第一篇：2014 年安徽考編小學語文真題

2014年安徽省中小學新任教師公開招聘考試

小學語文

考生注意事項：

1.答題前，務必在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的地方填寫自己的姓名、考點、準考證號、座號，同時在答題卡背面左上角填寫姓名和座號，每個書寫框只能填寫一個阿拉伯數(shù)字，要求字體工整、筆跡清晰。

2.請考生認真核對答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼中姓名、準考證號、座號與本人姓名、準考證號、座號是否一致。

3.答題前，請仔細閱讀答題卡上的注意事項的要求。答選擇題時，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他標號。

4.答其他題目時，必須使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上書寫，要求字體工整、筆跡清晰、作圖題可先用鉛筆在答題卡規(guī)定的位置繪出，確認后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水簽字．．．．．．．．．．筆描清楚。必須在題號所指示的答題區(qū)域作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．草稿紙上答題無效。．．．．．．．．5.考試結束，務必將試題卷和答題卡一并上交。

6.本考試為閉卷考試。滿分120分，考試時間150分鐘。

一、基礎知識（本大題共 7小題，共 24分）

1.下列詞語中加點的字，讀音完全相同的一組是（）。（2分）A.辯論

辨別

花瓣

辮子 B.松懈

感謝

傾瀉

邂逅 C.垮臺

挎包

胯骨

跨欄 D.日暮

房幕

裹慕

喜然

2.下莉各組詞語中，有豬別字的一組是（）。（（2分）A.滋潤

和藹

靦腆

甜密 B.旅行

考察

參觀

游覽 C.推敲

探索

猜測

揣摩

D.湛藍

墨綠

絳紫

黛青

真題答案可加微信：hsjyfy

3.下列各組成語中，感情色彩不相同的一組是（）。（2分）A.文質(zhì)彬彬

神采奕奕

風度翩翩

儀表堂堂 B.古色古香

余音繞梁

不落窠臼

雅俗共賞 C.春風拂面

草長鶯飛

姹紫嫣紅

發(fā)憤圖強 D.眾志成城

膽小如鼠

游手好閑

發(fā)憤圖強

4.對下列古詩句中所應用的手法，表述錯誤的一句是（）。（2分）A.“洛陽親友如相問，一片冰心在玉壺”運用了比喻的手法 B.“飛流直下三千尺，疑是銀河落九天”運用了夸張的手法

C.“滄海月明珠有淚，藍田日暖玉生煙”運用了擬人的手法 D.“欲渡黃河冰塞川，將登太行雪滿山”運用了對偶的手法

5.下列各句中，關聯(lián)詞語使用正確的一句是（）。（2分）

A.一個人無論從小受到這樣嚴格的教育的話，都會獲得道德實踐的勇氣和力量。B.如果一兩個月干旱無雨，這條小溪就不會干涸。

C.雖然有時出來一陣冷風，而且陽光灑到身上卻很暖和。

D.因為《史記》既是一部很有價值的歷史著作，又是一部杰出的文學著作，所以魯迅先生稱“史家之絕唱，無韻之離騷”。6。古詩文填空（8分）(1)子曰：“，不亦說乎？，能不憶江南？（自居易《憶江南》：(2)江南好，風景舊曾諸。。能不憶江南？（自居易《憶江南》）(3)不以物喜，不以己悲；，；處江湖之遠，則憂其君。（范仲淹《岳陽樓記》）(4)九州生氣恃風雷，萬馬齊喑究可哀。。（龔自珍《己亥雜詩》）7。文學常識填空（6分）

(1)《詩經(jīng)》是我國第一部詩歌總集，分為風、、三部分，在我國文學史上產(chǎn)生了極其深遠的影響。

(2)杜甫一生寫詩一千四百多首，很多是千古傳頌的名篇，他的“三吏”是指《石壕吏》和、。(3)葉圣陶的是新中國第一本為兒童創(chuàng)作的童話集。

(4)亞米契斯的是一本日記體的兒童小說，書中的主人公是小學生安利柯。

二、詩歌鑒賞（本大題共 3小題，共 1 0分）古代詩歌鑒賞

古詩十九首

迢迢牽牛星，皎皎河漢女。纖纖擢素手，札札弄機杼。終日不成章，泣涕零如雨。河漢清且淺，相去復幾許？ 盈盈一水間，脈脈不得語。

8.《古詩十九首》的主要特色之一是長于抒情，請聯(lián)系詩句加以簡析。（3分）

9．詩中運用了6組疊詞，寫出這些疊詞，并分析其藝術效果。（3分）

現(xiàn)代詩鑒賞

秋深了 冰心

樹葉兒穿上紅衣了，它是多么可憐??！

10.“樹葉”何以“可憐”？請從手法和內(nèi)容兩方面談談你閱讀小詩后的理解。（4分）

三、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（本大題共 4小題，共 16分）

寫字 粱實秋

在從前，寫字是一件大事，在“念、背、打”教育體系當中占一個很重要的位置，從描紅模子的橫平豎直，到寫墨卷的黑大圓光，中間不知有多大勤苦。記得小時候?qū)懽?，老師冷不防的從你腦后把你的毛筆抽走，弄得你一手掌的墨，這證明你執(zhí)筆不堅，是要受懲罰的。這樣惡作劇還不夠，有的在筆管上套大銅錢，一個，兩個，乃至三四個，搖動筆管只覺頭重腳輕，這原理是和國術家腿上綁沙袋差不多。一旦解開重負便會身輕似燕極盡飛檐走壁之能事，如果練字的時候筆管上馱著好幾兩重的金屬，一旦握起不加附件的竹管，當然會龍飛蛇舞，得心應手了。寫一寸徑的大宇，也有人主張用懸腕法，甚至懸肘法，寫字如站樁，挺起腰板，咬緊牙關，正襟危坐，道貌岸然，在這種姿態(tài)中寫出來的字，據(jù)說是能力透紙背?，F(xiàn)代的人無需受這種折磨?！翱茖W”已經(jīng)廢除了，只會寫幾個“行”“閱”“如擬”“照辦”，便可為官。自來水筆代替了毛筆，橫行左行也可以應酬問世，寫字一道，漸漸的要變成“國粹”了。

當作一種藝術看，中國書法是很獨特的。因為字是藝術，所以什么“永字八法”之類的說教，其效用也就和“新詩作法”“小說作法”相差不多，繩墨當然是可以教的，而巧妙各有不同，關鍵在于個人。寫字最容易泄露一個人的個性，所謂“字如其人，大抵不誣”。如果每個字都方方正正，其人大概拘謹，如果伸胳臂拉腿的都逸出格外，其人必定豪放，字瘦如柴，其人必如排骨，字如墨豬，其人必近于“五百斤油”。所以鄭板橋的字，就應該是那樣的傾斜古怪，才和他那吃狗肉傲公卿的氣概相稱，顏魯公的字就應該是那樣的端莊凝重，才和他的臨難不茍的品格相合，其間無絲毫勉強。

在“文字國”里，需要寫字的地方特別多，擘窠大字至蠅頭小楷，都有用途?？上У氖?，寫字的人往往不能用其所長，且常用錯了地方。譬如，鑿石摹壁的大字，如果不能使山川生色，就不如給當鋪醬園寫寫招牌，至不濟也可以給煤棧寫“南山高煤”。有些人的字不宜在壁上題詩，改寫春聯(lián)或“抬頭見喜”就合適得多。有的人寫字技術非常嫻熟，在茶壺蓋上寫“一片冰心”是可以勝任的，卻偏愛給人題跋字畫。中堂條幅對聯(lián)，其實是人人都可以寫的，不過懸掛的地點應該有個分別，有的宜于掛在書齋客堂，有的宜于掛在飯鋪理發(fā)館，求其環(huán)境配合，氣味相投，如是而已。

