第一篇：北京大學(xué)版博士生綜合英語(yǔ)詞匯教案unit6

Unit Six Death and Justice

New Words and Expressions:

1.clemency: n [U](fml 文)1 mildness(esp of weather)溫和（尤指天氣）.2 mercy(esp when punishing sb)仁慈（尤指懲罰某人時(shí)）: He appealed to the judge for clemency.他乞求法官開(kāi)恩.2.aggravate: v [Tn] 1 make(a disease, a situation, an offence, etc)worse or more serious 使（疾病, 情況, 罪過(guò)等）惡化, 更壞, 加重, 加劇: He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon.他因過(guò)早出院而使病情惡化.2(infml 口)irritate(sb);annoy 激怒;惹惱: He aggravates her just by looking at her.他只是看著她就把她惹惱了.3.mutilate: v [Tn] injure, damage or disfigure(sb/sth)by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part（折斷、撕去、割掉某部分）使（某人[某事物]）損傷, 殘缺, 外形損毀: The invaders cut off their prisoners' arms and legs and threw their mutilated bodies into the ditch.侵略者把俘虜?shù)乃闹车? 然後把殘缺不全的軀體扔進(jìn)溝里.* A madman mutilated the painting by cutting holes in it.有個(gè)瘋子破壞了那幅畫(huà), 在上面捅了許多窟窿.*(fig 比喻)The editor mutilated my text by removing whole paragraphs from it.那編輯把我的文稿整段整段刪掉, 弄得面目全非.4.reverence: n 1 [U] ~(for sb/sth)feeling of deep respect or(esp religious)veneration尊敬;（尤指宗教的）崇敬: He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.他脫下帽子表示敬意.* He felt/had/showed great reverence for Leonardo.他非常崇拜列奧納多.5.heinous: adj very wicked 極兇惡的:a heinous crime, criminal 十惡不赦的罪行、罪犯.6.reprehensible：adj(fml 文)deserving to be reprehended 應(yīng)受指責(zé)的: Your conduct/attitude is most reprehensible.你的行為[態(tài)度]的確應(yīng)該受到批評(píng).? reprehend: v [Tn](fml 文)criticize or rebuke(sb or sb's behaviour)批評(píng)或指責(zé)（某人或某人的行為）.7.barbaric: adj(often derog 常作貶義)of or like

barbarians;extremely wild, rough, cruel or rude 野蠻人的;野蠻的;極其粗野、粗魯、殘忍或殘暴的: barbaric splendour, cruelty, taste 野蠻人的奇觀、殘忍、趣味.8.gallows:(also the gallows)n(pl unchanged;usu sing

with sing v 復(fù)數(shù)不變, 通常作單數(shù),與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 絞架: to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上絞架（處死）.9.hygienic: adj free from germs that cause disease;clean

衛(wèi)生的;清潔的: hygienic conditions 衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境.> hygiene: n [U] study and practice of cleanliness as a way of maintaining good health and preventing disease 衛(wèi)生（學(xué)）: Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene.要經(jīng)常洗澡以保證個(gè)人衛(wèi)生.* In the interests of hygiene, please do not smoke in this shop.請(qǐng)勿在本店吸煙以利健康.10.chemotherapy: n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and

other chemical substances 化學(xué)療法.11.flagrant: adj(usu of an aciton)particularly bad，shocking and obvious（通常指行為）極壞的, 駭人聽(tīng)聞的, 公然的: a flagrant breach of justice 公然違反公正原則 * flagrant violations of human rights 對(duì)人權(quán)的粗暴踐踏.12.homicide: n 1 [U] killing of one person by another 殺人:

be accused of homicide 被控犯有殺人罪.2 [C] person who kills another 殺人者.13.implacable: adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不

能變動(dòng)的;無(wú)法平息或安撫的: implacable hatred, fury, opposition 無(wú)法消解的仇恨、憤怒、對(duì)立 * an implacable enemy, rival, etc 勢(shì)不兩立的敵人、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手等.14.foe: n(fml or dated 文或舊)enemy 敵人

