第一篇：詩篇講道 第12

TREASURY OF DAVID

PSALM 125

C.H.Spurgeon

PSALM 125.1 PSALM 125.Title.—A Song of Degrees.Another step is taken in the ascent, another station in the pilgrimage is reached: certainly a rise in the sense is here perceptible, since full assurance concerning years to come is a higher form of faith than the ascription of farther escapes to the Lord.Faith has praised Jehovah for past deliverances, and t, ere she rises to a confident jury in the present and future safety of believers.She asserts that they shall forever secure who trust themselves with the Lord.We can imagine the pilgrims chanting this song when perambulating the city walls.We do not assert that David wrote this Psalm, but we have as much ground for doing so as others have for declaring that it was written after the captivity.It would seem provable that all the Pilgrim Psalms were composed, or, at least, compiled by the same writer, and as some of them are certainly by David, there is too conclusive reason for taking away the rest from him.Division.—First we have a song of holy confidence(Ps 125:1-2);then a promise, Ps 125:3;followed by a prayer, Ps 125:4;and a note of warning.EXPOSITION.Ver.1.They that trust in the LORD shall be as mount Zion.The emphasis lies upon the object of their trust, namely, Jehovah the Lord.What a privilege to be allowed to repose in God] How condescending is Jehovah to become the confidence of his people!To trust elsewhere is vanity;and the more implicit such misplaced trust becomes the more bitter will be the ensuing disappointment;but to trust in the living God is sanctified common sense which needs no excuse, its result shall be its best

vindication.There is no conceivable reason why we should not trust in Jehovah, and there is every possible argument for so doing;but, apart from all argument, the end will prove the wisdom of the confidence.The result of faith is not occasional and accidental;its blessing comes, not to some who trust, but to all who trust in the Lord.Trusters in Jehovah shall be as fixed, firm, and stable as the mount where David dwelt, and where the ark abode.To move mount Zion was impossible: the mere supposition was absurd.Which cannot be removed, but abideth for ever.Zion was the image of eternal steadfastness, —this hill which, according to the Hebrew, “sits to eternity, ”neither bowing down nor moving to and fro.Thus doth the trusting worshipper of Jehovah enjoy a restfulness which is the mirror of tranquillity;and this not without cause, for his hope is sure, and of his confidence he can never be ashamed.As the Lord sitteth King for ever, so do his people sit enthroned in perfect peace when their trust in him is firm.This is, and is to be our portion;we are, we have been, we shall be as steadfast as the hill of God.Zion cannot be removed, and does not remove;so the people of God can neither be moved passively nor actively, by force from without or fickleness from within.Faith in God is a settling and establishing virtue;he who by his strength setteth fast the mountains, by that same power stays the hearts of them that trust in him.This steadfastness will endure “for ever, ”and we may be assured therefore that no believer shall perish either in life or in death, in time or in eternity.We trust in an eternal God, and our safety shall be eternal.EXPLANATORY NOTES AND QUAINT SAYINGS.Whole Psalm.In the degrees of Christian virtue, this psalm represents the sixth step—the confidence which the Christian places in the Lord.“It teacheth us, while we ascend and raise our minds unto the Lord our God in loving charity and piety, not to fix our gaze upon men who are prosperous in the world with a false happiness.”(Augustine.)—H.T.Armfield, in “The Gradual Psalms”, 1874.Whole Psalm.This short psalm may be summed up in those words of the prophet(Isa 3:10-11), “Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him.Woe unto the wicked!it shall be ill with him.” Thus are life and death, the blessing and the curse, set before us often in the psalms, as well as in the law and in the prophets.—Matthew Henry, 1662-1714.Ver.1.They that trust in the LORD.Note how he commandeth no work here to be done, but only speaketh of trust, In popery in the time of trouble men were taught to enter into some kind of religion, to fast, to go on

pilgrimage, and to do such other foolish works of devotion, which they devised as an high service unto God, and, thereby thought to make condign satisfaction for sin and to merit eternal life.But here the Psalmist leadeth us the plain way unto God, pronouncing this to be the chiefest anchor of our salvation, —only to hope and trust in the Lord;and declaring that the greatest service that we can do unto God is to trust him.For this is the nature of God—to create all things of nothing.Therefore he createth and bringeth forth in death, life;in darkness, light.Now to believe this is the essential nature and most special property of faith.When God then seeth such a one as agreeth with his own nature, that is, which believeth to find in danger help, in poverty riches, in sin righteousness, and that for God's own mercy's sake in Christ alone, him can God neither hate nor forsake.—Martin Luther(1483-1546), in “A Commentary on the Psalms of Degrees.”

Ver.1.They that trust in the Lord.All that deal with God must deal upon trust, and he will give comfort to those only that give credit to him, and make it appear they do so by quitting other confidences, and venturing to the utmost for God.The closer our expectations are confined to God, the higher our expectations may be raised.—Matthew Henry.Ver.1.They that trust, etc.Trust, therefore, in the Lord, always, altogether, and for all things.—Robert Nisbet, in “The Songs of the Temple Pilgrims”, 1863.Ver.1.Shall be as mount Zion.Some persons are like the sand— ever shifting and treacherous.See Mt 7:26.Some are like the sea —restless and unsettled.See Isa 57:20 Jas 1:6.Some are like the wind—uncertain and inconstant.See Eph 4:14.Believers are like a mountain—strong, stable, and secure.To every soul that trusts him the Lord says, “Thou art Peter.” —W.Hr.J.Page, of Chelsea, 1883.Ver.1.As mount Zion, etc.Great is the stability of a believer's felicity.—John Trapp, 1601-1669.Ver.1.Mount Zion, which cannot be removed, etc.Lieutenant Conder, reviewing Mr.Maudslay's important exploration, says, “It is especially valuable as showing that, however the masonry may have been destroyed and lost, we may yet hope to find indications of the ancient enceinte in the rock scarps which are imperishable.” This is very true;for, while man can destroy what man has made, the everlasting hills smile at his rage.Yet who can hear of it without perceiving the force and sublimity of that glorious description of the immobility of believers.“They that trust in Jehovah are as mount Zion，Which shall not be moved, it abideth for ever.” —James Neil, in “Palestine Explored”, 1882.Ver.1.Cannot be removed, etc.They can never be removed from the Lord, though they may be removed from his house and ordinances, as sometimes David was;and from his gracious presence, and sensible communion with him;and out of the world by death: yet never from his heart's love, nor out of the covenant of his grace, which is sure and everlasting;nor out of his family, into which they are taken;nor from the Lord Jesus Christ, nor out of his hands and arms, nor from off his heart;nor from off him, as the foundation on which they are laid;nor out of a state of grace, either regeneration or justification;but such abide in the love of God, in the covenant of his grace, in the hands of his Son, in the grace wherein they stand, and in the house of God for evermore.—John Gill, 1697-1771.Ver.1.Abideth for ever.So surely as Mount Zion shall never be “removed”, so surely shall the church of God be preserved.Is it not strange that wicked and idolatrous powers have not joined together, dug down this mount, and carried it into the sea, that they might nullify a promise in which the people of God exult!Till ye can carry Mount Zion into the Mediterranean Sea, the church of Christ shall grow and prevail.Hear this, yet murderous Mohammedans!—Adam Clarke, 1760-1832.Ver.1.Abideth.Literally, sitteth;as spoken of a mountain, “l(fā)ieth” or “is situated”;but here with the following forever, used in a still stronger sense.—J.J.Stewart Perowne, 1868.Ver.1-2.—That which is here promised the saints is a perpetual preservation of them in that condition wherein they are;both on the part of God, “he is round about them from henceforth even for ever”;and on their parts, they shall not be removed, —that is, from the condition of acceptation with God wherein they are supposed to be, — but they shall abide for ever, and continue therein immovable unto the end.This is a plain promise of their continuance in that condition wherein they are, with their safety from thence, and not a promise of some other good thing provided that they continue in that condition.Their being compared to mountains, and their stability, which consists in their being and continuing so, will admit no other sense.As mount Zion abides in its condition, so shall they;and as the mountains about Jerusalem continue, so doth the Lord continue his presence unto them.That expression which is used, Ps 125:2, is weighty and full to this purpose, The LORD is round about his people from henceforth even for ever.What can be spoken more fully, more pathetically? Can any expression of

