第一篇:2018年江蘇高考專題一語法知識:第9講特殊句式與主謂一致
第9講 特殊句式與主謂一致
1.The publication of Great Expectations,which________both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江蘇,24)A.is B.a(chǎn)re C.was D.were 答案 C 解析 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意為:《遠(yuǎn)大前程》這部小說的出版發(fā)行受到了廣泛評論和高度贊揚,這鞏固了狄更斯作為頂尖小說家的地位??崭裉幣c后面的reviewed和praised一起構(gòu)成定語從句的謂語,根據(jù)主句謂語strengthened判斷這里用一般過去時;定語從句的關(guān)系詞which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”,主語核心詞是publication,故be動詞用was。因此選C。
2.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津,6)A.regard
C.a(chǎn)re regarded
答案 B 解析 考查主謂一致和語態(tài)。句意為:如今,騎行與慢跑、游泳一起被認(rèn)為是最全面的運動方式之一。當(dāng)主語后面接由along with引起的短語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)和主語(cycling)保持一致,排除A、C兩項;cycling與regard之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),排除D項。故選B項。3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津,11)A.who
C.which
答案 D 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判定。句意為:正是當(dāng)我回到公寓時,我第一次偶然遇見了我的新鄰居們。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法是將It is/was與that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一個成分完整的句子。經(jīng)判斷,“When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整,由此可斷定本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,并且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時間狀語,故空格處應(yīng)
B.where D.that B.is regarded D.regards 用that。
4.Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江蘇,34)A.they had encouraged
C.did they encourage
答案 C 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:直到最近他們才鼓勵農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展與旅游相關(guān)的活動。根據(jù)句首的Not until可知,本句要用部分倒裝形式,先排除A、D兩項;encourage表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,故用一般過去時。
5.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津,13)A.who B.which C.where D.that 答案 D 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判定。句意為:你等錯地方了。長途公共汽車是在旅館接的游客。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法是將It is/was與that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)依然完整。經(jīng)判斷,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明確,故本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。因強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容是地點,故空格處應(yīng)填that。
6.Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津,3)A.she realized
C.she has realized
答案 D 解析 考查倒裝及時態(tài)。句意為:直到莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室時,她才意識到她把合同忘在家里了?!皁nly+狀語從句”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時,主句要用部分倒裝。根據(jù)時間狀語“when Lily walked into the office”可知要用一般過去時。故答案為D。
7.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重慶,9)A.while
C.that
答案 C
B.though D.a(chǎn)fter
B.has she realized D.did she realize
B.had they encouraged
D.they encouraged 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:巴赫于1750年去世,但是他的音樂才能一直到19世紀(jì)早期才完全被認(rèn)可。本句是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他,本句被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是not until the early 19th century。故選C。
8.If ________ for the job,you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京,31)A.to accept
C.a(chǎn)ccepting
答案 D 解析 考查省略句。句意為:如果你被錄用做這份工作的話,你將會很快得到通知。本題中if之后省略了主語和be動詞,補(bǔ)充完整為:If you are accepted for the job,所以選D。9.It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.(2015·湖南,27)A.is;takes
C.a(chǎn)re;take
答案 A 解析 考查主謂一致。句意為:成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的總和,它常常需要很多年的時間才能實現(xiàn),記住這些很重要。此處success是不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選A項。
10.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015·湖南,31)A.to keep
C.keep
答案 C 解析 考查祈使句。句意為:一直要記住:你的主要任務(wù)是使這家公司運轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句一般以動詞原形開頭,故用keep。keep in mind記住,是固定搭配。
11.No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(2014·陜西,17)A.had Mo Yan
C.has Mo Yan
答案 A 解析 考查倒裝及時態(tài)。no sooner had sb.done...than...引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,且當(dāng)no sooner位
B.Mo Yan had D.Mo Yan has B.to have kept D.have kept B.a(chǎn)re;takes D.is;take B.a(chǎn)ccept D.a(chǎn)ccepted 于主句句首時,主句用部分倒裝,即將主句中的助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞提到其主語前,排除B、D兩項;由從句時態(tài)可知用過去完成時,助動詞had提前。故選A。
12.It was the culture,rather than the language,________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建,29)A.where
C.that
答案 C 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:是風(fēng)俗文化而不是語言,使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)主語部分the culture,rather than the language,所以用that引導(dǎo)。故選C。
13.Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?(2014·四川,3)A.why
C.where
答案 D 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:是不是因為Jack上學(xué)遲到史密斯先生才生氣的?此題考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句,所強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主句的原因狀語從句because Jack came late for school,故選that。
14.________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大綱全國,33)A.Calling
C.To call
答案 B 解析 考查祈使句。句意為:明天給我打電話,我會讓你知道實驗結(jié)果的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是“祈使句+and+簡單句”這一固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。故B項正確。
15.All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南,32)A.a(chǎn)re
C.is
答案 C 解析 考查主謂一致和動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)表語a small piece of land可知謂語用單數(shù),且根據(jù)從句的時態(tài)可知所填詞用一般現(xiàn)在時,故選C。16.—I spent two weeks in London last summer.B.was D.were B.Call D.Having called B.who D.that B.why D.what —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,_____ you?(2014·重慶,10)A.mustn’t
C.didn’t
答案 C 解析 考查反意疑問句。答語句意為:那你在倫敦逗留期間肯定去看過大英博物館,對嗎?must have done在句中表示對過去事實的推測,當(dāng)句末有反意疑問的語氣時,可分為兩種情況:(1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時,反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“haven’t/hasn’t...?”;(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時,結(jié)構(gòu)為“didn’t...?”。題中l(wèi)ast summer表示的是一個確定的過去時間,故C項正確。
17.“Never for a second,” the boy says,“________that my father would come to my rescue.”(2013·江蘇,27)A.I doubted
C.I have doubted
答案 D
解析 句意為:這個男孩說:“我從不懷疑我父親會來救我?!碑?dāng)否定副詞或具有否定含義的短語臵于句首時,句子常用部分倒裝。故本題要用部分倒裝。再根據(jù)would come to...可知,是在講過去發(fā)生的事,故用過去時。
18.At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013·遼寧,26)A.they actually broke B.do they actually break C.did they actually break D.they had actually broken 答案 C 解析 考查倒裝句型。at no time為介詞短語,當(dāng)其位于句首時,句子應(yīng)該用部分倒裝,根據(jù)第二個句子可知時態(tài)為過去時。故選C。
19.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,28)A.not to do
C.not do
答案 B
B.not to D.do not B.do I doubt D.did I doubt B.haven’t D.hadn’t 解析 考查不定式的否定及省略。句意為:司機(jī)想把車停在路邊,但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police為干擾部分,可以去掉,句式為ask sb.to do sth.的被動語態(tài)的否定形式。A選項后加it也正確。
20.Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.(2013·江蘇,21)A.is B.a(chǎn)re C.was D.were 答案 A
解析 考查時態(tài)與主謂一致。句意為:一般來說,來自別人較高的期望值與學(xué)生內(nèi)在的驅(qū)動力對他們的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句的主語部分為students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others,中心詞inner motivation為第三人稱單數(shù)。該題說的是普遍現(xiàn)象,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1.在復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)合句的倒裝時,要注意分清倒裝主句還是倒裝從句。一般來說要倒裝主句,從句倒裝包括兩種情形:一是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;二是if虛擬條件句。在if虛擬條件句中,如果從句中含有should,were或had,可把if省去,把should,were或had提到主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他是個孩子,但他懂得很多。
Had I known her telephone number,I would have rung her up.如果我知道她的電話號碼,我早就打電話給她了。
2.在not only...but also...;hardly...when...;no sooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中,前半部分倒裝而后半部分不倒裝。
Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來了。
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was...that/who...結(jié)構(gòu)中,it是引導(dǎo)詞,本身沒有詞義,僅起連接作用。It was not until a few months later that he knew the story.直到幾個月后,他才知道這故事。
4.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it,且從句謂語動詞為be時,可以省略從句的主語和be。Be careful while(you are)crossing the street.過街時要小心。
If(it is)possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫助你擺脫困境。
5.由with,along with,together with,like,but,except,besides,as well as,rather than,including,in addition to等連接的并列名詞作主語,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于前面的名詞。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我,他對這件事也有責(zé)任。
6.“so+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示前面提到的肯定的情況也適合后者;“so+主語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”表示“??的確如此”。He has been to China,so have we.他去過中國,我們也去過。—He works hard.—So he does.——他工作努力?!_實是這樣。
7.“only+狀語(從句)”位于句首時句子要用部分倒裝;“only+主語”位于句首時句子不倒裝。
Only in this way can the experiment succeed.惟有這樣做,試驗才能成功。Only his father was right.只有他的父親是對的。
8.在以地點副詞here,there開頭的倒裝句中,如果句子的主語是人稱代詞,主語和謂語不需要倒裝。比較: Here he comes.他來了。
Here comes the teacher.老師來了。
9.由and連接的兩個并列成分作主語,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù);但當(dāng)and連接的兩個詞語指同一人、同一事或同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.書記兼經(jīng)理出席了會議。The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.書記和經(jīng)理出席了會議。
10.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其他句型的結(jié)合考查,如與定語從句、not...until...句型的結(jié)合考查。It was in this factory where his father once worked that he found a job.他在父親曾經(jīng)工作過的工廠找到了一份工作。
It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.直到他生了重病,才知道健康的重要性。
11.介詞but的前面有do時,后面的不定式省略to。即前有do,后無to。We could do nothing but wait here.我們除了在這兒等,什么也不能干。
12.一些集合名詞如audience,committee,family,class,group,team等,如果指整體意義,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果指具體的成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The committee is to deal with this matter.委員會要處理這起事件。
The committee are divided in opinion.委員們意見不一致。
13.“many a+單數(shù)名詞”和“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”是復(fù)數(shù)意義,但謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Many a boy likes playing basketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。
More than one student is in favor of the plan.許多學(xué)生支持這一計劃。
1.It is not so much the language ________ the cultural background ________ makes the film difficult to understand.(2017·儀征中學(xué)檢測,28)A.that;as
C.a(chǎn)s;that
答案 C 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:與其說是語言倒不如說是文化背景使得電影難以理解。not so much...as...為固定短語,意為“與其說??倒不如說??”。第二空的that和句首的it is構(gòu)
B.what;as D.a(chǎn)s;what 成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語。
2.At the back of the old temple ________ twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda.(2017·亭湖檢測,21)A.does stand;a 8-storeyed B.do stand;a 8-story C.stands;an 8-storey D.stand;an 8-storey 答案 D 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:在古廟的后面有12個巨大的石像還有一個八層的佛塔。這句話是地點狀語提前的倒裝句,用完全倒裝,謂語提前,因為主語是twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda,together with連接兩個主語時,謂語和前面的主語保持一致,故這里謂語用復(fù)數(shù);第二空是復(fù)合形容詞,8-storey以元音音素開頭,故用不定冠詞an。故選D項。
3.Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves ________ through a strong barrier.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期中,34)A.we have broken
C.have we broken
答案 C 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:只有在我們充分重視增長來擴(kuò)大自我之后,我們才算突破了一個強(qiáng)大的障礙?!皁nly+狀語/狀語從句”位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝,故排除A、D兩項;根據(jù)從句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時可知,此處主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選C項。4.—Have you got any plans for the New Year’s Day Holiday? —Yes.________ possible,I’m going to travel in Beijing.(2017·蘇北四市調(diào)研,29)A.Though
C.While
答案 D 解析 考查狀語從句的省略。句意為:——你已經(jīng)有元旦假期的計劃了嗎?——是的。如果有可能的話,我打算去北京旅游。分析句子成分可知,本題為狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知If possible符合。If possible=If it is possible表示“如果有可能”。
5.I don’t think he could have held an important job in government a few years ago,________?
