第一篇：非謂語動詞的詳講解細(xì)
非謂語動詞
初中非謂語動詞句型歸納
根據(jù)《九年義務(wù)教育全日制初級中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱》的要求，初中階段，只要求學(xué)生掌握非謂語動詞中的動詞不定式基本用法，但是，在中考中，非謂語動詞其它形式的固定結(jié)構(gòu)也是考查的重點(diǎn)，為了幫助同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)掌握這一語法重點(diǎn)，本文就初中英語非謂語動詞的句型及固定配搭歸納如下：
一.動詞不定式
1.主語+decide(hope,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn等）+to do sth.例如：
I hope to go to school next week.She agree to get someone to help her.2.主語+ask(tell,get,wish,like,want,teach,know等）+賓語+to do sth.例如：
He asked me to come here early.She told us not to worry about her.3.主語+be +happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready,nice,lucky,等）+to do sth.例如：
I'm glad to see you again.I'm sorry to hear that.4.主語+think(make,fine,feel等）+it +形容詞（名詞）+to do sth.例如：
I found it very important to learn English well.I think it possible to finish the work this week.5....too+形容詞（副詞）+（for sb.)+to do sth....+形容詞（副詞）enough+to do sth.例如：
The boy is too young to go to school.=
The boy is not old enough to go to school.=
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.6.It's+careful(clever,kind,good,right,wrong等）+of sb.+to do sth.It's +difficult(easy,hard ,important,interesting等）+for sb.+to do sth.例如：
It's kind of you to help me.It's hard for you to learn English well.注意：這兩個句型的區(qū)別是，當(dāng)somebody與形容詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時用of;當(dāng)somebody與形容詞沒有這種關(guān)系時用for。
7.It takes sb.some time+to do sth.這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，It是形式主語，真正的主語是 后面的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
It took me about three hours to finish my homework yesterday.注意：表示“花費(fèi)”的類似句型還有，Sb.spends some time(money)on sth.or(in)doing sth.(某人做什么用了多少時間/某人買什么花了多少錢）；Sth.costs sb.some money.(買什么花了某人多少錢）；Sb.pays some money for sth.(某人買什么花了多少錢）如：I spent an hours on(in doing)my homework.The pen cost me two yuan.I paid two yuan for the pen.8.疑問詞+to do sth.例如：
I don't know when to hold the party.How to do it is still a question.9.Why+(not)do sth.?,Would(Will)you please(not)do sth.和 had better(not)do sth.例如：Why not go there by bike?
Would you please take me to the park this Sunday?
You'd better not go there by youself.10.主語+feel(listen to/hear,let/make/have,see/watch/notice/look at/help)+賓語+do sth.例如：He made us work for a long time yesterday.Who had you be so careless?
注意：hear,see等感覺動詞常接doing sth.表示動作發(fā)生過程或強(qiáng)調(diào)和謂語動作同時發(fā)生。如：He saw Tom sitting on some eggs when he went into the room.I heard her singing a song when I passed her room.11.主語+like/love/hate/begin/start等+to do sth.(doing sth.)例如：
Tom likes to ask(asking)some strange questions.We begin to work(working)at seven every day.12.主語+remember/forget to do sth.記?。ㄍ洠┮瞿呈拢▌幼鬟€沒發(fā)生）
主語+remember/forget doing sth.記住（忘記）曾做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）
主語+stop to do sth.停下來（正做的事）去做另一件事
主語+stop doing sth.停下正做的事
主語+try to do sth.設(shè)法（試圖）去做某事
主語+try doing sth.試著做某事
例如：
Don't forget to close the door when you leave.I forgot taking whose book.初中英語：非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項好運(yùn)動。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing...分詞起形容詞作用）
你認(rèn)識那個穿白襯衣的人嗎？
He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch....不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。
1．謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別：
1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。
Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動詞作謂語）
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.維克托先生上周來到了我們教室和我們談話。（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）
2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜歡流行音樂。（動詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）
Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天沒什么事要做。（do 用原形）
非謂語動詞的特征：如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。
Studying English is my favorite.學(xué)習(xí)英語是我的愛好。（studying 后跟賓語）
To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。
Working under such a condition is terrible.在這樣的環(huán)境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.他在這么短的時間內(nèi)掌握英語太難了。（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動詞仍有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.對不起讓你久等了。（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.從山上看，這座城市美麗多了。（Seen from...是分詞的被動形式）非謂語動詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。
