第一篇：高中英語主謂一致精講介紹

高中英語語法--主謂一致

概述：

1)語法形式上要一致,即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復數(shù)形式上一致

2)意義上要一致,即主語和謂語的一致關系取決于主語的單、復數(shù)意義.并列結構作主語時當意義為復數(shù)時謂語用復數(shù)

注意: 當主語由and連結時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞.The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is B.was C.are D.were 答案B.注:在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞.后面的職務用and 相連.這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應選B.主謂一致中的靠近原則

當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致.There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.總的來說，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…連接主語的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語動詞最靠近的那個主語來確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致

當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致.The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.謂語需用單數(shù)

1)代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語,或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù).Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2)當主語是一本書或一條格言時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.< The Arabian Night >是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書.3)表示金錢,時間.距離.價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù).(用復數(shù)也可,意思不變.)

4,all指人時,動詞用復數(shù);all指物時,動詞用單數(shù).例如: “All are present and all is going well.” 所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利

5,what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復數(shù).例如: What they want to get is the number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.6,and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如:

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.7,當主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引導的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.我父親和他同事曾去過北京.8,each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關.例如: They each have a bike.他們每人有一輛自行車.9,動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如: Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個好習慣.10,the following作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics結尾的學科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).以-s結尾的名詞news, works, plastics等同屬此類.例如: Politics is now taught in all schools.現(xiàn)在各學校都開設政治課.當以-ics結尾的學科名詞表示“學科”以外的意義時，用作復數(shù)，如：mathematics（運算能力）politics(政治觀點)economics（經濟意義）等

12,有些用來表示由兩個對應部分組成一體的名詞復數(shù)(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語時,前面若有“一條”,“一副”,“一把”之類的單位詞,動詞用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復數(shù),則謂語動詞用復數(shù).例如: The shoes are all right.這些鞋子都很合適.還有一些以-s結尾的名詞通常用復數(shù)：

arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等 13,“one and a half +名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如: One and a half apples is left on the table.桌子上有一個半蘋果.14,“One or two more +復數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙.15,“one of+復數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”結構中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數(shù);而在“the only one of +復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結構中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準時到達那里的學生之一.16,表示時間,距離,金錢等的復數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),但若強調數(shù)量,謂語動詞可用復數(shù).例如: One million dollars is a lot of money.一百萬美元是一大筆錢.以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題

英語可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題。

There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.但應注意,這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時表示復數(shù)概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為“單復同形型”中.2)單數(shù)型.這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類人或事物的全部包括在內,所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).這類名詞常見的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind.In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.3)復數(shù)型.這類集合名詞在形式和內容上是相互矛盾的,就是說它們只有單數(shù)形式,但表達的都是復數(shù)概念.它強調的是集體中的個體性.這類名詞有:police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等.它們作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數(shù).【例如】The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4)單復同形型.這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復數(shù).作主語時,用單數(shù)動詞或復數(shù)動詞均可,有時意義區(qū)別不大.【例如】The school teaching staff are(is)excellent.The public is(are)requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claim(s)to be badly paid.這類集合名詞常見的有:class, family, team, crew, board, herd, committee, party, jury, enemy, audience等.根據(jù)說話人的心理意向若把這個集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個整體,就認為是單數(shù),用單數(shù)動詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個個體的話,就認為其為復數(shù),用復數(shù)動詞.試比較: The football team is playing well.那個足球隊打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea.足球隊員們正在洗澡,然后來這里吃茶點.The family is a very happy one.那個家庭是一個非常幸福的家庭.That family are very pleased about the news of William's success.全家人對威廉的成功都感到很高興.主謂一致練習1

1.Neither of them _____going to the cinema.Both of them _____ going to the cinema.A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;was

D.are;is 2.All but one _____ here just now.All that I want to say ____ this.A.was;were

B.was;is

C.were;is

D.were;were 3.A number of students ____ gone for an outing.The number of the students ______ increasing year.A.have;has

B.is;have

C.has;have

D.have;is 4.Some of the oranges ______ turned bad.Some of the milk _______ turned sour(酸).A.have;has

B.have;have

C.has;have

D.have;is

5.Each student-____ got an English-Chinese dictionary.The students each ______ a dictionary.A.have;has

B.has;have

C.have;have

D.has;has 6.There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it.There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.A.is;are

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;is

7.Either the judge or the lawvers ________ wrong.Either you or he _______ to blame.A.is;are

B.are;is

C.are;are

D.is;is

8.His family ______ all very well.His family _______ a “ five good” one.A.are;is

B.is;is

C.are;are

D.is;are 9.My blue trousers ______ worn out.One pair of trousers ______ not enough.A.is;are

B.are;are

C.is;is

D.are;is

10.Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything.Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.A.take;are

B.take;is

C.takes;is

D.takes;are 11.The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike.Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised at Mary’s answer.A.have;was

B.have;were

C.has;was

D.has;were 12.Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there? A.are;are

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.is;is

13.Most of the students _____ boys.Most of his money _____ spent on books.A.are;is

B.is;is

C.are;are

D.is;are 14.The policeman ____ standing at the street corner.The police ____searching for him.A.are;is

B.are;are

C.is;are

D.is;is

15.The glasses ______ mine.That pair of glasses _____ my brother’s.film.A.has;has

B.has;have

C.have;has

D.have;have 32.Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit.Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are 33.Such ____Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.Such ___her words.A.were;were

B.was;were

C.were;were

D.was;was 34.Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _____ willing to do the work.The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.A.was;is

B.were;is

C.was;are

D.were;are 35.If anybody _____, ask him to wait._____ there anything I can do for you? A.come;Is

B.come;Are

C.comes;Are

D.comes;Is 36.Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn.The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are 37.Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted.Much _____ done to against fight pollution.A.has been;have been

