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      福建省高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法部分第14講省略、插入語(yǔ)與反義疑問(wèn)句精品學(xué)案新人教版

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 07:07:07下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《福建省高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法部分第14講省略、插入語(yǔ)與反義疑問(wèn)句精品學(xué)案新人教版》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《福建省高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法部分第14講省略、插入語(yǔ)與反義疑問(wèn)句精品學(xué)案新人教版》。

      第一篇:福建省高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法部分第14講省略、插入語(yǔ)與反義疑問(wèn)句精品學(xué)案新人教版

      第14講 省略、插入語(yǔ)與反義疑問(wèn)句

      省略

      在英語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)為了避免結(jié)構(gòu)上或內(nèi)容上的重復(fù),并使上下文緊密連接;有時(shí)因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法的客觀要求,句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分不需要表達(dá)出來(lái),這種現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為省略。省略有詞法上的省略,也有句法上的省略,還有一種替代省略。省略部分的成分和含義可從上下文或具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中找到而且是有章可循的?!臼÷缘念?lèi)型】

      一、簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 【翻譯句子】(1)好久不見(jiàn)了!

      Haven't seen you for ages!(省略主語(yǔ))(2)你要什么東西嗎?

      (Is there)Anything you want?(省略謂語(yǔ))(3)我不知道他是誰(shuí)。

      I don't know(who he is).(省略賓語(yǔ))(4)你有墨水嗎?

      (Have you)Got any ink?(省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分,只剩下表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或其他成分)【結(jié)論1】

      有些簡(jiǎn)單句中可以省略主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。

      二、并列句中的省略 【翻譯句子】

      (5)他教英語(yǔ),他弟弟教數(shù)學(xué)。

      He teaches English and his brother maths.【結(jié)論】在并列句中,如果后面的分句與前面的分句有相同的部分,這一部分則常被省略掉,以免重復(fù)。

      三、復(fù)合句中的省略

      1.在含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中 【翻譯句子】

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心(6)當(dāng)被問(wèn)到她是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候,她一句話(huà)也沒(méi)說(shuō)。When(she was)asked, she didn't answer a word.【結(jié)論1】在含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,若從句的主句是it或與主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且在謂語(yǔ)中含有be時(shí),常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be?!疽呻y1】

      Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.要是明天下雨的話(huà),我們將不得不將訪(fǎng)問(wèn)推遲到下個(gè)禮拜。

      【疑難剖析1】虛擬條件句中,含had, were, should時(shí),若將它們提到句首,則需省略if?!疽呻y2】This car doesn't run as fast as that one.這輛車(chē)沒(méi)有那一輛開(kāi)得快。

      I know you can do better than Peter.我知道你比彼得做得好。

      【疑難剖析2】在as(so)?as?,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中省略謂語(yǔ)。【疑難3】

      Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管是個(gè)孩子,他卻懂得很多。

      【疑難剖析3】在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的名詞提前時(shí),冠詞要省略。2.在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中 【翻譯句子】

      (7)他曾想做的就是去購(gòu)物。

      All he ever wants to do is going shopping.(8)令我吃驚的不是他所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,而是他說(shuō)話(huà)的方式。

      What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.【結(jié)論2】定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that,which, whom可以省略;在以the same? as和such? as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,可以省略與主句相同的部分;the way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中,可以省略that,in which。3.名詞性從句中的省略 【翻譯句子】

      (9)He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel.他說(shuō)他兩天前就到了,而且已經(jīng)在一家旅館住下了。

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心

      及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have 后的“賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式符號(hào)to須省略,但這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),其后的不定式要還原加上to。【例句觀察】

      ——你買(mǎi)到票了嗎?

      — Did you get a ticket? ——沒(méi)有。我想買(mǎi)的,可是賣(mài)完了。

      — No, I meant to(get one), but there weren't any left.【結(jié)論3】動(dòng)詞不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容,但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。

      特別注意:want, like用在 when, if, what,as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,其后的to也常可省略,如:I've decided to do what I like.【翻譯句子】

      (14)除了等待,我們什么也做不了。

      We do nothing now but wait.=We have nothing to do but wait.(15)I can not but admire his courage.我不得不敬佩他的勇氣。(16)他別無(wú)選擇,只好接受事實(shí)。

      He has no choice but to accept the fact.【結(jié)論4】在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but?,can't help but?,prefer to do rather than do ?,would do? rather than? 之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to;but之前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do, does, did, done 而且其賓語(yǔ)是something,nothing,anything和everything等不定代詞時(shí),也不帶to, 否則要帶to?!纠溆^察】

      I'm really puzzled what to think or say.我真不知該想什么,該說(shuō)什么。

      【結(jié)論5】在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù),后一個(gè)to省略。但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí),則后一個(gè)to不能省略。如:

      I can not to scold but to praise you.【例句觀察】

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心

      可省略?!纠溆^察】

      ——陪我去購(gòu)物好嗎?

      — Could you go shopping with me? ——我很樂(lè)意。

      — I'm glad to(go shopping with you).

      【結(jié)論10】系動(dòng)詞(be)+形容詞,即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式時(shí)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),常省略與上文表達(dá)相同意思的不定式符號(hào)to之后的內(nèi)容,只保留不定式符號(hào)。

      特別注意:承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)詞have或be,則要保留be或have,如:

      — Are you a doctor? — No, but I used to be

      五、某些詞法上的省略

      1.名詞所有格后修飾的名詞在以下情況可以省略 1)這些是約翰的書(shū),那些是瑪麗的。

      These are John's books and those are Mary's.【結(jié)論1】如果名詞所有格修飾的名詞在前文已出現(xiàn),則可以省略。2)懷特先生現(xiàn)在在診所。

      Mr.White is now at the doctor's.【結(jié)論2】名詞所有格所修飾的名詞,若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上文已暗示或明確指出過(guò)的事物時(shí),常??梢允÷?。如:at Mr.Green's,to my uncle's,at the barber's。2.冠詞的省略

      1)第二天我們來(lái)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫助農(nóng)場(chǎng)主收獲莊稼。

      We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest(the)next day.【結(jié)論1】在the next day(morning, week, year?)等短語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)氣緊湊,定冠詞the 常可以省略。2)她在班上歌唱得最好。She sings best in the class.【結(jié)論2】在副詞的最高級(jí)前面的定冠詞??梢允÷?。3)我們老師手里拿著書(shū)走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心

      — Neither can I.Let's stop here for a rest.——我也是。我們停下休息一會(huì)兒吧。

      【結(jié)論2】“So / Nor(Neither)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)”這種句型是用來(lái)替代前面提到的情況,表明它也適用于后者。

      【特別提醒】省略在語(yǔ)言中,尤其在對(duì)話(huà)中,是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象;省略的考查已成為高考中的熱點(diǎn)。插入語(yǔ)

      插入語(yǔ)通常與句中其他成分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系,插入語(yǔ)多半用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi),用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者對(duì)句子所表達(dá)的意思的態(tài)度,對(duì)句子表達(dá)起修飾、強(qiáng)調(diào)、緩和語(yǔ)氣等作用。插入語(yǔ)可能是一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。掌握插入語(yǔ)不僅有助于正確理解句意,靈活運(yùn)用插入語(yǔ)于書(shū)面表達(dá)中還能提高作文的得分。

      一、常用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞 【例句觀察】

      Surely, she won't go to China Telecom with you.Strangely, he has not been to China Unicom.Still more strangely, he has not called me.Fortunately, I found the book that I had lost.【結(jié)論1】indeed 的確 surely 無(wú)疑 however 然而 obviously 顯然 frankly 坦率地 naturally 自然而然的 fortunately 幸運(yùn)地 strangely 奇怪

      honestly 真誠(chéng)地 briefly 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō) luckily 幸運(yùn)的是

      二、常見(jiàn)的作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞或其短語(yǔ) 【例句觀察】

      Strange to say, he should have done such a thing.Most important of all, you each over fulfilled your own task.【結(jié)論2】strange to say 說(shuō)來(lái)也怪 needless to say 不用說(shuō)

      most important of all 最為重要的是 worse still 更糟糕的是

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心

      【結(jié)論】strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō) generally speaking 一般地說(shuō) judging from?根據(jù)??判斷

      given?鑒于?? considering?考慮到??

      【注意】不要把以上插入語(yǔ)理解為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗鼈兣c主語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系也無(wú)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如上兩句中speaking和judging的動(dòng)作都不是句中主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。

      五、常用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ) 【例句觀察】

      To be sure, community service can aid reemployment.【結(jié)論】to be sure 無(wú)疑地 to sum up 概括地說(shuō) to tell the truth 老實(shí)說(shuō) to start with 首先

      六、插入句 【例句觀察】

      It will result in success, I suppose.One day, it is said, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.What is more important, information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply.【結(jié)論】I am sure 我可以肯定地說(shuō) I believe 我相信

      I wonder 我想知道 you know 你知道 you see 你明白 that is 也就是說(shuō) it seems 看來(lái)是 as I see it 照我看來(lái) I'm afraid 恐怕 it is said 據(jù)說(shuō)

      what is important(serious)重要(嚴(yán)重)的是 反意疑問(wèn)句 【例句觀察】

      Somebody phoned while I was out, didn't they? Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? There's no help for it, is there?