Our coming made him happy.我們的到來使他很高興。（coming 起名詞作用）
There are two big swimming pools here.這兒有兩個大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容詞作用)
2.非謂語動詞的形式變化： 不定式
主動
被動
一般to write
to be written
進(jìn)行to be writing
/
完成to have written
to have been written
完成進(jìn)行to have been writing
/
現(xiàn)在分詞 主動
被動
一般 writing
being written
完成 having written
having been written
過 去 分 詞 一般written
動名詞 主動
被動
一 般
writing
being written
完 成having written
having been written
3.動 詞 不 定 式：
3.1 動詞不定式在句子中的作用
動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。
3.1.1 動詞不定式作主語：
To mast a language is not an easy thing.掌握一門語言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite.教英語是我的愛好。
It's my pleasure to help you.很樂意幫助你。
動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。
3.1.2 動詞不定式作賓語：
某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語，這些動詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.我所希望的是把英語學(xué)好。
I like to help others if I can.如果有可能的話，我喜歡幫助別人。
3.1.3 動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。
We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.請叫他快過來。
3.1.4 動詞不定式作表語 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。
3.1.5 動詞不定式作定語：
There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個問題。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。
3.1.6 不定式作狀語：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。
3.2動詞不定式的否定形式：
not + to + 動詞原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。
3.3帶疑問詞的不定式：
疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。
Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。
I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時間開始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？
Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車站嗎？
3.4帶邏輯主語的不定式：
動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。
注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。
It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish，有許多工作要我去完成。
3.5動詞不定式的時態(tài)：
動詞不定式一般時：表示動作和句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生。
I helped him put the things into the car.我?guī)椭褨|西放進(jìn)了汽車。
I want to see you again.我想再見到你。
Would you like to have a rest.你愿意休息一下嗎？
動詞不定式完成時： 表示動作在句中謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生。
We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.對不起，我們讓你久等了。
They seems to have known the answers.他們好像知道了答案。
動詞不定式進(jìn)行時：表示動作同句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。
They seem to be working hard.他們好像在努力工作。
3.6動詞不定式的被動形式：
表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系。
He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。
There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。
4.動 名 詞
4.1動名詞在句中的作用
動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。
4.1.1 動名詞作主語：
Talking like that is not polite.那樣談話不禮貌。
Learning from others is important.向別人學(xué)習(xí)很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good.多穿衣服不一定好。
動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.在這兒等著也沒用，我們回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain.爬這座山很困難。
4.1.2 動名詞作表語
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.護(hù)士的工作是護(hù)理病人。
Seeing is believing.眼見為實。
4.1.3 動名詞作賓語
有些動詞須用動名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.請不要在家里抽煙。
I like reading in the forest.我喜歡在樹林里讀書。
Do you mind my opening the windows?
你介意我打開窗戶嗎？
She is found of collecting stamp.她喜歡集郵。
4.1.4動名詞作定語
She is studying in the reading room.她在閱覽室學(xué)習(xí)。
He slept in the sleeping bag.他在睡袋里睡覺。
動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞
He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。
We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。
4.2動名詞的時態(tài)：
動名詞的一般時 動名詞的一般時表示動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞的動作之后發(fā)生。
I enjoy swimming in the big river.我喜歡在大河里游泳。
I am used to watching TV in the evening.我習(xí)慣于晚上看電視。
動名詞的完成時 動名詞的完成時表示動作在謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生。
She regret not having studied the computer hard.她后悔沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)計算機(jī)。
Do you remember having promised me that?
