第一篇：名大學(xué)校訓(xùn)的中英文對照版

俗話說“細微之處見精神”，一所大學(xué)的校訓(xùn)在很大程度上能反映出其精神風(fēng)貌。里面特搜集了中國(包括港澳臺地區(qū))一些著名高等學(xué)府的中英文校訓(xùn)：

Peking University(founded in 1898)： Patriotism, Advancement, Democracy and Science

北京大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1898年)：愛國 進步 民主 科學(xué)

Tsinghua University(founded as early as 1911)： Self-discipline and Social Commitment

清華大學(xué)(始建于1911年)：自強不息 厚德載物

Wuhan University(date back to 1893)： Improve Yourself, Carry Forward Stamina, Seek Truth and Develop Innovations

武漢大學(xué)(前身建于1893年)：自強 弘毅 求是 拓新

Tianjin University(founded in 1895)： Seek Truth from Facts

天津大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1895年)：實事求是

Zhejiang University(founded in 1897)： Seek Truth and Be Creative

浙江大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1897年)：求是創(chuàng)新

Shandong University(founded in 1901)： Noble in Spirit;Boundless in Knowledge

山東大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1901年)：氣有浩然 學(xué)無止境

Nanjing University(founded in 1902)： Be Honest and Intelligent, Study Hard and Act Sincerely

南京大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1902年)：誠樸雄偉 勵學(xué)敦行

Beijing Normal University(founded in 1902)： Learn to be an Excellent Teacher;Act as an Exemplary Person

北京師范大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1902年)：學(xué)為人師 行為世范

Southeast University(founded in 1902)： Strive for Perfection

東南大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1902年)：止于至善

Fudan University(founded as early as 1905)： Rich in Knowledge andTenacious of Purpose;Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting withSelf-practice

復(fù)旦大學(xué)(始建于1905年)：博學(xué)而篤志 切問而近思

Jinan University(founded in 1906)： Loyalty, Credibility, Sincerity, and Piety

暨南大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1906年)：忠信篤敬

Tongji University(founded in 1907)： Discipline, Practicality, Unity and Creativity

同濟大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1907年)：嚴謹 求實 團結(jié) 創(chuàng)新

Nankai University(founded in 1919)： Dedication to PublicInterests, Acquisition of All-round Capability, and Aspiration forProgress with Each Day

南開大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1919年)：允公允能 日新月異

Harbin Institute of Technology(founded in 1920)： Strict Standard and Sufficient Effort

哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1920年)：規(guī)格嚴格 工夫到家

Xiamen University(founded in1921)： Pursue Excellence, Strive for Perfection

廈門大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1921年)：自強不息 止于至善

Sun Yat-sen University(founded in 1924)： Study Extensively,Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, PractiseEarnestly

中山大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1924年)：博學(xué) 審問 慎思 明辨 篤行

Renmin University of China(date back to 1937)： Seek Truth from Facts

中國人民大學(xué)(前身建于1937年)：實事求是

Beijing Institute of Technology(founded in 1939)： Solidarity, Diligence, Practicality and Creativity

北京理工大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1939年)：團結(jié) 勤奮 求實 創(chuàng)新

Beijing Foreign Studies University(founded in 1941)： Be United, Alert, Earnest and Lively

北京外國語大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1941年)：團結(jié) 緊張 嚴肅 活潑

National University of Defense Technology(founded in 1953)： Dedication and Practicality

國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1953年)：奉獻 求實

University of Science and Technology of China(founded in 1958)：Socialist-minded and Professionally Proficient, Associating Truth withFact

中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1958年)：紅專并進 理實交融

National Tai Wan University(date back to 1927)：Cultivate Your Virtue, Advance Your Intellect;Love Your Country and People

國立臺灣大學(xué)(前身建于1927年)：敦品 勵學(xué) 愛國 愛人

Hong Kong Polytechnic University(founded in 1937)： To Learn and to Apply for the Benefit of Mankind

香港理工大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1937年)：開物成務(wù) 勵學(xué)利民