men so set forth the safety of the saints? The Lord is round about them, not to save them from this or that incursion, but from all;not from one or two evils, but from every one whereby they are or may be assaulted.He is with them, and round about them on every side that no evil shall come nigh them.It is a most full expression of universal preservation, or of God's keeping his saints in his love and favour, upon all accounts whatsoever;and that not for a season only, but it is “henceforth”, from his giving this promise unto their souls in particular, and their receiving of it, throughout all generations, “even for ever.” —John Owen, 1616-1683.HINTS TO PREACHERS.Whole Psalm.1.The mark of the covenant: “They that trust.” 2.The security of the covenant(Ps 125:1-2).3.The rod of the covenant(Ps 125:3).4.The tenor of the covenant(Ps 125:4).5.The spirit of the covenant, —“peace.” Ver.1.See “Spurgeon's Sermons”, No.1,450: “The Immortality of the Believer.” Ver.1-2.1.The believer's singularity: he trusts in Jehovah.2.The believer's stability: “abideth for ever.” 3.The believer's safety: “As the mountains”, etc.Psalms 125:2(PSALMS)EXPOSITION.Ver.2.As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so the LORD is round about his people from henceforth even for ever.The hill of Zion is the type of the believer's constancy, and the surrounding mountains are made emblems of the all surrounding presence of the Lord.The mountains around

the holy city, though they do not make a circular wall, are, nevertheless, set like sentinels to guard her gates.God doth not enclose his people within ramparts and bulwarks, making their city to be a prison;but yet he so orders the arrangements of his providence that his saints are as safe as if they dwelt behind the strongest fortifications.What a double security the two verses set before us!First, we are established, and then entrenched;settled, and then sentinelled: made like a mount, and then protected as if by mountains.This is no matter of poetry, it is so in fact;and it is no matter of temporary privilege, but it shall be so for ever.Date when we please, “from henceforth” Jehovah encircles his people: look on as far as we please, the protection extends “even for ever.” Note, it is not said that Jehovah's power or wisdom defends believers, but he himself is round about them: they have his personality for their protection, his Godhead for their guard.We are here taught that the Lord's people are those who trust him, for they are thus described in the first verses: the line of faith is the line of grace, those who trust in the Lord are chosen of the Lord.The two verses together prove the eternal safety of the saints: they must abide where God has placed them, and God must for ever protect them from all evil.It would be difficult to imagine greater safety than is here set forth.EXPLANATORY NOTES AND QUAINT SAYINGS.Ver.2.As the mountains are round about Jerusalem.This image is not realised, as most persons familiar with our European scenery would wish and expect it to be realised.Jerusalem is not literally shut in by mountains, except on the eastern side, where it may be said to be enclosed by the arms of Olivet, with its outlying ridges on the north east and south west.Anyone facing Jerusalem westward, northward, or southward, will always see the city itself on an elevation higher than the hills in its immediate neighbourhood, its towers and walls standing out against the sky, and not against any high background such as that which encloses the mountain towns and villages of our own Cumbriau or Westmoreland valleys.Nor, again, is the plain on which it stands enclosed by a continuous though distant circle of mountains, like that which gives its peculiar charm to Athens and Innsbruck.The mountains in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem are of unequal height, and only in two or three instances— Neby-Samwil, Er-Rain, and Tuleil el-Ful—rising to any considerable elevation.Even Olivet is only a hundred and eighty feet above the top of Mount Zion.Still they act as a shelter: they must be surmounted before the traveller can see, or the invader attack, the Holy City;and the distant line of Moab would always seem to rise as a wall against invaders from the remote east.It is these mountains, expressly including those beyond the Jordan, which are mentioned as “standing round about Jerusalem”, in another and more

terrible sense, when on the night of the assault of Jerusalem by the Roman armies, they “echoed back” the screams of the inhabitants of the captured city, and the victorious shouts of the soldiers of Titus.* Arthur Penrhyn Stanly(1815-1881), in “Sinai and Palestine.” *(Josephus.Bell.Jud 6:5,1)Ver.2.As the mountains are round about Jerusalem.Jerusalem is situated in the centre of a mountainous region, whose valleys have drawn around it in all directions a perfect network of deep ravines, the perpendicular walls of which constitute a very efficient system of defence.—William M.Thomson, in “The Land and the Book”, 1881.Ver.2.As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, etc.The mountains most emphatically stand “round about Jerusalem”, and in doing so must have greatly safeguarded it in ancient times.We are specially told that when Titus besieged the city, he found it impossible to invest it completely until he had built a wall round the entire sides of these mountains, nearly five miles long, with thirteen places at intervals in which he stationed garrisons, which added another mile and a quarter to these vast earthworks.“The whole was completed”, says the Jewish historian, “in three days;so that what would naturally have required some months was done in so short an interval as is incredible.”(Josephus.Wars of the Jews.Book 5, ch.7, section 2.)Assaults upon the city, even then, could only be delivered effectively upon its level corner to the north west, whence every hostile advance was necessarily directed in all its various sieges.To those familiar with these facts, beautifully bold, graphic, and forceful is the Psalmist's figure of the security of the Lord's people— “The mountains are round about Jerusalem;And Jehovah is round about his people, Henceforth, even for evermore.” These words must have been in Hebrew ears as sublime as they were comforting, and, when sung on the heights of Zion, inspiring in the last degree.—James Neil.Ver.2.The LORD is round about his people.It is not enough that we are compassed about with fiery walls, that is, with the sure custody, tile continual watch and ward of the angels;but the Lord himself is our wall: so that every way we are defended by the Lord against all dangers.Above us is his heaven, on both sides he is as a wall, under us he is as a strong rock whereupon we stand so are we everywhere sure and safe.Now if Satan

through these munitions casts his darts at us, it must needs be that the Lord himself shall be hurt before we take harm.Great is our incredulity if we hear all these things in vain.—Martin Luther.Ver.2.From henceforth, even for ever.This amplification of the promise, taken from time or duration, should be carefully noted;for it shows that the promises made to the people of Israel pertain generally to the Church in every age, and are not to expire with that polity.Thus it expressly declares, that the Church will continuously endure in this life;which is most sweet consolation for pious minds, especially in great dangers and public calamities, when everything appears to threaten ruin and destruction.—D.H.Mollerus, 1639.HINTS TO PREACHERS.Ver.2.The all surrounding presence of Jehovah the glory, safety, and eternal blessedness of his people.Yet this to the wicked would be hell.Ver.2.See “Spurgeon's Sermons”, Nos.161-2: “The Security of the Church.” Ver.2.The endurance of mercy: “From henceforth even for ever.” Ver.2.Saints hemmed in by infinite love.1.The City and the Girdle, or the symbols separated.a)Jerusalem imaging God's people.Anciently chosen;singularly honoured;much beloved;the shrine of Deity.b)The Mountain Girdle setting forth Jehovah: Strength;All sidedness;Sentinel through day and night.2.The City within the Girdle, or the symbols related.a)Delightful Entanglement.The view from the windows!(Jehovah “round about.”)To be lost must break through God!Sound sleep and safe labour.b)Omnipotent Circumvallation，suggesting—God's determination;Satan's

dismay.This mountain ring immutable.—W.B.Haynes, of Stafford.Psalms 125:3(PSALMS)EXPOSITION.Ver.3.For the rod of the wicked shall not rest upon the lot of the righteous.The people of God are not to expect immunity from trial because the Lord surrounds them, for they may feel the power and persecution of the ungodly.Isaac, even in Abraham's family, was mocked by Ishmael.Assyria laid its sceptre even upon Zion itself.The graceless often bear rule and wield the rod;and when they do so they are pretty sure to make it fall heavily upon the Lord's believing people, so that the godly cry out by reason of their oppressors.Egypt's rod was exceeding heavy upon Israel, but the time came for it to be broken.God has set a limit to the woes of his chosen: the rod may light on their portion, but it shall not rest upon it.The righteous have a lot which none can take from them, for God has appointed them heirs of it by gracious entail: on that lot the rod of the wicked may fall, but over that lot it cannot have lasting sway.The saints abide for ever, but their troubles will not.Here is a good argument in prayer for all righteous ones who are in the hands of the wicked.Lest the righteous put forth their hands unto iniquity.The tendency of oppression is to drive the best of men into some hasty deed for self deliverance or vengeance.If the rack be too long used the patient sufferer may at last give way;and therefore the Lord puts a limit to the tyranny of the wicked.He ordained that an Israelite who deserved punishment should not be beaten without measure: forty stripes save one was the appointed limit.We may therefore expect that he will set a bound to the suffering of the innocent, and will not allow them to be pushed to the uttermost extreme.Especially in point of time he will limit the domination of the persecutor, for length adds strength to oppression, and makes it intolerable;hence the Lord himself said of a certain tribulation, “except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved;but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened.” It seems that even righteous men are in peril of sinning in evil days, and that it is not the will of the Lord that they should yield to the stress of the times in order to escape from suffering.The power and influence of wicked men when they are uppermost are used to lead or drive the righteous astray;but the godly must not accept this as an excuse, and

