第一篇：初中英語語法練習(xí)動詞時態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練..

初中英語語法練習(xí)動詞時態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練

一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer.(go)2.It________you are right.(seem)3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground.(play)4.He______to the radio when I came in,(listen)5.It is very cold.I think it______.(rain)6.—I need some paper.—I______ some for you.(bring)7.I can’t find my pen.Who______it ?(take)8.He said that he______back in five minutes.(come)9.I didn’t meet him.He______ when I got there.(leave)10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school.(lose)11.He______down and began to read his newspaper.(sit)12.He is very hungry.He_________ anything for three days.(not eat)13.I______with you if I have time.(go)14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine.(be)15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week.(come)16.“ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998.”(buy)17.We______good friends since we met at school.（be）18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ?(do)19.The bike is nice.How much______it______?(cost)

二、選擇最佳答案填空

（）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow.A.is B.was C.will be D.is going to be（）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing.A.was B.has been C.is D.is going to be（）3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back.A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come（）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words.A.learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned（）5.Listen!Someone______in the next room.A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried（）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing（）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day.A.comes B.came C.will come D.would come（）8.We can’t find him anywhere.Perhaps he______home.A.is going B.went C.has come D.would come（）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be

（）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A.was B.is C.will be D.would be（）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.A.go B.were going C.have gone D.have been

（）12.It seemed that the old man______for something over there.A.looks B.looked C.was looking D.has looked（）13.He was sure that he______his wallet in the office.A.left B.would leave C.had left D.has left（）14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.A.won’t B.don’t C.haven’t D.hadn’t

（）15.—I’m afraid you can’t sit here.—Sorry , I______know.A.don’t B.won’t C.can’t D.didn’t

（）16.As she______the newspaper , Granny______asleep.A.read , was falling B.fell C.was reading , was falling D.read , fell（）17.—Jim is not coming tonight.—But he______!A.promises（許諾）B.promised C.will promise D.had promised（）18.—What’s her name? —I______.A.forget B.forgot C.had forgotten D.am forgetting

三、動詞時態(tài)能力綜合測試

（）1.He often______his clothes on Sundays.A.washing B.washes C.has washed D.wash（）2.I’m Chinese.Where______from?

A.do you come B.you are coming C.you come D.are you coming（）3.May______to school.A.never walks B.is never walking C.walk never D.never is walking（）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______.A.comes B.will come C.come D.is coming（）5.How long ago______playing football? A.have you stopped B.had you stopped C.did you stop D.do you stop（）6.It______ hard when I left my house.A.is raining B.rains C.was raining D.will rain（）7.I think this question______to answer.A.easy B.is easy C.was easy D.will easy（）8.Don’t talk so loudly.Your father______.A.sleeps B.is sleeping C.slept D.had slept（）9.How many people does the doctor know who______of the disease(疾病)？ A.are dying B.is dying C.has died D.dies（）10.I______my homework now.A.finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished

（）11.He______for three years.A.has joined B.has been in the army C.joined D.has served the army（）12.His grandfather______for thirty years.A.died B.was dead C.has been dead D.has died（）13.I______ from my brother for a long time.A.not have heard B.have not heard C.have heard not D.do not hear（）14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, ______always interested him.A.has B.have C.are D.is

（）15.—Did your brother go to America last year? —______.A.No , he did never go there B.No , he has never gone here C.No , he never was there D.No , he’s never been there（）16.He______ that factory since 1958.A.has left B.has worked in C.has gone from D.has come to C.have happened D.are taken place（）17.Our teacher______to Beijing three times.A.went B.had gone C.has gone D.has been（）18.Last week John______his leg.A.felt and broken B.fell and broke C.feels and breaks D.fallen and broken

（）19.Jack______his thick coat because it was snowing.A.puts on B.put on C.takes on D.took on（）20.He______the picture on the wall.A.hanged B.hung C.has hanged D.was hanged（）21.Next month______twenty five.A.has my sister B.my sister will be C.my sister shall have D.my sister is going to be

