第一篇：英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文 美國夢

Forrest Gump and American Dream

by Chen Zheye

A Thesis

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the School of Foreign Languages

Shanghai Jianqiao College

May, 2013

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

Forrest Gump and American Dream

ABSTRACT Forrest Gump won the 67th Annual Academy in1995.It is not just a movie.It has become a cultural phenomenon.The movie is the prevailing social perspective of low IQ and involves a number of historical figures and historical events.It evokes reflection on history and the hearts of collection of the American Dream.From the “stupid” behavior of Forrest Gump, people can see the virtues of kindness, trustworthiness, seriousness;honesty, courage, loyalty, and many other virtues and behaviors that Americans are advocating now.The spirit of Forrest Gump’s independent personality, his free spirit, strength of character and a realistic attitude towards life, etc.is a perfect interpretation of the core of American cultural values of individualism.In this paper, through the analysis of the main characters of Forrest Gump, the paper wants to resolve a concrete manifestation of the American dream.The American Dream is a concentrated expression of American values.It is rooted in the early development of Puritanism after the founding of the Westward Movement, disillusionment in the period of great development of monopoly capitalism.American Dream by different historical events, at different times, has different content and performance.This paper analyzes the origin, development of the Americans who are pursuing the American dream.Also it analyzes the expression of the American Dream and its positive significance.Keywords: American dream, development, influence, Forrest Gump, success

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上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

《阿甘正傳》與美國夢

摘要

摘得1995年第67屆奧斯卡六項大獎的《阿甘正傳》已不僅僅是一部影片，它已成為一種文化現(xiàn)象。影片以一個智商低下的人的視角去看當時的社會，涉及多個歷史人物和歷史事件，目的是喚起人們對歷史的反思和心中珍藏的美國夢。在很多人眼里近乎“愚笨”的阿甘的行為中，人們看到了一種久違的善良、守信、認真；誠實、勇敢、忠誠等諸多美國人所崇尚的美德。阿甘獨立的人格、自由的精神、堅強的性格和現(xiàn)實的人生態(tài)度等的精神是美國文化價值的核心一個人主義的完美演繹。本文通過分析《阿甘正傳》主要人物，來解析其在美國夢中的具體表現(xiàn)。美國夢是美國價值觀的集中體現(xiàn)。它根植于早期的清教主義，發(fā)展于建國后的西進運動，幻滅于壟斷資本主義大發(fā)展時期。在不同時期，美國夢受到不同的歷史事件的影響，有著不同的內(nèi)容和表現(xiàn)。本文分析了美國夢的起源，發(fā)展以及美國人對于美國夢的肯定及追求，表達了美國夢對美國人的影響和積極意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：美國夢，發(fā)展，影響，《阿甘正傳》，成功

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上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ······························································································································· I 摘要 ·································································································································· II 1 Introduction ························································································································· 1 2 Literature Review ················································································································ 2 3 The Introduction of American Dream ················································································· 3 3.1 The Definition of American Dream ·········································································· 3 3.2 The Origin of American Dream ················································································ 4 3.3 The Connotation of American Dream ······································································· 5 3.4 The Development of American Dream ····································································· 6 3.4.1 The Development in the West Movement ······················································· 6 3.4.2 The American Dream After Civil War····························································· 6 3.4.3 American Dream in Twenty Century ······························································ 7 3.5 The Influence of American Dream ············································································ 7 4 The Introduction of Forrest Gump ······················································································ 8 4.1 The Characteristic of Leading Role ·········································································· 8 4.1.1 Forrest Gump ··································································································· 8 4.1.2 His Mother ······································································································· 8 4.1.3 Jenny ················································································································ 9 4.2 The Reason Why Forrest Gump Succeeded ······························································ 9 4.3 The Concrete Manifestation of the American Dream in Forrest Gump ·················· 11 5 Conclusion ························································································································ 12 References ······························································································································· 13 Acknowledgements ················································································································· 14

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上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文 Introduction The reason why I chose this topic is I am very interested in American Dream and I like Forrest Gump very much.We can learn a lot from him.I hope my paper about American Dream and Forrest Gump will give other people referential significance and lay the foundation as my future in-depth study and research of American culture.In this paper, I divided it into three parts.The first is the definition of American Dream that as long as you have a dream and strong will and determination, you will be successful in the United State.The American Dream is an ideal, in the United States, it can be through the tireless efforts of individuals and working hard, then succeed, rather than rely on a particular social class and the assistance of others.The term “American Dream” was first written by American historian Adams(Adams,1878-1949), in the book American Historical Dictionary, United States map in 1931,and American history anthology(The Epic of America).The second part is the introduction of the film which tells a disabled man’s outstanding life.Forrest Gump is an American film adaptation of the novel of the same name, the author of the novel is Winston Groom, the film won the 1995 Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Male Oscar protagonist Award, the Oscar for Best Director totally six awards.Forrest Gump mold incarnation of virtue, honest, trustworthy, serious, and brave and attention to feelings.In the movie, Forrest Gump is a very pure image, described the movie from beginning to end is a warmth and good attitude to performance.He is loyal, so in the Vietnam War, he was out of danger alone when he still ran back to the jungle to look for his comrades.He is trustworthiness, he promised his comrades Bubba total buy a shrimp boat, but Bubba died, in the eyes of others incredible, he realized his last wish, and also won a huge wealth for them.He is persistent, so he ran a Jenny left three years across the entire United States, has been kept, he told you, he just wanted to run, which do not need peace and freedom, or any high-sounding stuff as a reason.The third part is the concrete manifestation of the American dream in Forrest Gump.He is the best interpretation of the American Dream.上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文 Literature Review Thanks to the publication of the MOVIE REVIEW（Luo,2006）, from the study, we know Forrest Gump almost involved all the major events from war to 1980s.On behalf of the main line, the film focused on rendering the black movement, the Vietnam War.Looking back 60 years, people often said that is a generation filled with violence, sex, drugs and it is called “Beat Generation”.Ju(2011)described the reason why director put such a stupid guy in that turbulent society is people advocated natural regression after the Cold War.The young people of that era, experienced and witnessed the unrest 1960s and 1970s, they preferred to think more rationally.From Zhong’s(2012)research, run means everything for Forrest Gump.The author thinks there are two meaning.Firstly, it is a symbol of geographic mobility and social mobility.Secondly, it is a symbol of the cultural expansion of capitalism and the Spirit of Capitalism Greed grab.In view of Wang(2009), the spirit of freedom, independence and equality are their main culture.Americans advocating self-independence, highlight equality, confidence, these are main individualistic culture constitution which have been deeply integrated into blood of Americans.These American spirits are not tradition, but faith.On Zheng’s(2011)point of view, the fast pace of life, the American society changes long-tern in them, they don’t like to stay in a rut, they believe themselves and rely on its own determination.It is American unique American local culture;American dream is not a dream, but a pursuit of an ideal, a philosophy of life in the United States.The so-called American dream is the Americans pursuit of better society;it is enrichment of American culture.The result of study(Huang & Chen & Xie,2009)have revealed the meaning of American dream.In these authors’ mind, American dream consists of several elements: the United States provides everyone the chance of success;success depends on their talents and efforts rather than family and background;everyone has equal rights;everyone has faith freedom.These elements are inextricably linked with the history, and historical background 2