“善書者不擇筆”，此說未必盡然，禿筆寫鐵線篆，未嘗不可，臨趙孟頫靶木，大概是尖毫。筆墨紙硯，對于字的影響是不可限量的。有時候?qū)懽值娜顺斯ぞ咧膺€講究一點特殊的技巧，最妙者無過于某公之一筆虎，八尺的宣紙，布滿了一個虎字，氣勢磅礴，一氣呵成，尤其是那一直豎，頂天立地的筆直一根杉木似的，煞是嚇人。據(jù)說，這是有特別辦法的，法用馬弁一名，牽著紙端，在寫到那一豎的時候把筆頓好，喊一聲“拉”，馬弁牽著紙就往后扯，筆直的一豎自然完成。

寫字的人有癮，癮大了就非要替人寫字不可，看著人家的白扇 面，就覺得上面缺點什么，至少也應該有“精氣神”三個字。相傳有人愛寫字，尤其是愛寫扇 子，后來腿壞，以至無扇可寫；人問其故，原來是大家見了他就跑，他追趕不上了。如果字真寫到好處，當然不需

腿健，但寫字的人究竟是腿健者居多。11.文題“寫字”的含義指什么？（2分）

12.文章從哪些方面描寫了國人因?qū)懽直砺冻龅姆N種世相？（4分）

13.文章風格上的主要特點是什么？舉例說明。（6分）

14.電腦鍵盤是社會進步的產(chǎn)物，電子短信代替文字書信，鍵盤輸入代替文字書寫的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)普遍存在。如果你是老師，你認為在信息社會還要不要開展寫字與書法教育？為什么？（4分）

四、課程理論（本大題共 2小題，共 8分）

15.根據(jù)《義務教育語文課程標準(2011年版)》內(nèi)容，填寫以下空格。（4分）(1)語文課程是一門學習的綜合性、課程。(2)課程目標從，情感態(tài)度與價值觀三個方面設計。三者相互滲透，融為一體。目標的設計著眼于語文素質(zhì)的整體提高。

16.《義務教育語文課程標準（201 1年版）》提出哪四條語文課程的基本理念？請簡要回答。（4分）

基本理念一是：;

基本理念二是：;基本理念三是：;基本理念四是：。

五、教學實踐（本大題共 2小題，共 22分）

我的伯父魯迅先生

有一天黃昏，北風呼呼地怒號著，天色 十分陰暗。街上的人都匆匆忙忙趕著回家。爸爸媽媽拉著我的手，到伯父家去。走到離伯父家門口不遠的地方，看見一個拉黃包車的坐在地上呻吟，車子在一邊扔著。

我們走過去，看見他兩只手捧著自己的腳，腳上沒有穿鞋，地上淌了一攤血。他聽見腳步聲，抬起頭 來，飽經(jīng)風霜的臉上現(xiàn)出難以忍受的痛苦。

以下是三位老師對“飽經(jīng)風霜”做出的三種教案：

教案一：

師：回憶一下，在舊社會的一個拉車工人的臉部形 象是什么 樣子的？

生：頭發(fā)亂蓬蓬。眼睛布滿血絲。

生：臉 色蠟黃，身上臟兮兮。

生：一雙赤腳，手上布滿老繭。

師：這就是“飽經(jīng)風霜”的含義。

教案二：

師生互動。結合書中圖畫，聯(lián)系實際，對“飽經(jīng)風霜”的含義進行多元化分析。

師：（板書“飽經(jīng)風霜”）回憶一下，在生活中，你有沒有見到過“飽經(jīng)風霜”的人？

生：我看到過在街邊乞討的人，還有在建筑工地上勞動的人。

師：“飽經(jīng)風霜的臉”是一張怎樣的臉？請大家仔細觀察書上的插圖，用自己的話說說車

夫這張“飽經(jīng)風霜的臉”。

生：他的眉頭還緊緊地鎖著。

師：沒錯，這是一張飽經(jīng)風霜的臉。透過這張臉，你們又看到了什么？

生：也許他的實際年齡并不大，只是太辛苦了。

生：他的家里一定很窮，估計都揭不開鍋了。

生：我覺得這個黃包車夫長期營養(yǎng)不良，身體有病，可能經(jīng)歷了許多艱難困苦。正是因為家里窮，他才在大冷天里赤腳拉黃包車，腳底也被玻璃片刺破了。

教案三：

師：（板書）“飽經(jīng)風霜”的含義是什么？

生：生活艱難困苦。

師：“飽經(jīng)”是什么意思？

生：“飽和、充滿”的意思。

師：“風霜”什么意思？

生：“風雨交加，天氣惡劣”的意思。

師：“飽經(jīng)風霜”就是經(jīng)歷過很多的艱難困苦。

（生抄寫詞語意思在書本上）

17.假如你是一位老師，你會從以上三個教案中選擇哪個作為最佳教案？請從學情關注、方法選擇、師生互動三個方面進行分析。（10分）

動手做做看

法國科學家朗志萬，有一次向幾個小朋友提了一個奇怪的問題：“一個杯子裝滿了水，再放進別的東西，水就會漫出來。如果放進一條金魚，卻不是這樣。這是為什么？”

一個小朋友說：“因為金魚身上有鱗?！?/p>

另一個小朋友說：“一定是金魚把水喝下去了。”

伊琳娜覺得他們都沒說對，但自己又想不出道理來。她回到家里問媽媽。媽媽說：“不能光想，你動手做做看！”

伊琳娜找來一條金魚，把它放進一個裝滿水的杯子里。哎呀，和朗志萬說的不一樣，水漫出來了。

伊琳娜越想越生氣，第二天一早就去問朗志萬：“您怎么可以提這樣的問題，來哄騙我們小朋友呢？”

朗志萬聽了，哈哈大笑。他說：“我不是哄騙你們。我是想讓你們知道，科學家的話，也不一定都是對的，要動手做做看。”伊琳娜聽懂了朗志萬的話，高興地笑了。

我會認：

lǎnɡzhìmànlínyīlínnààihōnɡpiàn朗志漫鱗伊琳娜哎哄

騙

我會寫：

另

志

題

提

滿

朗

哄

喝

騙

18.識字、寫字是閱讀和寫作的基礎，是第一學段的教學重點，按照規(guī)范要求認真寫好漢字

是《義務教育語文課程標準(2011年版)》對語文教學提出的基本要求，這篇課文要求認識10個生字，學會書寫9個生字。如果你是老師，閱讀上面的課文，請寫出識字寫字教學片段設計，并請你在田字格里示范書寫本課9個生字，做到正確、規(guī)范、美觀。（12分）

六、寫作表達（本大題共 40分）

19.作文標題為《我們怎樣過簡單快樂的生活》，文體不限。不少于800 字，其中詩歌題材不少于14 行。

第二篇：考編英語真題

PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION(30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT A

Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years.(So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali.Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.)To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw.Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa.For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image.“Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006.“Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.)It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver.An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home.People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service.Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies.(One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle.By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.)The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren.Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up;the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up.Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours.Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists.When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey.A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure.Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years.Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from.Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees(about $2.50)a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars.For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.“I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place.As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.“The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me.“Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances.Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months.Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976.The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers.It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century.Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”

“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11.According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT A.taking foreign tourists around the city.B.providing transport to school children.C.carrying store supplies and purchases

D.carrying people over short distances.12.Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar? A.They come from a relatively poor area.B.They are provided with decent accommodation.C.Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D.They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13.That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar”(4 paragraph)means that even so, A.the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B.the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C.the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D.the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14.We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people A.hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B.strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C.call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D.keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15.Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor? A.“?not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2 paragraph)B.“?,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4 paragraph)C.Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.”(7 paragraph).D.“?or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.”(6 paragraph)16.The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest A.the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B.the inefficiency of the municipal government.C.the difficulty of finding a good solution.D.the slowness in processing options.TEXT B Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years(says National Public Radio)or five years(according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether.Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines).Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy “élite” security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line.This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting.An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--“we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.”

