第一篇：2018年江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及寫作段落展開

作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2分 — 條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。5分 — 基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

8分 — 基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

11分— 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。14分— 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分

(注: 白卷/作文與題目毫不相關(guān)/ 或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞匯而無法表達(dá)思想,則給0分)字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分: 字?jǐn)?shù) 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 ＜49 扣分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

(注: 1.如題目中給出主題句,起始句, 結(jié)束句,均不計(jì)入所寫字?jǐn)?shù) 2.規(guī)定的內(nèi)容沒寫全者,按比列扣分 3.如果扣為0分, 要慎重處理)

寫作須知

第一，首先必須熟悉英語(yǔ)寫作具體要求。英語(yǔ)考試要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出120字的文章。體材主要有議論文（分為“Topic題型”和A&B又稱“正反觀點(diǎn)題”）應(yīng)用文（主要是書信）、圖表文等。針對(duì)不同的體裁，寫作思路是不同的。比如，以議論文舉例來說：

1.議論文寫作思路

2.議論文分類：闡述主題型作文（Topic）；正反觀點(diǎn)型作文（A&B）

3.闡述主題型作文寫作：（這類題型作文要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述）

（1）基本寫作格式

5.正反觀點(diǎn)型作文（A&B）（這類題型作文通常從正反兩方面來分別論述，最后得出你自己的結(jié)論。采用論點(diǎn)加論據(jù)寫作形式。）

（1）基本寫作格式

第二，熟悉英語(yǔ)寫作的幾個(gè)重要概念。

1.英語(yǔ)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)一般有三部分構(gòu)成：主題句+擴(kuò)展句+結(jié)尾句

（1）主題句：所謂主題句，就是英語(yǔ)文章段落的中心思想句。它是英語(yǔ)文章段落的靈魂，在英語(yǔ)文章段落中居于主導(dǎo)地位。我們都知道英語(yǔ)文章一般喜歡開門見山，所以主題句一般位于英語(yǔ)文章段落的句首。其他句子都要圍繞它而展開。

（2）擴(kuò)展句：所謂擴(kuò)展句就是為主題句起解釋說明或論證的句子。通常我們寫擴(kuò)展句所采用的方法是舉例子（for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that---）、列數(shù)據(jù)（according to the recent study/survey,---）等。

（3）結(jié)尾句（一般不寫）：所謂結(jié)尾句就是總結(jié)句。英語(yǔ)寫作也類似于漢語(yǔ)寫作，最后再把自己本段落的寫作目的陳述一下。但是在英語(yǔ)寫作中結(jié)尾句畢竟還是少數(shù)。

因此我們通常看到英語(yǔ)的文章段落結(jié)構(gòu) 60%-70%都是由主題句+擴(kuò)展句構(gòu)成。

2.主旨句

作為主旨句就是英語(yǔ)文章的中心思想句。英語(yǔ)文章一般首先用一句話概括一下作者的寫作目的或意圖，我們就把這句話稱之為主旨句。沒有受過寫作訓(xùn)練的考生是不會(huì)寫主旨句的。因此這樣的文章就不能夠稱之為好的英語(yǔ)文章，自然也得不到閱卷人的青睞了。第三，學(xué)會(huì)遣詞造句

1.遣詞：

（1）詞匯等級(jí)

所謂詞匯的等級(jí)就是，我們?cè)趯懽鞯倪^程中，如果想出一個(gè)基本詞匯來之后，能夠在這個(gè)基本詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上把它在提升一下，也就是我們一般寫作所提倡的用“難詞”。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會(huì)想到“important”這個(gè)單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant, vital, main, basilica, crucial, momentous etc

（2）詞匯準(zhǔn)確性

所謂詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性是指，我們?cè)谟幸粋€(gè)詞近而想到它的同義詞之后，要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~。在這里必須指明的是，并不是詞匯等級(jí)越高越好，必須還要考慮到適合于不同的語(yǔ)境。比如，眼睛大，這個(gè)“大的”形容詞，我們首先會(huì)想到big,近而想到great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc。那么是不是用后面的詞就可以了呢？或者說用上enormous等詞更能博得閱卷人的好感呢？答案是否定的。在這里很明顯用后面的詞來修飾眼睛是不可以，只能用big，因?yàn)槲覀兟犨^一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big girl, in a big big world.” big表示眼睛大而迷人可愛的。

2.造句：

（1）詞組

很多考生平時(shí)寫作不太擅長(zhǎng)用詞組，對(duì)于他們而言最習(xí)慣的就是想到漢語(yǔ)，然后對(duì)應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)思維寫出英語(yǔ)句子，這種寫作只能是單詞的羅列組合，談不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，寫出來的文章必然就是所謂平淡如流水，沒有英語(yǔ)的味道。如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會(huì)顯得與眾不同，更具有英語(yǔ)的味道。比如上面所說的“重要的”這個(gè)單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important的時(shí)候，如果從語(yǔ)法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會(huì)想到“be of importance”。因?yàn)?，語(yǔ)法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個(gè)常用的詞組叫做“play an important role in---”。很多同學(xué)說自己的文章湊不夠字?jǐn)?shù)或是沒有文采，那么采用詞組進(jìn)行寫作是不是就可以解決以上問題了呢？

（2）句式

除了采用詞組，要使文章更具英語(yǔ)的味道，我們還需要變換句式。沒有受過正規(guī)作文訓(xùn)練的考生，通常采用的句式多為主謂賓、主系表。于是我們看到大多數(shù)的文章充斥著這樣的形式：I am a good boy, and I am a student.I study in Nanjing University, and I have three years experience in Hilton Hotel.這樣流水帳式的文章顯然不能得到高分。

寫作中閱卷人喜歡的句式有以下兩種：一是插入語(yǔ)；二是倒裝。

第一，插入語(yǔ)。

所謂插入語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)中有兩種形式。一種是有兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間引起的成分稱之為插入語(yǔ)；第二種是有兩個(gè)半破折號(hào)引起的成分稱之為插入語(yǔ)。如下所示（黑體劃線處）：

Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.Other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.插入語(yǔ)的作用主要有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是突出主語(yǔ)，比如說：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student.第二個(gè)作用是解釋說明，比如說：People, especially students, should work hard.第二，倒裝

倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：

Only + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels, can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.Only + 介詞詞組

Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by steps.否定詞位于句首（hardly when;never;not only---,but also---;seldom）