B.have;has

C.has been;has been

D.have been;have been 38.Do you know the singer and dancer who _____standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which ____ Taiwan.A.is;are

B.is;is

C.are;is

D.are;are 39.Each of the girls ____ an orange.Each ______ his duty.A.have;has

B.have;have

C.has;has

D.has;have 40.When we are to hold the sports meet ____ been decided.Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter.A.have;don’t

B.has;don’t

C.have;doesn’t

D.has;does’t 41.Her clothes ____ nearly worn out.His physics ______ weaker than others.A.is;is

B.are;is

C.is;are

D.are;are 42.Five hundred dollars ______ more than he can afford.A.is

B.are 43.Food and clothing ____ daily necessities for people.A.is

B.are 44.The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries.A.is

B.are 45.Three kilometers ____ not a long distance.A.is

B.are 46.To say something _______ one thing, to do it _____ another.A.is;is

B.are;are 47.Reading English magazines and novels ____ helpful to your study of English.A.is

B.are 48.He like you and Xiao Liu ______ very diligent.A.is

B.are 49.Between the two buildings _____ a hospital.9-

第二篇：高中英語主謂一致

高中英語主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語法形式上的一致

主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2．意義上一致

1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復數(shù)內容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。2）主語形式為復數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising.形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。

3．就近原則

即謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：

Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應用 1．名詞作主語

1）某些集體名詞，如family, team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。

名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。“a group(crowd)of +復數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復數(shù)，前者強調整體，后者強調各個部分。

2）某些集體名詞，如people, police, cattle等，只當復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。如： The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復數(shù)同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應根據(jù)意義決定單、復數(shù)。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。如：

The doctor’s is across the street.My uncle’s is not far from here.常見的省略名詞有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數(shù)。如： Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.5）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：

Three years has passed since then.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.7）如果主語有more than one…或many a…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復數(shù)名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數(shù)形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.8）一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口語)（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動詞用復數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復數(shù)形式的單、復數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：

The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）當它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復數(shù)，但means, no means, the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復數(shù)。

11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：

All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

1）用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：

Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2）當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)而定。如：

The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3．代詞作主語

1）名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。如：

Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2）such, the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據(jù)其所指的內容來決定單、復數(shù)。如： Such is our plan.Such are his words.3）關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.4）疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數(shù)。如：

Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce(s)heat ?

5）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：

單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。

但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。如：

Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4．分數(shù)、量詞作主語

1）“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：

Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復數(shù)”，但是，“the number of +名詞”的中心詞卻是number, 試比較：

A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意：(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)，例如：

Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities意為“大量”；in small quantities意為“少量”。2）a great deal of , a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)，例如：

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of,(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

5．名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數(shù)。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 6．從句作主語

1）由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式，例如：

What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+復數(shù)名詞++who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動詞應該是復數(shù)形式。如：

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是當one之前有the only等修飾語時，關系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數(shù)形式。如：

She was the only one of the girls who was late.

第三篇：高中英語主謂一致

專題十七

主謂一致

考點知識清單

“一致”是指句子之間或詞語之間在人稱、數(shù)、性等方面保持的協(xié)調關系。在英語中最主要的一致關系是主語與謂語動詞之間數(shù)的一致。謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，這就叫主謂一致。

在判定一個句子主謂語是否一致時，要遵循下列三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z法一致”也就是平常說的從語法形式上取得一致，即主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞亦為復數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致問題。有時，主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞依意義而定，也采用復數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和其最近的主語保持一致。

知識梳理

考點一

單數(shù)名詞作主語時的主謂一致

單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但是有些單數(shù)名詞形式卻含有復數(shù)意義，這時謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。

1．集合名詞與謂語動詞的一致

(1)集合名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如表示成員則用復數(shù)。常見的這部分名詞有：army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，organization，party，personnel，public，staff，team，union，crew等。如：

pl們a的yi足n球g 隊w踢e得ll很.好。?Our football team is 我?n gt hbeant hcso manindg a back he．re for supper?Our football team are havrie?我們的足球隊員們正在洗澡，然后將回到這吃晚飯。

?

er我y的 l家ar庭g很e大。?My family is v．?His family are wait．in他g的 f家o人r 在hi等m他。

?

The personnel are unhappy about these changes．所有職員都對這些變革不滿意。

注意

若以上集合名詞表示組成該集合體的分散個體時，與其對應的人稱代詞也應該使用they，them或their。如：

My family did all they could for me．

我的家人為我做了他們所能做的一切。

The audience were waving their hands．

觀眾都揮舞著他們的手。

(2)但是有些集合名詞．如：cattle，folk，people，police，poultry(家禽)等作主語，總是跟復數(shù)動詞形式。如：

The people hope to live a happy life．人民希望過上好日子。

The police have caught the criminal．警察已經逮捕了那個罪犯。

Cattle feed on grass．牛以草為食。

(3)有些表示某類別的總稱的集合名詞，如：machinery(機械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(設備)，jewelry(珠寶)等作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如：

My luggage was sent by air．我的行李是航空郵寄的。

The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain．我們工廠的設備都是從英國進口的。

The furniture in my room is old now．現(xiàn)在我屋里的家具舊了。

2．單復數(shù)同形的名詞與謂語動詞的一致

單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，要根據(jù)上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。常見的這部分名詞有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works等。如：

The crossroads is／are dangerous．這個(些)十字路口很危險。

Every means has been tried．各種方法都試過了。

All possible means have been tried．所有可能的方法都試過了。

A steel works has just been built there．那兒剛建了一座鋼廠。

Lots of aircraft were sent there．很多飛機被派往那兒。

注意

fishes表示“各種各樣的魚”。

3．表示成雙成套的名詞，如：trousers，shoes，glasses，compasses等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：

