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      新視野大學(xué)英語第三版 book 2 課后翻譯(合集5篇)

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 23:39:27下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《新視野大學(xué)英語第三版 book 2 課后翻譯》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《新視野大學(xué)英語第三版 book 2 課后翻譯》。

      第一篇:新視野大學(xué)英語第三版 book 2 課后翻譯

      新視野大學(xué)英語第三版 book 2 unit 1 翻譯 英譯中:

      English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language.Like other languages, English has changed greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods : Old English, Middle English and Modern English.The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world.The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English.Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人們普遍認(rèn)為英語是一種世界語言,經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣,英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個(gè)主要階段:古英語,中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀(jì),當(dāng)時(shí)三個(gè)日耳曼部落入侵英國,他們對(duì)英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會(huì)初期,英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀(jì)初,它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險(xiǎn)和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天,由于美國電影、電視、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎,美國英語的影響力尤其顯。

      中譯英:

      中國書法(calligraphy)是一門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)、是世界上獨(dú)一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成,發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中,一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個(gè)人的生活感受、學(xué)識(shí)、修養(yǎng)、個(gè)性等折射出來,所以,通常有“字如其人”的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶,而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨(dú)放異彩。

      Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures o Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.新視野大學(xué)英語 第三版 book 2 unit 2 課后翻譯 英 翻 中

      A M00C(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, M00Cs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.M00Cs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程,它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入。慕課是遠(yuǎn)程教育邁出的最新一步,現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程,大學(xué)可以擴(kuò)大影響的范圍,從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生,擴(kuò)展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料,慕課還給使用者提供互動(dòng)論壇,支持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流。慕課能夠促進(jìn)參與者之間的交流,使得多種觀點(diǎn)、知識(shí)和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來;它鼓勵(lì)人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程,至是嘗試新的教育方式;它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式,鼓勵(lì)多模式學(xué)習(xí),以各種

      學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求;另外,慕課促進(jìn)教學(xué)的改善,使技術(shù)在面對(duì)面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用。

      中 翻 英

      近年來,隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,我國的數(shù)字化教育資源建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)的平臺(tái),數(shù)字化教學(xué)在教育中發(fā)揮著越來越大的作用。和傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方式相比,數(shù)字化教學(xué)方式有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。一方面,數(shù)字化教學(xué)使教學(xué)資源得以全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和空間,人們可以隨時(shí)隨地通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)入數(shù)字化的虛擬學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。這使得人類從接受一次性教育走向終身學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。

      In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.unit 3 課后翻譯

      英翻中 As an important part of the American culture value system, “individualism” is admired by most American people.Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members.In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically.What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual.With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices.Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant.Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family.作為美國文化價(jià)值體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分,“個(gè)人主義”受到大多數(shù)美國人的推崇。美國人認(rèn)為家庭作為一個(gè)群體,其主要目的是促進(jìn)家庭各成員的幸福。與許多其他文化相比,美國家庭成員的主要職責(zé),不是在社會(huì)上或經(jīng)濟(jì)上提高整個(gè)家庭的地位。人們通常認(rèn)為,什么是對(duì)個(gè)人最好的要比什么是對(duì)家庭最好的更為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責(zé)任,因?yàn)樗x擇的自由承載了責(zé)任,即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由,因?yàn)樗麄兿M⒆觽兡軌颡?dú)立和自力更生。在美國人強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人自由的同時(shí),父母與孩子間平等的信念也對(duì)美國家庭產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。

      中翻英

      孝道(filial piety)是中國古代社會(huì)的基本道德規(guī)范(code of ethics)。中國人把孝視為人格之本、家庭和睦之本、國家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家倫理思想的核心,它成了中國社會(huì)千百年來維系家庭關(guān)系的道德準(zhǔn)則。它毫無疑問是中華民族的一種傳統(tǒng)美德。孝道文化是一個(gè)復(fù)合概念,內(nèi)容豐富,涉及面廣。它既有文化理念,又有制度禮儀(institutional etiquette)。一般來說,它指社會(huì)要求子女對(duì)父母應(yīng)盡的義務(wù),包括尊敬、關(guān)愛、贍養(yǎng)老人等等。孝道是古老的“東方文明”之根本。

      Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society.Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being.With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years.It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue.The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range.It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes.Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth.Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.unit 4 課后翻譯

      英翻中 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會(huì)慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié)。這是一個(gè)充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日,戀人之間通常都會(huì)交換情人卡和愛情信物。關(guān)于這個(gè)節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。一個(gè)傳說是羅馬人把一個(gè)叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄,因?yàn)樗芙^相信羅馬神。2月14日那天,瓦倫丁被處死,不僅因?yàn)樗腔酵?,而且因?yàn)樗斡艘晃槐O(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來,2月14日就成了一個(gè)人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日?,F(xiàn)在,人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié),他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花,贈(zèng)送巧克力或其他禮品,或共進(jìn)浪漫的晚餐。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國,這個(gè)節(jié)日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。

      中翻英 農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié)(Qixi Festival),是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個(gè)節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動(dòng),年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此,七夕節(jié)被認(rèn)為是中國的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳,每年的這個(gè)夜晚,天上的織女都會(huì)與牛郎相會(huì)。所以,在七夕的夜晚,人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河(the Milky Way)相會(huì)。姑娘們也會(huì)在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧,以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時(shí)代的變遷,這些活動(dòng)正在消失,唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。

      July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.unit 5 課后翻譯

      英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century.It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies.Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World.European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth.This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history.European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大發(fā)現(xiàn)年代,也被稱為大勘探年代,是歐洲進(jìn)行全球勘查的一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期,始于15世紀(jì)初并一直持續(xù)到18世紀(jì)。這一時(shí)期通常被認(rèn)為是中世紀(jì)和近代之間的橋梁,當(dāng)時(shí)西方帝國主義剛興起,歐洲各王國之間正在經(jīng)濟(jì)上互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng),他們想通過建立貿(mào)易路線和殖民地來尋找財(cái)富。在這一時(shí)期眾多偉大的探險(xiǎn)家中,最杰出的是克里斯托弗?哥倫布,因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致了殖民帝國的崛起,舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促成了兩邊的互相交換:大量的植物、動(dòng)物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)和文化在全球范圍內(nèi)最重大的活動(dòng)之一。歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能,從而使人們看到一個(gè)新的世界與古老的文明正遙相呼應(yīng)。中翻英 絲綢之路(Silk Road)是我國古代一條連接中國和歐亞大陸(Eurasia)的交通線路,由于這條商路以絲綢貿(mào)易為主,故稱“絲綢之路”。作為國際貿(mào)易的通道和文化交流的橋梁,絲綢之路有效地促進(jìn)了東西方經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流和發(fā)展,對(duì)世界文明進(jìn)程有著深遠(yuǎn)影響。當(dāng)前,在新的歷史條件下,我國提出了“一帶一路”(One Belt, One Road)(即“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”和“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”)的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想?!耙粠б宦贰币院献鞴糙A為核心,強(qiáng)調(diào)相關(guān)各國的互利共贏和共同發(fā)展。這一戰(zhàn)略一經(jīng)提出即受到沿線各國的積極響應(yīng)。