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must combine the look.Jing(2010)thinks that under the influence of “counter-culture”, traditional American dream changed.The traditional American dream emphasized on the material savings, focusing on the desire and pursuit of wealth.However, in the 1960s “counter-culture” movement, they expressed their doubt about traditional values of the capitalist industrial society and affluence revolt;they think more of spiritual satisfaction, and personal fulfillment.The author called Luo(2012)thinks that Forrest Gump taught to give people the key to success is: your own decision whether you are being the wise man or a fool.Because he does not think he is a fool, and he can do whatever he wants to do.This is the achievements of a career in the United States, the success of crux.Americans are always thinking about goals for the future.According to the study of Journal of Suzhou University(Ai&Yang ,2010), no matter in the past or now, one of the main reasons why people immigrated to the United States is through your own efforts, force and unremitting struggle will be able to get a better life and achieve your own ideal, that people have to work through their own diligence, courage, creativity and determination in the United States.3 The Introduction of American Dream 3.1 The Definition of American Dream The American Dream is an ideal, in the United States, it can be through the tireless efforts of individuals and working hard, then succeed, rather than rely on a particular social class and the assistance of others.Some people ever said: “If you have a dream which is not American Dream that means your dream is not enough.” So what is American dream? Why all the people no matter where they come from all have American dream in their deep hearts.In brief, American dream is a trust that through your Persistent of hard work, you will have a better life than before.Therefore, American Dream is American people seek a better

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

society;American Dream is a microcosm of American culture.America gives all the immigrants from all over the world equal chances to make great efforts to achieve their goals in this land.Everyone has equal rights;everyone has the freedom of conscience.“You will be successful if you try hard.” is the core implication of American Dream.3.2 The Origin of American Dream

The term “American Dream” was first written by American historian Adams(James Truslow Adams ,1878-1949), in the book American Historical Dictionary, United States map in 1931,and American history anthology(The Epic of America).According to legend, Adams was particularly fond of the phrase “American Dream”.At that time, the United States is in the Great Depression, in order to inspire the confidence of the American nationals, Adams wanted to send tens of thousands of Americans who cannot support themselves at that time.American Dream is first occurred in 1620.Henry VIII, King of England, because the Pope does not agree with his divorce with his wife, so the king broke off the relationship with the Pope.There is no reform.This caused the dissatisfaction of some Catholics, they hope to “pure” state religion.The Puritans believed that a success on the job or career is a sign of God's select.The moral principles of Puritan is hard work, and be on the straight.However, the Church of England did not agreed with them, so some people were severe persecuted.In order to avoid the political urgent harm, or order to go to the New World and to seek a new life, some British began their North American Adventure.In 1620, the 35 Puritan and 67 non-Puritans riding Mayflower over the sea came to North America.From the mid-17th century, a large number of European immigrants swarmed into the United States.The United States, the new continent pinned many hopes and dreams.There are variety of reasons, such as the economic interests and strict religious regime persecuted helpless.In their eyes, fertile land is the countless used up as the black gold.The newcomer is the white American middle class today ancestors, their pursuit of all the good things into the American consciousness, into the part of the American dream, as their new national tradition，上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

and proud of it.In 1930s’, American were in great depression, a historian called Adam mentioned American Dream in the article, that is in this Countries which ordinary people can, through their own efforts to change their future.Some success, but most people’s dream dashed.Nevertheless, generation after generation of Americans is still view American dream as their dreams and work hard.3.3 The Connotation of American Dream On one hand, from the broad sense, the American dream refers to a kind of national belief, such as democracy, equality, free country ideal and value concept.The ideas which are embodied in the United States Declaration of Independence: we hold these truths which is self-evident, that is life and equality;god has given them inalienable power: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

In addition, the U.S.Constitution is the idea made more specific, it clearly stated ensure fair and promote all the country the well-being of the people, to guarantee citizens' freedom.Therefore, American Dream of the core management Concept can be summarized as follows:(1)All men are equal;(2)Free and fair;

(3)Everyone has the pursuit of happiness and equality of opportunity.Complementary to these three, the first two concepts ideal successful third prerequisite, that the Constitution of the United States to protect its citizens have equal opportunity, so that every American can struggle through self-successful.On the other hand, a narrow sense, American Dream refers to any who strive for his goal;forge ahead with determination in this promising country in the United States to become rich, too.Americans are convinced that: Personal efforts will succeed, will realize their own ideals.If he is unsuccessful, it must be a personal problem.In Americans’ minds, a birth and family background are not very important, but at present, Ambitions, talents and abilities are important rather than behave boldly experimental, adventurous.The pioneering spirit is the

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

realization of its vision to showcase their talents and abilities that will not factors and conditions may be less.3.4 The Development of American Dream 3.4.1 The Development in the West Movement If the unique natural conditions are the American Dream a reality-based basis, then the American establishment and the publication of the “Declaration of Independence” will make the American Dream with the ideological basis.From the American War of Independence in 1860, during the American Civil War is the time of American Dream’s development and maturity.After the victory of the War of Independence, the United States has the rise of a large-scale mold the masses “Westward Movement”.Along with the rise of the Westward Movement, the western United States developed rapidly.The end of the 18th century, the western United States is basically an uninhabited virgin land, to the end of the 19th century;however, the western United States has undergone earth-shaking changes in.Westward Movement is the process of the United States to expand the western territory and development of the vast western, the development of American culture and even the various aspects of the American society has brought great change and far-reaching impact.It has been said that the western part of the early “paradise for adventurers, Timid grave tomb”.For the realization of the dream of courage, the diligent pursuit of life cast brave and adventurous spirit of the people.The living conditions of the original land actively use their brains, and innovation.The United States national myth gave Americans confidence, development and the spirit of adventure, the pursuit of happiness.So they think they can get what they want in this land east the West.This myth is rooted in wealth.3.4.2 The American Dream After Civil War The most important factors that lead to the bursting of the American dream are the rapid socio-economic exhibition.For most Americans, their American dream in that era is difficult 6