His black trousers are too long．他的黑褲子太長。Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼鏡在你鼻梁上。

若這類名詞與pair連用時，謂語動詞往往與pair一致。如：

This pair of compasses is made in Beijing．這副圓規(guī)是北京制造的。

A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now．現(xiàn)在一副眼鏡值很多錢。

There are two pairs of gloves on the desk．桌上有兩副手套。

考點二

復數(shù)名詞作主語時的主謂一致

1．以“-s”結尾的書刊名、國名、組織名作主語時的主謂一致

以“-s”結尾的書刊名、國名、組織名、游戲名、運動名(如billiards臺球)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：

Roots was a novel about a slave family．《根》是一本有關奴隸家庭的小說。

Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories．《一千零一夜》充滿了有趣的故事。

2．表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結尾的專有名詞作主語時的主謂一致

表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“-s”結尾的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數(shù)。如：

The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean．菲律賓群島位于太平洋。

Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America．

落基山脈坐落在北美洲西部。

3．以-ics結尾的名詞的主謂一致

以-ics結尾的名詞指一門學科時，常用單數(shù)謂語動詞形式。但是，當這些名詞表示實際內容時，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。如：

economics經濟學

electronics電子學

physics物理學

politics政治學

mathematics數(shù)學

statistics統(tǒng)計學

His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend．

他的政治觀點是他的朋友關心的問題。

Politics is his favorite subject．政治學是他最喜歡的學科。

Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the United States end in divorce． 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明，大約百分之四十的美國人的婚姻以離婚而告終。

Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn．統(tǒng)計學是一門很難學的課程。

注意

①plastics(塑料)作主語時，其謂語動詞大都采用復數(shù)形式。如：

Plastics have taken the place of many materials now．

如今塑料已取代了許多材料。

plastics表示“塑料學”時，其謂語動詞只能使用單數(shù)形式。如：

Plastics is an important branch of chemistry．塑料學是化學的一個重要分支。

②名詞clothes，works(作“著作”講)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的謂語動詞律律用復數(shù)。如：

Clothes keep people warm．衣服使人保暖。

His works have been translated into several foreign languages．

他的著作已經被翻譯成了好幾種外語。

若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可與不定冠詞a或數(shù)詞連用。

若表示“一部作品”用a work，“兩部作品”用two works。

考點三

“名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語”作主語時的主謂一致

1．有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語，該短語對謂語動詞不產生影響。如：

Several theories on this subject have been proposed．

關于這個學科的幾種理論已經有人提出。

The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly．

對森林大火的危險不可掉以輕心。

2．當主語后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等連接的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)不受這些詞語的影響。如：

The rock singer，along with his bodyguard，was rushed away from the theater．

這位搖滾歌星被他的保鏢保護著迅速地跑出了劇院。

Mr．Robbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is arriving tonight． 羅伯遜先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到達。My license，rather than my credit cards，was lost．

是我的駕駛執(zhí)照而不是我的信用卡丟了。

No one but your parents was there then．除了你的父母，當時那里沒人。

Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports．格林先生和他的女兒都喜歡體育。

Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon．

湯姆，瑪麗和艾麗絲今天下午將一起去游泳。

考點四

“名詞(或代詞)+of+名詞”作主語時的主謂一致

1．由“some of，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of，the remainder of或分數(shù)、百分數(shù)+of+名詞”等短語作主語時，謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。一般來說，如果of后面所接名詞為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞為復數(shù)；如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語就用單數(shù)形式。如：

Most of the teachers are against the proposal．大部分教師反對這個提議。

Some of the students are for the plan．有些學生贊同這個計劃。

The rest of the lecture is dull．講座的其余部分是枯燥的。

The rest of the bicycles are on sale today．剩余的自行車今天出售。

Half of the apple is rotten．這個蘋果的一半腐爛變質了。

Half of the apples are rotten．這些蘋果有一半腐爛變質了。

Masses of information has been revealed．大量的情報已被泄露出去了。Masses of books are kept in the library．圖書館里存放有很多的書。

About one third of the books are worth reading.大約三分之一的書值得一讀。Over 30％ of the students were absent from the meeting．

超過百分之三十的學生沒有參加這個會。

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea．地球表面的四分之三是海。

Only 40％ of the work was done yesterday．昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。

注意

當上面有些詞單獨作主語時，其主謂語一致關系一般要遵循意義一致的原則。如：

All was silent．萬籟俱寂。

All were silent．大家都靜默著。

Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians．

我們班有30個學生是阿拉伯人，剩下的是加拿大人。

All has been tried．一切都試過了。

All are here now．大家都到齊了。

注意

population表示“人口”，即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。當它前面有分數(shù)或百分數(shù)時，population是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民，它作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)形式，但當后面出現(xiàn)復數(shù)名詞與其呼應時，謂語動詞最好用復數(shù)形式。如：

The population of Canada is about 29 million．

加拿大的人口約為2 900萬。

Just under a third of the population now smokes／smoke in this country．

在這個國家目前吸煙人數(shù)不到總人口的三分之一。

About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants．

這個國家大約百分之八十的人口是農民。

2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等，以及由與kind意義相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等構成的類似短語作主語時，謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。如：

A kind of birds has been discovered by them．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種鳥。A part of the book is not interesting．這本書里有一部分內容沒趣。Parts of the book are very instructive． 這本書有幾部分內容很有教育意義。

These are two different forms of the same thing．

這些是同一事物兩種不同的形式。

This kind of apples is h?ighly priced.?種蘋果定價很高。Apples of this kind are． ?highly priced

3．當none of后面接的是可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單復數(shù)都可以；如接的是不可數(shù)名詞，就只能用單數(shù)形式。但是當either／neither of...構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式(在口語中也可視為復數(shù))。如：