你記得給我許愿了嗎？
4.3動名詞的被動形式 ：
當(dāng)動名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系時，用動名詞的被動形式來表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick.他被人冷落使他很傷感。
I can't really stand being treated like that.我簡直受不了這樣的對待。
4.4動名詞的幾個特殊情況：
1)有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語，有些動詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。
能跟動名詞的動詞有：
avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的動詞有：
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage，能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有：
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start，動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。
I like reading.我喜歡閱讀。
He promised to help her.他答應(yīng)過要幫助她。
We love watching VCD.我們喜歡看VCD。
2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。
I remember meeting him in the street.我記得在街上見過他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents.我想起來要給我父母親寫信。
3)“stop + 動名詞”表示停止動名詞所表示的動作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來 做不定式所表示的動作。
Stop smoking, please.請不要抽煙。
Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。
4)動名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：
動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕
developing country 發(fā)展中國家 〔分詞〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕
boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕
5.分 詞
5.1 分詞在句中的作用
分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。
working worked washing
washed 分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞后面加 ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。
5.1.1 分詞作定語
China is a developing country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。
That's an interesting story.這是一個有趣的故事。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。
作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.工人在這次活動中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。
There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。
分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）
a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）
5.1.2分詞作狀語
Being a student, he likes to help others.作為一個學(xué)生，他喜歡幫助別人。
Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.戴了一副新眼鏡，她看書就好多了。
She is there waiting for us.她在那兒等我們呢。
Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.經(jīng)老師一說，她知道自己不對。
5.1.3分詞作表語
The story is interesting.故事有趣。
We are interested in computer.我們對計算機(jī)感興趣。
The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。
The water is boiled.水是開的。
5.1.4分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。
I saw him walking in the street.我看見他在街上走。
I heard them singing in the classroom.我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。
We found the boy sleeping.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。
have 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。
I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）
She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）
They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。
5.2 分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。
5.3 分詞的時態(tài)
分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進(jìn)來，學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。
Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。
5.4 分詞的被動形式
分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關(guān)系。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的娛樂大樓明年完
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。1．不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗)(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建議是立刻開始干。2）如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。To work means to earn a living．工作就是為了生活。3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補(bǔ)充說明
作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛豪華轎車。The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people．我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的愛好是集郵。(注)動名詞作表語時與進(jìn)行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時態(tài)說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對……感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時，就是說sb./sth.is interesting.這類詞常見的有：interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費(fèi)解的--puzzled感到費(fèi)解的satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的--worried感到擔(dān)心的Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing．他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。They were very excited at the news．聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。3．不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算begin開始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝ask問 dread害怕 need需要agree同意 desire愿望 love愛swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供beg請求 fail不能 plan計劃bother擾亂；煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿care關(guān)心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉，遺憾choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許start開始 undertake承接 want想要consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀 incline有…傾向 propose提議seek找，尋覓 try試圖2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式ask要求，邀請 get請，得到 prompt促使allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使bride 收買 inspire鼓舞 request請求assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵 pray請求authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助 recommend勸告，推薦bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒beg請求 induce引誘 report報告compel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引，邀請，summon傳喚command命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練cause引起 instruct指示 