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

achieve.The opportunity is no longer equality for all the people, many poor people are tired of all day, but to the dead remain impoverished.The people began to suspect that the American dream is just a dream.At the same time, the Westward Movement ended vigorously.When they have those representatives to the symbol of money and power of the upper classes of society, they look to achieve a dream.Then they found very far from that and they imagine.They admired those upper original wretched ignorance, they join together to chase find dream in return for nothing.3.4.3 American Dream in Twenty Century Belief in the “American Dream” is facing new an even greater crisis.With the continuous development of capitalism, it was brought all sorts of social problems which can not be solved.Overall, the American’s society worships money.Where the value of a person, the bills he has to measure rather than depending on his talent and accomplishments.In American society, black and minority ethnic discrimination is undoubtedly the so-called democracy, equality a mockery of the society”

For the pursuit of the “American Dream” is full of contradictions.The first progress contradictions and poverty, the material life of American society is increasingly developed, and people they are increasingly fall into the abyss of spiritual poverty.Another contradiction is that “the United States repeats of the tragedy of the Dream.Although many people clearly understand what they realize their dreams of hope, but they still can not help but to pursue, like moths to a flame.3.5 The Influence of American Dream Today, immigrants have a variety of backgrounds and skills have found them to enter the U.S.method.American Dream for various periods of immigration is still a big attraction, the United States still suck cited the ”melting pot“ of immigrants from all over.And the reality is that this economic strength and a good educational background immigration easier to be successful in the United States.Nevertheless, many Americans now do not have the time to

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

keep obtainers’ dream.It is our mission opportunity, we make history when engravedunited.When we breathe, we hope, we are faced with cynicism, we will bear in mind that the combination of the creed of the immortal spirit.4 The Introduction of Forrest Gump

4.1 The Characteristic of Leading Role 4.1.1 Forrest Gump Gump represented the male main people of public toward and pray for all of the mainstream culture.Forrest Gump went through the history of the United States after the Vietnam War alone, experienced almost all important to the United States after World War II moment in history: racial discrimination, the Vietnam War, anti-war rallies, the civil rights movement, women the liberation of the president's assassination, Watergate, ping-pong diplomacy, anti-traditional culture.Forrest Gump on behalf of the white men in the United States in the 1950s many outstanding qualities: honesty and keep letter, earnest, brave.Forrest Gump simple-minded, kind-hearted nature to do anything is persistent and inputs, the success indispensable spirit, this is a good God reward hope.This is Forrest Gump made one of the important factors for success.Forrest Gump's life is legendary.He did not complain that their mentally retarded, but the gift of God his talent on its head.In fact, Forrest Gump wants to tell us only cherish the loved ones around, lovers, and friends and care for each need a warm spirit soul.The fate drifts, but everyone can draw life curve.Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what to eat next taste road.Things change, but that everything is the fate of the arrangements.4.1.2 His Mother Forrest Gump's mother was a lift southern women ended gentle, firm character.She is great and full of wisdom her, mentally helped son did not feel fear and depression, and encouraged Forrest, educated and guided him, and would not let him feel inferior, not normal.8

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

She thought that her son should be like a normal child growth grew up.To let the Forrest enjoy the same powers and others, she principals, according to reason to strive, insisted that he accept the normal formal education, at the same time she also continued to tell Forrest Gump: always remember themselves and others, and any distinction, always remember to do other people say that they are weaker than they.In her mind, Forrest is God for her gift;she worked ceaselessly to dependents Forrest Gump.In Forrest Gump's minds, the mother is the source of all wisdom and spiritual light.She always tell him with his understandable way to, believe in yourself, believe in the future;her ability things right ”easy to understand“, there is always a way to find the most popular understandable language to let Forrest Gump understand some truth in the life.4.1.3 Jenny The name Jenny means the gift of God.Ironically Significance: Jenny movie hypocritical, rebellious and infected with all sorts of bad habits, such as alcoholism, drug abuse, sexual promiscuity, and finally died of AIDS.They can not find the value of life and Health the significance of the deposit.She worked hard, struggling, but later she began to give up their own selves, into for prostitutes.When Jenny finally found the true meaning of life suffered a lot has do not have the opportunity to enjoy all this, she was going to leave this world.Jenny is the era of the United States victim.Jenny must accept the early years, losing her mother and father;she was sexually assaulted.Forrest Gump and Jenny were both grew up in single-parent families, but Forrest Gump has a good mother.The shadow of her childhood and dreams shattered future confusion vividly manifested in her body out.Painful indulgence, indulgence, is often in agony even more painful.4.2 The Reason Why Forrest Gump Succeeded Forrest Gump look to go with the flow, is a dream.Who in Forrest Gump, we see the persistence of life.Forrest Gump does not have any expertise, in addition to running.Good run ability outset by Jenny points out, she once again encouraged him to go forward, in her

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

loving voice “Run, Forrest Gump, Run, Forrest, Run”, Forrest Gump ran the bike in the primary school chase, ran a car chase, ran out of the high school students detractors humiliation.His only start this talent just to escape childhood peers by bullying and had a gallop.He broke his own feet with corrective shaped device;he seems destined to conquer the world.Good running skills made Forrest Gump running into a university with such a low IQ, and ran into the nation's the ranks of rugby star team and met with President Kennedy.Relying the persistent “run” belief in the war-torn battlefield finally escaped Forrest risked their lives ran back to rescue other comrades, ran out of the war field.In order to abide by the comrades Bubba alive of a commitment, he engaged in career of bashing shrimp, scrimping career.Suffered a windy time scrimping process the violence other scrimping boats devastated alone Forrest boat slightest without loss.Forrest Gump scrimping industry took advantage of his talents further monopoly eventually awarded the harvest, became the scrimping industry tycoon.Finally, running around the United States, he gave hundreds of thousands of people courage and hope.He used to run, regardless of which he is in the running;he felt that running is a part of life.Moreover, the fate of the once frequently ran habits times led him to a brighter future, throughout the run in dignity, friendship, love, honor and wealth.Forrest Gump's life sketched out the life chances of ordinary people and their innermost secret desire.His life experiences not only experienced contemporary tortuous ups and downs of American history, but also brought together a series of very typical contemporary American life characteristics.However, not in terms of national history and development of various the same time period, regardless of when and where the poor or rich, he remains the same simplicity and kindness.Forrest Gump, who has the American character, we are advocating all virtues that are honesty, courage, loyalty.We can see loyalty, trustworthiness, dedication, most friendly humanity brilliance of quality from Forrest;we also can see the persistence of life, the hope of life, firm belief.Due to the characteristics of the times and the belief in the American dream deformation, Forrest Gump represents the trend of mainstream culture and prays: sincere, enthusiastic, confident, frank, sincere, warm, self-confidence 10