      The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia.This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”.As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road).The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries.Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.unit 7 課后翻譯

      英翻中 The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants.For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red.Though white has become the most preferred color for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era.White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding.The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen.Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention.As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back.This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs.婚紗禮服的顏色和款式可取決于婚禮參與者的宗教和文化。例如,在西方文化中新娘通常會(huì)選擇白色的婚紗,而在中國,傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)婚禮服是紅色的。雖然白色已成為當(dāng)今婚紗禮服在世界各地最受青睞的顏色,可是這在維多利亞時(shí)期之前并不是一個(gè)普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成為了一個(gè)受歡迎的選擇,那年維多利亞女王在她的婚禮上穿了一件白色的禮服。官方的婚禮照片被廣泛刊登后,很多新娘都仿效女王選擇白色。很多人相信白色象征著童貞,盡管這不是她們選擇白色的初衷。就款式而言,婚紗禮服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是長長的裙擺。這種趨勢(shì)一直持續(xù)到20世紀(jì)60年代后期,那個(gè)時(shí)期全長裙邊的設(shè)計(jì)恢復(fù)了流行。

      中翻英

      中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng),因而有很多與絲綢相關(guān)的藝術(shù),刺繡(embroidery)就是其中的一種。刺繡是中國民間傳統(tǒng)手工藝之一,至少有兩、三千年的歷史。從事刺繡的多為女子,因此刺繡又被稱為“女紅”(women's needlework)。刺繡在中國受到了人們廣泛的喜愛。刺繡可用來裝飾衣物,如在衣服、被子、枕套(pillowcase)等物品上繡上美麗的圖案,也可制作成特別的飾品(ornament)。中國有四大名繡: 蘇州的蘇繡、廣東的粵繡、湖南的湘繡以及四川的蜀繡。各種繡法不僅風(fēng)格有差異,主題也各有不同。在這其中,蘇州的蘇繡最負(fù)盛名。

      China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called “women's needlework”.Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and things.For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc.can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.

      第二篇:新視野大學(xué)英語第三版 book 2 unit 4 課后翻譯

      新視野大學(xué)英語 BOOK 2 unit 4 課后翻譯

      英翻中

      Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和歐洲各國都會(huì)慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié)。這是一個(gè)充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日,戀人之間通常都會(huì)交換情人卡和愛情信物。關(guān)于這個(gè)節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。一個(gè)傳說是羅馬人把一個(gè)叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄,因?yàn)樗芙^相信羅馬神。2月14日那天,瓦倫丁被處死,不僅因?yàn)樗腔酵?,而且因?yàn)樗斡艘晃槐O(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一天晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來,2月14日就成了一個(gè)人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日。現(xiàn)在,人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié),他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花,贈(zèng)送巧克力或其他禮品,或共進(jìn)浪漫的晚餐?,F(xiàn)在這個(gè)節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國,這個(gè)節(jié)日也正越來越受年輕人的歡迎。

      中翻英

      農(nóng)歷七月初七是中國的七夕節(jié)(Qixi Festival),是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中最具浪漫色彩的一個(gè)節(jié)日。一些大的商家每年都舉辦不同的活動(dòng),年輕人也送禮物給他們的情人。因此,七夕節(jié)被認(rèn)為是中國的“情人節(jié)”(Valentine's Day)。七夕節(jié)來自牛郎與織女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的傳說。相傳,每年的這個(gè)夜晚,天上的織女都會(huì)與牛郎相會(huì)。所以,在七夕的夜晚,人們可以看到牛郎織女在銀河(the Milky Way)相會(huì)。姑娘們也會(huì)在這一天晚上向天上的織女乞求智慧,以獲得美滿姻緣。但隨著時(shí)代的變遷,這些活動(dòng)正在消失,唯有標(biāo)志著忠貞愛情的牛郎織女的傳說一直流傳民間。

      July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, 新視野大學(xué)英語 BOOK 2 unit 4 課后翻譯

      with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.

      第三篇:新視野大學(xué)英語第一冊(cè)-課后翻譯

      新視野大學(xué)英語 第一冊(cè)

      Unit1 1.與以英語為母語的人交談是非常有益的體驗(yàn),從中我們能學(xué)到許多東西。

      We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of English.2.在市長(mayor)的幫助下,我們最終獲準(zhǔn)接觸這起交通事故的受害者。

      With the mayor's help, we were at last allowed access to those people who suffered from the traffic accident.3.鮑勃和弗蘭克一直不和。令他們尷尬的是,他們將到同一個(gè)部門工作。

      Bob and Frank didn't get along well with each other.It was embarrassing that they were to work in the same department.4.小時(shí)候,我總告訴妹妹說狼(wolf)來了,把她嚇得直哭。

      As a boy, I used to intimidate my sister into crying by telling her that a wolf was coming.5.作科學(xué)研究不容易,不僅需要時(shí)間、精力和經(jīng)費(fèi),還需要具有自制力和奉獻(xiàn)精神。It is not easy to do scientific research;it requires time, energy and money as well as discipline and commitment.Unit 2 1.芬奇先生沖進(jìn)她的房間,朝著她喊道: “難道你就不能把音樂關(guān)小一點(diǎn)?”

      Mr.Finch burst into her room and shouted at her: “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”

      2.我喜歡搖滾音樂,因?yàn)樗ǔ9?jié)奏強(qiáng),寓意深。

      I like rock music because it usually has a strong rhythm and a powerful message.3.像往常一樣,當(dāng)他的父母不喜歡他的穿著時(shí),便開始嘮叨(bug)他。

      As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start to bug him.4.代溝美國有,中國也有(as well as)。

      Generation gaps exist in the United States as well as in China.5.桑迪的母親比以前更煩她,而她與母親的爭(zhēng)論較之平常也就更多。

      As her mother bugged Sandy much more than before, she argued with her mother a lot more than usual, too.Unit 3 1.既然你計(jì)劃移居加拿大, 那你必須努力適應(yīng)寒冷的氣候。Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to a cold weather.2.他承諾幫助我們買下那幢房子, 但有點(diǎn)勉強(qiáng)。

      He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.3.這是一次重要的會(huì)議, 請(qǐng)務(wù)必不要遲到。

      This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.4.他是個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的商人;他做國際貿(mào)易已有好幾年了。

      He is an experienced businessman;he has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.5.她力勸我接受那個(gè)新職位, 雖然那職位報(bào)酬并不優(yōu)厚。

      She urged me to accept the new post, although the job is not very well paid.Unit4 1.不管是有意識(shí)還是無意識(shí),人們往往用眼神、面部表情、形體動(dòng)作和態(tài)度表露真情,從而使他人產(chǎn)生包括從舒適到害怕的一連串反應(yīng)。

      Consciously or unconsciously, people show their true feelings with their eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging from comfort to fear.2.想想你與一個(gè)陌生人的偶遇,把注意力集中在最初的七秒鐘。你當(dāng)時(shí)有何感想,你是如何 “解讀”他的呢?

