第一篇：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)高層論壇上的演講(中英對照)

加強合作，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展服務(wù)

——崇泉部長助理在中歐知識產(chǎn)權(quán)高層論壇上的演講

Strengthen Cooperation and Facilitate Enterprise Innovation and

Development

—Assistant Minister Chong Quan’s Speech at China-EU High Level

Forum on IPR Protection

女士們、先生們： Ladies and gentlemen, 大家好！很高興今天在布魯塞爾與歐方共同舉辦中歐知識產(chǎn)權(quán)高層論壇。此前，我已與歐委會代表Ewa Synowiec司長在德國漢諾威共同見證了中歐合作的首個“中國參展企業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)服務(wù)站”在CeBIT上設(shè)立，并高興地看到服務(wù)站在中歐知識產(chǎn)權(quán)合作方面發(fā)揮了積極作用。服務(wù)站向中國參展企業(yè)提供咨詢和調(diào)解服務(wù)，一方面有利于參展企業(yè)了解當(dāng)?shù)胤?，更好地保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，另一方面也有利于加強國外知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人與中國參展企業(yè)間的溝通和交流，盡量妥善解決知識產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛。以服務(wù)站為代表的一系列知識產(chǎn)權(quán)合作項目，為中歐加強合作、共同促進(jìn)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。在此，我對歐委會、歐專局和中歐知識產(chǎn)權(quán)二期合作辦公室的大力支持表示感謝！

It is my great pleasure to attend the China-EU High Level Forum on IPR Protection co-sponsored with the European Commission here in Brussels.Earlier at CeBIT in Hanover, Germany, I had witnessed with Director General Ewa Synowiec of the European Commission the launch of “China IPR Desk”, a joint project by China and EU, together.I’m pleased to see that this project has played an active role in China-EU cooperation on IPR protection.The “China IPR Desk” provides consultation and mediation services to Chinese exhibitors, which on the one hand enable the Chinese exhibitors to know local laws and improve the IPR protection, and on the other hand enhance the communication and exchanges between foreign IPR owners and Chinese exhibitors and properly solve IPR disputes.Represented by the “China IPR Desk”, a series of IPR cooperation projects have played an important role in strengthening China-EU cooperation and facilitating enterprise innovation and development.Here, I shall express my appreciation to the European Commission, the European Property Rights Bureau and the Phrase Ⅱ China-EU IPR Cooperation office for the great support.今天，我們在這里舉辦中歐知識產(chǎn)權(quán)高層論壇，體現(xiàn)了中歐雙方對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題的高度重視。保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，符合中歐雙方共同利益。

Today, we are holding the China-EU High Level Forum on IPR protection, which indicates the great importance attached by both China and the EU to the issue of IPR protection.Protecting IPR meets the mutual interests of both sides.首先，雙方政治上往來密切。圍繞著全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，中歐已建立了多層次、寬領(lǐng)域的政治對話機制。2008年4月，中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)高層對話在北京正式啟動。今年新春伊始，溫家寶總理就對歐盟總部和德國、瑞士、西班牙、英國歐洲四國進(jìn)行了正式訪問，并與歐委會主席巴羅佐發(fā)表了關(guān)于進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)中歐全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系的《聯(lián)合聲明》。在溫總理結(jié)束歐洲“信心之旅”之后二十天，陳德銘部長又率采購團赴歐履行“承諾之旅”。這凸顯了中方面對金融危機、主張通過國際合作共克時艱的立場，也是用實際行動反對貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的一項切實舉措。

Firstly, the two sides have maintained close political exchanges.Surrounding the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and EU, a multi-layered and wide-ranging mechanism for political dialogue has been established.In April, 2008, China-EU High-Level Economic and Trade Dialogue was launched in Beijing.And at the beginning of the Spring Festival this year, Premier Wen Jiabao made an official visit to the headquarters of EU, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and UK.He and President of European Commission Barroso issued the Joint Statement aimed at promoting the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.Twenty days after Premier Wen finished his “Trip of Confidence” to Europe, Minister Chen Deming led a buying mission back to Europe as a “Trip of Commitment”, which indicates China's position of tackling the difficulties through international cooperation in face of the financial crisis, which was also a practical measure to fight trade protectionism.其次，雙方在經(jīng)濟上互利共贏。自1984年以來，中歐雙方每年舉行一次正部級經(jīng)貿(mào)混委會。目前，歐盟是中國第一大貿(mào)易伙伴、最大的出口市場和進(jìn)口來源地、第一大技術(shù)引進(jìn)來源地和第四大實際投資來源地。中國則是歐盟第一大進(jìn)口來源國、第二大貿(mào)易伙伴和第四大出口市場。據(jù)中方統(tǒng)計，2008年中歐貿(mào)易額為4255.8億美元，較2007年增長19.5%，占中國外貿(mào)總額的16.6%。截至2008年底，歐盟對華直接投資項目30253個，實際投入 625.7億美元；中國自歐引進(jìn)技術(shù)共29525項，累計合同金額1206.1億美元。中歐對歐工程承包合同額達(dá)102.8億美元，完成營業(yè)額92.4 億美元。中歐雙方在經(jīng)濟上具有很強的互補性，發(fā)展雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作，符合雙方的根本利益。

Secondly, the two sides share an economic relationship featuring mutual benefit and win-win.Since 1984, China and EU has been holding ministerial-level Joint Economic and Trade Committee Meeting every year.At present, EU is China's largest trading partner, largest export market and import source, largest source of technology import and fourth largest source of actual investment, while China is EU's largest source of import, second largest trading partner and fourth largest export market.According to China’s statistics trade volume between China and EU in 2008 was USD 425.58 billion, up 19.5% from 2007, accounting for 16.6% of China’s total foreign trade.By the end of 2008, EU companies have invested in 30,253 projects in China with an actual input of USD 62.57 billion, China has imported 29,525 technologies from EU with a total contractual value of USD 120.61 billion, and Chinese companies have undertaken engineering contracting projects in Europe with a total contractual value of USD 10.28 billion and realized a total business turnover of USD 9.24 billion.The two economies are strongly complementary with each other and hence to develop the bilateral economic and trade cooperation is in the fundamental interests of both sides.第三，保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是雙方共同的目標(biāo)。中歐人民都極具創(chuàng)造力，都曾創(chuàng)造了輝煌的歷史。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)對科技進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用，毋庸置疑。當(dāng)今世界，科技發(fā)展日新月異，知識經(jīng)濟方興未艾，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日益成為國家發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性資源和國際競爭力的核心要素。保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)符合中歐雙方共同的利益。

Thirdly, Protecting IPR is the common objective of the two sides.Chinese and European people are both highly creative and have created glorious history.There is no doubt about the role of IPR in advancing scientific and technological progress as well as economic development.Today, as science and technology leaps forward and the knowledge-based economy is on the upswing, intellectual property is becoming a strategic resource for national development and a core element for international competitiveness.Protecting IPR meets the common interests of China and EU.女士們、先生們： Ladies and gentlemen, 中國政府一直高度重視知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。伴隨著改革開放，中國在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)領(lǐng)域的工作取得了長足進(jìn)展。2008年,中國共受理專利申請量 828，328件，同比增長19.4%，國內(nèi)發(fā)明申請增幅達(dá)到27.1%；授權(quán)專利411，982件，專利申請授權(quán)兩同比增長17.1%。2008年，中國的全球《專利合作條約》（PCT）申請量達(dá)6089件，同比增幅為11.9%，躍居世界第六位。其中，僅華為技術(shù)公司就遞交了1737件申請，成為全球遞交專利申請最多的公司。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to IPR protection.Along with the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable progress in the field of intellectual property.In 2008, China received a total of 828,328 patent applications, up 19.4% year on year, and domestic invention application increased 27.1%;411,982 patents were authorized, and authorized patent applications increased 17.1% year on year.In 2008, China’s application of “Patent Cooperation Treaty”(PCT)reached 6,089, up 11.9% year on year, ranking No.6 in the world.Among all the PTC applications, 1,737 applications were submitted by Huawei Technologies alone, which make it the biggest patent applicant in the world.現(xiàn)在，我向大家介紹一下近年中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的主要工作。

Now, I would like to brief you on the main work that China has done to protect IPR in recent years.一、扎實推進(jìn)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)國家戰(zhàn)略的實施

I.The national strategy on IPR protection is being implemented effectively.中國政府始終認(rèn)為，保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)首先是中國自身發(fā)展的迫切需要。中國已將建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家作為國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。為建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家，全力提升知識產(chǎn)權(quán)創(chuàng)造、運用、管理和保護(hù)能力，中國政府于2008年公布了《國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略綱要》?！毒V要》明確了到2020年的中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的中遠(yuǎn)期規(guī)劃，規(guī)定了近5年的戰(zhàn)略重點、專項任務(wù)和戰(zhàn)略措施。《綱要》的頒布是中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)發(fā)展史上里程碑式的事件，這必將揭開中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的新的篇章。

The Chinese government has always maintained that IPR protection is, first and for most, an urgent need for its own development.China has identified building an innovative country as a national development strategy.To this end, the Chinese government issued the Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy in 2008 with the view of enhancing the capability of creating, utilizing, managing and protecting intellectual property.The Outline specifies the long-term plan for IPR protection till 2020, and stipulates the key strategy, special tasks and strategic measures for the next 5 years.The Outline is a landmark in China’s history of IPR development and opens a new chapter in its IPR protection.為扎實推進(jìn)《綱要》的實施，2008年10月，國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)建立了由商務(wù)部等28個部委組成的國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略實施工作部際聯(lián)席會議，統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略實施工作。

To effectively implement The Outline, the State Council approved in October 2008 the establishment of an inter-ministerial meeting mechanism that involves 28 ministries, including MOFCOM, and takes charge of coordinating the implementation of national IPR strategy.二、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系日臻完善

II.The legal system of IPR is being improved.自上個世紀(jì)70年代以來，中國先后頒布實施了《商標(biāo)法》、《專利法》、《著作權(quán)法》和針對計算機軟件保護(hù)、音像制品管理、植物新品種保護(hù)、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)海關(guān)保護(hù)等方面的法律法規(guī)，并根據(jù)實際需要，不斷進(jìn)行修訂和完善。2004年制定的《著作權(quán)集體管理條例》和2006年制定的《信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播權(quán)保護(hù)條例》，擴大了著作權(quán)的保護(hù)范圍；2004年、2007年出臺的兩個《關(guān)于辦理侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)刑事案件具體應(yīng)用法律若干問題的解釋》，加大了對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)案件的打擊力度。2008年12月，完成了對《專利法》的第三次修改。當(dāng)前，根據(jù)實施《國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略綱要》的要求和國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的需要，《商標(biāo)法》、《著作權(quán)法》和《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》等法律的修改工作也將逐步提上議事日程。

