第一篇：河南專升本考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題——?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。

2.主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如：

I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。Here she comes.她來(lái)了。

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。

3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過(guò)去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表達(dá)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不 大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因?yàn)閏leaned與現(xiàn)狀無(wú)關(guān)，二是因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)不可突然跳到It’s…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。)2）漢語(yǔ)中的“了”、“過(guò)”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，如：I have seen that film.（我看過(guò)那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過(guò)”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過(guò)去進(jìn)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說(shuō)：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（人已回來(lái)）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來(lái)）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如不能說(shuō)：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時(shí)了?！笨刹捎?）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。

六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)動(dòng)作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do（側(cè)重將來(lái)行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）

2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)

3.be doing(按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來(lái)時(shí)間連用)

4.be about to do(按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)

用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語(yǔ)，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1．——Can I join your club,dad?

——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是將來(lái)意，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)所以此題答案為A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize

B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：從“Oh,it’s you!”可知說(shuō)話時(shí)已認(rèn)出對(duì)方?！皼]有認(rèn)出”是在此之前為過(guò)去情況，所以應(yīng)選A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析：在空白處應(yīng)選一個(gè)與“saw”相配，能解釋Jim didn’t see me 這一原因的選項(xiàng)，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當(dāng)時(shí)正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因?yàn)椤八谕钪嫣炜铡彼浴拔纯吹轿摇薄?.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，問話人以這樣的時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。

6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根據(jù)this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out

B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根據(jù)I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知說(shuō)話人所要做的事是計(jì)劃安排行為，C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表將來(lái)動(dòng)作，但D非計(jì)劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計(jì)劃去做，所以此題答案為C。

8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過(guò)去“掛”的B、D項(xiàng)可排除。C項(xiàng)雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側(cè)重在常規(guī)，習(xí)慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型

1.常見句式是：主語(yǔ)（受動(dòng)者）＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋（by＋施動(dòng)者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主語(yǔ)＋get＋過(guò)去分詞＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by＋施動(dòng)者”

被動(dòng)：1）I was lent a bike(by her).?

3.帶有雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)閯?dòng)句，其主語(yǔ)可以是直接賓語(yǔ)，也可以是間接賓語(yǔ)。例如：She lent me a bike.2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.雙重被動(dòng)式：主語(yǔ)＋被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)＋不定式的被動(dòng)式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況

1.不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.這把刀好切。These books sell well.這些書好賣。The pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來(lái)流暢。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長(zhǎng)久。The cloth washes well.這種布好洗。

2.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式＋形容詞。常見動(dòng)look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被動(dòng)式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。常見形容詞 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比較：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.沒有形容詞時(shí)，雖然不定式與主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但必須用被動(dòng)式。

三、容易誤用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：

1.I teach myself French.不可變?yōu)镸yself is taught French.因?yàn)榉瓷泶~不可作主語(yǔ)。

2.We help each other/one another.不可變?yōu)镋ach other/One another is helped by us.因?yàn)橄嗷ゴ~不可作主語(yǔ)。

3.He lost heart.不可變?yōu)镠eart was lost by him.因?yàn)橄髄ose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought這類動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的固定短語(yǔ)只能用于主動(dòng)式，不能用被動(dòng)式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能變?yōu)門he sports meet was taken part in by her.因?yàn)橄髏ake part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物動(dòng)詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動(dòng)意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，所以此題答案為D。2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析：觀察題干，空白線后無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，可知feel是不及物動(dòng)詞，表“（某物）摸起來(lái)…”意思,是連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)式，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)此題對(duì)話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認(rèn)為”、“摸”等意時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可帶賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)等 變化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…h(huán)ave been set up

B.have taken place…h(huán)ave been set up

C.have taken place…h(huán)ave set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（發(fā)生）是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物動(dòng)詞，在此題中應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)式，故排除C，答案為B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因?yàn)樗槐硎尽氨谎?qǐng)”。又因D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。A項(xiàng)＝who were invited,C項(xiàng)＝who were being invited,由象invite這類短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作后置定語(yǔ)，故也應(yīng)排除。因而可定答案為A。

5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說(shuō)…”英文句式為“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案為A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.據(jù)說(shuō)他是一個(gè)聰明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…h(huán)as been stolen B.has broken into…h(huán)ad been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen

D.had been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項(xiàng)中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of…是固定短語(yǔ)，若無(wú)of則不可帶賓語(yǔ)，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to

B.are not kept…h(huán)ave to

C.do not keep…will have to

D.do not keep…h(huán)ave to

析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動(dòng)式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句應(yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故答案為A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表達(dá)“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in 776 BC這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案為C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，和require,want一樣，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been

C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于這種句式表示“過(guò)去想”，所以but后的句子也應(yīng)該是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。

12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?