      Think of your encounter with a stranger.Focus on the first seven seconds.What did you feel and think? How did you “read”this person?

      3.當(dāng)時(shí)你全身心地投入到了自己正在談?wù)摰氖虑橹?,是那么專注,以至于完全沒有感覺到害羞。

      You were committed to what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that you lost all self-consciousness.4.雖然演說家常常傳遞著混合不清的信息,而聽眾則總是相信親眼所見勝于耳聞。Public speakers often send mixed messages, but the audience always believe what they see over what they hear.5.如果你要給人留下好印象,其決竅在于始終如一保持自我,你最佳的自我。

      If you want to make a good impression, the trick/skilled way is to be consistently you, at your best.Unit5 1.不管花多少錢,我們都要盡最大努力延長這位感染艾滋病毒的姑娘的生命。

      We'll do our best to help the girl infected with the AIDS virus to live longer, regardless of the cost.2.請(qǐng)把電視機(jī)關(guān)掉,因?yàn)樵胍魰?huì)使她分心,以致無法專心做家庭作業(yè)。

      Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.3.由于缺乏資金和必要設(shè)備,這家公司過了很長時(shí)間才實(shí)施提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的計(jì)劃。It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.4.上課時(shí),鮑勃常常準(zhǔn)備一些圖畫來說明課文中所講述的內(nèi)容。

      It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.5.有能力、成功的商人善于利用各種資源來賺錢。

      An able and successful businessman is good at making use of all the resources to make money.Unit 6 1.有了他父親給的錢,他就能在附近的鎮(zhèn)上買棟房子了。(afford)With the money given by his father, he could afford a house in the town nearby.2.那位年輕女士太激動(dòng),以至情不自禁地提出了婚姻話題。(bring up)The young lady was so excited that she could not restrain herself from bringing up the subject of marriage.3.恐怕你今天見不到他啦,一小時(shí)前,他剛被派去執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)了。(mission)I'm afraid you can't see him today because he was sent on an important mission just an hour ago.4.她年輕時(shí),常常在筆記本里記下一些摘引自詩歌的內(nèi)容。(quotation)When she was young, she used to store quotations from poems in a notebook.5.不管他們是誰,他們都得對(duì)這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。(whoever)Whoever they are, they should take responsibility for the accident.Unit 7 1.一天當(dāng)我沿著大街走的時(shí)候,錢包被人偷了。

      The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.2.我喜歡乘公共汽車上班,而不是自己駕車。那天上午也不例外。

      When I go to work, I prefer taking a bus rather than driving and that morning was no exception.3.在遭受武裝襲擊的受害者中,很少有人能夠辨認(rèn)出襲擊他們的人,因?yàn)樗麄兊淖⒁饬θ?集中在槍上,而不是放在持槍人上。

      Some victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.4.這兩個(gè)劫匪的作案手法表明他們可能就是過去幾個(gè)月里這一地區(qū)多起搶劫案的肇事者。The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months.5.我們珍惜自己行動(dòng)的自由, 勞動(dòng)的果實(shí)和我們的生命。

      We hold dear/value our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and, our own lives.Unit8 1.她對(duì)那可憐的病孩充滿了同情。

      She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.2.(諺)欲尋珍珠就要潛入水中。

      He who would search for jewels must dive below.3.我原本打算昨天晚上去看電影,但卻下了雨。

      I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.4.許許多多人投訴這家餐館服務(wù)質(zhì)量差勁。

      There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.5.醫(yī)學(xué)檢查證實(shí)她身體狀況良好。

      Medical tests established that she was in good health.Unit9 1.在21世紀(jì),人們將在家里通過因特網(wǎng)購貨,并將貨送到家里。

      In the 21st Century people will order their goods at home through the Internet and have them delivered.2.對(duì)高層次經(jīng)理來說,增長管理方面的信息和知識(shí)將更重要。

      The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top managers.3.由于許多地方禁止抽煙廣告,抽煙就將受到批評(píng)(under siege)了。

      As smoking advertising is banned in many areas, smoking(cigarettes)will be under siege.4.做家庭作業(yè)時(shí),每十個(gè)學(xué)生有八人將使用諸如博物館和科學(xué)設(shè)施這樣的資源。

      Eight out of every ten students will use sources such as museums and science facilities in doing their homework assignments.5.正是我們的所為和我們的所不為才決定我們的將來。

      It is what we do and what we do not do that determine our future.Unit10 1.你要么跟我們出去,要么待在家里,沒有折中辦法。(middle point)You have to either go out with us or to stay at home.There is no middle point.2.老師表揚(yáng)了那些學(xué)習(xí)用功、考試考得好的學(xué)生。(give someone credit)

      The teacher gave credit to the students who had studied hard and done well in the exam.3.我工作的地方有很多計(jì)算機(jī)。(where)Where I work there are plenty of computers.4.換言之,要保持自我,面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí),不可貪財(cái)圖利。(sell out to)In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don't sell out to convenience.5.那些缺乏真正內(nèi)涵的人總是依賴外在因素——如外表或地位,以使自己感覺良好。(feel good)Those who lack genuine core values always rely on external factors – their looks or status – in order to feel good about themselves.

      第四篇:新視野大學(xué)英語3課后翻譯

      Unit 11、No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.無論你是多么富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的演說家,無論你做了多么充分的準(zhǔn)備,你都很難再這樣嘈雜的招待會(huì)上發(fā)表演講。

      2、Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.就想吉米妹妹的朋友都關(guān)心吉米一樣,吉米也關(guān)心他們。

      3、Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.汽車生產(chǎn)商在新車的幾處都印有汽車識(shí)別號(hào)碼,以便幫助找回被盜的車輛。

      4、If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.老師回來時(shí)你敢告我狀的話,我就不再和你說話了。

      5、Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.有些老年人愿意獨(dú)自過日子,但大多數(shù)老人選擇和兒女一起生活。

      6、Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.現(xiàn)在需要面對(duì)的問題是:如何籌集創(chuàng)建公司所需的資金。

      1.在思維方面,與他的行為一樣,他是非常傳統(tǒng)的。(Use “as” with the meaning of

      “ in the way that, in the manner that, like”.)

      In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.教室一旦同意接受新的教學(xué)計(jì)劃,他們就得面對(duì)新計(jì)劃所帶給他們的壓力。

      (Use” once” as a conjunction with the meaning “from the moment that”.)

      Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain itputs on them.3.從長遠(yuǎn)看,大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)深造而不是直接參加工作是值得的。(in the long

      run, worthwhile)

      In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.由于這所學(xué)校的辦學(xué)宗旨是品德第一,所以道德觀和學(xué)習(xí)成績受到同樣的重

      視。(operate on)

      As the school operates on the Character First Principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.據(jù)說,原定于這個(gè)月召開的會(huì)議將推遲到下個(gè)月召開。(be scheduled to, put

      off)

      It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.6.這所學(xué)校把為學(xué)生做好人生準(zhǔn)備當(dāng)作其職責(zé),辦法是倡導(dǎo)一整套能使所有學(xué)

      生受益的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(see… as)

      The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.Unit 41、Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.從各方面考慮,這座城市都是世界上最令人激動(dòng)地城市。

      2、Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.盡管沒有得到父母的贊同,他還是繼續(xù)他的計(jì)劃出國學(xué)習(xí)。

      3、The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.這座橋是以以為英雄的名字命名的,這位英雄位人民的事業(yè)獻(xiàn)出了生命。

      4、It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength

      據(jù)說,畫家是以他的母親為模特的。他母親的面容滄桑卻不失堅(jiān)定。

      5、The writer instantly rise to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.這位作家于1950年因出版一本小說而一舉成名,小說的靈感來自于他和以為姑娘在農(nóng)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)歷。

      6、One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.有個(gè)故事說,US是“山姆大叔”的縮寫,“山姆大叔”原名叫山姆·威爾遜,他曾經(jīng)和一名男子一起工作,這名男子和美國政府簽訂了一份合同,給軍隊(duì)提供肉食。

      Unit 71、An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.因此,以蓋茨為首席執(zhí)行官的微軟還能走多遠(yuǎn)依然是個(gè)有趣的問題。

      2、There’s/ It’s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as the result of a complaint.What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happening.抱怨是沒有用的,因?yàn)楸г共⒏淖儾涣耸裁础V匾氖堑貌扇〈胧╊A(yù)防類似事件發(fā)生。

      3、Learn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.要學(xué)會(huì)接受這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):有些你認(rèn)為是朋友的人結(jié)果卻是敵人。

      4、As you would expect from the book’s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.正如你能從書名期待的那樣,書中多次提到蓋茨是個(gè)什么樣的人。

      5、The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.該公司的興隆源于公司上下人人克勤克儉。

      6、He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.就星期六晚上首次上演的那出戲,他什么也沒說。

      Unit 91、Word came yesterday that they were killed while trying to reach the summit.昨天傳來消息說,他們?cè)谠噲D登上峰頂時(shí)遇難了。

      2、Under no circumstances shall I mention to anyone that I have turned down the invitation to her wedding.我絕不會(huì)向任何人提起我曾拒絕她的邀請(qǐng),沒有去參加她的婚禮。

      3、It made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husband with public exposure.總裁夫人威脅要公開揭發(fā)丈夫,這件事成了頭條新聞。

      4、That wealthy lady’s repeated demand for a premarital agreement greatly harmed her prospective husband’s self-esteem and ended up in his refusal to get married.那位富有的女士再三要求簽訂婚前協(xié)議,令其未婚夫自尊心大受傷害,結(jié)果以拒婚告終。

      5、Make no mistake about it, some women would insist on the right to get a divorce if their husbands did not earn as much as they expected.確實(shí)有些婦女堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,在丈夫掙的錢不如她們期待的那么高的情況下,她們有權(quán)要求離婚。

      6、The casual discovery of the fingerprint shed some light on the murder he had been looking into.偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的指紋有助于弄清他一直在調(diào)查的兇殺案。