Since 1970s China has promulgated and implemented the Trademark Law, the Patent Law, the Copyright Law and laws and regulations concerning the protection of computer software, management of audio and video products, protection of new species of plants, customs protection of intellectual property, etc.In addition, these laws and regulations have been revised and improved in accordance with actual needs.The Regulations of the Copyright Collective Administration formulated in 2004 and the Regulations on the Protection of the Right of Communication through Information Network formulated in 2006 expanded the scope of copyright protection;The two Interpretations on Several Issues of Specific Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Infringement of Intellectual Rights formulated in 2004 and 2007 strengthened crackdown of IPR infringement cases.In December 2008, the third revision to the Patent Law was completed.Required by the Outline of the National IPR Strategy and the needs of domestic economic and social development, to revise the Trademark Law, the Copyright Law and the Law against Competition through Inappropriate Means will also be put on the work agenda.在不斷完善國內(nèi)立法的同時，中國還積極加入了一系列保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的國際條約，主要包括《伯爾尼公約》、《巴黎公約》、《專利合作條約》、《世界版權(quán)公約》、《世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織版權(quán)條約》、《世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織表演和錄音制品條約》和《修改〈與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定〉議定書》等。

While improving domestic legislations, China also actively joined a series of international treaties concerning IPR protection, including the Berne Convention, the Paris convention, the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Universal Copyright Convention, the WIPO Copyright Treaty, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, and the Protocol on Revising the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights , etc.當(dāng)前，一個適合中國國情、符合國際通行規(guī)則的、比較系統(tǒng)完備的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系已基本形成。

At present, a full-fledged legal system for IPR protection that suits the Chinese reality and conforms to international rules has taken shape.三、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法力度不斷加大

III.Enforcement of IPR protection is being intensified.在不斷完善立法的同時，中國不斷強化執(zhí)法力度，形成了行政執(zhí)法與司法雙軌并行，權(quán)利人維權(quán)、行業(yè)自律、中介服務(wù)和社會監(jiān)督融為一體的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理和執(zhí)法體系。While improving legislation, China has continuously intensified the enforcement and built a double-track system of administrative and judicial enforcement.An IPR management and enforcement regime is set up that integrates the safeguarding the rights of IPR holders, self-discipline of industries, intermediary services and social supervision.就行政執(zhí)法而言，中國政府采取“日常執(zhí)法”與“專項行動”相結(jié)合的方法。一方面，行政執(zhí)法部門依法進(jìn)行日常監(jiān)管，另一方面，針對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的重點領(lǐng)域、重要環(huán)節(jié)等，不斷開展各類專項行動。

On administrative enforcement, the Chinese government adopted a method that combines day-to-day enforcement and special operations.On the one hand, the administrative enforcement authorities carry out day-to-day supervision in accordance with law.On the other hand, special operations are conducted targeting on the key areas of IPR protection.在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)司法方面，2007年1月，最高人民法院下發(fā)了《關(guān)于全面加強知識產(chǎn)權(quán)審判工作，為建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家提供司法保障的意見》，就全面加強知識產(chǎn)權(quán)審判工作進(jìn)行了全面部署。1987年至2007年，全國法院受理和審結(jié)的一審知識產(chǎn)權(quán)行政案件，分別為4675件和4613件。2003年至2007年間，全國各地方知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局共受理各類專利糾紛案件6427件，查處假冒他人專利案件919件，查處冒充專利案件8152件。刑事方面，2008年，檢查機關(guān)共受理提請批準(zhǔn)逮捕涉及侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)犯罪案件1407件2565人，共受理移送審查起訴涉及侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)犯罪案件1770件3482人。

On judicial enforcement, the Supreme People's Court(SPC)issued in January 2007 the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening the Trials of IPR Cases and Provide Judicial Guarantee for the Construction of An Innovative Country which provides a comprehensive plan for strengthening trials of IPR cases.Between 1987 and 2007, 4675 IPR-related administrative cases were accepted by courts throughout the country and 4613 cases were brought to trial and concluded.Between 2003 and 2007, local IPR offices accepted and heard 6427 patent disputes, and 919 cases of patent counterfeiting and 8152 cases of bogus patents were investigated.With regard to criminal cases, 1407 criminal cases of IPR infringement that involve 2565 persons were submitted for approval of arrest, and 1770 criminal cases of IPR infringement that involve 3482 persons were accepted and transferred for trials by procuratorial offices in 2008.值得注意的是，在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)行政執(zhí)法和司法并行運作中，執(zhí)法部門非常注重行政執(zhí)法與刑事司法的相互銜接。最高人民檢察院推動建立了“網(wǎng)上銜接、信息共享”機制，督促涉嫌侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)犯罪案件及時移送；公安部還分別與海關(guān)總署、工商總局、版權(quán)局等簽訂了執(zhí)法合作協(xié)議。在執(zhí)法體系方面，海關(guān)設(shè)立了專門的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)機構(gòu)，初步形成了海關(guān)總署-直屬海關(guān)-隸屬海關(guān)三級知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法體系；人民法院建立健全了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)審判組織，各高級法院、中級法院以及具有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)民事案件管轄權(quán)的基層法院都設(shè)立了專門的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)審判庭，目前已達(dá)172個。

It is worth noting that law enforcement departments pay extra attention to the coordination between administrative enforcement and criminal justice in dealing with IPR cases.The Supreme People's Procuratorate has led in the introduction of the mechanism for “online coordination and information sharing” to urge the timely transfer of criminal IPR cases;the Ministry of Public Security has signed joint enforcement protocols with the General Administration of Customs(GAC), State Administration for Industry and Commerce, National Copyright Administration and other departments.Institution-wise, the GAC has set up specialized IPR protection agencies and put in place a three-layer IPR enforcement system, consisting of the GAC, its direct subsidiaries and affiliates;the SPC has designed and perfected the framework for IPR trials, and all higher courts, intermediate court, and grass-roots courts that have jurisdiction over civil IPR cases have created up to 172 ad hoc tribunals for IPR cases.四、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)統(tǒng)籌監(jiān)督能力日益增強

IV.Supervision and coordination around IPR protection is being enhanced.從2006年開始，中國連續(xù)三年頒布了《保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)行動計劃》，其中共涉及到717項具體措施，內(nèi)容涵蓋了立法、執(zhí)法、審判、機制建設(shè)、宣傳、培訓(xùn)教育、國際交流與合作、企業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、為權(quán)利人提供服務(wù)、專題研究等10個領(lǐng)域。上述700多項措施已全部得到落實。當(dāng)前，為貫徹實施《國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略綱要》，國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局正在牽頭制定《2009年國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略實施計劃》。

Starting in 2006, China has issued three annual Action Plans on IPR Protection, detailing 717 measures in such areas as legislation, enforcement, institutional building, publicity, training & education, international exchanges and cooperation, corporate IPR protection, services to right-holders and thematic study.All the 700-plus measures have been put into practice.In order to implement the Outline of the National IPR Strategy, the State Intellectual Property Office is now leading the effort to formulate the 2009 Implementation Plan for the National IPR Strategy.為方便社會監(jiān)督，我們在全國50個大中城市建立綜合性的保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)舉報投訴服務(wù)中心，開通“12312”舉報投訴電話和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在線舉報投訴窗口，形成了便捷、快速、有效的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)網(wǎng)。

In order to facilitate public oversight, we have set up comprehensive IPR reporting and complaint centers in 50 large and medium-sized cities across China, and opened a tip-line “12312” as well as an online IPR reporting and complaint window, forming an accessible, expeditious and effective IPR protection network.五、全社會知識產(chǎn)權(quán)意識不斷提高

V.Public awareness about IPR is growing.培養(yǎng)和提高知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)意識是我們工作的基礎(chǔ)，也是工作的重點。

Building and raising IPR awareness is the basis and focus of our efforts.中國政府高度重視知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的宣傳普及工作，中央和地方每年都組織大量活動。從2004年開始，在 “世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日”（4月26日）前后，在全國范圍內(nèi)開展“保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)宣傳周”活動。有關(guān)部門舉辦了“骨干企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人員保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)專題研討班”，啟動了“百千萬知識產(chǎn)權(quán)人才工程"等一系列宣傳教育和普法教育活動，通過“中國保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)成果展覽會”、等形式多樣的活動，以及創(chuàng)辦中國保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)網(wǎng)等方式，在全社會大力倡導(dǎo)以“尊重知識，崇尚創(chuàng)新，誠信守法”為核心的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)文化理念。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to IPR outreach and publicity.The central and local governments would organize a lot of such activities around the year.Since 2004, an IPR Protection Week has been staged around the World Intellectual Property Day(April 26)throughout the country.Relevant departments have hosted a series of outreach and educational events, such as the “Corporate Chiefs’ Seminar on IPR Protection” and the “Hundred, Thousand, and Ten Thousand IPR Talents Program”.Through a diverse range of activities such as the China IPR Achievements Show, and by means of launching the China IPR protection website, the government has been spreading the key IPR message of “respecting knowledge, encouraging innovation, honoring credit-worthiness and abiding by law”.改革開放30年來，通過不斷的努力，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)在中國正得到全社會越來越廣泛的認(rèn)同。由于時間所限，就中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀，我就介紹以上內(nèi)容。當(dāng)然，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能囊括中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)工作的全部。下個月中歐還將舉行第5次知識產(chǎn)權(quán)對話，雙方政府部門的代表可以繼續(xù)就知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行深入的交流與探討。After three decades of reform and opening-up and through unremitting efforts, IPR protection is now gaining broader public support in China.Due to time constraints, I have to finish that overview on the current status of IPR protection in China.That being said, my summary is only part of the whole story.Next month, the 5th China-EU IPR Dialogue will take place, which is another forum for both governments to continue to in-depth experience-sharing and discussion on IPR protection.女士們，先生們，Ladies and Gentlemen, 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)一直是中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中的重要話題之一，我們充分理解雙方對此的關(guān)注。中方非常重視與歐方開展知識產(chǎn)權(quán)交流、對話與合作，如何能夠做得更好，借此機會，我愿談點看法，與大家探討。

IPR protection has always been one of the most important topics in China-Europe trade and economic relations, and we fully understand the concerns the two sides draw to this issue.China highly values IPR exchange, dialogue and cooperation with the EU.And to make this partnership more productive, I would like to make a few extra points.第一，中國保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的決心是堅定的。First, China is determined to protect IPR.中國經(jīng)濟社會持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的作用越來越突出。保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)不僅是改善投資環(huán)境、提高開放水平的需要，更是增強自主創(chuàng)新能力、建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家的需要。加強知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，符合中國自身發(fā)展的長遠(yuǎn)利益，也是保護(hù)創(chuàng)新與研發(fā)的迫切要求，中國政府的決心是堅定不移的。

IPR is playing a more salient role in promoting sustained and rapid socioeconomic development in China.IPR protection not only shows a drive to improve the investment climate and increase openness, but also caters to the need of enhancing indigenous innovation and building an innovative nation.Strengthening IPR protection serves China’s long-term interest and the strong urge for protecting innovation and R&D.In this regard, the Chinese government has unwavering determination.第二，中國保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)所取得的成績是巨大的。

Second, China has come a long way in IPR protection.知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)離不開中國的國情。中國還是一個發(fā)展中國家，面臨著很多發(fā)展中問題。盡管如此，中國在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面依然投入了大量人力、物力，取得了顯著成效。IPR protection cannot depart from China’s national conditions.Still a developing country, China faces many developmental problems.Notwithstanding that, China has committed tremendous manpower and resources to IPR protection, and has made remarkable achievements.第三，中歐雙方應(yīng)加強知識產(chǎn)權(quán)交流、對話與合作。

Third, China and the EU should strengthen IPR exchange, dialogue and cooperation.作為一個發(fā)展中國家，中國在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)領(lǐng)域還有大量的工作要做，《國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略綱要》也明確了戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)、重點和相應(yīng)的措施。對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的問題，中國是以高度負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度來處理的。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是一個國際性問題，相互指責(zé)并不能解決問題，合作與對話應(yīng)成為解決問題的最佳途徑。

As a developing country, China still has a lot more work to do in the IPR field.The Outline of the National IPR Strategy further defines the strategic objectives, priorities and corresponding measures in this regard.China has reacted responsibly to every issue arising on IPR.However, IPR protection is a global task.Pointing fingers at each other will not solve the problem.Cooperation and dialogue is the best solution.女士們，先生們，Ladies and gentlemen, 面對不斷蔓延的金融危機，加強合作，共同抵制貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義，正成為國際社會的共同心聲。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是中歐雙方共同關(guān)注的重要問題，我相信，隨著對話與交流的不斷深入，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)將會成為雙方合作的一個亮點。我希望歐方能夠繼續(xù)對中國給予理解、支持和幫助，與中方攜手同前，共克時艱，不斷深化知識產(chǎn)權(quán)合作，共同提高知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)水平，推動中歐經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系健康穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。

In the face of the escalating financial crisis, there is an increasing international consensus on strengthening cooperation and resisting trade protectionism.IPR is a key topic of mutual interest to both Europe and China.I believe, as dialogue and communication goes deeper, IPR will become a highlight of our cooperation.I hope the EU could continue to understand, support and assist China, work with China to overcome the current difficulties, deepen IPR cooperation, and enable greater IPR protection, so as to promote the healthy and steady development of China-Europe trade and economic relations.謝謝！Thank you!