require要求deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵，力說encourage鼓勵 oblige不得不 want想要condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn) cease 停止 mention說到，講到admit 承認(rèn) tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭advocate：提倡，主張 complete完成 dread可怕appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受avoid避免 contemplate細(xì)想 enjoy享有，喜愛bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒can't help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避can't stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) excuse借口consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛好favor 造成，偏愛 mind 介意 repent悔悟figure描繪，計算 miss錯過 resent怨恨finish完成，結(jié)束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復(fù)imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險involve卷入，包含 practise 實行，實踐 suggest建議hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營救，儲蓄keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅持，忍受loathe非常討厭，厭惡 recall回想例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別1）forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do 停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3）remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4)regret to do對要做的事遺憾regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5）try to do努力、企圖做某事try doing試驗、試一試某種辦法6)mean to do打算，有意要…mean doing意味著7）go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建議（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為；+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。例如：I should like to see him tomorrow．10)need, want, deserve +動名詞表被動意義；+不定式被動態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動身。I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒辦法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。Let's try doing the work some other way．讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我沒想要傷害你的感情。This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。4．不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。The train to arrive was from London．將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關(guān)系Get him something to eat．給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。I need a pen to write with．我需要一支筆寫字。There is nothing to worry about．沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機(jī)會、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如：ability能力，本領(lǐng) drive趕，駕駛 movement運(yùn)動，活動ambition抱負(fù)，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動 failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機(jī)會chance機(jī)會 force力，壓力，要點(diǎn) promise許諾，希望courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定 motive動機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢 wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時候，只能用不定式。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補(bǔ)語，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to doHis wish to buy a car came true．他要買輛車的愿望實現(xiàn)了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。He is always the first to come and the last to leave．他總是第一個到來，最后一個離去。(2)分詞作定語分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點(diǎn)：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。The child standing over there is my brother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個修好的表了嗎?He is an advanced teacher．他是個先進(jìn)教師。3）下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義，這點(diǎn)要注意：departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關(guān)系一般來說，不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如：Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎？Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？5．不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關(guān)系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會長得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個計劃。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義b：做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。6．非謂語動詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如：When to start has not been decided．何時動身尚未決定。(主語)I don't know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困難在于如何過河。(表語)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（雙重賓語）注）A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞，如：I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。B.動詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how, what）+不定式：While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有…，只能…”講時跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有：feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，have等。如：Let him do it.讓他做吧。I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如：He was seen to come．The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如:He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。但是，如果謂語動詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1)不定式的邏輯主語為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 不定式。例如：I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個人干這活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如：It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。2)動名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；②名詞's+動名詞。例如：Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅持要我和他們一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。7．非謂語動詞中的有關(guān)句型（1）動名詞作主語的句型1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名詞+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。It is a great fun playing football．打籃球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時間。3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sth．It is useless speaking.光說沒用。It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。