第二篇：酒名中英文對照

酒名中英文對照

白蘭地類(Brandy）

人頭馬V.S.O.P.Remy Martin V.S.O.P.法國

人頭馬X.O.Remy Martin X O.法國

人頭馬路易十三Remy Martin Louis 13 法國

人頭馬拿破侖Remy Martin Napoleon 法國

人頭馬特級Club De Remy Martin 法國

軒尼詩X O.Hennessy X.O.Cognac 法國

軒尼詩V.S.O.P.Hennessy V.S O.P.法國

長頸F.O.V.Cognac 法國

御鹿V.S.O.P.，Hine V.S: O.P.法國

御鹿X O.Hine X O.法國

萬事好V.S O.P.Raynal V.S O.P.法國

萬事好X0.Raynal X O.法國

金牌馬爹利Martell Medaillon 法國

藍帶馬爹利Martell Corden blue 法國

馬爹利x O.Martell x O.法國

奧吉爾V.S.O.P.Augier V.S.O.P.法國

奧吉爾X O.Augier X O.法國

麥迪沙五星Metexerbrandy 5-star 法國

雪里玉V.S.O.P.Salignac Cognee V.S.O.P.法國

登喜路V.S.O.P.Dunhill V.S.O.P.法國

拿破侖X0.Courvoisier X O.法國

豪達V.S.O.P.Otard V.S.O.P.法國

金花V.S.O.P.Camus X O.法國

百事吉V.S O.P.Bisquit V.S.O.P.法國 威士忌類(Whisky)占邊Jim Beam Bourbon Whiskey 美國

威雀Famous Grouse Whisky 蘇格蘭

龍津十二年Long John 12 years Whisky 蘇格蘭

白馬White Horse Whisky 蘇格蘭

紅方Joannie Walker Red lable 蘇格蘭

黑方Johnnie Walker Black lable 蘇格蘭

老伯Old Parr Whisky 蘇格蘭

金鈴Bell's Extra Special 蘇格蘭

天寶＋五年Dimple 15 years 蘇格蘭

芝華士十二年Chivas Regal 12 years 蘇格蘭

護照Passport Scotch Whisky 蘇格蘭

安尼皇后Queen Anne Scotch Whisky 蘇格蘭

皇家禮炮12年Royal Salute 12 years 蘇格蘭

蘭利Glenlivet Scotch Whisky 蘇格蘭

施格蘭V.O.Seagrartis V.O.Whisky 加拿大 四玫瑰Four Roses Bourbon Whiskey 美國

皇冠Crown Royal 加拿大

七冠Seven Crown Whiskey 美國

格蘭Grant's Blended 蘇格蘭

格蘭12年Grant's 12 years Deluxe 蘇格蘭

格蘭菲迪Glenfiddich 愛爾蘭

珍寶J&B 蘇格蘭

順風(fēng)Cutty Sark 蘇格蘭

登喜路Dunhill 蘇格蘭

百齡壇Ballantine's 加拿大俱樂部Canadian Club 杰克·丹尼爾斯Jack Daniel's 三得利皇冠Suntory Royal 金酒類(Gin)

建尼路金Greenall's 哥頓金Gordon's 伯納特金B(yǎng)urnett's’ 布多恩金B(yǎng)oodle's 鉆石金Gilbey's 水晶宮金Crystal Palace 必富達金B(yǎng)efeater 萊利金Lariors 朗姆酒類(Rum)

百家地Bacardi Rum 奇峰Mount Gry Rum 摩根船長Captain Morgan B/W Rum 伏特加酒(Vodka)

芬蘭伏特加Finlandia 紅牌伏特加Stolichnaya 綠牌伏特加Moskovskaya 皇冠伏特加Smirnoff 特基拉酒(Tequila)

凱爾弗Jose Cuervo White Tequila 金快活Cuervo Special Gold Tequila 白金武士 Conquistador 利口酒(Liqueur)

佳連露Galliano Liqueur 芳津杏仁Amaretto 君度Cointreau 飄仙1號Pimm's NO.1 蘇格蘭 加拿大 美國 日本 英國 英國 英國 英國 英國 英國 英國 英國 巴西 英國

波多黎各 芬蘭 俄羅斯 俄羅斯 俄羅斯 墨西哥 墨西哥 墨西哥 意大利 法國 法國 英國 咖啡利口Coffee Liqueur 荷蘭

棕可可甜酒Creme de Cacao Brown 荷蘭

杏仁白蘭地Apricot Brandy 荷蘭

白可可甜酒Creme de Cacao White 荷蘭

橙味甜酒Triple Sec 荷蘭

蜜瓜酒Melon Liqueur 荷蘭

櫻桃酒Kirchwasser 荷蘭

香草酒Marschino 荷蘭

黑加侖酒Black Cassis 荷蘭

石榴糖漿Grenadine Syrup 杜林標(biāo)Drambuie 潘諾茵香酒Penoal 薄荷蜜27 Get 27 Peppermint(G/W)皮特櫻桃甜酒Peter Hearing 金巴利Campari 苦精Bitters 蘋果白蘭地Calvados 椰子酒Malibu Liqueur 百利甜酒Bailey's 安德卜格Underberg 咖啡蜜酒Kahlua 藍橙酒Blue Curacao 蛋黃酒Advocaat 天萬利Tia Maria 金萬利Grand Mania 杜本那Dubonnet Red 當(dāng)姆香草利口酒Benedictinea 開胃酒(Aperitif)

哈維斯些厘Harvey's Sherry 干仙山99 Cizano Vermouth Dry 紅仙山露．Cizano Vermouth Sweet 馬天尼（紅）Martini Rosso 馬天尼（干）Martini Dry 馬天尼（半干）Martini Bianco

荷蘭 英國 英國 法國 丹麥 意大利西班牙法國 牙買加愛爾蘭德國 墨西哥美國 荷蘭 牙買加牙買加法國 法國 西班牙意大利意大利 意大利 意大利 意大利

第三篇：中英文犬名對照

中英文犬名對照 Affenpinscher 艾芬篤賓犬（猴面梗）2 Afghan Hound 阿富汗獵犬 3 Airedale Terrier 萬能梗 4 Akita 秋田犬 Alaskan Malamute 阿拉斯加雪橇犬 American Eskimo Dog 美國愛斯基摩犬 American Staffordshire Terrier 美國史特富郡梗（斯塔福梗）8 American Water Spaniel 美國水獵犬 Anatolian Shepherd 安娜圖牧羊犬（安那托利亞牧羊犬）10 Australian Cattle Dog 澳洲牧牛犬 11 Australian Shepherd 澳洲牧羊犬 12 Australian Terrier 澳洲梗 13 Basenji 貝吉生犬（巴仙吉）14 Basset Hound 巴吉度獵犬 15 Beagle 貝高犬（比格犬）Bearded Collie 古代長鬚牧羊犬（長須柯利牧羊犬）Bedlington Terrier 貝林登梗 Belgian Malinois 比利時瑪利諾犬（比利時馬利努阿）19 Belgian Sheepdog 比利時牧羊犬 Belgian Tervuren 比利時坦比連犬（比利時特弗倫）21 Bernese Mountain Dog 伯恩山犬Bichon Frise 卷毛比雄犬 Black and Tan Coonhound 黑褐獵浣熊犬Bloodhound 血獵犬（尋血獵犬）25 Border Collie 邊境牧羊犬 26 Border Terrier 邊境梗 Borzoi 波索爾（蘇俄牧羊犬）28 Boston Terrier 波士頓梗 Bouvier des Flandres 法蘭德斯畜牧犬 30 Boxer 拳獅犬 31 Briard 伯瑞犬