yield to the evil pressure;far rather must they resist with all their might till it shall please God to stay the violence of tim persecutor, and give his children rest.This the Lord here promises to do in due time.EXPLANATORY NOTES AND QUAINT SAYINGS.Ver.3.The rod of the wicked.It is, their rod, made for them;if God scourge his children a little with it, he doth but borrow it from tile immediate and natural use for which it was ordained;their rod, their judgment.So it is called their cup: “This is the portion” and potion “of their cup.” Ps 11:6.—Thomas Adams, in “An Exposition of the Second Epistle of Peter”，1633.Ver.3.For the rod of the wicked, etc.According to Gussetius, this is to be understood of a measuring rod;laid not on persons, but on lands and estates;and best agrees with the lot, inheritance, and estate of the righteous;and may signify that though wicked men unjustly seize upon and retain the farms, possessions, and estates of good men, as if they were assigned to them by the measuring line;yet they shall not hold them long, or always.—John Gill.Ver.3.For the rod of the wicked shall not rest upon the lot of the righteous.No tyranny, although it appear firm and stable, is of long continuance: inasmuch as God does not relinquish the sceptre.This is manifest from the example of Pharaoh, of Saul, of Sennacherib, of Herod, and of others.Rightly, therefore, says Athanasius of Julian the Apostate, “That little cloud has quickly passed away.” And how quickly beyond all human expectation the foundations of the ungodly are overthrown is fully declared in Ps 37:1-40.—Solomon Gesner, 1559-1605.Ver.3.Shall not rest, that is to say, “l(fā)ie heavy”, so as to oppress, as in Isa 25:10, with a further sense of continuance of the oppression.—J.J.Stewart Perowne.Ver.3.Shall not rest, etc.The wrath of man, like water turned upon a mill, shall come on them with no more force than shall be sufficient for accomplishing God's gracious purposes on their souls: the rest, however menacing its power may be, shall be made to pass off by an opened sluice.Nevertheless the trouble shall be sufficient to try every man and to prove the truth and measure of his integrity.—Charles Simeon(1759-1836), in “Horae Homileticae.”

Ver.3.The lot of the righteous.There is a fourfold lot belonging to the faithful.1.The lot of the saints is the sufferings of the saints.“All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution:” 2Ti 3:12.2.The lot of the saints is also that light and happiness they have in this world.The lot is “fallen unto me in pleasant places;yea, I have a goodly heritage:” Ps 26:6.When David sat at he sheepfold, which was his lot, he was thus prepared for the kingdom of Israel which was given him by lot from God.3.But more specially faith, grace, and sanctification;which give them just right and title to the inheritance of glory.Heaven is theirs now;though not in possession, yet in succession.They have the earnest of it;let them grow up to stature and perfection, and take it.4.Lastly, they have the lot of heaven.Hell is the lot of the wicked: “Behold at evening tide trouble;and before the morning he is not.This is the portion of them that spoil us, and the lot of them that rob us”: Isa 27:14.Therefore it is said of Judas, that he went “to his own place”: Ac 1:25.“Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest;this shall be the portion of their cup”: Ps 11:6.But the lot of the righteous is faith, and the end of their faith the salvation of their souls.God gives them heaven, not for any foreseen worthiness in the receivers, for no worthiness of our own can make us our father's heirs;but for his own mercy and favour in Christ, preparing heaven for us, and us for heaven.So that upon his decree it is allotted to us;and unless heaven could lose God, we cannot lose heaven.Here, then, consider how the lottery of Canaan may shadow out to us that blessed land of promise whereof tile other was a type.—Thomas Adams.Ver.3.Lest the righteous out fort their hands unto iniquity.Lest overcome by impatience, or drawn aside by the world's allurements or affrightments, they should yield and comply with the desires of the wicked, or seek to help themselves out of trouble by sinister practices.God(saith Chrysostom)acts like a lutanist, who will not let the strings of his lute be too slack, lest it mar the music, nor suffer them to be too hard stretched or screwed up, lest they break.—John Trapp, 1601-1669.Ver.3.Lest the righteous put forth their hands, etc.The trial is to prove faith, not to endanger it by too sharp a pressure: lest, overcome by this, even the faithful put forth a hand(as in Ge 3:22), to forbidden pleasure;or(as in Ex 22:8), to contamination: through force of custom gradually persuading to sinful compliance, or through despair of good, as the Psalmist(see Ps 37:1-40 and Ps 73:1-28)describes some in his day who witnessed the prosperity of wicked men.—The Speaker's Commentary, 1871-1881.HINTS TO PREACHERS.Ver.3.Observe, 1.The Permission implied.The rod of the wicked may come upon the lot of the righteous.Why?

a)That wickedness may be free to manifest itself.b)That the righteous may be made to hate sin.c)That the righteousness of God's retribution may be seen.d)That the consolations of the righteous may abound.2Co 1:5.2.The Permanency denied: “The rod...shall not rest”, etc.Illustrate by history of Job, Joseph, David, Daniel, Christ, martyrs, etc.3.The Probity tried and preserved: “Lest the righteous put forth”, etc., by rebelling, sinful compromise, etc.a)God will have it tried, to prove its worth, beauty, etc.b)But no more than sufficiently tried.—John Field, of Sevenoaks.Ver.3-4.1.The good defined: “The upright in heart”;such as do not “turn aside”, and are not “workers of iniquity.”

2.The good distressed: by “the rod of the wicked.” 3.The good delivered: “Do good”;fulfil thy promise(Ps 125:3).—W.H.J.Page.Psalms 125:4(PSALMS)EXPOSITION.Ver.4.Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good, and to them that are upright in their hearts.Men to be good at all must be good at heart.Those who trust in the Lord are good;for faith is the root of righteousness, and the evidence of uprightness.Faith in God is a good and upright thing, and its influence makes the rest of the man good and upright.To such God will do good: the prayer of the text is but another form of promise, for that which the Lord prompts us to ask he virtually promises to give.Jehovah will take off evil from his people, and in the place thereof will enrich them with all manner of good.When the rod of the wicked is gone his own rod and staff shall comfort us.Meanwhile it is for us to pray that it may be well with all the upright who are now among men.God bless them, and do them good in every possible form.We wish well to those who do well.We are so plagued by the crooked that we would pour benedictions upon the upright.EXPLANATORY NOTES AND QUAINT SAYINGS.Ver.4.Do good, O Lord, unto those that be good.The Midrash here calls to mind a Talmudic riddle: —There came a good one(Moses Ex 2:2)and received a good thing(the Thra, or Law, Pr 4:2)from the good One(God, Ps 145:9)for the good ones(Israel, Ps 125:4).—Franz Delitzsch, 1871.Ver.4.Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good.A favourite thought with Nehemiah.See Ne 2:8,18 5:19 13:14,31: “Remember me, O my God, for good”, the concluding words of his book.—Christopher Wordsworth, 1872.Ver.4.Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good.They consult their own good best, who do most good.I may say these three things of those who do good(and what is serving God but doing of good? or what is doing good but serving God?).First, they shall receive true good.Secondly, they shall for ever hold the best good, the chief good;they shall not only spend their days and years in good;but when their days and years are spent, they shall have good, and a greater good than any they had, in spending the days and years of this life.They shall have good in death, they shall

come to a fuller enjoyment of God, the chief good, when they have left and let fall the possession of all earthly goods.Thirdly, they that do good shall find all things working together for their good;if they have a loss they shall receive good by it;if they bear a cross, that cross shall bear good to them.—Joseph Caryl, 1602-1673.Ver.4.Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good, etc.Perhaps it may not prove unprofitable to enquire, with some minuteness, who are the persons for whom prayer is presented, and who have an interest in the Divine promises.They are brought before us under different denominations.In Ps 125:1, they are described as trusting in the Lord: in Ps 125:2, they are described as the Lord's people: in Ps 125:3, they are called the righteous: in Ps 125:4, they are called good and upright in heart: and in Ps 125:5, they are called Israel.Let us collect these terms together, and endeavour to ascertain from them, what is their true condition and character, for whose security the Divine perfections are pledged.And while a rapid sketch is thus drawn, let each breathe the silent prayer, “Search me, O God, and know my heart;try me, and know my thoughts;and see if there be any wicked Way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.” —N.M'Michael, in “The Pilgrim Psalms”, 1860.Ver.4.Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good.Believers are described as “good”.The name is explained by the Spirit as implying the indwelling of the Holy Ghost and of faith.It is proof that no guile is harboured in their hearts.Prayer is made that God would visit them with goodness.This prayer incited by the Spirit amounts to a heavenly promise that they shall receive such honour.—Henry Law, in “Family Devotion”, 1878.Ver.4.Them that be good.Oh, brethren, the good in us is God in us.The inwardness makes the outwardness, the godliness the beauty.It is indisputable that it is Christ in us that makes all our Christianity.Oh, Christians who have no Christ in them—such Christians are poor, cheap imitations, and hollow shams—and Christ will, with infinite impatience, even infinite love, fling them away.—Charles Stanord, in a Sermon preached before the Baptist Union，1876.Ver.4.Upright in their hearts.All true excellence has its seat here.It is not the good action which makes the good man: it is the good man who does the good action.The merit of an action depends entirely upon the motives which have prompted its performance;and, tried by this simple test, how many deeds, which have wrung from the world its admiration and its glory, might well be described in old words, as nothing better than

