第一篇：2018年江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識：第2講非謂語動詞

第2講 非謂語動詞

1．Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江蘇，21)A．having developed

C．developed

答案 A 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。句意為：很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹立了聲譽(yù)，它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)?！癬_______their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語，修飾整個(gè)句子。句子主語many Chinese brands與動詞develop之間是主動關(guān)系，且句中有延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語over centuries，這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示主動和延續(xù)性的動作，因此選A。

2．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京，27)A．save

C．to save

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)牌以節(jié)約他們寶貴的時(shí)間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。

3．The national park has a large collection of wildlife，________ from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京，30)A．ranging

C．to range

答案 A 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...從??到??(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

4．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京，32)

B．range D．ranged B．saving D．saved

B．being developed D．developing A．to spend

C．spending

答案 D

B．spend D．spent

解析 考查過去分詞短語作定語。句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，但他仍然記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。time與spend之間是被動關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式。

5．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ________.(2017·天津，10)A．catching

C．to catch

答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定語。句意為：整個(gè)會議期間，我一直在看時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示將要發(fā)生的動作，且catch與a train是動賓關(guān)系，故用動詞不定式作定語，用主動形式表被動意義。

6．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津，14)A．being allowed

C．having allowed

答案 B 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。

7．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.(2016·江蘇，28)A．to hide

C．hiding

答案 B 解析 考查過去分詞作后置定語。句意為：在藝術(shù)評論中，你得假設(shè)藝術(shù)家藏了一個(gè)秘密信息在作品中。句中message與hide是被動關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞作后置定語。

8．________ it easier to get in touch with us，you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京，26)A．Made

C．Making

答案 D

B．Make D．To make B．hidden D．being hidden B．a(chǎn)llowing D．a(chǎn)llowed B．caught D．to be caught 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：為了更容易地和我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，你最好把這張名片卡放在手邊。由本句話的后半句可知，make的邏輯主語為you，you與make之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意可知，非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語，故選D。

9．________ over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京，28)A．Ordering

C．Having ordered

答案 D 解析 考查過去分詞短語作狀語。句意為：那些書一周前已經(jīng)預(yù)定了，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故選D。

10．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津，4)A．making

C．made

答案 A 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。句意為：涼爽的風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來，沒有必要吹空調(diào)了。題中swept是謂語動詞，所以make只能用非謂語動詞形式；句子主語the cooling wind與make是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。11．To return to the problem of water pollution，I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江，10)A．having conducted

C．conducting

答案 D 解析 考查過去分詞短語作定語。句意為：為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中沒有連詞，所以空處用非謂語動詞，且 a study和 conduct 構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。12．I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江，19)A．working

C．to work

答案 A 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語。句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。

B．work D．worked B．to be conducted D．conducted B．to make D．being made B．To order D．Ordered 題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth.做某事很開心，是固定搭配，故選A。13．Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江蘇，24)A．being spent

C．spent

答案 C 解析 考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：長時(shí)間坐在辦公桌前，辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。time 與spend之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。

14．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津，8)A．To work

C．To be working

答案 D 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。句意為：工作了兩天后，史蒂夫設(shè)法準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。work與其邏輯主語Steve之間為主謂關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；同時(shí)work的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作managed to finish之前，故要用完成時(shí)。

15．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南，30)A．wondering

C．to wonder

答案 A 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。句意為：那名店員看到一張友善的臉，臉上因歉意的微笑布滿了皺紋，這時(shí)她愣在了那里，琢磨著是走還是留。句子的主語she與wonder之間是主動關(guān)系，且wonder與主句動作stood是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。16．Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them.(2015·湖南，34)A．to talk over

C．talk over

答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：有時(shí)對我的同學(xué)來說我充當(dāng)了聽眾的角色，以便與他們詳細(xì)聊一聊正在困擾他們的事情。本句用動詞不定式作目的狀語。

B．talked over D．having talked over B．wonder D．wondered B．Worked D．Having worked B．having spent D．spending 17．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重慶，11)A．used

C．using

答案 C 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。句意為：就像古時(shí)候的水手一樣，鳥能利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。根據(jù)語境，use與其邏輯主語birds之間為主動關(guān)系，且use表示的動作與主句謂語動作find同時(shí)發(fā)生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。

18．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it __________ live is quite another.(2015·浙江，18)A．perform

C．to perform

答案 D 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語。句意為：在家聽音樂是一回事，去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂完全是另外一回事。題干中含有“hear＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動關(guān)系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂，故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

19．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陜西，18)A．taking

C．take

答案 B 解析 考查過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語。句意為：李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。此處是“see＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是do，doing或者done。若賓語與補(bǔ)語之間是主動關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的全過程，用省略to的動詞不定式，即do；若賓語與補(bǔ)語之間是主動關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，用doing；若賓語與補(bǔ)語之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。

20．________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽，27)A．Ignore

B．Ignoring B．taken D．be taken B．performing D．being performed B．having used D．use C．Ignored

答案 B

D．Having ignored 解析 考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語作主語。句意為：忽視這兩個(gè)研究結(jié)果的不同將是你犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯誤之一。從will be one of the worst mistakes you make來看，will的前面部分是主語，因此用v.-ing短語作主語。分詞的完成式不能作主語。

一、常考考點(diǎn)

1．在“句子，非句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語

The teacher devoted his life to his career，making most of his students successful in study.這位老師把他的一生都奉獻(xiàn)給了他的事業(yè)，使他的大部分學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上取得了成功。2．在“非句子，句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語 Having worked with children，I know what is needed most.和孩子一起工作后，我知道什么是最需要的。

3．在“with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可能用非謂語動詞 With her baby sleeping on her back，the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.這位婦女在打掃富人的房子，她的孩子正睡在她的背上。

4．在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役動詞或感官動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，也可能用非謂語動詞

His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy.他拿走了妹妹的玩具，把妹妹弄哭了。

二、易錯點(diǎn)梳理

1．表面上考分詞，實(shí)際上考形容詞的情況 The man won a big prize，surprised and happy.他中了大獎，又驚喜又快樂。

句中surprised形式上是過去分詞，但已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，在句中作狀語(或主語補(bǔ)足語)。2．在“被動形式表主動”情況中出題

Dressed in a white skirt，the girl looks like an angel.穿著白色裙子，這個(gè)女孩看上去像天使。

dressed是過去分詞，但它沒有被動的意思，而表示“穿著”這一主動意義。3．在“主動形式表被動”的情況中出題

Looking tired and weak，the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.這位婦女看起來又累又虛弱，她應(yīng)該請一天假去看醫(yī)生。look在本題中為感官動詞，感官動詞在非謂語中用主動表被動。4．從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題

用逗號隔開的前后兩部分的邏輯主語有時(shí)一致，有時(shí)不一致。邏輯主語不一致時(shí)，非謂語動詞一般要自帶邏輯主語，從而構(gòu)成“分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。Seen from this angle，the mountain looks like a face of a man.從這個(gè)角度看，這座山看起來像一個(gè)人的臉。

Time permitting，I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.時(shí)間允許的話，明天下午我就和你一起去那里。

5．在“and/or/but＋句子”的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能會考查“以動詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)表面上像非謂語，其實(shí)考查的是謂語。Study hard or you will fail in the exam.努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會考試不及格的。

1．Many natural disasters took place across the country，________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模，28)A．to have brought

C．only to bring

答案 B 解析 句意為：很多自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生在全國各地，結(jié)果給人們的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來了嚴(yán)重的損失。根據(jù)語境可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為結(jié)果狀語。only to do作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，不符合本題語境；自然災(zāi)害的發(fā)生造成生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失是自然而然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B項(xiàng)。

2．“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks，” the spokesman continued，“ ________ to several hot issues，witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·華庚中學(xué)測試，31)A．refer