Brittany 不列塔尼獵犬（布列塔尼）

Brussels Griffon 比利時粗毛獵犬（布路塞爾格林芬）34 Bull Terrier 牛頭梗

Bulldog 老虎犬（英國斗牛）36 Bullmastiff 斗牛馬士提夫犬

Cairn Terrier 凱安梗（凱恩梗）38 Canaan Dog 卡南犬（迦南犬）

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 查理士王小獵犬（騎士查理王獵犬）40 Chesapeake Bay Retriever 乞沙比克獵犬 41 Chihuahua 吉娃娃

Chinese Crested 中國冠毛犬 43 Chinese Shar-pei 中國沙皮犬 44 Chow Chow 松獅犬

Clumber Spaniel 克倫伯犬

Cocker Spaniel 曲卡犬（可卡）47 Collie 牧羊犬（柯利牧羊犬）

Curly-Coated Retriever 卷毛尋回犬 49 Dachshund 臘腸犬

Dalmatian 斑點犬

Dandie Dinmont Terrier 短腳狄文梗 52 Doberman Pinscher 都柏文犬（杜賓犬）

English Cocker Spaniel 英國曲卡犬（英國可卡）54 English Setter 英國塞特犬（英國雪達）

English Springer Spaniel 英國曲卡犬（錯了，是史賓格犬）56 English Toy Spaniel 英國玩賞曲卡犬 57 Field Spaniel 田野獵犬

Finnish Spitz 芬蘭獵犬（芬蘭狐貍?cè)?9 Flat-Coated Retriever平毛尋回犬

Fox Terrier(Smooth)獵狐梗（短毛獵狐梗）61 Fox Terrier(Wire)剛毛獵狐梗

Foxhound(American)美國獵狐犬

Foxhound(English)英國獵狐犬

French Bulldog 法國老虎犬（法國斗牛）65 German Shepherd Dog 德國牧羊犬

German Shorthaired Pointer 德國短毛指示犬（或稱波音達）67 German Wirehaired Pointer 德國鋼毛指示犬 68 Giant Schnauzer 大型史納莎（巨型雪納瑞）69 Golden Retriever 金毛尋回犬

Gordon Setter 哥頓塞特犬（哥登雪達）71 Great Dane 大丹犬

Great Pyrenees 大白熊犬

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog 大瑞士山地犬

Greyhound 格雷伊獵犬（靈緹）75 Harrier 哈利犬

Havanese 哈威那（哈瓦那）

Ibizan Hound 依比沙獵犬（伊比贊）78 Irish Setter 愛爾蘭塞特犬（愛爾蘭雪達）79 Irish Terrier 愛爾蘭梗

Irish Water Spaniel 愛爾蘭水獵犬

Irish Wolfhound 愛爾蘭獵狼犬

Italian Greyhound 義大利格雷伊獵犬（意大利靈緹）83 Jack Russell Terrier 積奇羅素梗（杰克羅素梗）84 Japanese Chin 日本犬（日本仲）85 Keeshond 荷蘭毛獅犬

Kerry Blue Terrier 凱利藍梗 87 Komondor 可蒙犬

Kuvasz 哥威斯犬（庫瓦茲）89 Labrador Retriever 拉布拉多犬 90 Lakeland Terrier 湖畔梗

Lhasa Apso 拉薩犬

L?wchen 羅秦犬（羅岑）93 Maltese 瑪爾濟斯

Manchester Terrier 曼徹斯特梗 95 Mastiff 馬士提夫犬

Miniature Bull Terrier 迷你牛頭梗

Miniature Pinscher 迷你篤賓犬（迷你品）

Miniature Schnauzer 迷你史納莎（迷你雪納瑞）99 Newfoundland 紐芬蘭犬 100 Norfolk Terrier 羅福梗

Norwegian Elkhound 挪威獵麋犬 102 Norwich Terrier 羅威士梗（挪威梗）103 Old English Sheepdog 古代英國牧羊犬

Otterhound 奧達獵犬 105 Papillon 蝴蝶犬 106 Pekingese 北京犬

Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen 迷你貝吉格里芬凡丁犬

Pharaoh Hound 法老王獵犬 109 Plott Hound 普羅特獵犬

Polish Lowland Sheepdog 波蘭低地牧羊犬 111 Pointer 指示犬

Pomeranian 松鼠犬（博美犬）113 Poodle 貴婦犬

Portuguese Water Dog 葡萄牙水犬

Pug 八哥

Puli 波利犬

Rhodesian Ridgeback 118 Rottweiler 洛威拿

Saint Bernard 圣伯納犬

Saluki 東非獵犬（薩路基）121 Samoyed 薩摩犬

Schipperke 舒柏奇犬

Scottish Deerhound 蘇格蘭獵鹿犬

Scottish Terrier 蘇格蘭梗

Sealyham Terrier 西里漢梗

Shetland Sheepdog 喜樂蒂牧羊犬

Shiba Inu 西巴犬（柴犬）128 Shih Tzu 西施

Siberian Husky 西伯利亞雪橇犬

Silky Terrier 絲毛梗

Skye Terrier 斯開島梗（斯凱梗）

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier 愛爾蘭軟毛梗 133 Spinone Italiano 史畢諾犬（斯皮諾意大利犬）134 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 斯塔?？ざ放９?/p>