在我一生當(dāng)中很難遇到這樣的人

Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man.地點(diǎn)方位名詞位于句首

In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.（3）修辭

無論是漢語(yǔ)寫作還是英語(yǔ)寫作，修辭其實(shí)非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。英語(yǔ)寫作中的修辭問題我已經(jīng)專門寫過一篇文章（見《英語(yǔ)寫作幾種修辭手法》）。這里僅舉一個(gè)比喻例子，還是拿“重要的”來舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，則文章就會(huì)顯得神采飛揚(yáng)，試比較：

The bicycle is important for us.The bicycle is of importance for us.The bicycle plays an important role in our life.The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life.那么很明顯，最后一個(gè)句子是我們最終拿到考場(chǎng)上去搏擊高分的句子。

第四，平時(shí)要注意積累

很多考生為了寫好作文也作了好多工作，課下也付出了很多，包括背誦大量的文章等等，但是提筆寫作時(shí)候，仍不見的有所改觀。問題在哪里呢？

我認(rèn)為，很多考生雖然也背誦文章，但卻只是死記硬背。如果合上書本讓他復(fù)述，他們就會(huì)卡殼。就是茶壺里煮餃子，倒不出來。我們說背誦是個(gè)輸入的過程，而說和寫則是輸出的過程。我們真正需要的是把平時(shí)積累的隨時(shí)隨地用在我們的寫作中。因此，我們?cè)谧⒅胤e累的同時(shí)，一定在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候，把他們多家運(yùn)用。只有多練多用，才能真正達(dá)到學(xué)以致用，才能真正提高寫作水平。例文一篇 【必背】 On Water Shortage

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted.Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones.First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed.Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage.Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem.What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources.Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water.With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.

第二篇：2017年江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本寫作段展開復(fù)習(xí)資料

寫作

第一，首先必須熟悉英語(yǔ)寫作具體要求。

英語(yǔ)考試要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出120字的文章。體材主要有議論文（分為“Topic題型”和A&B又稱“正反觀點(diǎn)題”）應(yīng)用文（主要是書信）、圖表文等。針對(duì)不同的體裁，寫作思路是不同的。比如，以議論文舉例來說：

1.議論文寫作思路

2.議論文分類：闡述主題型作文（Topic）；正反觀點(diǎn)型作文（A&B）

3.闡述主題型作文寫作：（這類題型作文要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述）

（1）基本寫作格式

5.正反觀點(diǎn)型作文（A&B）（這類題型作文通常從正反兩方面來分別論述，最后得出你自己的結(jié)論。采用論點(diǎn)加論據(jù)寫作形式。）

（1）基本寫作格式

第二，熟悉英語(yǔ)寫作的幾個(gè)重要概念。

1.英語(yǔ)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)一般有三部分構(gòu)成：主題句+擴(kuò)展句+結(jié)尾句

（1）主題句：所謂主題句，就是英語(yǔ)文章段落的中心思想句。它是英語(yǔ)文章段落的靈魂，在英語(yǔ)文章段落中居于主導(dǎo)地位。我們都知道英語(yǔ)文章一般喜歡開門見山，所以主題句一般位于英語(yǔ)文章段落的句首。其他句子都要圍繞它而展開。

（2）擴(kuò)展句：所謂擴(kuò)展句就是為主題句起解釋說明或論證的句子。通常我們寫擴(kuò)展句所采用的方法是舉例子（for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that---）、列數(shù)據(jù)（according to the recent study/survey,---）等。

（3）結(jié)尾句：所謂結(jié)尾句就是總結(jié)句。英語(yǔ)寫作也類似于漢語(yǔ)寫作，最后再把自己本段落的寫作目的陳述一下。但是在英語(yǔ)寫作中結(jié)尾句畢竟還是少數(shù)。

因此我們通常看到英語(yǔ)的文章段落結(jié)構(gòu) 60%-70%都是由主題句+擴(kuò)展句構(gòu)成。

2.主旨句

作為主旨句就是英語(yǔ)文章的中心思想句。英語(yǔ)文章一般首先用一句話概括一下作者的寫作目的或意圖，我們就把這句話稱之為主旨句。沒有受過寫作訓(xùn)練的考生是不會(huì)寫主旨句的。因此這樣的文章就不能夠稱之為好的英語(yǔ)文章，自然也得不到閱卷人的青睞了。

第三，學(xué)會(huì)遣詞造句

1.遣詞：

（1）詞匯等級(jí)

所謂詞匯的等級(jí)就是，我們?cè)趯懽鞯倪^程中，如果想出一個(gè)基本詞匯來之后，能夠在這個(gè)基本詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上把它在提升一下，也就是我們一般寫作所提倡的用“難詞”。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會(huì)想到“important”這個(gè)單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant, vital, main, basilica, crucial, momentous etc 詞匯替換速成.doc

（2）詞匯準(zhǔn)確性

所謂詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性是指，我們?cè)谟幸粋€(gè)詞近而想到它的同義詞之后，要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~。在這里必須指明的是，并不是詞匯等級(jí)越高越好，必須還要考慮到適合于不同的語(yǔ)境。比如，眼睛大，這個(gè)“大的”形容詞，我們首先會(huì)想到big,近而想到great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc。那么是不是用后面的詞就可以了呢？或者說用上enormous等詞更能博得閱卷人的好感呢？答案是否定的。在這里很明顯用后面的詞來修飾眼睛是不可以，只能用big，因?yàn)槲覀兟犨^一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big girl, in a big big world.” big表示眼睛大而迷人可愛的。

2.造句：

（1）詞組

很多考生平時(shí)寫作不太擅長(zhǎng)用詞組，對(duì)于他們而言最習(xí)慣的就是想到漢語(yǔ)，然后對(duì)應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)思維寫出英語(yǔ)句子，這種寫作只能是單詞的羅列組合，談不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，寫出來的文章必然就是所謂平淡如流水，沒有英語(yǔ)的味道。如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會(huì)顯得與眾不同，更具有英語(yǔ)的味道。比如上面所說的“重要的”這個(gè)單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important的時(shí)候，如果從語(yǔ)法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會(huì)想到“be of importance”。因?yàn)?，語(yǔ)法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個(gè)常用的詞組叫做“play an important role in---”。很多同學(xué)說自己的文章湊不夠字?jǐn)?shù)或是沒有文采，那么采用詞組進(jìn)行寫作是不是就可以解決以上問題了呢？