Almost every line can be breached for a price.In several U.S.cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines.On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay “waiters” or “placeholders” to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business.And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S.lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line.Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants “to cut in line ahead of millions of people.”

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S.Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date.There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating.But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted “A” boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure.Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up.Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group--consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder--what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: “We wait.We are bored.”

17.What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers?Poor suckers, mostly.”(2 paragraph)A.Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B.Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C.Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D.Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line? A.Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B.Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C.First-class passenger status at airports.D.Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19.We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors and Congressmen)A.prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B.advocate the value of waiting in lines.C.believe in and practice waiting in lines.D.exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20.What is the tone of the passage? A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned.Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights.It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism;and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny.Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress(five feet four in height and in average health)would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner.In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement.Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury.The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there.It seemed with humanity.The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings;and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21.That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that A.modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B.there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C.the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D.the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22.The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT A.“?turned Babylonian”.B.“perhaps a new barbarism’.C.“acres of white napery”.D.“balanced to the last halfpenny”.23.In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended to A.please simple people in a simple way.B.exploit gullible people like him.C.satisfy a demand that already existed.D.provide relaxation for tired young men.24.Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true? A.The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B.The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C.The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D.It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25.The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that A.the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B.the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C.Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D.the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26.The author’s attitude to the café is A.fundamentally critical.B.slightly admiring.C.quite undecided.D.completely neutral.TEXT D I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness.But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders.Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about.But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants.For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back.Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy.But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was.In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom.After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out.Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away.With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance.“Smelter or death.”

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries.It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world;diversify an economy historically dependent on fish;and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice.Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project.“We have a right to live.”

27.According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of A.environmental value.B.commercial value.C.potential value for tourism.D.great value for livelihood.28.What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project? A.Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B.The project would lower life expectancy.C.The project would cause environmental problems.D.The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29.The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT A.fewer fishing companies.B.fewer jobs available.C.migration of young people.D.Imposition of fishing quotas.30.The 4 paragraph in the passage A.sums up the main points of the passage.B.starts to discuss an entirely new point.C.elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D.continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answer to each question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31.Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? A.The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B.The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C.The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D.The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32.The first city ever founded in Canada is A.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.34.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by A.Abraham Lincoln.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.35.________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A.Will Blake

B.W.B.Yeats C.Robert Browning D.William Wordsworth 36.The Financier is written by A.Mark Twain.B.Henry James.C.William Faulkner.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as A.Allegory.B.Sonnet.C.blank verse.D.rhyme.38.________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A.Language acquisition

B.Language comprehension C.Language production

D.Language instruction 39.The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”.This is an example of ________ in morphology.A.Backformation B.Conversion C.Blending D.acronym 40.Language is t tool of communication.The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves A.an expressive function.B.an informative function.C.a performative function.D.a persuasive function.Part IV

Proofreading & Error Correction(15 min)

The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case, only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE

When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter.Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass.Whereas this is not the fault of their language.The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive')is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'.The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens.How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?

PART VTRANSLATION(60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.朋友關系的存續(xù)是以相互尊重為前提的, 容不得半點強求、干涉和控制。朋友之間, 情趣相投、脾氣對味則合、則交;反之, 則離、則絕。朋友之間再熟悉, 再親密, 也不能隨便過頭，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡將被打破, 友好關系將不復存在。每個人都希望擁有自己的私密空間，朋友之間過于隨便，就容易侵入這片禁區(qū)，從而引起沖突，造成隔閡。待友不敬，或許只是一件小事，卻可能已埋下了破壞性的種子。維持朋友親密關系的最好辦法是往來有節(jié)，互不干涉。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.我想那是五月的一個周日的早晨；那天是復活節(jié)，一個大清早上。我站在自家小屋的門口。就在我的面前展現(xiàn)出了那么一番景色，從我那個位置其實能夠盡收眼底，可是夢里的感覺往往如此，由于夢幻的力量，這番景象顯得超凡出塵，一派肅穆氣象。群山形狀相同，其山腳下都有著同樣可愛的山谷；不過群山挺然參天，高于阿爾卑斯峰，諸山相距空曠，豐草如茵，林地開闊，錯落其間；樹籬上的白玫瑰娟娟彌望；遠近看不見任何生物，唯有蒼翠的教堂庭院里，牛群靜靜地臥躺在那片郁郁蔥蔥的墓地歇息，好幾頭圍繞著一個小孩的墳墓。我曾對她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日東升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同當年那樣望著牛群。

PART VI

WRITING(45 MIN)

Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it a n entirely new look.The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.Tis triggered off different responses.Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage.What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.—THE END –

參考答案 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal;4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance;8 situation;9 mood;10 unconsciously same posture SECTION B INTERVIEW

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C

8.D 9.D 10.A PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION

11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C

31-35 DAAAC

36-40 DAACB

Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction 1 be后插入as;2 their改為its;3 There改為It;4 Whereas改為But 5 further 改為much 6 come改為bring;7 similar改為different;8 will改為would;9 as important去掉as;10 the part去掉the

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting;otherwise they will separate and end the relationship.Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect.Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more.Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation.It may be a small matter to be rude to friends;however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds.The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE 我想那是五月的一個周日的早晨；那天是復活節(jié)，一個大清早上。我站在自家小屋的門口。就在我的面前展現(xiàn)出了那么一番景色，從我那個位置其實能夠盡收眼底，可是夢里的感覺往往如此，由于夢幻的力量，這番景象顯得超凡出塵，一派肅穆氣象。群山形狀相同，其山腳下都有著同樣可愛的山谷；不過群山挺然參天，高于阿爾卑斯峰，諸山相距空曠，豐草如茵，林地開闊，錯落其間；樹籬上的白玫瑰娟娟彌望；遠近看不見任何生物，唯有蒼翠的教堂庭院里，牛群靜靜地臥躺在那片郁郁蔥蔥的墓地歇息，好幾頭圍繞著一個小孩的墳墓。我曾對她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日東升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同當年那樣望著牛群。

PART VI WRITING The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique characteristics.Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it.In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.First, a city’s regional characteristics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its identity.In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the city’s landscapes.Without these landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel.Take Beijing for example.In the past few years, Beijing has been removing a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city.But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself.Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainous area near Guiyang.We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich.Unconventional, super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input.Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the city’s original purpose of developing itself.Instead, if connections between a city’s culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process.More haste, less speed.Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortcomings of futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.In conclusion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.A scientific city design should be dependent on the city’s regional characteristics, on a case-by-case basis.