Standard Schnauzer 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)史納莎（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雪納瑞）136 Sussex Spaniel 塞式獵犬 137 Tibetan Spaniel 西藏獵犬 138 Tibetan Terrier 西藏梗 139 Vizsla 維茲拉犬

Weimaraner 威瑪獵犬

Welsh Corgi(Cardigan)威爾斯柯基犬(卡狄根)（卡丁根威爾士柯基）

Welsh Corgi(Pembroke)威爾斯柯基犬(賓波基)（彭布羅克威爾士柯基）

Welsh Springer Spaniel 威爾斯激飛獵犬（威爾士史賓格）144 Welsh Terrier 威爾斯梗（威爾士梗）

West Highland White Terrier 西部高地白梗 146 Whippet 惠比特犬

Wirehaired Pointing Griffon 鋼毛指示格里芬犬

Yorkshire Terrier 約瑟爹利（約克夏梗）

第四篇：大學(xué)中英文對照

《大學(xué)》（中英文）

The Great Learning

By Confucius Written ca.500 B.C.E

總綱(右經(jīng)一章，蓋孔子之言，而曾子述之；其傳十章，則曾子之意，而門人記之也。舊本頗有錯簡，今因程子所定，而更考經(jīng)文，別為序次如左。)(凡傳十章：前四章統(tǒng)論綱領(lǐng)指趣；後六章細論條目工夫。其第五章乃明善之要。第六章乃誠身之本，在初學(xué)；尤為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。讀者不可以其近而忽之也)

『１』大學(xué)之道在明明德，在親民，在止於至善。

What the great learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue;to renovate the people;and to rest in the highest excellence.『２』知止而後有定；定而後能靜；靜而後能安；安而後能慮；慮而後能得。The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is thendetermined;and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to.To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose.In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end.『３』物有本末；事有終始。知所先後則近道矣。

Things have their root and their branches.Affairs have their endand their beginning.To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning.『４』古之欲明明德於天下者先治其國。欲治其國者先齊其家。欲齊其家者先修其身。欲修其身者先正其心。欲正其心者先誠其意。欲誠其意者先致其知。致知在格物。

The ancients who wished to illustrate illustrious virtue throughoutthe kingdom, first ordered well their own states.Wishing to order welltheir states, they first regulated their families.Wishing to regulatetheir families, they first cultivated their persons.Wishing to cultivate their persons, they first rectified their hearts.Wishing to rectify their hearts, they first sought to be sincere in their thoughts.Wishing to be sincere in their thoughts, they first extended to the utmost their knowledge.Such extension of knowledge lay in the investigation of things.『５』物格而後知至。知至而後意誠。意誠而後心正。心正而後身修。身修 而後家齊。家齊而後國治。國治而後天下平。

Things being investigated, knowledge became complete.Their knowledge being complete, their thoughts were sincere.Their thoughts being sincere, their hearts were then rectified.Their hearts being rectified, their persons were cultivated.Their persons being cultivated, their families were regulated.Their families being regulated, their

states were rightly governed.Their states being rightly governed, the whole kingdom was made tranquil and happy.『６』自天子以至於庶人臺是皆以修身為本。

From the Son of Heaven down to the mass of the people, all mustconsider the cultivation of the person the root of everything besides.『７』其本亂而末治者，否矣。其所厚者薄而其所薄者厚，未之有也。It cannot be, when the root is neglected, that what should springfrom it will be well ordered.It never has been the case that what wasof great importance has been slightly cared for, and, at the same time,that what was of slight importance has been greatly cared for.第一章(右傳之首章，釋明明德。)『１』康誥曰，「克明德?！?/p>

In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, “He was able to make his virtue illustrious.”

『２』大甲曰，「顧 天之明命。」

In the Tai Chia, it is said, “He contemplated and studied the illustrious decrees of Heaven.”

『３』帝典曰：「克明峻德?！?/p>

In the Canon of the emperor(Yao), it is said, “He was able tomake illustrious his lofty virtue.”

『４』皆自明也。

These passages all show how those sovereigns made themselvesillustrious.第二章(右傳之二章，釋新民。)

『１』湯之盤銘曰：「茍日新，日日新，又日新?！?/p>

On the bathing tub of T'ang, the following words were engraved: “If you can one day renovate yourself, do so from day to day.Yea, letthere be daily renovation.”

『２』康誥曰，「作新民?！?/p>

In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, “To stir up the newpeople.” 『３』詩曰：「周雖舊邦，其命維新?！?/p>

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “Although Chau was an ancientstate the ordinance which lighted on it was new.”

『４』是故君子無所不用其極。

Therefore, the superior man in everything uses his utmostendeavors.第三章(右傳之三章，釋止於至善。)『１』詩云，「邦畿千里，惟民所止。」

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “The royal domain of a thousandli is where the people rest.”