C．having referred

B．referring D．referred B．only bringing D．having brought 答案 B 解析 句意為：發(fā)言人繼續(xù)說道，“習(xí)主席和沙特阿拉伯國王提及幾個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問題的會談見證了兩國的友誼?！?根據(jù)語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是非謂語動詞作定語修飾talks，talks與refer to...之間存在主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，故選B項(xiàng)。

3．The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com，________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene.(2017·宿遷青華中學(xué)月考，29)A．proving

C．to be proved

答案 A 解析 句意為：《三體》迅速成為亞馬遜網(wǎng)站上最暢銷的亞洲文學(xué)作品，這證明中國也有成功的科幻小說。proving that...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，其邏輯主語是前面的整個(gè)句子。故選A。

4．To the couple’s great surprise，the house was in a mess as if ________.(2017·南通、揚(yáng)州、泰州、淮安三模，23)A．breaking into

C．broken into

答案 C 解析 句意為：令這對夫婦非常吃驚的是，屋子里一片狼藉，仿佛被強(qiáng)行闖入過。分析句子成分可知，主語the house與break into之間為被動關(guān)系，即the house was in a mess as if(it was)broken into，故選C項(xiàng)。5．—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh，Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never ________ again.(2017·宿遷青華中學(xué)月考，24)A．to find

C．finding

答案 B 解析 句意為：——Tim怎么了？——噢，他的手機(jī)不小心忘在出租車上，再也找不回來了。Tim’s cell phone和find之間是被動關(guān)系，且find的動作在謂語動詞動作之后，故用動詞不定式的一般被動式，故答案為B。

B．to be found D．being found B．having broken into D．being broken into B．to prove D．will prove 6．In a diverse society，one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights.(2017·啟東中學(xué)月考，32)A．it being

C．there being

答案 D 解析 句意為：在一個(gè)多樣化的社會，一個(gè)人總是期望對于權(quán)利有多種解釋。此處考查的是expect一詞的非謂語動詞用法，即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其與there be句式的混合考法，即生成expect there to be的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。

7．The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible，________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模擬，22)A．getting

C．to get

答案 C 解析 句意為：水現(xiàn)在有兩英尺深，即使有可能，也很難把汽車弄出來。動詞不定式作真正的賓語，it是形式賓語，difficult是補(bǔ)足語，故答案為C。

8．Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences，thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京學(xué)情調(diào)研，28)A．to inspire

C．inspired

答案 B 解析 句意為：根據(jù)外國的節(jié)目改編的版本獲得了大量的觀眾，從而激勵更多的中國電視集團(tuán)購買國外的素材。分析句子成分可知，逗號前面為主句，其后為非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語。結(jié)合句意以及thus可知空格處表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故選B項(xiàng)。

9．The white building，________ threats to pull it down，is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋聯(lián)考，11)A．to survive

C．surviving

答案 D 解析 句意為：在險(xiǎn)些被拆除后，那棟白色建筑現(xiàn)在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處為非謂語動詞作時(shí)間狀語。the white building與survive之間應(yīng)為主動關(guān)系且

B．survived D．having survived B．inspiring D．having inspired B．got D．get B．it to be D．there to be survive先于句子謂語動作發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語，相當(dāng)于after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，故選D項(xiàng)。

10．Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government，the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.(2017·南通、揚(yáng)州、泰州、淮安三模，31)A．to be collected

C．being collected

答案 A 解析 句意為：大多數(shù)重建那個(gè)遭受地震破壞的城鎮(zhèn)的錢已由政府募集，余下的將來自即將到來的慈善音樂會的募捐。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后不能構(gòu)成句子，應(yīng)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。the rest與collect之間存在被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)the coming charity concerts可知，余下的錢將通過音樂會被募捐，應(yīng)用動詞不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A項(xiàng)。

11．Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期末，28)A．heard

C．hearing

答案 A 解析 句意為：女性值得被有尊嚴(yán)地對待，她們應(yīng)該讓她們的呼聲被世界聽到。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為賓補(bǔ)，make后常用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，排除D項(xiàng)；賓語voices與hear之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞heard，故選A項(xiàng)。

12．A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試，26)A．exposed

C．being exposed

答案 C 解析 句意為：明智的母親決不會讓她的孩子置身于一丁點(diǎn)兒危險(xiǎn)之中。介詞of后跟動名詞作賓語，her children是動名詞的邏輯主語，且her children和expose之間是被動關(guān)系，故用動名詞的被動式，所以正確答案為C。

13．Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation，________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模，25)

B．exposing D．to be exposed B．having heard D．to be heard

B．having been collected D．to have been collected A．increasing

C．having increased

答案 A

B．to increase D．being increased 解析 句意為：笑會使心臟功能和血液循環(huán)產(chǎn)生短期的變化，增加心率和氧氣的消耗。根據(jù)語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語，increase帶有賓語，為主動形式，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故選A項(xiàng)。

14．—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?

—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研，28)A．to be trapped

C．trapped

答案 C 解析 句意為：——你能告訴我《加州旅館》這首歌中的“你隨時(shí)可以退房，但你永遠(yuǎn)無法離去”這句歌詞是什么意思嗎？——它暗示了吸毒者發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己被困在了一個(gè)他們無法逃脫的監(jiān)獄里。分析句子成分可知，themselves與trap之間為被動關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。15．—Sharon，why is the man so upset now? —His wallet，mobile phone and ID card ________，the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，27)A．was stolen

C．being stolen

答案 B 解析 句意為：——Sharon，為什么那個(gè)人現(xiàn)在那么沮喪？——他的錢包、手機(jī)和身份證都被偷了，警察正在調(diào)查而且要把他送到社會救助站。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處所在部分為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，his wallet，mobile phone and ID card與steal之間存在被動關(guān)系。being stolen表示正在被偷，與題意不符，應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)被偷了，故選B項(xiàng)。

16．________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes，the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、鹽城二模，33)A．Winning

C．Having won

B．Won D．To win B．stolen D．having stolen B．having trapped D．trapping 答案 C 解析 句意為：在獲得了破紀(jì)錄的七個(gè)金球獎之后，音樂劇《愛樂之城》卻出人意料地沒有吸引中國的觀眾。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表示的動作先于句子謂語動作發(fā)生，即贏得獎項(xiàng)在先，不吸引中國觀眾在后。having won為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，此處作時(shí)間狀語，表示動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生，故選C項(xiàng)。

17．—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考，29)A．Spending

C．To spend

答案 A 解析 句意為：——Nicky作為公共關(guān)系總監(jiān)要做什么事呢？——花很多時(shí)間和別人在一起。第二個(gè)說話人針對問題中的what進(jìn)行回答，空格處應(yīng)用動名詞短語，故選A項(xiàng)。

18．________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle，Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·蘇州一模，26)A．Touched

C．Touch

答案 B 解析 句意為：在西雅圖的歡迎宴會的講話中習(xí)近平談及網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的問題時(shí)，他號召所有國家合作制定與國情相符的網(wǎng)絡(luò)政策。句子主語Xi Jinping與touch on(談及，涉及)之間存在主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。

19．There are always some obstacles in the way，something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，26)A．to be got through B．got through C．getting through D．having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意為：總有一些障礙在擋路，一些我們實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的教育目標(biāo)前需要克服的東西。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需要非謂語動詞作定語修飾something，get through意為“克服”，B．Touching D．To touch B．Having spent D．To have spent something與get through間為被動關(guān)系；根據(jù)句意可知，“實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的教育目標(biāo)”是將來的事，因此“需要克服的東西”也在將來，故選A。

20．—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown.—Yes，and it brings us great convenience.A．to be building