第三篇：2017年安徽中考真題語文

2017年安徽省中考真題語文

一、語文積累與綜合運用 1.默寫古詩文中的名句名篇。

（1）請在下列橫線上填寫出古詩文名句。（任選其中6句，不得多選）①關關雎鳩，_______________。（《詩經(jīng)·關雎》）②阡陌交通，_______________。（陶淵明《桃花源記》）③欲渡黃河冰塞川，_______________。（李白《行路難》）④_______________，大庇天下寒士俱歡顏。（杜甫《茅屋為秋風所破歌》）⑤_______________，似曾相識燕歸來。（晏殊《浣溪沙》）⑥_______________，左牽黃，右擎蒼。（蘇軾《江城子·密州出獵》）⑦落紅不是無情物，_______________。（龔自珍《己亥雜詩》）

⑧辛棄疾《破陣子·為陳同甫賦壯詞以寄之》中寫兵士們在秋高氣爽時節(jié)接受檢閱的句子是“_______________”。

（2）默寫陸游《游山西村》的前四句。

_______________，_______________。_______________，_______________。解析：本題考查古詩文名句默寫能力。答案：（1）①在河之洲 ②雞犬相聞 ③將登太行雪滿山 ④安得廣廈千萬間 ⑤無可奈何花落去 ⑥老夫聊發(fā)少年狂 ⑦化作春泥更護花 ⑧醉里挑燈看劍，夢回吹角連營

（2）莫笑農(nóng)家臘酒渾，豐年留客足雞豚。山重水復疑無路，柳暗花明又一村。

閱讀下面的文字，完成各題。

千百年來，詠月的詩人不記其數(shù)，中國人之鐘情于月亮，在于其明澈而不炫目，寧謐而不沉寂。秦風漢韻，唐詩宋詞，都融在如練的月華中。古人詠月，讓人看見的不是jiǎo潔的月光，而是千年詩賦的動人華章。月亮那溫馨怡人的風致，飄逸脫塵的氣韻，晶瑩剔透的品質(zhì)，慰藉了多少孤寂幽怨的心靈。月亮就是詩心，舉頭一望，心靈自會變得澄明。2.給劃線字注音，根據(jù)拼音寫出相應的漢字。炫目_____ jiǎo潔_____ 澄明_____ 解析：按照要求給字注音或根據(jù)拼音寫出漢字。答案：xuàn 皎 chéng

3.文中有錯別字的一個詞語是“_____”，這個詞語的正確寫法是“_____”。解析：本題考查的是字形，在閱讀過程中完成漢字的糾錯。答案：不記其數(shù) 不計其數(shù)

4.文中“鐘情”的“鐘”的意思是_____；“如練的月華”中，“練”的意思是_____。解析：切記通讀全文，依據(jù)情景總結意思。答案：專注 白色的絲帶

5.畫線句子運用了_____和_____的修辭手法。

解析：從文中找出運用的修辭手法的句子，準確寫出來即可。答案：排比 擬人 運用課外閱讀積累的知識，完成各題。6.下列選項中，搭配不正確的一項是（）A.《西游記》 吳承恩 明代 B.《安徒生童話》 安徒生 丹麥 C.《朝花夕拾》 魯迅 中國現(xiàn)代 D.《海底兩萬里》 凡爾納 英國

解析：此題考查對文學常識的記憶。需要平時廣泛讀書，在學習過程中有意識記憶，做好積累，D項中凡爾納是法國人。答案：D

7.“天上的風雨來了/鳥兒躲到它的巢里/心中的風雨來了/我只能躲到你的懷里”出自冰心的詩集《____》，詩中的“你”指的是____。解析：詩句出自冰心的《繁星·春水》，以歌誦母愛，自然為主，“你”指的是“母親”。答案：《繁星》、母親。

某校開展“光影流年——電影主題周”活動，活動中有一些問題，請你參與解決。

8.本周五下午學校舉辦“電影文化”主題講座，需推遲20分鐘放學，阿德同學擬寫了一條發(fā)給本班家長的短信。請你按要求幫他修改。

本周五下午學校舉辦電影文化講座，需推遲一會兒放學，特此告知。請您妥善合理安排接孩子的時間。謝謝！

①為表示尊重，短信開頭應添加稱呼及禮貌用語：____ ②短信中推遲放學的時間交代不具體，應將“____”改為“____”。③畫線句子有語病，可修改為____。（不得改變原意）

解析：本題考查修改病句。①為表示尊重，短信開頭應添加稱呼及禮貌用語：尊敬的家長，您好！②短信中推遲放學的時間交代不具體，應將“一會”改為“十分鐘”；③畫線句子有語病，可修改為去掉“妥善”（或“合理”）

答案：①尊敬的家長，您好！②一會十分鐘③去掉“妥善”（或“合理”）。

9.學生會開展“對對聯(lián)，贏影票”活動，請幫助小祥同學為下面的上聯(lián)選出合適的下聯(lián)。上聯(lián)：咫尺銀幕，流轉千般光影。下聯(lián)：____，____。

A.斗室方桌，遍覽萬古文章。B.方寸鏡頭，透視萬種風情。C.琳瑯滿布，經(jīng)營百樣繁華。D.小小梨園，上演生旦凈丑。

解析：本題考查對對聯(lián)的理解、掌握能力。解答此題，要求掌握對聯(lián)的一些基本知識，如語句對仗，詞性相同，還要注意修辭運用，語境是否符合等方面。上聯(lián)中有“咫尺”可思考下聯(lián)中“方寸”與它相應，故選：B。答案：B

10.校團委組織了“戲曲電影展映”活動，并在學生中進行了兩次問卷調(diào)查。結果如下：

戲曲電影展映前后“喜愛與支持率”調(diào)查情況統(tǒng)計圖

仔細閱讀上圖，請用簡潔的語言作答。（每空限10字以內(nèi)，不得出現(xiàn)字數(shù)。）①展映后，學生對戲曲電影的喜愛及支持率均____ ②四部電影中，黃梅戲電影《天仙配》在展映前后____。

解析：考查把表格轉換成文字的能力。作答此類題目時，一定要認真觀察表格中的文字和數(shù)據(jù)，結合表格的標題，即可得出結論。注意，一般不能出現(xiàn)表格中的數(shù)據(jù)。幾組數(shù)據(jù)并列，要考慮有沒有比較的意味。①展映后，學生對戲曲電影的喜愛及支持率均明顯提高，②四部電影中，黃梅戲電影《天仙配》在展映前后最愛學生喜愛。答案：①明顯提高②均最愛學生喜愛

二、閱讀

閱讀選文，回答下列各題。

明天，我們拿什么滋養(yǎng)生命

梁建中

①“50年代淘米洗菜，60年代洗衣灌溉，70年代水質(zhì)變壞，80年代魚蝦絕代，90年代不洗馬桶蓋?！边@是河流污染的真實寫照。

②根據(jù)我國國家環(huán)保局的一項調(diào)查，在被統(tǒng)計的13l條流經(jīng)城市的河流中，嚴重污染的有36條，重度污染的有21條。全國532條主要河流中，有436條受到不同程度的污染。城市河流的主要污染物為石油類、揮發(fā)酚、氨氮和汞等。其中有機類屬嚴重污染，三氮類屬重度污染，重金屬為輕度污染。目前中國約有一半城市市區(qū)的地下水污染嚴重，地下水水質(zhì)呈下降趨勢。

③污染帶來的就是災難。珠江海區(qū)的污染使棲息在該海區(qū)的鯛科、石首科、帶魚、烏賊和中國對蝦等19種經(jīng)濟魚類和25種經(jīng)濟蝦類連續(xù)出現(xiàn)大量死亡，使洄游產(chǎn)卵繁殖的獅魚、馬鮫等銳減；這里著名的“萬山漁汛”，已不成汛。

④長江也不樂觀，不斷增加的、不經(jīng)處理的廢水污水在城市江段已形成明顯污染帶。據(jù)調(diào)查，長江干流21個主要城市江段的污染帶已超過600千米，占城市江段長度的70%.隨著鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)及農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，長江水體還受到農(nóng)藥和化肥污染。另外，每年長江帶入東海的泥沙達6億噸，輸沙量已達黃河的，相當于尼羅河、亞馬孫河和密西西比河3條世界大河的輸沙總量。

⑤母親河——黃河的情況更遭。從20世紀70年代起，黃河下游及河口地區(qū)旱季斷流現(xiàn)象幾乎年年發(fā)生，1997年創(chuàng)紀錄地達到累計斷流226天，僅勝利油田少產(chǎn)原油就損失30多億元。目前，黃河流域用水量已超過360億立方米。隨著黃河流域用水量猛增，各地都對昔日流入黃河的雨水“圍追堵截”。大大減少了黃河的入水量。甘肅、寧夏百姓大挖水窖，積蓄雨水，被廣泛推廣的所謂“旱作農(nóng)業(yè)”，使干旱的土壤變成了一塊塊“海綿”。地下水開采和生態(tài)耗水，如水土保持、植樹造林等都直接影響到黃河的水量，使黃河再也無法形成昔日容納百川的汪洋恣肆的壯觀場面。