B.Unless D.If
B.did we break D.we broke
(2017·鹽城景山中學(xué)調(diào)研,35)A.did he
C.could he
答案 A 解析 考查反意疑問句。句意為:我認(rèn)為幾年前他不可能在政府里擔(dān)任重要的工作,是嗎?當(dāng)主句是I think/believe/suppose/imagine等時,其后的反意疑問句要反問從句,且從句中的could have done是表示對過去情況的推測。故答案為A。
6.Could it be in the restaurant ________ we had a dinner last night ________ you left your key?
(2017·鹽城景山中學(xué)調(diào)研,22)A.that;where
C.where;that
答案 C 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句。句意為:你會不會是在我們昨晚吃飯的那個飯店里丟了你的鑰匙?第一空where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾restaurant;第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點狀語in the restaurant。
7.Tony always works out development schemes faster than others.Is it ________ he graduated from a top university ________ counts?(2017·鹽城中學(xué)月考,34)A.because;that
C.that;that
答案 C 解析 考查主語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:托尼制定發(fā)展規(guī)劃總是比別人快。難道和他畢業(yè)于一所頂尖的大學(xué)有關(guān)嗎?此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,而主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。故選C項。8.________ more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.(2017·鹽城中學(xué)月考,33)A.Scattered around the globe are B.Scattering are around the globe C.Are around the globe scattered D.Are scattered around the globe 答案 A 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:地球上散落分布著100多個小而離散的火山活躍區(qū),地質(zhì)學(xué)家稱
B.that;which D.why;what B.in which;where D.where;where B.do I D.has he 之為“熱點”。正常語序是More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.表語提前,把系動詞提到主語前面構(gòu)成倒裝。9.He doesn’t own an NBA championship ring,________ in the face with champagne(香檳)after the NBA finals.(2017·宿遷青華中學(xué)月考,32)A.he has neither been sprayed B.nor has he been sprayed C.either has he been sprayed D.so he has been sprayed 答案 B 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:他沒有自己的NBA總冠軍戒指,也沒有在NBA總決賽后被香檳酒噴到臉上。not...nor...既不??也不??,否定詞臵于句首時,句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B項。
10.I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,________?(2017·啟東中學(xué)月考,29)A.hadn’t you
C.a(chǎn)ren’t I
答案 B 解析 考查反意疑問句。句意為:我確定你寧愿讓她坐公交車去學(xué)校,是不是?此處考查的是I’m sure引導(dǎo)的從句的反意疑問句,應(yīng)該是與后面的從句保持一致;在從句中涉及到了would rather的虛擬語氣的使用,但并不影響反意疑問句的生成,故用wouldn’t you即可。故選 B項。
11.—How was the televised debate last night? —Super!Rarely ________ so much media attention.(2017·啟東中學(xué)月考,23)A.a(chǎn) debate attracted
C.a(chǎn) debate did attract
答案 B 解析 考查倒裝句。否定副詞rarely表示“很少地,罕有地”位于句首時后面的句子要用部分倒裝,即“助動詞+主語+動詞”的形式。故選B項。
12.—________ that otherwise successful people and companies don’t break through to the next level? —I think they are too content with themselves to move on.(2017·南京學(xué)情調(diào)研,29)
B.did a debate attract D.a(chǎn)ttracted a debate B.wouldn’t you D.didn’t she A.How it is
C.What it is
答案 B
B.How is it D.What is it 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:——原本可能成功的人和公司為何沒能突破到下一個層次?——我想他們太自滿而無法進(jìn)步。分析句子成分可知,本題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that...。根據(jù)句意可知How is it符合。13.Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江一模,34)A.she was so
C.so did she
答案 D 解析 考查省略句。句意為:Anne丟了錢包,但是她媽媽對此一點都不感到驚訝,因為她太粗心了。she did so相當(dāng)于she lost her wallet,為了避免重復(fù),用此結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項。14.Years may wrinkle the skin,but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,29)A.who
C.that
答案 C 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:歲月流逝只令容顏蒼老,但是激情不再卻能使心靈枯萎。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分。本句對主語to give up enthusiasm進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào)。故選C項。
15.—How impressive John’s painting is!—Actually,it was 2 years after he retired ________ he started to learn drawing.(2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考,31)A.before
C.until
答案 D 解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為:——John的畫給人的印象好深刻啊!——事實上,他退休兩年后才開始學(xué)畫畫的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為時間狀語2 years after he retired。故選D項。
B.since D.that B.which D.when B.so was she D.she did so 16.As a common sense,children’s involvement in social activities,athletics and hobbies ________ just as important as academic achievement.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,22)A.is
C.was
答案 A 解析 考查主謂一致。句意為:孩子參加社會活動、體育運動和業(yè)余愛好是和學(xué)業(yè)成就同等重要的,這是常識。句子的主語是children’s involvement,是單數(shù)形式;另外作為常識,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
17.________ on mobile phones for storing information that people are unable to remember basic things.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,29)A.Such is the dependence
C.So they are dependent
答案 A 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:這就是人們對手機(jī)儲存信息的依賴,以至于人們記不住最基本的東西。such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)表示“如此??以至于??”,such實際上是be動詞后的表語,被提前到了句首。C項如改為So dependent are they也正確。
18.Dogs barked madly while fish jumped out of water.In no time ________ as a prediction of a coming earthquake.A.the phenomena were noticed B.the phenomena was noticed C.were the phenomena noticed D.was the phenomena noticed 答案 A 解析 考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)及主謂一致。句意為:狗瘋狂地叫,魚兒跳出水面。這些預(yù)示地震即將到來的現(xiàn)象立刻引起了注意。in no time立刻,馬上,不含否定含義,因此臵于句首時句子不需要倒裝。另外phenomena為phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選A項。
19.“Not until I knew much about Nanking Massacre,”the foreigner says,“________ the significance of setting the National Memorial Day.” A.had I understood
C.I have understood
B.did I understand D.I understood B.Such dependence does D.So do they depend B.a(chǎn)re D.were 答案 B 解析 考查倒裝句。句意為:這個外國人說:“直到我了解了很多關(guān)于南京大屠殺的事,我才意識到設(shè)立國家公祭日的重要性。”“not until+從句”放在了句首,引起主句部分倒裝;另外understand這一動作發(fā)生在know之后,不需要用過去完成時,故選B項。20.—Sorry,Joe.I did not mean to...—Don’t call me “Joe”.I am Mr Parker to you,and ________ you forget it!A.mustn’t
C.shouldn’t
答案 D 解析 考查祈使句。句意為:——對不起,Joe。我沒打算???!灰形摇癑oe”,對你來說我是帕克先生,你沒有忘了吧!祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在句子前面加do not或don’t。故選D項。
B.didn’t D.don’t
第二篇:2018年江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識:第4講動詞與動詞短語
第4講 動詞與動詞短語
1.Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江蘇,25)A.held out
C.picked out 答案 B 解析 句意為:在非洲與醫(yī)療隊的合作使她作為一名醫(yī)生的最佳素質(zhì)彰顯了出來。hold out伸出,堅持;bring out使顯現(xiàn),使表現(xiàn)出;pick out挑選出,辨認(rèn)出;give out分發(fā),發(fā)出。2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江蘇,30)A.shape
C.stretch
答案 A 解析 句意為:到了年底,快速回顧一下自己的成功和失敗,這會有助于你為未來的一年做好規(guī)劃。shape影響(某事物的發(fā)展),符合語境。switch轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)變;stretch變大,拉長;sharpen使變鋒利,使增強(qiáng)。
3.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5)A.settle down
C.get up
答案 A 解析 句意為:布朗夫婦希望看到女兒安頓下來(settle down),結(jié)婚成家,生兒育女。keep off使避開,不接近;get up起床,站起來;cut in插嘴,打斷別人說話。
4.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江蘇,25)A.a(chǎn)pproach
C.compromise
答案 C 解析 句意為:他不輕易妥協(xié),但他很樂意接受對一項崇高事業(yè)的任何建設(shè)性的建議。compromise妥協(xié),符合句意。
5.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江蘇,30)
B.wrestle D.communicate B.keep off D.cut in B.switch D.sharpen B.brought out D.given out A.fallen off
C.turned off
答案 B
B.taken off D.left off 解析 句意為:由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境,許多大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)項目已經(jīng)成功。take off成功,起飛,符合句意。fall off跌落,下降;turn off關(guān)掉;leave off停止(做)某事,戒掉,均不符合題意。6.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江蘇,33)A.gain admission to
C.take advantage of
答案 C 解析 句意為:父母應(yīng)積極督促孩子抓住機(jī)會加入運動隊。take advantage of利用,符合句意。gain admission to獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入;keep track of與……保持聯(lián)系;give rise to引起,導(dǎo)致,均不符合題意。
7.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8)A.divide
C.control
答案 A 解析 句意為:當(dāng)我們學(xué)會求同存異,而非對立分歧時,我們會收獲頗多。divide分開;reject拒絕;control控制;abandon放棄,拋棄。根據(jù)句意可知選A。
8.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12)A.carried away
C.cut off
答案 C 解析 句意為:當(dāng)孩子們住得離他們很遠(yuǎn)時,這些老人們感覺與外界隔離了。carry away帶走,奪走;break down拋錨,垮掉;cut off切斷,隔離;bring up撫養(yǎng),提出。根據(jù)句意可知選C。
9.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited
C.reflected
答案 C 解析 句意為:當(dāng)最后決定選一門課程時,我決定申請那門反映我興趣的課程。reflect反映,B.reserved D.spoiled B.broken down D.brought up B.reject D.a(chǎn)bandon B.keep track of D.give rise to 體現(xiàn),符合語境。limit限制;reserve預(yù)訂,保留;spoil毀掉,溺愛。
10.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to
C.turned a deaf ear to
答案 A 解析 句意為:瑪麗在討論初期保持了沉默,但最終還是提出了對這一話題的看法。give voice to意為“表達(dá)對……的想法”,符合語境。keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to對……充耳不聞;set foot on進(jìn)入,參觀。
11.I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津,14)A.carry on