第二篇：哈佛大學(xué)演講(中英對照)英語口語

The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination 失敗的好處與想象的重要

Harvard University Commencement Address

J.K.Rowling

President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates, 福斯特主席，哈佛公司和監(jiān)察委員會的各位成員，各位老師、家長、全體畢業(yè)生們： The first thing I would like to say is “thank you.” Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I’ve endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight.A win-win situation!Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world’s largest Gryffindors' reunion.首先請允許我說一聲謝謝。哈佛不僅給了我無上的榮譽，連日來為這個演講經(jīng)受的恐懼和緊張，更令我減肥成功。這真是一個雙贏的局面?，F(xiàn)在我要做的就是深呼吸幾下，瞇著眼睛看看前面的大紅橫幅，安慰自己正在世界上最大的魔法學(xué)院聚會上。

Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility;or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation.The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock.Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can't remember a single word she said.This liberating discovery enables me 更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cning a gay wizard.發(fā)表畢業(yè)演說是一個巨大的責(zé)任，至少在我回憶自己當(dāng)年的畢業(yè)典禮前是這么認(rèn)為的。那天做演講的是英國著名的哲學(xué)家Baroness Mary Warnock，對她演講的回憶，對我寫今天的演講稿，產(chǎn)生了極大的幫助，因為我不記得她說過的任何一句話了。這個發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我釋然，讓我不再擔(dān)心我可能會無意中影響你放棄在商業(yè)，法律或政治上的大好前途，轉(zhuǎn)而醉心于成為一個快樂的魔法師。

You see? If all you remember in years to come is the 'gay wizard' joke, I've still come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock.Achievable goals-the first step to self-improvement.你們看，如果在若干年后你們還記得“快樂的魔法師”這個笑話，那就證明我已經(jīng)超越了Baroness Mary Warnock。建立可實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)——這是提高自我的第一步。

Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today.I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that has expired between that day and this.實際上，我為今天應(yīng)該和大家談些什么絞盡了腦汁。我問自己什么是我希望早在畢業(yè)典禮上就該了解的，而從那時起到現(xiàn)在的21年間，我又得到了什么重要的啟示。

I have come up with two answers.On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure.And as you stand on the threshold of what is sometimes 更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cnfortable experience for the 42-year-old that she has become.Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.回顧21歲剛剛畢業(yè)時的自己，對于今天42歲的我來說，是一個稍微不太舒服的經(jīng)歷。可以說，我人生的前一部分，一直掙扎在自己的雄心和身邊的人對我的期望之間。I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels.However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension.我一直深信，自己唯一想做的事情，就是寫小說。不過，我的父母，他們都來自貧窮的背景，沒有任何一人上過大學(xué)，堅持認(rèn)為我過度的想象力是一個令人驚訝的個人怪癖，根本不足以讓我支付按揭，或者取得足夠的養(yǎng)老金。

I know the irony strikes like with the force of a cartoon anvil now, but… 我現(xiàn)在明白反諷就像用卡通鐵砧去打擊你，但...更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cnpromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages.Hardly had my parents' car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.他們希望我去拿個職業(yè)學(xué)位，而我想去攻讀英國文學(xué)。最后，達(dá)成了一個雙方都不甚滿意的妥協(xié)：我改學(xué)現(xiàn)代語言?？墒堑鹊礁改敢蛔唛_，我立刻放棄了德語而報名學(xué)習(xí)古典文學(xué)。I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics;they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day.Of all the subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.我不記得將這事告訴了父母，他們可能是在我畢業(yè)典禮那一天才發(fā)現(xiàn)的。我想，在全世界的所有專業(yè)中，他們也許認(rèn)為，不會有比研究希臘神話更沒用的專業(yè)了，根本無法換來一間獨立寬敞的衛(wèi)生間。

I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view.There is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction;the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you.What is more, I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty.They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience.Poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression;it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships.Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that 更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cne to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.最終，我們所有人都必須自己決定什么算作失敗，但如果你愿意，世界是相當(dāng)渴望給你一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。所以我承認(rèn)命運的公平，從任何傳統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看，在我畢業(yè)僅僅七年后的日子里，我的失敗達(dá)到了史詩般空前的規(guī)模：短命的婚姻閃電般地破裂，我又失業(yè)成了一個艱難的單更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cnplicated, and beyond anyone's total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.如果給我一部時間機器，我會告訴21歲的自己，人的幸福在于知道生活不是一份漂亮的成績單，你的資歷、簡歷，都不是你的生活，雖然你會碰到很多與我同齡或更老一點的人今天依然還在混淆兩者。生活是艱辛的，復(fù)雜的，超出任何人的控制能力，而謙恭地了解這一點，將使你歷經(jīng)滄桑后能夠更好的生存。

You might think that I chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life, but that is not wholly so.Though I will defend the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp, I have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense.Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation.In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathise with humans whose experiences we have never shared.對于第二個主題的選擇——想象力的重要性——你們可能會認(rèn)為是因為它對我重建生活起到了幫助，但事實并非完全如此。雖然我愿誓死捍衛(wèi)睡前要給孩子講故事的價值觀，我對想象力的理解已經(jīng)有了更廣泛的含義。想象力不僅僅是人類設(shè)想還不存在的事物這種獨特更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cne to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those who they had left behind.我有很多的同事是前政治犯，他們已離開家園流離失所，或逃亡流放，因為他們敢于懷疑政府、獨立思考。來我們辦公室的訪客，包括那些前來提供信息，或想設(shè)法知道那些被迫留下的同志發(fā)生了什么事的人。

I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland.He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him.He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child.I was given the job of escorting him to the Underground Station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered by cruelty took my hand with exquisite courtesy, and wished me future happiness.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記一個非洲酷刑的受害者，一名當(dāng)時還沒有我大的年輕男子，他因在故鄉(xiāng)的經(jīng)歷而精神錯亂。在攝像機前講述被殘暴地摧殘的時候，他顫抖失控。他比我高一英尺，卻看上去像一個脆弱的兒童。我被安排隨后護(hù)送他到地鐵站，這名生活已被殘酷地打亂的男子，小心翼翼地握著我的手，祝我未來生活幸福。

Many of my co-workers were ex-political prisoners, people who had been displaced from their homes, or fled into exile, because they had the temerity to think independently of their government.Visitors to our office included those who had come to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those 更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cne mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland.He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him.He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child.I was given the job of escorting him to the Underground Station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered by cruelty took my hand with exquisite courtesy, and wished me future happiness.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記一個非洲酷刑的受害者，一名當(dāng)時還沒有我大的年輕男子，他因在故鄉(xiāng)的經(jīng)歷而精神錯亂。在攝像機前講述被殘暴地摧殘的時候，他顫抖失控。他比我高一英尺，卻看上去像一個脆弱的兒童。我被安排隨后護(hù)送他到地鐵站，這名生活已被殘酷地打亂的男子，小心翼翼地握著我的手，祝我未來生活幸福。

And as long as I live I shall remember walking along an empty corridor and suddenly hearing, from behind a closed door, a scream of pain and horror such as I have never heard since.The door opened, and the researcher poked out her head and told me to run and make a hot drink for the young man sitting with her.She had just given him the news that in retaliation for his own outspokenness against his country's regime, his mother had been seized and executed.只要我活著，我就會記得，在一個空蕩蕩的的走廊，突然從背后的門里，傳來我從未聽更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cnfortably within the bounds of their own experience, never troubling to wonder how it would feel to have been born other than they are.They can refuse to hear screams or to peer inside cages;they can close their minds and hearts to any suffering that does not touch them personally;they can refuse to know.而很多人選擇不去使用他們的想象力。他們選擇留在自己舒適的世界里，從來不愿花力氣去想想如果生在別處會怎樣。他們可以拒絕去聽別人的尖叫，看一眼囚禁的籠子；他們可更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cnmitting an act of outright evil ourselves, we collude with it, through our own apathy.更甚的是，那些選擇不去同情的人，可能會激活真正的怪獸。因為盡管自己沒有犯下罪惡，我們卻通過冷漠與之勾結(jié)。

One of the many things I learned at the end of that Classics corridor down which I ventured at the age of 18, in search of something I could not then define, was this, written by the Greek author Plutarch: What we achieve inwardly will change outer reality.我18歲開始從古典文學(xué)中汲取許多知識，其中之一當(dāng)時并不完全理解，那就是希臘作家普魯塔克所說：我們內(nèi)心獲得的，將改變外在的現(xiàn)實。

That is an astonishing statement and yet proven a thousand times every day of our lives.It expresses, in part, our inescapable connection with the outside world, the fact that we touch other people's lives simply by existing.更多出國考試資料下載：http://004km.cne again, and, of course, by the knowledge that we held certain photographic evidence that would be exceptionally valuable if any of us ran for Prime Minister.我的演講要接近尾聲了。對你們，我有最后一個希望，也是我21歲時就有的。畢業(yè)那天坐在我身邊的朋友現(xiàn)在是我終身的摯交，他們是我孩子的教父母，是在我遇到麻煩時愿意伸出援手，在我用他們的名字給哈利波特中的“食死徒”起名而不會起訴我的朋友。我們在畢業(yè)典禮時坐在了一起，因為我們關(guān)系親密，擁有共同的永遠(yuǎn)無法再來的經(jīng)歷，當(dāng)然，也因為假想要是我們中的任何人競選首相，那照片將是極為寶貴的關(guān)系證明。