15.chaplain: n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school，prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces（學(xué)校、監(jiān)獄、軍隊(duì)等的）教士: an army chaplain 隨軍教士.16.strangle: v 1 [Tn] kill(sb)by squeezing or gripping the

throat tightly;throttle 扼死, 勒死, 絞死, 掐死（某人）;使窒息: He strangled her with her own scarf.他用她的圍巾把她勒死了.*(infml 口)I could cheerfully strangle you for getting me into this mess!你讓我這樣難堪, 我恨不得掐死你!*(fig 比喻)This stiff collar is strangling me, ie making it difficult for me tobreathe.這硬領(lǐng)把我的脖子卡得喘不過(guò)氣來(lái).2(a)[Tn]restrict or prevent the proper growth, operation or development of(sth)限制或阻止（某事物）的正常生長(zhǎng)、操作或發(fā)展: She felt her creativity was being strangled.她覺(jué)得她的創(chuàng)造力難以發(fā)揮.(b)[Tn usu passive 通常用於被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)] restrict the utterance of(sth)限制（某事物）的發(fā)聲: a strangled(ie partly suppressed)cry 哽咽.17.penitentiary: n(US)federalor state prison for people who have committed serious crimes（聯(lián)邦或州的）監(jiān)獄

18.median: adj(mathematics 數(shù))situated in or passing through the middle 在中間的;通過(guò)中點(diǎn)的: a median point, line, value 中點(diǎn)、中線、中值.19.sophistic: adj of or relating to sophists or sophistry;consisting of sophisms or sophistry;specious詭辯的，巧辯的 ? sophism: n [C, U](fml 文)(use of)such arguments 詭辯;詭辯之辭

20.proscribe: v [Tn](fml 文)1 state officially that(sth)is dangerous or forbidden 正式宣布（某事物）有危險(xiǎn)或被禁止: The sale of narcotics is proscribed by law.法律禁止販賣毒品.2(formerly)place(sb)outside the protection of the law;outlaw（舊時(shí)）剝奪對(duì)（某人）的法律保護(hù), 使失去法律保障.21.biblical: adj of or in the Bible 圣經(jīng)的;圣經(jīng)中的: a biblical theme, expression 有關(guān)圣經(jīng)的題目、言辭 * biblical times, language 圣經(jīng)的時(shí)代、語(yǔ)言

22.vindicate: v [Tn](fml 文)1 clear(sb/sth)of blame or suspicion 澄清（某人[某事物]）受到的責(zé)難或嫌疑: The report fully vindicated the unions.這份報(bào)告充分說(shuō)明工會(huì)是正確的.* I consider that I've been completely vindicated.我認(rèn)為已經(jīng)證實(shí)了我完全無(wú)辜.2 show or prove the truth, justice, validity, etc(of sth that has been disputed)表明或證明（所爭(zhēng)辯的事物）屬實(shí)、正當(dāng)、有效等: Subsequent events vindicated his suspicions.後來(lái)的事實(shí)表明他的懷疑有道理.* Her claim to the title was vindicated by historians.她說(shuō)她有權(quán)得到這一頭銜, 歷史學(xué)家證明此事屬實(shí).23.ambivalent: adj having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation 對(duì)某物, 某人或某境況具有或顯示矛盾情感的: an ambivalent attitude towards one's best friend's wife 對(duì)至友的妻子有矛盾的心態(tài)

24.endorse: v [Tn] 1 write one's name on the back of(esp a

cheque)在（尤指支票）的背面簽字;背書(shū).2(a)write comments, etc in or on the back of(a document)在（文件）的背面寫(xiě)評(píng)論;批注（公文）.(b)(Brit)record details of a motoring offence in(a driving licence)在（駕駛執(zhí)照上）記錄違章事項(xiàng): He's had his licence

endorsed for dangerous driving.他的駕駛執(zhí)照上載有危險(xiǎn)駕駛記錄.3 give one's(official)approval or

support to(a claim, statement, etc)（正式）贊同或支持（某要求、言論等）: I am afraid I can't endorse your opinion of the government's record.很抱歉, 你對(duì)政府功過(guò)的看法本人不敢茍同.4 say in an advertisement

that one uses and approves of(a product)在廣告上說(shuō)本人使用并贊許（某產(chǎn)品）: Well-known sportsmen can

earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment.著名運(yùn)動(dòng)員在廣告

中替廠家宣傳運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝和器械, 可獲得巨額報(bào)酬.25.state-sanctioned: 政府或國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)的