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positive.Gump's successful re-evoke the hearts of the people of the American Dream.4.3 The Concrete Manifestation of the American Dream in Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is the best interpretation of the American Dream.His IQ is only 75, below the normal minimum 80 standard.Forrest Gump other children grew up to be bullied by local residents called ”a local idiot“.He was often asked in his upbringing: “Are you stupid or something?” And he always answered: “Stupid is as stupid does” But is such a low intelligence than normal Forrest Gump, but relying on the persistent ”run“ belief, to get rid of the orthopedic folder, enter the full American football star team and met with president Kennedy, became a Vietnam War hero, to be a Table Tennis Star team to visit China, to participate in the establishment of Sino-breaking trip, create the Papua Gump Shrimp Company.His simple and loyal, he's trying to make his success dramatic continuously, and arouse people archive has long been the American dream again.Entire movie is full of humor passionate fighting spirit, as long as the effort will be successful, deeply moved by the audience heart.Jenny told to Forrest Gump with out hesitation: “I will be famous.” which confidents Americans innate character traits.The famous American historian Perry Miller once said: “Compared to other ethnic groups, most of the U.S.national in character is a conscious, clear and openly, to not make decisions;exactly as Americans, they are not following the by order of what, but to achieve what.”

The individualism of American culture can be concentrated to the ”American Dream“.In the movie, Jenny leave home alone battles throughout the United States, did bar singer, restaurant waiter and social activist.This is a uniquely American the local culture, called the ”American Dream".American Dream is not a dream, but a pursuit of an ideal, a philosophy of life in the United States.For different Americans, the American dream is not entirely the same.上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文 Conclusion Winston Groom is a great novelist whose works not only conquer the literature lovers but also open up a window for those who struggle for their life.Forrest Gump is much more than a story.It is an encouraging book, a book of hardships and survival.The present thesis indicates the definition of American Dream, the reason why Forrest Gump succeeded and concrete manifestation of the American dream in Forrest Gump.American dream consists of several elements: the United States provides everyone the chance of success;success depends on their talents and efforts rather than family and background;everyone has equal rights;everyone has faith freedom.These elements are inextricably linked with the history, and historical background must combine the look.Moreover, his success, in addition to his efforts, and his innate quality have a great relationship.As his honesty won the friendship of Lieutenant Dan, he's trustworthy and persistent achievement of his shrimping career and the love.We must have the courage to accept the courage to challenge the courage to face the reality.The taste of the ups and downs, life is what you go all the way, no matter what is the front of the.He does not cynical toward their goals run it? And his life is running out.Last but not least, all the audiences are impressed by Gump, because of his persistent like sun and rain and almost silly active efforts in the play.Other characters are full of confusion and perplexity, gone through hardships his trials and tribulations, and ultimately back to ordinary life track, we can see from the traditional culture of the United States charm, a more profound understanding of the national character of the Americans, and favorable in our cross-cultural communication and learning.American Dream is a belief, a desire and a dream.American dream is intangible;it exists in the hearts of every American.They may be not succeeding in the future if they have American Dream, but they won’t succeed if they don’t have.The American dream throughout the history of the United States reflects the mass of Americans system of values and the ideals of the national spirit, even though many people the American Dream, but it is the pursuit of the American dream has not died down, which is to promote American the development of the society to make a positive and important contribution.12

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

References Dai, J.(2010).American dream.Read and Write Periodical, 10, 4-5.Gao, W.(2011).The American dream in American movies.Overseas English, 9, 379-380.Li, N.(2010).A breeze from the chaos—An analysis of the film Forrest Gump.Overseas English, 6, 180-181.Liu, Y., & Li, M., & Zhou, M.(2012).Cultural contradiction---A brief analysis of Jenny: Symbol of a cultural rebellion in Forrest Gump.Overseas English, 6, 279-280.Yang, L.(2010).The masculine ideology in Forrest Gump.Overseas English, 1, 112-119.Ai, Q., & Yang, X.(艾琦、楊昕，2010)，從美國電影看美國夢的文化內(nèi)涵，《宿州學院學報》第25卷第3期，65-66頁.Chen, J(陳靜，2010)，從《阿甘正傳》看美國文化，《河南廣播電視大學學報》第4期,52-53頁.Du, Y., & Shi, J.(杜云云、史軍華)，《阿甘正傳》的美國文化解讀，《電影評價》第2期，36-37頁.Huang, Y., & Chen, Y., & Xie, F.(黃燕、陳穎聰、謝芳，2009)，重申阿甘正傳與不斷變化美國夢，《電影文學》第9期，97頁.Jing, Y.(景艷娥，2010)，探討美國夢的發(fā)展，《外語論壇》第13期，636頁.Ju, Z.(鞠朝希，2011)，探究美國夢的變遷，《科教文匯》第9期，65-67頁.Luo, D.(羅冬梅，2012)，阿甘的成功與美國文化的個人奮斗，《時代文學》第6期，151-152頁.Luo, Y.(羅艷麗，2006)，《阿甘正傳》美國傳統(tǒng)價值的呼喚與回歸，《電影評價》，7-8頁.Peng, L.(彭亮，2012)，“美國夢”的文學解讀，《重慶文理學院學報》第36卷第1期，105-109頁.Shen, L.,& Shen, Y.(趙靚靚、沈穎)，淺析美國夢的兩面性,《人文社科》第14期，474頁.Xu, G.(徐國慶，2009)，簡析“美國夢”的理想主義，《宿州學院學報》第24卷第1期，38-40頁.Zhen, G.(鄭剛，2011)，“美國夢”一詞的誕生與流變，《和田師范?？茖W校學報》第30卷第4期，54-56頁.Zhong, S.(鐘素花，2012)，從《阿甘正傳》看二戰(zhàn)后美國文化價值觀的重塑，《黑河學刊》第2期，20-22頁.Zhou, H.(周海波，2010)，解構(gòu)“美國夢”，《語文學刊》第7期，41-42頁

上海建橋?qū)W院本科畢業(yè)論文

Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to many people who have helped me with my completion of this thesis.First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Mr.Li Lei, who has constantly guided me through the whole research and through the writing of the thesis, and also thank him for his much devotion of his precious time and energy to reading and revising my manuscript with great carefulness and patience.Besides, my sincere gratitude also goes to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on my thesis.