第二篇：非謂語動詞典型試題講解
非謂語動詞典型試題講解
1.His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself _______.A.understood B.understand C.be understood D.to understand 答案是 A 答：?？碱}，make himself understood 是make others understand him的另一種說法。讓自己被理解=讓別人理解他，也就是聽懂他的話的意思。還有一個是make oneself heard.（讓別人聽得見自己的說話聲），一般都是make sth.done句式。2.They found the lecture hard _______ A.to be understood B.to understand C.being understood D.understood 答案是B 答：首先你要掌握這個句型：The lecture is hard to understand.這個講座很難懂。sth.is +adj.+及物動詞。不定式動詞與句子的主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，可改為To understand the lecture is hard.或It is hard to understand the lecture.然后再記They found(that)the lecture was hard to understand.最后記：They found the lecture hard to understand.found后跟的是復(fù)合賓語。lecture是它的賓語，hard to understand是形容詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。兩句話的意思是一樣的。
3.She is going to town__________.A.repairing her watch B.for repairing her watch C.to have repaired her watch D.to have her watch repaired 答案是D 答：這又是一個have sth.done句式。表示“讓某事被做”。這里就是拿表去市區(qū)讓人給修一下。4.I have no objection ________ the evening with them.A.to spend B.spending C.of spending D.to spending 答案是D 答: to是不定式符號，后跟動詞原形；to有時候是介詞，后跟名詞，還跟動名詞！你要記住這少數(shù)幾個?？嫉?，容易誤以為是不定式的介詞to的短語，這是其中一個。有一個簡單的方法，當(dāng)to作介詞時，其意思不外“對。。來說”，“到。。上”如look forward to , be used to , stick to , 這里就是：對于和他們一起過夜這件事，我沒有反對意見。
5.Over 80,000 people are reported ______ in the big earthquake which happened in Sichuan Province on May 12.A.being killed B.having been C.to have been killed D.killed 答案是C 答：這是據(jù)說/據(jù)報道的固定句型：sb / sth is said to do/to be doing/have done =it is said / reported that-從句。不定式的時態(tài)取決于句子的語境。
此題which happened in Sichuan Province on May 12.說明事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，所以用不定式的完成時的被動語態(tài)，have been done.6.My good friend Rose went to the party with her husband, _____ a happy evening of wine, food and song A.expecting B.to expect C.expected D.having expected 答案是A 答：現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，表示主動。不定式做狀語表示目的，意思是為了。C選項是過去分詞做狀語表被動。Rose被期望...，顯然不對。
7.Five people won the “China’s Green Figure ” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environment protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 答案是C 答：過去分詞做定語。表示被動和完成。是“被給予”的意思。
A選項是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，表示進(jìn)行和被動。是“正被給予”的意思。顯然不對。8._____ from the plane, the clouds below are just like cotton fields.A.Seeing B.Having seen C.Seen D.Being seen 答案是C 答：過去分詞做狀語表被動，clouds云彩被看。
D選項 being seen是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動，表示進(jìn)行和被動。也就是clouds正在被看。
第三篇：非謂語動詞專項講解(一)
一、非謂語動詞概說
顧名思義，非謂語動詞就是不能作謂語的一種動詞形式。非謂語動詞有三種：動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。分詞又分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。
二、動詞不定式
1.不定式的構(gòu)成與特征
動詞不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式，一般由“to ＋ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。它在句中起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，同時也保留著動詞的一些特征，可以帶賓語或狀語。例如：
At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.在2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會上，劉翔在110米跨欄比賽中成為第一個獲得金牌的亞洲人，使全亞洲人興奮不已。（不定式起形容詞作用，同時帶有賓語和狀語）
2.不定式的功能與用法
1）作主語
It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.很難想像出一個比這更不適合居住的地方。
（it作形式主語，to imagine a more inhospitable place為真正的主語）
2）作表語
The aim of the treaty is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.這個公約的目的是防止商業(yè)和軍事上使用這個洲。
3）作賓語
He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe.他很高興遇到兩個外國人，于是想全面了解歐洲。
注意：兩個不定式并列時，第二個不定式to省略。例如： People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon.人們喜歡在夜晚聚在一起賞月。（watch the moon 與to meet in the evening為兩個并列的不定式，故watch前省略了to。這兩個不定式均作like的賓語。）
能夠接不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：afford, agree, aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, try, wait, want, wish等。
【透視高考題】
真題：
I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded(2005 天津)簡析：考查不定式作賓語。want后接不定式，而且sound是連系動詞，不用被動語態(tài)。所以A是正確答案。sound like聽起來像是。
4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語
We saw her enter a restaurant.我們看見她走進(jìn)一家餐館。
I want you to come to my birthday party.我要你來參加我的生日聚會。
注意：某些動詞（大都是感官動詞）接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，通常不帶to。下面的口訣可以幫助大家記住這些動詞：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二聽（hear, listen to）一感覺（feel）?！?/p>
能夠接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有很多，常見的有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等。
5）作定語
Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know?你想結(jié)交更多的朋友卻感到與陌生人交流信心不足嗎？
注意：某些不及物動詞作定語時需要加上一個介詞，即構(gòu)成“不定式＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這個介詞不可省略。例如：Give me a pen to write with.給我一支筆寫字。另外，還有一種“介詞 ＋ which ＋ 不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作定語。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new appartment.這對年輕夫婦需要一大筆錢來買房子。
【透視高考題】
真題：
This company was the first ___ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A.producingB.to produceC.having producedD.produced
(2005 上海春)
簡析：考查不定式作定語。在first, last等詞后，要用不定式作定語。故B正確。
6）作狀語
I am very happy to meet you.我很高興見到您。
注意：
①有的語法學(xué)家將形容詞后的不定式歸到賓語。這類形容詞有： afraid, anxious, careful, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing等。
②在強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語時，不定式前可加上in order或so as，即通常我們所說的“in order to/so as to”詞組。有時為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，還可將這個詞組置于句首，但so as to不用于句首。
③在so...as to, enough to, only to, too...to等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示結(jié)果。例如：
Will you be so kind as to open the window?