? sanction: n 1 [U] permission or approval for an action, a change, etc（對(duì)某種行動(dòng)、變化等的）認(rèn)可, 批準(zhǔn): The book was translated without the

sanction of the author.這本書(shū)未經(jīng)作者許可就給翻譯了.* The government gave its sanction to what the Minister had done.政府對(duì)這位部長(zhǎng)的做法均已認(rèn)可.* These measures have the sanction of

tradition, ie seem justified because they have often been taken before.這些措施已約定俗成.2 [C]

reason that stops people disobeying laws, rules, etc 使人們不違背法律、規(guī)定等的因素或約束力: Is

prison the best sanction against a crime like this? 為遏止這類罪行, 監(jiān)禁手段是否是上策? * The fear of ridicule is a very effective sanction.人們不

做違法亂紀(jì)的事, 其中一個(gè)重要因素就是怕人恥笑.3 measure taken to force a country to obey international law（迫使某國(guó)服從國(guó)際法的）處罰措施, 制裁: apply economic sanctions against a repressive regime 對(duì)一壓制人民的政體實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁.26.extortion: n 1 [U] action of extorting 強(qiáng)奪;強(qiáng)搶;勒索;敲詐: obtain money by extortion 勒索金錢(qián).2 [C] instance of this 強(qiáng)奪;強(qiáng)搶;勒索;敲詐.? extort: v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(from sb)obtain sth by violence, threats, etc 強(qiáng)奪;強(qiáng)搶;勒索;敲詐:

extort money from sb 勒索某人的金錢(qián) * The

police used torture to extort a confession from him.警方對(duì)他嚴(yán)刑逼供.27.cowardice: n [U](derog 貶)feelings or behaviour of a coward;fearfulness 膽小;怯懦: a battle lost owing to the troops' cowardice 由於部隊(duì)畏縮不前而招致的戰(zhàn)斗失利 * abject cowardice 可鄙的怯懦行為.? coward: n(derog 貶)person who lacks courage;person who runs away from danger 膽小鬼;懦夫: You miserable coward!你這可憐的膽小鬼!* I'm a terrible coward when it comes to dealing with sick people, ie It scares me and I avoid it.我一和病人打交道就提心吊膽.? cowardly: adj(derog 貶)lacking courage;of or like a coward 膽小的;怯懦的;（似）膽小鬼的: cowardly lies, behaviour, actions 怯懦的謊言、行為、舉動(dòng) * It was cowardly of you not to admit your mistake.你不承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤就不是好樣兒的.28.equate: v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(to/with sth)consider sth as equal or equivalent(to sth else)認(rèn)為某事物（與另一事物）相等或相仿: You can't equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany.不能把英國(guó)教育制度與德國(guó)教育制度等同起來(lái).* He equates poverty with misery.他認(rèn)為貧窮就是不幸.29.paramount: adj(fml 文)having the greatest importance or significance;supreme最重要的;最重大的;至上的: This matter is of paramountimportance.此事至關(guān)重大.* The reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government's economic policy.降低失業(yè)率應(yīng)是政府經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的頭等大事.

第二篇：Unit6教案

Period Three(Section A 3a---3c)Knowledge and skill：

1.Master the key words and expression:

object, magic, stick, hide, tail, turn…into, excite, western

2.Learn to tell stories.3.Develop students’ reading and comprehensive skills.Processes and method: Employ task-based teaching mode,and get the students to learn language points by reading drilling.Emotion ,attitude and value：

Arise students’ interest in legends.Difficulties and focus: Master the key words and expressions.Learn how to tell stories

Develop students’ comprehensive skills.Step 1 Revision Let some Ss tell the story of Yu Gong moves a mountain.Step 2 New words 1.Look at the pictures and learn about the new words.1.object n.物體 2.tail n.尾巴 3.stick n.棍；條 4.excite v.使激動(dòng)；使興奮 5.western adj.西方的

Step 3 Warming-up 1.Look at the pictures and answer the questions.1.Who are they? 2.In which book are they the main characters? 3.Which character do you like best? Keys: 1.They’re Zhu Bajie, Su Wukong, Sha Heshang and Tang Seng.2.Journey to the West.3.I like Monkey King best.4 Watch a video about the Monkey King.Step 4 Reading Work on 3a: 1.Tell Ss to read the article in 3a quickly and try to find the answers to the questions: ① Which book is talked about? ② Who is the main character? ③ What is he like? Ss read the article quickly and try to answer the questions: 2.The Monkey King.3.He is not just any normal monkey.In fact, he sometimes does not even look like a monkey!Work on 3b: What he can do: ① He can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects ② He can make his magic stick small or large.What he can’t do:

Unless he can hide his tail, he can’t turn himself into a person.Step 5 Careful Reading 1.Read the passage again and judge the sentences below True or False.1.Most pupils in England watch the TV program called Monkey in 1979 for the first time.2.Journey to the West is a new Chinese book.It’s new to Chinese children 3.Monkey King is just a normal monkey.4.Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size.5.If the Monkey King can hide his tail, he can turn himself into a person.6.The Monkey King uses a magic stick to fight the bad people.7.The Monkey King’s magic stick is so long that he can’t hide it in his ear.8.Western children like to read this book because the Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never give up.Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: T 5: T 6: T 7: F 8: T Work on 3c Let students complete the sentences with phrases from the passage.Check the answers。

Keys: 1.traditional 2.came out, became interested in 3.make 72 changes, turn himself into 4.is able to Step 6 Language points 1.…turning himself into different animals and objects.turn…into… 變成

e.g.I have a dream that I've turned into an elephant.我夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己變成了大象。2.But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person.unless conj.如果不；除非。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，=if…not。e.g.Unless I do, we’ll be lost.如果我不這樣做, 我們會(huì)迷路的。hide v.隱藏；隱蔽。(hide-hid-hidden)e.g.Where did you hide the money? 你把錢(qián)藏哪里了？

I hid the broken plate behind the table.我把打碎的盤(pán)子藏在餐桌后面了。3.…the Monkey King uses a magic stick.magic adj.有魔力的；有神奇力量的

e.g.All the people heard of the magic carpet.所有人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)魔毯的故事。Step7 Exercises Ⅰ.Choose the correct words.magic, birth, hide, tail, turn…into, western 1.Four years later, Laura gave _____ to a son.2.They want to _____ the old house into a hotel.3.England lies to the _______ part of Europe.4.She broke her _______ mirror into pieces.5.Dogs wag their_____ when they’re pleased.6.Don’t ______behind the door.It’s not safe.Keys: birth, turn, western, magic, tails, hide Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.A neighbor ______(call)Tony, helped me repair my fence yesterday.2.The Monkey King can make 72________(change)to his shape and size.3.His uncle isn’t interested in _________(play)chess at all.4.The two boys kept ________(skate)for one hour.5.No one _______(be)able to answer him at that time.Keys: called, changes, playing, skating, was Homework Make sentences with these words.be able to;make 72 changes, turn…into;so…that;came out;become interested in;keep doing sth.Board Design

Which book is talked about? Who is the main character/ What is he like?

Step8教學(xué)反思

本課時(shí)是閱讀課，旨在通讀文本閱讀，教學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)講故事，在了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)神話故事的同時(shí)，提高閱讀領(lǐng)悟能力。由于話題是學(xué)生熟悉且喜歡的孫悟空，所以同學(xué)們表現(xiàn)了極高的學(xué)習(xí)熱情，都能積極地發(fā)言，踴躍參與活動(dòng)，很好地完成本節(jié)課的任務(wù)，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的教學(xué)目標(biāo)，并且培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀的習(xí)慣。

第三篇：北京大學(xué)2001年博士生入學(xué)考試試題全

北京大學(xué)2001年博士生入學(xué)考試試題

2001年博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

考試科目：科學(xué)哲學(xué)（含技術(shù)哲學(xué)）

招生專業(yè)：科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)

研究方向：科學(xué)哲學(xué)與技術(shù)哲學(xué)

指導(dǎo)教師：吳國(guó)盛

如下3題任選2題（每題25分）：

1，試論波普科學(xué)哲學(xué)與邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義科學(xué)哲學(xué)的聯(lián)系和分歧。

2，試論庫(kù)恩的常規(guī)科學(xué)。

3，拉卡托斯（I.Lakatos）如何批評(píng)并且維護(hù)波普（Karl R.Popper）？

如下3題任選2題（每題25分）：

1，按照海德格爾，笛卡兒的“我思”與近代科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)化之間有一種什么樣的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系？ 2，胡塞爾認(rèn)為科學(xué)的危機(jī)表現(xiàn)為科學(xué)喪失生活意義。在他看來(lái)，近代科學(xué)是怎樣喪失生活意義的？

3，談?wù)劇芭d趣”如何制約“認(rèn)識(shí)”。

考試科目：科學(xué)思想史（含自然哲學(xué)）

招生專業(yè)：科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)