⑥專家預測，2030年我國人口將進入高峰時期，屆時人均水資源量大約只有1750立方米，中國將成為嚴重缺水的國家。

⑦拯救我們的水資源環(huán)境吧，不要讓“人類最后見到的一滴水是我們自己的眼淚”變成現(xiàn)實！

（選自《青少年科技博覽）2008年03期有刪改）

11.選文以“明天，我們拿什么滋養(yǎng)生命”為題，主要說明的對象是什么？ 解析：考查說明對象的把握。答案：我國的河流污染十分嚴重。

12.用一句話概括第②段的主要內(nèi)容。

解析：考查內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。方法：找中心句；結合本段說明特征概括，摘要聯(lián)合，結合標點，尤其注意分號，認真提煉。

答案：廢水污水不經(jīng)處理就排放；農(nóng)藥化肥的污染；大挖水窖，對流入黃河的雨水“圍追堵截”；無節(jié)制開采地下水。

13.請以第③、④段為例簡要分析選文主要運用了哪幾種說明方法？ 解析：考查說明方法及其作用。

答案：①句運用了舉例子和列數(shù)字的說明方法，具體準確地說明我國的水污染已十分嚴重，很有說服力。②句運用了列數(shù)字和作比較的說明方法，直觀地告訴我們長江每年帶入東海的泥沙之多，情況不容樂觀。

14.下面語句出自選文第⑤段，分析句中劃線詞的作用，體會說明文語言的準確性、嚴密性。

從20世紀70年代起，黃河下游及河口地區(qū)旱季斷流現(xiàn)象幾乎年年發(fā)生，1997年創(chuàng)紀錄地達到累計斷流226天，僅勝利油田少產(chǎn)原油就損失30多億元。解析：考查說明文語言的特點：準確性。答案：“幾乎”表明十分接近，用“幾乎”說明斷流現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的頻率高。

15.相關鏈接：仔細觀察下面“中國節(jié)水標志”圖，回答（1）（2）題。

（1）請你探究“中國節(jié)水標志”圖標的設計意圖。（2）“拯救我們的水資源環(huán)境吧，不要讓人類最后見到的一滴水是我們自己的眼淚，變成現(xiàn)賣。”面對嚴峻的水資源環(huán)境，你該怎么做？

解析：本題考查觀察能力、歸納能力、語言表達能力，還有想象力，可謂一箭“數(shù)”雕。答案：（1）國家節(jié)水標志的設計意圖是：“國家節(jié)水標志”由水滴、人手和地球變形而成。（綠色的）圓形代表地球，象征節(jié)約用水是保護地球生態(tài)的重要措施。標志留白部分像一只手托起一滴水，手是拼音字母JS的變形，寓意節(jié)水，表示節(jié)水需要公眾參與，鼓勵人們從我做起，人人動手節(jié)約每一滴水；手又像一條蜿蜒的河流，象征滴水匯成江河。（能說出大意即可）（2）①加大宣傳力度，提高全社會的節(jié)水意識。②進一步健全和完善與節(jié)水相關的法律法規(guī)，實現(xiàn)依法治水。③鼓勵開發(fā)使用節(jié)水的新科技，如節(jié)水龍頭、節(jié)水馬桶??圍繞“從我做起，節(jié)約每一滴水；從我身邊做起，不污染水源；參加公益活動，做義務宣傳員。為拯救水資源做出自己應有的貢獻。”來答即可。

閱讀短文，回答問題。

扁擔的一生 范宇

①在村莊的記憶里，幾乎任何時間、任何角落都能見到扁擔的身影。挑糞、挑種子、挑谷子、挑土豆、挑橘子????農(nóng)人在土地上的所有傾注與收獲，都與扁擔密不可分。扁擔就是農(nóng)人的精神脊梁，讓他們挑起一個家庭重擔的同時，也挑起了一個村莊沉重的歷史與殷殷期盼。

②___________________________________。母親嫁給父親時，半背篼谷子便是全部的家當。泥墻茅頂?shù)姆孔悠茢〔豢?，常常在狂風驟雨中搖搖欲墜，只有立于墻角略彎的扁擔顯得精神抖擻，給人信心與希望。或許，母親嫁給父親的勇氣，有幾分便來自于扁擔的抖擻精神。總之，在晝夜有序更替的村莊里，父母用扁擔慢慢挑起了生活的擔子，就像螞蟻搬家一樣，雖然緩慢，卻漸漸挑出了一個家庭的嶄新面貌。

③___________________________________。

④20年前，父親從山里找到一截不錯的木材，正想著用來做點什么呢。身為木匠的舅舅幾乎脫口而出——扁擔。對，扁擔！父親也認為，只有改成一根扁擔，才不辜負這上好的木材。說干就干，粗糙的木材到了舅舅手里，不用半天，就變成了一根筆直的扁擔。扁擔不能太直，太直則易傷肩頭和腰。因此，還得將扁擔以火烤之后，用外力將之略微壓彎成弓形?？蛇@根扁擔實在太有骨氣了，即便火烤、重壓，仍然筆直，沒有半點屈服。

⑤這根扁擔挑起來更吃力，父親卻愛不釋手。之后的許多年里，父親無論挑什么，都用她。有次在挑玉米時，父親不小心閃了腰，疼了好長一段時間。但父親并沒有放棄她，用汗水和心血一點點浸潤著她，漸漸地，她堅硬的心被融化了，挺直的腰板，也彎了下來。父親挑起扁擔來越來越有默契，像與母親的婚姻一樣，雖偶有磕磕絆絆，感情卻越來越深厚。她也沒有辜負父親的良苦用心，苦心經(jīng)營，以頂天立地般的氣慨，讓一個家庭從貧窮落后走向富足安逸。

⑥可這樣的日子并沒有持續(xù)多少年。越來越多的人開始離開村莊，離開賴以生存的土地，扁擔也漸漸地走向了落寞。不少人再也沒有回來，在城里買了房子，過上了舒坦的日子。這也讓父親堅信一根扁擔能夠挑出一個未來的信念，逐漸土崩瓦解。或許，這背后更多是村莊現(xiàn)實的無奈。

⑦無論如何，父親最終選擇了離開。

⑧曾經(jīng)朝夕相對的扁擔被擱置在了一個冰冷的墻角，孤零零的。說來也奇怪，沒有了重壓，扁擔卻一天比一天更彎，彎得像一個茍延殘喘的暮年老者?；蛟S，再過幾年，抑或十余年，她便將走完一生，徹底告別深愛了一生也奮斗了一生的村莊。

⑨這也是農(nóng)人的一生。

⑩九月，村莊又迎來冷冷清清的收獲季節(jié)。我返城時，碰見正挑著谷子從田邊迎面走來的大伯。大伯今年已60余歲了，還在田間勞作著。他也曾短暫離開過村莊，卻始終沒能走出像扁擔一樣的命運。他仍然堅信著，只要村莊還在，扁擔還在，就一定能夠扛起生活的重擔。甚至，在人煙越來越少的村莊里，不少死守的農(nóng)人還是堅信——一根扁擔仍能挑起一個村莊。?這是一種可貴精神，或許它與現(xiàn)實追求早已背道而馳，卻讓人肅然起敬。

（選自《襄陽晚報》2016年3月3日，有刪改）

16.根據(jù)上下文，將下面兩個句子分別填入文章②③兩段橫線處，第②段應填_____，第③段應填_____ A.這讓我有了探索一根扁擔一生的濃厚興趣。B.我的家也是扁擔挑起來的。