（2）句式

除了采用詞組，要使文章更具英語(yǔ)的味道，我們還需要變換句式。沒有受過正規(guī)作文訓(xùn)練的考生，通常采用的句式多為主謂賓、主系表。于是我們看到大多數(shù)的文章充斥著這樣的形式：I am a good boy, and I am a student.I study in Nanjing University, and I have three years experience in Hilton Hotel.這樣流水帳式的文章顯然不能得到高分。

寫作中閱卷人喜歡的句式有以下兩種：一是插入語(yǔ)；二是倒裝。

第一，插入語(yǔ)。

所謂插入語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)中有兩種形式。一種是有兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間引起的成分稱之為插入語(yǔ)；第二種是有兩個(gè)半破折號(hào)引起的成分稱之為插入語(yǔ)。如下所示（黑體劃線處）：

Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.Other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.插入語(yǔ)的作用主要有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是突出主語(yǔ)，比如說：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student.第二個(gè)作用是解釋說明，比如說：People, especially students, should work hard.第二，倒裝

倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：

Only + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels, can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.Only + 介詞詞組

Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by steps.否定詞位于句首（hardly when;never;not only---,but also---;seldom）

在我一生當(dāng)中很難遇到這樣的人

Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man.地點(diǎn)方位名詞位于句首

In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.（3）修辭

無論是漢語(yǔ)寫作還是英語(yǔ)寫作，修辭其實(shí)非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。英語(yǔ)寫作中的修辭問題我已經(jīng)專門寫過一篇文章（見《英語(yǔ)寫作幾種修辭手法》）。這里僅舉一個(gè)比喻例子，還是拿“重要的”來舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，則文章就會(huì)顯得神采飛揚(yáng)，試比較：

The bicycle is important for us.The bicycle is of importance for us.The bicycle plays an important role in our life.The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life.那么很明顯，最后一個(gè)句子是我們最終拿到考場(chǎng)上去搏擊高分的句子。

第四，平時(shí)要注意積累

我們真正需要的是把平時(shí)積累的隨時(shí)隨地用在我們的寫作中。因此，我們?cè)谧⒅胤e累的同時(shí)，一定在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候，把他們多家運(yùn)用。只有多練多用，才能真正達(dá)到學(xué)以致用，才能真正提高寫作水平。

On Water Shortage

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted.Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones.First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed.Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage.Besides, the global tendency of warming

up also contributes to the problem.What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources.Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water.With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.

第三篇：2018年江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)押題作文

1.心理健康問題往往是導(dǎo)致疾病的原因

2.分析人們產(chǎn)生心理健康問題的原因(可從失業(yè)、壓力過重、缺少支持、缺乏人際關(guān)系等方面加以分析)3.你認(rèn)為人們?nèi)绾伪３中睦斫】?/p>

How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?

One in four people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year.When you fail to manage to control these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses and, as a result of physiological imbalance, physical illnesses.You may not be able to live a normal life, let alone a fulfilling one.The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another.In today’ society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.Others are lacking in communication skills and feel they are living in an isolated world.In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy.Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something to make a change.Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercise to release the pressure.After all, your health is what counts most.Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner, a relative or a friend about your problems, or seek support and advice from a psychological consultant.2

1.現(xiàn)在大學(xué)校園里，遲到、早退、曠課是常見的現(xiàn)象

2.保證學(xué)生的出勤率對(duì)大學(xué)教育的重要性 3.作為一個(gè)大學(xué)生應(yīng)該怎樣做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes.And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over.Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly.First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning.That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study.Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers too.Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students.Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on.And some day we’ll benefit from it.3

1.這是我在大學(xué)的第一天

2.大學(xué)生活與中學(xué)生活有何不同

3.我理想中的大學(xué)生活應(yīng)是...My First Impression in College

On the very first day in college, I was surprised to find the campus was so large.Believe it or not, I even lost my way to the dormitory when I returned from the dining hall.At first, I had difficulty adapting myself to college life.In college, we had more free time than in middle school.In the evening, we were not required to study in the classroom.Instead, we could go anywhere and do what we want.I was at a loss on how to make use of so much free time.Then I borrowed a number of books from the library and most of them were novels, which I had no chance to read in middle school.Besides reading books in my spare time, I played table tennis for fun and made enormous progress.In my opinion, study should be the priority of our college life.Besides, we can take part in sports activities and have fun.Of course, we may take part-time jobs to improve our skills.In all, college life should be colorful and meaningful.4.1.中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日受到冷遇，西方節(jié)日日益升溫已成為趨勢(shì)

2.形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3.你對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度來源： The Prevalence of Western Holidays

It is noticeable that western holidays are becoming increasingly popular day by day, while Chinese traditional holidays are being somewhat neglected.Old people often complain that Chinese New Year has lost its real meaning.To their astonishment, young people in China, ignorant about Chinese traditional holidays, are crazy about Christmas or Valentine Day.There are several possible reasons for this phenomenon.First, western nations, such as the United States and Britain, are powerful and dominant in every aspect.Everything in these countries is assumed to be superior and adored by some modern young people.Second, the prevalence of English as a world language and the development of globalization enable western culture to flood in China.Overwhelmed by such a trend, Chinese unconsciously get involved in western culture.Last but not least, some Chinese people have blind faith in foreign things while dismiss our own possessions with contempt.I am critical of this trend.China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions.In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted.But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition.On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a supposedly more modern culture.If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions.Nobody expects such a consequence.So let join hand in hand to protect Chinese tradition.5 1． 有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)里應(yīng)獨(dú)自生活 2． 另一些認(rèn)為大學(xué)里應(yīng)與別人同住 3． 你的看法

Living alone or Living with Roommates Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory.Opinions are divided over the matter.Those who are in favor of living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves.They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own.They can have their own timetable without disturbing others.They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own.With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched.They can learn a lot from talking to one another.By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.As far as I’m concerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging.Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.6 １．在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，城市交通問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重 ２．城市交通問題的表現(xiàn)以及對(duì)人們生活的影響 ３．解決的方法與措施 Traffic Jam There is no doubt that traffic congestion becomes a growing worry for the residents of most urban areas.Some major roads are regularly choked with traffic in rush hours.The limited transport capacity contributes largely to the vexing problem.How to solve the headache?.The existing solutions to traffic jam mainly aim at creating metro bus systems and broadening major roads.Widening the existing roads can solve traffic snarls on some level.Soaring car ownership compounds the chronic annoying problem, so we must sharply reduce the heavy reliance on cars and drive a shift to the mass transportation.It is a cheap and good way.We can create a system of customized bus routes and highlight the development of subways, trolleys and light rail.The effective combination of these solutions will enable the urban areas to possess a smooth traffic.水資源短缺 On Water Shortage