研究方向：自然哲學(xué)與科學(xué)思想史

指導(dǎo)教師：吳國(guó)盛

如下4題任選3題（每題25分）：

1，試論機(jī)械自然觀與近代心物二元論的關(guān)系。

2，柏拉圖在《蒂邁歐篇》中如何論證宇宙是一個(gè)球體？給出你的評(píng)論。3，試評(píng)述亞里士多德關(guān)于宇宙有限性的論證。

4，伯特如何說(shuō)明認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題會(huì)成為近代哲學(xué)的核心問(wèn)題？試作評(píng)論。

如下2題任選1題（每題25分）：

1，I.B.科恩在《牛頓革命》一書(shū)中提出，構(gòu)成牛頓革命之基本特征的是“牛頓風(fēng)格”。請(qǐng)闡明科恩所謂的“牛頓風(fēng)格”，并以科學(xué)史上的一個(gè)案例來(lái)說(shuō)明“牛頓風(fēng)格”對(duì)后世科學(xué)發(fā)展的巨大影響。

2，達(dá)爾文的理論提出后，面臨的主要科學(xué)難題是什么，這些難題后來(lái)是怎么解決的？

考試科目：中國(guó)哲學(xué)史

招生專業(yè)：非中哲專業(yè)

（共四題，每題25分）

一、孟子人性論及其論證

二、張載的氣一元論

三、羅欽順的心性論

四、方以智哲學(xué)中的辨證思想

考試科目：西方哲學(xué)史

招生專業(yè)：非西哲專業(yè)

一、名詞解釋（每個(gè)詞5分，共20分）：

1、靈魂助產(chǎn)術(shù)；

3、（斯賓諾莎講的）實(shí)體；

2、唯名論；

4、休謨講的兩種知識(shí)。

二、闡述題（任選4題，每題20分，共80分）：

1、舉例說(shuō)明畢達(dá)哥拉斯關(guān)于“數(shù)”的學(xué)說(shuō)如何體現(xiàn)出“對(duì)立”與“和諧”的原則。

2、芝諾反對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的論證是否合理？為什么？

3、亞里士多德如何看待德性？分析他的德性觀與他的自然觀的關(guān)系。

4、介紹并討論笛卡兒的“我思故我在”。

5、黑格爾如何批判地吸收康德的思想？

考試科目：倫理學(xué)原理

招生專業(yè)：倫理學(xué)

指導(dǎo)教師：何懷宏

1、試述元倫理學(xué)、規(guī)范倫理學(xué)與德性倫理學(xué)的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系（40分）

2、試論道德判斷的根據(jù)以及義務(wù)論與目的論的分野（60分）

考試科目：宗教學(xué)原理

招生專業(yè)：宗教學(xué)

指導(dǎo)教師：張志剛

研究方向：宗教學(xué)原理和宗教哲學(xué)

論述題（每題25分，共100分）

1、試述宗教學(xué)創(chuàng)始人的方法論觀念。

2、試評(píng)康德對(duì)“宗教的本質(zhì)”的看法。

3、試評(píng)希克的宗教多元論觀點(diǎn)。

4、結(jié)合某種有影響的理論，談?wù)勀銓?duì)宗教與文化關(guān)系問(wèn)題的見(jiàn)解。

考試科目：佛教哲學(xué)

招生專業(yè)：宗教學(xué)（姚衛(wèi)群）

研究方向：佛教哲學(xué)與印度宗教哲學(xué)

試題（在以下論述題中任選其中五題，每題20分，共100分）：

一、原始佛教對(duì)人生現(xiàn)象的基本分析。

二、早期大乘經(jīng)的主要種類和基本思想。

三、中觀派與瑜伽行派在“空”觀念上的同與異。

四、僧肇對(duì)般若思想在中國(guó)傳播所起的作用。

五、道生的佛性觀念。

六、禪宗基本思想與印度佛典的關(guān)聯(lián)。

考試科目：西方哲學(xué)

招生專業(yè)：外國(guó)哲學(xué)

回答下列問(wèn)題（每題20分，總分100分）

一、亞里士多德的形而上學(xué)與邏輯學(xué)有何聯(lián)系？

二、試以?shī)W古斯丁或以安瑟爾謨或以托馬斯的有關(guān)論述（三者選一即可）為例，說(shuō)明信仰與理性關(guān)系問(wèn)題在中世紀(jì)哲學(xué)中的地位。