C．to have built

答案 D 解析 句意為：——據(jù)報(bào)道一座新橋已經(jīng)被建造在你家鄉(xiāng)的那條河上?！堑?，它給我們帶來很大的便利。根據(jù)答句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，橋已經(jīng)被建造好，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用完成式，又因?yàn)閎ridge與build之間是動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動詞不定式的完成被動式。故選D項(xiàng)。

B．to be built D．to have been built

第二篇：2012年高考英語《非謂語動詞(一)》教案

《非謂語動詞

（一）》教案

一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1、非謂語動詞的常見考點(diǎn)；

2、如何解非謂語動詞的題目；

3、非謂語動詞的句法功能；

4、非謂語動詞的形式。

二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)

1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：非謂語動詞的常見考點(diǎn)；如何解非謂語動詞的題目。

2、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：非謂語動詞的常見考點(diǎn)。

三、教學(xué)過程

（一）問題排行榜（Hit the charts）

1、非謂語動詞的常見考點(diǎn)都有哪些？

2、如何解非謂語動詞的題目？

3、非謂語動詞各有哪些句法功能？

4、非謂語動詞各有哪些形式？

（二）攻克難點(diǎn)（Overcome difficulties）

1、非謂語動詞各有哪些形式？

2、非謂語動詞各有哪些句法功能？

3、非謂語動詞的常見考點(diǎn)都有哪些？ 動詞不定式

一、動詞不定式作主語

不定式短語作主語時(shí)，如果主語較長，往往在句首用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)移到謂語動詞之后，形成“it＋謂語＋(作主語的)不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡。

It is my honor ________here to spend some time with you.A．to be invited B．inviting C．being invited D．to invite

二、動詞不定式作表語

動詞不定式可作表語，通常說明或解釋主語的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來的動作。

The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，________it more difficult.A．not making B．not make C．not to make D．to not make

三、動詞不定式作賓語

英語中有一部分動詞常跟不定式作賓語。常見的這類動詞有：agree同意；fail未能；promise保證；afford承擔(dān)得起；forget忘記；refuse拒絕；happen碰巧；attempt試圖；hesitate猶豫；seek試圖；determine決定；prepare準(zhǔn)備；pretend假裝等。

There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.A．to discover B．to be discovered C．discovered D．being discovered

四、動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)

1．有些動詞(短語)后面常接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見的這類動詞有：advise勸告；force迫使；instruct指示；ask要求；intend打算要；

beg請求；expect期望；invite邀請；forbid禁止；remind提醒；urge激勵；order命令；permit允許；teach勸誡；wish希望；persuade說服。動詞短語有：call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for等。

We can't count on a man like Jim ________us the necessary help.A．to give B．giving C．to be given D．given 2．在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，prove，suppose，imagine等詞后面，常跟“to be＋形容詞(也可以是名詞或反身代詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)，但在主動語態(tài)中to be?？梢允∪?。

We sometimes imagine a desert island ________a sort of paradise，where the sun always shines.A．be B．being C．不填 D．is 3．有些動詞，主要是感官動詞和使役動詞，它們可后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被動語態(tài)的句子中，就要用帶to的不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。My parents have always made me ________about myself，even when I was twelve.A．feeling well B．feeling good C．feel well D．feel good

五、動詞不定式作定語

1．不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短語后面作定語。

His first book ________next month is based on a true story.A．published B．to be published C．to publish D．being published 2．不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后面作定語。不定式作定語與被修飾的中心詞之間常表現(xiàn)為主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。

The next train to arrive was from New York.(主謂關(guān)系)It was a game to be remembered.(動賓關(guān)系)(2011年高考湖南卷)The ability________an idea is as important as the idea itself.A．expressing B．expressed

C．to express D．to be expressed

六、動詞不定式作狀語

1．不定式作原因狀語。不定式也可跟在某些形容詞或動詞后面作原因狀語。We were astonished ________the temple still in its original condition.A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found 2．不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語既可放在句首也可放在句尾。為了加強(qiáng)語氣，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to較少置于句首。With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank ________presents for my dad.A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought 3．不定式作結(jié)果狀語。具體形式如下：

“too＋adj.＋adv.＋to do”意為“太??而不能”，“adj.＋adv.＋enough＋to do”意為“足以??”，“only/just to do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。Do you think you are brave enough ________bungee jumping? A．trying B．in trying C．to try D．a(chǎn)nd try

七、“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

疑問詞“what/how/when/where/which＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、表語、賓語等。

As a journalist you should first decide what events ________before you make some interviews.A．reported B．to report C．to be reported D．reporting 動名詞

動名詞主要起名詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語以及定語，不能作狀語，有各種形式的變化。

一、動名詞作主語

動名詞可直接放在句首作主語。在一些句子中，常用it作形式主語，而把能用作真正主語的動名詞放在后面。it is后可接no use，no good等名詞，也可接useless，nice等形容詞。

In my mind，________that famous university will be the only way to become a world class writer.A．a(chǎn)ttending B．a(chǎn)ttended C．a(chǎn)ttend D．having attended

二、動名詞作賓語

1．有些動詞(短語)后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。

常見的后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：admit承認(rèn)；excuse原諒；postpone拖延；practice練習(xí)；consider考慮；delay耽擱；imagine想像；deny否認(rèn)；suggest建議；enjoy喜歡；escape逃避；permit允許等。

常見的后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有：can't help，feel like，leave off，put off，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。

The man denied ________anything in the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.A．to have stolen B．having been stealing C．having stolen D．to steal 2．在have difficulty(trouble，problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)＋動名詞；be busy(in)＋動名詞；waste time(in)＋動名詞；lose time(in)＋動名詞；there is no point(in)＋動名詞等結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞作介詞in的賓語，in常省去。

I had great difficulty ________the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 3．下列動詞后既可接不定式，也可接動名詞，但含義不同： forget to do sth.forget doing sth.mean to do sth.mean doing sth.—Robert is indeed a wise man.—Oh，yes.How often I have regretted ________his advice!A．to take B．taking C．not to take D．not taking

過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可用作表語、定語、狀語等。

過去分詞在句中作定語、狀語以及表語，不能作謂語。1．分詞作表語

現(xiàn)在分詞作表語常常表示主語所具有的特質(zhì)或特征，過去分詞作表語多表示主語處于某種狀態(tài)。通常情況下現(xiàn)在分詞譯為“令人??的”，過去分詞譯為“某人感到??”。

In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A．sticking B．stuck C．to be stuck D．to have stuck 2．分詞作定語

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。過去分詞作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

I'm calling to enquire about the position ________in yesterday's China Daily.A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．to be advertised C．a(chǎn)dvertising D．having advertised(2)分詞作后置定語可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號將其與所修飾的中心詞分開)兩種，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。

So far nobody has claimed the money ________in the library.A．discovered B．to be discovered C．discovering D．having discovered 3．分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

常跟分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。

(2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost 4．分詞作狀語

分詞可作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語以及結(jié)果狀語等。

The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________for a meal to be cooked.A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid [考點(diǎn)透析] 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with結(jié)構(gòu)在近幾年的高考中都有所體現(xiàn)，主要考查其在句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、條件或在句尾作方式、伴隨狀語，今后的高考中仍會考查此結(jié)構(gòu)。

The guests having left，he began to take a short rest.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表時(shí)間)Weather permitting，we'll go sightseeing.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表?xiàng)l件)All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表?xiàng)l件)[誤區(qū)警示] ①一種習(xí)慣用法是：在“名詞/代詞＋介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞/代詞和介詞后面的名詞沒有任何冠詞或所有格修飾，也不用with引導(dǎo)。

Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)也可以由“with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞”構(gòu)成。

With the machine to do all the work，we will finish our task on time.He stared at her，with his mouth open.With his parents away，the boy became naughtier.He stood at the window，with his hands in his pockets.（三）方法列舉（List methods）如何解非謂語動詞的題目？