勞駕您打開窗戶好嗎？
He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.他到達(dá)機(jī)場（結(jié)果）卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。
【透視高考題】
真題：
__ the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A.ImprovingB.To improveC.Having improved D.Improved
(2006 上海春)
簡析：考查不定式作目的狀語。分詞一般不能作目的狀語，故選B。
3.不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由“not ＋ 不定式”構(gòu)成，簡言之，to前加not。例如：
She finally decided not to marry him.她最終決定不嫁給他。
4.“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
疑問詞who, what, which, when, where和how后加上不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞性從句。同樣一句話，英語里可用從句和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)，意思沒有區(qū)別。試比較：
我不知道該怎么辦。
I don’t know what I should do.(賓語從句，較正式)
I have no idea(of)what I should do.(同位語從句，較正式)
I don’t know what to do.(疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，簡潔，較口語化)
I have no idea(of)what to do.(疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作同位語，簡潔，較口語化)
注意：在 Why(not)do sth.? 這個句式里，不定式不帶to，例如：Why not try again? 為
什么不再試試？
5.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
有時候不定式前有自己的邏輯主語，用for來引出，結(jié)構(gòu)為： for ＋ 名詞（代詞賓格）＋ 不定式。例如：
It is necessary for us to master at least one foreign language.我們至少掌握一門外語是很有必要的。
注意：有些形容詞后接這種結(jié)構(gòu)時，不用介詞for，而用of。例如： It’s very kind of you to do so.你這樣做真是太客氣了。這類形容詞還有：silly, bad, nice, honest, stupid, clever, wise, wrong等。
6.不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)形式
所謂不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式是指不定式有完成式、進(jìn)行式和被動式。例如：
I am very happy to have met your mother.見到了你的母親我非常高興。
Her English seems to be improving.她的英語似乎在長進(jìn)。
【透視高考題】
真題：
The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causingB.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused
(2004 上海)
簡析：考查不定式的被動式。這是個被動語態(tài)句型：sb./ sth.is believed to do / be done / doing / have done / have been done，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該用被動式，故選C。
三、動名詞
1.動名詞的構(gòu)成與特征
動名詞是由“動詞原形 ＋ ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成完全相同。顧名思義，動名詞既具有動詞的特征，又具有名詞的特征。所謂的動詞特征是說動名詞可以有自己的賓語和狀語，名詞特征是指動名詞可以像名詞一樣充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語和定語。例如：
Would you mind my closing the window? 你介意我關(guān)上窗戶嗎？
2.動名詞的功能與用法
1）作主語
Seeing is believing.眼見為實。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.潑出去的水收不回。
注意：在It is no use...;It is no good...;It is great fun...等這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，其后習(xí)慣接動名詞。
2）作表語
His job is fixing computers.他的工作是修電腦。
3）作動詞賓語
Have you finished writing the article? 你寫完那篇文章了嗎？
She suggested going there by air, as plane tickets are very cheap.由于機(jī)票很便宜，她建議乘飛機(jī)去那里。
有些動詞后只能接動名詞作賓語，這類動詞常見的有：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest等；短語動詞有g(shù)ive up, insist on等。為了幫助大家記憶，現(xiàn)將最常用的10個動詞的首字母縮略在一起：MEPSKARFI（梅不是咖啡）（M-mind, E-enjoy, P-practise, S-stop, suggest, K-keep, A-avoid, R-risk, F-finish, I-insist on）。
【透視高考題】
真題1：
The parents suggested ________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A.sleepB.to sleepC.sleeping D.having slept(2006 上海春)簡析：考查動名詞作賓語。suggest后有三種情況：
1）意為“建議”，后接動名詞作賓語，如此句，所以C為正確答案；
2）后接that從句時，從句的謂語要用“（should）+動詞原形”；
3）表示“暗示”含義，后接that從句時，從句的謂語要用陳述語氣。
真題2：
When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not _______.A.to arrive;leavingB.to arrive;to leave
C.arriving;leavingD.arriving;to leave(2005 北京)簡析：考查動名詞作賓語。remember后接動名詞作賓語表示“記得已經(jīng)做過的事”。remember to do sth.表示“記住去做某事”，即表示沒有做的事。根據(jù)句意，前后都應(yīng)填動名詞，指已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，故C正確。
4）作介詞賓語
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me.我給他和他的妻子寫了一封感謝信，因為他們幫助了我。
【透視高考題】
真題：
Accustomed to ________ the steep moun?鄄tains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.A.climbingB.climbC.having climbedD.have climbed(2005 上海春)簡析：考查動名詞作介詞賓語。be accustomed to是個詞組，表示“習(xí)慣于（某事）”，to是介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。故A正確。
5）作定語
The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill’s term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe.鐵幕是政治家溫斯頓·丘吉爾使用的術(shù)語，指東歐與西歐的分界線。
3.動名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
動名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“not ＋ 動名詞”構(gòu)成。例如：
I am sorry for not handing in my homework on time.我很抱歉沒有按時交作業(yè)。
4.動名詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)形式
所謂動名詞的時態(tài)形式是指動名詞有一般式和完成式兩種，語態(tài)形式是說動名詞有被動式。
5.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
動名詞有時帶有自己的邏輯主語，這樣就形成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其構(gòu)成形式為：“名詞所有格（或物主代詞）＋動名詞”。例如：
Mary’s coming late made the teacher very angry.瑪麗的遲到讓老師很生氣。
【透視高考題】
真題：
I really can’t understand ________ her like that.A.you treatB.you to treatC.why treat D.you treating(2005 安徽)簡析：考查動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。understand后接動名詞或動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。動名
詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時，其動名詞的邏輯主語可以用物主代詞，也可以用人稱代詞賓格。此句中可用your treating 或you treating，故選D。
6.動名詞與不定式的比較
動名詞與不定式有許多相同或相似的用法，容易混淆，現(xiàn)將二者的異同點(diǎn)作一比較。
1）相同之處。下列句子的表達(dá)既可用動名詞，也可用不定式，意義上無區(qū)別。眼見為實。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.他愛玩電腦游戲。He likes playing computer games.He likes to play computer games.我的工作是教你英語。My job is teaching you English.My job is to teach you English.2）不同之處。下列情況用動名詞與用不定式會有不同的效果和意義。