三、翻譯下面一段話，并說(shuō)明它在西方形而上學(xué)史上的意義。

“Being” is obviously not a real predicate;that is, it is not a concept of something which could be added to the concept of a thing.It is merely the positing of a thing, or of certain determinations, as existing in themselves.Logically, it is merely the copula of a judgment.The proposition, “God is omnipotent,” contains two cconcepts, each of which has its object-God and omnipotence.The small word “is” adds no new predicate, but only serves to posit the predicate in its relation to the subject.If, now, we take the subject(God)with all its predicates(among which is omnipotence), and say “God is,” or “There is a God,” We attach no new predicate to the concept of God, but only posit the subject in itself with all its predicates, and indeed posit it as being an object that stands in relation to my concept.四、奎因是如何批評(píng)邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的？

五、試從本體論、意識(shí)觀和倫理觀等角度綜合論述薩特的自由理論。

考試科目：中國(guó)哲學(xué)和中國(guó)美學(xué)（大陸）

招生專業(yè)：中國(guó)美學(xué)史

第5題必做，其他4題任選3題，每題25分

1、試析儒家美學(xué)的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值。

2、試析《樂(lè)記》“和”的美學(xué)思想。

3、從美學(xué)的角度分析禪宗頓悟?qū)W說(shuō)的理論價(jià)值。

4、宗白華意境論述評(píng)。

5、闡述下面這段文字的美學(xué)內(nèi)涵：

圣人含道應(yīng)物，賢者澄懷味像。至于山水，質(zhì)有而趣靈。是以軒轅、堯、孔、廣成、大隗、許由、孤竹之流，必有崆峒、具茨、藐姑、箕、首、大蒙之游焉，又稱仁智之樂(lè)焉。夫圣人以神法道而賢者通，山水以形媚道而仁者樂(lè)，不亦幾乎！

余眷戀?gòu)]、衡，契闊荊、巫，不知老之將至，愧不能凝氣怡身，傷跕石門(mén)之流，于是畫(huà)象布色，構(gòu)茲云嶺。

夫理絕于中古之上者，可意求于千載之下，旨微于言象之外者，可心取于書(shū)策之內(nèi)，況乎身所盤(pán)桓，目所綢繆，以形寫(xiě)形，以色貌色也。

且夫昆侖山之大，瞳子之小，迫目以寸，則其形莫睹；迥以數(shù)里，則可圍于寸眸。誠(chéng)由去之稍闊，則其見(jiàn)彌小。今張綃素以遠(yuǎn)映，則昆、閬之形，可圍于方寸之內(nèi)。豎劃三寸，當(dāng)千仞之高，橫墨數(shù)尺，體百里之遠(yuǎn)。是以觀畫(huà)圖者，徒患類之不巧，不以制小而累其似，此自然之勢(shì)。如是，則嵩華之秀，玄牝之靈，皆可得之于一圖矣。

夫以應(yīng)目會(huì)心為理者，類之成巧，則目亦同應(yīng)，心亦俱會(huì)，應(yīng)會(huì)感神，神超理得，雖復(fù)虛求

幽巖，何以加焉？又神本亡端，棲形感類，理入影跡，誠(chéng)能妙寫(xiě)，亦誠(chéng)盡矣。

于是閑居理氣，拂觴鳴琴，披圖幽對(duì)，坐究四荒，不違天勵(lì)之叢，獨(dú)應(yīng)無(wú)人之野，峰岫峣嶷，云林森眇，圣賢映于絕代，萬(wàn)趣融其神思，余復(fù)何為哉？暢神而已。神之所暢，孰有先焉?。铣巫诒懂?huà)山水序》）

附注：

1、跕（tīē）：小步走。

2、峣嶷（yāo yí）：形容山勢(shì)險(xiǎn)峻的樣子。

考試科目：西方哲學(xué)和西方美學(xué)試題（大陸）

招生專業(yè)：中國(guó)美學(xué)史

一、請(qǐng)概述古希臘摹仿說(shuō)的發(fā)展。

二、簡(jiǎn)述法國(guó)新古典主義的美學(xué)思想。

三、“崇高”作為一個(gè)美學(xué)范疇在西方經(jīng)歷怎樣的發(fā)展過(guò)程？

四、簡(jiǎn)論康德對(duì)席勒美育思想的影響。

五、簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)述克羅齊的美學(xué)思想體系。

以上五題選做四題，每題25分

考試科目：中國(guó)哲學(xué)史

招生專業(yè)：中哲（國(guó)內(nèi)）

導(dǎo)師；李中華

一、簡(jiǎn)論《易傳》與《老子》思想之異同（30分）

二、試論支遁與郭象對(duì)莊子逍遙義的不同解釋（30分）

三、簡(jiǎn)述先秦時(shí)期儒、道、法三家對(duì)春秋以來(lái)“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的評(píng)論與總結(jié)（40分）