C.turn down
答案 A 解析 句意為:我討厭工作時她給我打電話——我一直很忙,沒時間與她進(jìn)行談話。carry on意為“進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)”,符合語境。break into打斷,闖入;turn down調(diào)低,拒絕;cut off停止,中斷。
12.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江蘇,22)A.a(chǎn)ccelerate
C.perform
答案 D 解析 句意為:學(xué)校應(yīng)該是鼓勵個人發(fā)展他們最大潛力的、充滿活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform執(zhí)行;develop發(fā)展。
13.The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江蘇,27)A.a(chǎn)pply to
C.a(chǎn)ppeal to
答案 B 解析 句意為:大學(xué)開始開設(shè)一些新的語言項目,以迎合國家的絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶。apply to 適用于,申請;cater for 迎合,滿足所需;appeal to 呼吁,上訴;hunt for 搜尋。
14.The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江蘇,29)A.wait on
C.count on
B.focus on D.call on B.cater for D.hunt for B.improve D.develop B.break into D.cut off B.kept an eye on D.set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意為:整個球隊依靠克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多,而他很少讓他們失望。wait on 服侍,等待;focus on 集中于,關(guān)注;count on依靠,指望;call on 拜訪,號召,呼吁。15.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce
C.process
答案 C 解析 句意為:研究表明左右耳處理聲音的方式不同。process加工,處理,符合語境。produce生產(chǎn),制作,創(chuàng)作;pronounce發(fā)音;download下載。
16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to ________ on the sea?(2015·浙江,16)A.float
C.shrink
答案 A 解析 句意為:如果鋼鐵比水重的話,那為什么輪船能夠浮在海面上?float漂浮,符合語境。drown淹沒,(使)溺死;shrink(使)收縮,(使)縮??;split(使)裂開,(使)破裂。17.If you come to visit China,you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽,22)A.develop
C.substitute
答案 D 解析 句意為:如果你來訪問中國,你將體驗到有著驚人的深度和多元化的文化。develop開發(fā);create創(chuàng)造;substitute替代;experience經(jīng)歷,體驗。
18.The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北,23)A.face
C.raise
答案 D 解析 句意為:這個團(tuán)隊正在努力分析這個問題,以便他們能找到最好的解決方法。根據(jù)題干中的find the best solution可知,在找到最好的解決方法之前應(yīng)該是先努力“分析(analyze)”問題。face面對;prevent阻止;raise提高。
19.In order not to be heard,she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北,24)A.whisper
C.declare
B.signal D.complain B.prevent D.a(chǎn)nalyze B.create D.experience B.drown D.split B.pronounce D.download 答案 B 解析 句意為:為了不讓別人聽到自己的聲音,她豎起手指示意有人正在樓上走動。根據(jù)題干中的pointed her finger upwards可知,她只是豎起手指示意,并沒有出聲。signal意為“示意”,所以答案選B項。whisper低語;declare宣布;complain抱怨。
20.If you have any doubts about your health,you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津,11)A.convince
C.a(chǎn)void
答案 B 解析 句意為:如果你對自己的健康狀況有所懷疑的話,你最好馬上咨詢醫(yī)生。consult請教,咨詢,找(醫(yī)生)診治,符合語境。convince使相信,使明白;avoid避免;affect影響。
B.consult D.a(chǎn)ffect
1.有些動詞,如feel,look,taste等,既可用作系動詞,又可用作實義動詞,怎么判斷呢?系動詞常跟形容詞作表語;實義動詞則常用副詞作狀語;系動詞一般不用進(jìn)行時,但在表示語意客氣、生動、親切時,可用進(jìn)行時。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.這種新研制的飲料嘗起來挺獨特的。(系動詞)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.廚師正在仔細(xì)地品嘗這條魚。(實義動詞)2.run out/run out of的區(qū)別:run out是不及物動詞短語,無被動語態(tài),主語通常是表示時間、食物、金錢等的名詞;run out of是及物動詞短語,相當(dāng)于use up,主語通常為人。My money ran out.我的錢花完了。I ran out of my money.我把錢花完了。
3.具體語境中對動詞“熟詞生義”的考查。如下列單詞的“熟詞生義”:
ache渴望;address在……上寫地址;appreciate理解,意識到;count有價值;cover足以支付;develop逐漸形成;draw推斷出;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰退;invite招致;observe遵守,慶祝;push督促;promise預(yù)示;part分手,放棄;read寫著;relate講述;say假設(shè);walk遛等。
4.常見的基礎(chǔ)詞匯如get,take,put,break,look,call等構(gòu)成的短語一直是高考考查的重點。如:If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配,意為“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them,these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意為“隔絕,隔離”。
1.Roger trained hard for the tournament for months,but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考,32)A.pull out
C.try out
答案 A 解析 句意為:Roger為了這次錦標(biāo)賽艱苦訓(xùn)練了好幾個月,但不幸的是,由于膝傷,他不得不退出。work out計算出,鍛煉;try out試驗,選拔;give out散發(fā),分發(fā),用完。pull out退出,(使)離開,符合語境,故選A項。
2.If you want to go further in the new sport,the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,22)A.dive in C.catch on
答案 A 解析 句意為:如果你想在這項新的運動上走得更遠(yuǎn),最好的方法就是熱切地投入和更加頻繁地練習(xí)。dive in熱切地加入,符合句意。drop out退出,輟學(xué);catch on流行起來;spring up突然出現(xiàn)。故選A項。
3.If you manage to survive the crisis,think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期末,30)A.give up
C.hold up
答案 B 解析 句意為:如果你設(shè)法在危機(jī)中幸存下來,思考一下它將如何幫助你接受新的挑戰(zhàn)。take up接受,拿起,舉起,占據(jù)(空間或時間),開始從事,符合句意。give up放棄;hold up舉起,支撐,耽擱,延誤;put up舉起,升起,設(shè)立,建造,提供住宿,張貼,懸掛。故選B項。4.You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers;their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試,27)A.distinguish
C.a(chǎn)djust
答案 B 解析 句意為:你通常不會把這兩位作家聯(lián)系在一起,他們的風(fēng)格完全不同。associate把……聯(lián)系在一起,使有關(guān)系,符合題意。distinguish區(qū)別,區(qū)分;adjust調(diào)整,校準(zhǔn);divorce離婚,使分離。
B.a(chǎn)ssociate D.divorce B.take up D.put up B.drop out D.spring up B.work out D.give out 5.Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness,but living alone ________ me,for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試,30)A.caters to
C.a(chǎn)ppeals to
答案 C 解析 句意為:和某人共享一個公寓有助于緩解孤獨感,但獨居對我更有吸引力,因為我可以將音樂播放到我想要的那樣響。appeal to sb.對某人有吸引力,符合句意。cater to款待,為……服務(wù);refer to參考,指的是;respond to響應(yīng),回應(yīng)。
6.As its economy is maturing,China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模,30)A.defining
C.guaranteeing
答案 B 解析 句意為:隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的成熟,在像氣候和發(fā)展那樣的重要問題上中國正在承擔(dān)更大的作用。define定義,使明確;guarantee保證,擔(dān)保;assure保證,確保。均不符合語境。assume承擔(dān),呈現(xiàn),假定,認(rèn)為,assume a greater role承擔(dān)更大的作用,符合題意,故選B項。7.The recently released film Kong:Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模,35)A.transports
C.transforms
答案 A 解析 句意為:最近上映的電影《金剛·骷髏島》成功地用杜比三維立體技術(shù)把觀眾帶入了這次冒險經(jīng)歷中。adjust調(diào)節(jié),適應(yīng);transform使改觀,使變形;relate聯(lián)系,均不符合語境。transport在此處表示“使產(chǎn)生身臨其境的感覺”,符合語境,故選A項。
8.In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app,students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,29)A.reveal
C.preview
答案 C 解析 句意為:在用虛擬現(xiàn)實應(yīng)用程序創(chuàng)設(shè)的虛擬實驗室環(huán)境中,學(xué)生們可以在真正的實驗室實驗之前預(yù)先進(jìn)行某個特定的實驗。根據(jù)before doing them in a real lab可知,此處指預(yù)先進(jìn)行實驗,preview預(yù)展,預(yù)演,符合語境。故選C項。
9.The Palace of Versailles,F(xiàn)rance’s national treasure,has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,23)
B.reserve D.provide B.a(chǎn)djusts D.relates B.a(chǎn)ssuming D.a(chǎn)ssuring B.refers to D.responds to A.gone through
C.led to
答案 A
B.taken on D.showed off 解析 句意為:凡爾賽宮,法國的國寶,在它一個世紀(jì)的歷史中,經(jīng)歷了許多變化卻依然美麗。take on呈現(xiàn),接納;lead to導(dǎo)致;show off炫耀。go through經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受,此處注意動賓搭配,go through changes經(jīng)歷變化,符合語境,故選A項。
10.Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition,publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,31)A.taking up
C.breaking up
答案 A 解析 句意為:得益于《中國詩詞大會》節(jié)目的播出,有關(guān)中國經(jīng)典文學(xué)的出版物占據(jù)了書店存儲空間的重要位置。take up占據(jù);divide up分割;break up解散;put up提出。根據(jù)句意可知,答案為A。
11.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities;it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研,23)A.involve
C.a(chǎn)ssociate
答案 A 解析 句意為:友誼并不僅僅包含一起參加活動;它還是一種從非常個人的角度對自我的分享。involve包含,需要,使成為必然部分(或結(jié)果),符合句意。request要求,請求;associate聯(lián)系,聯(lián)想;deliver遞送,運送,發(fā)表(講話),接生。
12.I think the experiment supports my theory,but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研,27)A.get over
C.hand over
答案 D 解析 句意為:我認(rèn)為這個實驗支持我的理論,但是我需要仔細(xì)檢查幾次結(jié)果以確保在收集數(shù)據(jù)的時候沒有犯錯。go over仔細(xì)檢查,溫習(xí),復(fù)習(xí),符合句意。get over克服,戰(zhàn)勝,恢復(fù);take over接收,接管,控制;hand over交給,遞給,移交。13.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh,what a shame!(2017·南京、鹽城一模,29)A.smile on
C.see through
B.concentrate on D.live through B.take over D.go over B.request D.deliver B.dividing up D.putting up 答案 A 解析 句意為:——我遺憾地告訴你委員會不贊同我們的計劃?!?,真可惜!smile on對……加以稱贊,對……青睞,符合句意。concentrate on專心于……,集中精力在……上;see through看穿,識破;live through經(jīng)歷過,經(jīng)受住,經(jīng)歷……而幸存。
14.The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模,31)A.discriminate
C.negotiate
答案 A 解析 句意為:20世紀(jì)70年代的電腦程序無法區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字。discriminate歧視,區(qū)別,辨別;conclude斷定,結(jié)束;negotiate協(xié)商,談判;compensate彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償。discriminate between letters and numbers區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字,符合題意,故選A項。15.—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes,but he didn’t ________.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,25)A.make his way
C.give his way
答案 B 解析 句意為:——他本可以對我們施加壓力來采納他的提議。——是的,但是他并沒有為所欲為。make one’s way前進(jìn),行進(jìn);get one’s way隨心所欲,為所欲為;沒有g(shù)ive one’s way這種形式,只有g(shù)ive way to “給……讓路,被……所取代”;feel one’s way摸索著前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意選B項。