『２』詩云，「緡蠻黃鳥，止於丘隅?！棺釉唬骸胳吨梗渌?，可以人而不如鳥乎？」

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “The twittering yellow birdrests on a corner of the mound.” The Master said, “When it rests, it knows where to rest.Is it possible that a man should not be equal to this bird?” 『３』詩云，「穆穆文王，於緝熙敬止?！篂槿司?，止於仁；為人臣，止於敬；為人子，止於孝；為人父，止於慈；與國人交，止於信。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “Profound was King Wan.With how bright and unceasing a feeling of reverence did he regard his restingplaces!” As a sovereign, he rested in benevolence.As a minister, he rested in reverence.As a son, he rested in filial piety.As a father, he rested in kindness.In communication with his subjects, he rested in good faith.『４』詩云，「瞻彼淇澳，綠竹猗猗。有斐君子。如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮兮，赫兮喧兮。有斐君子，終不可喧兮。」「如切如磋」者，道學(xué)也；「如琢如磨」者，自修也；「瑟兮 兮」者，恂栗也；「赫兮喧兮」者，威儀也；「有斐君子，終不可喧兮」者，道盛德至善，民之不能忘也。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “Look at that winding course of the Ch'i, with the green bamboos so luxuriant!Here is our elegant andaccomplished prince!As we cut and then file;as we chisel and then grind: so has he cultivated himself.How grave is he and dignified!How majestic and distinguished!Our elegant and accomplished prince never can be forgotten.” That expression-“As we cut and then file,” the work of learning.“As we chisel and then grind,” indicates that of self-culture.“How grave is he and dignified!” indicates the feeling of cautious reverence.“How commanding and distinguished!indicates an awe-inspiring deportment.”O(jiān)ur elegant and accomplished prince never can be forgotten,“ indicates how, when virtue is complete and excellence extreme, the people cannot forget them.『５』詩云，「於戲前王不忘！」君子賢其賢，而親其親。小人樂其樂，而利其利。此以沒世不忘也。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”Ah!the former kings are notforgotten.“ Future princes deem worthy what they deemed worthy, and love what they loved.The common people delight in what delighted them, and are benefited by their beneficial arrangements.It is on this account that the former kings, after they have quitted the world, are not forgotten.第四章(右傳之四章，釋本末。)

子曰：「聽訟，吾猶人也。必也，使無訟乎？」無情者，不得盡其辭，大畏民志。此謂知本。

The Master said, ”In hearing litigations, I am like any other body.What is necessary is to cause the people to have no litigations.“ So, those who are devoid of principle find it impossible to carry out their speeches, and a great awe would be struck into men's minds;-this is called knowing the root.第五章(右傳之五章，蓋釋格物致知之義，而今亡矣。閑嘗竊取程子之意，以補之曰：「所謂致知在格物者：言欲至吾之知，在即物而窮其理也，蓋人心之靈，莫不有知，而天下之物，莫不有理。惟於理有未窮，故其知有不盡也。是以大學(xué)始教，必使學(xué)者即凡天下之物。莫不因其已知之理，而益窮之，以求至乎其極。至於用力之久，而一旦豁然貫通焉。則眾物之表里精粗無不到，而吾心之全體大用，無不明矣。此謂物格。此謂知之至也。)

『１』此謂知本?！海病淮酥^知之至也。

This is called knowing the root.This is called the perfecting of knowledge.第六章(右傳之六章，釋誠意。)

『１』所謂誠其意者：毋自欺也，如惡惡臭，如好好色。此之謂自謙。故君子必慎其獨也。

What is meant by ”making the thoughts sincere.“ is the allowing no self-deception, as when we hate a bad smell, and as when we love whatis beautiful.This is called self-enjoyment.Therefore, the superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.『２』小人閑居為不善，無所不至，見君子，而後厭然。其不善，而著其善。人之視己，如見其肺肝然，則何益矣。此謂誠於中，形於外。故君子必慎其獨也。There is no evil to which the mean man, dwelling retired, will not proceed, but when he sees a superior man, he instantly tries to disguise himself, concealing his evil, and displaying what is good.The other beholds him, as if he saw his heart and reins;-of what use is his disguise? This is an instance of the saying-”What truly is within will be manifested without.“ Therefore, the superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.『３』曾子曰，「十目所視，十手所指，其嚴乎。」

The disciple Tsang said, ”What ten eyes behold, what ten handspoint to, is to be regarded with reverence!“

『４』富潤屋，德潤身。心廣體胖。故君子必誠其意。

Riches adorn a house, and virtue adorns the person.The mind isexpanded, and the body is at ease.Therefore, the superior man must make his thoughts sincere.第七章(右傳之七章，釋正心修身。)

『１』所謂修身在正其心者：身有所忿，則不得其正。有所恐懼，則不得其正。有所好樂，則不得其正。有所憂患，則不得其正。

What is meant by, ”The cultivation of the person depends on rectifying the mind may be thus illustrated:-If a man be under the influence of passion he will be incorrect in his conduct.He will be the same, if he is under the influence of terror, or under the influence of fond regard, or under that of sorrow and distress.『２』心不在焉，視而不見，聽而不聞，食而不知其味。

When the mind is not present, we look and do not see;we hear anddo not understand;we eat and do not know the taste of what we eat.『３』此謂修身在正其心。

This is what is meant by saying that the cultivation of the persondepends on the rectifying of the mind.第八章(右傳之八章，釋修身齊家。)