splendid sins.When the heart is wrong, all is wrong.When the heart is right, all is right.—N.M'Michael.Ver.4.Upright.Literally, straight, straightforward, as opposed to all moral obliquity whatever.—Joseph Addison Alexander(1809-1860), in “The Psalms Translated and Explained.” HINTS TO PREACHERS.Ver.4.1.What it is to be good.2.What it is for God to do us good.Psalms 125:5(PSALMS)EXPOSITION.Ver.5.As for such as turn aside unto their crooked ways, the LORD shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity.Two kinds of men are always to be found, the upright and the men of crooked ways.Alas, there are some who pass from one class to another, not by a happy conversion, turning from the twisting lanes of deceit into the highway of truth, but by an unhappy declension leaving the main road of honesty and holiness for the bypaths of wickedness.Such apostates have been seen in all ages, and David knew enough of them;he could never forget Saul, and Ahithophel, and others.How sad that men who once walked in the right way should turn aside from it!Observe the course of the false hearted: first, they look out for crooked ways;next, they choose them and make them “their crooked ways”;and then they turn aside into them.They never intend to go back unto perdition, but only to make a curve and drop into the right road again.The straight way becomes a little difficult, and so they make a circumbendibus, which all along aims at coming out right, though it may a little deviate from precision.These people are neither upright in heart, nor good, nor trusters in Jehovah, and therefore the Lord will deal otherwise with them than with his own people: when execution day comes these hypocrites and time servers shall be led out to the same gallows as the openly wicked.All sin will one day be expelled the universe, even as criminals condemned to die are led out of the city;then shall secret traitors find themselves ejected with open rebels.Divine truth will unveil their hidden pursuits, and lead them forth, and to the surprise

of many they shall be set in the same rank with those who avowedly wrought iniquity.But peace shall be upon Israel.In fact the execution of the deceivers shall tend to give the true Israel peace.When God is smiting the unfaithful not a blow shall fall upon the faithful.The chosen of the Lord shall not only be like Salem, but they shall have salem, or peace.Like a prince, Israel has prevailed with God, and therefore he need not fear the face of man;his wrestlings are over, the blessing of peace has been pronounced upon him.He who has peace with God may enjoy peace concerning all things.Bind the first and last verses together: Israel trusts in the Lord Ps 125:1, and Israel has peace Ps 125:5.EXPLANATORY NOTES AND QUAINT SAYINGS.Ver.5.Such as turn aside unto their crooked ways.This is the anxiety of the pastor in this pilgrim song.The shepherd would keep his sheep from straggling.His distress is that all in Israel are not true Israelites.Two sorts of people, described by the poet, have ever been in the church.The second class, instead of being at the trouble to “withstand in the evil day”, will “put forth their hands unto iniquity”.Rather than feel, they will follow the rod of the wicked.They will “turn aside unto their crooked ways”, sooner than risk temporal and material interests.—Edward Jewitt Robinson, in “The Caravan and the Temple”, 1878.Ver.5.Such as turn aside unto their crooked ways.All the ways of sin are called “crooked ways”, and they are our own ways.The Psalmist calls them “their crooked ways”;that is, the ways of their own devising;whereas the way of holiness is the Lord's way.To exceed or do more;to be deficient or do less, than God requires, both these are “crooked ways”.The way of the Lord lies straight forward, right before us.“Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved;but he that is perverse(or crooked)in his ways shall fall at once”: Pr 28:18.The motion of a godly man is like that of the kine that carried the ark: “Who took the straight way to the way of Bethshemesh, and went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left”: 1Sa 6:12.—Joseph Caryl.Ver.5.Crooked ways.The ways of sinners are “crooked”;they shift from one pursuit to another, and turn hither and thither to deceive;they wind about a thousand ways to conceal their base intentions, to accomplish their iniquitous projects, or to escape the punishment of their crimes;yet disappointment, detection, confusion, and misery, are their inevitable portion.—Thomas Scott, 1747-1821.Ver.5.The LORD shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity.They walked according to the prince of the air, and they shall go where the prince of the air is.God will bring forth men from their hiding places.Though they walk among the drove of his children, in procession now, yet if they also walk in by lanes of sin, God will rank them at the latter day, yea, often in this world, with the workers of iniquity.They walk after workers of iniquity here before God, and God will make manifest that it is so before he hath done with them.The reason, my brethren, why they are to be reckoned among workers of iniquity, and as walkers among them, though they sever themselves from them in respect of external conversation, is, because they agree in the same internal principle of sin.They walk in their lusts: every unregenerate man doth so.Refine him how you will, it is certain he doth in heart pursue “crooked ways.” —Thomas Goodwin, 1600-1679.Ver.5.Sometimes God takes away a barren professor by permitting him to fall into open profaneness.There is one that hath taken up a profession of the worthy name of the Lord Jesus Christ, but this profession is only a cloak;he secretly practises wickedness;he is a glutton, or a drunkard, or covetous, or unclean.Well, saith God, I will loose the reins of this professor, I will give him up to his vile affections.I will loose the reins of his sins before him, he shall be entangled with his filthy lusts, he shall be overcome of ungodly company.Thus they that turn aside to their own crooked ways, the Lord shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity.—John Bunyan, 1628-1688.Ver.5.But peace shall be upon Israel.Do you ask, What is the peace upon Israel? I answer: —First, the peace of Israel, that is, of a believing and holy soul, is from above, and is higher than all the disturbances of the world;it rests upon him, and makes him calm and peaceful, and lifts him above the world: for upon him rests the Holy Spirit, who is the Comforter;who is essential love and uncreated peace.Secondly, the peace of a believing and holy soul is internal for it is sent down from heaven upon his head, flows into his heart, and dwells there, and stills all agitations of mind.Thirdly, the peace of a believing and holy soul, is also external.It is a fountain of Paradise watering all the face of the earth: Ge 2:6: you see it in the man's face and life.Fourthly, the peace of a believing and holy soul is divine: for chiefly, it maintains peace with God.Fifthly, the peace of a believing and holy soul is universal:to wit, with neighbours, with God, with himself: in the body, in the eyes, in the cars, in tasting, smelling, feeling, in all the members, and in all the appetites.This peace is not disturbed by devils, the world, and the flesh, setting forth their honours, riches, pleasures.Sixthly, the peace of a believing and holy soul is peace eternal and never interrupted;

for it flows from an eternal and exhaustless fountain, even from God himself.—Condensed from Le Blanc, 1599-1669.Ver.5.Israel.The Israelites derived their joint names from the two chief parts of religion: Israelites, from Israel, whose prayer was his “strength”(Ho 12:3), and Jews, from Judah, whose name means “praise.” —George Seaton Bowes, in “Illustrative Gatherings”, 1869.HINTS TO PREACHERS.Ver.5.Temporary Professors.1.The crucial test: “They turn aside.” 2.The crooked policy: they make crooked ways their own.3.The crushing doom: “l(fā)ed forth with workers of iniquity.” Ver.5.Hypocrites.1.Their ways: “crooked.”

a)Like the way of a winding stream, seeking out the fair level, or the easy descent.b)Like the course of a tacking ship, which skilfully makes every wind to drive her forward.c)Ways constructed upon no principle but that of pure selfishness.2.Their conduct under trial.They “turn aside.”

a)From their religious profession.b)From their former companions.c)To become the worst scorners of spiritual things, and the most violent calumniators of spiritually minded men.3.Their doom: “The Lord shall”, etc.a)In the judgment they shall be classed with the most flagrant of sinners;“with the workers of iniquity.”

b)They shall be exposed by an irresistible power: “The Lord shall lead them forth.”

c)They shall meet with terrible execution with the wicked in hell.—J.Field.Ver.5.(last clause).To whom peace belongs.To “Israel”;the chosen, the once wrestler, the now prevailing prince.Consider Jacob's life after he obtained the name of Israel;note his trials, and his security under them as illustrating this text.Then take the text as a sure promise.Ver.5.(last clause).Enquire, 1.Who are the Israel?

a)Converted ones.b)Circumcised in heart.c)True worshippers.2.What is the peace?

a)Peace of conscience.b)Of friendship with God.c)Of a settled and satisfied heart.d)Of eternal glory, in reversion.3.Why the certainty(“shall be”)?

a)Christ has made peace for them.b)The Holy Spirit brings peace to them.c)They walk in the way of peace.—J.Field.WORK UPON THE 125 PSALM.For lists of Works upon the Psalms of Degrees, see note for Psalm 120.