None of them is／are aware of the danger．他們中沒有人意識到那個危險。

None of the money was paid to me．連一分錢也沒有付給我。

Either of the girls is Ann’s sister．那兩個女孩中有一個是安的姐姐。

Neither of them is going to give up the chance．

他們兩個都不打算放棄那個機會。

4．當“a number of／a variety of／varieties of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。但“the number of(表數(shù)目)和the variety of(表種類)等+可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：

A number of new houses have been built there．在那兒已建起許多新房子。

There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop． 那個商店出售各種各樣的商品。

The number of the people who know the secret is very limited． 知道這個秘密的人數(shù)很有限。

The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising．

那個商店商品的品種多得驚人。

5．“a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

“l(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。

“a large quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

“a large quantity of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語常用復數(shù)。

“l(fā)arge quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞／復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。

“a good／great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

A large amount of clean water is wasted every day．

每天有大量干凈的水被浪費掉。

Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market．

大量的資金投在當?shù)氐氖袌錾稀?/p>

Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year．

這個城市每年要消費大量的啤酒。

A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge．

很多錢花在建這座橋上。

A large quantity of materials were spent on the building．

建這個大樓耗費了大量的建筑材料。

A good deal of work has to be done today．今天有大量的工作要做。

考點五

由并列連詞連接的名詞作主語時的主謂一致

1．由and或both...and...連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，指的是復數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。如：

Mr．and Mrs．Smith are engineers．史密斯夫婦是工程師。

Fire and water do not agree．水火不相容。

Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop，店里出售咖啡和啤酒。

注意

如果and連接的兩個詞是指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，則兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)。如：

The teacher and writer is her friend．

這位教師兼作家是她的朋友。

比較

cda ucgo．hltd?My friend and lawyer has a??我的律師，同樣也是我的朋友，得了重感冒。?a vceo ．lcdaught a ba?My friend and my lawyer hd?我的朋友和我的律師兩人都得了重感冒。?

兩個名詞前都加冠詞或其他限定詞，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。

常作為一個整體概念來看待的組合有下面這些，謂語用單數(shù)。

bread and butter黃油面包

bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包

a knife and fork一副刀叉

a watch and chain一只系有表帶的手表

a cart and horse一輛馬車

needle and thread針線

law and order法律和秩序

Bread and butter is her favourite food.黃油面包是她最喜歡吃的食物。

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge．

反復實驗(不斷摸索)是我們知識的來源。

Time and tide waits for no man．歲月不待人。

The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA．星條旗是美國國旗。

2．由and連接的兩個或三個單數(shù)主語前如果有every，each，no，many a修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．

每一位教師和學生都得到了一本書。

Every hour and(every)minute is important．每一小時或每一分鐘都很重要。

No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it．

沒有一位雇主和雇員知道如何處理這件事。

Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much．

許多老師和學生很喜歡這本書。

3．or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等連接的并列成分作主語時，根據(jù)就近一致的原則處理。離謂語動詞近的主語部分是單數(shù)，就用單數(shù)；離謂語動詞近的主語是復數(shù)，謂語動詞就用復數(shù)。如：

Either the teacher or the students are to blame．或者老師或者學生們應受到指責。

Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it．

不僅學生們不知道這件事，他們的老師也不知道。He or I am to do it．這事或者他去做或者我去做。

Neither you nor I．nor anybody else knows how to do it． 無論是你，我還是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。

4．主語由肯定否定兩部分構成時，謂語與肯定的一致。如：

Not you but I am to answer for it．／I，not you，am to answer for it．

對此負責的是我而不是你。

考點六

名詞性從句作主語時的主謂一致

．what從句作主語時的主謂一致

what引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果其后是系表結構，表語為復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

What she said is correct．她說的是正確的。

What he gave me are five English books．他給我的是5本英語書。

What he needs is money．他需要的是錢。

2．that等其他詞引導的名詞性從句作主語時的主謂一致

由that等其他詞引導的名詞性從句作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： That he is a spy is true．千真萬確，他是一個間諜。

Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．

他們還沒有決定是否舉行晚會。

Who is responsible for the accident is not clear．

還不太清楚誰對這場事故負責。

考點七

動名詞或不定式短語作主語時的主謂一致

單個動名詞短語或不定式作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous．玩火危險。

Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us．

你放棄這個機會使我們大家都非常吃驚。

若用and連接兩個動名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個不同的概念，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit．早起早睡是個好習慣。

When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided．

何時何地建大樓還未定下來。

Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life．

犯錯誤和學會改正錯誤是生活的一部分。

What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program．你所吃的與你鍛煉的量對你的減肥計劃都是重要的因素。

考點八

某些表示數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語時的主謂一致

1．當名詞詞組中心詞為表示金錢、時間、度量、距離、價格等復數(shù)名詞時，往往可根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復數(shù)名詞看作一個整體。謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：

Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt．25美元買那件襯衣太貴了。

Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test．50分鐘完成這個測試是不夠的。

Ten miles seems like a long walk to me．對我來說，10英里步行似乎很遠。

2．在四則運算中，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)，也有用復數(shù)的。減法和除法常用單數(shù)。

Two and ten is／are twelve．2加10等于12。

Two times eight is／are sixteen．2乘以8等于16。minus 12 is 6．18減12等于6。

Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine．261除以9等于29。

考點九

名詞化的形容詞作主語時的主謂一致

1．當某些形容詞和過去分詞同定冠詞the連用表示某類人作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；當某些形容詞同定冠詞連用表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