解析：本題考查補齊句子的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“扁擔就是農(nóng)人的精神脊梁，讓他們挑起一個家庭重擔的同時，也挑起了一個村莊沉重的歷史與殷殷期盼。“可知，此處應填第二句話，因為這句話緊承第一段最后一句。從第四段開始寫了父親那根扁擔的一生，所以此處應填第一句話。答案：BA

17.閱讀文章④﹣⑥段，概括補充扁擔經(jīng)歷的主要變化過程。（每空不超過5個字）上好的木材→_____→漸彎的扁擔→_____ 解析：本題考查篩選信息。根據(jù)第四段中的“可這根扁擔實在太有骨氣了，即便火烤、重壓，仍然筆直，沒有半點屈服?！翱傻霉P直的扁擔。根據(jù)第六段中的“離開賴以生存的土地，扁擔也漸漸地走向了落寞可得”落寞的扁擔”。答案：筆直的扁擔 落寞的扁擔

18.作者提到“扁擔”，多次使用第三人稱“她”，有何表達效果？

解析：本題考查對人稱的理解與掌握。扁擔本是無情之物，應用“它“，但這里用“她“，這是擬人手法，把扁擔人格化，表現(xiàn)了作者對扁擔的深情厚意。答案：將扁擔人格化，敘述親切自然，蘊含作者對扁擔的深厚情感。

19.聯(lián)系上下文，簡要分析第⑩段畫線句子蘊含了作者怎樣的情感。

解析：本題考查揣摩作者感情。這句話所寫為我大伯的經(jīng)歷。他也曾短暫離開農(nóng)村，但最終又回來了，他是落寞的，同時他又是堅持的，對村莊的堅持，我對大伯的這種精神深懷敬意。答案：對農(nóng)人像扁擔一樣的命運感到無奈。對農(nóng)人堅守村莊的執(zhí)著精神深懷敬意。

20.“扁擔”在文中有著豐富的內(nèi)涵，請結合全文談談你的理解。解析：本題考查賞析文章中意象的理解與掌握。

答案：扁擔是農(nóng)具，擔負著農(nóng)人家庭生活的重擔。扁擔是農(nóng)人的精神脊梁，擔負著村莊的歷史和期盼。扁擔的一生是農(nóng)人的一生，與農(nóng)人、村莊的命運相始終。

閱讀下面文言文，回答后面各題。

陋室銘 劉禹錫

山不在高，有仙則名。水不在深，有龍則靈。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上階綠，草色入簾青。談笑有鴻儒，往來無白丁?？梢哉{(diào)素琴，閱金經(jīng)。無絲竹之亂耳，無案牘之勞形。南陽諸葛廬，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：何陋之有？ 21.解釋下列句中劃線的詞。

①山不在高，有仙則名______ ②斯是陋室，惟吾德馨______ ③可以調(diào)素琴，閱金經(jīng)______ ④無案牘之勞形______ 解析：本題考查對文言實詞的理解能力。答案：①有名（或“出名”“著名”“成了名山”）；②這；③調(diào)弄，這里指彈（琴）；④使??勞累。

22.下面句子朗讀時，停頓正確的一項是（）A.臣不勝受恩/感激 B.今齊地方/千里 B.朔氣傳/金柝 D.水/不在深

解析：本題考查句子的停頓，句子內(nèi)部的停頓主要是句子成分之間的停頓，所以要先正確劃分句子的結構。答案：D

23.翻譯：孔子云：何陋之有？

解析：本題考查的是理解并翻譯句子的能力。答案：孔子說，有什么簡陋的呢？

24.結合全文思考，文章寫“諸葛廬、子云亭”有什么作用？ 解析：本題考查鑒賞文章寫作技巧的能力。

答案：示例：作者采用類比的手法，以歷史上兩個知名人物的名室和自己的陋室作比，說明陋室不陋的原因是主人品德高尚。

三、寫作

25.閱讀下面文字，按要求作文。

不闖紅燈，是對規(guī)則的承諾；走進經(jīng)典，是對閱讀的承諾；追求卓越，是對人生的承諾；關愛他人，是對社會的承諾????承諾是一份責任，也是一種素養(yǎng)。在初中生活里，你有過哪些與承諾有關的經(jīng)歷和感觸呢？

請以“這就是我的承諾”為題，結合自己的生活體驗，寫一篇文章。提示與要求：

（1）自定立意，寫出你的經(jīng)歷、感悟、認識。（2）可以大膽選擇你最能駕馭的文體進行寫作。

（3）文中不要出現(xiàn)真實的地名、校名、人名等信息。（4）不要套作，不得抄襲。

（5）考慮到內(nèi)容的充實，文章不要少于600字。

解析：這是一篇命題作文，該題目簡潔新穎，沒有審題障礙，這個題目在命題上不落窠臼，在思維形式上注重開放，在內(nèi)容上貼近生活。同時，我們可以選取自己最熟悉、最有話可說的內(nèi)容來寫。

這就是我的承諾，這是一個很平常的題目，要想寫出新意，也有一定的難度，這個詞語里蘊含著著深刻的道理。是一個人品質(zhì)的良好表現(xiàn)。

可以有兩個思路，一是選取生活細節(jié)，如寫自己或者周圍人關于承諾的事情；也可以跨越時空，尋找離我們生活、時間較遠的寫作素材。

整篇文章要以記敘文字為主，也可以使用其他的表達方式作為補充，在文章最后可以寫一段議論抒情文字，寫出所感所悟，升華一下文章的主旨。

也可以采用小標題或者分鏡頭的方式，寫幾件事，會給人耳目一新之感。答案：略

第四篇：2013合肥小學美術考編真題

2012年合肥市中小學美術考編試題（備選試卷一）

1．美術課程教學評價的主要目標是。

A.促進學生發(fā)展 B.促進教師發(fā)展 C．選拔人才 D.修滿學分

2．美術課程以對 的感知、理解和創(chuàng)造為特征。

A．美術現(xiàn)象 B．抽象思維 C．形象思維 D．視覺形象

3．美術課程是學校進行 的主要途徑。

A．藝術教育 B．技能教育 C．美育 D.人文教育

4．《美術課程標準》中，義務教育階段美術學科共分為 學段。

A．3個 B．4個 C.5個 D.不分

5．師德修養(yǎng)的靈魂是。

A．教書育人 B．愛崗敬業(yè) C．關愛學生 D．為人師表

6．學生在美術學習中積累視覺、觸覺和其他感官的經(jīng)驗，發(fā)展感知能力，形象思維能力、表達和交流能力。體現(xiàn)了美術課程的 性質(zhì)。