第二篇：詩篇第51篇(下)

詩篇第51篇（下）

第51篇

我是在罪孽里生的鑰節(jié)：我是在罪孽里生的，在我母親懷胎的時候就有了罪。（5節(jié)）第51篇的標題說：“大衛(wèi)與拔示巴同室以后，先知拿單來見他，他作這詩?！币虼吮酒谴笮l(wèi)的懺悔詩。大衛(wèi)說“我是在罪孽里生的”（5）。然而，只有大衛(wèi)一個是“在罪孽里生的”嗎？這樣說來，這首懺悔詩提出了在原罪下所有人的問題。也就是說神通過大衛(wèi)的罪讓我們看到自己的樣子。所以第13節(jié)說：“我就把你的道指教有過犯的人，罪人必歸順你?！贝鸢妇驮谟谌绾尾拍堋巴磕ㄎ业倪^犯（1），將我的罪孽洗除凈盡，并潔除我的罪（2）”。第一單元（1-7）認罪第二單元（8-12）祈求恢復第三單元（13-19）傳揚拯救之道第三單元（13-19）傳揚拯救之道第三單元的中心在于“我就把你的道指教……（13），我的口便傳揚……（15）”中所說的“傳揚”一詞。大衛(wèi)在第一單元承認了自己的罪，在第二單元確認自己仍得救恩之樂，那么，在第三單元他必然要“傳揚”這一大好的消息。這樣一來，“罪人必歸順你”這節(jié)經(jīng)文就明確地告訴了我們，第51篇所說的不是大衛(wèi)個人的問題，而是所有人都應當解決的問題。⑨第13節(jié)說：“我就把你的道指教有過犯的人，罪人必歸順你。”A．在因自己的罪嘆息、痛悔的時候，竟然還能想到“把你的道指教有過犯的人”，可以說這是驚人的飛躍。那么，他是如何生出這樣的心的呢？第13節(jié)說“我就……”我們可以把它看成是承接以上1-12節(jié)所有內容的句子，但其中特別要提及的是“求你使我得聽歡喜快樂的聲音，使你所壓傷的骨頭可以踴躍（8），求你使我仍得救恩之樂（12）”。因為“有過犯的人”就像生病的人一樣，應當“傳揚”給他們，使他們“歸順”神的消息就是這“歡喜快樂的聲音”。B．就這一點而言，一個典型的人物是使徒保羅。他親口見證說：“我從前是褻瀆神的，逼迫人的，侮慢人的……然而我蒙了憐憫，是因耶穌基督要在我這罪魁身上顯明他一切的忍耐，給后來信他得永生的人作榜樣。”（提前1：13，16）也就是說是這個意思。以這個人為典型，“像這樣的人都能蒙了赦免、成為了使徒，那我也可以得救”。所以大衛(wèi)稱神為“神啊，你是拯救我的神”（14上）。我們經(jīng)常督促“要傳道，要傳道”，那為什么傳道就這么難呢？因為自己沒有“救恩之樂”。⑩大衛(wèi)接著說：“我的舌頭就高聲歌唱你的公義?！保?4下）那么他高聲歌唱的“你的公義”指的是什么呢？A．不是說神既有“公義”，又有“稱義”。無論到什么時候，在神，都只有公義。但是，如果神的義直接降臨到我們身上，那就是施行審判的公義，如果通過基督的代贖臨到我們的話，那就是“以致你責備我的時候顯為公義”（4）這句中所說的“稱義”。因此大衛(wèi)“高聲歌唱你的公義”中所說的公義實際上是“稱義”。B．所以第15節(jié)說：“主啊，求你使我嘴唇張開，我的口便傳揚贊美你的話?！贝笮l(wèi)為什么求神說“求你使我嘴唇張開”呢？以西結書中強調了“開口”（結24：27，29：21，33：22）一詞，這意味著將要傳揚的話放在人的口中。所以先知說：“我口就開了，不再緘默?！保ńY33：22）大衛(wèi)也說過：“我在大會中宣傳公義的佳音，我必不止住我的嘴唇。耶和華啊，這是你所知道的。”（40：9）11大衛(wèi)說：“你本不喜愛祭物，若喜愛，我就獻上；燔祭你也不喜悅。”（16）A．這在當時可以說是革命性的領悟。大衛(wèi)是如何知道這一點的呢？他在第40篇6節(jié)說：“祭物和禮物，你不喜悅，你已經(jīng)開通我的耳朵。燔祭和贖罪祭非你所要?！边@表明牲畜的血無法解決罪的問題。B．他接著說：“神所要的祭，就是憂傷的靈。神啊，憂傷痛悔的心，你必不輕看。”（17）關于這一點，我一定要說一說?！澳惚静幌矏奂牢铩焙汀吧袼募?，就是憂傷的靈”，即第16節(jié)和第17節(jié)這部分經(jīng)文，如果僅從字面來看的話，你感覺這是什么意思呢？僅憑“痛悔”就可以使罪得赦嗎？歪曲了這段經(jīng)文的自由主義神學家們嘲諷救贖教義，稱其為“屠宰場神學”?！皯n傷痛悔的心”恰恰顯明了自我拯救的不可行性，正如經(jīng)文所言：“我真是苦啊，誰能救我脫離這取死的身體呢？”（羅7：24）12大衛(wèi)說：“求你隨你的美意善待錫安，建造耶路撒冷的城墻?！保?8）A．第18-19節(jié)是第51篇的重要部分，相當于本詩的結論，有學者認為“建造耶路撒冷的城墻”這句話是耶路撒冷被毀之后插入的話。那“但愿以色列的救恩從錫安而出，神救回他被擄的子民。那時……”（14：7，53：6）也是被擄以后插入的話嗎？這樣說是在毀損圣經(jīng)的權威和本處經(jīng)文的榮耀。圣經(jīng)稱大衛(wèi)是先知。因此我們應當將本處經(jīng)文看作圣靈感動所寫的預言性的話語來領受。B．第一，我們應當把“建造耶路撒冷的城墻”與神與大衛(wèi)所立的“我耶和華應許你，必為你建立家室”（撒下7：11）之約結合在一起來看。在所羅門墮落的時候，神對他說：“只是我不將全國奪回，要因我仆人大衛(wèi)和我所選擇的耶路撒冷，還留一支派給你的兒子。”（王上11：13）如果按照本處經(jīng)文的描寫來說就是——我為了“建造耶路撒冷的城墻”，還留一個支派給你的兒子。C．這一點與“那時，你必喜愛公義的祭和燔祭，并全牲的燔祭；那時，人必將公牛獻在你壇上”（19）相得益彰。我們要注意“你本不喜愛祭物，燔祭你也不喜悅”（16）與“你必喜愛……全牲的燔祭”（19）形成了對照。第19節(jié)說“那時”，用的是將來時態(tài)，也就是說，神現(xiàn)在不喜愛用牲畜所獻的祭，因為祭牲的血不能解決罪的問題。D．但是，“那時”神要喜愛“不用山羊和牛犢的血，乃用自己的血，只一次進入圣所，成了永遠贖罪的事”（來9：12）的祭。所以這里說是“公義的祭和燔祭，并全牲的燔祭”。關于這一點，以賽亞書第53章中說：“耶和華卻定意將他壓傷，使他受痛苦；耶和華以他為贖罪祭。他必看見后裔，并且延長年日，耶和華所喜悅的事必在他手中亨通?！保ㄙ?3：10）這就是“求你隨你的美意善待錫安”（18上）的神的“美意”，就是“歡喜快樂的聲音”（8），就是“我就把你的道指教有過犯的人”（13）中所說的主的“道”，是“我的口便傳揚贊美”（15）的福音。默想與應用A．關于大衛(wèi)求神憑借他的“慈愛、憐恤和慈悲”涂抹自己過犯的禱告。B．“顯為公義；顯為清正”的神學意義是什么？C．關于“指教和傳揚”。D．“公義的祭和燔祭，并全牲的燔祭”的神學意義是什么？E．弟兄們，你們是否有罪得赦免、蒙神賜清潔的心和正直的靈的救恩之樂呢？如果有的話，那么我們當竭盡全力做的就是“贊美和傳揚”。

第三篇：基督教圣誕節(jié)講道

基督教圣誕節(jié)講道

耶穌誕生普天同慶

我今天想和大家一起探討有關圣誕節(jié)這個題目。按照基督教的傳統(tǒng)，圣誕節(jié)是在西歷十二月二十五日。圣誕節(jié)是記念耶穌基督的生日。按照圣經(jīng)的記載，耶穌基督——這位天上真神的獨生兒子，在接近二千年前為了拯救我們的罪而降生在世上。祂在世上的肉身父母約瑟和馬利亞因為人口統(tǒng)計的緣故，回到他們的故鄉(xiāng)猶大的伯利恒，耶穌便在伯利恒城出世了。

至於耶穌出生的日子是否十二月二十五日，一般學者都沒法確定。大部份學者相信這個日子是在主耶穌降生之后三百多年才加上去的。但這不是一個大問題，因為主耶穌降生這件事，卻是在歷史上有清楚的記載，是千真萬確的事實。