      第五篇:新視野大學(xué)英語 第三版 Book 2 課文翻譯

      新視野大學(xué)英語 第三版 Book 2 課文翻譯 Unit 1 Text A 一堂難忘的英語課 如果我是唯一一個(gè)還在糾正小孩英語的家長,那么我兒子也許是對(duì)的。對(duì)他而言,我是一個(gè)乏味的怪物:一個(gè)他不得不聽其教誨的父親,一個(gè)還沉湎于語法規(guī)則的人,對(duì)此我兒子似乎頗為反感。我覺得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位學(xué)生時(shí),才開始對(duì)這個(gè)問題認(rèn)真起來的。這個(gè)學(xué)生剛從歐洲旅游回來。我滿懷著誠摯期待問她:“歐洲之行如何?” 3 她點(diǎn)了三四下頭,絞盡腦汁,苦苦尋找恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,然后驚呼:“真是,哇!” 4 沒了。所有希臘文明和羅馬建筑的輝煌居然囊括于一個(gè)濃縮的、不完整的語句之中!我的學(xué)生以“哇!”來表示她的驚嘆,我只能以搖頭表達(dá)比之更強(qiáng)烈的憂慮。關(guān)于正確使用英語能力下降的問題,有許多不同的故事。學(xué)生的確本應(yīng)該能夠區(qū)分諸如their/there/they're之間的不同,或區(qū)別complimentary 跟complementary之間顯而易見的差異。由于這些知識(shí)缺陷,他們承受著大部分不該承受的批評(píng)和指責(zé),因?yàn)檩浾撜J(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該學(xué)得更好。學(xué)生并不笨,他們只是被周圍所看到和聽到的語言誤導(dǎo)了。舉例來說,雜貨店的指示牌會(huì)把他們引向stationary(靜止處),雖然便箋本、相冊(cè)、和筆記本等真正的stationery(文具用品)并沒有被釘在那兒。朋友和親人常宣稱 They've just ate。實(shí)際上,他們應(yīng)該說 They've just eaten。因此,批評(píng)學(xué)生不合乎情理。對(duì)這種缺乏語言功底而引起的負(fù)面指責(zé)應(yīng)歸咎于我們的學(xué)校。學(xué)校應(yīng)對(duì)英語熟練程度制定出更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)??上喾?,學(xué)校只教零星的語法,高級(jí)詞匯更是少之又少。還有就是,學(xué)校的年輕教師顯然缺乏這些重要的語言結(jié)構(gòu)方面的知識(shí),因?yàn)樗麄冞^去也沒接觸過。學(xué)校有責(zé)任教會(huì)年輕人進(jìn)行有效的語言溝通,可他們并沒把語言的基本框架——準(zhǔn)確的語法和恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯——充分地傳授給學(xué)生。因?yàn)檎Z法對(duì)大多數(shù)年輕學(xué)生而言枯燥且乏味,所以我覺得講授語法得一步一步、注重技巧地進(jìn)行。有一天機(jī)會(huì)來了。我跟兒子開車外出。我們出發(fā)時(shí),他看到一只小鳥飛得很不穩(wěn),就說:“它飛的不穩(wěn)?!保↖t's flying so unsteady.)我小心翼翼地問:“兒子,鳥怎么飛?” “有問題嗎?我說得不對(duì)嗎?(Did I say anything incorrectly?)” 他一頭霧水。“太好了,你說的是incorrectly而不是incorrect。我們用副詞來描述動(dòng)詞。所以,要用unsteadily來描述鳥飛,而不是unsteady?!?他對(duì)我的糾正很好奇,就問我什么是副詞。我慢慢解釋道:“副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞的詞?!?這又導(dǎo)致了他詢問我什么是動(dòng)詞。我解釋說:“動(dòng)詞是表示行為的詞,例如:爸爸開卡車。?開?是動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樗前职衷谧龅氖?。?他開始對(duì)表示行為的詞產(chǎn)生興趣,所以我們又羅列了幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞:“飛行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后,他又好奇地問我,其他的詞有沒有說明它們的用法和功能的名稱。這就引發(fā)了我們對(duì)名詞、形容詞和冠詞的討論。在短短十分鐘的駕駛時(shí)間內(nèi),他從對(duì)語法一無所知到學(xué)會(huì)了句子中主要詞語的詞性。這是一次毫無痛苦而又非常有趣的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。也許,語言應(yīng)該被看成是一張路線圖和一件珍品:我們要常常查看路線圖(核對(duì)語法)和調(diào)整汽車的引擎(調(diào)節(jié)詞匯)。學(xué)好語法和掌握大量的詞匯就好比拿著路線圖在車況良好的車?yán)锺{駛。12 路線圖為你的旅行提供所需的基本路線和路途指南,可是它不會(huì)告訴你一路上你究竟會(huì)看見什么樹或什么花,你會(huì)遇見什么樣的人,或會(huì)有什么樣的感受。這里,詞匯會(huì)使你的旅途變得五彩繽紛、栩栩如生。大量的詞匯讓你享受到開車途中所見的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。借助語法和豐富的詞匯,你就有了靈活性,掌控自如。路線圖會(huì)把你帶到目的地,而一臺(tái)好車卻能讓你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、聲音及經(jīng)歷之中。對(duì)學(xué)生來說,有效、準(zhǔn)確且富有成效的溝通技能取決于語法和詞匯這兩大有利條件,可是學(xué)校并沒有教他們這些。就在今天早上,我跟兒子吃早飯時(shí),我想把牛奶加入我的茶里?!鞍职?,” 他說,“如果我是你的話,我不會(huì)這樣做。牛奶會(huì)變酸。(If I were you, I wouldn't do that.It's sour.)” “哦,上帝!” 我滿懷著無比的驕傲說道,“這是一句語法完全正確的句子。你用了were而不是was?!?“我知道,我知道,”他愉悅地舒了口氣,“這是虛擬語氣!” 17 這下輪到我“哇!”了。Unit 2 Text A 人文學(xué)科:過時(shí)了嗎? 當(dāng)形勢(shì)變得困難時(shí),強(qiáng)者會(huì)去選學(xué)會(huì)計(jì)。當(dāng)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)惡化時(shí),許多學(xué)生估算著他們不能再主修英語或歷史。他們得學(xué)一些能改善他們就業(yè)前景的東西。2 數(shù)據(jù)顯示,隨著學(xué)生肩負(fù)的學(xué)費(fèi)不斷增加,他們已從學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科轉(zhuǎn)向他們相信有益于將來就業(yè)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)和“硬”技能。換言之,大學(xué)教育越來越被看成是改善經(jīng)濟(jì)而不是提升人類自身的手段。這種趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)持續(xù),甚至有加快之勢(shì)。3 在未來幾年內(nèi),由于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的不景氣,人文學(xué)科可能會(huì)繼續(xù)其長期低迷的態(tài)勢(shì)。在上一代大學(xué)生中,主修文科的學(xué)生數(shù)跌幅已近50%。這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)持續(xù)、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文學(xué)科曾是大學(xué)生活的重要支柱,而今在學(xué)生們的大學(xué)游中卻只是一個(gè)小點(diǎn)綴?,F(xiàn)在,實(shí)驗(yàn)室要比圖書館更栩栩如生、受人青睞。在這兒,請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我為人文學(xué)科給人們的生活所增添的真實(shí)價(jià)值進(jìn)行支持和宣傳。自古以來,人們一直在思索人類自身具有什么神奇的內(nèi)力使一些人變得崇高偉大,而使另一些人走向自我毀滅。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,這股內(nèi)力被稱作很多東西。著名的心理學(xué)家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德稱之為“潛意識(shí)”,或更為人熟知的“本能”。從一開始,人類這股可以是建設(shè)性也可以是毀滅性的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動(dòng)力,就令我們心馳神往。這些驚人的、充滿內(nèi)心掙扎的故事形成了世界文化的基礎(chǔ)。歷史學(xué)家、建筑師、作家、哲學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家們以故事、音樂、神話、繪畫、建筑、雕刻、風(fēng)景畫和傳統(tǒng)的形式,捕捉到了這些撞擊心靈的文字、形象及內(nèi)涵。這些男男女女創(chuàng)造出了具有藝術(shù)性的“語言”,幫助我們了解人類的這些強(qiáng)烈愿望,并用以教育一代又一代人。從古時(shí)起開始的這些充滿想象的大量作品,正是文明的底蘊(yùn),它奠定了人文研究的基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會(huì)提高我們的閱讀和寫作能力。無論我們這一生中從事什么職業(yè),如果我們能讀懂復(fù)雜的思想并理解它們的內(nèi)涵,我們都會(huì)受益匪淺。如果我們是在辦公室里能對(duì)這些思想寫出既明確又簡(jiǎn)潔的分析的人,我們會(huì)有光明的職業(yè)前景。學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科會(huì)讓我們熟悉表達(dá)情感的語言及進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造的過程。在信息經(jīng)濟(jì)中,很多人都有能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如新的MP3播放器那樣的有用產(chǎn)品。然而,僅有很少的人具有能力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)如iPod那樣的精彩品牌。最重要的是,學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科使我們具有偉大的洞察力和自我意識(shí),從而以積極和建設(shè)性的方式來發(fā)揮我們的創(chuàng)造力和才藝。也許,支持人文學(xué)科的最好論點(diǎn)是,人文學(xué)科為我們提供了廣闊的機(jī)會(huì)。你知道世界聞名的電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》的導(dǎo)演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位嗎? 第一個(gè)登上太空的女宇航員薩利·賴德拿的也是人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位。還有電影演員李小龍、格溫妮絲·帕特洛、蕾妮·齊薇格及馬特·達(dá)蒙,也都如此。獲諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的哈羅德·瓦慕斯博士也學(xué)過人文學(xué)科。甚至迪士尼公司的總裁邁克爾·艾斯納也主修人文學(xué)科。學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的有名人士確實(shí)可以列出一長串。顯而易見,人文學(xué)能為我們從事許多不同的職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備,不管