第二篇：英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

contents

Abstract in English.....................1

Key words in English........................1

Abstract in Chinese....................1

Key words in Chinese.......................1

I.Introduction......................2

II.The definition of idiom in both languages.................2

III.The pattern of idiom in both languages.............3

IV.Chinese and English idioms related to “l(fā)ucky”and”taboo” numbers..........4

4.1 Chinese idioms related to “l(fā)ucky”and”taboo” numbers........4

1.lucky numbers(3，6，8，10)...............4

2.taboo numbers(4，5，7)...............6

4.2English idioms related to “l(fā)ucky”and”taboo” numbers..........7

1.lucky numbers(3，7，8，9).................7

2.taboo numbers(13，6，周五).....................8

V.Causes of differences between Chinese and English numerical idioms........9 5.1 Factor of Geography.....................9

5.2 Religious Differences..................10

5.3 Factor of History...................10

5.4 Fables and mythology..................11

VI.Conclusion......................12

Bibliography.........................13

第三篇：英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

從英漢文化的差異簡析英語習語翻譯

摘要：習語是語言的精華，具有其獨特的文化特色。本文從英漢地理環(huán)境，風俗習俗，宗教信仰，價值觀念的差異出發(fā)，討論了習語在這各個層次上體現(xiàn)出來的文化差異，提出了習語英漢互譯的幾種翻譯方式。

關(guān)鍵詞：英漢習語文化差異翻譯

語言既是文化的載體，文化的映像，又是文化的一部分，它容納了文化的各個方面，反映了文化的所有內(nèi)容;同是它也受到文化的制約。不同民族的語言，因物質(zhì)環(huán)境和所處地域不同，社會文化的哲學淵源不同，也必然存在各自獨特的民族個性，因此人類文化因差異的存在而就有了交流的必要。在語言這一民族文化的魁寶中，習語是其中最奪目的一顆明珠，是語言的精華，是人們在長期的勞動和生活中創(chuàng)造出來的、形象生動的、固定的句子和短語，體現(xiàn)了民族的價值觀念、社會風俗、思維方式。習語和其文化有著密不可分的關(guān)系，由于歷史、地理、宗教信仰、生活習俗等方面的差異，英漢習語也承載著不同的文化信息。本文試從英漢文化差異的四個方面來探討英語習語的翻譯。

(一)地理環(huán)境的差異

由于生活空間，生活方式和環(huán)境等各方面的差異，不同的民族對同一事物的看法各有不同，英國是一個島國，畜牧業(yè)，航海，漁業(yè)都十分發(fā)達，而漢族則在亞洲大陸生活繁衍，人們生活在土

地上。因此，地理環(huán)境的差異對習語有很大的影響，如英語中的 spend money like wate,用來比喻花錢浪費，大手大腳，而漢語則是“揮金如土”，英國地處北溫帶，夏季氣候涼爽宜人，因此英國的許多詩人常把夏天與可愛，美好等詞語聯(lián)系起來，在沙翁的一首著名的十四行詩中，把愛人比作夏天，“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate”,而在漢語文化氛圍中，夏天常常是與酷暑炎熱聯(lián)系起來，如“驕陽似火”，“赤日炎炎似火燒”等。也由于環(huán)境的差異，兩民族間對“東風”“西風”的理解也截然不同，中國人喜歡東風，它是春天的風，象征著“溫暖”，而“西風”則象征著荒涼之意，如“西風凜冽”。但在英國卻恰恰相反，“東風”是從歐洲大陸吹來的，象征“寒冷”，令人感到不愉快，如“When the wind is in the east, it’s good for neither man nor beast”,而西風才是從海洋吹來的溫暖濕潤的風，所以英國人喜歡“西風”，英語著名浪漫詩人雪萊就曾寫過一首佳作《西風頌》，“if winter comes,can spring be far behind”？

（二）民俗文化差異

任何一個民族在其發(fā)展過程中，往往都有自己獨特的社會生活狀況和世情風俗，如漢語習語中的“小菜一碟”用吃小菜來形容一件事情的容易性，而英語習語則用“a piece of cake”用一塊蛋糕來表示容易做到的事情；再如對“狗”這個詞在英漢文化中也有很大的差異，西方人愛狗，對狗的感情不亞于對人的感

情，說人幸運可以說他是個“Lucky dog”,說人會有出頭之日就說“Every dog has his day”，但在漢文化中“狗”多半用于貶義詞，如“狗膽包天”，“狼心狗肺”，“狗仗人勢”等；又如“亞洲四小龍”，英譯為“four Asian tigers”，而不能譯為“four Asian dragons”，這是因為西方人認為“dragon”(龍)是邪惡的象征，是兇殘的怪物，是罪惡恐怖的象征，是不詳之兆，但在漢文化中“龍”是中華民族的象征，代表著一種氣勢磅礴的民族精神，因此在漢語中就常聽到“望子成龍”這個詞語。

(三)宗教信仰的差異

宗教是一種文化現(xiàn)象，在個民族的歷史發(fā)展中有著重大的影響。英國長期以來深受希臘，羅馬和基督教文化的影響，認為世界是上帝創(chuàng)造的，世上的一切都是按上帝的旨意來辦的，而中國文化則深受佛教，道教的影響，因此宗教信仰上的差異也反映在習語上，在西方如：“God help those who help themselves”（上帝幫助自助的人），“God be with you”（上帝與你同在），“Go to hell”（下地獄去），而在東方如：“借花獻佛”，“閑時不燒香，臨時抱佛腳”，“道高一尺魔高一丈”等等。

(四)價值觀念的差異

由于各民族生活在不同的文化背景中，人們逐漸形成了不同的思維方式和社會心態(tài)，英美價值觀念的主線是個人主義，崇尚個人相對社會的獨立自主性，突出個人，強調(diào)個人的奮斗和成就，受個人本位價值觀念的影響，英美人士都十分重視個人的隱

私，如年齡，收入，宗教信仰及私人住宅等均屬個人隱私范圍，如“An Englishman’s home is his castle”（英國人的家是獨立王國）,而另一方面，從傳統(tǒng)上講，中國人比較推崇集體主義價值觀，這是中國文化的主線，如“一個籬笆三個樁，一個好漢三個幫”，“眾人拾柴火焰高”等。

二．英漢習語的翻譯方法

習語的翻譯不僅要求忠實的傳達原文的語言意義，還要能準確的闡述其原作的文化內(nèi)涵，因此要求譯者應(yīng)當在充分理解習語所包涵的文化信息基礎(chǔ)上，用目的語把這些文化信息表達出來，并能得到目的語讀者的認同。