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心

      0【例句觀察】

      Don't open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why don't you? 【結(jié)論7】在由“祈使句+附加疑問(wèn)”構(gòu)成的附加疑問(wèn)句中,附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用will you, won't you, would you, 有時(shí)也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you等?!咀⒁狻康牵詌et's開(kāi)頭的祈使句,附加疑問(wèn)部分用shall we;以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句,附加疑問(wèn)部分用will you。

      Let's have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you? 【例句觀察】

      The old man used to smoke, didn't/ usedn't he? Tom used to live here, usedn't /didn't he? 【結(jié)論8】當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分可用usedn't或didn't?!纠溆^察】

      Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn't it? Between six and seven will suit you, won't it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? 【結(jié)論9】陳述句子中的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或其他短語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用it?!纠溆^察】

      I wish to have a chance to learn English, may_I? 【結(jié)論10】陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish, 表示愿望時(shí)用may, 且用肯定形式。

      用心

      愛(ài)心

      專(zhuān)心

      第二篇:2012高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)同步攻關(guān) 語(yǔ)法部分 第10講 名詞性從句學(xué)案

      第10講 名詞性從句

      【定義】一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于名詞,故稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。

      【四大從句】名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

      一、主語(yǔ)從句

      一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),即句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),該句子稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句。【完成例句】

      根據(jù)句意選詞填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what)(1)That he will succeed is certain.(2)Whether he will go there is not known.(3)What he said is not true.(4)When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.【結(jié)論】 ①that-從句,從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句,沒(méi)有具體意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起標(biāo)志性作用,但that 不能省略。

      ②whether -從句,從句來(lái)源于一般疑問(wèn)句,whether不能省略,意為“是否”,不能用if替換。

      ③特殊疑問(wèn)詞-從句,從句來(lái)源于特殊疑問(wèn)句,特殊疑問(wèn)詞不能省略,意思為特殊疑問(wèn)詞本來(lái)的意思,在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分?!疽呻y1】Who he is is none of my business.【疑難剖析1】任何從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即主謂語(yǔ)序。

      【疑難2】That he likes English is known to us all.What he said at the meeting made me sad.【疑難剖析2】主句時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài);主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)視具體情況而定。

      【疑難3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all.【疑難剖析3】單個(gè)句子作主語(yǔ),視為單數(shù)。

      【疑難3】It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心 1

      It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.【疑難剖析3】1.主語(yǔ)從句通常由it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),而本身放在句子末尾。2.it作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

      it作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who / whom。3.用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)

      ① It is + 名詞 + 從句 It is a fact that?事實(shí)是??

      It is an honor that?非常榮幸

      It is common knowledge that???是常識(shí) ②It is + 形容詞 + 從句

      It is natural that?很自然??

      It is strange that?奇怪的是?? ③It is + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 從句

      It seems that?似乎??

      It happened that?碰巧??

      It appears that?似乎?? ④It + 過(guò)去分詞 + 從句

      It is reported that?據(jù)報(bào)道??

      It has been proved that?已證實(shí)??

      It is said that?據(jù)說(shuō)??

      【疑難5】It is said that Chairman Hu will visit our school next week.(√)

      That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said.(×)【疑難剖析5】主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況: 1.if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首。

      2.It is said / reported?結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

      3.It happens / occurs?結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

      用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心

      It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(√)

      That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(×)4.It doesn't matter how / whether?結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

      It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not.(√)

      Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter.(×)5.含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí),主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(√)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(×)

      【疑難6】 what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a consolation.【疑難剖析6】 what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),而that則不充當(dāng)任何成分。

      二、賓語(yǔ)從句

      在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句是賓語(yǔ)從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。【完成例句】

      根據(jù)句意選詞填空(that, if, whether, where, what,who)(5)I heard that he joined the army.(6)①She did not know what had happened.②I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(7)She told me that she would accept my invitation.【結(jié)論9】①由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that 通??梢允÷?,that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

      ②由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,what在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

      ③whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用,意為“是否”。

      【疑難1】引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if和whether的區(qū)別 I asked her if / whether she had a bike.They discussed whether they will go back right now.用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心

      We're worried about whether he is safe.I don't know whether or not he will come.I don't know whether to go.【疑難剖析1】引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用if和whether都可以,但有只用whether的特殊情況:動(dòng)詞discuss后;介詞后;whether與or not連用時(shí); whether to do?!疽呻y2】I am afraid(that)I've made a mistake.【疑難剖析2】作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略that。【注意】下列形容詞后常跟that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ):

      anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。(有時(shí)也將此類(lèi)詞后的that 從句看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。)【疑難3】We heard it that she would get married next month.【疑難剖析3】it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ),還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ),而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾(特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中)?!疽呻y4】I admire their winning the match.(√)

      I admire that they won the match.(×)【疑難剖析4】后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞有:

      allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類(lèi)詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

      【疑難5】He impressed the manager as an honest man.(√)

      He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(×)

      【疑難剖析5】有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that-從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。

      【疑難6】我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。

      I don't think this dress fits you well.【疑難剖析6】否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上,從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。

      用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心

      三、表語(yǔ)從句

      在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句為表語(yǔ)從句,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?!就瓿衫洹?根據(jù)句意填空

      (8)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.(9)This is why we can't get the support of the people.(10)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(11)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.【結(jié)論1】

      ①完整陳述句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo),且不可省略;

      ②表“是否”含義時(shí)用whether;

      ③語(yǔ)義不完整時(shí)根據(jù)情況選用對(duì)應(yīng)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞,如what,when,where,why等;

      ④兩種特殊句型:the reason is that?和It is because?等結(jié)構(gòu)。

      四、同位語(yǔ)從句

      在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句為同位語(yǔ)從句?!就瓿衫洹?根據(jù)句意選詞填空

      (12)The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.(13)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.【結(jié)論】同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容,一般由that引導(dǎo),可以接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞主要有:fact, information, problem, decision, suggestion, proposal, order等。

      【疑難1】同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置

      He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑難剖析1】同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)?!疽呻y2】同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

      The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。

      用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心

      The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。

      【疑難剖析2】(1)定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時(shí)可以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

      (2)定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對(duì)先行詞加以限定,描述名詞的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的,其功能是對(duì)名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

      用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心 6

      第三篇:【新課標(biāo)人教版】2012屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案:語(yǔ)法部分 第13講 it的用法及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

      第13講 it的用法及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

      it的用法

      一、it作指示代詞 【完成句子】

      用one,ones,it,that,those填空(1)— I can't find my watch.— You haven't found ______? If you want to buy a new ______,I suggest you buy ______ made in China.(2)We've got a big cup and two small ______.(3)The weight of an elephant is much greater than ______ of a tiger.(4)The books on the first shelf are easier than ______ on the second shelf.(5)The boy told his story and ______ of the girl upstairs.【答案】

      (1)it;one;one(2)ones(3)that(4)those / the ones(5)that / the one 【結(jié)論1】

      ①指代上文提過(guò)的事物時(shí),it指的是同名同物,相當(dāng)于the+名詞;

      ②one指的是同名異物,表示單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于a +名詞;a / an+形容詞+one等于a / an+形容詞+名詞;復(fù)數(shù)形式用ones;

      ③that后面常有后置定語(yǔ),有特指意義,代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于the+名詞;

      ④復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those,相當(dāng)于the ones?!纠溆^察】

      — Someone is knocking at the door.Who is it? — It must be Leo.He said he'd come to see me.【結(jié)論2】it指代人時(shí),常指小孩或身份不明的人?!纠溆^察】

      It's too quiet in the room.Everyone just keeps silent.【結(jié)論2】it可用以指代環(huán)境或情況?!就瓿衫洹? 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子

      (6)— What time is it now? — It's half past seven.(7)— It is spring now and it's warm these days.【結(jié)論4】 it可用以指代時(shí)間、季節(jié)、天氣或距離?!咀⒁狻?it指代時(shí)間時(shí),有如下一些句型:

      (1)It is time for sth.(for sb.)to do sth./ that-從句(should do / did, 必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)例: ① It's time for lunch.② It's time for us to clean the house.③ It's time that we should clean the house.=It's time that we cleaned the house.(2)It is / has been + some time + since-從句(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))(3)It / This is the first / second…time that-從句(必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))這是某人第……次做了某事。

      It / That was the first / second…time that-從句(必須使用過(guò)去完成時(shí))例:①I(mǎi)t is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall.②This was the first time that I had come late to school.(4)It was +時(shí)間點(diǎn) + when -從句

      例: It was evening when we got home.=It was evening in which we got home.(5)It was / will be + some time + before -從句 例:①過(guò)了5年他們才從北大畢業(yè)。

      It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University.②不久,我們就要從我們學(xué)校畢業(yè)了。

      It won't be long before we graduate from our school.二、it作形式主語(yǔ) 【完成例句】

      根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)全句子

      (8)It is possible for me to make a tour around the world.【結(jié)論】代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正主語(yǔ)。為平衡句子,通常把不定式作主語(yǔ)改為it 作形式主語(yǔ)。

      三、it作形式賓語(yǔ) 【例句觀察】

      ①How did it come about that so many people were attacked? ② She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend.③ Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere.④ I have made it a rule to get up early.【結(jié)論1】

      ①it可以用在某些固定句型中,例如:

      How did it come about that-從句意為“……怎么發(fā)生的?”