（）22.You______her again in a few weeks.A.will see B.have seen C.had seen D.have been seen（）23.By the end of last term we______English for two years.A.have studied B.have been studied C.would studied D.had studied（）24.Mrs Brown______in New York for three years before she went to London.A.lived B.had lived C.has lived D.will live（）25.When we arrived , the dinner______.A.already began B.has already begun C.had already begun D.was just begun（）26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I______ my exams.A.will finish B.finish C.finishing D.finished（）27.When______, I’ll talk to him.A.does Peter come B.Peter will come C.Peter comes D.can Peter come（）28.My sister______to see me.She’ll be here soon.A.comes B.is coming C.had come D.came（）29.They said they______our answer the next day.A.had heard B.would hear of C.would hear D.will hear（）30.The old man said that light______faster than sound.A.went B.will go C.travels D.will travel 答案：

一、1.goes 2.seems 3.are playing 4.was listening 5.is raining 6.will bring 7.took 8.would come 9.has left 10.lost 11.sat 12.hasn't eaten 13.will go 14.is 15.comes 16.did buy 17.have been 18.were doing 19.does cost

二、1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.A

三、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.B 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.C 30.C 中考英語綜合填空題專項訓(xùn)練01.附詳解

用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文正確、通順。每詞限填一次。

on，friend，ask，and，have，until，but，cheap，invite，in，mother，beautiful，much，because，put

We are going to have a party in our house this evening.It is my（1）______ birthday，and she has（2）______ my uncles and aunts and some of her（3）______.Mother and I are（4）______ to cook most of the food for the party，and father is getting the drinks.The living-room looks very pretty.Balloons of all colours are hanging from the lights（5）______ we have taken the carpets away（6）______ we are going to dance there after dinner.In the dining-room we have（7）______ out the best plates and glasses and tablecloths，and it all looks（8）______.We are going to have soup，fish，chicken，fruit and cheese.We are going to dance（9）______ midnight，and after that，we will have（10）______ food，because we will be hungry after all that dancing.Last year my mother（11）______ her birthday party in a restaurant，（12）______ it is pleasanter and（13）______ at home.When it is my birthday，I am going to invite my friends and have a party in the garden.I will hang pretty lights（14）______ the trees and we will grill our food in the garden and

6.because.前后又都是句子，且為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用連詞but.dance（15）______ the grass.「答案與解析」

本文講述的是即將為母親的生日party作準(zhǔn)備的事情，以及對去年母親生日party的回顧和對本人生日的設(shè)想。

1.mother‘s.從與前后的單詞的搭配來看應(yīng)填“某人的”，在方框中只有friend’s和mother‘s兩個；由下文的描述，特別是第三段的第一句，可知應(yīng)填mother’s.2.invited.因為要舉行party，自然就會邀請親朋好友。由前面的has可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時表示已經(jīng)邀請了，所以用invite的過去分詞invited.3.friends.見上題。

4.asked.由are可知，用ask sb to do sth的被動式，所以用過去分詞。

5.and.兩句之間一定是選連詞，兩句之間是并列關(guān)系用and.7.put.首先應(yīng)判斷用動詞，又從后面的the best plates and glasses等可知應(yīng)是已經(jīng)

“擺放”出來，所以用put的過去分詞put.8.beautiful.擺放的是最好的東西，房間看起來自然就是美的。

9.until.表示某種動用一直延續(xù)到某個時候用until.10.more.由后文跳餓了，自然就會吃得更多。

11.had.與party搭配用have，因為是去年，所以用一般過去時had.12.but.前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系用but.13.cheaper.與形容詞pleasanter并列的也一定是形容詞，且為比較級，在方框中選

出cheap和beautiful，根據(jù)常識應(yīng)是cheaper.14.in.表示在樹上一般用介詞in.注意表示在樹上結(jié)的果子時又一般在on了。