——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given

析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結(jié)果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應(yīng)答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此題答案應(yīng)為C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析：It was said that…可以改為We heard it said that…(都表示“據(jù)說(shuō)…”之意)。前一種說(shuō)法中It 是形式主語(yǔ)，后一種說(shuō)法中it是形式賓語(yǔ)。故此題答案為B。

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)專練

1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told

B.I’ve told

C.I’m told

D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put

B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun

D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied

D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes

D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written

D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want

B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want

D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it

B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it

D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t

B.couldn’t

C.don’t

D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten

B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet

B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t

B.hadn’t been

C.wouldn’t be

D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling

B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed

B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed

D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)專練答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D 11

第二篇：內(nèi)部資料高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)系列-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講與練

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。2.主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。Here she comes.她來(lái)了。

二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

2.表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。

The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方冉冉升起。

4.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，但也有些動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。

常見的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示從過(guò)去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：

1）用兩種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而

一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表達(dá)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）漢語(yǔ)中的“了”、“過(guò)”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達(dá)，I have seen that film.我看過(guò)那部電影了

但是如果是在特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間“看了”、“做過(guò)”，就不可用完成時(shí)而必須用一般過(guò)去進(jìn)來(lái)表達(dá)。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時(shí)候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說(shuō)：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（人已回來(lái)）”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了（還未回來(lái)）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬間動(dòng)詞join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小時(shí)了。

1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延續(xù)法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動(dòng)作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為。

六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示）。

He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示動(dòng)作在另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。

They were still working when I left.3.用在兩個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)動(dòng)作。

He said she was arriving the next day.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。

At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。

We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（側(cè)重將來(lái)行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)3.be doing(按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來(lái)時(shí)間連用)4.be about to do(按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)

九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)

用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語(yǔ)，when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)

一、注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已經(jīng)派人請(qǐng)大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.時(shí)間一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那計(jì)劃就要被放棄了。Bad habits have been done away with.壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。

He must be prevented from going.必須阻止他去。

二、get + 過(guò)去分詞可以表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化

She got married last week.她上周結(jié)婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed.他從車上摔下來(lái)，摔死了。

三、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞

read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink

這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常用一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)。

This coat dries easily.這種外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龍容易洗干凈。The door won’t lock.這門鎖不上。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鮮。Your speech reads well.你的演說(shuō)講得好。

This material has worn thin.這個(gè)材料已經(jīng)磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的書沒有銷路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的筆好寫。This lock won’t catch.這鎖鎖不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不著。

The plan worked out wonderfully.這計(jì)劃制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.這錄音機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)。The engine won’t start.引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。This knife cuts well.這把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.這布很耐洗。少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。

The books are printing.這本書正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。

5．介詞in, on, under 等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義

表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前不用冠詞。under control(受控制)

under treatment(在治療中)

under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在討論中)

under construction(在施工中)

beyond belief(令人難以置信)for sale(出售)

in print(在印刷中)

in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))on sale(出售)

on show(展出)

on trial(受審)

out of control(控制不了)

out of sight(超出視線之外)

out of one’s reach(夠不著)

The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6． 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：

fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)態(tài)（推薦）

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是一種動(dòng)詞形式，不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。

所謂“時(shí)”就是行為發(fā)生的時(shí)段或狀態(tài)存在的時(shí)段，即：“現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過(guò)去、將來(lái)”四種；所謂“態(tài)”就是行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)四種。由時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合，便形成下列十六種時(shí)態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)； 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)；

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)． 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況、有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況、總是發(fā)生的事和事實(shí)真理。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month?），once a week(day, year, month?），on Sundays（on Mondays ?）.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + do/does +其他；（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）。

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + am/is/are + not + 其他（此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞）。5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month?），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或be的過(guò)去式+名詞。