1、判定題目是否考察非謂語

2、非謂語動詞題目三步走：

（1）非謂語所在分句中沒有主語出現(xiàn)，但是非謂語動作需要有邏輯上的依靠，即是邏輯主語。邏輯主語通常是句子主語。

（2）考察：非謂語動作與邏輯主語之間的主被動關(guān)系。（兩種情況）（3）考察：非謂語動作與謂語動作之間在時(shí)間順序的先后關(guān)系。（三種情況）

（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）

1.He walked down the hills, ____ softly to himself.A.sing

B.sings

C.singing A.sing D.was singing 2.He walked down the hills, and ____ softly to himself.B.sings D.was singing C.singing 3.Stop running and you will feel your heart _____ faster than ever.A.beat B.beating C.beaten D.was beating 4.Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight ____ off her mind.A.taking B.taken C.take

（五）小結(jié)

（六）課后作業(yè)

1、復(fù)習(xí)一遍課堂摘記。

2、完成課堂尚未完成的練習(xí)。

3、復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞的常見考點(diǎn)。

D.to be taken 8

第三篇：2018年江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識：第4講動詞與動詞短語

第4講 動詞與動詞短語

1．Working with the medical team in Africa has_____ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江蘇，25)A．held out

C．picked out 答案 B 解析 句意為：在非洲與醫(yī)療隊(duì)的合作使她作為一名醫(yī)生的最佳素質(zhì)彰顯了出來。hold out伸出，堅(jiān)持；bring out使顯現(xiàn)，使表現(xiàn)出；pick out挑選出，辨認(rèn)出；give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出。2．A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江蘇，30)A．shape

C．stretch

答案 A 解析 句意為：到了年底，快速回顧一下自己的成功和失敗，這會有助于你為未來的一年做好規(guī)劃。shape影響(某事物的發(fā)展)，符合語境。switch轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變；stretch變大，拉長；sharpen使變鋒利，使增強(qiáng)。

3．Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________，get married，and have kids.(2017·天津，5)A．settle down

C．get up

答案 A 解析 句意為：布朗夫婦希望看到女兒安頓下來(settle down)，結(jié)婚成家，生兒育女。keep off使避開，不接近；get up起床，站起來；cut in插嘴，打斷別人說話。

4．He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江蘇，25)A．a(chǎn)pproach

C．compromise

答案 C 解析 句意為：他不輕易妥協(xié)，但他很樂意接受對一項(xiàng)崇高事業(yè)的任何建設(shè)性的建議。compromise妥協(xié)，符合句意。

5．Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江蘇，30)

B．wrestle D．communicate B．keep off D．cut in B．switch D．sharpen B．brought out D．given out A．fallen off

C．turned off

答案 B

B．taken off D．left off 解析 句意為：由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，許多大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)成功。take off成功，起飛，符合句意。fall off跌落，下降；turn off關(guān)掉；leave off停止(做)某事，戒掉，均不符合題意。6．Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江蘇，33)A．gain admission to

C．take advantage of

答案 C 解析 句意為：父母應(yīng)積極督促孩子抓住機(jī)會加入運(yùn)動隊(duì)。take advantage of利用，符合句意。gain admission to獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入；keep track of與……保持聯(lián)系；give rise to引起，導(dǎo)致，均不符合題意。

7．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江，8)A．divide

C．control

答案 A 解析 句意為：當(dāng)我們學(xué)會求同存異，而非對立分歧時(shí)，我們會收獲頗多。divide分開；reject拒絕；control控制；abandon放棄，拋棄。根據(jù)句意可知選A。

8．When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江，12)A．carried away

C．cut off

答案 C 解析 句意為：當(dāng)孩子們住得離他們很遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，這些老人們感覺與外界隔離了。carry away帶走，奪走；break down拋錨，垮掉；cut off切斷，隔離；bring up撫養(yǎng)，提出。根據(jù)句意可知選C。

9．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江，14)A．limited

C．reflected

答案 C 解析 句意為：當(dāng)最后決定選一門課程時(shí)，我決定申請那門反映我興趣的課程。reflect反映，B．reserved D．spoiled B．broken down D．brought up B．reject D．a(chǎn)bandon B．keep track of D．give rise to 體現(xiàn)，符合語境。limit限制；reserve預(yù)訂，保留；spoil毀掉，溺愛。

10．Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津，8)A．gave voice to

C．turned a deaf ear to

答案 A 解析 句意為：瑪麗在討論初期保持了沉默，但最終還是提出了對這一話題的看法。give voice to意為“表達(dá)對……的想法”，符合語境。keep an eye on照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to對……充耳不聞；set foot on進(jìn)入，參觀。

11．I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to ________ a conversation with her.(2016·天津，14)A．carry on

C．turn down

答案 A 解析 句意為：我討厭工作時(shí)她給我打電話——我一直很忙，沒時(shí)間與她進(jìn)行談話。carry on意為“進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)”，符合語境。break into打斷，闖入；turn down調(diào)低，拒絕；cut off停止，中斷。

12．Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江蘇，22)A．a(chǎn)ccelerate

C．perform

答案 D 解析 句意為：學(xué)校應(yīng)該是鼓勵個(gè)人發(fā)展他們最大潛力的、充滿活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve改善；perform執(zhí)行；develop發(fā)展。

13．The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015·江蘇，27)A．a(chǎn)pply to

C．a(chǎn)ppeal to

答案 B 解析 句意為：大學(xué)開始開設(shè)一些新的語言項(xiàng)目，以迎合國家的絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶。apply to 適用于，申請；cater for 迎合，滿足所需；appeal to 呼吁，上訴；hunt for 搜尋。

14．The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.(2015·江蘇，29)A．wait on

C．count on

B．focus on D．call on B．cater for D．hunt for B．improve D．develop B．break into D．cut off B．kept an eye on D．set foot on 答案 C 解析 句意為：整個(gè)球隊(duì)依靠克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多，而他很少讓他們失望。wait on 服侍，等待；focus on 集中于，關(guān)注；count on依靠，指望；call on 拜訪，號召，呼吁。15．Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江，5)A．produce

C．process

答案 C 解析 句意為：研究表明左右耳處理聲音的方式不同。process加工，處理，符合語境。produce生產(chǎn)，制作，創(chuàng)作；pronounce發(fā)音；download下載。

16．If steel is heavier than water，why are ships able to ________ on the sea？(2015·浙江，16)A．float

C．shrink

答案 A 解析 句意為：如果鋼鐵比水重的話，那為什么輪船能夠浮在海面上？float漂浮，符合語境。drown淹沒，(使)溺死；shrink(使)收縮，(使)縮?。籹plit(使)裂開，(使)破裂。17．If you come to visit China，you will________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015·安徽，22)A．develop

C．substitute

答案 D 解析 句意為：如果你來訪問中國，你將體驗(yàn)到有著驚人的深度和多元化的文化。develop開發(fā)；create創(chuàng)造；substitute替代；experience經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)。

18．The team are working hard to ________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015·湖北，23)A．face

C．raise

答案 D 解析 句意為：這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)正在努力分析這個(gè)問題，以便他們能找到最好的解決方法。根據(jù)題干中的find the best solution可知，在找到最好的解決方法之前應(yīng)該是先努力“分析(analyze)”問題。face面對；prevent阻止；raise提高。

19．In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to ________ that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015·湖北，24)A．whisper

C．declare

B．signal D．complain B．prevent D．a(chǎn)nalyze B．create D．experience B．drown D．split B．pronounce D．download 答案 B 解析 句意為：為了不讓別人聽到自己的聲音，她豎起手指示意有人正在樓上走動。根據(jù)題干中的pointed her finger upwards可知，她只是豎起手指示意，并沒有出聲。signal意為“示意”，所以答案選B項(xiàng)。whisper低語；declare宣布；complain抱怨。