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted.Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones.First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed.Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage.Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem.What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources.Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water.With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.8大學(xué)生使用信用卡現(xiàn)象 On Credit Card At present, a wide variety of credit cards issued by major banks and shopping malls are thriving in colleges and universities across the nation, with a multitude of college students making up a growing population of card holders.Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase, the latest data published by Yangtze Evening Post suggests.Like anything prior to the emergence of this small piece of plastic, the increasing popularity of credit card on campus has both bright and dark sides.On the one hand, young adults in college, free from the trouble of pocketing a considerable sum of cash, could enjoy the convenience of credit cards and purchase expensive goods by installments.On the other hand, however, the irresponsible and excessive use of the cards by these youngsters, the majority of whom are fresh out of middle school incapable of budgeting their money, can make them heavily in debt which will take them years to pay off.On my personal level, while enjoying a host of conveniences the credit card may bring, we couldn’t afford to ignore a conspicuous fact: in most cases, parents are our sole financial sources.Instead of spending without any restrict, we are supposed to put studies on the top of our agenda and move ourselves beyond heavy dependence upon our parents.1)現(xiàn)在有一些大學(xué)生沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校對(duì)此憂心忡忡 2)但有人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲并不是一無是處 3)你對(duì)此的看法是…… Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students.Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games.But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected.This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents。

However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful.They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly.Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science.More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly。

From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way.When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once.But if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them。限制使用一次性塑料袋

Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China.When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores，shopping assistants often provided free plastic bags for our convenience.For a while，life without them seemed However，disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment.Costumers usually threw them away after use，and because they are thin and hard to decompose，these plastic products will exist for a long time.This is an immediate threat to our earth and water.Nowadays，the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags： they are not free any more.In some shopping places，in order to invoke the public awareness of environmental protection，plastic bags are offered in a much higher price.As a result，people are changing their behavior： paper and clothing bags that vanished for a long time come back to our daily life.It is true that by limiting its usage，everyone in this society contributes some effort to the improvement of the environment.旅游

1）有的人喜歡獨(dú)自旅行，有的人喜歡與別人結(jié)伴而行 2）兩種旅行方式的好處

3）你更喜歡哪種旅行方式，為什么？

Travel Alone or Travel with a Companion？ When it comes to traveling way，different people will offer different opinions.Some people like to travel alone，while others prefer to travel with a companion.Of course，everyone has his consideration for his preference.Traveling alone，one can enjoy more freedom.The traveler can arrange his tour as he wishes without the trouble of humoring others.Moreover，traveling alone tend to bring the traveler unexpected surprise，such as making a new friend and enjoying a different scenery.Compared with traveling alone，traveling with a companion has also its advantages.For one thing，the group members can help and look after each other in the journey.For another，traveling with others who have same interest with，you u can share costs and experiences with them.As to me，I prefer to travel with a companion.Firstly，we can deal with the possible problems and difficulties in the journey.Secondly，I like to share the pleasure of traveling with others.In sum，both traveling alone and traveling with a companion have their attractions，and you can find the pleasure from either one.12 1.近年來網(wǎng)絡(luò)上謠言盛行

2.這種現(xiàn)象造成的危害

3.如何解決這一問題 My View on Internet Rumors

No one can have failed to notice the fact that Internet rumors have been a grave problem confronting us.Groundless allegations flood the Internet.Taking a look around, we can find examples too many to enumerate: scandals of both famous and unknown people, fake forecast of earthquakes and the like.Internet rumors will definitely result in severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to them.First and foremost, made-up scandals directly infringe upon citizens' rights, affecting their daily life and ruining their public image.Besides, the dissemination of such rumors as those about social or natural disasters causes panic and disorder among society.Last but not least, the spread of rumors on the Internet will undermine the credibility of the net to such a degree that people will no longer trust it in the future.Given the seriousness of this problem, effective steps must be adopted before the situation deteriorates.First, it is imperative that laws and regulations be enacted and executed to stop the production and transmission of Internet rumors.For instance, real-name system should be introduced as soon as possible.Secondly, people should be educated to identify and reject groundless allegations.With severe laws and a conscious public, it will only be a matter of time for Internet rumors to be eradicated.13

A Letter of Condolence慰問信

中國(guó)青海玉樹大地震災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重，已造成***多萬人無家可歸。請(qǐng)你代表 我校寫一封慰問信向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)人民 表示關(guān)懷和慰問。

1.簡(jiǎn)要描述災(zāi)區(qū)的情況

2.對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)人民表示關(guān)懷和慰問

3.表達(dá)災(zāi)后重建家園的信心

Dear Sir or madam，A powerful earthquake hit your hometown, Yushu in Qinghai province month ago.It is also a terrible natural disaster for our whole nation.It has caused both financial and life loss.Until now, approximately seventy thousand people lost their lives due to the earthquake and much more were injured seriously.Six million people have no homes to return as the majority of the buildings were collapsed。

These days we keep watching the staggering deathroll and hearing the heart-wrenching stories from the Yushu earthquake.We are so much saddened that many children lost their parents and many couples lost their lovers.I could not help but cry when hearing of the moving stories that happened during the disaster.And we are so much touched by the true outpouring of effort and emotion from all over the country.You are not alone and you won’t feel lonely.Our whole nation is a big family, and every member would like to give a helping hand by all means, such as donating money, time, energy and blood to the people in the stricken area.We, 1.3 billion Chinese people shed the same tear sharing the same hopes.A series of actions has been taken since the earthquake happened.A majority of Chinese people are doing whatever they can to lend a hand.I believe, with the assistance of people in all walks of life, your after-disaster reconstruction will be dealt with at a fantastic speed.The stricken area will soon be restored.And I hope you can pull yourself together and muster up courage to face the future.We will overcome any difficulty, because we are Chinese.Ten thousand people beat everything with a single undying heart"。

Try to look on the bright side of things.The future will be bright, cheer up!Yours sincerely, 14 感恩

On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years.These young adults were not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth.Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere.I strongly believe that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy for this social headache.As young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause.Imagine a world without the sense of gratitude.This kind of world is doomed to failure.Simply put, we should join our hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart.Only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one.My fellow students, I beg you to act from now on。15.Mental Health

Students' mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in our everyday campus life.Indeed, it is widely accepted that metal health has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life.There is a general discussion today about the issue of disorder in brains。

Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems.Authorities in universities play a critical role in the situation.To begin with, schools, such as colleges or universities, can provide chances for the young men to ease their attention.What's more, some are physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential threats.Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance.Besides, specialists in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time.Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means they have more or better opportunities to save us than others.From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions.For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure.Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue.