The poor live a hard life．窮人的日子不好過。

The sick and wounded were sent home．病人和傷員被送回家。

the poor窮人

the living活著的人 the rich富人

the dead死人

the wounded傷員

the young年輕人 The beautiful lives forever．美是永存的。

The old gives place to the new．新陳代謝。

但是，也有例外的情況。有些形容詞加上定冠詞也可指一個人。如在句中指一個人時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：

The accused asked the judge for mercy．被告請求法官寬恕。

2．以-sh，-ch和-ese等結尾的表示“國家的，民族的”這類形容詞與定冠詞the連用，表示整個民族，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見的這類詞有：the Chinese，the English，the British，the French，the Japanese，the Dutch，the Polish，the Swedish等。如：

The Chinese are hard-working．中國人是勤勞的。

The English are said to be conservative．據(jù)說英國人是保守的。

The Chinese are kind and friendly．中國人民友好善良。

比較

That Chinese is a singer．那個中國人是個歌唱家。

Chinese is a beautiful language．漢語是一種優(yōu)美的語言。

考點十

there be結構中的主謂一致

there be結構中的主謂一致關系，謂語動詞通常和最鄰近的那個主語一致。如：

There is a book，two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk．

桌子上有一本書、兩支圓珠筆和幾個筆記本。

There are four chairs and a table in the room．房間里擺有4把椅子和一張桌子。

考點十一

不定代詞each, one, no one, somebody等詞作主語時的主謂一致

不定代詞“each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主

語或作限定詞時，謂語動詞一律用單數(shù)形式。如：

Each boy gets a prize．每個孩子都得到了獎品。

Every dog has his day．人人都有得意的時候。

Someone wants to buy the house．有人要買這所房子。

Everything is ready，isn’t it?一切都準備好了，是吧?

Each of the books costs five yuan.每本書五塊錢。

Somebody is using the phone．有人在用著電話。

He has two sons．One is a teacher；the other is an engineer．

他有兩個兒子。一個是老師，另一個是工程師。

注意

each，all，both用作同位語時，謂語動詞仍應與主語保持一致。如：

We each have an English-Chinese dictionary．

我們每人有一本英漢詞典。

The students are all hardworking．這些學生都很勤奮。

They both like pop music．他們倆都喜歡流行音樂。

考點十二

其他主謂一致情況

1．倒裝句中的主謂一致

在主語和謂語倒裝的句子中，動詞的數(shù)應和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。如：

On the wall are some famous paintings．墻上有一些著名的畫。

Between the two windows hangs a picture．兩扇窗戶間有一幅畫。

2．表示數(shù)量的“one and a half+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table．桌子上還剩有一個半香蕉。

One and a half hours is enough．一個半小時足夠了。

3．“a／an+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：

A student or two has failed the exam．一兩個學生考試不及格。

“one or two+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：

One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．

昨天下午有一兩個學生在植樹。

4．在“It+be+被強調部分+that／who...”結構中，be用單數(shù)形式is或was，如被強調部分是主語，that／who后的謂語與被強調部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。如：

It is I who am a student．我是學生。

It is they who have worked there for five years．是他們在那兒工作了5年。

5．定語從句中，關系代詞who，which，that等作主語時，其人稱和數(shù)的變化隨先行詞而定。如：

Those who have seen the film please put up your hands．看過這部電影的人請舉手。

The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman．

在會上講話的人是我們的主席。

6．who，which，what等疑問代詞及such作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)其后的名詞表語來決定其單復數(shù)形式。如：

Who is the girl over there?那邊的那個女孩是誰?

Who are the girls over there?那邊那些女孩子是誰?

Which is your book，this one or that one?哪本是你的書，這本還是那本?

Such is my plan．這就是我的計劃。

Such are his words．這就是他的話。

7．“the majority of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，用復數(shù)謂語。the majority單獨作主語時，謂語既可用單數(shù)，也可用復數(shù)形式。如：

The majority of boys like football．大多數(shù)男孩喜愛足球。

The majority was／were in favour of banning smoking．大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。

The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio．多數(shù)人喜歡電視勝過廣播。

8．“an average of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語與復數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“平均有……”；“the average of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語與單數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“……的平均數(shù)”。如：

An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year．

每年平均有三千人來這所名校參觀。

The average of 14，3 and 1 is 6．14，3和1的平均數(shù)是6。

9．“a total of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語與復數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“總共有……”；“the total of+復數(shù)名詞”作主語與單數(shù)動詞連用，意思是“……的總數(shù)”。如：

A total of 300 letters were received last month 上個月總共收到了三百封信。

The total of letters received last month was 300．上個月收到的信總數(shù)是三百封。

10．當man(人類)，the world(世界上的人，人類)作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：

Only man knows how to cook．只有人類懂得烹飪。

Only man is capable of speech+只有人類才具有說話的能力。

All the world knows that the earth is round．世界上的人都知道地球是圓的。11．“more+復數(shù)名詞+than one”結構謂語常用復數(shù)。如： More members than one have protested against the plan． 反對這項提議的會員不止一個。

12．當many a...或more than one+名詞作主語時，盡管其意義是復數(shù)概念，但它的謂語動詞仍采取單數(shù)形式。如：

Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose．

許多人認為沒有目的的生活是毫無意義的。

More than one person is involved in the matter．不止一人卷入到這件事中。

13．在“one+of／in／out of+復數(shù)名詞”結構中，一般采用語法一致的原則，即用單數(shù)動詞。如果one改成two，three等數(shù)詞，謂語用復數(shù)。

One of the students in our class is from Tibet．我們班有一位學生來自西藏。

One in／out of twenty was badly damaged．每二十個中有一個嚴重受損。

Three in／out of ten students have failed in the exam．

每十個學生中就有三個考試不過關。

方法技巧清單

方法技巧

方法一

分清主語，用準謂語

1．主語后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，no less than，as much as等短語時，謂語應與前面的主語保持一致。