15.on.跳舞當(dāng)然是在草地上，所以用on.中考英語綜合填空題專項訓(xùn)練02.附詳解 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使短文的意思完整，需填單詞的第一個字母已經(jīng)給出。

1.among.表示最高級的比較范圍，意為“在……中”，一般用of或among，等介詞，此處已有首字母a，所以是among.It is well-known that man is much cleverer than any animal.But which is the cleverest a_______（1）the animals？ Some scientists t_______（2）it should be Alex，an African 2.think.根據(jù)前面的提問有首字母t可知是think，表示“有的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為最聰明的動物應(yīng)當(dāng)是Alex”。

grey parrot.He is unlike any other animal.He can really t_______（3）with people！

When he says “come here”，he really w_______（4）someone to come up to him.“

“Alex is as clever as a c_______（5）of 2 or 3 years old，” says Dr.Pepperberg.“He does not just repeat the s_______（6）he has been taught.He u_______（7）the words！”

Alex can tell about 50 d_______（8）things，name 7 colours and count from 1 to 6.Is the parrot actually thinking in the w_______（9）how man does？ Nobody can say.But the q_______（10）is very interesting.答案與解析

本文論述了非洲灰色鸚鵡被一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為是最聰明的動物。

3.talk.根據(jù)下文對他會講會的描述和空格后的with，可知是talk with sb（同……

談話）。

4.wants.根據(jù)前面的come here及后文的句式搭配可知是want sb to do sth（想要某人做某事）。

5.child.根據(jù)后面的兩叁歲可知是小孩。

6.sounds.由前文的talk和后文的words可知是重復(fù)教他講話的聲音。

7.understands.從后文的描述可知，他不但會重復(fù)教他的聲音而且還明白其意思。

8.different.根據(jù)things是復(fù)數(shù)及首字母的提示可知是指不同的（different）事物。9.way.根據(jù)句意“他的思維方式是否與的思維方式一樣呢？”。搭配：in the way用這種方式。

10.question.上文“Is the parrot…？”提出的是一個問題。

中考英語綜合填空題專項訓(xùn)練04.附詳解

根據(jù)上下文和括號里的漢語提示，在下面的空白處寫出正確的單詞和短語，使短文意思完整。

Perhaps more than any other people，Americans have come to depend on their cars.The family car（1）______（一直是）a common thing（2）______（從……以來）the early twentieth century，and it has changed American life.Many people have moved（3）______（外面）of the large cities to the suburbs.Some Americans spend（4）______（每天兩小時）or more in their cars（5）______（去上班）and home again.Cars have become the（6）______（工具）of transportation for most Americans going shopping，and even going on vacations.Americans（7）______（過去常常）like big cars，and gasoline used to be very inexpensive.Recently，（8）______（然而），the cost of gasoline has increased； smaller

cars have become（9）______（更常見）。Also foreign cars have become very common.Americans have bought（10）______（大量的）Japanese and German cars.They have bought cars from several other countries as well.「答案與解析」

美國多數(shù)人都擁有汽車，因此有“車輪上的民族”之稱，本文就是講美國人使用汽

車的一些情況的。

1.has been.句中無動詞，由“是”可知要用be；結(jié)合第2題可知要用be的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

2.since.它引出的時間狀語常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。

3.outside.修飾動詞moved要用副詞outside；另外，短語outside of是“……的外面”。

4.two hours a day.注意表示單位時間的詞“每天（a day）”要放后面。又如：每小時十公里ten kilometers an hour.5.going to work.注意與前面spend的句型搭配：spend…（in）doing sth 花多少時間或金錢做某事。6.means.注意means（工具、方法、手段）這本單詞本身就是以s結(jié)尾的，且單復(fù)數(shù)同形，若作主語要根據(jù)句意來確定是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