A．人文性 B．實踐性 C．視覺性 D．愉悅性

7．新課標指出：中小學校圖書館應配備的其他美術資源是

A．多媒體、幻燈片 B．電視機、移動硬盤

C．DVD放映機、光盤 D．光盤、幻燈片

8． 是一種用來記錄學生整個美術成長過程的資料夾。

A．美術學習分數(shù) B．美術學習記錄

C．美術學習評價 D．美術學習檔案袋

9．美術學習活動大致可分為創(chuàng)作和 兩類。

A．欣賞 B．評述 C．繪畫 D．設計

“感受各種材料的特征，根據(jù)意圖選擇媒材，合理使用工具和制作方法?！边@屬于

學習領域的內(nèi)容。

A.造型·表現(xiàn) B.設計·應用

C．欣賞·評述 D.綜合·探索

11．《美術課程標準》中各學習領域分別由目標、和評價要點三部分組成。

A.教學建議 B.學習活動建議 C.活動建議 D.教學實施建議

美術學習特別重視對學生 的培養(yǎng)，采用多種方法，幫助學生學會運用美術的方法，將創(chuàng)意轉化為具體成果。

A.個性與創(chuàng)新精神 B.個性與耐性 C.創(chuàng)造力 D.學生興趣

13.關于教學方法有以下的描述，你認為不正確的一項是

A.教學方法是教師對教學認識與實踐經(jīng)驗總結的產(chǎn)物

B.教學方法對實現(xiàn)教學目標有重要的作用

C.教學方法是完成美術教學任務教師在教學中采用的教授方法

D.教學方法一旦形成便具有相對的獨立性

14．高中美術課程標準書法學習內(nèi)容包含以下五種書體的學習是。

A.篆書、隸書、魏書、楷書、行書 B.隸書、楷書、行書、行楷、草書

C.篆書、隸書、楷書、行書、草書 D.楷書、行楷、隸書、魏書、篆書

15．不屬于三到四年級“造型·表現(xiàn)”階段性目標要求的一項是。

A．初步認識線條、形狀、色彩與肌理等造型元素

B．學會使用各種工具，體驗不同媒材的效果

C．通過觀察、繪畫、制作等方法表現(xiàn)所見所聞、所感所想

D．發(fā)展美術構思與創(chuàng)作的能力，表達思想與情感

16．在美術教學中，教師要為學生提供 等多樣化的學習方式。

A．自主探索 B．合作交流 C．操作實踐 D．以上都是

17．新課改整體設計九年一貫的義務教育課程，在初中階段設置是。

A．以綜合課程為主 B．以分科課程為主

C．分科與綜合相結合的課程 D．分科課程為主，綜合課程為輔的課程

18．高中美術課程標準中現(xiàn)代媒體藝術系列包括的學習內(nèi)容是。

A．新媒體藝術和攝影攝像 B．電腦繪畫與設計和動畫設計與創(chuàng)作

C．攝影攝像和平面繪畫與設計 D．攝影攝像和電腦繪畫與設計

19.新課程的核心理念是。

A．為了每一個學生的發(fā)展 B．更好地提高學生成績

C．滿足社會、家長提高升學率的需求 D．提高每一位教師的教學水平

20．義務教育階段“造型·表現(xiàn)”學習領域延續(xù)到高中課程標準后變?yōu)槟膫€內(nèi)容系列。

A．現(xiàn)代媒體藝術 B．繪畫·雕塑

C．設計·工藝 D．書法·篆刻

2l.義務教育課程標準應適應普及及義務教育的要求，讓 經(jīng)過努力都能夠達到，體現(xiàn)國家對公民素質(zhì)的基本要求，著眼于培養(yǎng)學生終身學習的愿望和能力。

A．少部分學生 B．絕大多數(shù)學生

C．所有學生 D．學困生

教材改革應有利于引導學生利用已有的知識與經(jīng)驗，主動探索知識的發(fā)生與發(fā)展，同時也

有利于。

教師傳授知識的便利 B．學生與老師的互動

C．學生綜合素質(zhì)的發(fā)展 D．教師創(chuàng)造性地進行教學

23.是引導學生認識發(fā)展、人格構建的一種范例，是教師與學生溝通的橋梁。

A．教學參考書 B．教材 C．教法 D．教學目標

24.不屬于基礎教育課程改革的具體目標的是：

A．改變課程實施過程中過于強調(diào)接受學習、死記硬背、機械訓練的現(xiàn)狀

B．改變課程評價過分強調(diào)甄別與選拔的功能

C．強調(diào)形成積極主動的學習態(tài)度，發(fā)揮學生自主學習及實踐能力

D．加強課程內(nèi)容與學生生活以及現(xiàn)代社會和科技發(fā)展的聯(lián)系

25．新課程標準中初中美術定為第 學段.A．第一學段 B．第一學段

C．第三學段 D．第四學段

26．課程改革要求：改變課程過于注重知識傳授的傾向，強調(diào)形成，使獲得基礎知識與基本技能的過程同時成為學會學習和形成正確價值觀的過程。

A．積極主動的學習態(tài)度 B．自學的學習方法

C．互幫互助的學習形式 D．積極向上的價值觀

美術課程總目標按照“ ”“過程與方法”、“情感態(tài)度和價值觀”三個維度來設 定。

A.知識與能力 B.知識與技能 C.創(chuàng)新與技能 D.創(chuàng)新與知識

28．新課程實施中，積極探索有效的教學方法，要明確 的教學設計的指導思想。

A．教師為主體 B．以學生為本 C．教師和學生互動 D．學生自學

29．對美術學習表現(xiàn)的評價可以采用 的方式，在學習過程中進行活在學習結束后進 行，并以適當?shù)姆绞较驅(qū)W生反饋評價的結果，以鼓勵多樣化的學習方式。

A．個人評價 B．小組評價

C．團體評價 D．個人、小組或團體評價

30.適合學生身心特征和美術學科特點的多種方法。

合作和創(chuàng)新 B．合作和發(fā)明 C．研究和探索 D．探索和發(fā)明

3l.是教材編寫、教學、評估和考試命題的依據(jù)，是國家管理和評價課程的基礎。

美術課程標準 B．國家課程標準 C．教學與評價建議 D．專家意見

為保障和促進課程對不同地區(qū)、學校、學生的要求，實行 三級課程管理。

A．國家、地方和學校 B．地方、學校和教師

C．國家、學校和學生 D．地方、學校和學生

33.新課程提倡通過 的整合，逐步實現(xiàn)教學內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)方式、學生學習方式和教學過程中師生互動方式的變革。

A．信息技術與學科課程 B．信息技術與學科技術

C．信息技術與學科內(nèi)容 D．信息技術與學習方式

34．新石器的繪畫藝術中仰韶文化中的_________類型的陶器多繪有魚紋圖案。

A．廟底溝 B．石嶺下 C．半坡 D．半山

35．《戈射收獲圖》是______時代__________

A．東漢 畫像石 B．東漢 畫像磚 C．秦朝 壁畫 D．秦朝 帛畫

36．花鳥禽獸畫在唐朝成為獨立的畫科并走上了成熟的階段，其中以畫牛著稱的畫家是_________，著有《五牛圖》

A．韓干 B．曹霸 C．韓滉 D．戴嵩

37．《萬壑松風圖》是南宋畫家__________的作品。

A．馬遠 B．李唐 C．劉松年 D．夏圭

38．中國宋代畫家_________提出了山水“三遠”，著有__________。

A．李成 《林泉高致》 B．郭若虛 《圖畫見聞志》

C．郭熙 《林泉高致》 D．鄧椿 《畫繼》

39．反映在日本帝國主義鐵蹄下飽受摧殘的中國人民苦難形象的中國畫是___________。

A.《起來，饑寒交迫的奴隸》 B.《流民圖》 C.《血衣》 D.《三毛流浪記》

40．山西永樂宮三清殿的壁畫__________，所繪人物神完氣足，千變?nèi)f化，描繪了氣勢磅礴的神仙行列。

A.《朝元仙仗圖》 B.《朝元圖》 C.《游春圖》 D.《純陽帝君仙游顯化圖》

41．吳門四家中以工筆重彩聞名的是_________

A．唐寅 B．沈周 C．文征明 D．仇英

42．唐三彩是一種流行于盛唐的陶器，以________三種顏色作為基本釉色

A．黃、綠、白 B．黃、綠、藍 C．藍、綠、紫 D．黃、白、藍

43．現(xiàn)存最大的木結構搭是________

A.山西佛宮寺釋迦塔 B.北京秒應寺白塔

C.河北開元寺料敵塔 D.天津獨樂寺觀音塔

44．透過_______大量的自畫像，可以看出畫家一生不凡的生活經(jīng)歷與思想感情的變化：年輕時的開朗樂觀、充滿自信；中年的成熟與剛毅；晚年的智慧、寬容、慈愛和孤獨。