考試科目：中國(guó)哲學(xué)史

招生專業(yè)：中國(guó)哲學(xué)（國(guó)內(nèi)）

導(dǎo)師：陳來(lái)

（共五題，任選四題每題25分）

一、荀子對(duì)先秦諸子的評(píng)論

二、張載的心性論

三、程顥的生之謂性說(shuō)

四、王畿的良知異見(jiàn)說(shuō)

五、康有為與譚嗣同“仁”思想之異同

考試科目：中國(guó)哲學(xué)史

招生專業(yè)：中哲

導(dǎo)師：魏常海

一、分析并比較《老子》與《莊子》對(duì)道、有、無(wú)的論述（25分）

二、解釋分析《壇經(jīng)》中的“三科法門(mén)”（25分）

三、論述并比較《大乘起信論》和《成唯識(shí)論》中的阿賴耶識(shí)（阿黎耶識(shí)）概念（25分）

四、論述分析《傳習(xí)錄》中的“四句”教說(shuō)（25分）

考試科目：現(xiàn)代中國(guó)哲學(xué)史

招生專業(yè)：中哲（胡軍）

研究方向：現(xiàn)代中國(guó)哲學(xué)

（共五題，每題20分）

一、評(píng)述胡適的實(shí)驗(yàn)主義方法論

二、談?wù)勀銓?duì)梁漱溟前期文化理論的看法

三、金岳霖共相理論的意義及評(píng)價(jià)

四、賀麟知行觀的內(nèi)容及意義

五、馮友蘭在中國(guó)哲學(xué)史研究方面的貢獻(xiàn)是什么

考試科目：馬克思主義哲學(xué)

招生專業(yè)：馬克思主義哲學(xué)

導(dǎo)師：王東、豐子義

一、結(jié)合我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界討論的情況，談?wù)勀銓?duì)馬克思主義哲學(xué)實(shí)質(zhì)的理解。（25分）

二、試論馬克思交往理論的主要內(nèi)容及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。（25分）

三、試述歷史唯物主義關(guān)于歷史決定論與主題選擇的相互關(guān)系。（25分）

四、試析“實(shí)事求是”與實(shí)用主義。（25分）

考試科目：一階邏輯

招生專業(yè)：邏輯學(xué)

研究方向：邏輯哲學(xué)

導(dǎo)師：陳波

一、（10分）求以下公式的合取范式和析取范式，并用合取范式判別其是否是重言式。

（1）（p→q）﹤─﹥(q→p).(2)(p→q∨r)→（p∧﹁q→r）

二、（20分）一個(gè)命題演算系統(tǒng)的公理是：

(1)A→A

(2)A→(B→A)

(3)(A→(B→C))→((A→B)→(A→C))

(4)(A→B)∧(A→C)→(A→B∧C)

推演規(guī)則是：

（1）從{A，A→B}推出B

（2）從{A，B}推出A∧B

證明：

（1）├ A→A∧（B→A）。

（3）如果?！葅A}├ B，則Γ├ A→B。

三、（10分）用謂詞邏輯的公式表達(dá)以下命題，聯(lián)結(jié)詞只允許用﹁和→，量詞只允許用∨。

（1）有學(xué)生喜歡所有的教師或每個(gè)教師都被某個(gè)學(xué)生不喜歡。

（2）任給實(shí)數(shù)x，y，如果x小于y，則存在有理數(shù)z，使得x 小于Z且Z小于y.四、（10分）用結(jié)構(gòu)歸納法構(gòu)造函數(shù)F，使得任給公式A，都有F(A)=A中聯(lián)結(jié)詞和量詞的集合。

五、（10分）討論以下公式中y，z對(duì)x是否代入自由，如果代入自由，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出代入后的公

式。

（1）?xP(x)→?y(P(y)→P(x)

(2)?z(R(x,y)∨P(y))→R(y,x)

六、（10分）證明：

?x(P(x)∨Q(x))→﹁(?x﹁P(x)∧?x﹁Q(x))

