第一篇：條件狀語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)案例

條件狀語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)案例

(2009-04-23 23:51:06)轉(zhuǎn)載

標(biāo)簽： 分類：教育隨筆

conditional sentences if unless 教育

Content: Conditional sentences with if & unless.Aims:

1.Knowledge: Know about the rules for conditional sentences with if & unless.2.Ability: Strengthen comprehensive language use(listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translating)in conditional sentences.3.Value: Experience the pleasure of learning English and foster speech courage in public.Teaching type: Grammar Teaching strategies: Chain drill & Task-Based Language Teaching Teaching aids: Pictures, Flash & Recording Language focus: The choice of tenses in if sentences & transformation between if sentences and unless sentences.Language difficulties: Transformation between if sentences and unless sentences.Text analysis:

Conditional sentence is a comparatively difficult grammar point because when we talk about future, we use the simple present tense in if clause and the simple future tense in the main clause while we use the simple present tense in both if clause and the main clause when we talk about facts or habits.Students’ cognition:

Students can understand the word “if” but they are not familiar with the choice of tenses in if sentences and even they might feel quite at a loss with regard to the transformation between if sentences and unless sentences.Time Arrangement: Warming-up(3’), Pre-task(3’), While-task(24’), Post-task(10’).Designing concept:

In the past, we more often than not focused on the rules when we taught grammar.In this way, perhaps students could command the relevant grammar rules and deal with various exercises or exams, but most of them lacked an ability to express their ideas by using what they learnt.Thus I long to change the situation.In other words, I intend to emphasize comprehensive language use in grammar teaching for the sake of enhancing students’ listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translating competences.Meanwhile, I desire to have students experience the pleasure of learning English and foster speech courage in public.For these aims, I provide a flash at the beginning which is exactly related to conditional sentences, a chain drill in the middle and a talking passage pronounced by the initiator of Crazy English, Liyang in the end.First, students are encouraged to recite the passage with the hints of key words in pairs.And then students are stimulated to read the passage as fast, clearly and loudly as possible.Expectation: Hope students can basically grasp the use of conditional sentences with if & unless in the first lesson.Suppose consolidating it in the next lesson, students will reasonably command it by and large.Note: If sentences = if clause + the main clause = conditional sentences with if.If clause is termed against the main clause in conditional sentences.--------------------

Teaching procedures:

Five Parts---I.Organizing the class II.Warming-up III.Pre-task IV.While-task V.Post-task I.Organizing the class

Read the given passage “Too bad” before class.II.Warming-up

Sing and act the English song “If you are happy” to activate students.III.Pre-task

1.If you are happy, what will you do? 2.If you are sad, what will you do? IV.While-task:(3 steps)1.Learn the first use of if sentences: 1)Offer students examples to deduce the rule: When we talk about future, we use the simple present tense in if clause and the simple future tense in the main clause.2)Generalize the rule into a pithy formula: SPT+SFT(主將從現(xiàn)).3)Show students a demonstration of chain drill.4)Students conduct a chain drill randomly to acquire the first use of if sentences.--------------------

2.Learn the second use of if sentences: 1)Ask student a question:--If you take a fish out of water, what happens?--If I take a fish out of water, it dies.2)Deduce the second rule: When we talk about facts or habits, we use the simple present tense in both if clause and the main clause.3)Induce the rule into a pithy formula: SPT+SPT(主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)).4)Describe several pictures by using the second rule.--------------------

3.Learn unless sentences: 1)Unless sentences are in accordance with the formula of if sentences, namely, SPT+SFT(主將從現(xiàn))or SPT+SPT(主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)).2)Remind students of a tenor: unless = if…not(am, is are, do, does)3)Translate the following sentences into English, a paraphrase them with if…not and distinguish it is about future, fact or habit.V.Post-task

1.Recite the passage: 1)Listen to a talking passage “Too Bad” pronounced by Liyang at normal speed.2)In order to recite the passage faster, lead students to find out the key words such as wants, stays, bed, tired, oversleeps, late, so, too bad.3)Demand several students to recite in front of classmates.2.Read the passage as fast, clearly and loudly as possible: 1)Listen to talking passage at very fast speed.2)Require students to read the passage as fast, clearly and loudly as possible.