      是醫(yī)學(xué)、商務(wù)、科學(xué)或娛樂。如果我們僅學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué),我們很可能只能申請(qǐng)數(shù)學(xué)家之類的工作。如果我們還學(xué)了人文學(xué)科,那我們就能突破許多障礙,只要我們?cè)敢飧冻雠?,敢于想象。?dāng)然,在當(dāng)下,如果我們單學(xué)人文學(xué)科,可能會(huì)失去很多機(jī)會(huì)。我們每個(gè)人都需要盡可能變得技能化、職業(yè)化,以滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需要。事實(shí)上,技術(shù)知識(shí)和內(nèi)在洞察力的結(jié)合越來越被看成是建立職業(yè)生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院的招生部主任,有兩個(gè)人同時(shí)申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校,這兩個(gè)人都學(xué)過基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)課程,一個(gè)主修哲學(xué),另一個(gè)僅是醫(yī)學(xué)院的預(yù)科生,我會(huì)選擇那位哲學(xué)專業(yè)的申請(qǐng)者??傊宋膶W(xué)科幫助造就全面發(fā)展的人,這些人具有洞察力,并理解全人類共有的激情、希望和理想。人文學(xué)科,這個(gè)古老、永恒的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)蓄庫,教我們?nèi)绾我圆煌姆绞娇创挛?,同時(shí)也拓寬我們的視野。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,人文學(xué)科一如既往地同生活息息相關(guān),也發(fā)揮著重要作用。我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中花一些時(shí)間與人文學(xué)科——我們杰出、非凡的知識(shí)寶藏——相伴,這難道不是明智的嗎? 誰知道你將來會(huì)變得多有名氣呢!Unit 4 Text A 大學(xué)情侶 我微笑著看著我那兩個(gè)可愛的女兒,她們似乎比她們的父母還是大學(xué)情侶那會(huì)兒更為成熟。琳達(dá),21歲,在大學(xué)一年級(jí)交過一個(gè)男友,她曾以為會(huì)跟那個(gè)男孩結(jié)婚,但他們已不再來往了。梅麗莎,19歲,還沒有一個(gè)固定的男友。我的女兒不知何時(shí)才能遇到她們的那個(gè)“唯一”,她們偉大的愛。她們認(rèn)為她們的父親和我有著一段經(jīng)典的、童話般的浪漫史,從一開始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也許,她們是正確的,但在那時(shí)似乎并不是那么回事。在某種程度上,愛神恰恰在你最沒準(zhǔn)備時(shí)來臨。誰曾想到,布奇和我最終會(huì)結(jié)婚呢? 他之所以成為我男友,只是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我那膚淺的打算:我要找一個(gè)可愛的男友!我們通過我的大學(xué)室友介紹在大學(xué)食堂相識(shí)。在那個(gè)命中注定的夜晚,我只是好奇,但對(duì)他而言,我認(rèn)為是一見鐘情。他凝視著我的臉,說:“你有一雙美麗的眼睛?!?他整個(gè)晚上一直盯著我。我真的對(duì)他沒那么感興趣,其原因有二。首先,他看起來就像是一個(gè)野