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + was/were + not + 其他(在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞)。5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來(lái)幫助我們。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.標(biāo)志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語(yǔ) + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主語(yǔ) + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系動(dòng)詞is/am/are或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will/shall后加not 5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場(chǎng)比賽和我們一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：The next day(morning , year?），the following month(week?），etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主語(yǔ) + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + was/were + not + going to + do;主語(yǔ) + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說(shuō)他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我問，誰(shuí)要去那里。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。（第一個(gè)字母大寫）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時(shí)間她在人民解放軍部隊(duì)工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我正在讀報(bào)紙。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來(lái)表示詢問、請(qǐng)求等。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + shall/will + not + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個(gè)時(shí)間，他們正坐在電影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會(huì)了。過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.概念：表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言，將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，尤其多用于間接引語(yǔ)中。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他們說(shuō)了他們將要來(lái)。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說(shuō)他不能來(lái)因?yàn)橐_會(huì)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + have/has + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + have/has + not + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過(guò)去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Before, by the end of last year(term, month?），etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語(yǔ) + had + not +p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車站的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)開走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個(gè)月底，我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主語(yǔ) + had + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它

②否定句：主語(yǔ) + had + not + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 ③一般疑問句：Had +主語(yǔ) + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+其它 ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 將來(lái)完成時(shí)

1.概念：在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by the time of;by the end of + 時(shí)間短語(yǔ)（將來(lái)）；by the time + 從句（將來(lái)）3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（過(guò)去分詞）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

1.概念：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻以前所會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 時(shí)間段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點(diǎn)起，孩子們一直看電視。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示某個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧？ 4.特殊含義：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說(shuō)了。（他沒寫完）②企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)。（他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)它）③未得結(jié)果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說(shuō)的。（但是我們沒有理解）

④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場(chǎng)架。（最近）⑤反復(fù)動(dòng)作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。（屢次）⑥情緒：What had he been doing？他做了什么 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會(huì)關(guān)了。過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念：表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看至未來(lái)某時(shí)以前會(huì)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我，到年底時(shí)，他就在那住了30年了。

第四篇：高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教案-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)

高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教案-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 【時(shí)態(tài)的基本概念】

時(shí)態(tài)是表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作時(shí)間概念的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)專指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而言，不同時(shí)間概念的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，每一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)又有各自不同的動(dòng)詞形式。高中階段要求學(xué)生熟練掌握八種時(shí)態(tài)，此外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在高中教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也應(yīng)列入“應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)”的范圍。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或規(guī)律性的動(dòng)作。

Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.(P.2, Senior Book1B)The moon travels round the earth once every month.(P.8, Senior Book2B)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的概念。引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：if, unless;so(as)long as。

I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(P.52, Senior Book1A)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)了的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。諸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.(P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.(P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。----It's a bit windy today, isn't it?----Yes, it is.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.(P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted.(P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?(P.24, Senior Book2B)4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.I'm trying to find the name of a famous person.Can you help me?(P.1, Senior Book2B)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)同always配合使用時(shí)，帶有厭惡、批評(píng)，不喜歡等感情色彩。

They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.(P.3, Senior Book1B)5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.(P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.(P.6, Senior Book1B)6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。

Mr.Ball has just called on Mrs.Zhu to give her a message.(P.13, Senior Book2B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：“剛剛探訪了朱夫人，給她帶了口信”，這件事距現(xiàn)在時(shí)間很近，沒有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you.(P.19, Senior Book1B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)知道有關(guān)她的經(jīng)歷，不會(huì)影響做出決定。

7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：比過(guò)去的一個(gè)參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作，作為參照的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間有時(shí)在句子中直接表述出來(lái)，有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money.(P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中had left her a lot of money 發(fā)生在her parents were dead之前，比較容易看出“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)該不會(huì)產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。

Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy.(P.3, Senior Book2B)課文一直在敘述愛因斯坦的經(jīng)歷、成就，使用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)?；蛘呶覀兛梢哉f(shuō)一般過(guò)去時(shí)是課文的基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)。課文的最后又倒敘愛因斯坦少年時(shí)代的事情，這是比基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)更早的動(dòng)作，因此兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在這類句子中，作為參照的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間需要我們通過(guò)對(duì)文章的整體理解才能體會(huì)出來(lái)。

8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為參照，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在賓語(yǔ)從句中由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求，經(jīng)常會(huì)用到過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

I thought it was going to be fun.(P.54, Senior Book1A)針對(duì) I thought 這個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作而言的將來(lái)。

9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 由過(guò)去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在句子中一般可以翻譯成“一直┉”。

People have been talking of it a lot recently.(P.25, Senior Book2B)最近人們一直在大量地談?wù)撨@件事。

Pippa's parents have been waiting for them.(P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他們。