7.used to.表示過去常常用“used to +動詞原形”。

8.however.注意however是副詞，且后面常有逗號；但是but是連詞其后無逗號。

9.more common.后面省略了than big cars，所以用比較級；common的比較級是在前面加more.10.large numbers of.表示“大量的”還可用a large number of.中考英語綜合填空題專項訓(xùn)練08.附詳解

閱讀下列短文，在每個空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z單詞，使短文在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上完整。

School education is very important and useful.Yet no one can _______（1）everything at school and a teacher cannot teach his _______（2）everything they want to know.His _______（3）is to show his students _______（4）to learn.He teaches them how to read

_______（5）how to think.So much more is to be learned outside school by the students _______（6）。

It is always more _______（7）to know how to study _______（8）oneself.It is quite _______（9）to learn something，but it is difficult to use it to solve problems.Great

inventors do not get everything _______（10）school，but they still can ______（11）

many things and change the world a lot.How can the inventors do all of this？ _______（12）of the answers is： they_______

（13）how to study.A lot of things are not _______（14）in the classroom.They got a lot _______（14）knowledge by reading outside school.They work hard and never give up all their lives.「答案與解析」

1.learn / study.由后文的at school可知是“學(xué)習(xí)”。

2.students / pupils.老師教當(dāng)然是教他的學(xué)生。

3.work / job.結(jié)合全句的意思可知：老師的工作就是教會學(xué)生如何學(xué)習(xí)。4.how.見上題。

5.and.前后的how to read與how to think顯然是并列關(guān)系，所以用and.6.themselves.句意：還有更多的知識要靠學(xué)生自己在出校門后自學(xué)。

7.important / necessary 句意：知道如何自學(xué)往往更重要或更必要。詞組：teach by oneself自學(xué)。

8.by.見上題。

9.easy.因but表示前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后文是difficult，前文應(yīng)當(dāng)就是easy.10.at / in / from.句意：發(fā)明家們并沒有在學(xué)校或從學(xué)校學(xué)到了一切。

11.invent / do / make 由前面的inventors和后文的“改變世界”可知，他們發(fā)明了許多東西。

12.One.從后文的答語和謂語動詞is可知，是其中的一個答案。one of“……中的一個”。

13.know.第7空后有明顯的提示：know how to study.14.taught / learnt / learned.由in the classroom可知是老師“教給”或自己“學(xué)到”，注意是被動語態(tài)，要用過去分詞。

15.of.固定搭配：a lot of許多。

第二篇：英語語法—動詞時態(tài)（推薦）

動詞時態(tài)

英語語法中的時態(tài)（tense）是一種動詞形式，不同的時態(tài)用以表示不同的時間與方式。動詞時態(tài)是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。

所謂“時”就是行為發(fā)生的時段或狀態(tài)存在的時段，即：“現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過去、將來”四種；所謂“態(tài)”就是行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài)四種。由時態(tài)結(jié)合，便形成下列十六種時態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，一般過去將來時； 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，過去進(jìn)行時，將來進(jìn)行時，過去將來進(jìn)行時； 現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，將來完成時，過去將來完成時；

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，過去完成進(jìn)行時，將來完成進(jìn)行時，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時． 一般現(xiàn)在時

1.概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況、有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況、總是發(fā)生的事和事實真理。2.時間狀語：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month?），once a week(day, year, month?），on Sundays（on Mondays ?）.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + do/does +其他；（如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）。

4.否定形式：主語 + am/is/are + not + 其他（此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞）。5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。6.例句：（1）It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。

（2）He is always ready to help others.他總是樂于幫助別人。（3）Action speaks louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。一般過去時

1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。

2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month?），in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + 動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞。

4.否定形式：主語 + was/were + not + 其他(在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞)。5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。6.例句：（1）She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。（2）I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是這么忙。一般將來時