      小子,甚至還有些危險(xiǎn)。其次,雖然他很可愛,卻似乎有點(diǎn)怪異。3 他騎著自行車經(jīng)過我的宿舍,裝作與我“偶遇”,看到我時(shí)還假裝驚訝。我喜歡被重視的感覺,但對(duì)他的野性和充滿活力的個(gè)性卻小心謹(jǐn)慎。他很會(huì)說話,這會(huì)迷倒任何女孩。當(dāng)我開始愛上他時(shí),恐懼向我襲來。他那令人激動(dòng)的“壞小子形象”簡(jiǎn)直太誘人了。究竟是什么吸引了我? 我,一直口碑極好。為了獲得優(yōu)異的成績,我的注意力只專注在自己的學(xué)習(xí)上。但又怎么樣呢? 大學(xué)應(yīng)該是學(xué)習(xí)的好時(shí)間,可也應(yīng)該有一些樂趣。我已幾乎達(dá)成了偉大的教育目標(biāo),離畢業(yè)只有一學(xué)期之遙了。但我卻還沒有享受過任何樂趣,我的生活乏味,沒有一點(diǎn)新鮮感!我需要一個(gè)男朋友,當(dāng)然不是任何男朋友。他必須很可愛。于是我那個(gè)學(xué)期的目標(biāo)就成為:雄心勃勃,抓住一個(gè)我能找到的最可愛的男友。4 我擔(dān)心他會(huì)怎么看我。不錯(cuò),我們生活在一個(gè)性觀念正在發(fā)生戲劇性轉(zhuǎn)變的時(shí)代,但我是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的女孩,對(duì)在校園里似乎常見的新方式還沒有心理準(zhǔn)備。布奇看上去很出色!我對(duì)他的個(gè)性毫無免疫力,但我對(duì)此很害怕。那天晚上當(dāng)他向大家宣布我是他女友時(shí),我是同意的。但我隨后突然清醒:“噢,我的天哪!我是他女友嗎?這是怎么回事?” 緊接著,他在我耳邊低聲地甜言蜜語:“有一天我要娶你,我會(huì)成為一名律師。你會(huì)看到這一天的?!?我笑著對(duì)自己說:“我絕不會(huì)嫁給這個(gè)家伙。他是一個(gè)沒有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友,只因?yàn)槲液蘅菰锏膶W(xué)生生活。我只想得到樂趣而已?!?果然,一個(gè)月后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他所有的課程都不及格。因而,他將被大學(xué)除名。令我厭惡的是,他似乎屈從了自己的命運(yùn)。我知道還有希望,所以我讓他去學(xué)院的秘書那兒進(jìn)行復(fù)議。我告訴他:“你要先從賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)拿到政治學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位,然后進(jìn)入法律學(xué)院?!蔽乙运拿x遞交了呈請(qǐng)書,結(jié)果被批準(zhǔn)了。校方同意復(fù)議布奇的情況。我們的男女朋友關(guān)系一經(jīng)確定,他就協(xié)調(diào)了他的學(xué)習(xí)和社交生活,結(jié)果各門課都通過了。他最終學(xué)了法律。盡管布奇的性格有點(diǎn)野,但他在骨子里卻是一個(gè)完美的紳士,這值得高度贊揚(yáng)。的確,他有時(shí)會(huì)在我朋友面前親吻我的嘴,擅自表達(dá)他的愛。我的朋友看到了很驚訝,也很不以為然。但事實(shí)上,我們?cè)谡吣甑膽賽坳P(guān)系中一直是純潔和負(fù)責(zé)的。我們坐在棕櫚樹下,手牽著手,聽著浪漫的歌曲,觀賞著日落,編織著和我們自己的孩子在一起的美夢(mèng),一直到永遠(yuǎn)。9 兩年糊里糊涂地過去了。一天,布奇出其不意地手捧著一打紅玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充滿了深情,也坦誠了對(duì)他的愛:“太太太太太浪漫了!” 可我隨即從幻想中驚醒。我大喊出來:“天哪。不!我們現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚還太早了。我們甚至還沒有大學(xué)畢業(yè)呢!” 我真的很喜歡他,但我對(duì)我們感情修成正果的機(jī)率卻持悲觀態(tài)度。五年后,我們結(jié)了婚。我們忠實(shí)的愛和學(xué)習(xí)之旅帶我們走過艱難崎嶇的巖石路,走上平坦易行的公路。它是一個(gè)永久、浪漫,有時(shí)又瘋狂的愛情故事。它詮釋了一對(duì)仍在瘋狂地愛著對(duì)方的夫婦如何一起度過了29年之久的蜜月。我們的愛從漫不經(jīng)心的互相吸引開始,但最終卻發(fā)展出成熟的愛情和富足的生活。Unit 5 Text A 花錢還是存錢,學(xué)生進(jìn)退維谷 你是不是跟我一樣對(duì)“我應(yīng)該花錢還是存錢”這個(gè)問題感到困惑,且有被操縱的感覺? 我覺得我們從生活的環(huán)境里所獲得的信息似乎是有違常識(shí)、互相矛盾的。政府告訴我們要花錢,否則我們將永遠(yuǎn)走不出衰退;與此同時(shí),他們又告訴我們,除非我們節(jié)省更多的錢,否則我們的國家會(huì)處于嚴(yán)重危險(xiǎn)之中。銀行提供較高的利率以增加儲(chǔ)蓄。然后,同樣是這些銀行又提供信用卡讓我們可以花更多的錢。這里還有一個(gè)大家熟悉的例子:如果我們不按時(shí)支付信用卡賬單,我們會(huì)收到從信用卡公司發(fā)來的類似這樣的令人討厭的催繳賬單的電子郵件:不還款是不可接受的。請(qǐng)立即繳付,否則后果自負(fù)!之后,一旦還款,我們就會(huì)收到一封跟進(jìn)的電子郵件,語氣和藹可親,說我們是多么寶貴的客戶,并鼓勵(lì)我們繼續(xù)花錢。到底哪一個(gè)描述是正確的?有麻煩的失敗消費(fèi)者還是寶貴的客戶? 這兩者之間可是天壤之別!自相矛盾的情況還有,我們每天都收到彼此相左的兩種信息。一種從“縱容”的角度,讓我們“買東西,花錢,現(xiàn)在就得到它。你需要這個(gè)!” 另外一種,我們可稱之為“正直”的信息,它力勸我們:“努力工作,把錢存起來??刂颇愕挠?,不要買奢侈品,不要垂涎那些你并不真正需要的東西?!?這類信息來源甚多,有學(xué)校方面的,有家長方面的,甚至還來自提及傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的政治人物。艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè),忠于家庭、能推遲欲望是美國價(jià)值觀的核心,它使我們的國家變得強(qiáng)大。但相反的信息,即那些縱容人們不斷花錢的廣告,無所不在。雖然此類信息有時(shí)經(jīng)過了喬裝打扮,但仍隨處可見,電視、電影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店,及公共汽車、火車和地鐵上,比比皆是。廣告侵入了我們的日常生活。我們時(shí)時(shí)被包圍在花錢,花錢,花錢的信息中。最近有人說:“唯一可以逃脫廣告的時(shí)候是當(dāng)在床上睡著時(shí)!” 據(jù)計(jì)算,普通的美國人到18歲時(shí),會(huì)看過60萬則廣告;到40歲時(shí),看過的廣告總數(shù)近百萬。每個(gè)廣告都在盡最大努力影響我們形形色色的購買決定——從我們吃的早餐麥片到我們的假期將使用哪條郵輪線路。決不會(huì)缺少怎么花錢和買什么東西的廣告!現(xiàn)在,我們當(dāng)然不能確切地記得廣告上的產(chǎn)品,但重要的信息已凝聚在我們的意識(shí)里:“要滿足你的愿望。你應(yīng)該擁有你想要的。你應(yīng)該得到最好的。所以,你應(yīng)該買下它——現(xiàn)在!” 一個(gè)著名的廣告詮釋得很完美:“我愛自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做讓我感覺舒服的事。我從精美的東西里 得到樂趣,并感覺到它們給我的滋養(yǎng)。我過去常想著等一下再買,現(xiàn)在再也不會(huì)了。今天,我會(huì)購買全新的滑雪裝備,看看新型的小巧靈便的轎車,買下那臺(tái)我一直 想要的相機(jī)。我今天就要實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想,不會(huì)等到明天?!?6 當(dāng)我們接受這些相互矛盾但很明確的信息時(shí),會(huì)有什么事情發(fā)生呢? 這種控制我們花錢習(xí)慣的宣傳活動(dòng)會(huì)造成什么心理和社會(huì)上的影響呢? 一方面,我們希望買更多的東西,來滿足我們的物質(zhì)欲望。我們中的大多數(shù)通過善待自己來得到樂趣。與此同時(shí),我們身體里面有一個(gè)微弱的聲音與那些正直的信息在共鳴:“當(dāng)心,要掂量掂量自己的生活,不要讓注意力分散。推遲欲望。不要陷入債務(wù)。要等待!保留對(duì)自己生活的控制權(quán)。這會(huì)讓你更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)?!?總之,一個(gè)成功的學(xué)生所需要的很多技能可以應(yīng)用到你的財(cái)務(wù)中去。把良好的財(cái)務(wù)狀況看成是大學(xué)教育中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素,因?yàn)閷?duì)金錢的擔(dān)憂會(huì)讓人倍感壓力,并讓人分心。它們會(huì)讓你感覺很糟糕,并阻止你專注首要目標(biāo),即成功完成學(xué)業(yè)。怎樣才能成為一個(gè)聰明、有相關(guān)知識(shí)的消費(fèi)者呢? 許多學(xué)校、社區(qū)組織,甚至一些銀行都提供金融掃盲班??梢钥紤]向?qū)W校的財(cái)務(wù)援助辦公室咨詢,或向父母或其他值得尊敬的成年人請(qǐng)教如何建立一個(gè)預(yù)算方案。另外一個(gè)選擇是找一個(gè)合作伙伴來幫你保持良好的財(cái)務(wù)狀況,并在管理自己的金融事務(wù)中找到樂趣。最重要的是,如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正陷入