『１』所謂齊其家在修其身者：人之其所親愛而辟焉。之其所賤惡而辟焉。之其所畏敬而辟焉。之其所哀矜而辟焉。之其所敖惰而辟焉。故好而知其惡，惡而知其美者，天下鮮矣。

What is meant by “The regulation of one's family depends on thecultivation of his person is this:-men are partial where they feel affection and love;partial where they despise and dislike;partial where they stand in awe and reverence;partial where they feel sorrow and compassion;partial where they are arrogant and rude.Thus it is that there are few men in the world who love and at the same time know the bad qualities of the object of their love, or who hate and yet know the excellences of the object of their hatred.『２』故諺有之曰，「人莫知其子之惡，莫知其苗之碩?！?/p>

Hence it is said, in the common adage,”A man does not know thewickedness of his son;he does not know the richness of his growingcorn.“

『３』此謂身不修，不可以齊其家。

This is what is meant by saying that if the person be not cultivated, a man cannot regulate his family.第九章(右傳之九章，釋齊家治國。)

『１』所謂治國必先齊其家者：其家不可教，而能教人者，無之。故君子不出家，而成教於國。孝者，所以事君也；弟者，所以事長也；慈者，所以使眾也。What is meant by ”In order rightly to govern the state, it is necessary first to regulate the family,“ is this:-It is not possible for one to teach others, while he cannot teach his own family.Therefore, the ruler, without going beyond his family, completes the lessons for the state.There is filial piety:-therewith the.sovereign should be served.There is fraternal submission:-therewith elders and superiors should be served.There is kindness:-therewith the multitude should be treated.『２』康誥曰，「如保赤子，心誠求之?！闺m不中、不遠矣，未有學(xué)養(yǎng)子，而後嫁者也。

In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, ”Act as if you were watching over an infant.“ If a mother is really anxious about it, though she may not hit exactly the wants of her infant, she will not be far from doing so.There never has been a girl who learned to bring up a child, that she might afterwards marry.『３』一家仁，一國興仁；一家讓，一國興讓；一人貪戾，一國作亂。其機如此，此謂一言僨事，一人定國。

From the loving example of one family a whole state becomes loving,and from its courtesies the whole state becomes courteous while, from the ambition and perverseness of the One man, the whole state may be led to rebellious disorder;-such is the nature of the influence.This verifies the saying, ”Affairs may be ruined by a single sentence;a kingdom may be settled by its One man.“

『４』堯舜帥天下以仁，而民從之。桀紂帥天下以暴，而民從之。其所令反其所好，而民不從。是故君子，有諸己，而後求諸人。無諸己，而後非諸人。所藏乎身不恕而能喻諸人者，未之有也。

Yao and Shun led on the kingdom with benevolence and the peoplefollowed them.Chieh and Chau led on the kingdom with violence, and people followed them.The orders which these issued were contrary to the practices which they loved, and so the people did not follow them.On this account, the ruler must himself be possessed of the good qualities, and then he may require them in the people.He must not have the bad qualities in himself, and then he may require that they shall not be in the people.Never has there been a man, who, not having reference to his own character and wishes in dealing with others, was able effectually to instruct them.『５』故治國在齊其家。

Thus we see how the government of the state depends on the regulation of the family.『６』詩云，「桃之夭夭，其葉蓁蓁，之子於歸，宜其家人?！挂似浼胰耍峥梢越虈?。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”That peach tree, so delicateand elegant!How luxuriant is its foliage!This girl is going to her husband's house.She will rightly order her household.“ Let the household be rightly ordered, and then the people of the state may be taught.『７』詩云，「宜兄宜弟。」宜兄宜弟，而後可以教國人。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”They can discharge their dutiesto their elder brothers.They can discharge their duties to their younger brothers.“ Let the ruler discharge his duties to his elder and younger brothers, and then he may teach the people of the state.『８』詩云，「其儀不忒，正是四國?！蛊錇楦缸有值茏惴?，而後民法之也。In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”In his deportment there isnothing wrong;he rectifies all the people of the state.“ Yes;when theruler, as a father, a son, and a brother, is a model, then the people imitate him.『９』此謂治國，在齊其家。

This is what is meant by saying, ”The government of his kingdomdepends on his regulation of the family.“

第十章（右傳之十章，釋治國平天下）

『１』所謂平天下在治其國者：上老老，而民興孝；上長長，而民興弟；上恤孤，而民不倍。是以君子有榘之道也。

What is meant by ”The making the whole kingdom peaceful and happydepends on the government of his state,“ this:-When the sovereign behaves to his aged, as the aged should be behaved to, the people become final;when the sovereign behaves to his elders, as the elders should be behaved to, the people learn brotherly submission;when the sovereign treats compassionately the young and helpless, the people do the same.Thus the ruler has a principle with which, as with a measuring square, he may regulate his conduct.『２』所惡於上，毋以使下。所惡於下，毋以事上。所惡於前，毋以先後。所惡於後，毋以從前。所惡於右，毋以交於左。所惡於左，毋以交於右。此之謂榘之道。

What a man dislikes in his superiors, let him not display in thetreatment of his inferiors;what he dislikes in inferiors, let him notdisplay in the service of his superiors;what he hates in those who arebefore him, let him not therewith precede those who are behind him;what he hates in those who are behind him, let him not bestow on the left;what he hates to receive on the left, let him not bestow on the right:-this is what is called ”The principle with which, as with a measuring square, to regulate one's conduct.“