20．If you have any doubts about your health，you’d better________ your doctor at once.(2015·天津，11)A．convince

C．a(chǎn)void

答案 B 解析 句意為：如果你對自己的健康狀況有所懷疑的話，你最好馬上咨詢醫(yī)生。consult請教，咨詢，找(醫(yī)生)診治，符合語境。convince使相信，使明白；avoid避免；affect影響。

B．consult D．a(chǎn)ffect

1．有些動詞，如feel，look，taste等，既可用作系動詞，又可用作實(shí)義動詞，怎么判斷呢？系動詞常跟形容詞作表語；實(shí)義動詞則常用副詞作狀語；系動詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，但在表示語意客氣、生動、親切時(shí)，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)。The newly-invented drinking tastes quite unique.這種新研制的飲料嘗起來挺獨(dú)特的。(系動詞)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.廚師正在仔細(xì)地品嘗這條魚。(實(shí)義動詞)2．run out/run out of的區(qū)別：run out是不及物動詞短語，無被動語態(tài)，主語通常是表示時(shí)間、食物、金錢等的名詞；run out of是及物動詞短語，相當(dāng)于use up，主語通常為人。My money ran out.我的錢花完了。I ran out of my money.我把錢花完了。

3．具體語境中對動詞“熟詞生義”的考查。如下列單詞的“熟詞生義”：

ache渴望；address在……上寫地址；appreciate理解，意識到；count有價(jià)值；cover足以支付；develop逐漸形成；draw推斷出；escape被忘掉；fail使失望，衰退；invite招致；observe遵守，慶祝；push督促；promise預(yù)示；part分手，放棄；read寫著；relate講述；say假設(shè)；walk遛等。

4．常見的基礎(chǔ)詞匯如get，take，put，break，look，call等構(gòu)成的短語一直是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。如：If the new safety system had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.句中put...to use是固定搭配，意為“利用/使用……”。As their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut off from the world.此句中的cut off意為“隔絕，隔離”。

1．Roger trained hard for the tournament for months，but unfortunately he had to ________ due to a knee injury.(2017·蘇北六市聯(lián)考，32)A．pull out

C．try out

答案 A 解析 句意為：Roger為了這次錦標(biāo)賽艱苦訓(xùn)練了好幾個(gè)月，但不幸的是，由于膝傷，他不得不退出。work out計(jì)算出，鍛煉；try out試驗(yàn)，選拔；give out散發(fā)，分發(fā)，用完。pull out退出，(使)離開，符合語境，故選A項(xiàng)。

2．If you want to go further in the new sport，the best way is to ________ and practise more frequently.(2017·南通、揚(yáng)州、泰州、淮安三模，22)A．dive in C．catch on

答案 A 解析 句意為：如果你想在這項(xiàng)新的運(yùn)動上走得更遠(yuǎn)，最好的方法就是熱切地投入和更加頻繁地練習(xí)。dive in熱切地加入，符合句意。drop out退出，輟學(xué)；catch on流行起來；spring up突然出現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

3．If you manage to survive the crisis，think about how it will help you ________ new challenges.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期末，30)A．give up

C．hold up

答案 B 解析 句意為：如果你設(shè)法在危機(jī)中幸存下來，思考一下它將如何幫助你接受新的挑戰(zhàn)。take up接受，拿起，舉起，占據(jù)(空間或時(shí)間)，開始從事，符合句意。give up放棄；hold up舉起，支撐，耽擱，延誤；put up舉起，升起，設(shè)立，建造，提供住宿，張貼，懸掛。故選B項(xiàng)。4．You wouldn’t normally ________ these two writers；their styles are completely different.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試，27)A．distinguish

C．a(chǎn)djust

答案 B 解析 句意為：你通常不會把這兩位作家聯(lián)系在一起，他們的風(fēng)格完全不同。associate把……聯(lián)系在一起，使有關(guān)系，符合題意。distinguish區(qū)別，區(qū)分；adjust調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)；divorce離婚，使分離。

B．a(chǎn)ssociate D．divorce B．take up D．put up B．drop out D．spring up B．work out D．give out 5．Sharing a flat with someone helps ease one’s loneliness，but living alone ________ me，for I can play music as loud as I want.(2017·泰州中學(xué)摸底考試，30)A．caters to

C．a(chǎn)ppeals to

答案 C 解析 句意為：和某人共享一個(gè)公寓有助于緩解孤獨(dú)感，但獨(dú)居對我更有吸引力，因?yàn)槲铱梢詫⒁魳凡シ诺轿蚁胍哪菢禹?。appeal to sb.對某人有吸引力，符合句意。cater to款待，為……服務(wù)；refer to參考，指的是；respond to響應(yīng)，回應(yīng)。

6．As its economy is maturing，China’s ________ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.(2017·南京三模，30)A．defining

C．guaranteeing

答案 B 解析 句意為：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的成熟，在像氣候和發(fā)展那樣的重要問題上中國正在承擔(dān)更大的作用。define定義，使明確；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；assure保證，確保。均不符合語境。assume承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，假定，認(rèn)為，assume a greater role承擔(dān)更大的作用，符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。7．The recently released film Kong：Skull Island successfully ________ the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3-D technology.(2017·南京三模，35)A．transports

C．transforms

答案 A 解析 句意為：最近上映的電影《金剛·骷髏島》成功地用杜比三維立體技術(shù)把觀眾帶入了這次冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷中。adjust調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng)；transform使改觀，使變形；relate聯(lián)系，均不符合語境。transport在此處表示“使產(chǎn)生身臨其境的感覺”，符合語境，故選A項(xiàng)。

8．In the virtual laboratory environment created in the VR app，students can ________ a particular experiment before doing them in a real lab.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，29)A．reveal

C．preview

答案 C 解析 句意為：在用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用程序創(chuàng)設(shè)的虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中，學(xué)生們可以在真正的實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)之前預(yù)先進(jìn)行某個(gè)特定的實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)before doing them in a real lab可知，此處指預(yù)先進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，preview預(yù)展，預(yù)演，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。

9．The Palace of Versailles，F(xiàn)rance’s national treasure，has ________ many changes in its century-long history while keeping its beauty.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，23)

B．reserve D．provide B．a(chǎn)djusts D．relates B．a(chǎn)ssuming D．a(chǎn)ssuring B．refers to D．responds to A．gone through

C．led to

答案 A

B．taken on D．showed off 解析 句意為：凡爾賽宮，法國的國寶，在它一個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷史中，經(jīng)歷了許多變化卻依然美麗。take on呈現(xiàn)，接納；lead to導(dǎo)致；show off炫耀。go through經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受，此處注意動賓搭配，go through changes經(jīng)歷變化，符合語境，故選A項(xiàng)。

10．Owing to The Chinese Poetry Competition，publications on classical Chinese literature are ________ a significant share of storage space at the bookstore.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，31)A．taking up

C．breaking up

答案 A 解析 句意為：得益于《中國詩詞大會》節(jié)目的播出，有關(guān)中國經(jīng)典文學(xué)的出版物占據(jù)了書店存儲空間的重要位置。take up占據(jù)；divide up分割；break up解散；put up提出。根據(jù)句意可知，答案為A。

11．Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities；it is a sharing of self on a very personal level.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研，23)A．involve

C．a(chǎn)ssociate

答案 A 解析 句意為：友誼并不僅僅包含一起參加活動；它還是一種從非常個(gè)人的角度對自我的分享。involve包含，需要，使成為必然部分(或結(jié)果)，符合句意。request要求，請求；associate聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想；deliver遞送，運(yùn)送，發(fā)表(講話)，接生。

12．I think the experiment supports my theory，but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.(2017·蘇州調(diào)研，27)A．get over