For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.(P.37, Senior Book2B)多年來(lái)我們一直夢(mèng)想著更好的住房和工作。【相關(guān)知識(shí)及運(yùn)用】

1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。

上述三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嘟牡胤剑@個(gè)相近之處就是“過(guò)去”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念都同“過(guò)去”有關(guān)，彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開。①一般過(guò)去時(shí)只用以陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。

In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.(P.56, Senior Book2B)向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點(diǎn)、人物等有關(guān)信息。②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但說(shuō)話時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，語(yǔ)意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在。這種過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況： a)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍具有影響。

----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?----Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的動(dòng)作肯定發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是“我不想和你去看了”。b)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示這種延續(xù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到for、since一類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university.(從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years.(20年前發(fā)生的 “l(fā)ive”，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)③過(guò)去完成時(shí)必須有一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作作為參照點(diǎn)，由此發(fā)生了同一般過(guò)去時(shí)混淆的問題。過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它必須有一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作為參照，比這個(gè)過(guò)去的參照動(dòng)作更早的動(dòng)作才能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如果沒有這個(gè)過(guò)去的參照的動(dòng)作，就沒有過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即使是一億年前的動(dòng)作也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，had begun則發(fā)生在got to the cinema 之前。進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的兩種概念

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)都具有兩種不同的時(shí)間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。

①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念就是“說(shuō)話的時(shí)候”。表示瞬間概念時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)是，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)開始，正在過(guò)程中，但尚未結(jié)束。

基于這一特點(diǎn)，下列句子通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，以表達(dá)動(dòng)作沒有結(jié)束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.I'm getting on well with my English.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念通常用表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.②階段概念的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“段時(shí)間”，表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在做的動(dòng)作，至于動(dòng)作是否結(jié)束則不是說(shuō)話者所關(guān)心的。

He is writing a new novel these days.這些天他一直在寫一本新小說(shuō)。（沒有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.這些工人們?nèi)ツ暌恢痹谛藿ㄒ蛔鶚颉?.將來(lái)時(shí)的五種動(dòng)詞形式

1.will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示“預(yù)見”和“主觀意圖” Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.(P1, Senior Book2A)（表示“預(yù)見”）

Let's go together then.I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty.(P.19, Senior Book2A)

(表示“主觀意圖)2.be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示”打算做某事“或”已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況。I'm going to cut this tree down.(P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain.(有跡象表明將要下雨)3.be to +動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示按照計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示命令、禁止。

The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.(P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中用以表示純粹的將來(lái)。Who will be taking over her job? Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.(P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式表示將來(lái)的概念。這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗查g動(dòng)詞不可能有“進(jìn)行”的概念，所以不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。

How many of you are making the trip?(P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybody seeing you off?(P.13 Senior Book1A)

【語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本概念】 語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間相互關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式。在英語(yǔ)中有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表達(dá)的主、謂、賓之間的關(guān)系是：主語(yǔ)發(fā)出或執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者為賓語(yǔ)。即主語(yǔ)同謂語(yǔ)具有語(yǔ)意上的邏輯關(guān)系，謂語(yǔ)同賓語(yǔ)具有語(yǔ)意上的邏輯關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表達(dá)的關(guān)系是：動(dòng)作的承受者做句子的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.(P.8, Senior Book2B)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞use同主語(yǔ)satellites for broadcasting具有邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。我們可以將這個(gè)句子恢復(fù)成正常的主、謂、賓關(guān)系：

We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相關(guān)知識(shí)及運(yùn)用】

1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式問題： 在語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中，語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)總是結(jié)合在一起使用，每一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都有同它相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：語(yǔ)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞be + 過(guò)去分詞。

凡需進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)，只將be 變?yōu)榕c其相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)形式，過(guò)去分詞永遠(yuǎn)不變。

動(dòng)詞do 的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)形式變化對(duì)照表

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do(does)am(is, are)+ done 一般過(guò)去時(shí) did was(were)+ done 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will(shall)do will be + done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am(is are)doing am(is,are)being+done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was(were)doing was(were)being+done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have(has)done have(has)been+done 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had done had been+done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would do would be + done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have(has)been doing 沒有被動(dòng)形式 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) Had been doing 沒有被動(dòng)形式

Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me;Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.(P.9, Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry.(P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport.(P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people.(P.46, Senior Book2B)2.高考試題實(shí)例分析 直接考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)的試題主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中，而且?guī)缀趺磕甓紩?huì)考到，因此必須將時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)問題作為復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，務(wù)求達(dá)到深刻理解，熟練運(yùn)用。近年來(lái)高考命題的特點(diǎn)是，在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中考查對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的理解。試題的意圖往往隱蔽、迂回，迷惑項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)技巧很高，容易干擾考生的思維。如果沒有對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)概念的深刻理解，沒有對(duì)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用環(huán)境的綜合分析，便會(huì)對(duì)試題感到困惑。下列試題可以幫助我們領(lǐng)悟高考命題的趨勢(shì)。例1：

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.（2001年高考試題）

A.is changing

B.has changed

C.will have changed

D.will change 答案為A。試題沒有把考查的意圖定位于對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)概念的簡(jiǎn)單理解，考生必須對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的本質(zhì)特征----動(dòng)作尚未完成，仍在過(guò)程中----有深刻的理解，否則將思路僅僅局限在“正在變化”、“已經(jīng)變化”或“將要變化”，難于得出正確的結(jié)論。例2：

I ______ ping-pong quite well, but haven't had time to play since the new year.（2001年高考試題）

A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D.play 答案為D。but 分句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，將談話的時(shí)間概念限定在“當(dāng)前”。如果選C，前一分句說(shuō)“過(guò)去”，后一分句說(shuō)“現(xiàn)在”，不合邏輯。本句的意思是說(shuō)“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段時(shí)間沒有打”，“乒乓球打得好”是一種技能，選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，是“經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”這一概念的擴(kuò)展和延伸。例3：

----You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.（2002年高考試題）

A.wasn't saying

B.don't say

C.won't say

D.didn't say 答案為D。sorry的原因是早先沒有說(shuō)到這件事，因此必須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例4：

The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999年高考試題）

A.went down

B.will go down

C.has gone down

D.was going down 答案為 C。目前價(jià)格的狀況已經(jīng)低下來(lái)，至于“價(jià)格下降”始于何時(shí)同談話的內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。試題意在考查對(duì)“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響”的理解。

時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1 I.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的形式填充。

1.Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______(reach)any decisions.2.My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______(miss)half of it.3.I don't think Jim saw me;he _____ just ______(start)into space.4.I ____(ask)you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.5.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______(begin)to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6.--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?

--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite).Did they have a big wedding?

7.Shirley _____(write)a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.8.John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _____ ______(see)each other a couple of times before that.9.His wife _____ ______(hope)to catch the first train but she was too late.10.I _____ ______(catch)in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11.I found the sentence _____ ______(not read)smoothly.12.What he had said at the meeting _____(prove)true.13.---Did you see Tom at the party?

---No.He _____ _____(leave)by the time I arrived.14.---How time flies!It's already 10 o'clock.---Oh, I _____ _____(not realize)it at all.15.---I'm sorry that I shouldn't have been so rude to you.---You did_____(lose)your temper but that's OK.II.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的形式確翻譯下列各句 ：

1.The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓著)him but failed.2.--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正準(zhǔn)備開始)to take a shower.3.--You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4.---Why haven't you asked her to come here?

---She ________(正在做工)an important experiment when I found her and she hasn't finished it.5.---What were you up to when she dropped in?

---I_____ _____(剛玩了一會(huì)兒)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看書)some reading.6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(會(huì)看到)advertisement showing happy families.7.---What place is it?---Haven't you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)? 8.---Tomorrow is my birthday.I'd like you and Jane to come.---I'm not sure if she _____ _____(將)free.9.The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.10.You_______ _______(要求你ask)not to move the desk--now it is broken.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練2 1.By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _____ exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment _______ I should quit.A.had known;I thought

B.have known;had I thought

C.would know;I would think

D.knew;did I think 2.In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _____.A.has succeeded

B.is to succeed

C.should succeed

D.will succeed 3.The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ______ that he had something to tell the doctor.A.saying

B.having said

C.to say

D.to have said 4.It should be 302.But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.A.was put off

B.will put off

C.has been put off

D.is put off 5.The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to ____ new challenges.A.be faced

B.face

C.facing

D.faced 6.In fact, more and more people _____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose

B.choose

C.are choosing

D.have chosen 7.Our car _____ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went

B.is going

C.goes

D.will be going 8.China is _____ to______ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A.willingly;give

B.willing;giving

C.willing;offer

D.will;offering 9.I ________, but I can't leave until I finish typing all the letters.A.had planned to

B.planned to

C.am still planning to

D.was still planning to

10.Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _______ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A.has just left