『３』詩云：「 樂只君子，民之父母?！姑裰煤弥?；民之所惡惡之。此之謂民之父母。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”How much to be rejoiced in are these princes, the parents of the people!“ When a prince loves what the people love, and hates what the people hate, then is he what is calledthe parent of the people.『４』詩云：「節(jié)彼南山，維石巖巖。赫赫師尹，民具爾瞻?！褂袊卟豢梢圆簧?。辟則為天下矣。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”Lofty is that southern hill,with its rugged masses of rocks!Greatly distinguished are you, O grand-teacher Yin, the people all look up to you.“Rulers of states may not neglect to be careful.If they deviate to a mean selfishness, they will be a disgrace in the kingdom.『５』詩云，「殷之未喪師，克配上帝。儀監(jiān)於殷，峻命不易?！沟赖帽?，則得國；失眾，則失國。

In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”Before the sovereigns of theYin dynasty had lost the hearts of the people, they could appear beforeGod.Take warning from the house of Yin.The great decree is not easilypreserved.“ This shows that, by gaining the people, the kingdom is gained, and, by losing the people, the kingdom is lost.『６』是故君子先慎乎德。有德，此有人；有人，此有土；有土，此有財；有財，此有用。

On this account, the ruler will first take pains about his ownvirtue.Possessing virtue will give him the people.Possessing the people will give the territory.Possessing the territory will give him its wealth.Possessing the wealth, he will have resources for expenditure.『７』德者本也。財者末也。

Virtue is the root;wealth is the result.『８』外本內(nèi)末，爭民施奪。

If he make the root his secondary object, and the result his primary, he will only wrangle with his people, and teach them rapine.『９』是故財聚，則民散。財散，則民聚。

Hence, the accumulation of wealth is the way to scatter the people;and the letting it be scattered among them is the way to collect thepeople.『１０』是故言悖而出者亦悖而入；貨悖而入者亦悖而出。

And hence, the ruler's words going forth contrary to right, willcome back to him in the same way, and wealth, gotten by improper ways,will take its departure by the same.『１１』康誥曰，「惟命不於常?！沟郎苿t得之，不善則失之矣。

In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, ”The decree indeed maynot always rest on us“;that is, goodness obtains the decree, and the want of goodness loses it.『１２』楚書曰，「楚國無以為寶；惟善以為寶。」

In the Book of Ch'u, it is said, ”The kingdom of Ch'u does notconsider that to be valuable.It values, instead, its good men.“

『１３』舅犯曰，「亡人，無以為寶；仁親以為寶?！?/p>

Duke Wan's uncle, Fan, said, ”O(jiān)ur fugitive does not account that to be precious.What he considers precious is the affection due to hisparent.“

『１４』秦誓曰，「若有一介臣，斷斷兮，無他技，其心休休焉，其如有容焉，人之有技，若己有之，人之彥圣，其心好之，不啻若自其口出，實能容之：以能保我子孫黎民，尚亦有利哉。人之有技，疾以惡之，人之彥圣而違之，俾不通，不能容：以不能保我子孫黎民，亦曰殆哉。

In the Declaration of the Duke of Ch'in, it is said, ”Let me havebut one minister, plain and sincere, not pretending to other abilities,but with a simple, upright, mind;and possessed of generosity, regarding the talents of others as though he himself possessed them, and, where he finds accomplished and perspicacious men, loving them in his heart more than his mouth expresses, and really showing himself able to bear them and employ them:-such a minister will be able to preserve my sons and grandsons and black-haired people, and benefits likewise to the kingdom may well be looked for from him.But if it be his character, when he finds men of ability, to be jealous and hate them;and, when he finds accomplished and perspicacious men, to oppose them and not allow their advancement, showing himself really not able to bear them: such a minister will not be able to protect my sons and grandsons and people;and may he not also be pronounced dangerous to the state?“

『１５』唯仁人，放流之，迸諸四夷，不與同中國。此謂唯仁人，為能愛人，能惡人。

It is only the truly virtuous man who can send away such a man and banish him, driving him out among the barbarous tribes around, determined not to dwell along with him in the Auddle Kingdom.This is in accordance with the saying, ”It is only the truly virtuous man who can love or who can hate others.“

『１６』見賢而不能舉，舉而不能先，命也。見不善而不能退，退而不能遠，過也。

To see men of worth and not be able to raise them to office;toraise them to office, but not to do so quickly:-this is disrespectful.To see bad men and not be able to remove them;to remove them, but notto do so to a distance:-this is weakness.『１７』好人之所惡，惡人之所好：是謂拂人之性。必逮夫身。

To love those whom men hate, and to hate those whom men love;-thisis to outrage the natural feeling of men.Calamities cannot fail to come down on him who does so.『１８』是故君子，有大道必忠信以得之；驕泰以失之。

Thus we see that the sovereign has a great course to pursue.Hemust show entire self-devotion and sincerity to attain it, and by prideand extravagance he will fail of it.『１９』生財有大道，生之者眾，食之者寡。為之者疾，用之者舒。則財恒足矣。

There is a great course also for the production of wealth.Let the producers be many and the consumers few.Let there be activity in theproduction, and economy in the expenditure.Then the wealth will alwaysbe sufficient.『２０』仁者，以財發(fā)身。不仁者，以身發(fā)財。

The virtuous ruler, by means of his wealth, makes himself moredistinguished.The vicious ruler accumulates wealth, at the expense ofhis life.『２１』未有上好仁，而下不好義者也。未有好義，其事不終者也。未有府庫財非其財者也。