So today, I can wish you nothing better than similar friendships.And tomorrow, I hope that even if you remember not a single word of mine, you remember those of Seneca, another of those old Romans I met when I fled down the Classics corridor, in retreat from career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom: 更多出國考試資料下載：http://www.manfen.net/topic-download.html 所以今天我可以給你們的，沒有比擁有知己更好的祝福了。明天，我希望即使你們不記得我說的任何一個字，你們還能記得哲學(xué)家塞內(nèi)加的一句至理明言。我當(dāng)年沒有順著事業(yè)的階梯向上攀爬，轉(zhuǎn)而與他在古典文學(xué)的殿堂相遇，他的古老智慧給了我人生的啟迪： As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.生活就像故事一樣：不在乎長短，而在于質(zhì)量，這才是最重要的。I wish you all very good lives.我祝愿你們都有美好的生活。Thank you very much.非常感謝大家。

更多出國考試資料下載：http://www.manfen.net/topic-download.html

第三篇：TED演講中英對照3

My job is to design, build and study robots that communicate with people.But this story doesn't start with robotics at all, it starts with animation.When I first saw Pixar's “Luxo Jr.,” I was amazed by how much emotion they could put into something as trivial as a desk lamp.I mean, look at them--at the end of this movie, you actually feel something for two pieces of furniture.(Laughter)And I said, I have to learn how to do this.So I made a really bad career decision.And that's what my mom was like when I did it.(Laughter)I left a very cozy tech job in Israel at a nice software company and I moved to New York to study animation.And there I lived in a collapsing apartment building in Harlem with roommates.I'm not using this phrase metaphorically, the ceiling actually collapsed one day in our living room.Whenever they did those news stories about building violations in New York, they would put the report in front of our building.As kind of like a backdrop to show how bad things are.我的工作是設(shè)計、構(gòu)造和研究 那些能夠與人交流的機器人。不過這個故事不是從機器人說起，而是要從動畫說起。當(dāng)我第一次看到皮克斯的《頑皮跳跳燈》電影時，我驚呆了，一個如此微不足道的臺燈 竟能表現(xiàn)如此多的感情。你看他們??！電影結(jié)尾的時候，你真的開始喜歡上這兩件小小的家具了。（笑聲）我對自己說，我要學(xué)會做這樣的東西。所以我做了一個很壞的職業(yè)決策，我做出這個決定的時候，我媽媽就是這樣的。（笑聲）我辭去了在以色列一個軟件公司的 一份非常舒服的技術(shù)工作，我搬到了紐約 去學(xué)習(xí)動畫。在那，我和我的室友住在 哈萊姆一棟即將坍塌的公寓樓里。我沒有夸張，有一天天花板真的塌下來了 就塌在了我們的客廳里。每次報到紐約的違章建筑時，他們都會跑到們的大樓下進(jìn)行采訪。就好像讓你看看現(xiàn)場有多糟糕一樣。

Anyway, during the day I went to school and at night I would sit and draw frame by frame of pencil animation.And I learned two surprising lessons--one of them was that when you want to arouse emotions, it doesn't matter so much how something looks, it's all in the motion--it's in the timing of how the thing moves.And the second, was something one of our teachers told us.He actually did the weasel in Ice Age.And he said: “As an animator you are not a director, you're an actor.” So, if you want to find the right motion for a character, don't think about it, go use your body to find it--stand in front of a mirror, act it out in front of a camera--whatever you need.And then put it back in your character.言歸正傳，我上學(xué)的日日夜夜，我不停地一幅又一幅地用鉛筆畫著畫。我學(xué)到了兩個讓我驚訝的東西—— 其中一個是： 當(dāng)你想要喚起某些情感時，外觀并不算太重要，關(guān)鍵是動作——物體運動時，對時間的把握。關(guān)鍵是動作——物體運動時，對時間的把握。第二個是我們的一個老師告訴我們的。他正是電影《冰河世紀(jì)》的黃鼠狼。他說： ”作為一個動畫制作者，你不是一個導(dǎo)演，而是一個演員?！?所以如果你要為一個角色找到正確的肢體語言，不要想，用你的身體找到它，站在鏡子面前，攝像機前，演出來，無論你需要做什么。然后再把這個動作放在你的角色上。

A year later I found myself at MIT in the robotic life group, it was one of the first groups researching the relationships between humans and robots.And I still had this dream to make an actual, physical Luxo Jr.lamp.But I found that robots didn't move at all in this engaging way that I was used to for my animation studies.Instead, they were all--how should I put it, they were all kind of robotic.(Laughter)And I thought, what if I took whatever I learned in animation school, and used that to design my robotic desk lamp.So I went and designed frame by frame to try to make this robot as graceful and engaging as possible.And here when you see the robot interacting with me on a desktop.And I'm actually redesigning the robot so, unbeknownst to itself, it's kind of digging its own grave by helping me.(Laughter)I wanted it to be less of a mechanical structure giving me light, and more of a helpful, kind of quiet apprentice that's always there when you need it and doesn't really interfere.And when, for example, I'm looking for a battery that I can't find, in a subtle way, it will show me where the battery is.So you can see my confusion here.I'm not an actor.And I want you to notice how the same mechanical structure can at one point, just by the way it moves seem gentle and caring--and in the other case, seem violent and confrontational.And it's the same structure, just the motion is different.Actor: “You want to know something? Well, you want to know something? He was already dead!Just laying there, eyes glazed over!”(Laughter)But, moving in graceful ways is just one building block of this whole structure called human-robot interaction.I was at the time doing my Ph.D., I was working on human robot teamwork;teams of humans and robots working together.I was studying the engineering, the psychology, the philosophy of teamwork.And at the same time I found myself in my own kind of teamwork situation with a good friend of mine who is actually here.And in that situation we can easily imagine robots in the near future being there with us.It was after a Passover seder.We were folding up a lot of folding chairs, and I was amazed at how quickly we found our own rhythm.Everybody did their own part.We didn't have to divide our tasks.We didn't have to communicate verbally about this.It all just happened.And I thought, humans and robots don't look at all like this.When humans and robots interact, it's much more like a chess game.The human does a thing, the robot analyzes whatever the human did, then the robot decides what to do next, plans it and does it.And then the human waits, until it's their turn again.So, it's much more like a chess game and that makes sense because chess is great for mathematicians and computer scientists.It's all about information analysis, decision making and planning.一年以后，我去了麻省理工大學(xué)（MIT）的 機器人生命小組，這是最早 開始研究人類和機器人關(guān)系的小組之一。我依然懷揣著要造一個 真正的、可觸碰的頑皮跳跳燈的夢想。但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)機器人完全不是 按照我的動畫課程中的那種 引人入勝的方式移動。相反的，他們都—— 該怎么說呢？他們都有點兒機械化。（笑聲）我就想，如果我可以把我在動畫學(xué)校學(xué)到的東西 應(yīng)用于設(shè)計我的機器人臺燈會怎樣？ 因此我設(shè)計了一幅又一幅，試圖讓這個機器人 盡量優(yōu)雅、有吸引力。這里你可以看到這個桌子上的機器人 在跟我互動，我其實是在重新設(shè)計這個機器人，而這個機器人完全不知道，它幫我，其實是在自掘墳?zāi)鼓?。（笑聲）比起把他它做成一個照明的機械，比起把他它做成一個照明的機械，我更想要一個能幫忙的、安靜的學(xué)徒，隨時滿足你的需求卻不打擾你。比如，當(dāng)我要找一個我怎么也 找不到的電池時，它可以巧妙地提醒我電池在哪里。你看到我的困惑了嗎？ 我不是一個演員。我希望你們注意到，同一個機械如何 在前一刻非常溫柔、充滿關(guān)懷，在前一刻非常溫柔、充滿關(guān)懷，下一刻又顯得非常暴力，有進(jìn)攻性。一模一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，改變的僅僅是動作。演員：”你想知道嗎？你真的想知道嗎？ 他已經(jīng)死了！他就躺在那里，目光呆滯！“（笑聲）但是，以一種優(yōu)雅的方式移動只是這整個 人類機器人互動結(jié)構(gòu)的一塊基石。那時候我正在攻讀我的博士學(xué)位，我正在研究人類與機器人的團隊合作，也就是人類和機器人一起合作。我在學(xué)習(xí)團隊合作的工程學(xué)，心理學(xué)和哲學(xué)。同時，我意識到自己 和我的一個好朋友（他今天也在這里），也碰到了一個團隊合作的情境。在那個情境中，我們很容易想象 不久的將來機器人會和我們在一起。那是在一個逾越節(jié)家宴結(jié)束后，我們要收起大量的折疊椅，我驚訝于我們迅速找到了各自的節(jié)奏。每個人都做了自己的那部分，無需分工，無需特意口頭溝通。就這樣發(fā)生了。于是我想，人類和機器人的互動卻完全不是這樣。當(dāng)人類和機器人互動的時候，就好像他們在下象棋。人類走一步，機器人對此分析一下，然后機器人決定接下來怎么做，計劃好，走下一步。這時候人類就等著，直到輪到他們玩為止。所以，人類和機器人的互動更像下象棋，這很好理解，因為 對數(shù)學(xué)家和計算機科學(xué)家來說，象棋很好，它們都是關(guān)于信息分析、決策制定和計劃。

But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player, and more like a doer that just clicks and works together.So I made my second horrible career choice: I decided to study acting for a semester.I took off from a Ph.D.I went to acting classes.I actually participated in a play, I hope theres no video of that around still.And I got every book I could find about acting, including one from the 19th century that I got from the library.And I was really amazed because my name was the second name on the list--the previous name was in 1889.(Laughter)And this book was kind of waiting for 100 years to be rediscovered for robotics.And this book shows actors how to move every muscle in the body to match every kind of emotion that they want to express.但比起象棋玩家，我更希望我的機器人是一個行動者，但比起象棋玩家，我更希望我的機器人是一個行動者，可以和人類有默契地一起工作。于是我做了我人生中的第二個糟糕的職業(yè)決策： 我決定學(xué)習(xí)一學(xué)期的表演課程。我放下了我的博士課程，去上了表演課。我還參與了一個戲劇，希望現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找不到那個視頻了。我找到了每一本關(guān)于表演的書，其中包括一本從圖書館里借來的 19世紀(jì)的書。我震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)我的名字是借閱者名單上的第二個，之前的一個名字是1889年。（笑聲）這本書已經(jīng)躺了100年了，只為了借機器人之名被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。這本書教演員 如何調(diào)動他們身體上的每塊肌肉 來表達(dá)他們想要表達(dá)的情感。