16.A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen,thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,27)A.identify
C.combine
答案 D 解析 句意為:最近一項研究顯示,吸煙和飲酒影響你身體吸收氧氣的能力,從而極大地影響你的健康。identify確定;correspond對應(yīng);combine結(jié)合;interfere干擾。故選D。17.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,29)A.given off B.worked out C.set off D.put out 答案 C 解析 句意為:人工智能機(jī)器人阿爾法圍棋以4:1打敗圍棋大師李世石引發(fā)了一場關(guān)于機(jī)器人是否將完全取代人類的國際爭論。give off發(fā)出;work out算出;set off動身,引起;put out
B.correspond D.interfere B.get his way D.feel his way B.conclude D.compensate 熄滅。故選C。
18.In time of anger,do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,25)A.releasing
C.refreshing
答案 A 解析 句意為:在氣憤時心疼一下自己,找個僻靜處散散心,宣泄宣泄,不要讓那些無名之火傷到自己。release釋放;recover恢復(fù),再生;refresh恢復(fù)精神;recycle回收利用。19.You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A.a(chǎn)ccustomed
C.entitled
答案 C 解析 句意為:如果你從來沒有工作過的話,就沒有資格享受失業(yè)救濟(jì)金。accustom使習(xí)慣;resign辭職;submit屈服,投降。entitle使符合資格,entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的資格或權(quán)利,符合語境,故選C項。
20.By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A.release
C.reveal
答案 C 解析 句意為:通過把這個理論應(yīng)用于這個問題,我們能夠去除細(xì)節(jié),使簡單的模式顯現(xiàn)出來。release釋放,發(fā)布;reject拒絕,排斥;replace代替。reveal顯示,揭示,符合題意,故選C項。
B.reject D.replace B.resigned D.submitted B.recovering D.recycling
第三篇:2018年江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識:第7講定語從句
第7講 定語從句
1.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江蘇,28)A.which
C.whose
答案 C 解析 句意為:聯(lián)合國在1963年成立了世界糧食計劃署,該組織的目的之一就是減輕世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓程度。本空需要關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,purposes與the World Food Programme存在所屬關(guān)系,且空處在句中作定語,因此選C項。
2.The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017·北京,31)A.that
C.where
答案 A 解析 句意為:我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是the little problems,且從句中缺少賓語,故用that。as引導(dǎo)定語從句時,多用于the same...as...,such...as...等結(jié)構(gòu)中;where,when引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中分別充當(dāng)?shù)攸c和時間狀語。
3.My eldest son,________ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.(2017·天津,9)A.that
C.his
答案 B 解析 句意為:我的長子現(xiàn)在在紐約,他的工作讓他全世界到處跑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處缺少非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,且與其后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用whose。
4.Many young people,most ________ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江蘇,23)
B.whose D.who B.a(chǎn)s D.when B.its D.whom A.of which
C.of whom
答案 C
B.of them D.of those 解析 句意為:很多年輕人前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去追逐夢想,他們中的大多數(shù)人都受過良好的教育。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為定語從句,先行詞為many young people,作介詞of的賓語,故要用whom。
5.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京,22)A.whose
C.where
答案 A 解析 句意為:我住在一對夫婦的隔壁,他們的孩子經(jīng)常制造出很大的噪音。先行詞為couple,由句意可知children與couple之間為所屬關(guān)系,故用關(guān)系代詞whose。
6.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.(2016·天津,9)A.that
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意為:我們將把去公園的野餐推遲到下周,那時天氣可能更好。分析句子成分可知先行詞為next week,在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)。
7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ________ has been proved.(2016·浙江,11)A.whom
C.what
答案 B 解析 句意為:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)提出許多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時流淚的理論,其中沒有一個得到證實。分析句子成分可知,逗號后是“代詞+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,先行詞many theories,指物,故應(yīng)用 which。
8.The number of smokers,________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015·江蘇,21)A.it
B.which B.which D.that B.where D.when B.why D.which C.what
答案 D
D.a(chǎn)s 解析 句意為:據(jù)報道,吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,意為“正如??”,符合句意,故選D項。
9.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京,24)A.which
C.when
答案 D 解析 句意為:對面是圣保羅教堂,在那里你可以聽到一些美妙的音樂。先行詞是St.Paul’s Church;從句主謂賓成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語,用where。故選D。
10.Creating an atmosphere _____ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江,19)A.a(chǎn)s
C.in which
答案 C 解析 句意為:創(chuàng)造讓雇員感受到自己是團(tuán)隊一部分的氛圍是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________ employees feel part of a team是一個定語從句,從句中缺少狀語,故用where或“介詞+which”引導(dǎo),根據(jù)與先行詞an atmosphere的搭配可判斷介詞用in,故選C項。11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津,15)A.where
C.when
答案 A 解析 句意為:該公司的老板正在努力營造一種輕松的氛圍,這樣他的員工就可以在這種氛圍中享受工作的樂趣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為an easy atmosphere,在從句中作地點狀語,故要用where。
12.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建,34)A.who B.whom C.that D.which 答案 D
B.which D.who B.whose D.a(chǎn)t which B.that D.where 解析 句意為:《今日中國》吸引了全世界的讀者,這表明世界上越來越多的人想了解中國。先行詞是前面的整個主句,在從句中作主語,用which來引導(dǎo)。
13.It is a truly delightful place,________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南,29)A.a(chǎn)s
C.that
答案 D 解析 句意為:它確實是一個令人感到快樂的地方,它看起來一定跟100年前一樣,有著蜿蜒的街道和美麗的村舍。本句中先行詞是a truly delightful place,且后面的定語從句中缺少主語,可用which或that引導(dǎo);又因為前后兩部分用逗號連接,所以所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故用which。
14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.(2015·安徽,28)A.it
C.whose
答案 D 解析 句意為:一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。it不能引導(dǎo)定語從句;that不用于介詞之后;whose作定語時,其后需有名詞;depend on/upon依靠,依賴,介詞upon被提到了定語從句引導(dǎo)詞之前,只能用which來引導(dǎo),故選D。
15.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015·陜西,15)A.which
C.whom
答案 D 解析 句意為:作為家里最小的孩子,亞歷克斯總是盼望著他能獨立的時候。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為the time,在從句中作時間狀語,故用when引導(dǎo)。選D。16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014·江蘇,22)A.which
C.a(chǎn)s
B.when D.where B.where D.when B.that D.which B.where D.which 答案 D 解析 句意為:這本書在日常交際中給予了我很大的幫助,尤其是在第一印象至關(guān)重要的工作中。本題先行詞為work,可以理解為抽象的地點;而從句部分不缺主語也不缺賓語,因此可以排除關(guān)系代詞,而選擇可以作狀語的關(guān)系副詞where。
17.The exact year _____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽,22)A.when
C.why
答案 D 解析 先行詞是the exact year,定語從句中的動詞spent是及物動詞,后面缺少賓語,所以選D。18.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陜西,13)A.that
C.a(chǎn)s
答案 A 解析 先行詞是information,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作及物動詞have的賓語,且先行詞有不定代詞all修飾,故關(guān)系詞只能用that。
19.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,________ my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京,26)A.who
C.when
答案 B 解析 此處the book Sherlock Holmes是先行詞,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作recommended的賓語;又因為是非限制性定語從句。故選B項。
20.A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山東,10)A.which
C.who
答案 B 解析 句意為:國內(nèi)市場利潤萎縮的公司可能會去國外市場尋求機(jī)會??崭窈竺~profits和先行詞company之間為所屬關(guān)系,故選擇whose。
B.whose D.why B.which D.where B.which D.what B.where D.which
一、高頻考點
1.“介詞+which/whom”中介詞的確定(1)與定語從句中的動詞或形容詞構(gòu)成搭配。The man with whom I talked is a professor.和我談話的那個人是一名教授。
(2)與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的童年時光。(3)“of which/whom”表示所屬關(guān)系。
There are forty students in our class,most of whom are from the south.我們班有四十名學(xué)生,其中大部分來自南方。(4)“介詞短語+which/whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句。He arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy.他來到一所農(nóng)舍,在農(nóng)舍前面坐著一個小男孩。(5)通過句意來判斷。
He was educated at Beijing University,after which he went abroad to receive further education.他在北京大學(xué)接受教育,然后去了國外接受進(jìn)一步教育。(6)關(guān)系副詞可以與“介詞+which”互換。The house where/in which he lives needs repairing.他住的那所房子需要修理。
2.a(chǎn)s和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
(1)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,只能放在主句后;as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句放在句首、句中或句末均可。
As we all know,the earth goes around the sun.眾所周知,地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
(2)which可作實義動詞的主語,as不可。
He didn’t come as expected,which made Mary angry.他沒如期前來,這讓瑪麗很生氣。(3)主、從句語意一致,用as,which皆可;語意不一致,只能用which。He married again,which/as was expected.他又結(jié)婚了,這是預(yù)料到的。
He married again,which was unexpected.他又結(jié)婚了,這是沒有預(yù)料到的。3.定語從句與其他語法項目的區(qū)別
(1)與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別:定語從句前有表示地點的先行詞,地點狀語從句則沒有;定語從句中的where可用“介詞+which”代替,地點狀語從句中的where則不能。He put the book where you could find it.(地點狀語從句)He put the book in the place where you could find it.(定語從句)(2)與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別:分析such后的名詞在從句中是否作成分,如作成分則是定語從句,用as引導(dǎo);反之則為結(jié)果狀語從句,用that引導(dǎo)。He is such a good boy as we all like.(定語從句)He is such a good boy that we all like him.(結(jié)果狀語從句)
二、易錯點梳理
1.關(guān)系代詞的誤用及漏用:注意定語從句的先行詞被all,some,any,no,few,every,much等不定代詞修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來了嗎?