      ②it 作形式賓語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有:

      主語(yǔ)+ think / consider / find / feel / make / believe / regard +it+adj./ n.(for sb.)to do.【例句觀察】

      I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.【結(jié)論2】主語(yǔ)+ think / consider / find / feel +it+ no good / use doing sth.【例句觀察】

      I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.【結(jié)論3】主語(yǔ)+hate / dislike / love / like +it + when-從句,表示對(duì)某一情況的喜好或厭惡。【例句觀察】

      I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.【結(jié)論4】主語(yǔ)+appreciate + it+ if-從句 【例句觀察】

      ①You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.②You can depend upon it that we won't give up.③I answer for it that she is an honest girl.【結(jié)論5】主語(yǔ)+see to / answer for it+ that-從句(確?!?主語(yǔ)+depend on it +that-從句(指望,確信……)

      四、帶it的一些固定詞組

      1.(You've / I've)got it.懂了,明白了 2.Forget it.算了吧,別在意,沒(méi)關(guān)系。3.take it easy 別著急,慢慢來(lái);別過(guò)于緊張 4.make it 辦得到,做成功

      5.make it +時(shí)間 把……定在(某時(shí))6.It / That(all)depends.那要看情況而定。7.It can't be helped.沒(méi)有辦法。/ 這是不可避免的。8.It is hard to say.情況很難說(shuō)。9.It comes to nothing.沒(méi)有什么結(jié)果。10.Don't mention it.不用謝。11.That's it.對(duì)了;正是。12.catch it(口語(yǔ))被責(zé)罵; 受處罰 13.Believe it or not.信不信由你。

      14.It doesn't matter.沒(méi)有關(guān)系; 不要緊; 15.When it comes to…當(dāng)談到……; 當(dāng)涉及…… 16.Keep it up.再接再厲。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

      一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本用法

      1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu):It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+ 句子的其余部分。2.句型解讀:

      (1)it是引導(dǎo)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容可以是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,that 可用who代替,其他情況一律用that。

      (2)驗(yàn)證強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法: 去掉It is / was…that 結(jié)構(gòu)后,可以把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分與句子其余部分還原為一個(gè)完整的句子。

      二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn) 【例句觀察】

      (1)It was Edison who invented the lamp.(2)It is Edison who invents the lamp.【結(jié)論1】注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。原句中用的是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),用it was…that…;原句中用的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的某種時(shí)態(tài),用it is…that… 【例句觀察】

      It is I that am your English teacher.【結(jié)論2】當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí),注意保持主謂一致。【例句觀察】

      He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.(對(duì)畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))→ It wasn't until he finished his homework that he went to bed.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)【結(jié)論3】not …until …結(jié)構(gòu)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,not 要提前到until之前,放在be動(dòng)詞后。即:It wasn't until …that +句子的其余部分?!纠溆^察】

      Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed? 【結(jié)論4】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句形式:Is / Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that+句子的其余部分?!就瓿删渥印?/p>

      When was it that he went to bed? 【結(jié)論5】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ is / was it+ that + 句子的其余部分。【例句觀察】

      I really don't know when it was that he went to bed.【結(jié)論6】含有強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),注意用陳述語(yǔ)序?!疽呻y】It is in the city where he was born that he works.他工作的地方是他出生的那個(gè)城市。

      【疑難剖析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,要注意區(qū)別、分析。It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+定語(yǔ)從句+that(who)+句子的其余部分

      第四篇:高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)冠詞教學(xué)案

      第一部分 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及運(yùn)用

      專(zhuān)題1 冠詞 考綱展示 命題探究

      考點(diǎn)一 冠詞的基本用法

      基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 不定冠詞的基本用法

      (1)不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式,常位于名詞或名詞的修飾語(yǔ)前。當(dāng)緊跟不定冠詞的單詞的第一個(gè)音素為輔音音素(注意:不是輔音字母)時(shí),用a;而當(dāng)緊跟不定冠詞的單詞的第..........一個(gè)音素為元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)時(shí),用an。..........a(chǎn) university student 一個(gè)大學(xué)生 a European writer 一位歐洲作家 an honest boy 一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩 an ugly man 一個(gè)丑陋的人

      (2)泛指某個(gè)或某類(lèi)人或物,或者未提到的,對(duì)方不熟悉的人或物。I was born in a small village in Hebei Province.我出生在河北的一個(gè)小村莊。

      (3)用在第一次提到的人或物的名詞前,表泛指。

      At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那時(shí),我在一家工廠工作。那家工廠生產(chǎn)各種汽車(chē)部件。(4)表示“一”“每一”“同一”或“某一”概念。I will return in a day or two.(=one)我將在一兩天后返回。

      The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.(=per)這種車(chē)每小時(shí)能行駛200公里。They are of an age.(=the same)他們年齡相同。

      A Mr Smith is waiting for you.(=a certain)一個(gè)叫史密斯的先生在等你。2 定冠詞的基本用法

      (1)用于上文已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的,或從語(yǔ)境中可判斷出談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或物前。

      He bought a house.I've been to the house.他買(mǎi)了幢房子。我去過(guò)那幢房子。Take the medicine.把藥吃了。

      (2)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞及分詞前,表“一類(lèi)人或物”。Who invented the_telephone? 誰(shuí)發(fā)明了電話(huà)?

      After the explosion, people rushed to help the_injured.爆炸發(fā)生后,人們趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)幫助受傷的人。

      (3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)以及形容詞only, very, same等前面。Is this the_first_time you have visited Beijing? 這是你第一次游覽北京嗎?

      He runs the_fastest in his class.他是他班跑得最快的。

      That's the_very_thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。

      特別提醒

      (1)副詞的最高級(jí)前the可有可無(wú)。He runs(the)fastest in his school.他是全校中跑得最快的。

      (2)序數(shù)詞前面也可用不定冠詞,但意義與用定冠詞不同。I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.我失敗兩次了,但我還要再試一次。(強(qiáng)調(diào)再一次)March is the third month of a year.三月是一年的第三個(gè)月。(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序)(4)用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示“一家人”或“夫婦倆”。The_Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。

      (5)用于宇宙中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物、西洋樂(lè)器名詞和方位名詞前。the moon月亮

      play the piano 彈鋼琴 the west 西部

      (6)用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前,或用于整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前,表示某個(gè)年代。the Ming Dynasty 明朝

      in the 1990s或1990's 在20世紀(jì)90年代

      特別提醒

      表示“某人……歲”時(shí),則用“in+one's+整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”。in his fifties 在他50多歲時(shí)

      (7)用在表度量單位的名詞前,表示“按……計(jì)算”。

      by the hour 按小時(shí) by the day 按天

      特別提醒

      如size, weight, time這類(lèi)名詞與by連用時(shí)不用冠詞。by size 按大小 by weight 按重量

      (8)用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”中。hit sb.on the head 打某人的頭 take sb.by the arm 抓某人的胳膊 3 零冠詞的基本用法

      (1)用于不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或?qū)S忻~前表示泛指,用零冠詞。Man needs air_and_water.人類(lèi)需要空氣和水。They are teachers.他們是老師。Beijing 北京

      特別提醒

      高考中常見(jiàn)的純不可數(shù)名詞,它們是:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(=news), progress, information, luck, wealth(財(cái)產(chǎn))等。以上不可數(shù)名詞永遠(yuǎn)不能與不定冠詞連用。

      (2)用于表示無(wú)特指意義的季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名詞,及球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)和學(xué)科名詞前。

      in spring 在春天 on Sunday 在周日 have breakfast 吃早餐 play football 踢足球 play chess 下棋

      I'm very interested in English.我對(duì)英語(yǔ)很感興趣。

      (3)名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、限定詞以及名詞所有格等限定時(shí)不再用冠詞。

      She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那類(lèi)女人。

      His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。

      (4)表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜和職位名詞作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)。Mr Smith was elected president of our school.史密斯先生被選為我校校長(zhǎng)。

      重難點(diǎn) 不定冠詞的特殊位置

      (1)如果名詞前用了many, such等具有限定意義的詞和表示感嘆的what等詞,a(an)必須放在這些詞后面,語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋簃any/such/what a(an)...I have never seen such_an interesting film.我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這么有趣的電影。What_a clever boy he is!他是個(gè)多么聰明的男孩??!

      (2)副詞quite和rather同形容詞連用修飾名詞時(shí),quite要置于不定冠詞a/an之前,rather可置于不定冠詞a/an之前,也可置于其后。

      It's quite_a small house.這是一所相當(dāng)小的房子。

      That's rather_a/a_rather sudden change.那一變化相當(dāng)突然。

      (3)當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前的形容詞有so, too, as, how等副詞修飾時(shí),a(an)必須放在形容詞之后,詞序?yàn)椋簊o/too/as/how/...+形容詞+a(an)...She is so_good_a_girl that all the people like her.她是如此好的女孩,所有人都喜歡她。2 定冠詞的特殊位置

      在名詞詞組中,定冠詞一般放在最前面,但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等修飾語(yǔ),定冠詞要放在這些詞后面。

      exactly_the same color 完全相同的顏色 just_the right place 就是這個(gè)地方 half_the story 故事的一半 double_the amount 雙倍的量 3 零冠詞的特殊用法

      (1)turn(變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)不用冠詞。但名詞前若有形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則必須加冠詞。

      His brother has turned_writer.他弟弟已成為一名作家。

      Later she turned_a_successful_singer.后來(lái)她成了一名成功的歌手。

      (2)在“表示類(lèi)型的名詞+of...”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中of后的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前不用冠詞。This_kind_of_question often appears in the exam.此類(lèi)問(wèn)題在考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。

      (3)“零冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主句”意為“盡管/雖然……但是……”。

      Hero_as_he_is,_he has some shortcomings.盡管他是個(gè)英雄,但是他也有一些缺點(diǎn)。

      (4)用在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一形式中。

      The teacher came in, book_in_hand(=with a book in his hand). 老師手里拿著一本書(shū)走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

      (5)與by連用的表示交通工具和通訊工具的名詞之前不用冠詞。It's quicker by_air than by_sea.乘飛機(jī)比乘船快。

      [考法綜述] 冠詞的基本用法,尤其是冠詞的泛指和特指在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常會(huì)涉及,近五年就考查了48次之多,由此可見(jiàn)其重要性。

      命題法1 考查冠詞的泛指和特指

      典例1 I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.[答案] the;a 句意:我不能告訴你去威爾遜家的路,因?yàn)槲覀兇謇餂](méi)有一個(gè)叫威爾遜的人。第一空特指去威爾遜家的路,故填the;第二空為泛指“一個(gè)叫威爾遜的人”,故填a。

      典例2 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.________________________________________________________ [答案] average前的a改為an average以元音音素/?/開(kāi)頭,故用an。

      【解題法】 冠詞表泛指和特指時(shí)的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路

      (1)首先要了解冠詞的泛指和特指:不定冠詞用在首次提到的或不限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表泛指;定冠詞用在上文提到的人或物前,或是被限制性修飾語(yǔ)加以限定的人或物前,也可指雙方所默認(rèn)的特定的人或物的名詞前表特指。