1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作、打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.標(biāo)志：Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes,，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語 + am/is/are + going to + do sth（2）主語 + will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句：在系動詞is/am/are或情態(tài)動詞will/shall后加not 5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。{首字母大寫} 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將有一場比賽和我們一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。一般過去將來時

1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。2.時間狀語：The next day(morning , year?），the following month(week?），etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + was/were + going to + do + 其它；主語 + would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式：主語 + was/were + not + going to + do;主語 + would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：（1）He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。（2）I asked who was going there.我問，誰要去那里?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc.look, listen 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ be + doing + 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + be + not +doing + 其它 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？ He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。過去進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。

2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其它 5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。（第一個字母大寫）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段時間她在人民解放軍部隊工作。When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他進(jìn)來時，我正在讀報紙。將來進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。

2.時間狀語：Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它

5.例句：This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的這個時間，他們正坐在電影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去參加聚會了。過去將來進(jìn)行時 1.概念：表示就過去某一時間而言，將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，主要用于賓語從句中，尤其多用于間接引語中。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞

3.例句：They said they would be coming.他們說了他們將要來。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他說他不能來因為要開會。現(xiàn)在完成時

1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2.時間狀語：yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 時間點，for + 時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have/has + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + have/has + not + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問句：have或has放句首。

6.例句：I've written an article.我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在過去的幾年，農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。過去完成時

1.概念：以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。

2.時間狀語：Before, by the end of last year(term, month?），etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + had + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它

4.否定形式：主語 + had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到車站的時候，火車已經(jīng)開走了。

By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上個月底，我們已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了四本書?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + had + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 ①肯定句：主語 + had + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它

②否定句：主語 + had + not + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 ③一般疑問句：Had +主語 + p.p（過去分詞）+其它 ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 將來完成時

1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)。

2.時間狀語：by the time of;by the end of + 時間短語（將來）；by the time + 從句（將來）3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p（過去分詞）+ 其它 4例句：By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回來的時候，就將發(fā)生巨大的變化。過去將來完成時

1.概念：表示在過去某一時間對將來某一時刻以前所會發(fā)生的動作，常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實相反。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would have done sth.3.例句：I thought you'd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經(jīng)走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前干完。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have/has + been + doing + 其它 3.時間狀語：since + 時間點，for + 時間段等。

4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.我已經(jīng)在這里坐了一個小時。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.從6點起，孩子們一直看電視。過去完成進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示某個正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過去某個時刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + had + been + doing + 其它

3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧？ 4.特殊含義：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已經(jīng)在寫小說了。（他沒寫完）②企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過這個諺語。（他曾努力學(xué)習(xí)過它）③未得結(jié)果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力于敵人所說的。（但是我們沒有理解）

④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。（最近）⑤反復(fù)動作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。（屢次）⑥情緒：What had he been doing？他做了什么 將來完成進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：shall/will have been doing 3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個工廠工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關(guān)了。過去將來完成進(jìn)行時

1.概念：表示從過去某時看至未來某時以前會一直在進(jìn)行的動作。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：should/would + have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞

3.例子：He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告訴我，到年底時，他就在那住了30年了。

第三篇：初中英語語法總結(jié)(動詞的時態(tài))

初中英語語法總結(jié)(動詞的時態(tài))

11.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。

時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。

例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七點

離開家。

2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用

一般現(xiàn)在時。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。4）現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。

比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now.我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行 的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客 觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。11.2 一般過去時的用法

1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ 2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。

例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……時間了” “該……了”。

例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。句型：It is time that sb.did sth.“時間已遲了” “早該……了”，例如: It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。句型：would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。

例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

例如：I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。

比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能幫我一下。2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？

11.3 used to / be used to used to + do：“過去常常”表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。

be used to + doing：對……已感到習(xí)慣，或“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名 詞或動名詞。

例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。

典型例題

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't 答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時。