A．哈爾斯 B．倫勃朗 C．魯本斯 D．維米爾

45．荷蘭小畫派的代表畫家_______是一位優(yōu)秀的風俗畫家，他的作品往往流露出一種清新寧靜的詩意，畫面不以情節(jié)感人，而以寧靜、安適的生活氣息與光線的微妙變化給人以美的享受。

A．維米爾 B．哈爾斯 C．霍赫 D．委拉斯貴支

46．古希臘古風時期建筑柱式已經(jīng)形成：______式和伊奧尼亞式。A．科林斯 B．圓柱 C．方柱 D．多利亞

47．佛羅倫薩三位藝術大師：建筑師魯內(nèi)萊斯基、雕塑家______和畫家馬薩喬的出現(xiàn)，標志著早期文藝復興的來臨。A．基布爾提 B．多納太羅 C．詹博洛尼亞 D．吉貝爾蒂

48．喬萬尼·貝利尼被認為是______畫派的創(chuàng)始人。A．佛羅倫薩 B．威尼斯 C．尼德蘭 D．楓丹白露

49．羅丹是_______國雕刻家,________是其著名代表作品之一。A.西班牙 《大衛(wèi)》 B.法國 《思想者》

C.德國 《巴爾扎克》 D.意大利 《思想者》

50．古希臘雕塑家菲狄亞斯著有_________，提出人體頭與身體的比例是1:7.A.《規(guī)則》 B.《法則》 C.《原則》 D.《守則》

51．青銅器上的銘文，在書法字體中屬于________

A．隸書 B．草書 C．楷書 D．篆書

52．變線是指與畫面成一定角度并彼此______的直線.A.相交 B.平行 C.相臨 D.垂直

53．成角兩個滅點都在視平線上，視平線以下的成角邊線_________消失。

A.向下 B.向上 C.向左 D.向右

54．龍在紫禁城內(nèi)是無所不在的形象，其中最具代表性的作品是寧壽宮______。

A.九龍戲珠 B.九龍圖 C.九龍壁 D.九龍杯

55．中國美術史淵源可追溯到石器時期，漢代以來，起先沒有卷軸畫，________是—個大門類，后來隨著紙張、毛筆、墨的改進，促成了卷軸畫發(fā)展。

A.壁畫 B.帛畫 C.磚畫 D.絹畫

56．能表現(xiàn)出人物頭部特征的是臉型、五官以及_______.A.發(fā)式 B.道具 C.手勢 Ｄ.眼神

57．美術字基本上可以分為黑體、宋體和_______.A.變體 B.隸體 C.紅體 D.漢體

58．剪紙可以分為窗花和_______兩類，我國剪紙有南北之分，南方細膩，北方粗獷。

A.樣花 B.鞋花 C.套花 D.門花

59．用渲染的方法，將兩個在一個范圍的顏色用清水銜接起來，產(chǎn)生自然效果的方法叫________.A.渲染 B.罩染 C.接染 D.暈染

60．五臺山佛光寺正殿，是_______重要的建筑實物。

A.漢代 B.北魏 C.唐代 D.宋代

第二部分 主觀題

簡答題（每小題4分，共12分)

1．美術課程標準的基本理念有哪些?

2．簡述美術課程標準中對評價方式的建議？

3．倫勃朗的藝術特色和藝術成就是什么?

二、論述題（每小題8分，共16分)

1．論述教師職業(yè)角色的多樣化。

2．試述顧愷之的時代、生平、以及重要傳世繪畫作品藝術成就和它在理論方面貢獻。

三、案例分析題(12分)

以下是人教版實驗教材《小動物蓋房子》教學片段，請仔細閱讀并回答問題。

1．授課對象：一年級學生

2．教學目標：選用不同的材料，通過各種方法進行房子的造型設計與制作，培養(yǎng)學生的動手能力，體驗造型活動的樂趣。

3．教學活動片段：

(1)故事導入。師：同學們，你們喜歡聽故事嗎？今天老師給你們講一個非常有趣的童話故事，不過，老師有一個小小的要求，同學們聽故事的時候一邊聽，一遍想，好嗎？那故事開始，一只小兔子的房子倒了，冬天就來了，小兔子很冷，其他小動物看它可憐，要幫助它蓋房子，那要怎么蓋呢？我們來學習新課——《小動物蓋房子》

(2)互動交流。師：我們也幫小白兔建座房子怎么樣??？要怎樣蓋房子呢？請同學們分四組 討論，等會選帶表說出步驟。

討論后，學生總結：首先了解房子結構，再研究材料??

在老師的引導下，學生踴躍的發(fā)表自己的看法。

在教師的示范下，帶領學生制作一個簡易的小白兔的房子，學生對于建房子的步驟有了清晰的認識。

(3)練習作業(yè)：每個學生選用自己喜歡的方式，構思設計制作與眾不同的房子，大膽創(chuàng)新。

(4)展示評價。組織學生分小組進行欣賞評價，讓學生自由欣賞其他同學作品，引導學生進行自評、互評。各組推薦優(yōu)秀的作品上臺，集體評價，評價出“十佳優(yōu)秀設計師”。最后教師進行總體評價，及時鼓勵每個有進步的學生。

問題：

l．你認為此教學片斷中教師是否為學生創(chuàng)設了學習情境?情境的創(chuàng)設是否有助于學生學習目標的達成?(4分)

2．分析教師示范這個教學環(huán)節(jié)的目的，并說說美術課堂中教學示范的作用。(4分)

3．你認為該教學片段中的評價方式是否合適?為什么?

第五篇：2014四城區(qū)考編真題(幼兒園)

一、名詞解釋

1、兒童觀（3分）

2、幼兒園保育（3分）

3、學習品質(zhì)（4分）

二、選擇題（2*10）

1、中國（上海）自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)于29日10時舉行掛牌儀式，中國（上海）自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)正式成立

2、中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八屆中央委員會第三次全體會議審議通過了《中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》。全會指出，經(jīng)濟體制改革是全面深化改革的重點，核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關系，使市場在資源配置中起（決定性作用）和更好發(fā)揮政府作用。

3、南京有個半山園，是為了紀念誰？他還有首詩“春風又綠江南岸，明月何時照我還”（王安石）

4、南京紫金山天文臺有很多天文儀器，用來計時的是（日晷）（選項里面有個圭表，很多人覺得“表”肯定與時間有關，結果選錯了）

5、根據(jù)一段文字推測其教育意義，很長但是很簡單，不寫了

6、孩子腳扭傷怎么辦？（先冷敷，一天后熱敷）（容易錯的選項是冷敷后揉捏）

7、有四首歌，根據(jù)歌曲創(chuàng)作的時間先后排序（走向復興、在希望的田野上、走進新時代、歌唱祖國）

8、第一個創(chuàng)辦幼兒園的是（福祿貝爾）

9、皮亞杰的認知發(fā)展四階段是（感知，前，具體，形式運算階段）

10、我國的根本政治制度（人民代表大會制度）

三．判斷（1*10）

1、晝夜產(chǎn)生是由于地球公轉（錯）

2、小強得了腮腺炎，教師讓他回家，教師侵犯了他的受教育權(錯)

3、國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要的義務教育階段戰(zhàn)略性任務是均衡發(fā)展（對）

4、學前教育屬于義務教育階段（錯）

5、新課改的評價由內(nèi)部評價變?yōu)橥獠吭u價，注重終端評價（錯）

6、幼兒園五大領域是語言，社會，藝術，數(shù)學，健康（錯）7、8、9、10、（都很簡單）

四、問答

1、簡述多元智能理論及其教育啟示（6分）

2.環(huán)境是重要的教育資源，教師如何通過環(huán)境的創(chuàng)設和利用，促進幼兒發(fā)展（綱要36頁原題）（6分）

3、有的幼兒做錯事卻不愿意承認，容易把現(xiàn)實和假象混淆，作為幼兒老師請?zhí)岢鼋逃呗?。?分）