      (2)在語(yǔ)法填空中,考查冠詞時(shí)是不給提示詞的,因而可先從形式上去判斷,然后觀察空格后部分的中心詞是否是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ),因?yàn)楣谠~唯一的作用就是用來(lái)修飾名詞的。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,當(dāng)名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí),要格外注意使用a還是an,以其后所跟單詞的開(kāi)頭音素而不是其開(kāi)頭字母為依據(jù)。因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中,務(wù)必要注意掌握單詞的發(fā)音。

      命題法2 考查冠詞與一些特定詞的基本用法

      典例3 The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.[答案] the 句意:由美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(當(dāng)今世界上)最前衛(wèi)的建筑師和工程師的青睞。根據(jù)句意和空后的最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞most可知此處表示“最……的”,故填the。

      典例4 Tomorrow is first day of school.________________________________________________________ [答案] first前加the 序數(shù)詞通常和定冠詞the搭配。

      【解題法】 冠詞與特定詞搭配時(shí)的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路

      (1)通常情況下,形容詞比較級(jí)前不用冠詞;形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前用定冠詞the。

      (2)在語(yǔ)法填空中,考查冠詞時(shí)是不給提示詞的,因而可以從形式上判斷,然后觀察空格后部分是否是形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,??疾楣谠~的錯(cuò)用和漏用,形容詞比較級(jí)前常不用冠詞;形容詞最高級(jí),序數(shù)詞及表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前常用定冠詞the。

      A.單句填空

      1.I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.答案 the;a [句意:我剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)Dora工作的銀行被一個(gè)戴著面罩的持槍歹徒搶了。第一空,句中where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾bank,由此可知這里特指Dora工作的銀行,故用定冠詞;第二空,泛指“一個(gè)持槍歹徒”,因此用不定冠詞。] 2.He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案 a [句意:他擁有一家看起來(lái)幾乎荒蕪的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。farm在句中是第一次出現(xiàn),而且表示泛指,所以用不定冠詞。] 3.________village where I was born has grown into________ town.答案 The;a [句意:我出生的那個(gè)村莊已經(jīng)變成一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)了。由village后的定語(yǔ)從句where I was born可知這里特指“我”出生的村莊,用定冠詞the;第二空后town為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表泛指,泛指一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn),故用不定冠詞a。] 4.The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________week, often long into ________night.答案 a;the [句意:論文下個(gè)月要上交了。我現(xiàn)在每周工作七天,經(jīng)常工作到深夜。第一空表示“每一”,故用不定冠詞a;第二空是固定搭配long into the night,意為“直到深夜”,故用定冠詞the。] 5.They chose Tom to be ________captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.答案 the;a [句意:他們選擇湯姆為這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng),因?yàn)樗麄冎浪且粋€(gè)聰明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第一空后的名詞captain是特指,特指這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng),故用定冠詞the;第二空后的名詞leader表示泛指,故用不定冠詞a。] 6.We can become ________ smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks;in other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages.答案 a [句意:如果我們買(mǎi)東西是為了價(jià)值而不是為了包裝,那么我們就能成為一個(gè)明智的消費(fèi)者;也就是說(shuō),應(yīng)選擇普通包裝的質(zhì)量好的產(chǎn)品。shopper為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指“一個(gè)明智的消費(fèi)者”,故填不定冠詞a。] 7.________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.答案 The [句意:市長(zhǎng)來(lái)我們學(xué)校參觀的新聞昨天通過(guò)收音機(jī)發(fā)布了。名詞news后有介詞短語(yǔ)修飾,起限定作用,表特指,故填The。] 8.In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with a great success.答案 a [句意:在德國(guó),一個(gè)名為“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)祖父母”的項(xiàng)目已成功運(yùn)行。project為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,此處意為“一個(gè)成功的項(xiàng)目”,表泛指,故填不定冠詞a。] 9.—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike? —Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.答案 a [句意:——媽媽?zhuān)覟槭裁床荒芤惠v新自行車(chē)?——親愛(ài)的,你要知道,賺錢(qián)可不是件容易的事。bike為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,是首次提到,此處表泛指,故用不定冠詞a。] 10.________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.答案 The [句意:你不付出任何努力而想在期末考試中得第一名的愿望是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。wish后有that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句修飾,表特指,故填定冠詞The。] B.單句改錯(cuò)

      1.Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven.________________________________________________________ 答案 在Beethoven前加a [此處表示泛指“一個(gè)像貝多芬的人”。] 2.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on a top floor.________________________________________________________ 答案 把第二個(gè)a→the [floor前有top修飾,此處表示特指,故用the。] 3.Life is like a ocean;only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [ocean是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞,且此處表泛指,故用an。] 4.A best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.________________________________________________________ 答案 A→The [best為最高級(jí),故用the。] 5.An exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.________________________________________________________ 答案 An→The [year后有定語(yǔ)修飾,表示特指,故用the。] 6.I think good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.________________________________________________________ 答案 good前加a [ habit意為“習(xí)慣”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處為泛指,故用不定冠詞a修飾。] 7.Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)a→an [ordinary是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的形容詞,故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。]

      8.Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→the [根據(jù)in years可知,此處表示“最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨”,形容詞最高級(jí)前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。] 9.Rock climbing is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take adventures at the same time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第一個(gè)the去掉 [nature意為“自然,自然界”時(shí),其前不能加冠詞。] 10.Once you click the button, a e-mail will be sent to you via your e-mail address.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [e-mail是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞,故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。]

      考點(diǎn)二 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配

      基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配 as a result 因此

      as a rule 通常,照例 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 總之

      at a loss 困惑,不知所措 for a while 暫時(shí),一時(shí) all of a sudden 突然 What a pity!真遺憾!

      have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的歷史 a collection of 一批…… a knowledge of(=know)知道

      an understanding of(=understand)懂得 2 定冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配 in the end 最后,終于

      make the most/best of 充分利用 in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處 in the way 擋路 on the whole 總之

      on the right/left 在右/左面 at the same time 同時(shí)

      as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 after a while 一會(huì)兒后 in a sense 在某種意義上 once in a while 偶爾 at a distance 離一段距離 once upon a time 從前 a waste of...……的浪費(fèi)

      at the moment 此刻

      go to the doctor's 去看醫(yī)生 by the way 順便說(shuō),附帶地說(shuō)說(shuō)

      the other day(=a few days ago)幾天前 on the radio/phone 通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)電/電話(huà) on the spot在場(chǎng),到場(chǎng);立即,馬上;當(dāng)場(chǎng) to tell(you)the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà),老實(shí)說(shuō) go to the cinema 去看電影

      on(the)one hand..., on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面…… 3 零冠詞的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配 under repair處于維修中 day and night 整天整夜 out of control 失控

      in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)之中 at present 目前 in peace平靜 on purpose 故意 ahead of time 提前 by law 根據(jù)法律

      有無(wú)冠詞意義不同的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或搭配

      ??sit at table 坐在桌旁吃飯???sit at the table 坐在桌子旁??at school 在上學(xué)???at the school 在學(xué)校

      lose heart 灰心 out of work 失業(yè) at risk 有危險(xiǎn) take part in 參加 by chance/accident 碰巧 on second thoughts 再一想 in advance 提前 by mistake 由于差錯(cuò) 重難點(diǎn)

      不一定在吃飯

      不一定是上學(xué)

      ??in hospital 在住院??in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里???in prison 坐牢??in the prison 在監(jiān)獄里???by sea 乘船由海路??by the sea 在海邊???in front of 在??in the front of 在?

      不一定是病人

      不一定是罪犯

      外部的前面

      內(nèi)部的前面

      ??out of question 沒(méi)問(wèn)題,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)??out of the question 不可能??in charge of 負(fù)責(zé),掌管????in the charge of 在……的掌管之下

      ??in possession of 擁有??in the possession of 為……所擁有???go to church 去做禮拜??go to the church 去教堂???go to school 去上學(xué)??go to the school 去學(xué)校?

      [考法綜述] 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配是高考語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空及短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn),近五年考查了13次,是考查重點(diǎn)之一。

      命題法 考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配

      典例1 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half ________ hour.[答案] an 句意:簡(jiǎn)非常匆忙,因?yàn)榈竭_(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)的列車(chē)將在半小時(shí)之后開(kāi)車(chē)。half an hour為習(xí)慣用法,意為“半小時(shí)”。

      典例2 Since then—for all these years—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________________________________________________________ [答案] result前加a as a result為固定短語(yǔ),意為“因此”,故在result前加a。

      【解題法】 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路(1)首先要熟練掌握不定冠詞,定冠詞及零冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配。

      (2)在語(yǔ)法填空中,考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配時(shí),是不給提示詞的,因而可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配的冠詞。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配,主要體現(xiàn)在考生因固定思維模式或漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的影響而對(duì)冠詞的錯(cuò)用、漏用和多用。

      A.單句填空

      1.Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in ________ countryside.答案 the [句意:現(xiàn)在我生活在一座城市,但是我想念農(nóng)村的家鄉(xiāng)。in the countryside為固定短語(yǔ),意為“在鄉(xiāng)下,在農(nóng)村”。故填定冠詞the。] 2.________more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.答案 The;the [句意:一個(gè)人越博學(xué),他通常會(huì)變得越謙遜。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷,此句使用了“The+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)…,the+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“越……,越……”。] 3.Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.答案 a;the [句意:多年來(lái),簡(jiǎn)的祖母一直想寫(xiě)一本兒童讀物,但由于種種原因耽