11.4 一般將來時

1）shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。

例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？

2）be going to +不定式，表示將來。a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

4）be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。

例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的

時間狀語連用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好準(zhǔn)備

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你脫下衣服,我們將在鏡子前幫你穿上新衣服 11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或 計劃。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）11.7 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時 可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火車明天上午六點開。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽車什么時候開？十分鐘后。

2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.車來了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.鈴響了。3）在時間或條件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比爾來后，讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就寫信給你。4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。11.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來

下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 可以表示將來。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？ 11.9 現(xiàn)在完成時

現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還 存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have（has）+過去分詞。

11.10 比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn) 在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。

2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語 連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。

現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了）

I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）He has been in the League for three years.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）注意:句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。

（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11.11 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型

1）It is the first / second time … that… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在 完成時。

例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 答案B.This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。注意： 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)

生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.11.12 比較since和for Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。

例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。(延續(xù))I have lived here since I was born.我從出生起就住在這兒了。(開始時間)注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。

1）（對）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（錯）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.顯然，第二句不對，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.11.13 since的四種用法

1）since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。

例如： I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在這兒。2）since +一段時間+ ago。

例如： I have been here since five months ago.我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個月了。

3）since +從句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，變化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我們走后，變化可大了。

4）It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有兩年了。11.14 延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 1）用于完成時的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時 間狀語連用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。（表結(jié)果）I've known him since then.我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。（表經(jīng)歷）2）用于till / until從句的差異

延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示 “到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 點才回來。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10點。典型例題

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 答案B.首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。

再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 答案A.等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。11.15 過去完成時 1）概念：表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時 以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。b.狀語從句

在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一 般過去時。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到達(dá)時，小偷們早就跑了。

c.表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過去完成時表示“原本…，未能…”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。

3）過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆失望了，因為他到達(dá)晚會時，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。典型例題 ：

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left 答案D.“把書忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在“同學(xué)們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。

注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我剛打開門，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時

1）兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。2）兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.我聽到這個消息后，很興奮。3）敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老師告訴我們，哥倫比亞在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美州。11.17 將來完成時

第四篇：初中be動詞專項練習(xí)

Be動詞專項練習(xí)

1.There ________(be)many monkeys in the mountain.2.There_________(be)a beautiful garden in our school.3.There _________(be)some water in the glass.4.There __________(be)some bread on the table.5._______(be)Tom ___________(read)a book now? 6.Where ________(be)your friends yesterday?

7.When _________(do)your father usually _________(go)to work? 8.How old __________(be0 you last year? 9.Which dog ________(be)yours? 10.Ten and two ________(be)twelve

選擇填空：

1.My brother ____ a teacher.He ____ his pupils very much.A.is, like B.is, likes C.are, likes D.are, like 2.A: How many days ____ there in a week? B: There ____ seven.A.is, is B.are, are C.is, are D.are, is 3.The boy ____ ill today.A.are B.is C.be D.am 4.What _____ your father _____?

A.do, like

B.is, like

C.are, likes

D.does, like 5._____ you go to school by bus?

A.Are

B.Is

C.Do

D.Does 6.When _____ your birthday?

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does 7.Which ____ bigger, the sun or the moon?

A.are B.is C.be D.× 8.My teacher often _____ shopping on Sundays.A.goes

B.gos

C.go

D.goes 9.Listen!The children_____________.A.sings

B.are singing

C.is singing

D.is sing 10.Her voice ____ like my mother's.A.sounds B.sound C.looks D.look 11.It often rains and the crops ____ fast.A.get B.turn C.grow D.become 12.A: How are you ____ now? B: Much better, thank you.A.getting B.feeling C.making D.turning 1

13.He _____ swimming.A.don’t likes

B.doesn’t likes

C.not like

D.doesn’t like

14.What ______ they _____ on Saturdays?

A.does, does

B.do, do

C.do, does

D.does, do 15.Yang Ling______do exercise with____.A.doesn’t, us

B.don’t, we

C./, us D.don’t, us

一、請在下列的句子中填上恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞。1.I______ a boy.______ you a boy ? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?