2．動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

3．確定倒裝句謂語的單復數(shù)要找準主語。

[例1] A perfect gift with many flowers _______ _to the beautiful girl．

A．is sent

B．are sent

C．has sent

D．has been sent

[解析] 句子的真正主語為a perfect gift，所以謂語動詞須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)題干大意此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

[答案] D

[例2] In my opinion，What Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng _______ _good to our country’s international position．

A．did do does

B．did does do

C．does did do

D．do do did

[解析] 句子的主語是what引導的主語從句，即：what Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng did。謂語動詞用單數(shù)，借助于助動詞does強調謂語，后用動詞原形do。

[答案] B

[例3] Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who _______ __looking at the foreigners in the air．

A．are

B．is

C．were D．was

[解析] 本句是倒裝句，an old lady and a country girl是主句的主語，也是who引導的定語從句的先行詞。定語從句的謂語應與先行詞保持一致。

[答案] C

方法二

分清并列連詞

1．兩個單數(shù)名詞(主語)用and或both...and...連接時，謂語用復數(shù)，但要注意前后兩個名詞都帶有冠詞。

2.并列主語由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等連接時，謂語動詞常與鄰近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。

[例1] Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _______ __planning to go．

A．is

B．was

C．are

D．has been

[解析] 由連接詞either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞必須和緊靠它的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。此題中的謂語動詞應和Peter and Mary一致，故謂語動詞用復數(shù)are，因此C是正確的。

[答案] C

[例2] The writer and the educator _______ __visited our school．

A．have

B．has

C．had

D.are

[解析] The writer and the educator是兩個人，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。句意：那位作家和那位教育家參觀了我們的學校。如果換成The writer and educator，就是一個人了，即“那位作家兼教育家”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

[答案] A

方法三

記熟一些習慣用法

1．“many a以及more than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語．謂語用單數(shù)。

2．“a／an+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；而“one or two+復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。3．不定代詞anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one，nothing等作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。4．表示“時間、距離、價格”等復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。5．“one and a half+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。

6．each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...等作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。

7．“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語，謂語與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。

[例1]

_______ _of the land in that district _______ __covered with trees and grass．

A．Two fifth；is

B．Two fifth；are

C．Two fifths；is

D．Two fifths；are

[解析] 首先“五分之二”應為two fifths，故答案應為C、D中的一個；當“分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致，這里的名詞是the land。

[答案] C

[例2] The number of the students of this school _______ __large．

A．are

B．are not

C．isn’t

D．aren’t

[解析] 在“the number of+復數(shù)名詞”的結構中，“of+復數(shù)名詞”的介詞短語作后置定語，the number是中心名詞，所以謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。

[答案] C

[例3] Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _______ __to visit the museum _______ _asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning．

A．are；are

B．is；is

C．are；is

D．is；are

[解析] 本題是一個帶有定語從句的復合句，定語從句修飾的是teachers，關系詞在從句中作主語，應與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致，故從句謂語用復數(shù)。句子主語是Every boy and every girl，當主語后面跟有with，together with，as well as等連接的詞時，其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)不受這些詞語的影響。every...and every...作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

[答案] C

第四篇：高中英語主謂一致講解及練習

高中英語主謂一致

一）主謂一致的種類

1．語法形式上的一致

1)主語為單數(shù)形式（一個單數(shù)名詞，一個ving（短語），一個to do（短語）或一個從句），謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式（復數(shù)名詞，兩個或兩個以上的ving（短語）、to do（短語）或從句），謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.Giving Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）當主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)視主語而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）不定代詞作主語，主語是one，another，the other，either，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone, no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等，謂語用單數(shù)。Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals are on Earth.Everyone was calm.4）復數(shù)形式的名詞作主語。主語是glasses, shorts, shoes, scissors, gloves, trousers等復數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)。但其前有“pair/ kind/ type of ”時，謂語動詞的數(shù)一般與pair，kind, type等的一致。The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.A pair of Funky Swanky jeans costs 80yuan ,available in all Funky Swanky shops now.2．意義上一致

1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復數(shù)內容的詞有：people, police, cattle等。People often use body language on purpose.The police are searching for the thief.2)某些集體名詞，如family, audience，class，club，company，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：

His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3）不定代詞any, either, neither, none, all some, more, the rest, half等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：

單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(shù)(指代不可數(shù)名詞)或復數(shù)（指代復數(shù)名詞）形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。

但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。如： Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4）復數(shù)形式的單、復數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。單、復數(shù)同形的名詞deer，sheep做主語時，謂語動詞應根據(jù)意義決定單、復數(shù)。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.如： The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）

5）主語形式為復數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics, economics等。如：The news was so surprising.6）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如： Three years has passed since then.Ten pounds is enough.7）“名詞+and+名詞”做主語，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.8）“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語，要根據(jù)of后的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，謂語用單數(shù)；名詞為復數(shù)時，謂語用復數(shù)。

80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Two thirds of the apples are rotten.9)名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數(shù)。如：

The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 10)不定代詞“each,/every+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”或“each,/every+單數(shù)名詞+and+ each,/every+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.11)從句作主語

由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但由what引導的主語從句所指的具體內容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式，例如： What we need is more time What we need are doctors.12)“a number of+名詞復數(shù)”，謂語用復數(shù)，“the number of +復數(shù)名詞”謂語用單數(shù)。

13）“a quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于名詞是否可數(shù)?！皅uantities of +不可數(shù)名詞/ 可數(shù)名詞” 作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。A large quantity of beer was drunk.A large quantity of nuts are on the table.(large)Quantities of nuts are on the table.3．就近原則,即謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。

1)用連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2)如果主語由more than one…或many a…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復數(shù)名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數(shù)形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.3）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.There is a station and a free car park