      擱下來(lái)了。第一空,book是可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指,用不定冠詞a;第二空,in the way是固定詞組,意為“擋路,妨礙”。故填a;the。] 4.Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.On ________ other hand, it could just put you in debt.答案 the [句意:自己創(chuàng)業(yè)可能是使你獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的一種方式。另一方面,它也可能讓你欠債。on the other hand為固定短語(yǔ),意為“另一方面”,故填定冠詞the。] 5.We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at ________ beginning of the year.答案 the [句意:我們將在一個(gè)月內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們年初制訂的銷(xiāo)售目標(biāo)。at the beginning of為固定短語(yǔ),意為“在……之初”,故填定冠詞the。] 6.I thought I'd better have ________ word with you about the task to be done.答案 a [句意:我想我最好跟你談一下關(guān)于這項(xiàng)要做的任務(wù)。have a word with sb.“和某人談一談”為固定搭配。] 7.With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better command of computer skills.答案 a [句意:隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,我們國(guó)家非常需要那些可以進(jìn)行電腦操作的人才。with a command of...為慣用搭配,意為“掌握……”,故填不定冠詞a。] 8.We slept in a tent and took ________ long walk every day.答案 a [句意:我們睡在帳篷里,每天步行很長(zhǎng)的路。take a walk為固定搭配,意為“散步;走路”。] 9.The tour will provide ________ unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in ________ hope that you will better understand the life there.答案 a;the [句意:這次旅游會(huì)提供給你一個(gè)和英國(guó)家庭生活一周的獨(dú)特機(jī)會(huì),希望你對(duì)那里的生活有一個(gè)更好的了解?!皺C(jī)會(huì)”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次,所以填不定冠詞a;in the hope that為固定用法,意為“懷著……的希望”。] 10.If you don't have ________ good knowledge of English, it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.答案 a [句意:如果你對(duì)英語(yǔ)的掌握不夠好,你就不可能靈活、流利地使用它。have a good knowledge of是固定短語(yǔ),意為“精通;掌握”。] B.單句改錯(cuò)

      1.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.________________________________________________________ 答案 hurry前加a [in a hurry是固定短語(yǔ),意為“匆忙”。] 2.The next morning Jason went to the office for his papers as an usual.________________________________________________________ 答案 把a(bǔ)n去掉 [as usual為固定短語(yǔ),意為“像通常一樣”。] 3.Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.________________________________________________________

      答案 most前加the [根據(jù)one of知后面是形容詞的最高級(jí),因此most前加定冠詞the。] 4.In the fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.________________________________________________________ 答案 把the去掉 [In fact為固定短語(yǔ),意為“事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上”。] 5.At an end of the day, she returned to take me back to my accommodation.________________________________________________________ 答案 an→the [at the end of為固定短語(yǔ),意為“在……結(jié)尾,在……末端”。] 6.I tried to appear at the ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing me on the cheek.________________________________________________________ 答案 去掉第一個(gè)the [at ease“自由自在,無(wú)拘無(wú)束”,固定搭配。] 7.The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive because of speeding.________________________________________________________ 答案 在loss前加a [at a loss是固定短語(yǔ),意為“不知所措”。] 8.—Many people don't think much of the movie.—I think differently.In the way, it is a good film.And the photographed scenes are very beautiful.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)the→a [句意:——很多人認(rèn)為這部電影不好。——我不那么認(rèn)為。在某種程度上,這是一部很不錯(cuò)的電影。拍攝的場(chǎng)景非常美。in a way為固定短語(yǔ),“在某種程度上”。] 9.I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into the envelope.________________________________________________________ 答案 the→an [根據(jù)句意表示把信裝進(jìn)“一個(gè)”信封,故用不定冠詞,且envelope的始發(fā)音為元音,故改為an。] 10.—As a child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at time.—That's my father's story, too.________________________________________________________ 答案 time前加a [at a time為固定短語(yǔ),意為“一次”。]

      考點(diǎn)三 冠詞的活用

      基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

      不定冠詞的活用

      (1)不定冠詞可以用于某些具體化的抽象名詞前,可以具體化的抽象名詞有shame,surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。

      It's a_pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高興。

      She was a famous beauty in her youth.她年輕時(shí)是個(gè)有名的美人。

      (2)表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前一般加定冠詞the,但如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ),可用不定冠詞。

      the world, a peaceful world;the moon, a bright moon。世界,一個(gè)和平的世界;月亮,一輪明亮的月亮。

      (3)表示一日三餐的名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞前如果有形容詞修飾,也可用不定冠詞。I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨晚我吃了一頓美味佳肴。

      (4)“a most+形容詞”表示“很……”,most在此不表示最高級(jí)含義,為“很,非?!钡囊馑?,相當(dāng)于very,而“the+ most+多音節(jié)形容詞”為多音節(jié)形容詞的最高級(jí)形式,表示“最……”。

      This is a most interesting film.這是一部非常有趣的電影。

      This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最有趣的一部電影。

      (5)不定冠詞用在表示地名的專(zhuān)有名詞前,表示“一個(gè)……的地方”。She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.現(xiàn)在的中國(guó)是一個(gè)與二十年前不同的國(guó)家了。

      (6)knowledge, collection, understanding等名詞后加of...時(shí)其前常用不定冠詞a/an。

      Her new book is a collection of short stories.她的新書(shū)是一部短篇小說(shuō)集。He has a good knowledge of French.他精通法語(yǔ)。

      重難點(diǎn)

      序數(shù)詞前冠詞的活用

      “the+序數(shù)詞”表順序,而“a/an+序數(shù)詞”表“又一,再一”;序數(shù)詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),......已成為副詞,因此不必與冠詞連用。如: ..Can you give me a_second chance, please?(=another chance)請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我一次機(jī)會(huì)好嗎?

      He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.(adv.)當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到他時(shí),他只有5歲。

      [考法綜述] 不定冠詞的活用,尤其是序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞,冠詞的活用在語(yǔ)篇

      型語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常會(huì)涉及,近五年考查了10次,仍是高考考查的難點(diǎn)。

      命題法 考查冠詞的活用

      典例1 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.[答案] a;a 句意:在那艱苦的歲月里能夠買(mǎi)得起一杯飲料將會(huì)是一種安慰。drink在此表示泛指“一杯飲料”;comfort作“安慰”講為不可數(shù)名詞,但在此是抽象名詞具體化指“一件令人安慰的事”,故都用a。

      典例2 He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get the second chance in the long jump.________________________________________________________ [答案] 將第三個(gè)the→a 此處應(yīng)該表示“又一次機(jī)會(huì)”,故用a。

      【解題法】 分析名詞特點(diǎn),注意冠詞活用

      在英語(yǔ)中,我們要注意冠詞的一些靈活用法。常用的一些抽象名詞如success, failure, pity, surprise, pleasure等,當(dāng)表示“具體的人或者事”時(shí),這些抽象名詞具體化了,可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。

      A.單句填空

      1.—You are really crazy about music!—Sort of.I always find in music ________ peace which is missing in ________ world full of challenges.答案 the;a [句意:——你對(duì)音樂(lè)真癡狂!——有點(diǎn)吧。我總能在音樂(lè)中找到寧?kù)o,而這種寧?kù)o在一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)了挑戰(zhàn)的世界中是不存在的。peace后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾,表特指,加不定冠詞;第二空是泛指,意為“一個(gè)……的世界”,故用a。] 2.—Guess what? Tom has failed in the exam ________ second time.—How come? He is second to none in English in our class.答案 a [句意:——你猜怎么著?湯姆考試又沒(méi)通過(guò)。

      ——怎么會(huì)呢?他的英語(yǔ)在我們班名列前茅。此處表示“又一次,再一次”,故用不定冠詞a。] 3.When you finish reading the novel, you will have ________ better understanding of society.答案 a [句意:當(dāng)你讀完這本小說(shuō)后,你就會(huì)更好地了解社會(huì)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示讀前與讀后的比較,比較級(jí)前用不定冠詞表示“更……的”。故填不定冠詞a。] 4.It was by reading it ________ third time that Sammy got a thorough understanding of passage E.答案 a [句意:薩米又讀了一遍才對(duì)E篇文章有了徹底的了解。根據(jù)句意可知,此處不表順序,僅表“又一,再一”。故填不定冠詞a。] B.單句改錯(cuò)

      1.Although the experiment turned out to be failure, we decided to try a second

      time.________________________________________________________ 答案 failure前加a [failure當(dāng)“失敗”講為不可數(shù)名詞,在此處表示“一件失敗的事”,為可數(shù)名詞,故用a。] 2.—What do you think of the grammar book? —Oh, it really is a useful reference book, which is worth reading the second time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)the→a [second此處不表示次序,而表示“又一,再一”,故用a。] 3.When you finish reading the novel, you will have better understanding of society.________________________________________________________ 答案 在better前加a [understanding為抽象名詞,后面有of時(shí)前用不定冠詞a/an。] 4.“The match between two teams is great,” said Jim, “and I hope to see the second.”