第二篇：狀語(yǔ)從句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對(duì)比從句)條件從句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導(dǎo)，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.讓步從句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述讓步從句的某些從屬連詞時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

a.although(though)不可與連詞 but 連用；

b.as 引導(dǎo)的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，并須將強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引導(dǎo)的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.對(duì)比從句

表示兩個(gè)人或兩件事之間的對(duì)比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導(dǎo)，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句

主要由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導(dǎo)的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問(wèn)題只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，并且它們兼有其它意義。now that 有“時(shí)間”含義，表示”既然”，說(shuō)明一種新

情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的從句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句也可引導(dǎo)目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實(shí)，通常不含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動(dòng)詞須用 “動(dòng)詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但如果主句謂語(yǔ)是感官動(dòng)詞，并且所述情況實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比較從句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句

由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它從句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引導(dǎo)的類比從句；so(as)far as 引導(dǎo)的范圍從句；except that 引導(dǎo)的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導(dǎo)的擇比從句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人的身體。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會(huì)很高興去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢(qián)。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個(gè)小的，而不愿要那個(gè)大的。）

第三篇：教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) IF引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

IF引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

一、教材、學(xué)生分析

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，梳理總結(jié)。

二、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 知識(shí)目標(biāo)：正確運(yùn)用if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。能力目標(biāo)：能用if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句作出假設(shè)，用will談?wù)摻Y(jié)果。情感目標(biāo)：圍繞情景圖片展開(kāi)話題，提高他們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)合作的小組活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)學(xué)習(xí)精神。

三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)

重點(diǎn): if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn): 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主、從句中的時(shí)態(tài)。

四、教學(xué)方法

口授講解、對(duì)話互動(dòng)、游戲、習(xí)題練習(xí)

五、教學(xué)過(guò)程

Step 1）導(dǎo)入

Warming up and Leading in 1.Enjoy an English song : If you are happy 2 Ask some questions.If you are happy, what will you do?

If I am happy, I will smile.If you are sad, what will you do?

If I am sad, I will cry.Step 2).語(yǔ)法講解

1、show picture 1:主將從現(xiàn)

If he has a lot of money, he’ll buy a big house.2、show picture 2:主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)（客觀真理、常態(tài)事實(shí)等）

If you heat ice it turns to water.(也可用will turn)如果把冰加熱，它就會(huì)化成水。）

3、unless和if not You will miss the train unless you hurry= You will miss the train if you don’t hurry.4、“如果”和“是否”分清楚

Step 3）口頭運(yùn)用

1、看圖編句，用if.If he eats too much, he will be heavy.2、GROUPWORK游戲if接龍

S1: I think I’m going to go to the movies tonight.S2: If I go to the movies, I won’t finish my homework.S3: If I don’t finish my homework… S4: …

Step 4）Summarize the rules

Step 5）習(xí)題練習(xí)

1.Daina(will go/go/goes)to Europe if she(will pass/pass/passes)the exams.2.The graduates(will teach/teach/teaches)in the poor village if the Ministry of Education(will agree/ agree/agrees)soon.3.If there(will be/ are/is)a car accident, they(will call/call/calls)110 for help at once.4.If it(won’t/don’t/doesn’t/ isn’t)rainy, we(will take/ take/takes)walk outside.5.If a UFO(will land/land/lands)in front of me, I(will go/go/goes)in to look for the alien.六、教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)和反思

第四篇：狀語(yǔ)從句1

狀語(yǔ)從句

一：什么是狀語(yǔ)從句？

用一個(gè)句子(從句)來(lái)作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語(yǔ)，用作狀語(yǔ)的句子就叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。作什么樣的狀語(yǔ)就叫什么類型的狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：條件狀語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)作條件狀語(yǔ)。二：狀語(yǔ)從句的分類。

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具體用法如下：

（1）.when 意為“當(dāng)??時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me.你（們）來(lái)看我時(shí)，我感到很高興。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.你（們）過(guò)街道時(shí)，一定要小心。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。He was working at the table when I went in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.當(dāng)我正在睡覺(jué)時(shí)，有人敲門(mén)。I will visit my good friend when I have time.當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí)，我將去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.當(dāng)我在上海時(shí)，我為一家外國(guó)企業(yè)工作。

注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。

I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河邊釣魚(yú)，就在那時(shí)有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，突然燈都熄滅了。

比較while, when, as

1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過(guò)去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?/p>

（2）.before 意為“在??之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天離開(kāi)學(xué)校之前，我們打掃了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過(guò)廚師。

after 意為“在??之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.你（們）用過(guò)了塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。

He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。

注：若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài)，例如 1

上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“自從??”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自從我們開(kāi)始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted.我們自從分手以后一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。

注：常用句型：It is +時(shí)間段+since從句譯為：自從??有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university.自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。

（4）.until 意為“直到??時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常用否定形式, not...until...意為“直到??才??”，這時(shí)的until可以用before 來(lái)替換。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back.我會(huì)呆在這里，直到你回來(lái)。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù))

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺(jué)。(go to bed 表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))

（5）表示“一?就?”的結(jié)構(gòu)

hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示“一?就?”的意思，表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。例：

①、I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來(lái)我就告訴他這件事。

②、I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.③、I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.④、As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.（6）.while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“與??同時(shí)，在??期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.當(dāng)我們正在討論問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí)，爸爸正在清洗汽車(chē)。

注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于but，譯為“然而”。eg.I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，而我的兄弟愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)。

（7）.till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“直到??為止”，not ? till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“直到??才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始，用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。

比較until和till

此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。

肯定句：

I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。

Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到6點(diǎn)才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車(chē)停穩(wěn)后再下車(chē)。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。

2)Until when 疑問(wèn)句中，until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么時(shí)候？

---Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。

(1）Not until ?在句首，主句用倒裝。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我開(kāi)始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。

(2)It is not until? that?