B.was just leaving

C.had just left

D.just left 11.Has George returned from Japan yet? I'd like to meet him.Why do you look so upset?Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it

at 13:45.A．does;is going to start B．will;starts C．does;will start D．will;is to start 11.---How about my food? I __________ here for almost half an hour.---I'm sorry, sir.It must be ready by now.A.have been sitting

B.am sitting C.had been sitting

D.was sitting 12.---Remember the first time we met, Susan?---Of course I do.You _______ in the library.A.read

B.had read

C.were reading

D.would read 13.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _______ to 95, the news agency reports.A.has increased

B.have increased

C.has been increased

D.have been increased 14.It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A.don't read B.didn't read C.haven't read D.hadn't read 15.-Hello, Jim.I

to see you today.Sonia said you

ill.-Oh I'm OK.A.didn't expect;were

B.don't expect;were C.haven't expected;are

D.are not expecting;are 16.We were very busy yesterday.Otherwise we _____ part in the discussion.A.would take

B.did take

C.had taken

D.would have taken 17.---My flight ______.I'd better be on my way.Goodbye.---Bye.Happy landing!A.was announced

B.is being announced

C.has announced

D.is announced 18Dear me!You

anything in the taxi!A.had never left

B.have never left

C.would never leave

D.never leave 19.This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A.will see B.will have seen C.will be seeing D.shall see 20.Hey, Lee.I ___________ you never took interest in anything like this.What a surprise!A.don't think

B.didn't think C.think

D.thought 21.George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just ________ he would have so little time to spare.A.hadn't known

B.wouldn't know

C.knew

D.didn't know 22.Those who were late for school this morning，down your names on the blackboard!A.write

B.wrote

C.are writing

D.will write

時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)高考題 2007年高考

1.The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.（全國(guó)卷I）

A.sold

B.had been sold

C.were sold

D.would sell 2.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago.（全國(guó)卷I）

A.are going

B.had been

C.went

D.have been 3.-Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.-Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.（全國(guó)卷II）A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.will just be thinking 4.-Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?

-I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（全國(guó)卷II）A.had to B.didn't C.was going to D.wouldn't 5.-Did you tidy your room?（上海卷）

-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A.had B.have C.have had

D.will have 6.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.（上海卷）A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 7.They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.（山東卷）

A．had got

B．got

C．have got

D．get 8.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.（安徽卷）A.has it fixed

B.had fixed it

C.had it fixed

D.fixed it 9.They became friends again that day.Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.（安徽卷）

A.didn't speak

B.hadn't spoken

C.haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking 10.-How can I apply for an online course?

-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（北京卷）A.see

B.are seeing

C.have seen

D.will see 11.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）

A.has ruined

B.had ruined

C.has been ruined

D.had been ruined 12.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, don't mention it.I _____past your house anyway.（北京卷）

A.was coming

B.will come

C.had come

D.have come 13.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.（福建卷）-Impossible.She

TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14.Danny

hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.（福建卷）A.works

B.is working

C.has worked

D.worked 15.As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-________ with Dad's flowers.（湖南卷）

A.are marked

B.were marked

C.have marked

D.had marked

16.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.（湖南卷）

A.studies

B.studied

C.is studying

D.has been studying 17.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江蘇卷）A.has been reached B.had been reached

C.has reached

D.had reached 18.-______ you ______ him around the museum yet?（江蘇卷）-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have … shown

B.Do … show C.Had … shown

D.Did … show 19.-Ouch!You hurt me!

-I am sorry.But I

any harm.I

to drive a rat out.（江西卷）A.didn't mean;tried

B.don't mean;am trying C.haven't meant;tried

D.didn't mean;was trying 20.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You

in front of that computer too long.（江西卷）

A.work

B.are working

C.have been working

D.worked 21.I

there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.（陜西卷）A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 22.The unemployment rate in this district

from 6% to 5% in the past two years.（上海春）A．has fallen B．had fallen

C．is fall in

D．was falling 23.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it

seriously.（上海春）A．damaged B．was being damaged

C．had damaged D．had been damaged 24.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.（四川卷）A．have marked

B.have been marked

C．had marked

D．had been marked 25.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

-No, sir.I ________ a newspaper.（四川卷）

A.read

B.was reading

C.would read

D.am reading 26.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.（天津卷）

A.had discovered

B.had been discovered

C.has discovered

D.has been discovered 27.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷）-________? That's his third one in just one month.A.Had he