      ________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)the→a [此處表示“又一,再一”,故用a。]

      易錯(cuò)題一:忽視抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞具體化

      [例1] Anyone who achieves success in this field can be ________success.[錯(cuò)解] 不填

      [錯(cuò)因分析] 有些考生誤認(rèn)為success只能為抽象名詞,無(wú)單復(fù)數(shù)形式,因而做錯(cuò)本題。[答案] a [心得體會(huì)]

      [例2] My parents approached the site, which was still wet from ________

      heavy rain.[錯(cuò)解] the [錯(cuò)因分析] 在這道試題中,很多考生會(huì)誤填the,認(rèn)為rain為物質(zhì)名詞,前面不用冠詞,即便使用冠詞也應(yīng)用the。

      [答案] a [心得體會(huì)]

      易錯(cuò)題二:表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前冠詞的誤用

      [例] We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.[錯(cuò)解] the;the [錯(cuò)因分析] 雖然sky和world是表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞,但是一些考生忽略了它們的一些特殊用法,而誤填the。

      [答案] a;a [心得體會(huì)]

      易錯(cuò)題三:專(zhuān)有名詞前冠詞的誤用

      [例] ________Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another center of international economy.[錯(cuò)解] 不填

      [錯(cuò)因分析] 很多考生看到這道題后認(rèn)為Shanghai是一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的專(zhuān)有名詞,按照一般語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,專(zhuān)有名詞前不用冠詞,因此他們會(huì)感到無(wú)所適從或者誤填其他冠詞。

      [答案] The [心得體會(huì)]

      易錯(cuò)題四:特殊情況下定冠詞、不定冠詞的誤用

      [例1] An apple fell from the tree and hit him on ________ head.[錯(cuò)解] his [錯(cuò)因分析] 在解此題時(shí),考生較容易受漢語(yǔ)思維的干擾而誤填his。[答案] the [心得體會(huì)]

      [例2] As everybody knows, a plane is ________ machine that can fly.[錯(cuò)解] the [錯(cuò)因分析] 有些考生會(huì)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為machine為可數(shù)名詞,且后面有定語(yǔ)從句修飾,所以誤填定冠詞the。

      [答案] a [心得體會(huì)]

      第五篇:高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)1名詞性從句教學(xué)案

      專(zhuān)題11 名詞性從句

      考綱展示 命題探究

      考點(diǎn)一 主語(yǔ)從句

      基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

      主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通過(guò)放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

      主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

      在句中起主語(yǔ)作用的從句稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句。連接主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有三類(lèi):從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。

      (1)從屬連詞

      從屬連詞主要有兩個(gè)that, whether;從屬連詞在從句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要來(lái)參加會(huì)議使我們每一個(gè)人都十分激動(dòng)。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取決于你自己。

      特別提醒

      if一般(不在句首)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句不能省略。(2)連接代詞

      連接代詞在從句中起名詞的作用,作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,一般表示疑問(wèn)。who誰(shuí),whom誰(shuí)(賓格),whose誰(shuí)的,what什么,which哪一個(gè),whoever無(wú)論是誰(shuí),whomever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)(賓格),whosever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)的,whatever無(wú)論是什么,whichever無(wú)論是哪一個(gè)。

      What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么還不清楚。

      Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們當(dāng)中第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里的人將獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)品。

      特別提醒

      主語(yǔ)為從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用單數(shù)形式;但如果what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)、代表復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      What we need is water.我們所需要的是水。

      What we need are useful books.我們所需要的是有用的書(shū)。(3)連接副詞

      連接副詞在從句中起副詞的作用,作狀語(yǔ),一般表示疑問(wèn),但有時(shí)不表示疑問(wèn)。when什么時(shí)候,where在哪里,why為什么,how如何,whenever無(wú)論是什么時(shí)候,wherever無(wú)論在哪里,however無(wú)論如何。

      Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行還沒(méi)有宣布。

      Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它們?yōu)槭裁赐蝗幌н€是個(gè)謎。

      重難點(diǎn)

      it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句

      (1)It+be+adj.+主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的adj.有: necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正確的 wrong錯(cuò)誤的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明顯的

      It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚,整個(gè)項(xiàng)目就要失敗。

      典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意:總統(tǒng)可以采取什么措施來(lái)結(jié)束罷工一點(diǎn)兒都不清楚。此句中it是形式主語(yǔ),代替后面的真正的主語(yǔ)從句,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填能夠引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,由于從句中及物動(dòng)詞do后缺少賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)使用連接代詞what。

      (2)It+be+名詞/名詞詞組+主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的名詞或名詞詞組有: shame遺憾

      pity可惜

      hope希望 no wonder難怪 good news好消息

      It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遺憾我們失去了一位如此重要的客戶(hù)。

      It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我們的希望是雙方能夠合作。

      (3)It+be+過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的過(guò)去分詞有:

      said據(jù)說(shuō)

      believed被相信

      reported據(jù)報(bào)道 thought被認(rèn)為 known所知

      It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.據(jù)說(shuō)我們學(xué)校下周要舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

      It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他們要在下個(gè)月開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工程已經(jīng)定下來(lái)了。

      (4)It+特殊動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)從句。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有: seem看上去

      appear顯得

      happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out結(jié)果是

      It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.剛好有一頭獅子躲在旁邊。

      Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去參加會(huì)議要緊嗎?

      典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意:在十字路口無(wú)論你向左轉(zhuǎn)還是右轉(zhuǎn)都沒(méi)關(guān)系——兩條路都通往公園。It是形式主語(yǔ),設(shè)

      空處應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,從句后半部分的連詞or提示本題為whether...or...結(jié)構(gòu),表示“是……還是……”。

      典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意:現(xiàn)在人類(lèi)登上月球不再是問(wèn)題。考查名詞性從句,it為形式主語(yǔ),后面的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,故用that。

      [考法綜述] 了解名詞性從句的基本用法,掌握各引導(dǎo)詞的用法,辨析that與what,掌握it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)。

      命題法 考查主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

      典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意:我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐挛锱c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________we understand things 在句中作主語(yǔ),是主語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用連接副詞how。

      典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處指有些人對(duì)大詩(shī)人李白的出生地存在質(zhì)疑,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,What Li Bai,...was born在句中作主語(yǔ)且其中只缺狀語(yǔ),因此改為Where,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句要在從句中作主、賓或表語(yǔ)。

      【解題法】(1)掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義和功能上的差別。

      (2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中,考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是不給提示詞的,考生要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出主語(yǔ)部分,分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和表達(dá)的意義。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用,掌握相似引導(dǎo)詞的差別,如what和that等。從引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和意義入手。

      A.單句填空

      1.Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意:馬鈴薯具體是在什么時(shí)候被引入歐洲的并不確定,但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知,后一分句是來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前一分句中的不確定的內(nèi)容的,根據(jù)“around 1565”可知是對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn),因此用when引導(dǎo)前面的主語(yǔ)從句。] 2.I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意:我認(rèn)為他的畫(huà)給我印象最深的是他對(duì)色彩的運(yùn)用。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“……的”。] 3.Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意:一些人認(rèn)為,不管是以前發(fā)生的還是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情都會(huì)在將來(lái)重現(xiàn)。此處“________has happened before or is happening now”是主語(yǔ)從句,且從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故填what/whatever。] 4.________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意:延誤的飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛很大程度上取決于天氣狀況。根據(jù)句意填連接副詞When。] 5.________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意:使這本書(shū)非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。What在此處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。] 6.________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意:你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。此處為主語(yǔ)從句,if表示“是否”且于句首時(shí)不引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用Whether。] 7.It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意:我突然想起我沒(méi)鎖門(mén)。it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。It occurs to sb.that意為“某人突然想起……”。] 8.As the spokeswoman said,________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意:正如女發(fā)言人所說(shuō)的那樣,我們是否應(yīng)該針對(duì)他們采取行動(dòng)取

      決于他們將會(huì)怎么做。本空需要用連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,表示“是否”,因此用whether引導(dǎo)。] 9.—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意:——是什么使她這么快樂(lè)?——她兒子通過(guò)高考了。答語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用。] 10.________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意:重要的不是你讀了多少書(shū),而是你讀完書(shū)后學(xué)到了多少。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,is前面是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用What。] B.單句改錯(cuò)

      1.That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意:你在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話(huà)描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作賓語(yǔ),故用What, That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分。] 2.It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意:這個(gè)新成立的委員會(huì)的政策能否實(shí)施還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,It 作形式主語(yǔ),而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”;再根據(jù)句意可判斷,此處表示“是否”,故改為whether, that無(wú)意義。] 3.It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意:這部電影最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)他兒子深深的愛(ài)。“It struck me most in the movie”為主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),表示“所……的”,故用What,It不引導(dǎo)從句。] 4.Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意:你們中任何一個(gè)人打破窗戶(hù)都必須賠償。根據(jù)題干中one of you可知,空處要用whichever修飾one, 指“你們中的任何一個(gè)人”。which指哪一個(gè),表達(dá)疑問(wèn),故改為whichever。] 5.It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:你失敗多少次都不要緊;要緊的是你有多少次站起來(lái)并再次嘗試。分析句子成分可知,“that matters”是主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),指物,故用what引導(dǎo)。that不作成分。]

      6.We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主語(yǔ)從句,在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,該主語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)且表示事物,故用what。which指某一范圍中的哪個(gè)或哪些。] 7.It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意:不清楚這個(gè)人為什么不早一點(diǎn)報(bào)告那起事故。此處需要連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),why表示“為什么……”。故把that改為why。] 8.—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就沒(méi)想到你能說(shuō)服他改變自己的看法”,句中It作形式主語(yǔ),這里應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作任何成份,也無(wú)意義。故把what改為that。]

      考點(diǎn)二 賓語(yǔ)從句

      基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

      在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類(lèi):動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

      I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。

      I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能為你做些什么。

      He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他沒(méi)告訴我什么時(shí)候我們?cè)傧嘁?jiàn)。

      Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能給我展示一下如何操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎?