2.定語從句主謂不一致:在one of...結(jié)構(gòu)中,先行詞為of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞,從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式;先行詞是“the only/very one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時,從句謂語用單數(shù)形式。He is one of the students who were awarded.他是受到嘉獎的學(xué)生之一。
He is the only one of the students who was awarded.他是唯一一個受到嘉獎的學(xué)生。
3.關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)替代詞:定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)先行詞的替代詞。He is the person that I am looking for.他就是我要找的那個人。(for后不能跟him)4.“地點模糊”的先行詞后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞為point,case,situation,condition,stage,position,scene,spot,activity,family,job等表示某人/物所處的情況、發(fā)展的階段或表達(dá)某事物的某個方面時,where相當(dāng)于from which,under which等,表示“從??中,在??情況下”等。
We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.我們只是想盡力達(dá)到雙方共同坐下來商談的地步。
1.President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation,________ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.(2017·鹽城中學(xué)階段檢測,26)A.one where
C.which
答案 A 解析 句意為:習(xí)主席到英國的訪問創(chuàng)造了一個中國和英國在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社交發(fā)展上雙贏的局面。空后是一個完整的句子,不缺賓語或者主語,由此可以先排除C項。其他三個答案都有one,one后是定語從句,而one在從句中作的是地點狀語,不能省略引導(dǎo)詞,由此可以排除B項。one在這里是situation的同位語,意思是“一個??的局面”并不是特指,所以不需要冠詞,由此可以排除D項。故選A項。
2.The bullet train has quickened the rate ________ we travel from one place to another.(2017·丹陽高級中學(xué)期中,22)A.a(chǎn)t which
C.to which
答案 A 解析 句意為:高速列車加速了我們從一個地方到另一個地方的旅行速度。把a(bǔ)t which中的關(guān)系代詞換上先行詞放到從句中,則從句變?yōu)椋篧e travel from one place to another at the rate.句意完整,然后用關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞,再把介詞和關(guān)系代詞放到從句句首引導(dǎo)定語從句就成了原題,故正確答案是A。
3.The increased responsibilities ________ her best qualities ________ were beyond most people.(2017·揚州中學(xué)期中,30)A.brought about;which B.brought out;that C.brought in;which
B.with which D.for which B.one
D.the one in which D.brought up;that 答案 B 解析 句意為:責(zé)任感的增加體現(xiàn)出她的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì),這是大多數(shù)人不具有的。bring out使顯現(xiàn),符合句意。先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時,用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,故答案為B。4.It is said that a most popular emoji(expression of emotion on the Internet)is the “face with the rolling eyes”,________ is used in 14 percent of text messages.(2017·揚州中學(xué)期中,22)A.that
C.whose
答案 D 解析 句意為:據(jù)說,“翻白眼”成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)上非常流行的表情符號,14%的短信用到它??仗幨且粋€非限制性定語從句,且從句中缺少主語,故填which。that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,what不引導(dǎo)定語從句,whose在從句中往往作定語,均不符合該題。故答案為D。
5.________ our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day,they are not all the things ________ they could be.(2017·華羅庚中學(xué)調(diào)研,24)A.As;that
C.Though;which
答案 D 解析 句意為:盡管我們的感官很了不起,并能大體上滿足我們過完一天的需求,但是這些可能并不是它們的全部。根據(jù)句意可知,前后內(nèi)容存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故第一空用although,though或while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;第二空引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是things,且前面有all修飾,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作表語,應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo),故選D項。
6.Titled Pain,the book contains 51 poems,________ written in the past three years,Zhao told China Daily in Beijing.(2017·溧水高級中學(xué)二模,26)A.most of which
C.most of what
答案 B 解析 句意為:趙在北京向《中國日報》表示,《痛苦》這本書包含了51首詩,它們中大部分是在過去三年中寫成的。________ written in the past three years中沒有謂語動詞,故不是從句,不需要連詞。實際上此處是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),most of them為邏輯主語,written in the past three years為邏輯謂語,故選B。
B.most of them D.most of it B.Although;what D.While;that B.what D.which 7.As a student of Senior Three,he has very little free time ________ he can spend developing his own interest.(2017·南京九中學(xué)情調(diào)研,23)A.when
C.a(chǎn)t which
答案 D 解析 句意為:作為一名高三學(xué)生,他幾乎沒有空閑時間可以發(fā)展自己的興趣。此處先行詞time被little修飾,所以用關(guān)系代詞that作及物動詞spend的賓語。
8.Yang Jiang’s Reaching the Brink of Life,the title of ________ refers to her late husband’s collection of essays,was published at the age of 97.(2017·南京學(xué)情調(diào)研,32)A.that
C.whose
答案 B 解析 句意為:楊絳的《走到人生邊上》在她97歲時出版,該書的標(biāo)題指的是她已故丈夫的散文集。分析句子成分可知,本題為定語從句。先行詞為Reaching the Brink of Life,在從句中作of的賓語,先行詞指物,因此用which,結(jié)合句意可知which符合題意。
9.The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book,________ both of them fail to express.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,29)A.where
C.who
答案 D 解析 句意為:這本書中揭露了這兩個年輕人都未能表達(dá)其內(nèi)心的想法。分析句子成分可知,本題為非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the inner thoughts,從句中express的后面缺少賓語,結(jié)合句意可知which符合題意。
10.The international situation is currently undergoing great changes ________ UNESCO plays an irreplaceable role in promoting international cooperation.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試,34)A.that
C.which
答案 D 解析 句意為:國際形勢正在經(jīng)歷著巨大的變化,其中聯(lián)合國教科文組織在促進(jìn)國際合作中發(fā)揮著不可替代的重要作用。這句話使用了定語從句,先行詞是the international situation,定
B.what D.where B.when D.which B.which D.what B.in which D.that 語從句中不缺少主、賓、表,缺少的是地點狀語,所以用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選D。11.In my opinion,one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ________ one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,26)A.of which
C.on which
答案 D 解析 句意為:我認(rèn)為一個人的收入不能完全體現(xiàn)其自我價值和社會價值實現(xiàn)的程度。to the extent是固定搭配,意為“達(dá)到這種程度”。which引導(dǎo)定語從句,指代extent,并作介詞to的賓語,故答案為D。
12.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless,a world ________ each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017·南京、鹽城二模,29)A.that
C.of which
答案 C 解析 句意為:我們致力于創(chuàng)造一個遠(yuǎn)離無家可歸和絕望的世界,一個每個角落都是真正的樂園的世界。先行詞為world,代入定語從句后為every corner of the world is a true paradise,故選C項。
13.According to the report,the government will hold a meeting ________ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.(2017·如皋調(diào)研,21)A.which
C.when
答案 B 解析 句意為:據(jù)報道,政府將舉行一個會議,在會議上,人們可以表達(dá)他們對當(dāng)今全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的看法。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是a meeting,定語從句中缺少地點狀語,故用where引導(dǎo)。
14.Teachers in primary schools ________ influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考,27)A.whose
C.where
答案 A
B.who D.which B.where D.whose B.which D.from where B.with which D.to which 解析 句意為:小學(xué)老師們應(yīng)該成為榜樣,孩子們會受到他們的影響。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,teachers是定語從句的先行詞,孩子是受到老師的影響,即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence,應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,作influence的定語,故選A項。
15.Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill ________ they base their researches.(2017·蘇北四市調(diào)研,28)A.on it
C.on which
答案 C 解析 句意為:科學(xué)家認(rèn)為計算是必要的技能,他們的研究以此為基礎(chǔ)。本題考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,定語從句的先行詞為skill,on it不能引導(dǎo)定語從句,介詞后不能用that,排除A、B兩項;把先行詞代入定語從句后為they base their researches on the skill,由此可知選C項。
16.Last fall,I went to the US as an exchange student.I’ll never forget my homestay there ________ I became a real DIY enthusiast.(2016·南通、揚州、泰州調(diào)研,21)A.where
C.that
答案 B 解析 句意為:去年秋天我去美國做交換生,我不會忘記我在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窦揖幼〉臅r期,當(dāng)時我成了一個真正的DIY愛好者。這是一個定語從句,先行詞為homestay(在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窦揖幼〉臅r期),表示時間,從句中缺少時間狀語,故選B。
17.Many university graduates wish to be offered a job ________ they can find an opportunity to experience the excitement of it.(2016·鎮(zhèn)江一模,25)A.which
C.where
答案 C 解析 句意為:很多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生希望能被提供一份工作,在這份工作中他們能找到機(jī)會去體驗工作中令人興奮的事情。a job為先行詞,從句中缺少抽象地點狀語in the job,故用關(guān)系副詞where。
18.There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.A.a(chǎn)s B.that C.when D.where
B.why D.what
B.when D.which B.on that D.on whose 答案 A 解析 本句是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,代指前面整個句子,在從句中作主語。as is often the case事實往往如此。
19.It wasn’t easy having my friends talk about their freshman years ________ I wasn’t a part of.(2016·南京、鹽城二模,31)A.whom
C.that
答案 C 解析 句意為:讓我們的朋友講述大學(xué)一年級時候的事情,而在那時候我又沒有在其中,這樣做是很難的。定語從句中缺少賓語,而先行詞是years,故用關(guān)系代詞that。
20.As a dark horse,China’s football team was through to the quarterfinals ________ it lost to the host country Australia.A.a(chǎn)s
C.that
答案 D 解析 句意為:中國足球隊作為一匹黑馬一舉進(jìn)入四分之一決賽,在四分之一決賽中,輸給了東道主澳大利亞隊。quarterfinals為定語從句的先行詞,從句中缺少地點狀語,應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故選D項。
B.what D.where B.when D.what
第四篇:2018年江蘇高考專題一語法知識:第1講動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)
第1講 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)
1.He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he________.(2017·江蘇,27)A.was being followed
C.had been followed
答案 A 解析 句意為:他匆忙回家了,一次也沒有回頭看看他是否正被跟蹤。這里if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻(hurried home)正在進(jìn)行的動作。又因he與follow之間是被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。綜合可知選A項。
2.He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江蘇,31)A.hasn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify
答案 C 解析 句意為:他已被告知,因為他的學(xué)術(shù)背景,他沒有獲得獎學(xué)金的資格。本空的謂語動詞qualify在這里用作不及物動詞,表示“有資格,有權(quán)利”,此處并不表示延續(xù)性的動作,而是說明“他沒有資格”這一實際情況,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式doesn’t qualify。3.—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京,24)A.Did you call
C.Will you call
答案 A 解析 句意為:——昨天你給那家公司打電話詢問他們對我們的產(chǎn)品印象如何了嗎?——打
B.Have you called D.Were you calling B.hadn’t qualified D.wasn’t qualifying B.was following D.followed 過了,他們對我們的產(chǎn)品很滿意。由yesterday(昨天)可知,句子用一般過去時。D項是過去進(jìn)行時,與語境不符。
4.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京,29)A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented 答案 D 解析 句意為:在20世紀(jì)50年代的美國,大多數(shù)家庭家里僅有一部電話,那時無線電話還沒有被發(fā)明出來。由in the 1950s可知句子說的是過去發(fā)生的事情,又由yet可知,要用完成時,故空格處用過去完成時;又因phones與invent之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài)。綜合可知,選D項。