第四篇：江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)考試大綱

江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)考試大綱

考試內(nèi)容： 專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)考試包括五個(gè)部分：閱讀理解、詞語(yǔ)用法與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、完形填空、翻譯、作文。

試卷分為第Ⅰ卷（客觀題）和第Ⅱ卷（主觀題）兩部分。兩卷滿分150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間為120分鐘。

第Ⅰ卷（客觀題）：（100分）

第一部分：閱讀理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)

第二部分：詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)

第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)第Ⅱ卷（主觀題）：（50分）

第四部分：翻譯(Part Ⅳ：Translation)

第五部分：寫作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)第一部分：閱讀理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)：（共20題，每小題2分，共40分）

要求考生閱讀4篇短文，每篇閱讀量不超過300詞。每篇短文后有5個(gè)問題，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從每題四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。選材的原則是：

1、題材廣泛，可以包括人物傳記、社會(huì)、文化、日常知識(shí)、科普常識(shí)等，但是所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解；

2、體裁多樣，可以包括敘述文、說明文、議論文等；

3、文章的語(yǔ)言難度中等，無法猜測(cè)而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)注明詞義。

閱讀理解部分主要測(cè)試下述能力：

1、掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意；

2、了解說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；

3、既理解字面的意思，也能根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論；

4、既理解個(gè)別句子的意義，也理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。

閱讀理解部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求準(zhǔn)確，也要求有一定速度。

第二部分：詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)：（共40題，每小題1分，共40分）

題目為詞和短語(yǔ)的用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。要求考生從每題四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。試題主要相關(guān)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、從句引導(dǎo)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等。

詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。

第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)：（共20題，每小題1分，共20分）

在一篇或兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約200詞)中留有20個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。填空的詞項(xiàng)包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)譯詞。

形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，包括語(yǔ)法概念、詞匯運(yùn)用、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解等綜合能力。

第四部分：翻譯(Part Ⅳ：Translation)：（共10題，共35分）

一般為英譯漢、漢譯英各一半。兩種翻譯雖然在形式上不同，但就其本質(zhì)，就是在諳熟兩種語(yǔ)言內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上自由轉(zhuǎn)換。在英譯漢過程中有通過之前文章理解全文基 2 礎(chǔ)的上進(jìn)行翻譯的趨勢(shì)。

英譯漢的能力主要取決于對(duì)英文的理解能力，漢譯英的能力主要取決于用英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)能力。

第五部分：寫作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)：15分

要求考生寫出一篇120詞以上的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫;或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活以及廣受關(guān)注的一些社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題。在功能上，主要涉及事件陳述、現(xiàn)象描述、問題概括、舉例論證、利弊分析、因果分析、觀點(diǎn)闡述、觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)。

短文寫作部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)思想的初步能力。考試時(shí)間： 150 分鐘。

第五篇：江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本考試大綱

江蘇省專轉(zhuǎn)本《大學(xué)語(yǔ)文》考試大綱

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2011-12-28 14:34:10 瀏覽：110

一、考核目標(biāo)

主要考核學(xué)生的語(yǔ)文基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和運(yùn)用馬克思主義的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和方法閱讀、分析淺近文言文、一般語(yǔ)體文的能力以及寫作常用文體的能力。

二、考核內(nèi)容

考核內(nèi)容分為四個(gè)部分：語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、文學(xué)常識(shí)、閱讀分析、基礎(chǔ)寫作。

（一）語(yǔ)言知識(shí)

1、識(shí)別古今意義有所不同的詞語(yǔ)；了解文言詞語(yǔ)一詞多義現(xiàn)象；注意掌握現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中仍然在運(yùn)用的文言詞語(yǔ)。識(shí)別通假字和古今字，理解其含義。

2、了解常用文言虛字之、其、者、所、諸、焉、則、而、于、以、且、乃等的用法和同一個(gè)文言虛字在不同語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的不同含義。

3、理解文言文中與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)不同的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象和句式，如使動(dòng)用法、意動(dòng)用法、名詞作狀語(yǔ)、名詞用作動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)前置、判斷句、被動(dòng)句等，并能正確地翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。

4、理解古今作品中比喻、比擬、對(duì)偶、排比、夸張、層遞、反復(fù)、設(shè)問、反詰等修辭格。

（二）文學(xué)常識(shí)

文學(xué)常識(shí)主要包括古今各種文體知識(shí)；中國(guó)古代和現(xiàn)當(dāng)代重要作家及其主要作品；作家的朝代、字號(hào)、文學(xué)成就、詩(shī)文集名稱、代表作、在文學(xué)史學(xué)上的地位；重要作品的作者、出處及名句；各種文學(xué)流派和文學(xué)現(xiàn)象。

（三）閱讀分析

對(duì)于古代、現(xiàn)代文學(xué)作品的內(nèi)容大意，段落層次，主旨或中心論點(diǎn)，哲理內(nèi)涵，人物形象，故事情節(jié)，作者的思想觀點(diǎn)、感情態(tài)度，作品所用的表現(xiàn)手法（對(duì)比、襯托、比興、白描、象征等），修辭手法（比喻、比擬、對(duì)偶、排比、夸張、層遞、反復(fù)、設(shè)問、反詰、引用等）能進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確深刻的欣賞分析。

（四）基礎(chǔ)寫作

基礎(chǔ)寫作包括兩方面的內(nèi)容：一是正確理解應(yīng)用文寫作知識(shí)，并會(huì)具體運(yùn)用寫作知識(shí)進(jìn)行寫作實(shí)踐，具體掌握書信、通知、通告、通報(bào)、請(qǐng)假條、感謝信、慰問信、倡議書、總結(jié)、調(diào)查報(bào)告、廣告、合同、申請(qǐng)書、產(chǎn)品說明書等的寫作；二是根據(jù)所給題目或材料，撰寫議論文或記敘文。要求中心明確，思想健康，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，條理清楚，文字通順，標(biāo)點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確，書寫整潔，不少于 800 字。