A)動名詞的邏輯主語可能泛指人們，而不定式的邏輯主語則是句子本身的主語。試比較：I hate smoking.我討厭吸煙。（相當(dāng)于說：I hate people smoking.）
I hate to smoke.我不愛吸煙。（相當(dāng)于說：I don’t smoke as I dislike it.）
B)動名詞表示一般的或抽象的多次性動作，而不定式則表示具體的一次性動作。試比較：I like seeing English films.我喜歡看英文電影。
Would you like to see the English film tonight? 今晚你想看英文電影嗎？
C)有些動詞后面只能接動名詞作賓語，而有些動詞就只能接不定式。這些動詞我們在前面已有歸納，這里不再贅述。
D)有不少動詞后面既可接動名詞作賓語，也可接不定式作賓語。這類動詞常見的有：attempt, begin, continue, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等。有些動詞后接動名詞與不定式，意思會有所不同。試比較：
I regret telling you the truth.我后悔對你講了真相。（動名詞表示過去已發(fā)生的事情）I regret to tell you that I cannot come.我很遺憾地告訴你我不能來。（不定式表示現(xiàn)在）E)有些動詞后面接動名詞主動式表示被動意義，而接不定式則要用被動式。試比較： The car needs repairing.汽車需要修理。（repairing為主動式表示被動含義）
The car needs to be repaired.汽車需要修理。（to be repaired為被動式表示被動含義）
第四篇：非謂語動詞
初中英語分類練習(xí)
——非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用）
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）
He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)
謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區(qū)別：
1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨(dú)作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語。
Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動詞作謂語）
Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）
2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，而非謂語動詞形式?jīng)]有這種限制。
Mike likes the pop music.（動詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式）
Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）
非謂語動詞的特征：如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。
Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語）
To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責(zé)任。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。
Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動詞仍有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動形式）非謂語動詞在句中可以當(dāng)成名詞或者形容詞來使用。
Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）
There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語動詞的形式變化：
不定式主動被動
一般to writeto be written
進(jìn)行to be writing
完成to have writtento have been written
完成進(jìn)行to have been writing
現(xiàn) 在 分 詞主動被動
一般writingbeing written
完成having writtenhaving been written
過去分詞主動被動
一般written
動名詞主動被動
一般writing being written
完成having writtenhaving been written●動 詞 不 定 式：
動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。
1.動詞不定式作主語：
To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。
2.動詞不定式作賓語：
某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語，這些動詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。
We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.請叫他快過來。
4.動詞不定式作表語 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應(yīng)該做的是趕快完成任務(wù)。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去找孩子。
5.動詞不定式作定語：
There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個問題。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。
6.不定式作狀語：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。
動詞不定式的否定形式：
not + to + 動詞原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。
帶疑問詞的不定式：
疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。
Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。
I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時間開始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？
Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車站嗎？
帶邏輯主語的不定式：
動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。
注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。
動詞不定式的被動形式： 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關(guān)系。
He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。
There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。
●動 名 詞
動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing 構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。
1)動名詞作主語：
Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動名詞作表語
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動名詞作賓語
有些動詞須用動名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?
4）動名詞作定語
She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞
He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。
We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現(xiàn)在不做這件事。
動名詞的被動形式 ：
（當(dāng)動名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系時，用動名詞的被動形式來表示。）
His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動名詞的幾種特殊情況：
1)有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語，有些動詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。
能跟動名詞的動詞有：
avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的動詞有：
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。
I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。
I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動名詞”表示停止動名詞所表示的動作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動作。
Stop smoking, please.請不要抽煙。
Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。
4)動名詞和分詞的區(qū)別：
動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕 developing country 發(fā)展中國家 〔分詞〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕
●分 詞
分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。workingworkedwashingwashed
分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞后面加 ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。