（一）直譯法

由于一國語言中的習語最能直接反映該國民族文化，傳統(tǒng)習俗等各種特色，直譯就有它的特殊重要性，這種譯法能再現(xiàn)原文的風貌和文化，傳達出原文的形式，意義和精神，向讀者展示原語文化內(nèi)涵，英語中的“armed to the teeth”，“a rolling stone gathers no moss”等分別直譯為“武裝到牙齒”，“滾石不生苔”等，而漢語中的“丟面子”“紙老虎”則分別直譯為“l(fā)ose face”，“paper tiger”。

(二)意譯法

在跨文化交際時，會碰到大量表現(xiàn)出迥異語言文化特征的習語即非對應(yīng)關(guān)系的習語，這類習語就不能互相直譯，而應(yīng)弄清它們的文化內(nèi)涵和實際含義，根據(jù)上下文適當處理，先達意后傳神，如“eat one’s words”，漢語應(yīng)譯為“收回說過的話，承認前言有失，說錯了”。

(三)直譯加意譯法

為了更準確，有效地表達原意，譯者可以使用直譯加意譯的方式來翻譯習語，這種譯法能保持原文的比喻形象，同時又能清楚的表達寓意，如“l(fā)augh off one’s head”譯為“笑掉大牙”，“break the earth”“譯為破土動工”，再如“棺材上畫老虎---嚇死人”，譯為“Painting a tiger on a coffin---(lit)to frighten the dead,(pun)to frighten to death”，此例，直譯“to frighten to death”和意譯“to frighten to death”并用，更清楚地將漢語的這一歇后語介紹給英國讀者。

(四)套譯法

由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有時不符合中國習語，如

果直譯出來就會頗為難解，這時就可以借用漢語成語來翻譯，如：“All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill”譯為“有情人終成眷屬”，這種方法不僅可以保留原語的形象和風格，而且符合目標語的語言習慣，簡單易懂，可以讓讀者輕松地理解原文所要表達的含義，從而實現(xiàn)跨文化的交流。再如“six of one and half a dozen of the other ”譯成“半斤八兩”，“a bolt from the blue”譯成“晴天霹靂”，在使用套譯法翻譯時，一定要注意成語濃厚的民族地方色彩。

綜上所述，在英語學習中，只有更多的了解兩種語言的地

理環(huán)境，民俗文化，宗教信仰，價值觀念的差異，才能正確理解習語所包含的文化語義，體現(xiàn)出語篇中的文化內(nèi)涵，利用適當?shù)姆g方法，再現(xiàn)出原文語詞的文化意蘊，從而真正實現(xiàn)英漢文化的溝通。

參考文獻：

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

鄧炎昌劉潤清，語言與文化(M)北京外語教學與研究出版社1989 張若蘭，英漢習語的特點及其文化差異（J）西安外國語學院學報2003 鄒秋娟，論習語的翻譯方法（J）讀與寫2007 吳瑾瑾，實用英漢翻譯（M）復旦大學出版社2005平洪張國揚，英語習語與英美文化（M）北京 外語教育與研究出版社1999

第四篇：英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

樂山師范學院文學與新聞學院

2006級本科生畢業(yè)論文工作實施方案

畢業(yè)論文工作是實現(xiàn)本科培養(yǎng)目標、全面檢驗學生綜合素質(zhì)與實踐能力的主要手段，是學生畢業(yè)及學位資格認證的重要依據(jù)。做好畢業(yè)論文工作，對提高本科畢業(yè)生的全面素養(yǎng)具有重要意義。我校本科人才培養(yǎng)計劃規(guī)定，本科生必須撰寫畢業(yè)論文，論文合格方能獲得學士學位。我院2006級本科生畢業(yè)論文工作將遵照《樂山師范學院本科生畢業(yè)論文工作規(guī)程》、《樂山師范學院文學與新聞學院2006級本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）工作安排》，并結(jié)合我院的實際情況，規(guī)范運作，靈活實施。為了加強對文學與新聞學院本科生畢業(yè)論文的指導工作，特制定以下實施方案。

一、組織領(lǐng)導：

領(lǐng)導小組負責對畢業(yè)論文工作的領(lǐng)導和管理。

組長：吉仕梅

副組長：任志萍、熊澤文

成員：熊文、楊澤勇、各教研室主任

二、時間安排：

論文選題在第六期16-17周完成，開題報告、論文提綱應(yīng)在第七期1--4周內(nèi)完成。新聞專業(yè)應(yīng)在第七期5—12周完成畢業(yè)論文撰寫，第七期13---15完成畢業(yè)論文答辯。漢語言文學、對外漢語專業(yè)于第八期開學第1---6周完成畢業(yè)論文的撰寫，第8-13周完成畢業(yè)論文的評閱，答辯、評審工作。

三、指導教師資格和指導教師的聘任程序：

畢業(yè)論文的指導教師原則上由我院講師以上的教師擔任，由領(lǐng)導小組聘任。學生選擇非我院的本校教師為指導教師，由領(lǐng)導小組批準，以文新學院的名義聘任；學生選擇非我校人員為指導教師，應(yīng)報經(jīng)領(lǐng)導小組審查資格，合格者以文新學院的名義聘任。

系上公布指導教師的專業(yè)方向和課題指南后，學生自愿報名選擇指導教師，領(lǐng)導小組可酌情調(diào)整，確定之后予以公布。原則上一名教師指導的學生人數(shù)不應(yīng)超過10個。

四、論文指導的一般要求：指導教師在指導學生寫作論文期間，對學生進行的當面指導應(yīng)不少于5次。平均每次指導時間應(yīng)不少于1課時，每次當面指導的內(nèi)容大致提出以下建議：

第一次：在學生閱讀和積累資料的基礎(chǔ)上，確定論文題目。題目可由學生自擬，也可由指導教師提供意見。指導教師要和學生討論選題的目的、意義、解決的問題等。學生查閱相關(guān)資料后，寫出開題報告。

第二次：學生交開題報告，開題報告需經(jīng)指導老師和院畢業(yè)論文指導小組審查同意后方可開題。在指導老師指導下學生進一步完善開題報告，并正式確定論文題目。導師就論文的結(jié)構(gòu)、各部分的內(nèi)容、寫作的思路、文獻查閱等進行指導。要求學生在指導后查閱資料，寫出論文提綱。

第三次：學生交論文提綱，討論、修改論文提綱。教師要指導論文的具體寫作（包括論文寫作的基本格式、引文、注釋和參考文獻等的學術(shù)規(guī)范）要求學生寫出論文初稿。