有些人可能會說，我對這些事根本沒有興趣，主耶穌有沒有降生到世上，又或祂在那一日降生，這一切都與我無關。但事實是否如此呢？在路加福音2：8-14節(jié)中說到，在耶穌降生那一天晚上，有天使對當時在曠野看守羊群的牧羊人說：「我報給你們大喜的信息，是關乎萬民的」。真的，耶穌基督來到世上這一件事實，每天都在影響你和我以及世上每一個人的生活，不論我們喜歡與否。基督教圣誕節(jié)開幕詞

例如今年是2012年，這便是從耶穌基督降生那一年算起，不論東方或西方，信神與不信神的國家，也是用這一個歷法，從來沒有人能更改的。又如我們常見的救護車，都有紅色的十字架做記號，這個紅色十字架便是象征耶穌基督在十字架上為我們犧牲流血。此外，現(xiàn)在世界上許多人民，都在享受民主政治的制度。民主制度是在宗教改革時產(chǎn)生的，由當時的基督徒把圣經(jīng)中的民主思想，即是耶穌作眾人公仆的思想發(fā)揚光大而來的。主耶穌在馬太福音第二十章說：「誰愿為首，就必作你們的仆人。正如人子來，不是要受人服事，乃是要服事人，并且要舍命，作多人的贖價。」沒有耶穌誕生，也就沒有民主政制。

真的，耶穌基督的降生是關乎萬民的信息，但奇怪的地方是圣經(jīng)并沒有叫我們記念這件事，反而叫我們記念祂的死亡。圣經(jīng)似乎是說主的生是重要，但祂的死更為重要。當然，如果主沒有生，祂便不可能有死。但主的生只帶來人類的盼望，如果祂不為我們死，也是不行的。惟有主為我們死在十字架上，才能徹底解決世人的罪惡問題。

一般人都是貪生怕死的，唯獨主耶穌不逃避死亡。我們可以說祂是為死而生，祂是為在十字架上流血而誕生的。祂不流血，我們的罪便不得赦免；祂不死，我們便不能與神和好。但基督并不是就此便死了，祂在三日后從死里復活了。使徒保羅在哥林多前書第十五章說：「若基督?jīng)]有復活，我們所傳的便是枉然，你們所信的也是枉然……你們仍在罪里……我們若靠基督，只在今生有指望，就算比眾人更可憐」。保羅的意思是基督不但死了，祂更從死里復活，證明祂戰(zhàn)勝罪惡。我們若相信祂的話，我們也同樣可以戰(zhàn)勝罪惡，并且也可盼望將來與主一同復活，享受天國的福份?；浇淌フQ節(jié)節(jié)目

因此，保羅在哥林多前書第十五章對這個大喜信息，這個福音，這個幸福的音訊作了這樣一個簡介：「我當日所領受又傳給們的；第一，就是基督照圣經(jīng)所說，為我們的罪死了，而且埋葬了；又照圣經(jīng)所說，第三天復活了」。真的，耶穌的降生只帶給我們希望，祂的死也只解決我們過去所犯的罪，惟有主的復活才徹底解決我們的罪性，使我們能遠離罪。

在主降生的晚上，天使說「在至高之處榮耀歸與神，在地上平安歸與祂所喜悅的人」。在今天的世界中，處處充滿危機、戰(zhàn)爭、天災和人禍，平安可以說是人夢寐以求的。但我們可以從哪里找到平安呢？找到以后，又可以維持多久呢？今天的經(jīng)文告訴我們主可以賜我們平安。為什麼呢？因為這一位在圣誕節(jié)降生在馬槽里的耶穌，在人眼中祂不過是一個普通的嬰孩，但在那些明察秋毫的天使眼中，祂卻是創(chuàng)造并掌管整個宇宙及人類歷史的主宰。祂不但為我們解決了罪的問題，而且祂今天仍然活著，陪伴我們面對人生路途上的各種問題。這便是平安，真正的平安。試問誰能給我們更大的保障呢？是親人麼？朋友麼？金錢麼？制度麼？還是那一位能平靜風浪、起死回生和應許永遠與我們同在的主耶穌基督呢？

耶穌到底是在那一天降生呢？由於圣經(jīng)沒有記載，我們真的沒法肯定。但祂在那一天降生并不重要，最重要的是祂確實降生為人，且為我們死，而且更為我們復活。所謂祂在二千多年前降生，也不過是祂肉體的降生，其實祂是早已存在了。因為祂是神，是無始無終，是自有永有的。有人說，中國孔子離現(xiàn)在已二千五百多年了，比耶穌還要早五百多年，因此認為基督教是很稚嫩的宗教。誰不知這是一知半解的看法而已。我們要知道耶穌在沒有宇宙之前已存在，祂舍棄天上的榮華降世為人，是為了拯救你和我，使我們得到平安喜樂。愿我們每天都記念祂這種偉大無比的愛，不但在圣誕節(jié)記念，不但在復活節(jié)記念，更在我們日常生活中愛祂，聽祂的話，為祂作美好的見證。

本文來自:不煩經(jīng)期網(wǎng) 【http://004km.cn】

第四篇：基督教講道

基督教講道

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第五篇：宋元詩篇

宋元詩篇

? 柳永

雨霖鈴

寒蟬凄切。對長亭晚，驟雨初歇。都門帳飲無緒，方留戀處、蘭舟催發(fā)。執(zhí)手相看淚眼，竟無語凝噎。念去去、千里煙波，暮靄沉沉楚天闊。

多情自古傷離別。更那堪、冷落清秋節(jié)。今宵酒醒何處? 楊柳岸、曉風殘月。此去經(jīng)年，應是良辰好景虛設。便縱有、千種風情，更與何人說。

八聲甘州

對瀟瀟、暮雨灑江天，一番洗清秋。漸霜風凄慘，關河冷落，殘照當樓。是處紅衰翠減，苒苒物華休。惟有長江水，無語東流。

不忍登高臨遠，望故鄉(xiāng)渺邈，歸思難收。嘆年來蹤跡，何事苦淹留。想佳人、妝樓颙望，誤幾回、天際識歸舟。爭知我、倚闌干處，正恁凝愁。

? 歐陽修

戲答元珍

春風疑不到天涯，二月山城未見花。殘雪壓枝猶有橘，凍雷驚筍欲抽芽。

夜聞歸雁生鄉(xiāng)思，病入新年感物華。曾是洛陽花下客，野芳雖晚不須嗟。

踏莎行

候館梅殘，溪橋柳細，草薰風暖搖征轡。離愁漸遠漸無窮，迢迢不斷如春水。

寸寸柔腸，盈盈粉淚，樓高莫近危闌倚。平蕪盡處是春山，行人更在春山外。

壹

蝶戀花

庭院深深深幾許，楊柳堆煙，簾幕無重數(shù)。玉勒雕鞍游冶處，樓高不見章臺路。雨橫風狂三月暮，門掩黃昏，無計留春住。淚眼問花花不語，亂紅飛過秋千去。

? 王安石

明妃曲（其一）

明妃初出漢宮時，淚濕春風鬢腳垂。低徊顧影無顏色，尚得君王不自持。歸來卻怪丹青手，入眼平生未曾有； 意態(tài)由來畫不成，當時枉殺毛延壽。一去心知更不歸，可憐著盡漢宮衣； 寄聲欲問塞南事，只有年年鴻雁飛。家人萬里傳消息：“好在氈城莫相憶。君不見咫尺長門閉阿嬌，人生失意無南北。”

? 蘇軾

赤壁賦

壬戌之秋，七月既望，蘇子與客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清風徐來，水波不興，舉酒屬客，誦明月之詩，歌窈窕之章。少焉，月出于東山之上，徘徊于斗牛之間。白露橫江，水光接天。縱一葦之所如，凌萬頃之茫然。浩浩乎如馮虛御風，而不知其所止；飄飄乎如遺世獨立，羽化而登仙。

于是飲酒樂甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰：“桂棹兮蘭槳，擊空明兮泝流光。渺渺兮予懷，望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞蕭者，倚歌而和之。其聲嗚嗚然，如怨如慕，如泣如訴，余音裊裊，不絕如縷。舞幽壑之潛蛟，泣孤舟之嫠婦。

蘇子愀然，正襟危坐，而問客曰：“何為其然也？”客曰：“‘月明星稀，烏鵲南飛’，此非曹孟德之詩乎？西望夏口，東望武昌。山川相繆，郁乎蒼蒼；此非孟德之困于周郎者乎？方其破荊州，下江陵，順流而東也，舳艫千里，旌旗蔽空，釃酒臨江，橫槊賦詩；固一世之雄也，而今安在哉？況吾與子漁樵于江渚之上，侶魚蝦而友糜鹿。駕一葉之扁舟，舉匏樽以相屬。寄蜉蝣與天地，渺滄海之一粟。哀吾生之須臾，羨長江之無窮。挾飛仙以遨游，抱明月而長終。知不可乎驟得，托遺響于悲風。”