1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 2.Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 3.I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 5.There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.A.were;it B.are;them C.was;it D.is;them 6.Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.A.is exploited B.are exploited C.had exploited D.have exploited 7.Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.A.is B.was C.are D.were 8.Mathematics _______ the language of science.A.are B.are going to be C.is D.is to be 9.Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is 11.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.The whole family _______ TV attentively.A.are watching B.is watching C.is seeing D.are seeing 13.Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A.was B.were C.have been D.would be 14.At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.were B.was C.is D.sits 15.If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A.are not preserved B.is not preserved C.were preserved D.have not been preserved 16.There ______ little change in that middle school.A.have B.had C.have been D.has been 17.What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.A.going to be B./ C.is D.that 18.Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.A.is covered B.is covering C.were covered D.are covered 19.The following ______ some other mental diseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were 20.Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.A.have told B.tells C.were told D.was told 22.You and I _____ twin sisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am 23.A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is telling C.are given D.were given 24.Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.A.rots away B.rot away C.has rotted away D.are rotted away 25.Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.A.is cleaning B.are cleaning C.were cleaning D.have cleaned 26.Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A.have known B.knows C.is known D.are known 27.The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A.were B.has been C.had been D.was 28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______.”

A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 29.A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.A.were advancing B.were advanced C.was advancing D.advancing 30.Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.A.is enjoy B.were enjoying C.enjoys D.enjoy

1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s 2.解析：選D.當either ?or 連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。

3.解析：選A.who 為引導定語從句的關系代詞，其先行詞是I , 所以謂語動詞要用am.4.解析：選D.主語the Olympic Games 意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

5.解析：選C.there be句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。

6.解析：選A.主語為coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。

7.解析：選A.主語Stories of the Long March 是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8.解析：選C.此處mathematics 為學科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9.解析：選B.both----and---連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10.解析：選C.either 是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。

11.解析：選B.what 引導的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞的數(shù)來決定，此處要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

12.解析：選A.此處指：家里的各個成員，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。13.解析：選A.此處nothing句子的主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。14.解析：選A.此句為倒裝句，句子的主語是a soldier and two young people.15.解析：選B.此處主語law and order 指的是同一個概念，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式.16.解析：選D.此處there be結構中的主語little change是不可數(shù)名詞。17.解析：選C.本句是主語從句，缺謂語，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

18.解析：選A.本句缺謂語，主語percent后面是不可數(shù)名詞，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。19.解析：選B.本句的表語 是復數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形。20.解析：選C.根據(jù) 就近一致性原則，謂語用am.21.解析：選B.本句的主語是書名，從整體考慮，謂語是第三人稱單數(shù)形。22.解析：選B.用and連接兩個并列主語時，謂語用非第三人稱單數(shù)形.23.解析：選B.本句主語是同一個人，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

24.解析：選B.本句主語是tons, 是復數(shù)形式，rot是不及物動詞，不可用被動形式。25.解析：選A.本句主語Mayor是單數(shù)形式，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

26.解析：選B.主語many a student 意思是復數(shù)，形式是單數(shù)。謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。27.解析：選D.主語works 是集合名詞，當成整體考慮，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。Long ago 表示過去.28.解析：選C.因為問句是完成時態(tài)，答句要用完成時態(tài)回答，另外主語不可用nobody of us.29.解析：選A.主語a group of 在本句中表示具體每個人。

30.解析：選C.本句主語是不定代詞everyone，為單數(shù)主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。

第五篇：主謂一致專題)

主謂一致

主謂一致指的是主語和位于動詞在“數(shù)”的方面一定要保持一致，而這種一致關系通常是由下列三種原則支配的

一、語法一致：主語是單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；主語用復數(shù)形式，位于也用復數(shù)形式。

The library does not open until nine o’clock.The Great Wall draws numbers of tourists every year.The best reward I get from teaching is the joy of seeing my students grow and develop.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.二、意義一致原則：主語雖在語法形式上是復數(shù)形式，但意義上是單數(shù)，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)；主語雖在語法形式上不是復數(shù)形式，但意義上時復數(shù)，謂語動詞也要用復數(shù)。Cattle are grazing peacefully on the pasture.The police have arrested a lot of suspects.Two miles is a long walk for the 80-year-old man.One thousand dollars is a large sum of money for the couple.Five pounds is enough.Twenty years is a long time on one’s life.三、就近原則：有時謂語動詞的形式是和它最近的詞（或詞組）保持一致的。Neither you nor I am right.Not only the boy but also his parents enjoy playing that game.Twenty percent of students are from Wuhan.Only half of the members agree with him.易出現(xiàn)問題的地方：

一、集體名詞與以“s”結尾的名詞作主語時主謂一致 1.people, cattle, police, poultry, militia, youth等形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上時復數(shù)，所以謂語用復數(shù)。

The police are questioning him.People often hear him telling about his experience in the Second World War.The militia are determined to fight the enemy to the finish.2.audience, committee, family, government, group, staff, team, public, class, crew, arm等若表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，若強調成員或個體，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。His family are proud of him.His family is not very large.The audience burst into thunderous applause.A large audience was watching their performance.某些表示疾病的詞，如mumps, arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, diabetes等，以及某些表示游戲的詞，如cards, ninepins, darts, bowls, marbles, billiards, chequers等，它們在形式上雖然是復數(shù)，但在意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。Sometimes mumps is rather dangerous.Arthritis is not a kind of infectious disease.Marbles is greatly enjoyed by the children here.Diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.4.某些以-ics 結尾的表示學科的詞，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics, linguistics, optics, electronics, acoustics等，形式上是復數(shù)形式，但意義上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。