“專轉(zhuǎn)本”英語(yǔ)考試大綱

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2012-2-20 18:21:44 瀏覽：618

考試內(nèi)容：

專轉(zhuǎn)本考試包括五個(gè)部分：閱讀理解、詞語(yǔ)用法與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、完形填空、翻譯、作文。

試卷分為第Ⅰ卷（客觀題）和第Ⅱ卷（主觀題）兩部分。兩卷滿分150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間為120分鐘。

第Ⅰ卷（客觀題）：（100分）

第一部分：閱讀理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)第二部分：詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)第四部分：翻譯(Part Ⅳ：Translation)第五部分：寫作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)

第一部分：閱讀理解(Part Ⅰ：Reading Comprehension)：（共20題，每小題2分，共40分）

要求考生閱讀4篇短文，每篇閱讀量不超過300詞。每篇短文后有5個(gè)問題，考生應(yīng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從每題四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。

選材的原則是：

1、題材廣泛，可以包括人物傳記、社會(huì)、文化、日常知識(shí)、科普常識(shí)等，但是所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解；

2、體裁多樣，可以包括敘述文、說明文、議論文等；

3、文章的語(yǔ)言難度中等，無法猜測(cè)而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)注明詞義。

閱讀理解部分主要測(cè)試下述能力：

1、掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意；

2、了解說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；

3、既理解字面的意思，也能根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論；

4、既理解個(gè)別句子的意義，也理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。

閱讀理解部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求準(zhǔn)確，也要求有一定速度。

第二部分：詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(Part Ⅱ：Vocabulary and Structure)：（共40題，每小題1分，共40分）

題目為詞和短語(yǔ)的用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。要求考生從每題四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。試題主要相關(guān)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、從句引導(dǎo)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等。

詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。

第三部分：完形填空(Part Ⅲ ：Cloze)：（共20題，每小題1分，共20分）

在一篇或兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約200詞)中留有20個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。填空的詞項(xiàng)包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)譯詞。

完形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，包括語(yǔ)法概念、詞匯運(yùn)用、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解等綜合能力。

第四部分：翻譯(Part Ⅳ：Translation)：（共10題，共35分）

一般為英譯漢、漢譯英各一半。兩種翻譯雖然在形式上不同，但就其本質(zhì)，就是在諳熟兩種語(yǔ)言內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上自由轉(zhuǎn)換。在英譯漢過程中有通過之前文章理解全文基礎(chǔ)的上進(jìn)行翻譯的趨勢(shì)。

英譯漢的能力主要取決于對(duì)英文的理解能力，漢譯英的能力主要取決于用英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)能力

第五部分：寫作(Part Ⅴ：Writing)：15分

要求考生寫出一篇120詞以上的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫;或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活以及廣受關(guān)注的一些社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題。在功能上，主要涉及事件陳述、現(xiàn)象描述、問題概括、舉例論證、利弊分析、因果分析、觀點(diǎn)闡述、觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)。

短文寫作部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)思想的初步能力?？荚嚂r(shí)間： 150 分鐘?！皩＾D(zhuǎn)本”計(jì)算機(jī)考試大綱

作者：發(fā)布時(shí)間：2011-8-1 16:59:24 瀏覽：646

考試大綱

（一）信息技術(shù)概述 1．信息和信息技術(shù)

(1)信息特性及定義，數(shù)據(jù)、信息、知識(shí)，信息處理系統(tǒng)。（了解）(2)信息分類及信息處理，信息技術(shù)內(nèi)容。（熟悉）2．微電子技術(shù)

(1)集成電路的概念，集成電路發(fā)展與分類，IC卡。（了解）(2)集成電路制造封裝形式，Moore定律。（熟悉）3．通信技術(shù)

(1)通信系統(tǒng)基本原理，信道、信源、信宿，模擬信號(hào)，數(shù)字信號(hào)，全光網(wǎng)。（了解）(2)信道的傳輸模式，信道的帶寬，信道的傳輸速率，多路復(fù)用技術(shù)，交換技術(shù)。(熟悉)(3)有線傳輸，無線傳輸，有線載波通信，傳輸介質(zhì)，光纖通信。（熟悉）(4)無線電通信，微波通信，衛(wèi)星通信，紅外線通信，移動(dòng)通信。（了解）4．?dāng)?shù)字技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)

(1)信息表示單位，常用進(jìn)制數(shù)，BCD編碼，傳輸速率單位。（了解）

(2)整數(shù)編碼表示，原碼，補(bǔ)碼，反碼，實(shí)數(shù)編碼表示，機(jī)器數(shù)，真值，數(shù)據(jù)溢出。（熟悉）

(3)比特位邏輯運(yùn)算，進(jìn)制數(shù)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，進(jìn)制數(shù)的運(yùn)算，原碼、反碼與補(bǔ)碼之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，原碼和補(bǔ)碼表示數(shù)的范圍。（掌握）

（二）計(jì)算機(jī)硬件 1．計(jì)算機(jī)基本原理

(1)計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展及分類，軟件概述，硬件概述。（了解）

(2)常見的輸入設(shè)備，常見的輸出設(shè)備，中央處理器概述，奔騰處理器特點(diǎn)。（了解）(3)計(jì)算機(jī)分類，內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)器、外存儲(chǔ)器概述，系統(tǒng)總線，I/O總線。（理解）

(4)微處理器發(fā)展、字長(zhǎng)、處理速度，指令與指令系統(tǒng)，客戶機(jī)、服務(wù)器概述。（理解）

2．PC機(jī)組成

(1)主板、芯片組、BIOS、內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)器概述，I/O總線和I/O接口。（了解）(2)BIOS組成及運(yùn)行過程，內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)器RAM和ROM各種類型。（理解）

(3)當(dāng)前流行的SDRAM、DDRSDRAM、RDRAM各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率計(jì)算，內(nèi)存條封裝形式。（理解）(4)I/O總線，I/O操作方式，常用的幾類I/O設(shè)備接口，I/O總線帶寬計(jì)算。（理解）3．常用輸入設(shè)備