      I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該信任誰(shuí)。

      典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意:杰瑞不后悔給出評(píng)論,但是覺(jué)得自己本來(lái)可以用不同的方式來(lái)表達(dá)的。從句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的賓語(yǔ),連接詞that在從句中不作成分。故填that。

      特別提醒

      that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常被省去,但下列情況下不能省略:①當(dāng)that從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí);②動(dòng)詞后跟有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只有第一個(gè)that可以省略,引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略;③賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí);④that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí)。

      I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下以外,我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知。

      He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡雨,下雨天他都不愿打傘。

      We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我們希望他和我們待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。

      一般來(lái)說(shuō),能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

      表疑問(wèn)的賓語(yǔ)從句需要運(yùn)用陳述句語(yǔ)序,但個(gè)別賓語(yǔ)從句本應(yīng)運(yùn)用陳述語(yǔ)序,但由于習(xí)慣而仍保持原疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序不變。

      I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道這臺(tái)機(jī)器怎么了。2 動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

      (1)大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。

      We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記,學(xué)習(xí)是沒(méi)有捷徑的。(2)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

      一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:

      find發(fā)現(xiàn)

      feel感覺(jué)

      think認(rèn)為 consider考慮 believe相信 guess猜測(cè) suppose假定,設(shè)想 make使得

      I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我認(rèn)為我們每天喝大量開(kāi)水是有必要的。

      The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7:30 every morning.老師規(guī)定每天早晨7:30之前所有的清掃工作必須結(jié)束。

      (3)動(dòng)詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”,“厭惡”的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。

      I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿(mǎn)嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)。

      I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能幫助我,我將不勝感激。

      典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意:你完全可以相信杰克的話(huà),因?yàn)樗麖牟徽f(shuō)謊。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作rely on的賓語(yǔ),what在從句中作says的賓語(yǔ)。介詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

      (1)一般情況下介詞后只能接wh-類(lèi)連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他將給我們講述他在美國(guó)的見(jiàn)聞。

      典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意:當(dāng)她醒來(lái)時(shí),她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己好像正站在一塊石頭上。stand on后接賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ),what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填what。

      (2)in, but, except 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,但此時(shí)介詞和that已形成固定搭配,即in that因?yàn)?,but that要不是,except that除了。

      The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅很高是有害的,因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉敢舛噘嶅X(qián)。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你幫助他,他會(huì)失敗的。(but that意為“若不是,要不是”)4 形容詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

      (1)表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句,如:afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。

      I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高興你們?nèi)叶紩?huì)來(lái)。

      I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我確信盡管天氣很不好,但他們會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。

      (2)sure后賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that, whether, if的選擇。

      當(dāng)be sure用于肯定句時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用that;當(dāng)be sure用于否定

      句時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用whether或if。

      Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你確定我坐在你旁邊不會(huì)打擾你嗎?

      I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不確定要不要給他寫(xiě)信。

      重難點(diǎn) 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

      (1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。

      He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他說(shuō)他從周一至周五都在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

      He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他會(huì)告訴我們我們不在的期間他出了什么事的。

      (2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那個(gè)男孩說(shuō)周日下午沒(méi)有課。

      My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的語(yǔ)文老師問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)我是否在讀《紅與黑》這本書(shū)。

      (3)如果從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理,不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

      As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提時(shí),人們告訴我月亮自身不會(huì)發(fā)光,我不相信。

      特別提醒

      學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)的有關(guān)知識(shí)時(shí)要注意:若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài);若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí));若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)、格言、諺語(yǔ)、真理等,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則的限制,仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);若從句的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

      (1)主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式,而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。

      I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在兩小時(shí)內(nèi)記住這100個(gè)單詞。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜歡它。

      (2)含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)有兩種情況:若主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng),簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)

      句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致;若主句主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱(chēng),簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。

      I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣,是嗎?

      You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有通過(guò)這次考試,是嗎?

      “I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常見(jiàn)的表達(dá),但是沒(méi)有“I don't hope/guess so.”,正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)為“I hope/guess not.”。

      [考法綜述] 考查賓語(yǔ)從句主要集中在對(duì)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各引導(dǎo)詞的考查上,以及it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句的考查。

      命題法 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

      典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意:我真的相信美是發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的賓語(yǔ),是賓語(yǔ)從句,不缺少句子成分,故填that。

      典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故把what改為how。

      【解題法】(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出主句謂語(yǔ),判斷從句類(lèi)別。掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義、功能上的差別。

      (2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中,要分析設(shè)空處在從句中的成分和意義,結(jié)合整個(gè)主句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,從而找到合適的引導(dǎo)詞。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,先分析主句結(jié)構(gòu),再分析從句的類(lèi)別,熟記各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn),找出使用錯(cuò)誤的引導(dǎo)詞,并改正。

      A.單句填空

      1.The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意:該展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧┳柚箍諝馕廴?。根?jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。] 2.—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“By working out every day”可知,空格處用how 來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,表示方式。] 3.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意:讀著她的自傳,我對(duì)Doris Lessing 在文學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷,for后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,而從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),所以要用what。] 4.We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意:我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來(lái),以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知,要給Karl訂房間,那么就要清楚他來(lái)這里的時(shí)間,故填when。] 5.Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意:蘇珊清楚地向我表明,她希望自己開(kāi)始一種新的生活。it為形式賓語(yǔ),設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句為真正的賓語(yǔ)。從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整,故用that。] 6.After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意:長(zhǎng)途跋涉后,這些年輕人最終到達(dá)了他們稱(chēng)之為天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是賓語(yǔ)從句,作reach的賓語(yǔ),在從句中call缺賓語(yǔ),故用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)作從句中call的賓語(yǔ)。] 7.The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意:3G手機(jī)對(duì)于那些想要快速瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息的人來(lái)說(shuō)一定是非常方便實(shí)用的。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞to的賓語(yǔ),且whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于anyone who。] 8.John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意:John 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷,about后接的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,而從句中meant缺少賓語(yǔ),所以填what。] 9.Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意:母親常給我打電話(huà),問(wèn)我學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展如何。此處asking 后為賓語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)填how。] 10.Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意:你確定李先生要來(lái)參加你的生日晚會(huì)嗎?空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中不作成分,故用that引導(dǎo)。] B.單句改錯(cuò)

      1.It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。What...be like為固定形式,表示“……是什么樣子”。what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作imagine的賓語(yǔ),同時(shí)what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作介詞like的賓語(yǔ)。] 2.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:振作起來(lái)。勇氣就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,doing后為賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),故用what。that在名詞性從句中不作成分。] 3.Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意:警察已經(jīng)找到了與丟失的古代的雕像類(lèi)似的東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。where是副詞,不作主語(yǔ)。] 4.Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意:專(zhuān)家們相信,人們只有在必要時(shí)才去購(gòu)物就能減少食物浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知,believe后面要求接賓語(yǔ)從句,而且從句中不缺句子成分,也無(wú)意義,所以用that。] 5.Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________

      答案 which→what [句意:有些人太過(guò)在意自己的外表,總是問(wèn)(別人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起來(lái)是否不錯(cuò)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),再結(jié)合句意“他們所穿的衣服”應(yīng)使用連詞what引導(dǎo)這一賓語(yǔ)從句,what在從句中作wear的賓語(yǔ),指代人穿的衣服。which在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)意為“哪一個(gè)”,不合題意,故把which改為what。] 6.Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意:只有當(dāng)你親自來(lái)到紐約時(shí),你才會(huì)意識(shí)到美國(guó)文化是多么不同。根據(jù)how+adj./adv.+主語(yǔ)+其他部分可知,應(yīng)用how。故把what改為how。] 7.The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意:新郎和新娘給任何一個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人發(fā)禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知,“who attended their wedding”是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故用whoever,意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”,而who意為“誰(shuí)”,表疑問(wèn)。] 8.—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9:00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意:——爸爸,今晚我想和朋友們一起出去吃飯?!涀∧?點(diǎn)前必須回家。keep in mind that...是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),意為“記住……”,其中that引導(dǎo)的從句作keep的賓語(yǔ)。故把when改為that。] 9.This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意:未來(lái)五年地方公共服務(wù)應(yīng)該如何改進(jìn)的問(wèn)題仍然遺留下來(lái)。應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),且how在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。how意為“如何”,that無(wú)意義。故把that改為how。] 10.He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意:他今天似乎太累了,我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。賓語(yǔ)從句表示是否,動(dòng)詞后可用if或whether, that無(wú)意義,故把that改為if/whether。]

      考點(diǎn)三 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

      基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

      一、表語(yǔ)從句

      在句子中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有:從屬連詞that, whether;連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等;連接副詞when, where, why, how等。此外,表語(yǔ)從句還可用because和as if/as though等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

      從屬連詞在句中只起連接作用,不作成分;連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ);連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

      從屬連詞:that,whether 連接代詞:what,who,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whosever,whichever等

      連接副詞:how,when,where,why等

      The question is whether you can afford it.問(wèn)題是你是否買(mǎi)得起。

      Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我們的計(jì)劃是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他說(shuō)的話(huà)。

      Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好機(jī)會(huì)就在你眼前。

      特別提醒

      if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句;that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句一般不省略。

      典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意:——在選擇家具時(shí),你只注重功能而我更注重設(shè)計(jì)?!钦俏覀儾煌牡胤健?疾楸碚Z(yǔ)從句。where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

      此類(lèi)表語(yǔ)從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣,也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常跟在一些連系動(dòng)詞后面,如: seem似乎

      look看起來(lái)

      taste嘗起來(lái) sound聽(tīng)起來(lái) feel摸起來(lái) appear好像

      It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天發(fā)生的一樣。

      It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起來(lái)天要下雨了。

      特別提醒

      as if/as though意為“好像,仿佛”,其引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常位于系動(dòng)詞(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表語(yǔ)從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況,從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;若從句所述的是事實(shí)或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況,從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。考生要仔細(xì)體會(huì)其中的語(yǔ)境差別。

      I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感覺(jué)好像我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。

      She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起來(lái)好像努力工作了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。3 because, why也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

      because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型: This/That is why...這/那是……的原因 This/That is because...這/那是因?yàn)椤?/p>

      This is why we missed the early bus.這就是我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了早班車(chē)的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

      特別提醒

      當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo),不能用why或because,這種用法常見(jiàn)于以下句型:

      The reason why...is that...……的原因是……

      The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來(lái)晚了是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹恕?/p>

      二、同位語(yǔ)從句 在句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句,稱(chēng)作同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句常位于下列名詞之后,如: advice建議

      demand要求

      doubt懷疑 fact事實(shí) hope希望 idea主意

      information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低語(yǔ) order命令 problem問(wèn)題 promise諾言 question問(wèn)題 request請(qǐng)求 suggestion建議 truth事實(shí) wish愿望 word消息 conclusion結(jié)論 thought想法