是可滿足的但不是普遍有效的。

七、（10分）證明：如果?xA是普遍有效的，則A也是普遍有效的。

八、（20分）Γ是公式集，如果從Γ├A得到A∈Γ，則稱Γ是推演封閉集。證明：如果Γ是推演封閉集，則以下兩條件等價(jià)：

（1）Γ是極大和諧集。

（2）任給公式A，﹁A∈Γ當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)AΓ。

第四篇：2015北京大學(xué)光學(xué)前沿博士生學(xué)術(shù)論壇征稿啟事

2015北京大學(xué)光學(xué)前沿博士生學(xué)術(shù)論壇征稿啟事

Posted by on 2015-05-25 17:52:56: 以光學(xué)學(xué)科研究培養(yǎng)為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，為了培養(yǎng)和造就一批適應(yīng)當(dāng)代光學(xué)和 光子學(xué)發(fā)展需求的高級(jí)人才，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生以更廣泛的學(xué)術(shù)視野開(kāi)展研究，適應(yīng)學(xué)術(shù)交流氛圍，提高創(chuàng)新能力和學(xué)術(shù)交流能力，將在北京 大學(xué)舉辦“光學(xué)前沿博士生學(xué)術(shù)論壇”。

論壇將于2015年7月26日至7月29日在北京召開(kāi)，王家騏院士將出席開(kāi)營(yíng)儀式并做報(bào)告 “敏捷對(duì)地觀察技術(shù)”。

論壇擬設(shè)定6個(gè)光學(xué)前沿討論方向： 超 快/非線性光學(xué)，納 米光子學(xué)，光 電功能材料和器件，分 子原子強(qiáng)場(chǎng)光物理，量 子光學(xué)以及生物光子學(xué)。

論壇學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)主要以 口頭學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告和墻報(bào)為主要形式，按上述擬定的6個(gè)前沿方向開(kāi)展學(xué)術(shù)討論。并擬安排在每個(gè)子論壇方向邀請(qǐng)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)知名學(xué)者進(jìn)行一次前沿報(bào)告。

鼓勵(lì)論壇期間參加 者訪問(wèn)光學(xué)學(xué)科相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，與老師和同學(xué)充分交流。

光學(xué)前沿博士生學(xué) 術(shù)論壇將由會(huì)議由北京大學(xué)主辦，北京大學(xué)物理學(xué)院介觀物理國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室光學(xué)學(xué)科承辦。我們熱忱歡迎光學(xué)及相關(guān)專業(yè)博士生參加。

（1）征 稿要求：

本次論壇投稿時(shí)間即日起到2015年7月6日，請(qǐng)各位申請(qǐng)者將摘要和報(bào)名表以word文檔格式，在投稿截止時(shí)間之前發(fā)送到郵箱optics_summerPHD@163.com，郵件主題為“光學(xué)暑期_姓名_學(xué)?！薄?具 體要求請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)http://004km.cn 微信公共號(hào)：pku_optics_PhD

第五篇：Unit6 Me教案

Unit6 Me Teaching aim: 1.To learn the letters and the story.2.The pupils can act out the story.3.Never give up and love our families.Teaching important: 1.Master the sentences.Teaching difficult: How to act out the story.Teaching tools: Multi-media, PPT ,cards and stickers.Teaching steps Step 1 Warm-up 1.Greetings.2.Sing an English song.3.Free talk.(Introduce themselves)Step 2 Presentation 1.Show them a cat Mimi, then ask “Mimi is not happy, why?” 2.Show them a video and lead them to answer “He can’t see his mum.”

3.‘Who does he see in the story?’Lead them answer ‘rabbit, dog, mouse and a cat.’ Then teach the sentences one by one by listen and repeat.4.Show them pictures ,then ask them to circle and say, lead them to fill in the blank.5.Show them videos of kangaroo and lion.Then lead them to make new stories.6.Listen and have a look , Mimi find his mum.Then lead them to say out the sentences “My ?Your?,too.” Step 3 Practice 1.Let’s chant.2.Listen and read follow the video.3.Say and act.4.Group work.Choose and act.5.Sing a song.(Mummy, Daddy)6.Read the sentence patterns on the blackboard.Step 4 Homework 1.Listen to and read unit 6.2.Act out the story.Unit 6 Me Are you my mum? Yes.No.My?is?/My?are?

Shen Xiaoyan