      財(cái)務(wù)困境,不要讓你的自大妨礙你,在情況變得失控并惹上法律麻煩前,趕緊尋求幫助來解決問題。這一切都將幫助你成為一個(gè)擁有相關(guān)知識(shí)的消費(fèi)者和儲(chǔ)蓄者。學(xué)會(huì)了如何平衡支出和儲(chǔ)蓄,你就會(huì)成為你自己的船長,駕駛著你的生活之船,乘風(fēng)破浪,駛向成功和富有。Unit 6 Text A “關(guān)門者”,你是嗎? 下次你要在兩個(gè)難于取舍的、主要的和次要的選擇之間做決定時(shí),不妨問自己這樣一個(gè)問題:項(xiàng)羽會(huì)怎么做? 項(xiàng)羽是公元前三世紀(jì)中國古代王朝的一位將軍。他帶領(lǐng)他的部隊(duì)橫渡漳河,突襲進(jìn)入了敵方的領(lǐng)地。他下令砸鍋燒船,令他的部隊(duì)大為震驚。他解釋道,他強(qiáng)加給他們的是戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手的必要舉措。他所說的無疑十分鼓舞士氣,但當(dāng)他那許多忠誠的士兵眼睜睜地看著他們的船只在火焰中被焚毀時(shí),他們并不贊成他的做法。不過項(xiàng)羽將軍的這種砸鍋焚船的做法所顯示出的天賦,在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上和現(xiàn)代社會(huì)科學(xué)研究中都將得到肯定。項(xiàng)羽將軍是一個(gè)罕見的不墨守成規(guī)的人,他是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的領(lǐng)袖,由于他征戰(zhàn)無數(shù)并達(dá)到了成功的頂峰,他深受尊敬。丹· 阿雷利極富啟迪性的新書 《可預(yù)見的非理性》對(duì)項(xiàng)羽作了專題介紹。這本書對(duì)看似非理性的人類行為,譬如人類總想留住多項(xiàng)選擇機(jī)會(huì)的傾向,進(jìn)行了引人入勝的調(diào)查。大多數(shù)人都不能整理自己的思路來做痛苦的選擇,麻省理工學(xué)院上阿雷利博士行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)這門課的學(xué)生也不例外。在調(diào)查作決策的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,幾百名學(xué)生都不能忍受眼睜睜看著他們的選擇機(jī)會(huì)消失,即使他們很清楚這樣做對(duì)他們有利。實(shí)驗(yàn)是圍繞著一個(gè)游戲展開的,這個(gè)游戲排除了我們通常不肯放手的借口。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里,我們總會(huì)說:“保留我們的選擇機(jī)會(huì)是對(duì)的?!?想要一個(gè)好的例子嗎? 一個(gè)十多歲的女孩被足球、芭蕾舞、鋼琴、中文課給累得筋疲力盡,但她的父母不會(huì)讓她停止任何一項(xiàng)活動(dòng),理由是它們有一天可能會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)!6 在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)里,學(xué)生要玩一個(gè)電腦游戲: 在電腦屏幕上會(huì)顯示三扇門,每扇門后都會(huì)提供一些現(xiàn)金。該游戲的規(guī)則是每個(gè)人都只能點(diǎn)擊100次,你點(diǎn)擊獲取的錢越多,你就玩得越好。學(xué)生每點(diǎn)擊一次打開一扇門,他們會(huì)用掉一個(gè)點(diǎn)擊數(shù),但卻不會(huì)得到任何錢。然而,隨后接著在那扇門上的每次點(diǎn)擊都會(huì)掙得數(shù)額不等的錢,三扇門顯示的錢總有一扇比另外兩扇多。這個(gè)游戲規(guī)則的重點(diǎn)是雖然每次換門沒有金錢回報(bào),可還是會(huì)用掉一次點(diǎn)擊數(shù)。所以,制勝戰(zhàn)略是要迅速查看所有的門,然后只點(diǎn)擊那扇似乎是錢最多的門。在玩游戲時(shí),學(xué)生們注意到了一個(gè)視覺上的變化:如果有片刻沒點(diǎn)擊某扇門,那扇門就會(huì)慢慢縮小并消失。由于他們已了解了游戲規(guī)則,他們本應(yīng)對(duì)要消失的門不予理睬。然而,在它們消失以前,他們卻迫不及待地去點(diǎn)擊那些變小的門,試圖讓它們開啟著。結(jié)果是,他們?cè)诖颐厝c(diǎn)擊那些快消失的門時(shí)浪費(fèi)了很多點(diǎn)擊數(shù)以至于最后輸了錢。為什么學(xué)生對(duì)那些變小的門如此依戀呢? 他們可能會(huì)爭(zhēng)辯說,他們緊抓住這些門是為將來多留一些機(jī)會(huì)。但是,據(jù)阿雷利博士說,這不是真正的原因。在他們?yōu)閷矶嗔粢恍C(jī)會(huì)的借口背后反映出的是所有的學(xué)生都不堪目睹眼前的選擇機(jī)會(huì)被剝奪,盡管這種痛苦是臨時(shí)的。阿雷利博士說:“每閉上一扇選擇之門就如同經(jīng)受了一次損失,人們寧愿付出很大的代價(jià),也要避免情感的失落。” 在實(shí)驗(yàn)中,損失很容易用丟失的現(xiàn)金來衡量。在生活中,相應(yīng)的損失就往往沒那么明顯,如浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)?!坝袝r(shí)候,這些門是慢慢關(guān)閉的,我們沒有看到它們?cè)谇娜幌?,”阿雷利博士寫道:“我們可能花很多時(shí)間在工作上,卻沒有意識(shí)到我們子女的童年正在悄悄溜走?!?那么,我們可以做些什么讓我們的生活恢復(fù)平衡呢? 阿雷利博士說,一個(gè)辦法是制止更多的超額預(yù)約。我們可以自己減少選擇,將任務(wù)委派給其他人,甚至放棄一些點(diǎn)子,讓其他人去做。他用婚姻作為例子:“在婚姻中,我們承諾不保留選擇機(jī)會(huì),我們就創(chuàng)造了獲得最佳選擇的有利局面。我們關(guān)上可選擇的門,并告訴別人我們已作出選擇?!?阿雷利博士說,自從進(jìn)行了這個(gè)點(diǎn)擊門的實(shí)驗(yàn),他已經(jīng)有意識(shí)地努力減輕自己的負(fù)擔(dān)。他敦促我們辭去委員會(huì)的工作,刪減送節(jié)日賀卡的名單,重新思考興趣愛好,并記住像項(xiàng)羽那樣的關(guān)門者給我們的啟示。換言之,他是鼓勵(lì)我們放棄那些似乎只有表面價(jià)值的東西,而去追求那些能真正豐富我們生活的東西。我們很自然、很偏執(zhí)地相信選擇越多越好,但阿雷利博士的研究卻強(qiáng)有力地告訴我們事實(shí)并非如此。我們想在生活中得到越來越多選擇的代價(jià)是什么? 我們能從更集中的精力和注意力中獲得什么樣的喜悅和滿足? 當(dāng)然,我們每個(gè)人都會(huì)有自己的答案。試想一下這些重要的問題:怎么做會(huì)使我們獲得更多,是不斷增加選擇,還是只保持少數(shù)精心挑選的選擇? 我們應(yīng)關(guān)閉什么門,以便讓機(jī)會(huì)和幸福之窗打開?

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