貳

蘇子曰：“客亦知夫水與月乎？逝者如斯，而未嘗往也；盈虛者如彼，而卒莫消長也。蓋將自其變者而觀之，則天地曾不能以一瞬；自其不變者而觀之，則物與我皆無盡也，而又何羨乎？且夫天地之間，物各有主。茍非吾之所有，雖一毫而莫取。惟江上之清風，與山間之明月，耳得之而為聲，目遇之而成色。取之無禁，用之不竭，是造物者之無盡藏也，而吾與子之所共食。”

客喜而笑，洗盞更酌。肴核既盡，杯盤狼藉。相與枕藉乎舟中，不知東方之既白。

? 秦觀

滿庭芳

山抹微云，天連衰草，畫角聲斷譙門。暫停征棹，聊共引離尊。多少蓬萊舊事，空回首、煙靄紛紛。斜陽外，寒鴉萬點，流水繞孤村。

消魂。當此際，香囊暗解，羅帶輕分。謾贏得、青樓薄幸名存。此去何時見也？襟袖上、空惹啼痕。傷情處，高城望斷，燈火已黃昏。

鵲橋仙

纖云弄巧，飛星傳恨，銀漢迢迢暗度。金風玉露一相逢，便勝卻、人間無數(shù)。

柔情似水，佳期如夢，忍顧鵲橋歸路。兩情若是久長時，又豈在、朝朝暮暮。

? 黃庭堅

寄黃幾復

我居北海君南海，寄雁傳書謝不能。桃李春風一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年燈。持家但有四立壁，治病不蘄三折肱。想見讀書頭已白，隔溪猿哭瘴溪藤。[

? 周邦彥

六醜

正單衣試酒，恨客里、光陰虛擲。愿春暫留，春歸如過翼，一去無跡。為問花何在？夜來風雨，葬楚宮傾國。釵鈿墮處遺香澤，處遺香澤。亂點桃蹊，輕翻柳陌。多情為誰追惜？但蜂媒蝶使，時叩窗隔。

叁

東園岑寂。漸蒙籠暗碧。靜遶饒珍叢底，成嘆息。長條故惹行客。似牽衣待話，別情無極。殘英小、強簪巾幘。終不似、一朵釵頭顫裊，向人欹側。漂流處、莫趁潮汐。恐斷紅、尚有相思字，何由見得。

? 晏幾道

臨江仙

夢后樓臺高鎖，酒醒簾幕低垂。去年春恨卻來時。落花人獨立，微雨燕雙飛。

記得小蘋初見，兩重心字羅衣。琵琶弦上說相思。當時明月在，曾照彩云歸。

? 李清照

一剪梅

紅藕香殘玉簟秋。輕解羅裳，獨上蘭舟。云中誰寄錦書來？雁字回時，月滿西樓?；ㄗ云闼粤?。一種相思，兩處閑愁。此情無計可消除，才下眉頭，卻上心頭。

醉花陰

薄霧濃云愁永晝。瑞腦銷金獸。佳節(jié)又重陽，玉枕紗櫥，半夜涼初透。

東籬把酒黃昏后，有暗香盈袖。莫道不消魂，簾卷西風，人比黃花瘦。

永遇樂

落日熔金，暮云合璧，人在何處？染柳煙濃，吹梅笛怨，春意知幾許？元宵佳節(jié)，融和天氣，次第豈無風雨？來相召，香車寶馬，謝他酒朋詩侶。

中州盛日，閨門多暇，記得偏重三五。鋪翠冠兒、捻金雪柳，簇帶爭濟楚。如今憔悴，風鬟霧鬢，怕見夜間出去。不如向、簾兒底下，聽人笑語。

武陵春

風住塵香花已盡，日晚倦梳頭。物是人非事事休。欲語淚先流。

聞說雙溪春尚好，也擬泛輕舟。只恐雙溪舴艋舟。載不動、許多愁。

肆

聲聲慢

尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候，最難將息。三杯兩盞淡酒，怎敵他、晚來風急。雁過也，正傷心，卻是舊時相識。

滿地黃花堆積，憔悴損，如今有誰堪摘。守著窗兒，獨自怎生得黑。梧桐更兼細雨，到黃昏、點點滴滴。這次第，怎一個、愁字了得。

? 陸游

關山月

和戎詔下十五年，將軍不戰(zhàn)空臨邊。朱門沉沉按歌舞，廄馬肥死弓斷弦。戍樓刁斗催落月，三十從軍今白發(fā)。笛里誰知壯士心，沙頭空照征人骨。中原干戈古亦聞，豈有逆胡傳子孫！遺民忍死望恢復，幾處令宵垂淚痕！

? 張元干

賀新郎

夢繞神州路。悵秋風、連營畫角，故宮離黍。底事昆侖傾砥柱，九地黃流亂注？ 聚萬落、千村孤兔。天意從來高難問，況人情、老易悲如許，更南浦，送君去！

涼生岸柳催殘暑。耿斜河、疏星淡月，斷云微度。萬里江山知何處？回首對床夜語。雁不到，書成難與。目盡青天懷今古，肯兒曹、恩怨相爾汝。舉大白，聽《金縷》。

? 陸游

關山月

和戎詔下十五年，將軍不戰(zhàn)空臨邊。朱門沉沉按歌舞，廄馬肥死弓斷弦。

戍樓刁斗催落月，三十從軍今白發(fā)。笛里誰知壯士心，沙頭空照征人骨。

中原干戈古亦聞，豈有逆胡傳子孫。遺民忍死望恢復，幾處今宵垂淚痕。

伍

書憤

早歲哪知世事艱，中原北望氣如山。樓船雪夜瓜洲渡，鐵馬秋風大散關。

塞上長城空自許，鏡中衰鬢已先斑。《出師》一表真名世，千載誰堪伯仲間。

卜算子

詠梅

驛外斷橋邊，寂寞開無主。已是黃昏獨自愁，更著風和雨。

無意苦爭春，一任群芳妒。零落成泥碾作塵，只有香如故

? 范成大

州橋

南望朱雀門，北望宣德樓，皆舊御路也

州橋南北是天街，父老年年等駕回。忍淚失聲詢使者：“幾時真有六軍來？”

? 辛棄疾

水龍吟

登健康賞心亭

楚天千里清秋，水隨天去秋無際。遙岑遠目，獻愁供恨，玉簪螺髻。落日樓頭，斷鴻聲里，江南游子。把吳鉤看了，欄桿拍遍，無人會，登臨意。

休說鱸魚堪繪，盡西風季鷹歸未？求田問舍，怕應羞見，劉郎才氣。可惜流年，憂愁風雨，樹猶如此！倩何人喚取，紅巾翠袖，揾英雄淚？

青玉案

東風夜放花千樹，更吹落，星如雨。寶馬雕車香滿路。鳳簫聲動，玉壺光轉，一夜魚龍舞。

蛾兒雪柳黃金縷，笑語盈盈暗香去。眾里尋他千百度，驀然回首，那人卻在，燈火闌珊處。

陸

摸魚兒

更能消、幾番風雨。匆匆春又歸去。惜春長怕花開早，何況落紅無數(shù)！春且住。見說道、天涯芳草無歸路。怨春不語。算只有殷勤、畫檐蛛網(wǎng)，盡日惹飛絮。

長門事，準擬佳期又誤。蛾眉曾有人妒。千金縱買相如賦，脈脈此情誰訴？ 君莫舞。君不見、玉環(huán)飛燕皆塵土。閑愁最苦。休去倚危欄，斜陽正在，煙柳斷腸處。

? 姜夔

揚州慢

淳熙丙申至日，子過維揚，夜雪初霽，薺麥彌望。入其城則四顧蕭條，寒水自碧。暮色漸起，戍角悲吟。予懷愴然，感慨今昔，因自度此曲。千巖老人以為有《黍離》之悲也。

淮左名都，竹西佳處，解鞍少駐初程。過春風十里，盡薺麥青青。自胡馬窺江去后，廢池喬木，猶厭言兵。漸黃昏，清角吹寒，都在空城。

杜郎俊賞，算而今、重到須驚。縱豆蔻詞工，青樓夢好，難賦深情。二十四橋仍在，波心蕩，冷月無聲。念橋邊紅藥，年年知為誰生？

? 吳文英

風入松

聽風聽雨過清明。愁草瘞花鉻。樓前綠暗分攜路，一絲柳、一寸柔情。料峭春寒中酒，交加曉夢啼鶯。

西園日日掃林亭。依舊賞新晴。黃蜂頻撲秋千索，有當時、纖手香凝。惆悵雙鴛不到，幽階一夜苔生。

唐多令

何處合成愁。離人心上秋?？v芭蕉、不雨也颼颼。都道晚涼天氣好，有明月、怕登樓。

年事夢中休。花空煙水流。燕辭歸，客尚淹留。垂柳不縈裙帶住，漫長是、柒

系行舟。

? 文天祥

過零丁洋

辛苦遭逢起一經(jīng)，干戈寥落四周星。山河破碎風飄絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。