      The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

      The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

      I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候回來(lái)定居。2 同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

      (1)常用的引導(dǎo)詞有:that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

      在同位語(yǔ)從句中that, whether不作成分,whether表示“是否”,其他連接詞具有實(shí)義,同時(shí)在同位語(yǔ)從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都不省略。

      The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些國(guó)家仍然貧窮對(duì)整個(gè)世界來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。

      The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.為什么如此之多的人愿意到鄉(xiāng)下去居住仍然在討論中。

      典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意:我向自己保證:今年——我高中的第一年——將會(huì)是不同尋常的一年。分析句意可知,空格處引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容,并且此從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整,故用that引導(dǎo)。

      (2)what也可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

      I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我給了這個(gè)女孩一個(gè)大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望擁有的東西。(3)分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句

      有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)較短,而從句內(nèi)容較長(zhǎng),這時(shí)為避免“頭重腳輕”,常常將謂語(yǔ)部分提到從句前面,形成分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。

      My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要給父母買(mǎi)一間大房子的愿望終有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

      典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意:下午兩點(diǎn)左右,有人通知說(shuō)會(huì)議要推遲了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位語(yǔ)從句,該從句解釋說(shuō)明notice的具體內(nèi)容,從句不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo)。此處謂語(yǔ)較短,從句較長(zhǎng),為避免“頭重腳輕”而將從句放在了謂語(yǔ)部分之后,形成了分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。故填that。

      重難點(diǎn) 后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞

      這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類(lèi)詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

      (√)I admire their winning the match.我羨慕他們贏了比賽。

      (×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

      有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常見(jiàn)的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。

      (√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他給經(jīng)理的印象是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)人。

      (×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh-與wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別

      連接詞what, which, who分別表示“……的東西或事情”、“哪一個(gè)”、“誰(shuí)”,表示疑問(wèn)含義;而whatever, whichever, whoever分別相當(dāng)于anything that, any...that, anyone who意為“無(wú)論……”,強(qiáng)調(diào)一切情況。試比較:

      What you choose to wear should be clean.你選擇穿的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。

      Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.無(wú)論你選擇穿什么,你的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。

      特別提醒

      如何判斷是用wh-還是用wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句?

      做題時(shí),我們要認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境,看看句子要表達(dá)什么意思,如果表示任何一個(gè)人或事物,無(wú)范圍可言,就用wh-ever;如果有疑問(wèn)的含義,且指的是具體的人或物,就用wh-。wh-ever和no matter wh-的區(qū)別

      wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,如:whatever, whichever, whoever等;而no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,如:no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。

      I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English

      contest.我將把這本字典贈(zèng)給在英語(yǔ)比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管誰(shuí)在英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng),我都會(huì)把這本字典給他。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

      [考法綜述](1)對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的考查通常是以引導(dǎo)詞的選擇為主,所以正確分析表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)重要。先確定從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整,如果完整就用that,且that不能省略;如果不完整,確定所缺成分,然后結(jié)合句意選定答案。弄清從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的也很重要。如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞,那么后面的部分是狀語(yǔ),再根據(jù)缺少的意思來(lái)選定答案。

      (2)解答考查同位語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí),一定先要找出從句解釋說(shuō)明的那個(gè)名詞,然后根據(jù)從句的意思和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷從句所缺的引導(dǎo)詞:

      ①?gòu)木湟馑己统煞侄纪暾陀胻hat引導(dǎo),此時(shí)要注意that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

      ②從句成分完整,但意思不完整,就用whether(是否),切記此時(shí)不能用if代替whether。③從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),則應(yīng)用連接代詞。根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思進(jìn)一步選擇用哪一個(gè)連接代詞。

      ④從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),則分別用連接副詞where, when, how, why。

      命題法1 考查表語(yǔ)從句

      典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意:船泊港灣固然安全,可那不是造船的初衷。but連接的并列句中that's后應(yīng)為表語(yǔ)從句,________ ships are built for表示為什么目的而造船,what for結(jié)構(gòu)與句子意思相符。

      典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意:正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō),生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),把that改為what。

      【解題法】 表語(yǔ)從句的解題思路

      (1)找出主句的動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞之后,為表語(yǔ)從句分析從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu),利用各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)。

      (2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中,主要考查引導(dǎo)詞。找出空前的系動(dòng)詞確定是表語(yǔ)從句,分析所填詞在從句中的成分和意義。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用、漏用和多余。掌握that與what的區(qū)別,以及who與whoever等詞的區(qū)別。分析句子成分,結(jié)合句意。

      命題法2 考查同位語(yǔ)從句

      典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意:——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎?——是的,可我不知道他為什么那么做;那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,用于解釋說(shuō)明idea的內(nèi)容;從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意此處表示原因,故用why引導(dǎo)。

      典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意:成功達(dá)到最高水平的唯一辦法是保持這樣一種信念,即你比運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的任何一個(gè)人都好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句,而且從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整,所以用that。] 【解題法】 同位語(yǔ)從句的解題思路

      (1)掌握常跟同位語(yǔ)從句的一些名詞如suggestion, advice, hope等,了解同位語(yǔ)從句的功能。

      (2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中,主要是考查引導(dǎo)詞。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that較多見(jiàn),也會(huì)考到when, where等。分析主句結(jié)構(gòu),識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞,判斷從句種類(lèi)。

      (3)在短文改錯(cuò)中,主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用、漏用和多余??忌鶕?jù)主句結(jié)構(gòu)挑出從句,如從句表示陳述意義,常用that引導(dǎo),表疑問(wèn)常用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。

      A.單句填空

      1.The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意:對(duì)這個(gè)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō),進(jìn)球得分的時(shí)刻是最好的時(shí)刻。when在表語(yǔ)從句中表時(shí)間。] 2.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意:“每次你吃甜東西,喝點(diǎn)綠茶?!边@是過(guò)去媽媽經(jīng)常對(duì)我說(shuō)的話(huà)。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查的是表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的直接賓語(yǔ),用what引導(dǎo)。] 3.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意:——真是一團(tuán)糟!你總是這么懶惰!——媽媽?zhuān)瑒e怪我。我現(xiàn)在這樣就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知,I am后是表語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作made me后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于the one that,即I am the one that you have made me。類(lèi)似例子還有:He is no longer what(=the one that)he used to be。] 4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意:奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說(shuō):“那就是我出生的地方?!贝颂幙疾榈氖敲~性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句。] 5.Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the

      challenges in life.答案 what [句意:勇氣是一種好品質(zhì),那就是面對(duì)生活中挑戰(zhàn)所需要的品質(zhì)。that's 后為表語(yǔ)從句,而且引導(dǎo)詞作從句中takes的賓語(yǔ)。故應(yīng)填what。] 6.Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意:面對(duì)困難,你應(yīng)該相信你的自信會(huì)起很大作用。make a difference意為“起作用,有影響”;本句中“________makes a difference”是表語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)閺木淙敝髡Z(yǔ),故用what。] 7.Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意:不要難過(guò),最重要的是我們必須從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn),并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。表語(yǔ)從句不缺任何成分,故填that。] 8.I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意:我覺(jué)得他說(shuō)得多做得少,這就是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容;在定語(yǔ)從句中,空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填why。] 9.The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意:《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。此處為表語(yǔ)從句,從句不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo)。] B.單句改錯(cuò)

      1.From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意:從太空看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s有71%的區(qū)域被水覆蓋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為表語(yǔ)從句,表示原因,故用because。because后加原因,why后加結(jié)果。因此把why改為because。] 2.Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意:通過(guò)數(shù)年的研究,兒童早期睡眠問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)大后有可能繼續(xù)的證據(jù)已經(jīng)被找到了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后面的部分是解釋說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容,是evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分,故把why改為that。] 3.Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意:如果能稱(chēng)之為問(wèn)題的話(huà),她唯一的問(wèn)題是她一直想成功。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引導(dǎo)。] 4.The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意:?jiǎn)栴}是我們?nèi)绾卧谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知,這里需要用連接副詞how來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。] 5.There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意:即使所有的因素都考慮了,系統(tǒng)是否會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)仍有些疑問(wèn)。whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,作doubt的同位語(yǔ),whether表示“是否”。] 6.People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意:全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,即永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)著和平的生活。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋名詞dream的內(nèi)容,因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞智乙饬x完整,所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 7.The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意:這個(gè)專(zhuān)家的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)得到了來(lái)自公眾的大力支持,爭(zhēng)論圍繞汽車(chē)數(shù)量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明argument的內(nèi)容,因從句不缺少成分,且句意完整,所以使用that引導(dǎo)。]

      易錯(cuò)題一:名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用

      [例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[錯(cuò)解] It/That/Who [錯(cuò)因分析] 此處缺少主語(yǔ),因此考生容易誤用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得體會(huì)]

      [例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[錯(cuò)解] which/that/if [錯(cuò)因分析] 該題貌似定語(yǔ)從句,考生易誤填which/that。此外,一些考生也許一看到后面的“or not”容易誤填if。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知,idea后面接一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,該從句是

      對(duì)idea的解釋說(shuō)明,且由后面的“or not”可知應(yīng)用whether。if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

      [答案] whether [心得體會(huì)]

      易錯(cuò)題二:漏用關(guān)系詞

      [例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[錯(cuò)解] that;what [錯(cuò)因分析] 許多同學(xué)一看便判斷出understood后為賓語(yǔ)從句,第一空誤填that;第二個(gè)空認(rèn)為said后缺賓語(yǔ),填what。

      [答案] what;what [心得體會(huì)]

      易錯(cuò)題三:名詞性從句中用it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

      [例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to

      protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[錯(cuò)解] What [錯(cuò)因分析] 考生誤認(rèn)為此空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,缺少主語(yǔ),誤填What。[答案] It [心得體會(huì)]

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