5.People ________ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.(2017·北京,33)A.will have
C.had
答案 B 解析 句意為:人們有了比過去更便捷的醫(yī)療服務(wù),因此人們更長壽了。句子說的是現(xiàn)在的情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時,選B項。have access to有權(quán)使用,有機(jī)會接近。
6.I_______ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017·天津,8)A.was driving
C.would drive
答案 A 解析 句意為:我正開車去倫敦,這時突然發(fā)現(xiàn)我走錯路了。be doing...when...是固定句式,表示“正在做??這時??”。
7.More efforts,as reported,________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江蘇,22)A.a(chǎn)re made
C.a(chǎn)re being made
B.will be made D.have been made B.have driven D.drove B.have D.had had 答案 B 解析 句意為:據(jù)報道,為加快供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革今后幾年要付出更多的努力。根據(jù)時間狀語in the years ahead可知,此處要用一般將來時,再結(jié)合主語more efforts與動詞make之間為被動關(guān)系可知答案為B。
8.Dashan,who ________ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016·江蘇,29)A.will be learning
C.had been learning
答案 D 解析 句意為:大山已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)相聲——中國傳統(tǒng)喜劇形式——數(shù)十年了,他想把中國相聲與西方單口相聲融合起來。根據(jù)時間狀語for decades和主句謂語動詞wants可知,此處表示從過去到現(xiàn)在(有可能延續(xù)到將來)的動作,故此處要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。9.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016·北京,21)A.works
C.was working
答案 C 解析 句意為:杰克正在實驗室里工作這時突然停電了。be doing...when...(某人)正在做某事,這時??,是固定句式。由occurred可知停電是發(fā)生在過去的某一具體時刻,故用過去進(jìn)行時,選C。
10.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016·北京,30)A.rewarded
C.will reward
答案 D 解析 句意為:學(xué)生們一直努力學(xué)習(xí)功課,他們的付出最終會獲得成功的。由句意可知,reward這一動作發(fā)生在have been working之后,故用將來時態(tài);efforts和reward之間為被動關(guān)系,所以用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故選D。
11.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ____ for years.(2016·天津,3)A.didn’t see
C.hadn’t seen
B.haven’t seen D.wouldn’t see B.were rewarded D.will be rewarded B.has worked D.would work B.is learning D.has been learning 答案 C 解析 句意為:沿街走路時,我偶然遇到了戴維,我們已有好幾年沒見了?!皼]見”表示的動作在came across之前,且for years是完成時的標(biāo)志,所以應(yīng)選表示過去完成時的hadn’t seen。
12.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars.We ________ here for more than two hours.(2016·北京,23)A.waited
C.would be waiting
答案 D 解析 句意為:——請問,你們在等哪場電影?——新的《星球大戰(zhàn)》,我們在這兒已經(jīng)等了兩個多小時了。由句中時間狀語“for more than two hours”可知,動作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了直接影響,且動作還可能繼續(xù),故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。故選D。
13.I ________ half of the English novel,and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016·北京,25)A.read
C.a(chǎn)m reading
答案 B 解析 句意為:我已經(jīng)讀完這本英文小說的一半了,我會爭取在周末讀完。前一分句表示到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動作,并且這個動作的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的情況仍有影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時。14.The real reason why prices ________,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江蘇,30)A.were
C.have been
答案 A 解析 句意為:物價過去很高,現(xiàn)在依然居高不下,其真正原因是復(fù)雜的,不是兩三句話能圓滿解釋的。根據(jù)空格后面的and still are(而且現(xiàn)在仍然是)判斷,前面是指物價過去的情況,應(yīng)用一般過去時,故選A項。
15.—Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I ________ him later.(2015·北京,30)A.will call
C.call
B.have called D.will be calling B.will be D.had been B.have read D.will read B.wait
D.have been waiting 答案 A 解析 句意為:——Jackson博士現(xiàn)在不在他的辦公室里?!玫摹_^一會兒我再給他打電話。由句中的later可知此處要用一般將來時,故選A。
16.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.(2015·天津,6)A.will teach
C.has taught
答案 D 解析 句意為:簡不能參加今天下午3點鐘的會議,因為那時她將在授課。時間狀語at that time指的是前面的at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示將來某個時刻正在做某事,要用將來進(jìn)行時。17.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement________ so far by the two sides.(2015·天津,9)A.has been reached
C.will reach
答案 A 解析 句意為:盡管之前進(jìn)行了多輪會談,但到目前為止雙方還沒達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語agreement與動詞reach之間為被動關(guān)系,故要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式。
18.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he ________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.(2015·浙江,8)A.has been
C.was going to be
答案 C 解析 句意為:阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦生于1879年。孩提時,很少有人會猜想到他能成為其理論會改變世界的著名科學(xué)家。由語境可知,此處指在愛因斯坦小時候人們所猜想的,表示“從過去看將來會發(fā)生的事情”,要用過去將來時態(tài),用would/should do,was/were to do或者was/were going to do表示,故C項正確。
19.That’s why I help brighten people’s days.If you ________,who’s to say that another person will?(2015·湖南,35)A.didn’t
B.don’t B.had been D.was B.was reached D.will have reached B.would teach D.will be teaching C.weren’t
答案 B
D.haven’t 解析 句意為:那就是為什么我要幫助人們使他們天天心情愉快。如果你不那樣做的話,誰能說另一個人會那樣做呢?本句中if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,從句中需用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
20.To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015·福建,26)A.was chosen
C.would choose
答案 A 解析 句意為:令我高興的是,在幾百個申請者中我被選中參加開幕式了。首先,句子主語I和choose是被動關(guān)系,所以要用被動語態(tài);其次,本句是對過去所發(fā)生事情的客觀描述,所以用一般過去時。
B.was being chosen D.had chosen
一、幾種易混的動詞時態(tài)的比較 1.一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較
(1)用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作時,現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果;而一般過去時只表達(dá)過去的動作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.她打掃了房間?,F(xiàn)在非常干凈。
此句中的has cleaned就不能改為cleaned,因為clean這一動作的結(jié)果仍與現(xiàn)狀有關(guān)。(2)漢語中的“了”“過”“曾”等詞常用完成時來表達(dá),I have seen that film.我看過那部電影了。
但是如果是在過去的特定時間“看了”或“做過”,就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去時來表達(dá)。
—When did you see that film? —I saw it yesterday.——你什么時候看了那部電影? ——我昨天看的。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的比較
現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是某個剛剛完成的動作,或某個過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性,還可表示動作的重復(fù)。
Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》在過去的幾年里至少被拍成了十部不同的電影?!狧i,Tracy,you look tired.—I am tired.I have been painting the living room all day.——嗨,特雷西,你看起來很累?!依哿?。我一整天都在粉刷客廳。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時的比較
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時描述現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事;過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作,兩者選取的時間參考點不同?!狧ey,look where you are going!
—Oh,I’m terribly sorry.I wasn’t noticing.——嘿,看你往哪兒走的!——哦,真對不起。我沒注意到。
由語境可知,第一句描述正在發(fā)生的事情,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時;答話者在對方提醒下才注意到自己的過失,也就是之前一直沒有注意到,故用過去進(jìn)行時。4.一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時的比較
一般過去時表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況,是一個已經(jīng)完成了的、只做一次的動作;過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作,是一個尚未完成的動作,可以表示過去反復(fù)做的動作。
He was writing a book about China last year,but I don’t know if he has finished it.他去年在寫一本關(guān)于中國的書,但我不知道他是否已經(jīng)完成了。
從“I don’t know if he has finished it”可推斷,他去年一直在寫,所以用過去進(jìn)行時。Tom slipped into the house when no one was noticing.沒人注意時,湯姆溜進(jìn)了屋子。
slipped指過去有結(jié)果的動作(他溜進(jìn)去了),when no one was noticing指他溜進(jìn)去的一剎那正在發(fā)生的情況(沒有人注意)。
二、破除思維定式解決時態(tài)題
思維定式一:“for+一段時間”總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用
“for+一段時間”用在句子中,只表示動作持續(xù)了一段時間,這個動作可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束,也可能在將來某個時間發(fā)生,還可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止。所以“for+一段時間”并不總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
—Haven’t seen you for ages!Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.——好久沒見到你了,你去哪兒了?
——我去了寧夏,在那里待了一年,作為一名志愿者教書。
由對話可知,went和stayed是兩個發(fā)生在過去的動作,并沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,故stay要用一般過去時。
思維定式二:“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”中的時態(tài)要一致
平行結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示兩個或多個發(fā)生在同一時間段內(nèi)的動作,因此動作常常銜接而來,時態(tài)要盡量一致(特殊情況除外)。如:
Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected.手寫所有的邀請函比我們預(yù)計的更費時。(“預(yù)計”這一動作發(fā)生在手寫邀請函之前,而手寫邀請函是一個過去的事實,故“預(yù)計”這個動作要用過去完成時態(tài)。)思維定式三:過去的時間狀語要與過去的各種時態(tài)連用
I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.那天我本來打算晚些時候去拜訪你的,但是我不得不打電話取消了。
根據(jù)句意可知,在過去的時間點說將來,如果謂語動詞是come,go,leave...,則常用過去進(jìn)行時表將來。
思維定式四:句子中出現(xiàn)look,hear用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
句子中出現(xiàn)look,hear以提醒別人注意時,往往這一動作正在進(jìn)行,但也有例外: —Look!Somebody has cleaned the sofa.—Well,it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.——看!有人已經(jīng)把沙發(fā)整理干凈了?!?,那不是我。我沒有做。
從答語可以看出事件已經(jīng)完成了,故前面一句著重談對現(xiàn)在的影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
1.—Hi,Jenny,how are you getting on with your packing? —I ________ what to take with me.(2017·南京、鹽城一模,27)A.will have decided
C.a(chǎn)m deciding
答案 C 解析 句意為:——嗨,珍妮,你的行李收拾得怎么樣啦?——我正在決定要帶什么呢。根據(jù)語境可知,兩人之間的對話為現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情,而珍妮正在決定要帶什么行李。結(jié)合句意可知本題的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,故選C項。2.—Didn’t you talk any with Rice? —No,the plane ________ off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.(2017·南京九中模擬,31)A.was taking
C.took
答案 B 解析 句意為:——你沒有和Rice說什么嗎?——沒有,我趕到機(jī)場送她的時候飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。take off這一動作發(fā)生在rush這一動作之前,rush用的過去時,所以take off要用過去的過去,即過去完成時。故選B項。3.—Have you got the washing machine fixed? —I paid a lot of money,but still it ________ to work.(2017·南京學(xué)情調(diào)研,25)A.fails
C.has failed
答案 A 解析 句意為:——你的洗衣機(jī)修好了嗎?——我付了很多錢,但是洗衣機(jī)仍然無法運轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)語境可知,洗衣機(jī)仍然無法運轉(zhuǎn)為發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的事情,故本題的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,答案選A。
4.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ________ admitted.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,26)A.will get
C.got
B.get D.have got B.is failing D.had failed B.had taken D.has taken B.would decide D.had decided 答案 C 解析 句意為:我們學(xué)校的校長希望我們在畢業(yè)的時候比入學(xué)的時候更有雄心。根據(jù)語境可知,畢業(yè)是在將來,而入學(xué)是在過去,應(yīng)用一般過去時,故選C項。
5.I hope when you come tomorrow,you ________ the reading and have something to share.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,34)A.did