B.Did he

C.Does he

D.Has he

28.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（浙江卷）

A.hasn't been decided

B.haven't decided

C.isn't being decided

D.aren't decided 29.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.（浙江卷）

A.have arrived

B.arrived

C.had arrived

D.arrive 30.-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?-Yes, he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.（重慶卷）

A.didn't see

B.wouldn't see

C.hasn't seen D.hadn't seen 31.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（重慶卷）

A.is said to be buying

B.is said to have bought

C..had said to buy

D.has said to have bought 32.-Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?-As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.（重慶卷）A.writes B.does writing

C.is writing

D.does write 33.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where______?（重慶卷）A.did you go

B.have you gone

C.were you

D.had you been 34.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

-Yes, I have.I guess it ______ now.（遼寧卷）

A.has graded

B.is graded

C.is being graded

D.is grading 35.-Has your father returned from Africa yet?-Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.（遼寧卷）A.was

B.has been

C.will be

D.would be 2008年高考

1.-Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?（全國(guó)I卷）-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins

C.had joined

D.joined 2.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.（全國(guó)I卷）A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects

D.will be expected 3.-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?（安徽卷）

-----Yes, I did.You know, my brother ________ in the match.A.is playing

B.was playing

C.has played

D.had played 4.I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.（安徽卷）A.taught

B.have taught

C.are taught

D.have been taught 5.So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（福建卷）A.saw

B.see

C.had seen

D.have seen 6.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!（湖南卷）

A.was talking

B.has been talking

C.has talked

D.talked 7.Well, I'm thinking about the salary….（湖南卷）

A.offer

B.will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered 8.-I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so.He ______ for it for months.（江蘇卷）A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 9.By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.（山東卷）A.walks

B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 10.I ______it to you this morning!（浙江卷）

A.would lend

B.was lending

C.had lent

D.lent 20.-What's that noise?（浙江卷）

-Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______ A.was tested

B.will be tested

C.is being tested

D.has been tested 21.-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _______ it?（北京卷）

A.writes

B.has written

C.wrote

D.had written 22.The hotel wasn't particularly good.But I ____ in many worse hotels（北京卷）.A.was staying

B, stayed

C.would stay

D.had stayed 23.No decision

about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（北京卷）

A.will be made

B.is made

C.is being made

D.has been made 24.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.（天津卷）A.was playing

B.played

C.has played

D.had played 25.Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.（重慶卷）A.meets

B.met

C.has met

D.would meet 26.He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.（重慶卷）

A.regarded

B.was regarded

C.has regarded

D.had been regarded 27.Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.（重慶卷）A.have damaged

B.are damaging

C.damaged

D.will damage 28.Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(上海卷)Terry? Never!She ___ tents and fresh air!A.has hated

B.hated

C.will hate

D.hates 29.In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.(上海卷)A.have run

B.have been run C.had been run D.will run

參考答案

時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1 I.1.will never reach

2.missed

3.was;staring

4.asked

5.began

6.hadn't been invited

7.wrote

8.had seen

9.had hoped

10.was caught 11.didn't read

12.proved

13.had left

14.didn't realize

15.lose II.1.was holding

2.was starting

3.was waiting

4.was doing

5.had played;was going to do

6.will;see

7.were

8.will be

9.had been waiting

10.was asked 時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練2 1-10 DBCCC CDCCB

11-20 AABCA DBCDC

時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

1-5 BCCDD

6-10 ABBDB

11-15 ACACA

16-21 DBBCD

21-22 DA

時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)高考題 2007年高考

1-5 CCBCA 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CADCB

16-20 DBADC 21-25CADBB 26-30 DBABD

31-35BBCCA 2008年高考題

1-5 DABDD

6-10 ACDCA

11-15 CDACA 26-29 BBDB

21-25CDABB 16-20 ABBDC

第五篇：2018年河南專升本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法16種時(shí)態(tài)匯總

2018年河南專升本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法16種時(shí)態(tài)匯總

英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)無(wú)非就是單詞+語(yǔ)法，基礎(chǔ)不牢，地動(dòng)山搖，一切的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)都是圍繞著這兩個(gè)基礎(chǔ)去開展的。時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法范疇，它表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生或存在的方式。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間可分為現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)四種形式，動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式可分為一般、完成、進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行四種形式。將這時(shí)間形式和動(dòng)作方式結(jié)合起來(lái)，就構(gòu)成了以下16種時(shí)態(tài)形式(以do為例)：

注：構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞be(is, am, are), have(has, have), shall, will 等需根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的變化來(lái)選擇。

在這16種時(shí)態(tài)中，其中有8種時(shí)態(tài)是最重要的，也是用得最多的，是初學(xué)者必須要掌握的，它們是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(也稱一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))、一般過(guò)去時(shí)(也稱一般過(guò)去時(shí))、一般將來(lái)時(shí)(也稱一般將來(lái)時(shí))、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)(也稱過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))，其余的時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)用得較少。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

用法：

A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。

B)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。

C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

例：He always helps others.(他總是幫助別人。)

D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無(wú)法保持 主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。

E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，(僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞)可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。)

How often does this shuttle bus run?(這班車多久一趟?)