C．hand over

答案 D 解析 句意為：我認(rèn)為這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)支持我的理論，但是我需要仔細(xì)檢查幾次結(jié)果以確保在收集數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候沒有犯錯。go over仔細(xì)檢查，溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)，符合句意。get over克服，戰(zhàn)勝，恢復(fù)；take over接收，接管，控制；hand over交給，遞給，移交。13．—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.—Oh，what a shame！(2017·南京、鹽城一模，29)A．smile on

C．see through

B．concentrate on D．live through B．take over D．go over B．request D．deliver B．dividing up D．putting up 答案 A 解析 句意為：——我遺憾地告訴你委員會不贊同我們的計(jì)劃?！叮婵上?！smile on對……加以稱贊，對……青睞，符合句意。concentrate on專心于……，集中精力在……上；see through看穿，識破；live through經(jīng)歷過，經(jīng)受住，經(jīng)歷……而幸存。

14．The computer program of the 1970s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers.(2017·南通一模，31)A．discriminate

C．negotiate

答案 A 解析 句意為：20世紀(jì)70年代的電腦程序無法區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字。discriminate歧視，區(qū)別，辨別；conclude斷定，結(jié)束；negotiate協(xié)商，談判；compensate彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償。discriminate between letters and numbers區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字，符合題意，故選A項(xiàng)。15．—He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.—Yes，but he didn’t ________.(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模，25)A．make his way

C．give his way

答案 B 解析 句意為：——他本可以對我們施加壓力來采納他的提議?！堑模撬]有為所欲為。make one’s way前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)；get one’s way隨心所欲，為所欲為；沒有g(shù)ive one’s way這種形式，只有g(shù)ive way to “給……讓路，被……所取代”；feel one’s way摸索著前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。

16．A recent research shows smoking and drinking ________ with your body’s ability to process oxygen，thus greatly affecting your health.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，27)A．identify

C．combine

答案 D 解析 句意為：最近一項(xiàng)研究顯示，吸煙和飲酒影響你身體吸收氧氣的能力，從而極大地影響你的健康。identify確定；correspond對應(yīng)；combine結(jié)合；interfere干擾。故選D。17．AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，29)A．given off B．worked out C．set off D．put out 答案 C 解析 句意為：人工智能機(jī)器人阿爾法圍棋以4：1打敗圍棋大師李世石引發(fā)了一場關(guān)于機(jī)器人是否將完全取代人類的國際爭論。give off發(fā)出；work out算出；set off動身，引起；put out

B．correspond D．interfere B．get his way D．feel his way B．conclude D．compensate 熄滅。故選C。

18．In time of anger，do yourself a favor by ________ it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames.(2016·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，25)A．releasing

C．refreshing

答案 A 解析 句意為：在氣憤時(shí)心疼一下自己，找個(gè)僻靜處散散心，宣泄宣泄，不要讓那些無名之火傷到自己。release釋放；recover恢復(fù)，再生；refresh恢復(fù)精神；recycle回收利用。19．You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.A．a(chǎn)ccustomed

C．entitled

答案 C 解析 句意為：如果你從來沒有工作過的話，就沒有資格享受失業(yè)救濟(jì)金。accustom使習(xí)慣；resign辭職；submit屈服，投降。entitle使符合資格，entitle sb.to sth.使某人有……的資格或權(quán)利，符合語境，故選C項(xiàng)。

20．By applying the theory to the problem，we can brush away the details and ________ simple patterns.A．release

C．reveal

答案 C 解析 句意為：通過把這個(gè)理論應(yīng)用于這個(gè)問題，我們能夠去除細(xì)節(jié)，使簡單的模式顯現(xiàn)出來。release釋放，發(fā)布；reject拒絕，排斥；replace代替。reveal顯示，揭示，符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。

B．reject D．replace B．resigned D．submitted B．recovering D．recycling

第四篇：英語非謂語動詞

主語subject 謂語predicate 賓語object 表語predicative 定語attributive 狀語adverbial adjunct 補(bǔ)足語complement 同位語appositive

英語非謂語動詞講解及練習(xí)非謂語動詞是指分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）、不定式、動名詞等三種形式，即：

doing , done , to do , doing。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如：

現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done（被動式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被動式）

不定式

to do : 有to be done（被動式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（進(jìn)行式）

動名詞

doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被動式）;

非謂語動詞的特點(diǎn)： 三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時(shí)跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動名詞具有名詞的特征；不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。具體來講：分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補(bǔ)足語等；動名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語等；不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語或狀語。

下面分別對三種非謂語動詞進(jìn)行講解： 一．

動詞不定式

先看幾個(gè)例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.說明：1．動詞不定式作主語, 2.動詞不定式作表語,3.動詞不定式作賓語,4．動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，5．動詞不定式作定語,6．動詞不定式作目的狀語,7．動詞不定式作真正主語，it 代替動詞不定式，作形式主語。8．帶有連接代詞的動詞不定式作賓語,9．不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

掌握動詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：

1． “to” 是不定式符號還是介詞，下列短語中的to 都是介詞。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2． 帶to 還是不帶to

I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）

3． 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.與of 連用的形容詞有：

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作賓語的動詞有：

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不能用動詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語，而要用it做形式賓語。例如：通常不說We think to obey the laws is important.而說We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短語中，如果意義明確，常常省略到to。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定語，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系： 1）動賓關(guān)系：

He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主謂關(guān)系：

She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(邏輯主語是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now

(邏輯主語不是I)7．不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義： 1）原因

He is lucky to get here on time.這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2)目的

He came to help me with my maths.3)結(jié)果

I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作補(bǔ)足語

I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動式時(shí)，不定式要帶to , 如：

He was seen to play in the street just now.二．動名詞

Learning English is very difficult.學(xué)英語非常困難。

His job is driving a bus.他的工作是開車。I enjoy dancing.我喜歡跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃點(diǎn)安眠藥，你很快就會入睡。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：

1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下幾個(gè)問題：

1．下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別，forget to do … 忘記要做某事 forget doing… 忘記做了某事 remember to do…記住要做某事 remember doing …記著做了某事 mean to do …

有意要做某事 mean doing …

意味著做了某事 regret to do … 對要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 對做過去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …

盡力去做某事 try doing

試著做某事 learn to do …

學(xué)著去做某事 learn doing …

學(xué)會做某事

stop to do …

停下來去做（另一件事）stop doing …

停止做某事 go on to do …

接著做（另外一件事）go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事 used to do …

過去做某事 be used to doing …習(xí)慣做某事

2．動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別 動名詞作定語表達(dá)

n+ for doing 的含義

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá) n+which(who)be doing的含義 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是動名詞，后者是現(xiàn)在分詞

又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 動名詞的邏輯主語：

動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．動名詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)

5． 動名詞主動形式表被動的情況：

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如： This room needs painting.這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。6．只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞：

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分詞 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.這個(gè)故事有興趣，我對這個(gè)故事感興趣。2.This is a moving film.這是一部動人的電影。

3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘書工作到深夜，為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長篇演講稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我會做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.當(dāng)他后街時(shí)，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：

1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分詞作表語 The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表語，主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語，主語與表語是動賓關(guān)系。2）表語與被動式的區(qū)別：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作）

The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）3）常作表語的過去分詞：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3．現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

The situation in our country is encouraging.(表語)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))My job is looking after the little baby.(動名詞)能回答how-question 的是現(xiàn)在分詞，能回答what-question 的動名詞，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：

have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 讓某事一直做著 5． 需要跟反身代詞作賓語的動詞： seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別：

分詞做狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（時(shí)間）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（條件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴隨）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（結(jié)果）7．分詞、動名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別

a running horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 過去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 動名詞 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被動式、分詞的被動式和過去分詞的區(qū)別： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(將來)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在進(jìn)行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（過去）9．分詞做狀語需要注意的一個(gè)問題：