But the real revelation was when I learned about method acting.It became very popular in the 20th century.And method acting said, you don't have to plan every muscle in your body.Instead you have to use your body to find the right movement.You have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions and kind of think with your body to find the right expression.Improvise, play off yor scene partner.And this came at the same time as I was reading about this trend in cognitive psychology called embodied cognition.Which also talks about the same ideas--We use our bodies to think, we don't just think with our brains and use our bodies to move.but our bodies feed back into our brain to generate the way that we behave.And it was like a lightning bolt.I went back to my office.I wrote this paper--which I never really published called “Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence.” And I even took another month to do what was then the first theater play with a human and a robot acting together.That's what you saw before with the actors.And I thought: How can we make an artificial intelligence model--computer, computational model--that will model some of these ideas of improvisation, of taking risks, of taking chances, even of making mistakes.Maybe it can make for better robotic teammates.So I worked for quite a long time on these models and I implemented them on a number of robots.Here you can see a very early example with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence, to try to match my movements as closely as possible, sort of like a game.Let's look at it.You can see when I psych it out, it gets fooled.And it's a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right synchrony between them.And then, I did another experiment, and I got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp, and try out this idea of embodied artificial intelligence.So, I actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot.The robot is the same lamp that you saw, and I put in it two brains.For one half of the people, I put in a brain that's kind of the traditional, calculated robotic brain.It waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it plans.Let's call it the calculated brain.The other got more the stage actor, risk taker brain.Let's call it the adventurous brain.It sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to know.It sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them.And I had them do this very tedious task that took almost 20 minutes and they had to work together.Somehow simulating like a factory job of repetitively doing the same thing.And what I found was that people actually loved the adventurous robot.And they thought it was more intelligent, more committed, a better member of the team, contributed to the success of the team more.They even called it 'he' and 'she,' whereas people with the calculated brain called it 'it.' And nobody ever called it 'he' or 'she'.When they talked about it after the task with the adventurous brain, they said, “By the end, we were good friends and high-fived mentally.” Whatever that means.(Laughter)Sounds painful.Whereas the people with the calculated brain said it was just like a lazy apprentice.It only did what it was supposed to do and nothing more.Which is almost what people expect robots to do, so I was surprised that people had higher expectations of robots, than what anybody in robotics thought robots should be doing.And in a way, I thought, maybe it's time--just like method acting changed the way people thought about acting in the 19th century, from going from the very calculated, planned way of behaving, to a more intuitive, risk-taking, embodied way of behaving.Maybe it's time for robots to have the same kind of revolution.真正讓我受到啟示的是 方法演技。它在20世紀(jì)的時候非常流行。方法演技指出，你不需要安排你的每一塊肌肉，相反，你可以用你的身體找到對的動作。你應(yīng)該運用你的感覺記憶，去重新建構(gòu)情感，用你的身體找到對的表情。即興發(fā)揮，根據(jù)你的場景搭檔即興表演。這個時候我也正讀到 認(rèn)知心理學(xué)關(guān)于具身認(rèn)知的東西，這也談到同樣的觀點—— 即我們用我們的身體思考，我們并不是用大腦思考用身體表現(xiàn)，而是我們的身體反饋給大腦 并做出相應(yīng)的動作，這對我好像一道閃電。我馬上回了我的辦公室。我寫了這篇論文，從來也沒發(fā)表過，叫做《人工智能的表演課》。我甚至花了一個月的時間 去做當(dāng)時第一部由人類和機器人 一起主演的戲劇。你之前看到的演員和機器人的表演就是這部戲劇。當(dāng)時我就想： 我們怎樣可以做出這樣的人工智能模型—— 計算機、計算機模型等等，它們會即興發(fā)揮、會冒險、甚至?xí)稿e。它可能會是更好的機器人隊友。因此我花了很多時間去研究這些模型，我還在幾個機器人身上做了試驗。這里你可以看到一個早期的例子，這個機器人試圖運用具身人工智能 來盡量模仿我的動作，就好像一個游戲。我們來看一下。你可以看到我可以糊弄它。有點像你可能看到的演員們 互相模仿對方 只為了找到他們之間的默契。然后，我又做了另外一個實驗，我從大街上拉人來使用這個機器人臺燈，試驗具身人工智能。其實，同樣的機器人我用了兩個大腦，機器人就是你看到的這個臺燈，我給了它兩個大腦。對一半的人，我放入了一個傳統(tǒng)的、機械計算的大腦。它會等，會分析，會計劃，我們暫且稱它為“會計算的大腦”。給另一半人則是那個舞臺演員、愛冒險的大腦，我們暫且稱它為“愛冒險的大腦”，有的時候它在并不知道所有事情的時候行動，有的時候它會犯錯然后去糾正。我讓他們完成一項無比乏味的任務(wù)，這個任務(wù)要花近20分鐘，他們必須一起合作完成，有點類似在工廠工作，機械地重復(fù)一件事情。我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們非常喜歡 那個“愛冒險的機器人”。他們覺得它非常聰明，非常忠心，是一個很好的團隊成員，一起幫助團隊成功。他們甚至稱它為“他”和“她”，而另外那些人稱那個“會計算的機器人”為“它”，沒有人稱它為“他”或“她”。任務(wù)完成后，那些與“會冒險的大腦”互動的人說： “最后，我們成了好朋友，還在腦內(nèi)舉手擊掌了。” 不管那是啥意思……（笑聲）聽上去很…（口齒不清）然而，那些與“會計算的大腦”互動的人 則說“它就像一個懶徒弟，只做最基本的。“ 這基本上和同人對機器人期待一樣，所以我有些驚訝，比起那些機器人研究專家，人們居然對機器人有更高的期望。但從另一個角度，我又想，也許就像方法演技改變了 19世紀(jì)人們思考表演的方式一樣，是時間改變這種通過精確計算的 行為方式，而轉(zhuǎn)向一種更直覺的、冒險的、用身體表現(xiàn)的行為方式。也許類似的 機器人革命時間到了。A few years later, I was at my next research job at Georgia Tech in Atlanta, and I was working in a group dealing with robotic musicians.And I thought, music, that's the perfect place to look at teamwork, coordination, timing, improvisation--and we just got this robot playing marimba.Marimba, for everybody who was like me, it was this huge, wooden xylophone.And, when I was looking at this, I looked at other works in human-robot improvisation--yes, there are other works in human-robot improvisation--and they were also a little bit like a chess game.The human would play, the robot would analyze what was played, would improvise their own part.So, this is what musicians called a call and response interaction, and it also fits very well, robots and artificial intelligence.But I thought, if I use the same ideas I used in the theater play and in the teamwork studies, maybe I can make the robots jam together like a band.Everybody's riffing off each other, nobody is stopping it for a moment.And so, I tried to do the same things, this time with music, where the robot doesn't really know what it's about to play.It just sort of moves its body and uses opportunities to play, And does what my jazz teacher when I was 17 taught me.She said, when you improvise, sometimes you don't know what you're doing and you're still doing it.And so I tried to make a robot that doesn't actually know what it's doing, but it's still doing it.So let's look at a few seconds from this performance.Where the robot listens to the human musician and improvises.And then, look at how the human musician also responds to what the robot is doing, and picking up from its behavior.And at some point can even be surprised by what the robot came up with.(Music)(Applause)幾年后，我在亞特蘭大的喬治理工大學(xué)做研究，我在一個研究機器人音樂家的 小組工作。我想，音樂是可以很好的 研究團隊合作、配合、時間分配和即興表演的領(lǐng)域，我們有這個玩馬林巴的機器人。和我一樣對樂器不在行的朋友，馬林巴是 一個巨大的木琴。我看著這個，又看了那些其它的人類和機器人的即興互動，——沒錯，還有其它人和機器人即興互動的項目—— 都差不多也是一個個象棋游戲式的互動。人類走一步，機器人對此分析，然后決定下一步。音樂家們稱其為 呼叫和應(yīng)答互動，作為機器人和人工智能，這很合適。但是我想，如果我可以運用 戲劇表演和團隊合作中的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，也許我可以讓這些機器人 組成一個樂隊，每個人都在即興發(fā)揮，沒有人需要停下來。于是這次我嘗試用音樂做試驗，機器人并不知道 它會演奏什么，它就這樣移動它的身體，找機會演奏，做著我17歲時候的爵士老師教我的事情。她說，當(dāng)你即興表演的時候，有的時候，你并不知道你在做什么，但是你還是繼續(xù)做。于是我嘗試做一個不知道自己在做什么 卻仍然繼續(xù)做的機器人。讓我們來看一下這個表演的一個小片段。機器人聽人類音樂家演奏 然后即興發(fā)揮。接著，看人類音樂家如何 回應(yīng)機器人的行為，回應(yīng)機器人的行為，有時甚至被機器人的表現(xiàn)驚訝。（音樂）（掌聲）

Being a musician is not just about making notes, otherwise nobody would ever go see a live show.Musicians also communicate with their bodies, with other band members, with the audience, they use their bodies to express the music.And I thought, we already have a robot musician on stage, why not make it be a full-fledged musician.And I started designing a socially expressive head for the robot.The head does't actually touch the marimba, it just expresses what the music is like.These are some napkin sketches from a bar in Atlanta, that was dangerously located exactly halfway between my lab and my home.(Laughter)So I spent, I would say on average, three to four hours a day there.I think.(Laughter)And I went back to my animation tools and tried to figure out not just what a robotic musician would look like, but especially what a robotic musician would move like.To sort of show that it doesn't like what the other person is playing--and maybe show whatever beat it's feeling at the moment.作為一個音樂家不僅僅是編寫音符，否則沒有人會去看現(xiàn)場表演了。音樂家也用他們的身體交流，和他們的樂隊成員，和觀眾，他們用他們的身體來表現(xiàn)音樂。于是我想，我們已經(jīng)有一個在舞臺上的機器人音樂家，為什么不把它打造成一個真正的音樂家呢？ 于是我開始為機器人設(shè)計一個 可以表現(xiàn)情感的頭部。頭部并不會碰到馬林巴，它只是用來表現(xiàn)音樂是什么樣的。這草圖的紙巾來自亞特蘭大某處一個酒吧，而且酒吧就正好在實驗室和我家的正中間。（笑聲）而且酒吧就正好在實驗室和我家的正中間。（笑聲）我大概平均 每天有3到4個小時的時間在那里，“大概”…（笑聲）我重新拾起了我的動畫工具，試圖想象 不僅僅一個機器人音樂家的樣子，特別是一個機器人音樂家會如何移動它的身體，來告訴人們它不喜歡其他人的演奏，還有它自己當(dāng)下感覺到的節(jié)奏。還有它自己當(dāng)下感覺到的節(jié)奏。

So we ended up actually getting the money to build this robot, which was nice.I'm going to show you now the same kind of performance, this time with a socially expressive head.And notice one thing--how the robot is really showing us the beat it's picking up from the human.We're also giving the human a sense that the robot knows what it's doing.And also how it changes the way it moves as soon as it starts its own solo.(Music)Now it's looking at me to make sure I'm listening.(Music)And now look at the final chord of the piece again, and this time the robot communicates with its body when it's busy doing its own thing.And when it's ready to coordinate the final chord with me.(Music)(Applause)幸運的是，我們最終還獲得了一筆 造這樣一個機器人的資金。接下來我給大家看一下同樣的表演 換成一個情感表現(xiàn)頭的效果。注意一點： 請觀察這個機器人如何 根據(jù)人類的演奏即興發(fā)揮，也讓人類知道，這個機器人知道它在做什么。還有獨奏開始時，它是如何做出回應(yīng)的。還有獨奏開始時，它是如何做出回應(yīng)的。（音樂）這會兒它正看著我確保我在聽。（音樂）我們再看一下這段的最后一部分，現(xiàn)在機器人正在用它的身體進(jìn)行溝通，當(dāng)它正忙于做它自己的事情時，忙于準(zhǔn)備 跟我一起演奏最后的旋律。（音樂）（掌聲）