F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。)

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)

用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)

用法：

A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell

答案是C)haven't sold。

B)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或for 加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged

B)may be challenged D)are challenging

全句的意思是：“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物，但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn)，并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正?！眂hallenge是及物動(dòng)詞，在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)?？梢姶鸢甘荂)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged雖然是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合，所以不對(duì)。

C)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例：John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)

注意事項(xiàng)

A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí)，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過(guò)去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)

B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí)，有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn)，所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。

例：My sister has been married for 5 years.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù))

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(終端動(dòng)詞)

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third?? time that??”句型里要求用完成時(shí)。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。)

D)句型“It is/ has been??since”所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了。)

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ??when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成時(shí)。

例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過(guò)那位教授。)

4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)

用法：表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。)

注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

例：1997年6月四級(jí)第45 題

It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked B)is leaking

C)leaked D)has been leaking

從本題上下文看，這兩個(gè)句子的意思是：“看來(lái)，這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了，我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。D)has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for some time，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作延續(xù)，謂語(yǔ)不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有注意到本題第二句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以第一句的謂語(yǔ)不能用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

用法：

A)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

B)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的 就是過(guò)去時(shí)。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)

C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)

注意事項(xiàng)：

A)注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì)。

Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示“過(guò)去常?；蜻^(guò)去曾經(jīng)”，要求加動(dòng)詞原形;后者表示“習(xí)慣于”，要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)

用法：表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的：表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。

Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那時(shí)為止，他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒得到他的消息了?！庇纱丝梢钥闯?，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻才完成，因此謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案是D)。其它選項(xiàng)中：A)didn't hear，因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for six months連用。B)hasn't been hearing，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，與題意不符。C)hasn't heard，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

注意事項(xiàng)：“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(剛才有人在我們的房間里，因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_前門進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)

分析：雖然時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是just now，似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但是“在房間里”這個(gè)狀態(tài)是在“開門”和“注意”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前就存在的，所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

7.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/ should do)

用法：表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說(shuō)我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)

注意事項(xiàng)：由于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)組合而成的，所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。想學(xué)習(xí)更多英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)關(guān)注口袋英語(yǔ)aikoudaiyy

8.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)

用法：

A)表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。)

B)如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。)

注意事項(xiàng)：其它與將來(lái)時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參見下面所講的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

9.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

用法：

A)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。

例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。)

B)有些動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來(lái)看我，并會(huì)呆到5月。)

C)表示“打算去??，要??”時(shí)，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說(shuō)的。)

D)表示“即將、正要”時(shí)，可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)

E)“be to do”的5種用法：

a)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。)

b)該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。

例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)

c)能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)

例：How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)

d)不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to

C.is attended D.is attended to

will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是：attend表示“處理，解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是B。

e)用于條件從句“如果??想，設(shè)想”(接近if ??want to,或if ??should)

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?！?/p>

F)同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了，因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球。)

例：1999年6月四級(jí)第65題

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B)to C)at D)on

答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他?！?/p>

注意事項(xiàng)：

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)

10.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)

用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心，你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)

注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可參考“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

11.將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done)

用法：表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)[]到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間，但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)。

例：1997年1月四級(jí)第22題

The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted

C)would last D)has lasted

本題考核謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會(huì)議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期?！本渲衎y the time it ends表示動(dòng)作要延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻，因此要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。答案是B)will have lasted。如果選A)，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測(cè)，而本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。Would雖可以表示推測(cè)或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以C)would last錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)镈)has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以也不正確。

注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可以參考“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。想學(xué)習(xí)更多英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)關(guān)注口袋英語(yǔ)aikoudaiyy

12)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall have been doing，will have been doing

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

13)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

14)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：should be doing , would be doing

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說(shuō)第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間，所以最好用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

15)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：should have done , would have done

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來(lái)。但是我錯(cuò)了。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

16)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：should have been doing , would have been doing

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)