第四次：學生交論文初稿，討論、修改論文的初稿，教師提出具體的修改、完善意見。

第五次：學生交論文定稿，教師審查論文定稿，在學生的畢業(yè)論文登記表上填寫評語、登記成績并簽字。

五、論文寫作要求與成績評定：

1、學生必須在教師的指導下獨立、按時完成論文的寫作，不得抄襲他人成果。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)抄襲、代寫等行為，按《樂山師院文學與新聞學院關(guān)于杜絕本科生畢業(yè)論文抄襲等行為的暫行規(guī)定》處理。學生不能按文新學院規(guī)定的時間完成論文的寫作，應(yīng)當扣減該生論文成績。具體扣分辦法是：一個環(huán)節(jié)未按時完成的，扣3分；若有多個環(huán)節(jié)未按時完成，則根據(jù)此標準累加，一篇論文每一個環(huán)節(jié)都未按時完成的，最多扣減15分。

2、論文字數(shù)應(yīng)不少于5000字。如果論文未達到規(guī)定字數(shù)，少300字以內(nèi)，論文成績扣減2分；少300—600字，論文成績扣5分；少600—1000字，論文成績扣8分；少1000—1500字，扣15分；少1500—2000字，扣20分；少2000字以上，論文成績不及格。

3、論文材料雜亂，大量主要材料嚴重失實；或?qū)懽鲬B(tài)度極不認真、文章加工極差；或論文無中心、層次不清、邏輯混亂、句子不通；或理論上有明顯錯誤，經(jīng)指導教師指出后仍然不改者，其論文成績不及格。重要人名、地名、事實、數(shù)據(jù)錯一個扣1分，標點符號錯三個扣1分，注釋錯一條扣1分，一個錯別字扣1分。

4、優(yōu)秀論文從嚴掌握，一般不超過學生人數(shù)的15%。

六、論文答辯：由領(lǐng)導小組聘請若干本院或院外講師以上的專家學者組成答辯委員會。由我院學科學術(shù)帶頭人或教授擔任主任委員，委員會下可分成若干小組，分別負責每一組學生的論文答辯。

七、答辯工作程序：全部畢業(yè)生都要參加論文答辯。各答辯小組的論文答辯會由答辯小組組長主持。答辯時先由學生陳述論文選題的目的、意義、論文主要解決的問題、論文如何解決問題等幾個方面的內(nèi)容，接著各答辯小組成員提出質(zhì)詢，然后答辯學生逐一回答。答辯中答辯小組成員質(zhì)詢至少應(yīng)當考慮以下幾個方面的問題：

1．論文題目的思考、確定。

2．課題研究的歷史與現(xiàn)狀

3．論文寫作時的主要參考文獻。

4．論文的中心與結(jié)構(gòu)。

5．觀點、材料及論證。

八、評語和成績：答辯過程中，各答辯小組應(yīng)指定專人填寫答辯記錄。答辯結(jié)束后，各答辯小組根據(jù)學生論文和答辯時情況寫出通過或不通過的評語并給出論文成績；各答辯小組成員在學生的畢業(yè)論文登記表上簽名；答辯小組組長及時將《畢業(yè)論文登記表》交到院上。

九、院畢業(yè)論文工作領(lǐng)導小組審定全部畢業(yè)論文，給出論文成績，總結(jié)畢業(yè)論文指導工作。

2009年6月

附：

文學與新聞學院漢語言文學、新聞學、對外漢語專業(yè)

2006級本科生畢業(yè)論文工作各環(huán)節(jié)時間安排

2006級本科生各專業(yè)本科生畢業(yè)論文工作各環(huán)節(jié)時間安排如下：

1、第六學期第16--17周：學生初選論文題目、論文方向及論文指導老師。

2、第七學期第1--4周，完成開題報告、論文提綱的撰寫。

3、第七學期5—12周新聞專業(yè)學生完成畢業(yè)論文撰寫，第13---15周完成畢業(yè)論文的評閱，答辯、評審工作。

4、漢語言文學、對外漢語專業(yè)于第八期開學第1---6周完成畢業(yè)論文的撰寫，第8-13周完成畢業(yè)論文的評閱，答辯、評審工作。

特別提示：

新聞學專業(yè)學生如果能夠提前完成論文選題、開題、提綱、初稿、未定稿、定稿、指導教師與評閱教師審查合格等環(huán)節(jié)，經(jīng)文新學院畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會及領(lǐng)導小組審查合格后，可由學院統(tǒng)一安排其參加答辯（具體時間另行通知），答辯通過者如需提前參加專業(yè)實習，必須由學院報請學校教務(wù)處批準后方可提前參加專業(yè)實習。

各專業(yè)學生提交畢業(yè)論文時，檔案袋里應(yīng)裝有：開題報告、論文提綱、論文初稿、各種版本的論文未定稿、定稿打印件、論文登記表及磁盤、查閱資料的讀書卡片、指導教師意見稿及其他相關(guān)資料。

樂山師院文學與新聞學院

2009年6月

第五篇：英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文

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英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文：

英語教學調(diào)查分析

摘 要 通過對桂林航專2005級新生英語專業(yè)和大學英語部分A級班、B級班進行英語語音課堂問卷調(diào)查分析,英語論文范文并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出英語語音課堂逆向教學的概念、應(yīng)遵循的原則及具體做法。

關(guān)鍵詞 英語語音 逆向教學 英語學習

筆者于2005年10月在桂林航專2005級新生正式上課前對2005級商務(wù)英語專業(yè)3個班、旅游英語專業(yè)2個班、2005級大學英語2個A級班(其中一個文科A級班、一個理科A級班)及1個B級班進行英語語音課堂問卷調(diào)查,調(diào)查內(nèi)容涉及中學英語學習的基本情況、英語語音基本知識及英語語音基本技能。英語課堂調(diào)查問卷分析及結(jié)論英語課堂調(diào)查問卷結(jié)果如表1。

1.1 問卷分析(1)桂林航專05商英/旅英絕大部分學生與大學英語A/B班學生一樣從初中開始學英語;(2)桂林航專05商英/旅英學生有38.8%高考參加理科考試,大學英語A/B班學生有44.8%高考參加理科考試;(3)桂林航專05商英/旅英學生有68.8%所在學校高考前沒有沒有為報考英語專業(yè)的同學開設(shè)英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)訓練,大學英語A/B班學生有68.4%所在學校高考前沒有為報考英語專業(yè)的同學開設(shè)英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)訓練;(4)桂林航專05商英/旅英學生有20.1%的所在學校高三時才有一周1-2節(jié)英語聽力課,大學英語A/B班學生有15.5%的所在學校高三時才有一周1-2節(jié)英語聽力課。