分詞與句子主語的邏輯關(guān)系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(錯誤)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正確）

Seeing 與the city 不是主謂關(guān)系；seen 與city 是動賓關(guān)系 練習(xí)

I.單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting

2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told

3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying

5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用動詞的正確形式填空

1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking

非謂語動詞練習(xí): 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time

B.having time

C.to have time

D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit

B.admitted

C.admitting

D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make

B.making

C.to have made

D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed

B.completing

C.being completed

D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see

B.to be seen

C.seeing

D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing

B.known

C.to know

D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing

B.having seen

C.to have seen

D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught

B.catch the thief

C.the thief being caught

D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put

B.to be putting

C.to put

D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able

B.him not to be able

C.his not being able

D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared

B.seized;disappeared

C.seizing;disappearing

D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait

B.Have waited

C.Having waited

D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run

B.running

C.being run

D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing

B.being caused

C.to be caused

D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget

B.forgot

C.forgetting

D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell

B.to be told

C.telling

D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass

B.to pass

C.passed

D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock

B.to have locked

C.locking

D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face

B.Having faced

C.Faced

D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused

B.to have caused

C.to cause

D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue

B.the tall building collapsed

C.an emergency measure was taken

D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know

B.Knowing

C.To know

D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang

B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring

D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had

B.Having had

C.Have

D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on

B.goes on

C.went on

D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound

B.to be sounded

C.sounding

D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting

B.having sat

C.to sit

D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat

B.you to treat

C.why treat

D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed

B.having been robbed

C.to have been robbed

D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow

B.Growing

C.Grown

D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed

B.is completed

C.to be completed

D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired

B.to be repaired

C.repair

D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being

B.there be

C.there would be

D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share

B.to share

C.sharing

D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue

B having continued

C.continuing

D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated

B.The girl educated

C.The girl’s educating

D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting

B.Being scolded;correct

C.Being scolded;correcting

D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking

B.to smoke

C.smoking

D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught

B.catching

C.to be caught

D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?

-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making

B.to make

C.having made

D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?

------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were

B.to have;are

C.mentioning;have been

D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run

B.running

C.to run

D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame

B.Considered;say

C.To regard;scold

D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found

B.have found

C.to be found

D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed

B.swept;killing

C.sweeping;to kill

D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned

B.be concerned

C.concerned

D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone

B.wanted no one

C.not wanting anyone

D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured

B.having injured

C.injuring

D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?

------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find

B.to be found

C.finding

D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing

B.had not been finished

C.not having finished

D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked

B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing

B.having not allowed

C.my being not allowed

D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put

B.putting

C.having put

D.being put

Answer: 1-5 BAAAB

6-10 ADCDC

11-15 DCBCB

16-20 ABDBD

21-25CDBAC

26-30 DAADD

31-35CBCDA

36-40 ADDAA

41-45ABBBA

46-50DDDCC 51-55 BDCDA

第五篇：2012年高考英語《非謂語動詞(二)》教案

《非謂語動詞

（二）》教案

一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1、非謂語動詞的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)；

2、非謂語動詞的易錯考點(diǎn)。

二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)

1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：非謂語動詞的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)；

2、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：非謂語動詞的易錯考點(diǎn)。

三、教學(xué)過程

（一）問題排行榜（Hit the charts）

1、非謂語動詞的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)都有哪些？

2、非謂語動詞都有哪些易錯考點(diǎn)？

（二）攻克難點(diǎn)（Overcome difficulties）

1、非謂語動詞的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)都有哪些？

高考考點(diǎn)聚焦： 1.非謂語動詞做狀語 2.非謂語動詞做定語

考點(diǎn)一.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語

______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.(2011·遼寧卷30)A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering 1.It's ＋ adj.＋ for / of sb.to do sth.句型中的不定式的邏輯主語

為“sb.”。

2.非謂語動詞作狀語時(shí)，他們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。當(dāng)非謂語動詞的動作由句子主語發(fā)出時(shí)，非謂語動詞用主動形式；當(dāng)非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語所承受時(shí)，用過去分詞或不定式、動詞的-ing形式的被動形式。3.“代詞主格或名詞的普通格 ＋ 非謂語動詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞。

4．動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由“物主代詞或名詞所有格＋動名詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)既可用作主語，也可用作賓語，但作賓語時(shí)，還可用代詞賓格或名詞普通格＋動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。

5．不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for sb.to do sth.。考點(diǎn)二.獨(dú)立成分作狀語

______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.A.Telling;going B.To tell;going C.Telling;to go D.To tell;to go

非謂語動詞作獨(dú)立成分的有： judging by/ from, provided/ providing, given, to be true, to tell you the truth等?？键c(diǎn)三.非謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

例1：Claire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left.(2011·陜西卷14)A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked 例2：The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.(2011·新課標(biāo)卷27)A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 動詞不定式一般表示在謂語動作之后的事情，要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用不定式的完成式；動詞的-ing形式一般表示與謂語動詞動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動作，若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用動詞的-ing形式的完成式。考點(diǎn)四.非謂語動詞的句法功能 1.作主語、表語：

動名詞表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動作。不定式表示一次性的動作。動名詞、不定式作主語常用it作其形式主語，但no use, no good作表語時(shí)，真正主語常用動名詞。

2.作賓語：

(1)有些動詞只跟動名詞作賓語

常用的這類動詞有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。(2)有些動詞只跟不定式作賓語

常用的這類動詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。

(3)remember, forget, regret后接動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別：后接動名詞表示先于謂語動詞的動作；后接不定式表示后于謂語動詞的動作。

(4)want, need, require和deserve后接動名詞和不定式的用法：當(dāng)它們后面所接的動詞與句子的主語是動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式。

(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, can't help后，用動名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同，要注意： try doing sth.試著做某事 try to do sth.盡力做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop to do sth.停下來做另一件不同的事 mean doing sth.意味著做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做剛做的事 go on to do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 can't help(to)do sth.不能幫助做某事 3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.(2011·重慶卷33)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind 例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.(2011·浙江卷14)A.lose B.lost

C.to lose D.having lost 熟悉并掌握哪些動詞或短語如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等須接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；哪些動詞或短語如find, suggest, lead to等可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；

哪些動詞或短語如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接動詞的-ing形式又可接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；何時(shí)用主動形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，何時(shí)用被動形式或過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，一般由非謂語動詞與賓語的關(guān)系確定。4.作定語：

例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2011·江西卷32)A.says B.said C.saying D.to say 例2：Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011·福建卷23)A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded(1)注意非謂語動詞的形式，不定式作定語一般用主動式，只有當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時(shí)，才用被動式；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動意義，動作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞一般表示被動、完成含義。

(2)非謂語動詞的位置：非謂語動詞短語作定語時(shí)，都要放在所修飾的詞之后；單個(gè)的動詞的-ing形式或過去分詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。不及物動詞的不定式作定語，與修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不及物動詞后面的介詞不能丟。

5.不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：

不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞都能表示結(jié)果，其區(qū)別是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，不定式前常用only修飾；而動詞的-ing形式表示自然或必然的結(jié)果。More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(2011·陜西卷20)A.making B.made C.to make D.having made 考點(diǎn)五.不定式to的省略

1.動詞see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式的to須省略，但句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，不定式的to不能省略。

2.why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot(help / choose)but等后須跟省to的不定式。

3.介詞but, except等前若有行為動詞do, 其后常用省to的不定式作賓語；若沒有行為動詞do, 則用帶to的不定式。

4.不定式作表語時(shí)，若主語中有行為動詞do 的某一形式時(shí)，不定式的to可有可無。

例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died ______ his painting unfinished.A.of B.from C.out D.with 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 考點(diǎn)六.with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語和定語，常見形式有： 1．“with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語”。