C.will be doing
答案 D 解析 句意為:我希望當(dāng)你們明天來的時候,你們已經(jīng)閱讀完了,并且有東西分享。根據(jù)語境可知,此處在談?wù)搶淼氖虑?,?yīng)用將來的時態(tài),排除A、B兩項;根據(jù)have something to share可知,已經(jīng)讀完才有東西可分享,應(yīng)用將來完成時,故選D項。
6.When someone ________,it will double his or her chances of being helpful again.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江一模,22)A.thanks
C.was thanked
答案 B 解析 句意為:當(dāng)有人被感謝的時候,他或她再次助人的可能性將增加一倍。根據(jù)being helpful可知,一個人在助人為樂后得到感謝會再幫助別人,“得到感謝”應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),排除A、D兩項;根據(jù)主句的一般將來時可知,從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,故選B項。7.—It’s a complete mess.Where are the kitchen table tops? —At the back.We ________ them by 7 pm this evening.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期末,29)A.a(chǎn)re placing
C.will be placing
答案 D 解析 句意為:——這簡直是一團(tuán)糟。廚房桌子的桌面在哪里?——在后面。我們今晚七點前會將它們擺放好。根據(jù)時間狀語by 7 pm this evening可知本題的時態(tài)為將來完成時,故選D。
8.I’m afraid the teacher will blame you for you’ve failed to do what you ________ to.(2017·南通如皋聯(lián)考,5)A.will expect
B.will be expected B.have placed D.will have placed B.is thanked D.thanked B.a(chǎn)re doing D.will have done C.expected
答案 D
D.were expected 解析 句意為:恐怕老師會因為你沒能做到所期望的事而責(zé)備你。根據(jù)句意可知,你是被老師期望做某事,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);根據(jù)you’ve failed可知,被期望的事發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用一般過去式,故選D項。
9.When he ________ the bill in the restaurant,he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(2017·南通一調(diào),29)A.paid
C.was to pay
答案 C 解析 句意為:當(dāng)他在餐館里要付錢的時候,他突然意識到他把錢包落在車?yán)锪?。根?jù)語境可知,他打算付錢,be to do可以表示即刻的將來,且能用在時間狀語從句中。本題講述的是過去的事情,應(yīng)用was to do,表示過去打算做某事,故選C項。10.—Where is Gary? —He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact,he ________ for the test every day over the past week.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,24)A.has reviewed
C.has been reviewing
答案 C 解析 句意為:——Gary在哪里?——他在圖書館為周三的德語考試學(xué)習(xí)呢。事實上在過去的一周他每天都在為考試復(fù)習(xí)。時間狀語over the past week常和完成時態(tài)連用,根據(jù)語境可知,Gary過去一周一直在學(xué)習(xí),即動作從過去開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行中,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,故選C項。
11.—The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.—I’m glad we ________ them in the years ahead.(2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考,30)A.will be operating
C.would be operating
答案 A 解析 句意為:——新機(jī)器已經(jīng)到了,正在車間里被測試?!液芨吲d在今后的幾年里可以操作它們。根據(jù)時間狀語in the years ahead可知,操作機(jī)器應(yīng)發(fā)生在將來,故選A項。
B.have been operating D.had been operating B.was reviewing D.had been reviewing B.would be paying D.had paid 12.It is almost always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研,25)A.commits
C.committed
答案 C 解析 句意為:情況幾乎總是這樣的:警察進(jìn)行調(diào)查并且查看證據(jù),而證據(jù)可能暗示是誰犯了罪。根據(jù)句意可知,誰犯了罪是發(fā)生在警察進(jìn)行調(diào)查并且查看證據(jù)之前的事情。由conduct an investigation and look at the evidence的一般現(xiàn)在時可知空處的時態(tài)為一般過去時,故選C項。13.Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards,people’s consumption patterns ________ in the last few years.(2017·蘇北四市一調(diào),21)A.changed
C.had changed
答案 D 解析 句意為:由于城市化的加速和生活水平的提高,在過去的幾年中人們的消費模式發(fā)生了變化。根據(jù)時間狀語in the last few years可知,變化發(fā)生在過去的幾年里,即從幾年前到現(xiàn)在,符合現(xiàn)在完成時的使用語境,故選D項。14.—Guess what?I met Mark at the party.—If my memory serves me correctly,you two ________ each other for almost ten years.(2017·南通如皋聯(lián)考,6)A.haven’t seen
C.didn’t see
答案 B 解析 句意為:——你猜怎么著?我在聚會上遇到了Mark。——如果我沒記錯的話,你們倆差不多10年沒見面了。兩人差不多10年沒見面是發(fā)生在I met Mark at the party之前的事,也就是發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,應(yīng)用過去完成時,故選B項。15.—Why are you so upset,Mary? —My boss ________ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.(2017·南通一模,22)A.a(chǎn)lways finds
C.has always found 答案 B
B.is always finding D.a(chǎn)lways found B.hadn’t seen D.don’t see B.change D.have changed B.commit D.will commit 解析 句意為:——Mary,你為什么這么沮喪?。俊依习蹇偸翘粑业拿?。他沒有你想的那么友善。be always doing sth.總是做某事,帶有感情色彩,或喜歡或討厭,符合語境,故選B項。
16.—Go for a drink together? —Fine.I ________ how to spend the rest of the night.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,31)A.wonder
C.was wondering
答案 C 解析 句意為:——一起去喝一杯?——好啊,我剛才正在想如何來度過今晚余下的時光呢。過去進(jìn)行時可表示說話者在說這句話之前正在做的事情,還可以表示一種禮貌,符合交際用語的特點,故選C項。
17.New energy vehicle-sharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country to fuel China’s sharing economy in the next few years.(2017·連云港、徐州、宿遷三模,27)A.a(chǎn)re to carry out B.a(chǎn)re being carried out C.were carried out D.will have been carried out 答案 B 解析 句意為:為了在未來幾年為我國的分享經(jīng)濟(jì)注入發(fā)展動力,新能源汽車共享項目正在多個城市展開。根據(jù)句意可知,項目現(xiàn)在正在被開展,故選B項。18.—I hope you’ll make good efforts while I’m away.—Be assured!You’ll be amazed at what ________ accomplished when you get back.(2016·南通三模,25)A.will have been
C.was
答案 A 解析 句意為:——我希望我不在的時候你能夠好好努力?!埛判模‘?dāng)你回來的時候,你會對我完成的事情感到吃驚。本題中when you get back是用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,那么get back是發(fā)生在將來的動作,根據(jù)語境可知,當(dāng)你回來的時候我已經(jīng)完成了,故應(yīng)用將來完成時。19.—Tom,you look worried.Anything I can do for you?
B.has been D.would be B.had wondered D.have wondered —I ________ if you could give me a three-day leave to look after my baby in hospital.(2016·南通、揚州、泰州調(diào)研,35)A.had wondered
C.would wonder
答案 B 解析 句意為:——湯姆,你看起來很擔(dān)心,需要我為你做些什么嗎?——我剛才正在想你能否給我三天假來照顧我住院的小孩。這是一個賓語從句,根據(jù)句意可知,我剛才正在考慮這件事,符合交際用語的特點,故B正確。
20.When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center ________,for the National Games are to be held then.A.will be constructing B.has been constructing C.will have been constructed D.is being constructed 答案 C 解析 句意為:到明年八月份你來參觀我們鎮(zhèn)的時候,一個現(xiàn)代化的體育中心將已經(jīng)完工,因為全國運動會將在那時舉行。根據(jù)時間狀語next August可知construct應(yīng)該在將來;另外到那個時候?qū)⑴e行全國運動會,體育中心應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完工,應(yīng)用將來完成時的被動結(jié)構(gòu),故選C項。
B.was wondering D.have wondered
第五篇:2018年江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識:第6講名詞性從句
第6講 名詞性從句
1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20,half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江蘇,26)A.that
C.what
答案 C 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:我們選擇這家旅館,因為這里一晚的價格降到了20美元,這是它以前要價的一半。從句意看,本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位語,由此可知這里要用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作介詞of的賓語,同時what在賓語從句中又作charge的賓語,因此選C。
2.Every year,________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京,23)A.whatever
C.whomever
答案 B 解析 考查主語從句。句意為:每年,在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人會贏得獎品。whoever無論誰,表泛指,在句中作主語,相當(dāng)于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作賓語,不合題意;whatever任何??的事物;whichever無論哪個,無論哪些。
3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京,26)A.why
C.how
答案 B 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:簡沿著綠樹成蔭的街道漫無目的地走著,并不知道要去哪里。why為什么;how怎樣;when什么時候。
4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津,4)A.when
C.whether
答案 C 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:她問我是否已將那些書還給了圖書館,我承認(rèn)還沒還。when
B.where D.what B.where D.when B.whoever D.whichever B.which D.how 什么時候;where在哪里;what什么,均不符合語境。
5.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江蘇,21)A.why
B.what C.a(chǎn)s D.that 答案 D 解析 考查主語從句。句意為:通常情況下,對于那些心存希望的人來說,一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形式主語,真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺成分,故要用that引導(dǎo)。
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京,29)A.what
C.whether
答案 B 解析 考查表語從句。句意為:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰塵的襲擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知is后的表語從句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,故選B。
7.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津,11)A.whether
C.which
答案 B 解析 考查同位語從句。句意為:經(jīng)理提了個建議——我們應(yīng)雇個助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容,從句中不缺成分且意義完整,故選B項。
8.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京,24)A.However
C.Whatever
答案 C 解析 考查主語從句。句意為:你們的支持對我們的工作很重要,無論你們做什么都會有幫助。從句動詞do需要賓語,且引導(dǎo)主語從句,故用whatever。
9.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.(2015·江蘇,25)A.That
C.Where
答案 C
B.Why D.How B.Whoever D.Wherever B.that D.what B.that D.why 解析 考查主語從句。句意為:李白,一個偉大的中國詩人,其出生地是眾所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它?!癢here Li Bai...was born”是主語從句,表示“李白出生的地方”。10.I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.(2015·北京,33)A.that
C.what
答案 A 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:我真的相信美來自人的內(nèi)心。賓語從句意思完整只缺連接詞,故選A。
11.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京,35)A.Where
C.Why
答案 B 解析 考查主語從句。句意為:我們怎樣理解事物與我們所感覺到的東西有很大關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“________ we understand things”為主語,結(jié)合句意可知選B。
12.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江,6)A.what
C.that
答案 A 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:如果你在河里或湖里游泳的話,務(wù)必調(diào)查清楚水面之下有什么。水中經(jīng)常隱藏著石頭或樹枝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處investigate后接了賓語從句,從句缺少主語,故用what引導(dǎo)。
13.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ ships are built for.(2015·安徽,25)A.what
C.why
答案 A 解析 考查表語從句。句意為:船停在港口里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。that’s not后跟從句作表語,表語從句中的for后缺少賓語,用what引導(dǎo),故選A。why和when是連接副詞,不能作賓語;whom指人。
14.—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.(2015·福建,29)A.where
C.why
答案 B
B.how D.if B.whom D.when B.who D.whoever B.How D.When B.where D.why 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:——我想知道瑪麗這些年是如何保持了那么好的身材?!ㄟ^每天鍛煉。根據(jù)回答by doing可知問的是方式。
15.You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015·湖南,26)A.what
C.where
答案 C 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:你如果要計劃到達(dá)那里的最好的方法,就得知道自己要往哪里去。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,know后的______ you’re going是賓語從句,從句中缺少地點狀語,故用where。
16.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陜西,19)A.what
C.why