Never has there been a case of the sovereign loving benevolence,and the people not loving righteousness.Never has there been a case where the people have loved righteousness, and the affairs of the sovereign have not been carried to completion.And never has there been a case where the wealth in such a state, collected in the treasuries and arsenals, did not continue in the sovereign's possession.『２２』孟獻子曰，「畜馬乘，不察於雞豚。伐冰之家不畜牛羊。百乘之家不畜聚斂之臣，與其有聚斂之臣。寧有盜臣。此謂國不以利為利，以義為利也。The officer Mang Hsien said, ”He who keeps horses and a carriagedoes not look after fowls and pigs.The family which keeps its stores of ice does not rear cattle or sheep.So, the house which possesses a hundred chariots should not keep a minister to look out for imposts that he may lay them on the people.Than to have such a minister, it were better for that house to have one who should rob it of its revenues.“ This is in accordance with the saying:-”In a state, pecuniary gain is not to be considered to be prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness.“

『２３』長國家而務(wù)財用者，必自小人矣，彼為善之。小人之使為國家，害并至，雖有善者，亦無如之何矣。此謂國不以利為利，以義為利也。

When he who presides over a state or a family makes his revenueshis chief business, he must be under the influence of some small, meanman.He may consider this man to be good;but when such a person is employed in the administration of a state or family, calamities from Heaven, and injuries from men, will befall it together, and, though a good man may take his place, he will not be able to remedy the evil.This illustrates again the saying, ”In a state, gain is not to be considered prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness."

THE END

第五篇：中國著名大學(xué)校訓(xùn)中英文對照

中國著名大學(xué)校訓(xùn)中英文對照

Peking University(founded in 1898): Patriotism, Advancement, Democracy and Science

北京大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1898年)：愛國 進步 民主 科學(xué)

Tsinghua University(founded as early as 1911): Self-discipline and Social Commitment

清華大學(xué)(始建于1911年)：自強不息 厚德載物

Wuhan University(date back to 1893): Improve Yourself, Carry Forward Stamina, Seek Truth and Develop Innovations

武漢大學(xué)(前身建于1893年)：自強 弘毅 求是 拓新

Tianjin University(founded in 1895): Seek Truth from Facts

天津大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1895年)：實事求是

Zhejiang University(founded in 1897): Seek Truth and Be Creative

浙江大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1897年)：求是創(chuàng)新

Shandong University(founded in 1901): Noble in Spirit;Boundless in Knowledge

山東大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1901年)：氣有浩然 學(xué)無止境

Nanjing University(founded in 1902): Be Honest and Intelligent, Study Hard and Act Sincerely

南京大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1902年)：誠樸雄偉 勵學(xué)敦行

Beijing Normal University(founded in 1902): Learn to be an Excellent Teacher;Act as an Exemplary Person

北京師范大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1902年)：學(xué)為人師 行為世范

Southeast University(founded in 1902): Strive for Perfection

東南大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1902年)：止于至善

Fudan University(founded as early as 1905): Rich in Knowledge and Tenacious of Purpose;Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting with Self-practice 復(fù)旦大學(xué)(始建于1905年)：博學(xué)而篤志 切問而近思

Jinan University(founded in 1906): Loyalty, Credibility, Sincerity, and Piety

暨南大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1906年)：忠信篤敬

Tongji University(founded in 1907): Discipline, Practicality, Unity and Creativity

同濟大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1907年)：嚴謹 求實 團結(jié) 創(chuàng)新

Nankai University(founded in 1919): Dedication to Public Interests, Acquisition of All-round Capability, and Aspiration for Progress with Each Day

南開大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1919年)：允公允能 日新月異

Harbin Institute of Technology(founded in 1920): Strict Standard and Sufficient Effort

哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1920年)：規(guī)格嚴格 工夫到家

Xiamen University(founded in1921): Pursue Excellence, Strive for Perfection

廈門大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1921年)：自強不息 止于至善

Sun Yat-sen University(founded in 1924): Study Extensively, Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, Practise Earnestly

中山大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1924年)：博學(xué) 審問 慎思 明辨 篤行

Renmin University of China(date back to 1937): Seek Truth from Facts

中國人民大學(xué)(前身建于1937年)：實事求是

Beijing Institute of Technology(founded in 1939): Solidarity, Diligence, Practicality and Creativity

北京理工大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1939年)：團結(jié) 勤奮 求實 創(chuàng)新

Beijing Foreign Studies University(founded in 1941): Be United, Alert, Earnest and Lively

北京外國語大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1941年)：團結(jié) 緊張 嚴肅 活潑

National University of Defense Technology(founded in 1953): Dedication and Practicality

國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1953年)：奉獻 求實

University of Science and Technology of China(founded in 1958): Socialist-minded and Professionally Proficient, Associating Truth with Fact 中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1958年)：紅專并進 理實交融

National Tai Wan University(date back to 1927)：Cultivate Your Virtue, Advance Your Intellect;Love Your Country and People

國立臺灣大學(xué)(前身建于1927年)：敦品 勵學(xué) 愛國 愛人

Hong Kong Polytechnic University(founded in 1937): To Learn and to Apply for the Benefit of Mankind

香港理工大學(xué)(創(chuàng)建于1937年)：開物成務(wù) 勵學(xué)利民 香港大學(xué)

香港科技大學(xué)