1.分詞作定語
China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。
分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）
a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）
2.分詞作狀語
Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語
The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)）
She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）
They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。
分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。
分詞的時態(tài) 分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進(jìn)來，學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。
Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。
分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關(guān)系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設(shè)的娛樂大樓明年完工。
第五篇：非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞專項練習(xí)
1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been
2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find
3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling
C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand
C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands
5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and
6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear
7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live
8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing
9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won
10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned
11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?
----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted
12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming
C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim
13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known
14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated
C.to have been translatedD.having been translated
15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct
16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go
C.for risk to goD.risk going
17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching
18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did
19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear
20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered
C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering
21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost
C.to search;lostD.to search;missed
22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard
C.When hearingD.When she heard
23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding
24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type
25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing
26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled
27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching
28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed
C.interviewingD.having interviewed
29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able
C.them not ableD.them being able not
30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going
31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異
體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed
C.ExposedD.After being exposed
32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize
33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden
C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding
34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able
C.them not ableD.them being able not
35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?
A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent
36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?
----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked
37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed
C.to have been informedD.to inform
38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed
39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed
C.interviewingD.having interviewed
40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear
41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had
42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed
C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed
43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because
44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made
45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying
46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed
C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed
47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary
B.to learn a foreign language is needed
C.it is important to master science
D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly
48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking
49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out
50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled
51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?
----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type
52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing
答案：
1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA
41------45ACADA
51-----55BC
36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 