答案 A 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:讀了多麗絲·萊辛的傳記,我對她在文學(xué)上獲得的成就欽佩不已。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,介詞for后接的是賓語從句,從句中缺少achieve的賓語,故用what引導(dǎo)。
17.The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川,8)A.where
C.what
答案 B 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:這個展覽告訴了我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円柚箍諝馕廴?。賓語從句缺少狀語,故選項C、D錯誤;where表示地點,不符合題意,故選B,why表示“??的原因”。18.We must find out ________ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.(2015·重慶,8)A.when
C.where
答案 A 解析 考查賓語從句。句意為:我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時候來,以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知,要給Karl訂房間,那么就要清楚他來這里的時間,故選when。19.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame,mum.I am ________ you have made me.(2014·江蘇,26)A.how
C.that
B.what
D.who B.how D.why B.why D.which B.that D.how B.that D.who 答案 B 解析 考查表語從句。句意為:——這么亂!你總是這么懶!——媽媽,要怪也不應(yīng)當(dāng)怪我啊。我這么懶也是你嬌慣出來的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,I am后是表語從句,引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作me的補(bǔ)足語,相當(dāng)于the one/person that,即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
20.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do.(2014·福建,34)A.that
C.how
答案 B 解析 考查賓語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句,且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作do的賓語,故用what。
B.what D.whether
1.介詞后面一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,此時需要用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。
You may depend on it that they will support you.你放心,他們會支持你的。
2.某些動詞如enjoy,hate,have,hide,like,love,appreciate,take等后面不能直接跟賓語從句,需要用it作形式賓語,再把從句放到后面。I would appreciate it if you could help me.如果你能幫我,我會很感激。
3.reason作主語,表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用why或because引導(dǎo)。The reason why he didn’t attend school was that he was ill.他沒來上學(xué)的原因是他病了。
4.動詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句中時,其后的賓語從句常用that作連接詞;用在肯定句中時,連接詞用whether或if均可,而不用that。名詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句中時,一般用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句;用在肯定句中時,一般用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。I doubt whether/if he is at home.我懷疑他是否在家。
There is no doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.毫無疑問他們會提前完成任務(wù)。
5.whether可引導(dǎo)所有名詞性從句。whether引導(dǎo)的從句能用作介詞的賓語;whether能用在discuss,decide后引導(dǎo)賓語從句,還可以和or not直接連用,但以上三種情況均不能用if。Are you talking about whether he will come? 你們是在談?wù)撍欠駮韱幔?I don’t care whether I can get it or not.我不在乎我是否可以得到它。
6.“wh-+ever”既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;“no matter wh-”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,可以和“wh-+ever”互換。
He would believe whatever I said.我說什么他都相信。
Whatever/No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.無論我說什么,他都不會聽我的。7.what和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別:
what在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語;that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,無任何意義。What the lecturer said is very valuable.演講者講的話非常有用。
That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.看起來她不太可能會拒絕這項提議。
1.What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(2017·灌南高級中學(xué)檢測,25)A.when
C.whether
答案 C 解析 句意為:醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親能否從嚴(yán)重的疾病中快點恢復(fù)。空處引導(dǎo)的是表語從句,表示“是否”,故用whether。
2.________ surprises me most is that she doesn’t even know where the difference between the two lies.(2017·灌南高級中學(xué)檢測,28)A.That C.Who
答案 B 解析 句意為:最讓我驚訝的事情是她甚至都不知道兩者之間的差異在哪里。what在主語從句What surprises me most中作主語。that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中包含一個where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。3.The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers ________ they can’t afford themselves a house.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期中,29)A.whether
B.where B.What D.Which B.how D.why C.what
答案 D
D.that 解析 句意為:大多數(shù)城市房價的上漲引起了年輕農(nóng)民工的擔(dān)憂,他們無力負(fù)擔(dān)自己的房子。本題考查同位語從句,解釋說明concerns,從句的句子成分完整,故填that。4.—China never lacks access to quality animation productions.—You can say that again,but the difficulty lies in ________ Chinese people translate them successfully and adapt them into the market.(2017·鹽城亭湖高級中學(xué)段考,27)A.what
C.where
答案 D 解析 句意為:——中國從來不缺高質(zhì)量的動畫作品?!阏f的沒錯,但是困難在于中國人如何成功翻譯它們并使它們適應(yīng)市場。介詞in后為賓語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句不缺主語或賓語,排除A項;根據(jù)句意可知,從句缺少方式狀語,應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句,故選D項。
5.I think ________ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being,one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you,the doer of the good deed.(2017·溧水高級中學(xué)二模,32)A.which;that
C.what;that
答案 C 解析 句意為:我想伊索所建議的是,當(dāng)對他人做好事時,人們希望善行會回來,并給行善的人帶來好處。think后的賓語從句中缺少賓語,故用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句同時在從句中作動詞suggesting的賓語,is后是表語從句,在該表語從句中含有一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,整個句子句意成分完整,故用that引導(dǎo)表語從句,故答案為C。
6.There seems to be some doubt about ________ Ann will attend the meeting.(2017·宿遷青華中學(xué)月考,35)A.when
C.what
答案 B 解析 句意為:安是否參加會議似乎還有疑問。介詞about后是賓語從句,that從句不作介詞的賓語,排除D項;從句成分完整,排除A、C項,故正確答案為B。7.________ counts is ________ all those trapped in the building have been rescued.(2017·南京九中模擬,27)A.It;that
B.What;because B.whether D.that B.that;that D.that;what B.when D.how C.Which;because
答案 D
D.What;that 解析 句意為:重要的是那些被困在大樓里的人們已經(jīng)得救了。what引導(dǎo)主語從句且充當(dāng)主語;is之后為表語從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺成分,故用that引導(dǎo),故選D。
8.We may look at the world around us,but somehow we manage not to see it until ________ we’ve become used to suddenly disappears.(2017·南京學(xué)情調(diào)研,27)A.when
C.what
答案 C 解析 句意為:我們可以看看我們身邊的這個世界,但是我們卻設(shè)法以某種方式無視它的存在直到我們習(xí)以為常的東西突然消失。分析句子成分可知,連詞until的后面為狀語從句,狀語從句的謂語動詞disappears的前面為主語從句。在主語從句中,介詞to的后面缺少賓語,結(jié)合句意可知what符合題意。
9.—The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year? —Yes.That’s ________ I have compromised with the flat owner.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,32)A.what
C.how
答案 B 解析 句意為:——我們公寓的租金今年會漲20%?——是的。那就是我跟房東妥協(xié)的地方。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)一個表語從句,從句中缺少地點狀語,應(yīng)用where作地點狀語,故選B項。
10.The problem ________ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017·南京三模,23)A.how
C.that
答案 B 解析 句意為:他將在國內(nèi)或國外讀大學(xué),這個問題仍未提及。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是同位語從句,用來解釋說明problem。根據(jù)句意可知,B項符合語境。
11.The infrastructure of a country is ________ makes everything run well,including things like transport,irrigation,electricity and schools.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模,22)A.which
C.where
答案 D
B.that D.what B.whether D.when B.where D.when B.where D.why 解析 句意為:一個國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是使得一切能正常運行的東西,包括交通、灌溉、電和學(xué)校之類的東西。is后是一個表語從句,從句缺少主語,指物,且沒有范圍限制,用what,故選D項。
12.I’ve come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is ________ they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、鹽城一模,30)A.how
C.whether
答案 D 解析 句意為:我已經(jīng)逐漸認(rèn)識到與家人辯論的最佳時間是他們的嘴里有食物的時候。分析句子成分可知,系動詞is后面是表語從句。從句中缺少狀語,結(jié)合句意可知when符合題意。13.—What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success? —________ he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模,34)A.Because
C.Whether
答案 D 解析 句意為:——你認(rèn)為是什么促成了他巨大的成功?——他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空處所在句可知,該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)、意義完整,用that引導(dǎo)主語從句,從句中what he is doing 為賓語從句。故選D項。
14.Hard work,along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success,which is ________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,32)A.that
C.what
答案 C 解析 句意為:艱苦奮斗以及甘于奉獻(xiàn)的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障,這是我們應(yīng)該從參加長征的先輩身上學(xué)習(xí)的東西。分析句子成分可知,系動詞is的后面為表語從句,從句中謂語動詞learn的后面缺少賓語,結(jié)合句意可知what符合題意。
15.The argument doesn’t hold much ground ________ family backgrounds offer graduates an advantage in the career competition nowadays.(2017·南通一模,21)A.where
C.which
答案 B 解析 句意為:如今家庭背景為畢業(yè)生們提供了職業(yè)競爭上的優(yōu)勢,這樣的觀點站不住腳。結(jié)合句意并分析句子成分可知,空后的句子指的是爭論點的內(nèi)容,是argument的同位語從句,B.that D.when B.where D.how B.How D.That B.that D.when 在這個同位語從句中,句子不缺少成分,所以用連詞that。故選B。
16.As I opened my eyes,in ________ direction I looked,I could see smiling,peaceful,calm and content faces.(2016·南通調(diào)研,34)A.whatever
C.whichever
答案 C 解析 句意為:當(dāng)我睜開眼的時候,無論往哪個方向看,我都能看到微笑、安寧、平靜和滿足的臉龐。in 為介詞,后面是賓語從句,根據(jù)句意用whichever表示“無論哪一個方向”,故C正確。
17.—Where are you living now? —I’ve moved to ________ you know my grandpa once lived.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模,28)A.which
C.where
答案 C 解析 句意為:——你現(xiàn)在住在哪里?——我已經(jīng)搬到,你知道的,我爺爺曾經(jīng)住過的地方了。move to后為賓語從句,從句中的you know為插入語,my grandpa once lived缺少地點狀語,故用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
18.There is no doubt,from my point of view,________ matters is not what happens to you,but what you remember and how you remember it.(2016·泰州一模,22)A.what that
C.what if
答案 D 解析 句意為:在我看來,重要的不是發(fā)生了什么,而是你所記得的以及你記住它的方式,這是毫無疑問的。from my point of view為插入語,There is no doubt結(jié)構(gòu)中,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,從句中還含有主語從句________ matters,該主語從句缺少主語,故用what。19.Didn’t it occur to you ________ we could have solved the problem in an easier way?
(2016·南通、揚州、泰州調(diào)研,25)A.that
C.how
答案 A 解析 句意為:難道你沒有想到我們本可以用更簡單的辦法解決這個問題嗎?這是一個主語從句,it 代替后面的句子作形式主語,根據(jù)句意,從句敘述的是事實,而且不缺少任何成分,所以關(guān)系詞選用that,故A正確。
20.It is known to us all that ________ we learn at present is closely linked with our future.B.whether D.why B.that that D.that what B.that D.what B.however D.wherever A.how
C.whatever
答案 C
B.whether D.whichever 解析 句意為:眾所周知,我們目前所學(xué)的任何東西都與我們的將來有密切的關(guān)系。本題中that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,而主語從句中還包含主語從句,______ we learn at present作從句的主語。通過對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)learn缺少賓語,應(yīng)用whatever作learn的賓語。whichever表示一定的范圍,可排除。