Thanks.I hope you see how much this totally not--how much this part of the body that doesn't touch the instrument actually helps with the musical performance.And at some point, we are in Atlanta, so obviously some rapper will come into our lab at some point.And we had this rapper come in and do a little jam with the robot.And here you can see the robot basically responding to the beat and--notice two things.One, how irresistible it is to join the robot while it's moving its head.and you kind of want to move your own head when it does it.And second, even though the rapper is really focused on his iPhone, as soon as the robot turns to him, he turns back.So even though it's just in the periphery of his vision--it's just in the corner of his eye--it's very powerful.And the reason is that we can't ignore physical things moving in our environment.We are wired for that.So, if you have a problem with maybe your partners looking at the iPhone too much or their smartphone too much, you might want to have a robot there to get their attention.(Laughter)(Music)(Applause)謝謝。我希望你能看到 它的頭部不碰到樂器 其實有助于音樂表演！既然我們在亞特蘭大，就不會沒有說唱歌手參與到我們的試驗中來。既然我們在亞特蘭大，就不會沒有說唱歌手參與到我們的試驗中來。這個說唱歌手來了之后，我們讓他和這個機器人一起表演。這里你可以看到這個機器人 對節(jié)奏的回應(yīng)，請注意兩點。第一，當(dāng)這個機器人在搖頭晃腦的時候，你是不是也很想加入其中，和它一起晃動你的頭部？ 第二，雖然這個說唱歌手非常專注于它的蘋果手機，當(dāng)機器人轉(zhuǎn)向它的時候，他也馬上轉(zhuǎn)回來。雖然僅僅是在他的視線邊緣—— 他的眼角的余光里，它仍然非常強大。這就是為什么我們不能忽視 我們周邊物體的移動。我們天生會這樣做。所以，如果你的搭檔 很喜歡看它的蘋果手機或智能手機，也許你需要一個機器人 來獲得他們的注意力。（笑聲）（音樂）（掌聲）

Just to introduce the last robot that we've worked on, that came out of something kind of surprising that we found: At some point people didn't care anymore about the robot being so intelligent, and can improvise and listen, and do all these embodied intelligence things that I spent years on developing.They really liked that the robot was enjoying the music.(Laughter)And they didn't say that the robot was moving to the music, they said that the robot was enjoying the music.And we thought, why don't we take this idea, and I designed a new piece of furniture.This time it wasn't a desk lamp;it was a speaker dock.It was one of those things you plug your smartphone in.And I thought, what would happen if your speaker dock didn't just play the music for you, but it would actually enjoy it too.(Laughter)And so again, here are some animation tests from an early stage.(Laughter)And this is what the final product looked like.(“Drop It Like It's Hot”)So, a lot of bobbing head.(Applause)A lot of bobbing heads in the audience, so we can still see robots influence people.And it's not just fun and games.最后再為大家介紹一下 我們最近在打造的一個機器人。說來也奇怪，我們發(fā)現(xiàn) 到了某個階段，人們不再對那些聰明的、會即興表演、會聆聽、會做那些我花了多年研究的身體智能表演的 機器人感興趣了。他們真的很喜歡那個會享受音樂的機器人。（笑聲）他們沒有說這個機器人是隨著音樂扭動身體，而是說這個機器人在享受音樂。于是我們想，為什么不借用這個想法呢，因此我設(shè)計了一件新的小家具。這次不是一個臺燈，而是一個揚聲器底座，就是你可以把你的智能手機放上去的那種。于是我想，如果這個揚聲器底座 不僅可以為你放音樂，還可以享受音樂，會怎樣？（笑聲）這是早期的一些動畫嘗試。這是早期的一些動畫嘗試。這是最終的成品的樣子。饒舌音樂 不停的點頭……（掌聲）觀眾那里也有很多人在不停點頭，因此我們可以看到機器人可以影響人。當(dāng)然這一切不僅僅只是娛樂和游戲。

I think one of the reasons I care so much about robots that use their body to communicate and use their body to move--and I'm going to let you in on a little secret we roboticists are hiding--is that every one of you is going to be living with a robot at some point in their life.Somewhere in your future there's going to be a robot in your life.And if not in yours, then in your children's lives.And I want these robots to be--to be more fluent, more engaging, more graceful than currently they seem to be.And for that I think that maybe robots need to be less like chess players and more like stage actors and more like musicians.Maybe they should be able to take chances and improvise.And maybe they should be able to anticipate what you're about to do.And maybe they need to be able to make mistakes and correct them, because in the end we are human.And maybe as humans, robots that are a little less than perfect are just perfect for us.Thank you.(Applause)我覺得自己非常熱衷研究 那些可以用身體溝通、用身體移動的機器人的一個原因是—— 我告訴你一個只有我們機器人專家知道的秘密—— 我們每一個人在生命的某個階段 都會需要機器人，你未來的某個階段會有個機器人。如果不是你的未來，那么你的孩子的未來。我希望這些機器人 比現(xiàn)在 可以更流暢、更吸引人、更優(yōu)雅。比現(xiàn)在 可以更流暢、更吸引人、更優(yōu)雅。因此，我覺得機器人 不應(yīng)該是像一個象棋玩家，而應(yīng)該更像一個舞臺演員或者音樂家。它們應(yīng)該可以冒險，會即興表演，甚至?xí)A(yù)料到你接下來會做什么。它們也應(yīng)該可以犯錯 并且改正，因為到頭來，我們只是人類。也許對人類而言，不完美的機器人 才是完美的。謝謝！

第四篇：米歇爾北大演講 中英對照

MRS.OBAMA:(Applause.)Thank you.Well, ni-hao.(Laughter.)It is such a pleasure and an honor to be here with all of you at this great university, so thank you so much for having me.Now, before I get started today, on behalf of myself and my husband, I just want to say a few very brief words about Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.As my husband has said, the United States is offering as many resources as possible to assist in the search.And please know that we are keeping all of the families and loved ones of those on this flight in our thoughts and prayers at this very difficult time.Now with that, I want to start by recognizing our new Ambassador to China, Ambassador Baucus;President Wang;Chairman Zhu;Vice President Li;Director Cueller;Professor Oi, and the Stanford Center;President Sexton from New York University, which is an excellent study abroad program in Shanghai;and John Thornton, Director of the Global Leadership Program at Tsinghua University.Thank you all for joining us.But most of all, I want to thank all of the students who are here today.And I particularly want to thank Eric Schaefer and Zhu Xuanhao for that extraordinary English and Chinese introduction.That was a powerful symbol of everything that I want to talk with you about today.See, by learning each other’s languages, and by showing such curiosity and respect for each other’s cultures, Mr.Schafer and Ms.Zhu and all of you are building bridges of understanding that will lead to so much more.And I’m here today because I know that our future depends on connections like these among young people like you across the globe.That’s why when my husband and I travel abroad, we don’t just visit palaces and parliaments and meet with heads of state.We also come to schools like this one to meet with students like you, because we believe that relationships between nations aren’t just about relationships between governments or leaders--they’re about relationships between people, particularly young people.So we view study abroad programs not just as an educational opportunity for students, but also as a vital part of America’s foreign policy.Through the wonders of modern technology, our world is more connected than ever before.Ideas can cross oceans with the click of a button.Companies can do business and compete with companies across the globe.And we can text, email, Skype with people on every continent.So studying abroad isn’t just a fun way to spend a semester;it is quickly becoming the key to success in our global economy.Because getting ahead in today’s workplaces isn’t just about getting good grades or test scores in school, which are important.It’s also about having real experience with the world beyond your borders –-experience with languages, cultures and societies very different from your own.Or, as the Chinese saying goes: ―It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books.‖

But let’s be clear, studying abroad is about so much more than improving your own future.It’s also about shaping the future of your countries and of the world we all share.Because when it comes to the defining challenges of our time-– whether it’s climate change or economic opportunity or the spread of nuclear weapons--these are shared challenges.And no one country can confront them alone.The only way forward is together.That’s why it is so important for young people like you to live and study in each other’s countries, because that’s how you develop that habit of cooperation.You do it by immersing yourself in one another’s culture, by learning each other’s stories, by getting past the stereotypes and misconceptions that too often divide us.That’s how you come to understand how much we all share.That’s how you realize that we all have a stake in each other’s success--that cures discovered here in Beijing could save lives in America, that clean energy technologies from Silicon Valley in California could improve the environment here in China, that the architecture of an ancient temple in Xi’an could inspire the design of new buildings in Dallas or Detroit.And that’s when the connections you make as classmates or labmates can blossom into something more.That’s what happened when Abigail Coplin became an American Fulbright Scholar here at Peking University.She and her colleagues published papers together in top science journals, and they built research partnerships that lasted long after they returned to their home countries.And Professor Niu Ke from Peking University was a Fulbright Scholarship--Scholar in the U.S.last year, and he reported--and this is a quote from him--he said, ―The most memorable experiences were with my American friends.‖

These lasting bonds represent the true value of studying abroad.And I am thrilled that more and more students are getting this opportunity.As you’ve heard, China is currently the fifth most popular destination for Americans studying abroad, and today, the highest number of exchange students in the U.S.are from China.But still, too many students never have this chance, and some that do are hesitant to take it.They may feel like studying abroad is only for wealthy students or students from certain kinds of universities.Or they may think to themselves, well, that sounds fun but how will it be useful in my life? And believe me, I understand where these young people are coming from because I felt the same way back when I was in college.See, I came from a working-class family, and it never occurred to me to study abroad--never.My parents didn’t get a chance to attend college, so I was focused on getting into a university, earning my degree so that I could get a good job to support myself and help my family.And I know for a lot of young people like me who are struggling to afford a regular semester of school, paying for plane tickets or living expenses halfway around the world just isn’t possible.And that’s not acceptable, because study abroad shouldn’t just be for students from certain backgrounds.Our hope is to build connections between people of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds, because it is that diversity that truly will change the face of our relationships.So we believe that diversity makes our country vibrant and strong.And our study abroad programs should reflect the true spirit of America to the world.And that’s why when my husband visited China back in 2009, he announced the 100,000 Strong initiative to increase the number and diversity of American students studying in China.And this year, as we mark the 35th anniversary of the normalization of relationships between our two countries, the U.S.government actually supports more American students in China than in any other country in the world.We are sending high school, college and graduate students here to study Chinese.We’re inviting teachers from China to teach Mandarin in American schools.We’re providing free online advising for students in China who want to study in the U.S.And the U.S.-China Fulbright program is still going strong with more than 3,000 alumni.And the private sector is stepping up as well.For example, Steve Schwarzman, who is the head of an American company called Blackstone, is funding a new program at Tsinghua University modeled on the Rhodes Scholarship.And today, students from all kinds of backgrounds are studying here in China.Take the example of Royale Nicholson, who’s from Cleveland, Ohio.She attends New York University’s program in Shanghai.Now, like me, Royale is a first-generation college student.And her mother worked two full-time jobs while her father worked nights to support their family.And of her experience in Shanghai, Royale said--and this is her quote--she said, ―This city oozes persistence and inspires me to accomplish all that I can.‖ And happy birthday, Royale.It was her birthday yesterday.(Laughter.)And then there’s Philmon Haile from the University of Washington, whose family came to the U.S.as refugees from Eritrea when he was a child.And of his experience studying in China, he said, ―Study abroad is a powerful vehicle for people-to-people exchange as we move into a new era of citizen diplomacy.‖ ―A new era of citizen diplomacy.‖ I could not have said it better myself, because that’s really what I’m talking about.I am talking about ordinary citizens reaching out to the world.And as I always tell young people back in America, you don’t need to get on a plane to be a citizen diplomat.I tell them that if you have an Internet connection in your home, school, or library, within seconds you can be transported anywhere in the world and meet people on every continent.And that’s why I’m posting a daily travel blog with videos and photos of my experiences here in China, because I want young people in America to be part of this visit.And that’s really the power of technology –-how it can open up the entire world and expose us to ideas and innovations we never could have imagined.And that’s why it’s so important for information and ideas to flow freely over the Internet and through the media, because that’s how we discover the truth.That’s how we learn what’s really happening in our communities and our country and our world.And that’s how we decide which values and ideas we think are best –-by questioning and debating them vigorously, by listening to all sides of an argument, and by judging for ourselves.And believe me, I know how this can be a messy and frustrating process.My husband and I are on the receiving end of plenty of questioning and criticism from our media and our fellow citizens.And it’s not always easy, but we wouldn’t trade it for anything in the world.Because time and again, we have seen that countries are stronger and more prosperous when the voices of and opinions of all their citizens can be heard.And as my husband has said, we respect the uniqueness of other cultures and societies, but when it comes to expressing yourself freely and worshipping as you choose and having open access to information, we believe those universal rights--they are universal rights that are the birthright of every person on this planet.We believe that all people deserve the opportunity to fulfill their highest potential as I was able to do in the United States.And as you learn about new cultures and form new friendships during your time here in China and in the United States, all of you are the living, breathing embodiment of those values.So I guarantee you that in studying abroad, you’re not just changing your own life, you are changing the lives of everyone you meet.And as the great American President John F.Kennedy once said about foreign students studying in the U.S., he said ―I think they teach more than they learn.‖ And that is just as true of young Americans who study abroad.All of you are America’s best face, and China’s best face, to the world--you truly are.Every day, you show the world your countries’ energy and creativity and optimism and unwavering belief in the future.And every day, you remind us--and me in particular--of just how much we can achieve if we reach across borders, and learn to see ourselves in each other, and confront our shared challenges with shared resolve.So I hope you all will keep seeking these kinds of experiences.And I hope you’ll keep teaching each other, and learning from each other, and building bonds of friendship that will enrich your lives and enrich our world for decades to come.You all have so much to offer, and I cannot wait to see all that you achieve together in the years ahead.Thank you so much.Xie-Xie.(Applause.)END