(1)鍵盤，鼠標(biāo)，筆輸入設(shè)備，掃描儀，數(shù)碼相機(jī)概述。（了解）

(2)鍵盤，鼠標(biāo)的分類，工作原理，基本操作，采用的接口類型。（了解）4．常用輸出設(shè)備

(1)常用輸出設(shè)備的工作原理，主要分類，特點(diǎn)。（了解）

(2)常用輸出設(shè)備的主要性能參數(shù)，采用的接口類型。（理解）5．外存儲(chǔ)器

(1)常用幾類外存儲(chǔ)器的工作原理，組成，分類情況，接口類型。（了解）(2)存儲(chǔ)器存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，各項(xiàng)性能參數(shù)設(shè)置，數(shù)據(jù)分布，容量計(jì)算。（理解）

（三）計(jì)算機(jī)軟件 1．軟件基本概念

(1)軟件的定義。（熟悉）(2)軟件的分類。（掌握）2．操作系統(tǒng)(1)操作系統(tǒng)的概念、作用。（掌握）(2)操作系統(tǒng)的類型、特征。（熟悉）(3)操作系統(tǒng)的功能。（掌握）(4)常用操作系統(tǒng)介紹。（了解）3．程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言和處理系統(tǒng)

(1)程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言的分類。（掌握）

(2)程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言的數(shù)據(jù)成分和控制成分。（掌握）(3)程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言處理系統(tǒng)。（熟悉）(4)主要程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言介紹。（了解）4．算法和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)算法的概念、性質(zhì)、評(píng)價(jià)。（掌握）(2)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的概念。（熟悉）

(3)軟件工程的概念、生命周期。（熟悉）

（四）計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與因特網(wǎng) 1．計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)

(1)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定義，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成，分類。（掌握）

(2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)分類，網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件，網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用軟件。（了解）2．計(jì)算機(jī)局域網(wǎng)

(1)局域網(wǎng)的特點(diǎn)、組成、分類，以及常用局域網(wǎng)。（掌握）(2)局域網(wǎng)的擴(kuò)展，中繼器，網(wǎng)橋。（了解）3．計(jì)算機(jī)廣域網(wǎng)

(1)廣域網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，廣域網(wǎng)接入技術(shù)。（了解）(2)分組交換與路由。（掌握）(3)常用廣域網(wǎng)。（了解）4．因特網(wǎng)及應(yīng)用

(1)我國(guó)因特網(wǎng)發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)與TCP/IP協(xié)議。（了解）(2)IP地址，IP數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)，域名。（掌握）(3)路由器。（了解）

(4)因特網(wǎng)提供的服務(wù)。（掌握）5．網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息安全

(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息安全概述，信息安全內(nèi)容，信息安全級(jí)別劃分。（了解）(2)數(shù)據(jù)加密，數(shù)字簽名，身份鑒別與訪問控制。（了解）(3)包過濾與防火墻，計(jì)算機(jī)病毒。（了解）

（五）數(shù)字媒體及應(yīng)用 1．文本與文本處理

(1)文本，文本處理，文本輸入方法。（了解）(2)文本的表示與字符編碼。（掌握）

(3)文本的保存與文本文件的類型。（了解）

(4)文本的編輯處理，檢索與文本的展現(xiàn)。（了解）2．圖像與圖形及應(yīng)用

(1)色彩產(chǎn)生，色彩的表達(dá)方法，色彩空間。（了解）(2)數(shù)字圖像的獲取與重現(xiàn)。（了解）(3)模擬圖像的數(shù)字化過程。（掌握）

(4)數(shù)字圖像的表示，壓縮編碼，數(shù)字圖像的性能指標(biāo)。（掌握）(5)常用圖像文件格式，數(shù)字圖像處理及應(yīng)用，常用軟件。（了解）(6)計(jì)算機(jī)合成圖像，合成過程，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，常見的繪圖軟件。（了解）3．波形聲音的獲取與播放

(1)模擬聲音信號(hào)的數(shù)字化。（掌握）

(2)波形聲音的獲取設(shè)備，波形聲音的表示，壓縮編碼和編輯。（了解）(3)計(jì)算機(jī)合成聲音的制作與播放。（了解）4．?dāng)?shù)字視頻及應(yīng)用(1)視頻信號(hào)的組成，原理，彩色電視的三種制式。（了解）(2)數(shù)字視頻的獲取，播放，視頻信號(hào)的數(shù)字化。（掌握）(3)數(shù)字視頻的壓縮編碼，編輯和應(yīng)用。（了解）(4)計(jì)算機(jī)合成數(shù)字視頻。（了解）(5)流媒體。（了解）

（六）信息系統(tǒng)與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 1．計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)

(1)計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)的含義及特點(diǎn)。（掌握）(2)計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)的類型。（熟悉）(3)計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。（了解）

(4)計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。（了解）2．典型信息系統(tǒng)介紹

(1)制造業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)。（熟悉）(2)電子商務(wù)。（熟悉）(3)電子政務(wù)。（了解）

(4)地理信息系統(tǒng)和數(shù)字地球。（了解）(5)遠(yuǎn)程教育。（了解）(6)遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療。（了解）(7)數(shù)字圖書館。（了解）3．關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)

(1)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的組成和特點(diǎn)。（掌握）(2)數(shù)據(jù)模型的基本概念及類型。（熟悉）(3)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型。（掌握）(4)關(guān)系運(yùn)算。（掌握）

(5)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)語(yǔ)言SQL。（掌握）

(6)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用新技術(shù)。（了解）4．信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)與管理

(1)軟件工程與信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)概述。（熟悉）(2)系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與分析。（了解）(3)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。（了解）

(4)系統(tǒng)實(shí)施與運(yùn)行維護(hù)。（了解）

（七）windows 1．鍵盤與鼠標(biāo)

(1)鍵盤的使用，常用功能鍵、快捷鍵。（了解）(2)鼠標(biāo)的使用，鼠標(biāo)形狀及含義。（熟悉）2．Windows基本概念

(1)啟動(dòng)、關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)。（了解）

(2)桌面元素介紹，任務(wù)欄，桌面圖標(biāo)，快捷方式。（掌握）(3)窗口和菜單操作。（掌握）3．文件和文件夾

(1)基本概念。（了解）

(2)命名規(guī)則和通配符。（掌握）(3)文件和文件夾操作。（熟悉）4．Windows應(yīng)用工具

(1)我的電腦和資源管理器。（掌握）(2)回收站和剪貼板。（掌握）

(3)控制面板和鍵盤、鼠標(biāo)、顯示器的設(shè)置。（了解）(4)常用系統(tǒng)工具。（了解）

（八）word 1．Word的運(yùn)行及其工作窗口

(1)運(yùn)行及退出Word的方法。（熟悉）(2)Word窗口基本組件，菜單欄，工具欄，標(biāo)尺，狀態(tài)欄。（了解）(3)工具欄設(shè)置，常用的兩類工具欄。（掌握）(4)主要菜單欄介紹。（熟悉）