1.2 結(jié)論在總共23項英語語音基本知識及英語語音基本技能測試項目中,桂林航專2005級商英/旅英學生有12項的平均正確率低于2005級大學英語A/B班的學生。由此不難看出桂林航專2005級商務(wù)英語專業(yè)、旅游英語專業(yè)的學生在入學時的英語語音基礎(chǔ)知識及英語語音基本技能比2005級大學英語A級班、B級班學生差。作為英語專業(yè)的學生,在他們一開始進入大學進行英語學習時就“先天不足”。如何讓他們在短短的一個學期內(nèi)使他們的英語語音水平有一個明顯的提高?這是擺在桂林航專英語教師面前的一個難題,特別是對《英語語音》課程的教學教師來說,是不得不認真思考的問題。顯然,傳統(tǒng)的英語語音教學方法很難實現(xiàn)這一目的,唯一辦法只能是在教學的方式方法上進行改革。而英語語音課堂逆向教學無疑是個可以一試的方法。英語語音課堂逆向教學顧名思義,逆向教學是與傳統(tǒng)的英語教學相對而言的。傳統(tǒng)的英語教學大都遵循這樣的路向:必須打好“基礎(chǔ)”或練好“基本功”。所謂“基礎(chǔ)”或“基本功”,說的是學英語得從音素、音標、字母開始,接著是強記單詞、詞組,然后是按語法規(guī)則造句,最后是靠單詞表或詞典的釋義來理解和翻譯短文、篇章。傳統(tǒng)的英語語音教學則是先花大量的時間教英語的26個字母的正確朗讀、48個音素的讀音,后教單詞重音,單詞的強讀弱讀,句子及段落停頓,再到文章的朗讀。教師課堂教學的絕大部分時間是用來糾正學生在中學遺留下來的語音問題。對教師而言,教語音必須“有錯必糾”,這樣做的結(jié)果是:不知不覺中把英語

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語音的課堂教學目標從“重教”轉(zhuǎn)移到“重糾”。這樣學習的結(jié)果使學生先前的英語學習熱情頓失,枯燥的“糾音”越糾越枯燥,糾音糾到最后,學生不愿意開口說話,英語語音訓練是越練越提不起興趣,從而形成一種英語學習過程的“惡性循環(huán)”。而英語語音逆向教學則從逆向思維出發(fā),采取聽力訓練與語音、語調(diào)訓練相結(jié)合的方法。在語音教學過程中要求學生課堂內(nèi)外精聽旋律悠美的經(jīng)典英美名歌名曲,模仿歌曲的語音語調(diào)。在學生模仿過程中穿插進行英語語音基礎(chǔ)知識的教學。同時采取“另類”訓練法進行英語語音教學:打破英語語音教學中的因循守舊,按部就班的給學生“打基礎(chǔ)”的傳統(tǒng)教學模式,不是先教英語的48個音素、音標,后教單詞、句子、段落,再到語段、篇章的教學,而是在精聽旋律悠美的經(jīng)典英美名歌名曲,模仿歌曲語音語調(diào)的基礎(chǔ)上,把提高學生的聽力和聽寫技能結(jié)合起來,教學生用不完整的語句表達出交際的意圖,鼓勵學生運用有限的英語能力來讓交際對象領(lǐng)會自己的意思,最終使學生的英語語音的實際運用能力得以提高。對學生而言,講英語,學語音不必“有錯必糾”,教師應(yīng)學會如何把英語語音的課堂教學目標從“重糾”轉(zhuǎn)移到“重學”上,認定英語語音是“學會的”而不是“教會的”。英語語音的課堂教學以聽懂為基礎(chǔ),以模仿為過程。這個訓練過程是在學生對語音材料有一定的感性認識的基礎(chǔ)上進行。此過程是艱苦的,它即練聽,又練讀,是否聽懂取決于是否能模仿出來。訓練的結(jié)果是:學生的英語語音語調(diào)得到了提高和改進的同時,聽力得到了增強,交際能力也相應(yīng)地得到了提高。英語語音課堂逆向教學應(yīng)注意的幾點

3.1 以學生為主體,培養(yǎng)和保護學生的學習興趣教師要以學生的“學”為主體,教會學生如何學好英語。從第一節(jié)語音課開始,教師要不失時機地談?wù)Z音語調(diào)的重要性以及語音語調(diào)的學習方法,還有告訴學生語音訓練的難度,提醒學生除了語音課集中訓練外,還有做好課后自己長期訓練的思想準備。教師通過課堂內(nèi)精聽旋律悠美的經(jīng)典英美名歌名曲,通過模仿歌曲的語音語調(diào)去激發(fā)學生強烈的學習愿望。同時對于發(fā)音較差的學生,一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)其有點滴進步,就要及時鼓勵。

3.2 靈活進行課堂設(shè)計,突出重點由于進入大學的多數(shù)同學已經(jīng)形成了自己的語音模式,因而自我辨音的能力較差,這就需要老師有目的地不斷糾正和提醒,必要時配以詳細的語音發(fā)音器官圖指導學生,要求學生課后多聽、多模仿來校正自己的語音錯誤,從而提高自己的語音能力。

3.3 運用多媒體教學手段現(xiàn)代化的多媒體視聽教學手段構(gòu)成了語音教學的立體教材。它使學生好像置身于現(xiàn)實的自然情景和言語交際的環(huán)境中,讓學生在視聽理解及有意識地模仿、操練的同時,將語音的韻律成分在特定的言語環(huán)境中自然消化吸收。結(jié)束語

英語語音課堂逆向教學實際上是融英語聽、說、讀、寫為一體的綜合教學,它使學生的英語發(fā)音、聽力、詞匯、文化素質(zhì)等都得到提高。筆者通過對桂林航專2005級商務(wù)英語2班進行為期一個學期的英語語音課堂逆向教學試驗后發(fā)現(xiàn):在總共50個測試項目的期末檢測分析中,試點班2005級商務(wù)英語2班與2005級商英/旅英非試點班相比,其答題正確率有35項高于非試點班(9項持平/略低于非試點班),而且試點班學生在英語語音基本知識的掌握、英語聽力能力方面比非試點班有較大提高。這證明了英語語音課堂逆向教學的可行性。

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參考文獻

[1] 何自然.論外語教學的逆向思維[J].外語界,2004(6): 2-3.[2] 王才仁.英語教學交際論[M].南寧:廣西教育出版社,1996: 72-100.[3] 李斯?jié)?英語歌曲在英語教學中的作業(yè)[J].中國輕工教育,2005(3): 79.[4] 李臻.高校英語專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段語音教學思考[J].烏魯木齊成人教育學院學報,2005(8): 62.[5] 龐新.當前英語發(fā)音教學存在的問題及解決辦法[J].廣西教育,2005(11):39.[6] 魏恩文.大學英語中語音教學的重要性[J].齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學院學報,1998(1)