Some students say physics is much more interesting than mathematics.I don’t think linguistics is difficult to learn.但當這些詞不表示“學科”時，有時可當復數(shù)用，謂語動詞也要用復數(shù)。

Statistics show that the divorce rate in China is much higher than ten years ago.Politics have never interested her.5.以“s”結尾的國家、組織、機構等雖然形式上是復數(shù)，但卻表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

Some people say the United States is a large “melting pot”.The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.但表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以“s”結尾的專有名詞常被看成是復數(shù)，謂語動詞也要用復數(shù)。The Niagara Falls attracts tourists from many countries every year.The Rocky Mountains are vast and spectacular.6.某些表示由兩部分組成的物體的名詞在形式和意義上都是復數(shù)如：scissors, pants, trousers, shorts, glasses, spectacles, jeans等，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)。His glasses were broken this morning.Your trousers are in the wardrobe.另外還有一些常以“s”結尾的詞，如：contents, archives, arms, goods, suburbs, stairs, earnings, surroundings, belongings, particulars等也通常被看成是復數(shù)，作主語時謂語也用復數(shù)形式。

The suburbs are more and more seriously polluted.The surroundings are very beautiful.All his belongings are in that big bag.二、表示數(shù)量概念的名詞（或詞組）作主語時主謂一致

1.表示時間、距離、價值、重量等的名詞或詞組作主語時，常把這些數(shù)量看成一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

Seven months is needed to translate this book into Chinese.Five hundred miles is a long distance.Where is the ten dollars I gave you yesterday? 2.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of?”構成的短語作主語，如果of后面是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果of后面是復數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。Two-thirds of the gasoline has been used.Over forty percent of the employees are women.Ninety percent of the wasteland has been turned into rice fields.Three-fifths of the trees have been cut down.3.“all(half, most, some, the rest, none等）+of?”構成的短語作主語，如果of后面是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；如果of后面是單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。All of his energy has been used up.All of the restaurants are closed.Most of the oil is imported from Saudi Arabian.Most of the rubbish has been removed from the playground.4.“l(fā)ots（plenty, heaps, loads, scads等）+of?”構成的短語作主語時，如果of 后gender是復數(shù)，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)；如果of后跟的是不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù) Plenty of time has been spent on this experiment.Loads of friends have come to attend his wedding.Scads of money has been wasted in the past 2 years.5.當“many a+名詞”或“more than one+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Many a customer complains about the poor quality of the washing machines.More than one train was delayed.6.“a portion(series, pile, panel, kind, sort, type等)+of+名詞”構成的短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)（無論名詞時單數(shù)還是復數(shù)）。A portion of the products is being inspected.A series of questions was asked by the students.A pile of reference books is on his desk.7.“a number(或numbers)of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)形式，但a great deal（an amount, a quantity)of +不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。A large number of workers were dismissed.Numbers of houses were destroyed.A great deal of time has been wasted.但the number of ?作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式 The number of students is increasing.8.“an average(或total)of +名詞復數(shù)”構成的短語作主語，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)。An average of 500 students graduate from this school every year.A total of 200 bicycles were sold last month.但the average（或total)of +名詞復數(shù)作主語時謂語要用單數(shù)形式

The average of students who graduate from this school every year is 500.9.“a group(crowd, gang, flock, herd)of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞既可以單數(shù)也可以用復數(shù)。

A group of people was /were standing under the big tree.A gang of gunmen was/were robbing the jeweler's.A herd of cows was/were grazing there.三、并列結構作主語時主謂一致

1.由and或both?and?連接的并列結構作主語，如果意義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)；如果意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞就要用復數(shù)。

Asia, Africa and Latin America make up the third world.Both families and society are responsible for juvenile delinquency.下面由and連接的并列結構表面上是復數(shù)，實際上表示復數(shù)意義，所以謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。Chinese and America culture are quite different.What they have said and done are quite disappointing.當each?and each?, every?and every?, no?and no?作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式

Each boy and each girl was given an apple.Every teacher and every student was looking at him.No bus and no taxi was found in the street.2.由or, either..or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also?連接的并列結構作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與離它最近的主語保持一致。Neither he nor I am able to get there in ten minutes.Not only he but also I am curious about this.Neither her husband nor the doctors have told her about her condition.3.由某些介詞或準并列連詞連接的短語作主語，謂語動詞的形式應與真正的主語保持一致。

常見的這類介詞有：with, along with, together with, besides, in addition to, except, but, like, including等，準并列連詞有：as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than等。

Practical experience as well as formal education is considered very important in today’s job market.No one except hi relatives helps him.The bus driver, as much as the passengers, was very impatient.Jack, like many other children, often dreams of travelling in the space.The school, rather than the parents, is mainly responsible for the children’s safety.四、動名詞、不定式和短語作主語時主謂一致

動名詞或不定式短語作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。To err is human.To learn three foreign languages at the same time is very difficult.Smoking is very harmful to one’s health.Walking is the easiest way to exercise.五、名詞性從句作主語時主謂一致 名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)

Whether you go or not makes no difference to me.It’s quite obvious that they have nor received the letter.How the plan is to be carried out still needs to be discussed.六、there be? 句型中的主謂一致

be 動詞的形式由它后面的主語決定，但當be 動詞后是并列結構作主語時，遵循就近原則，be動詞的形式要與它最近的主語保持一致。There are servants in the house.There is no water on the moon.There are a lot of spectators in the stadium.七、定語從句中的主謂一致

定語從句中謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式是由先行詞所決定的。That’s the young man who comes to the library every week.Yesterday they visited the palaces which were built 200 years ago.在one of+名詞復數(shù)+定語從句的句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，但當one 前有the或the only 時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：

She is one of the few passengers who were not killed in the crash.This is the only one of the books which is worth reading.