(5)幾類視圖的特性及切換。（掌握）(6)多窗口和多文檔編輯。（熟悉）2．建立、保存文檔的基本操作(1)建立文檔。（掌握）

(2)建立特殊文檔。（了解）

(3)保存文檔，第一次保存操作，以后保存操作。（掌握）(4)自動(dòng)保存設(shè)置。（熟悉）

(5)保護(hù)文檔免受未經(jīng)授權(quán)的更改。（掌握）3．編輯文本（掌握）(1)文本的輸入。

(2)自動(dòng)圖文集的輸入。(3)審閱文本。

(4)拼寫和語(yǔ)法檢查。

(5)選定文本，選定單個(gè)、一行、一段、整篇。(6)插入和改寫，查找和替換。

(7)刪除文本，移動(dòng)文本，復(fù)制文本，校對(duì)文本。(8)撤消操作／重復(fù)操作。4．簡(jiǎn)單排版（掌握）

(1)字體設(shè)置，字體顏色設(shè)置，字符間距和字符縮放，字符位置設(shè)置。

(2)段落對(duì)齊方式設(shè)置，首行縮進(jìn)，懸掛縮進(jìn)，行間距，段前／段后間距。(3)項(xiàng)目符號(hào)和編號(hào)，首字下沉，邊框和底紋。(4)分欄設(shè)置，分隔符設(shè)置。(5)節(jié)格式設(shè)置，頁(yè)面格式。(6)紙型設(shè)置，版式設(shè)置。(7)樣式設(shè)置。(8)格式刷使用。

5．表格處理（熟悉）(1)建立表格。

(2)編輯表格，表格合并，拆分。

(3)表格邊框設(shè)置，底紋設(shè)置，顏色設(shè)置。(4)單元格格式的設(shè)置。(5)表格公式對(duì)象使用。6．高級(jí)排版（掌握）(1)繪制圖形，文本框。

(2)藝術(shù)字，圖表，剪貼畫，圖片等在文檔中的使用、設(shè)置。(3)文件插入，域。

(4)Word文檔打印設(shè)置。

（九）Excel 1．Excel基本操作

(1)Excel的基本功能。（了解）(2)啟動(dòng)及退出Excel。（熟悉）

(3)Excel窗口,常用工具欄,主要菜單欄,狀態(tài)欄,網(wǎng)格線的顯隱,顏色設(shè)置。(4)工作簿文件，新建、打開、保存工作簿。（掌握）(5)工作簿的關(guān)閉、保護(hù)。（熟悉）2．工作表的基本操作

(1)工作表特性：幾行，幾列，最大行數(shù)，最大列名。（熟悉）(2)工作表的選定、插入、刪除、移動(dòng)和復(fù)制。（掌握）(3)工作表的重命名。（掌握）

（熟悉）(4)工作表的保護(hù)。（熟悉）(5)工作表的打印。（熟悉）3．單元格的基本操作

(1)Excel中主要的幾種數(shù)據(jù)類型。（熟悉）

(2)單元格數(shù)據(jù)（字符、數(shù)值、日期時(shí)間、邏輯值）的輸入。（掌握）(3)相對(duì)引用，絕對(duì)引用概念，含義及狀態(tài)切換。（掌握）(4)單元格中公式的使用，常用的幾種運(yùn)算符。（掌握）(5)單元格中插入函數(shù)，常見的幾類函數(shù)的使用。（掌握）(6)單元格的插入、選定、刪除。（掌握）

(7)移動(dòng)單元格，填充單元格（單元格中包含公式及不包含公式）。（掌握）(8)選擇性粘貼。（掌握）

(9)修改／清除單元格中文字。（掌握）(10)查找／替換單元格中的文字。（掌握）(11)合并／拆分單元格。（掌握）

(12)數(shù)據(jù)輸入的幾種方式，引用另外的單元格實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入，使用Word文件輸入Excel中，文本文件，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件。（熟悉）(13)常見錯(cuò)誤信息含義。（熟悉）4．格式化工作表

(1)編輯行／列。（熟悉）

(2)設(shè)置字體、字型、字號(hào)和顏色。（掌握）

(3)設(shè)置對(duì)齊方式，單元格邊框、底紋。（熟悉）(4)自動(dòng)套用格式。（熟悉）5．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)分析

(1)數(shù)據(jù)清單。（了解）(2)數(shù)據(jù)排序。（掌握）(3)分類匯總。（掌握）(4)數(shù)據(jù)篩選。（掌握）(5)數(shù)據(jù)透視表。（熟悉）(6)圖表。（掌握）

（十）PowerPoint 1．PowerPoint的運(yùn)行、查看、新建、打開、保存及關(guān)閉。（熟悉）(1)PowerPoint的啟動(dòng)與退出。(2)PowerPoint窗口及其視圖。(3)新建演示文稿。

(4)打開已有的演示文稿。(5)保存演示文稿。

2．幻燈片的編輯操作。（掌握）

(1)幻燈片的選擇、插入、刪除、復(fù)制、移動(dòng)和編輯。

(2)幻燈片中對(duì)象（文本框、圖片、剪貼畫、動(dòng)作按鈕、藝術(shù)字）的編輯操作。(3)對(duì)象動(dòng)作設(shè)置，超級(jí)鏈接。3．設(shè)置幻燈片外觀。（掌握）(1)幻燈片母版設(shè)置。(2)幻燈片版式設(shè)置。(3)配色方案定義。(4)幻燈片背景設(shè)置。

(5)幻燈片頁(yè)眉／頁(yè)腳設(shè)置。(6)選擇應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)模板。

4．演示文稿的放映。（掌握）

(1)演示操作，定位幻燈片，改變鼠標(biāo)形狀，幻燈片播放方式。(2)設(shè)置幻燈片的放映方式。(3)幻燈片間切換效果制作。(4)幻燈片內(nèi)動(dòng)畫設(shè)置。

5．演示文稿的打印。（了解）

6．演示文稿的打包與發(fā)布。（了解）(1)演示文稿的打包。(2)演示文稿的發(fā)布。