(掌聲)謝謝你！嗯,你好。(笑聲)是這樣的快樂和榮幸與大家在這里在這個偉大的大學(xué),所以非常感謝你邀請我。

現(xiàn)在,在我今天開始,代表我和我的丈夫,我只想說非常簡短的幾句話對馬來西亞航空公司370號航班。我的丈夫說,美國提供盡可能多的資源協(xié)助搜索。請知道我們讓所有的家庭和親人的這班飛機在我們的思念和祈禱在這個非常困難的時期。

現(xiàn)在,我想先認(rèn)識我們的新駐華大使,大使鮑卡斯;總統(tǒng)王;主席朱,李副主席,主管Cueller;Oi教授和斯坦福中心;總統(tǒng)Sexton從紐約大學(xué),這是一個很好的留學(xué)項目在上海,和約翰·桑頓,清華大學(xué)全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力項目的主任。謝謝你加入我們。

但最重要的是,我要感謝所有的學(xué)生今天都在這里。朱,我特別要感謝Eric Schaefer和Xuanhao的非凡的中英文介紹。這是一個強有力的象征的一切,今天我想跟你談?wù)劇?/p>

看到的,通過學(xué)習(xí)對方的語言,通過展示這樣的好奇心和尊重對方的文化,謝弗和朱女士和您正在構(gòu)建所有的橋梁將導(dǎo)致更多的理解。,今天我在這里,因為我知道,我們的未來取決于這些連接全球年輕人的喜歡你。

這就是為什么當(dāng)我和丈夫出國旅行,我們不只是參觀宮殿和議會和會見國家元首。我們也來這樣的學(xué)校與學(xué)生見面和你一樣,因為我們相信,國家之間的關(guān)系不只是關(guān)于政府或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的關(guān)系,他們之間的關(guān)系的人,尤其是年輕人。所以我們認(rèn)為留學(xué)計劃不僅僅是一個教育學(xué)生的機會,但也作為美國外交政策的重要組成部分。

但要搞清楚的是,出國留學(xué)是如此多提高自己的未來。這也是對塑造你的國家和世界的未來我們都分享。因為在我們這個時代的決定性挑戰(zhàn)——無論是氣候變化或經(jīng)濟機會或核武器的擴散,這些共同的挑戰(zhàn)。,沒有一個國家可以獨自面對它們。唯一的出路是在一起。

這就是為什么它是如此重要的年輕人喜歡你生活和學(xué)習(xí)在彼此的國家,因為這是你如何開發(fā),合作的習(xí)慣。你沉浸在彼此的文化,通過學(xué)習(xí)對方的故事,通過過去的成見和誤解,經(jīng)常分裂我們。

這就是你開始了解有多少我們都分享。這就是你意識到我們都有對方的成功——治愈的股份在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)在北京可以拯救生命,從加州硅谷清潔能源技術(shù)可以改善這里的環(huán)境在中國,一個古老的寺廟的建筑在西安可以激發(fā)新建筑的設(shè)計在達(dá)拉斯或底特律。

連接時,你讓同學(xué)或labmates可以綻放成更多的東西。這就是發(fā)生在阿比蓋爾Coplin成為美國富布賴特學(xué)者在北京大學(xué)。她和她的同事在頂尖科學(xué)雜志發(fā)表論文,和他們建立研究伙伴關(guān)系,持續(xù)了很久之后他們回到自己的國家。從北京大學(xué)教授和妞妞柯是一個富布賴特獎學(xué)金——去年在美國學(xué)者,和他說,這是一個引用從他——他說,―最難忘的經(jīng)歷是我的美國朋友。‖

這些長期債券代表出國留學(xué)的真正價值。我激動,越來越多的學(xué)生得到這個機會。你聽說過,中國現(xiàn)在是第五個最受歡迎的目的地,美國人出國留學(xué),今天,最多的美國交換學(xué)生來自中國。

但是,太多的學(xué)生從來沒有這個機會,和一些做猶豫。他們可能覺得出國留學(xué)只是富裕的學(xué)生或?qū)W生從某些類型的大學(xué)?；蛘咚麄儠J(rèn)為自己,好吧,這聽起來有趣,但它將如何是有用的在我的生命中?相信我,我理解這些年輕人來自哪里,因為我感到同樣的方式在我上大學(xué)的時候。

看,我來自一個工人階級家庭,和我從未想到出國留學(xué)——從來沒有。我的父母沒有機會上大學(xué),所以我關(guān)注的是進(jìn)入大學(xué),獲得我的學(xué)位,這樣我就可以找到一份好工作來支持我和幫助我的家人。,我知道像我這樣的很多年輕人努力承受常規(guī)學(xué)期的學(xué)校,支付機票或全世界生活費用一半是不可能的。這是不能接受的,因為出國留學(xué)不應(yīng)該只是為特定背景的學(xué)生。

我們希望雙方能建立所有種族和社會經(jīng)濟背景的人們之間的聯(lián)系,因為它是多樣性,真正將改變我們的關(guān)系。所以我們相信多樣性使我們的國家充滿活力的和強大的。和我們的留學(xué)計劃應(yīng)該反映美國真正的精神世界。

這就是為什么當(dāng)我丈夫訪問中國早在2009年,他宣布100000人計劃增加在中國學(xué)習(xí)的美國學(xué)生的數(shù)量和多樣性。今年,我們35周年我們兩國之間關(guān)系正?；?美國政府實際上支持更多的美國學(xué)生在中國比在世界上其他任何國家。

我們寄上高中、大學(xué)和研究生學(xué)習(xí)漢語。我們邀請老師從中國在美國學(xué)校教中文。我們?yōu)閷W(xué)生提供免費的網(wǎng)上建議那些想要在中國留學(xué)美國和美國中美富布賴特項目仍然強勁,超過3000名校友。

和私營部門也加大。例如,史蒂夫?施瓦茨曼,他是一個美國公司百仕通(Blackstone)正在資助清華大學(xué)一個新程序仿照羅茲獎學(xué)金。今天,來自各種背景的學(xué)生在中國學(xué)習(xí)。

比如說皇家尼克爾森,誰從克利夫蘭,俄亥俄州。她參加在上海紐約大學(xué)的計劃?，F(xiàn)在,像我一樣,皇家是第一代大學(xué)生。和她的母親工作兩份全職工作,而她的父親晚上工作來支持他們的家庭。和她的經(jīng)驗在上海,皇家說,這是她的報價,她說,―這座城市散發(fā)出持久性和激勵我完成所有我能。―生日快樂,皇家。昨天是她的生日。(笑聲)

還有Philmon海爾大學(xué)的華盛頓,他的家族從厄立特里亞難民來到美國當(dāng)他還是個孩子。和他在中國的經(jīng)驗研究,他說,―出國留學(xué)是一個強大的人文交流的工具,我們進(jìn)入一個新時代的公民外交‖。

―一個公民外交的新時代。―我不可能說得更好我自己,因為那是真的我在說什么。我談?wù)撈胀ㄊ忻窠佑|世界。我總是告訴年輕人回到美國,在飛機上你不需要成為一個公民外交官。我告訴他們,如果你有一個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接在家里,學(xué)?；驁D書館,在幾秒鐘內(nèi)你可以在世界任何地方運輸,滿足每一塊大陸上的人們。

這就是為什么我每天發(fā)布旅游博客的視頻和照片我的經(jīng)歷在中國,因為我想要在美國年輕人這次訪問的一部分。真技術(shù)的力量,如何打開整個世界,讓我們思想和創(chuàng)新簡直無法想象。

這就是為什么它是如此重要的信息和想法通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由流動和通過媒體,因為這是我們?nèi)绾伟l(fā)現(xiàn)真理。這就是我們學(xué)習(xí)的真正發(fā)生在我們的社區(qū)和我們的國家和我們的世界。這就是我們?nèi)绾螞Q定哪些價值觀和想法我們認(rèn)為是最好的——通過詢問和討論積極,通過聆聽各方的觀點,并為自己的判斷。

相信我,我知道這可能是一個混亂的和令人沮喪的過程。我丈夫和我都受到很多質(zhì)疑和批評我們的媒體和我們的同胞。,這并不總是容易的,但我們不會貿(mào)易世界上任何東西。因為一次又一次,我們已經(jīng)看到,國家更強大和更繁榮的聲音和意見,所有的公民都可以聽到。

我丈夫說,我們尊重其他文化和社會的獨特性,但是當(dāng)談到自由表達(dá)自己和崇拜,你選擇和開放獲取信息,我們相信這些普世權(quán)利——他們是普世權(quán)利,是這個星球上每一個人與生俱來的權(quán)利。我們相信所有的人應(yīng)該履行最高潛能的機會,我能做的在美國。

當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)新的文化,形成新的友誼在你的時間在中國和在美國,你是活著的,呼吸的體現(xiàn)這些值。所以我向你保證,在出國留學(xué),你不僅僅是改變你自己的生活,你正在改變每個你遇到的人的生活。

偉大的美國總統(tǒng)約翰·f·肯尼迪曾經(jīng)說過關(guān)于外國學(xué)生在美國學(xué)習(xí)他說,―我認(rèn)為他們教他們學(xué)習(xí)?！?同樣的年輕美國人留學(xué)。你都是美國最好的臉,和中國最好的臉,世界——你真的是。