The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.2.“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞”。

He likes to sleep with the door open.3.“with+名詞/代詞+副詞”。

The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.4.“with+名詞/代詞+名詞”。

He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.5.“with+名詞/代詞+done”。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞和賓語是被動關(guān)系，表示動作已經(jīng)完成。

With the problem solved, he went out to play.6.“with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞”。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞是-ing分詞的動作的發(fā)出者或某動作、狀態(tài)正在進(jìn)行。

He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.7.“with+賓語+to do”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式和賓語是被動關(guān)系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。

With nothing to do, I'll go out for a walk in the park.（三）方法列舉（List methods）

2、非謂語動詞都有哪些易錯考點(diǎn)？ 非謂語動詞作定語

盲點(diǎn)一：不定式(to do)，現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)和過去分詞(v-ed)做定語的區(qū)別 【真題導(dǎo)航】 A.to be held B.held We are invited to a party ____in our club next Friday（2009山東）.C.being held D.holding We are invited to a party _____in our club yesterday.We are invited to a party _________in our club now.A.to be held 盲點(diǎn)二：

動詞不定式主動形式(to do)和被動形式(to be done)做定語的區(qū)別 技巧點(diǎn)撥：關(guān)鍵看不定式的動作是否由句子的主語來完成的。注意：動詞不定式主動形式(to do)做定語是高考的常考點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。非謂語動詞做狀語

盲點(diǎn)三：to do 做目的狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)做狀語的區(qū)別 解題支招 ： to do 做目的狀語不能用逗號和前面隔開。【陷阱題】

Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last A.help B.to have helped C.to help D.having helped 盲點(diǎn)四：分詞的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法區(qū)別（2005全國卷I）

A.caused B.causing C.to cause D.having caused 【姊妹題】

It rained heavily in the south, ____serious flooding in several provinces.(2010天津)A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause 方法點(diǎn)撥：方法一：判斷分詞動作和主句動作發(fā)生的前后順序 方法二：狀語從句還原法 【練一練】

___________________（bite）twice, the postman refused to deliver our B.held C.being held D.holding year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.（2009江蘇）

The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.letters unless we chained our dog.(2009北京）

=Because the postman had been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.盲點(diǎn)五：only +to do 做結(jié)果狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）做結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別。小結(jié) ：only+ to do表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞（doing)表示意料之中的結(jié)果。

盲點(diǎn)六：分詞作狀語和獨(dú)立主格的區(qū)別：

難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：用分詞做狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，否則，就應(yīng)使用狀語從句，或者調(diào)整句子的主語用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

（１）Given more help, the project will be completed earlier.改: If we are given more help, the project will be completed earlier.(狀語從句)Given more help, we will complete the project earlier.（調(diào)整主語）Broken his leg, he couldn’t go to school.改: His leg broken, he couldn’t go to school.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）He couldn’t go to school with his leg broken.（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）不定式常作目的狀語，分詞常作其他狀語，它們的邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。

1.Seeing from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.2.Not knowing her address, so I can’t get in touch with her.3.Being dark, she didn’t dare to go out alone.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：將下列句子變?yōu)楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

4.When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.=______________________, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.5.When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.=___________________________, they began their dinner.盲點(diǎn)七：非謂語動詞的否定式

小結(jié)：not和非謂語動詞連用，要放在非謂語動詞的前面。即：not to do;not doing;not done 1.不定式(to do)，現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)和過去分詞(v-ed)做定語的區(qū)別 不定式表將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成。

2.動詞不定式主動形式(to do)和被動形式(to be done)做定語的區(qū)別.關(guān)鍵看不定式的動作是否由句子的主語來完成的。

3.to do 做目的狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)做狀語的區(qū)別：to do 做目的狀語不能用逗號和前面隔開。

4.分詞的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法區(qū)別方法一：判斷分詞動作和主句動作發(fā)生的前后順序 方法二：狀語從句還原法

5.only +to do 做結(jié)果狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）做結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別。only+ to do表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞（doing)表示意料之中的結(jié)果。6.非謂語動詞的否定式

not和非謂語動詞連用，要放在非謂語動詞的前面。即：not to do;not doing;not done 7.分詞作狀語和獨(dú)立主格的區(qū)別：

用分詞做狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，否則，就應(yīng)使用狀語從句，或者調(diào)整句子的主語用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）

1、【2011全國卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C.to rise D.risen 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞作狀語的用法。

【解析】句意為“接下來我們看到的是煙霧從房子的后面冒出來?！眗ise升起來和see看到這兩個(gè)動作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選擇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的形式表示非謂語動詞動作和謂語動詞動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。選B。

2、【2011全國卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joined 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“因?yàn)橛幸蛔鶚蚺c大陸連接，那個(gè)島嶼很容易去?！眏oin是及物動詞，但空格后沒有賓語，故使用join的過去分詞形式，充當(dāng)表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)的形容詞用，選項(xiàng)A、B、D都是主動式，需要后接賓語，因此排除。選C。

3、【2011全國卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.A.says B.said C.to say D.saying

【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“Sarah假裝開心，對那次爭論什么也沒說。”A和B項(xiàng)是謂語動詞形式，句中沒有連詞，故排除；C項(xiàng)是作目的狀語，而句中是伴隨狀態(tài)，故選D。

4、【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.A.to be updated B.to have been updated C.to update D.to have updated 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“經(jīng)常更新這些數(shù)值很重要?！盉和D項(xiàng)表示發(fā)生過的某件具體的事，但句尾的regularly表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。for引出的邏輯主語the figures與update存在著被動關(guān)系，故選A。

5、【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“Emma，你坐下吧。老這么站著你會累的?！盇項(xiàng)to keep是表示將來。C項(xiàng)having kept和D項(xiàng)to have kept表示動作先發(fā)生。make yourself more tired與keeping on you feet同時(shí)進(jìn)行，故選B。

6、【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“旅客只可以隨身攜帶一件行李登機(jī)?！眕ermit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事，句中是被動語態(tài)，Passeagers是carry的邏輯主語，用主動式，故選A。

7、【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated 【答案】B 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“翻譯成英語后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子的詞序全變了?！眛he sentence與translate之間存在著被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，答案B。

8、【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“Mike在他屋子外的大街上發(fā)現(xiàn)了他丟失的汽車，看上去剛擦得干干凈凈，還打過臘。”A項(xiàng)looked是謂語形式，但句中沒有連詞；B項(xiàng)不定式to look和D項(xiàng)to be looking如果都表結(jié)果，那只能由Mike執(zhí)行這個(gè)動作，與題意不符；C項(xiàng)looking表明車子的特性，作伴隨狀語，故選C。

9、【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened 【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“很多人認(rèn)為1955年開業(yè)的加利福尼亞迪斯尼樂園非常有趣?！眔pen開業(yè)，與Disneyland之間存在著被動關(guān)系；D項(xiàng)Being opened表正在進(jìn)行，但開業(yè)的事實(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選A。

10、【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.A.to work B.to be working C.to have worked D.to have been working 【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動詞。

【解析】句意為“Harrison Ford被認(rèn)為是為數(shù)不多的曾經(jīng)做過木匠的電影明星之一?！薄白鲞^木匠”這事發(fā)生在過去，不定式應(yīng)當(dāng)用完成式，表示發(fā)生過，排除A、B項(xiàng)。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在是明星，排除D項(xiàng)，選C。

（五）小結(jié)

（六）課后作業(yè)

1、復(fù)習(xí)一遍課堂摘記。

2、完成課堂尚未完成的練習(xí)。

3、復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)和易錯考點(diǎn)。