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes.我要一直等到我朋友來(lái)。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.我們要等到他來(lái)了，再開(kāi)始我們的討論。

2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

常用where（哪里）和wherever（無(wú)論哪里）引導(dǎo)。

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most.我們要到祖國(guó)最需要的地方去。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹(shù)很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。方式狀語(yǔ)從句

方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as,(just)as?so?, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。

1）as,(just)as?so?引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as?so?結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如?”，“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開(kāi)空氣，猶如魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

2）as if, as though

兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛??似的”，“好像??似的”，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if(as though)they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。）

說(shuō)明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見(jiàn)我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說(shuō)什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。原因狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because, as和since。三者的區(qū)別是：在回答問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，使用because；對(duì)于顯而易見(jiàn)的原因，常用as或since；as和since的從句常放在主句之前，而because的從句常放在主句之后。

Why did you go?I went because Tom told me to go.你為何去？那是因?yàn)闇方形胰ァe was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.他很生氣不是因?yàn)槲覀儊?lái)遲了，而是因?yàn)槲覀兣隽寺曇簟?/p>

As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors.由于雨太大，我們只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你感覺(jué)不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。比較：because, since, as和for

1）because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.5、目的狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有so that, that和in order that譯為：以便，為了，目的是。此外還有l(wèi)est, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)，例如，Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn)，以便我們能作詳細(xì)筆記。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget.我要把你的地址記下來(lái)，以免忘記。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time.這封信我以航空信發(fā)出，以便他能及時(shí)收到。

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.注：目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以用動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)替換做目的狀語(yǔ)

We work harder than usualfinish it in a week.我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完

成工作。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so? that 或 such?that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個(gè)句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。

比較：so和 such

其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。

so foolishsuch a fool

so nice a flowersuch a nice flower

so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers

so much / little money.such rapid progress

so many peoplesuch a lot of people

（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）

so?that與such?that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法要點(diǎn)。

我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if 意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就(不)會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我們就騎自行車(chē)去那里。

If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中闡述。

unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例題

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不對(duì)，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.8讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

though, although

注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語(yǔ)）

典型例題

1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.A.When B.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless

答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。

2)as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

b.句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems?

雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

3)ever if, even though.即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4)whether?or-不管??都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5)“no matter +疑問(wèn)詞” 或“疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever”

No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。

（錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now.你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)

（錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,（對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。三：主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。

在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題一般分下列兩種情況：

1.若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，或主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask.如果你們有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)的話，請(qǐng)舉手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.紅燈亮?xí)r，車(chē)輛必須停下。

2.若主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是陳述過(guò)去，那么主從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：She could sing when she was four years old.她四歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)唱歌。

第五篇：英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句

（三）狀語(yǔ)從句

（一）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。引導(dǎo)這種從句的詞有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;連接副詞immediately 等；起連接作用的短語(yǔ)as soon as, by the 不能用形容詞such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+從句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+單數(shù)名詞

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法，應(yīng)注意下面兩點(diǎn)： 1． 要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例題的意思是：“直到你說(shuō)明怎么辦之后，我才設(shè)法把這件事做好?！备鶕?jù)題意，須由until 引導(dǎo)此例的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（二）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的處所或方向，這種從句通常用連接副詞where，wherever(無(wú)論在哪里，無(wú)論到哪里)引導(dǎo)。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例題的意思是：“你看書(shū)時(shí)，最好在有問(wèn)題的地方做一個(gè)記號(hào)?！贝藦?fù)合句中的從句是個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，須用連接副詞where 引導(dǎo)，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（三）結(jié)果（程度）狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作所引起的結(jié)果。這種從句由such…that, so…that, so that等引導(dǎo)。其用法舉例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that+從句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+從句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中名詞由many, much, few, little 修飾時(shí)，須用副詞so,例題中的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由“such+ an + adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that”引導(dǎo)。屬于第一種情況，所以正確答案應(yīng)為A。

（四）目的狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的目的。這種從句用連詞so that, in order that 等引導(dǎo)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例題中有一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為D。

（五）條件狀語(yǔ)從句

例題_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 條件狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的條件、假定等。條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞if, unless和起連接作用的短語(yǔ)so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引導(dǎo)。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例題的選項(xiàng)中只有unless 可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案應(yīng)為B。

（六）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

例題 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示某種不利的情況或障礙，但這些因素并不能阻止主句的動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。這種從句通常用連詞although, though, as, however等；連接代詞whatever, whoever等；起連接作用的短語(yǔ)even if though, no matter how what who 等引導(dǎo)。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用倒裝語(yǔ)序，如上面例句所示?！?Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例題中有一個(gè)as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，故從句中的表語(yǔ)clever 須放到as 前面去，所以正確答案應(yīng)為C。