皇恐灘頭說皇恐，零丁洋里嘆零丁。人生自古誰無死？留取丹心照汗青。

? 蔣捷

一剪梅

一片春愁待酒澆，江上舟搖，樓上簾招。秋娘渡與泰娘橋。風也飄飄，雨也蕭蕭。

何時歸家洗客袍?銀字笙調，心字香燒。流光容易把人拋。紅了櫻桃，綠了巴蕉。

虞美人

少年聽雨歌樓上。紅燭昏羅帳。壯年聽雨客舟中，江闊云低，斷雁叫西風。而今聽雨僧廬下。鬢已星星也。悲歡離合總無情，一任階前、點滴到天明。

? 馬致遠

越調·天凈沙

秋思

枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風瘦馬。夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。

? 王冕

白梅

冰雪林中著此身，不同桃李混芳塵。忽然一夜清香發(fā)，散作乾坤萬里春。

捌

? 滄浪詩話·詩辯

（宋）嚴羽

一

夫學詩者以識為主：入門須正，立志須高；以漢魏晉、盛唐為師，不作開元、天寶以下人物。若自生退屈，即有下劣詩魔入其肺腑之間；由立志之不高也。行有未至，可加工力；路頭一差，愈騖愈遠，由入門之不正也。故曰：學其上，僅得其中；學其中，斯為下矣。又曰，見過于師，僅堪傳授；見與師齊，減師半德也。工夫須從上做下，不可從下做上。先須熟讀《楚詞》，朝夕諷詠以為之本；及讀《古詩十九首》，《樂府》四篇，李陵、蘇武、漢魏五言皆須熟讀，即以李、杜二集枕藉觀之，如今人之治經(jīng)，然后博取盛唐名家，醞釀胸中，久之自然悟入。雖學之不至，亦不失正路。此乃是從頂?上做來，謂之向上一路，謂之直截根源，謂之頓門，謂之單刀直入也。

二

詩之法有五：曰體制，曰格力，曰氣象，曰興趣，曰音節(jié)。

三

詩之品有九：曰高，曰古，曰深，曰遠，曰長，曰雄渾，曰飄逸，曰悲壯，曰凄婉。其用工有三：曰起結，曰句法，曰字眼。其大概有二：曰優(yōu)游不迫、曰沉著痛快。詩之極致有一：曰入神。詩而入神，至矣，盡矣，蔑以加矣！惟李杜得之，他人得之蓋寡也。

四

禪家者流，乘有小大，宗有南北，道有邪正。學者須從最上乘，具正法眼，悟第一義。若小乘禪，聲聞、辟支果，皆非正也。論詩如論禪，漢魏晉與盛唐之詩則第一義也。大歷以還之詩，則小乘禪也，已落第二義矣。晚唐之詩，則聲聞、辟支果也。學漢魏晉與盛唐詩者，臨濟下也。學大歷以還之詩者，曹洞下也。大抵禪道惟在妙悟，詩道亦在妙悟。且孟襄陽學力下韓退之遠甚，而其詩獨出退之之上者，一味妙悟而已。惟悟乃為當行，乃為本色。然悟有淺深，有分限，有透 玖

徹之悟，有但得一知半解之悟。漢魏尚矣，不假悟也。謝靈運至盛唐諸公透徹之悟也；他雖有悟者，皆非第一義也。吾評之非僭也，辯之非妄也。天下有可廢之人，無可廢之言，詩道如是也。若以為不然，則是見詩之不廣，參詩之不熟耳。試取漢魏之詩而熟參之，次取晉宋之詩而熟參之，次取南北朝之詩而熟參之，次取沈、宋、王、楊、盧、駱、陳拾遺之詩而熟參之，次取開、元天寶諸家之詩而熟參之，次獨取李杜二公之詩而熟參之，又取大歷十才子之詩而熟參之，又取元和之詩而熟參之，又盡取晚唐諸家之詩而熟參之，又取本朝蘇、黃以下諸家之詩而熟參之，其真是非自有不能隱者。倘猶于此而無見焉，則是野狐外道，蒙蔽其真識，不可救藥，終不悟也。

五

夫詩有別材，非關書也；詩有別趣，非關理也。然非多讀書，多窮理，則不能極其至。所謂不涉理路、不落言筌者，上也。詩者，吟詠情性也。盛唐諸人惟在興趣，羚羊掛角無，跡可求。故其妙處透徹玲瓏，不可湊泊，如空中之音，相中之色，水中之月，鏡中之象，言有盡而意無窮。近代諸公乃作奇特解會，遂以文字為詩，以才學為詩，以議論為詩。夫豈不工，終非古人之詩也。蓋于一唱三嘆之音，有所歉焉。且其作多務使事，不問興致；用字必有來歷，押韻必有出處，讀之反覆終篇，不知著到何在。其末流甚者，叫噪怒張，殊乖忠厚之風，殆以罵詈為詩。詩而至此，可謂一厄也。然則近代之詩無取乎？曰：有之。吾取其合于古人者而已。國初之詩尚沿襲唐人，王黃州學白樂天，楊文公、劉中山學李商隱，盛文肅學韋蘇州，歐陽公學韓退之古詩，梅圣俞學唐人平澹處。至東坡、山谷始自出己意以為詩，唐人之風變矣。山谷用工尤為深刻，其后法席盛行，海內稱為江西宗派。近世趙紫芝、翁靈舒輩，獨喜賈島、姚合之詩，稍稍復就清苦之風；江湖詩人多效其體，一時自謂之唐宗，不知止入聲聞、辟支之果，豈盛唐諸公大乘正法眼者哉！嗟乎！正法眼之無傳久矣。唐詩之說未唱，唐詩之道或有時而明也。今既唱其體曰唐詩矣，則學者謂唐詩誠止于是耳，得非詩道之重不幸邪！故予不自量度，輒定詩之宗旨，且借禪以為喻，推原漢魏以來，而截然謂當以盛唐為法，雖獲罪于世之君子，不辭也。

? 文心雕龍·原道

壹拾

劉勰

文之為德也大矣，與天地并生者何哉？夫玄黃色雜，方圓體分，日月疊璧，以垂麗天之象；山川煥綺，以鋪理地之形。此蓋道之文也。仰觀吐曜，俯察含章，高卑定位，故兩儀既生矣。唯人參之，性靈所鐘，是謂三才。為五行之秀，實天地之心。心生而言立，言立而文明，自然之道也。

傍及萬品，動植皆文：龍鳳以藻繪呈瑞，虎豹以炳蔚凝姿；云霞雕色，有逾畫工之妙；草木賁華，無待錦匠之奇。夫豈外飾，蓋自然耳。至于林籟結響，調如竽瑟；泉石激韻，和若球锽。故形立則章成矣，聲發(fā)則文生矣。夫以無識之物，郁然有彩，有心之器，其無文歟！

人文之元，肇自太極，幽贊神明，《易》象惟先。庖犧畫其始，仲尼翼其終。而《乾》《坤》兩位，獨制《文言》。言之文也，天地之心哉！若乃《河圖》孕乎八卦，《洛書》韞乎九疇，玉版金鏤之實，丹文綠牒之華，誰其尸之，亦神理而已。

自鳥跡代繩，文字始炳。炎皞遺事，紀在《三墳》，而年世渺邈，聲采靡追。唐虞文章則煥乎始盛。元首載歌，既發(fā)吟詠之志；益稷陳謨，亦垂敷奏之風。夏后氏興，業(yè)峻鴻績，九序惟歌，勛德彌縟。逮及商周，文勝其質，《雅》《頌》所被，英華日新。文王患憂，繇辭炳曜，符采復隱，精義堅深。重以公旦多材，振其徽烈，剬詩緝頌，斧藻群言。至夫子繼圣，獨秀前哲。熔鈞六經(jīng)，必金聲而玉振。雕琢情性，組織辭令，木鐸起而千里應，席珍流而萬世響，寫天地之輝光，曉生民之耳目矣。

爰自風姓，暨于孔氏，玄圣創(chuàng)典，素王述訓，莫不原道心以敷章，研神理而設教。取象乎《河》、《洛》，問數(shù)乎蓍龜，觀天文以極變，察人文以成化。然后能經(jīng)緯區(qū)宇，彌綸彝憲，發(fā)輝事業(yè)，彪炳辭義。故知道沿圣以垂文，圣因文而明道，旁通而無滯，日用而不匱《易》曰：“鼓天下之動者存乎辭?！鞭o之所以能鼓天下者，乃道之文也。

贊曰：道心惟微，神理設教。光采玄圣，炳耀仁孝。龍圖獻體，龜書呈貌。天文斯觀，民胥以效。

壹拾壹

壹拾貳