6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?

8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?

13.The jeans ______ on the desk.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk _____ for me.19.Some tea ______ in the glass.21.My sister's name ______Nancy.22.This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.23.______ David and Helen from England? 24.There ______ a girl in the room.25.There ______ some apples on the tree.28.There _______ some bread on the plate.30.You, he and I ______ from China.二、在下面的短文中填上恰當(dāng)be動詞。

I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary

I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.

第五篇：初中英語語法時態(tài)總結(jié)

初中英語語法動詞時態(tài)總結(jié) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時

1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七點離開家。2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。4）現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。例如： I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。

比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。二、一般過去時

1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？

2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……時間了” “該……了”。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。

It is time that sb.did sth.“時間已遲了” “早該……了”，例如It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。

would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在

。例如：I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。

比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。

1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎？ I wondered if you could help me.能不能幫我一下。2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？ 11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do：“過去常?！北硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。

be used to + doing：對……已感到習(xí)慣，或“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。例如：

He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。典型例題

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't

答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時。三、一般將來時

1）shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？ 2）be going to +不定式，表示將來。

a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。

c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。4）be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5）be going to / will 用于條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6）be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）7）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火車明天上午六點開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽車什么時候開？十分鐘后。2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如： Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.車來了。There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.鈴響了。3）在時間或條件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比爾來后，讓他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就寫信給你。4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。8）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時標(biāo)將來

下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？

四、現(xiàn)在完成時

現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have（has）+過去分詞。11.10 比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。

2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。

現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。

共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了）

I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）

He has been in the League for three years.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。

（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.4）用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型

1）It is the first / second time....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問這城市。This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。典型例題

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming

答案B.This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。

（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come 答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。

注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

（錯）I have received his letter for a month.6（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.5)比較since 和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我從出生起就住在這兒了。注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）

I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。1）（對）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（錯）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.顯然，第二句不對，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.6)since的四種用法

1）since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：

I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在這兒。2）since +一段時間+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago.我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個月了。3）since +從句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，變化可大了。Great changes have taken place since we were here.我們走后，變化可大了。4）It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有兩年了。7）延續(xù)性動詞與瞬間動詞 1）用于完成時的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。（表結(jié)果）

I've known him since then.我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。（表經(jīng)歷）2）用于till / until從句的差異

延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 點才回來。He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10點。典型例題

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet

答案B.首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

答案A.等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。

五、過去完成時

1）概念：表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如： She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。b.狀語從句

在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到達(dá)時，小偷們早就跑了。

c.表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示“原本…，未能…”。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。

3）過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆失望了，因為他到達(dá)晚會時，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left

答案D.“把書忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在“同學(xué)們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。

注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我剛打開門，他就打了我。had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。4）一般過去時代替過去完成時

1）兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。）兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.六、將來完成時

1）構(gòu)成will have done 2）概念

a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那時他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。b.動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的經(jīng)驗。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此時，你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。

七、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法：

a.表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。

b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）

c.表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如： The leaves are turning red.葉子在變紅。It's getting warmer and warmer.天越來越熱了。

d.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind.你老是改變主意。典型例題

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。2）不用進(jìn)行時的動詞

1）事實狀態(tài)的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有兩兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister.這房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的幫助。He loves her very much.他愛她很深。

3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：

I accept your advice.我接受你的勸告。

4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：

You seem a little tired.你看上去有點累。

八、過去進(jìn)行時

1）概念：表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。

2）過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作延續(xù)的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。

3）常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。

It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站時，正下著雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時，陽光燦爛。典型例題

1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes 答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，“瑪麗在做衣服時”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時。

2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read；was falling B.was reading； fell C.was reading； was falling D.read；fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為“當(dāng)……之時”。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進(jìn)行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為 “在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了?！本渲械?fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。

動詞時態(tài)形式一覽表