每一天,你向世界展示國家的能源和創(chuàng)造力,樂觀和堅定的相信未來。每天,你提醒我們——尤其是我是多么我們可以實現(xiàn)跨越邊界,和相互學(xué)習(xí)看到自己,面對我們共同的挑戰(zhàn),共同解決。

所以我希望你將繼續(xù)尋找這些類型的經(jīng)驗。和我希望你能保持教學(xué)彼此,互相學(xué)習(xí),建立友誼,豐富你的生活,豐富我們的世界幾十年。

你都有這么多提供,我迫不及待地想看到你實現(xiàn)在未來幾年。

謝謝你們。Xie-Xie。(掌聲)

第五篇：安南清華大學(xué)演講(中英對照)

鼓舞夢想的聲音：安南在清華大學(xué)的演講（雙語）

[大] [中] [小]發(fā)布人：圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)發(fā)布日期：2012-01-16 15:24共30人瀏覽

The eighth and last Millennium Development Goal is a global partnership for development． This means that developing countries must not be left to develop on their own． They need the help of the richer and more powerful countries through the removal of unfair trade barriers and subsidised competition； through the elimination of the debts which oblige so many poor countries to spend more on repaying and servicing their creditors than they can on the social needs of their own people； and through more generous official development aid which the rich countries have repeatedly promised to provide．

In practical terms，global partnership means that every country where there is extreme poverty is entitled to expect help in forging and pursuing a national strategy to achieve the MDGs by 2015． For the poorest countries，most of which are in Africa，this will be of decisive importance． Without it，they will not reach the Goals． With it，they are in with a real chance．That places a big responsibility on the rich countries and it is one that China shares． I know you are used to thinking of your country as a developing one，and so it is probably the fastest developing country the world has ever seen． But the more successfully it develops，the more it too will be expected to show solidarity with smaller and poorer countries that still need a helping hand．

By the same token，as China’s geopolitical weight grows，so does its share of responsibility for world security．

As well as global solidarity，the Millennium Declaration expressed a shared vision of collective security，rooted in the United Nations Charter．

Yet the events of the past two years have called that consensus in question．

Some have doubted whether Article 51 of the Charter，which reaffirms the inherent right of self－defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations，until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security，is still sufficient in an age when an armed attack may come without warning，from a clandestine terrorist group，perhaps armed with weapons of mass destruction．

They have argued that force must sometimes be used preventively，and that they must be free to decide when their national security requires it．

Others have replied that that doctrine is in itself a grave threat to international peace and security since it might imply that any state has the right to use force whenever it sees fit，without regard to other states’ concerns． And that is precisely the state of affairs which the United Nations was created to save humanity from．

Indeed，the first purpose of the United Nations，laid down in Article 1 of the Charter，is to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace．

We must show that the United Nations is capable of fulfilling that purpose，so that States do not feel obliged or entitled to take the law into their own hands．

that is why，last year，I asked a small panel of distinguished men and women to make recommendations on ways of dealing with threats and challenges to peace and security in the twenty－first century． I am delighted that a very wise Chinese statesman，Mr． Qian Qichen，agreed to join that panel，whose report should be ready in a few weeks’ time．

In short，my friends，there is much to be done to make the world safe in this new century，and to give all its inhabitants a real chance of living prosperous and fulfilling lives． Many bold

decisions need to be taken，and taken soon．

I hope that some of the most important may be taken in September next year，when world leaders will again assemble at the United Nations to review the progress made，or not made，since the Millennium Declaration． This will be the world’s best chance for a breakthrough to address the joint global challenges of development and security． Yet the task will be much tougher than five years ag instead of setting goals，this time leaders must agree on concrete decisions to achieve them．

For 191 nations to agree on a common path forward，many debates will be needed over the coming year，both within countries and among them． Governments will have to work together and reach compromises，sometimes involving the sacrifice of cherished national goals or interests． And they can do so only if their peoples understand what is at stake，and firmly support it．

China，with its remarkable experience in development and expertise in security，can make a leading contribution to this vital global breakthrough．

That is why I am so glad to be in Beijing today，and to have the chance to speak not only to your government but also to you here，in one of China’s great centres of innovation and creative thought． You young educated people have so much to contribute to development，and to meeting the global challenges that I have spoken about safeguarding world peace and security，developing friendly relations among peoples of different faith or culture，and achieving the Millennium Development Goals．

You already have a well－developed network of solidarity between richer and poorer regions within China，and I know many of you will be serving in poor areas，after you graduate． I hope some of you will think also about serving in other parts of the world，where your skills may be even more desperately needed．

I urge you all and your contemporaries throughout China to commit yourselves to finding answers to our century’s great challenges of poverty，disease，and environmental degradation． I say to you，as I have said to students in the United States，and many other countries，go out and make the world better！

But I have spoken long enough． Now it’s your turn． If you have questions，I will try to answer them． But I hope you may also have comments，so that I can learn from you．Thank you very much．

千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的第八項也是最后一項是全球合作促進(jìn)發(fā)展。這就意味著不能拋開發(fā)展中國家不管，任其自己發(fā)展。發(fā)展中國家需要較為富裕、較為強大的國家給予幫助，這就需要消除不公平的貿(mào)易壁壘，消除補貼式競爭；需要免除債務(wù)，許多貧窮國家為了向債主償還債務(wù)，所費開支遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了這些國家為滿足本國人民的社會需求所作的開支：還需要更為慷慨的官方發(fā)展援助，許多富裕國家曾屢作承諾，提供這種援助。

具體說來，全球伙伴關(guān)系意味著每一個存在赤貧的國家都有權(quán)利期望獲得幫助，以擬定并執(zhí)行到2015年實現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的國家戰(zhàn)略。這一點對于大多數(shù)位處非洲的最貧窮的國家來說，具有至關(guān)重要的意義。如果沒有這種幫助，這些國家就不能實現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)。如果能夠得到這種幫助，這些國家就真正有機會實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。

這就使富裕國家擔(dān)負(fù)起一個重大責(zé)任，對此，中國也責(zé)無旁貸。我知道，你們習(xí)慣將自己的國家作為一個發(fā)展中國家來看待，中國也的確是一個發(fā)展中國家，也許是世界上前所未有的發(fā)展速度最快的囚家。不過，中國發(fā)展越成功，人們也就越期待中國能夠?qū)δ切┤匀恍枰值男?、窮國表現(xiàn)出同舟共濟的精神。

同樣，隨著中國在地緣政治方面地位不斷提高，她在世界安全方面也應(yīng)分擔(dān)更大的責(zé)任?！肚晷浴敷w現(xiàn)了全球團結(jié)的精神，也表達(dá)了集體安全這一植根于《聯(lián)合國憲章》的共同理想。

然而，過去兩年來發(fā)生的各種事件使人們對這一共識產(chǎn)生了疑慮。

《憲章》第八十一條重申“聯(lián)合國會員國受武力攻擊時，在安全理事會采取必要辦法，以維持國際和平及安全以前，行使自衛(wèi)之自然權(quán)利”。而在當(dāng)今時代，秘密的恐怖主義集團可能在沒有任何警告的情況下發(fā)動武裝攻擊，這些集團也許持有大規(guī)模毀滅性武器，在這樣一個時代，一些人對上述條款是否依然具有足夠效力產(chǎn)生懷疑。

這些人辯解說，這些時候必須為了預(yù)防而使用武力，而在他們國家安全需要時，必須有權(quán)自由作出此種決定。

還有些人則認(rèn)為，這種理論本身就是對國際和平與安全的嚴(yán)重威脅，因為這就意味著任何國家，只要自己認(rèn)為合適，都有權(quán)動武，而不必考慮其他國家所關(guān)切的問題。然而，創(chuàng)立聯(lián)合國恰恰是為了使人類免于遭受這種局面。的確，《憲章》第一條規(guī)定，聯(lián)合國的首要宗旨是“采取有效集體辦法，防止且消除對和平之威脅”。

我們必須表現(xiàn)出聯(lián)合國有能力履行這一宗旨，以使各國不必感到必須或有權(quán)利自行執(zhí)法。

正是出于這一原因，我于去年請一個名人小組就如何在二十一世紀(jì)解決對和平與安全的威脅和挑戰(zhàn)提出建議。我感到欣慰的是，一位充滿智慧的中國政治家錢其琛先生同意參加該小組，再過幾個星期小組的報告就可以提交了。

我希望小組的建議將有助于我們重新建立并改進(jìn)我們的全球安全體系，這樣，未來將沒有任何一個國家會感到必須要單槍匹馬地面對全球性威脅，而所有國家都會充滿信心地認(rèn)為其他國家將會遵守這些規(guī)則。

簡言之，朋友們，要在這個新世紀(jì)里使世界變得安全，并賦予全世界所有居民以真正的機會，欣欣向榮，充實地生活，尚有許多工作要做。需要作出許多具有膽識的決定，而且時不我待。

明年九月，世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將再一次在聯(lián)合國聚集一堂，審查《千年宣言》以來有哪些進(jìn)展，或缺乏進(jìn)展，我希望，屆時將會作出一些極為重要的決定。這將是世界在應(yīng)對發(fā)展與安全這一雙重全球性挑戰(zhàn)方面實現(xiàn)突破的絕佳機遇。不過與五年前相比，任務(wù)將更加艱巨，這次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不是制訂目標(biāo)，而是為實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)商定具體的決策。

要使191個國家就共同的前進(jìn)道路達(dá)成協(xié)議，還需要在未來的一年進(jìn)行許多討論，在一國之內(nèi)和各國之間都要開展辯論。各國政府必須共同努力，并且還要達(dá)成妥協(xié)，有時甚至要對寶貴的國家目標(biāo)或國家利益忍痛作出犧牲。但要做到這點，就必須使本國人民懂得利害相關(guān)所在，贏得他們的堅定支持。

中國在發(fā)展方面有出色經(jīng)驗，在安全方面也獨具專長，因此，可以為這一至關(guān)重要的全球性突破作出主導(dǎo)性貢獻(xiàn)。

因此，我今天來到北京非常高興，能夠有機會不僅同貴國政府交談，而且來到中國著名的學(xué)府，這個發(fā)明與創(chuàng)新思想的搖籃，與在座各位交談。我剛剛談到了各種挑戰(zhàn)，包括保衛(wèi)世界和平與安全，在不同信仰或文化的人民之間發(fā)展友好關(guān)系，實現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)等等，為應(yīng)對這些全球性挑戰(zhàn)，為實現(xiàn)發(fā)展，你們這些有教育的青年可以大有作為。

在中國，你們在富裕和貧困地區(qū)之間已經(jīng)建立了十分發(fā)達(dá)的互助網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而且我知道你們許多人將在畢業(yè)之后去貧困地區(qū)服務(wù)。我希望你們中的一些人也會考慮到世界的其他地方去服務(wù)，在那里，也許更加迫切的需要你們的技藝。

我鼓勵你們?nèi)w，全中國各地的你們這一代人，立志求索，為解決貧窮、疾病及環(huán)境退

化等我們這個世紀(jì)所面臨的各種巨大挑戰(zhàn)，尋求途徑。我曾對美國的學(xué)生，對其他許多國家的學(xué)生說過，現(xiàn)在也對你們說：“走出去，把世界變得更美好！”

我說的時間已經(jīng)夠長了?，F(xiàn)在該輪到你們了。如果你們有問題，我將盡力回答。不過我還希望你們作出評論，這樣我可以向你們學(xué)習(xí)。