第一篇：英語課堂教學(xué)用語新編

英語課堂教學(xué)用語新編

星沙英語網(wǎng)

目前，隨著我國中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)開始進(jìn)入一個全新的發(fā)展時期，課堂教學(xué)中更加強(qiáng)調(diào)英語口語的應(yīng)用，而其中英語課堂用語的使用頻率很高，為適應(yīng)新形勢對英語課堂教學(xué)管理的發(fā)展要求，滿足教學(xué)法課程的教學(xué)需要，本人編輯了《英語課堂教學(xué)用語新編》。該冊子語言準(zhǔn)確規(guī)范地道、簡明實(shí)用，具有針對性，附有必要注釋說明，配有錄音，可供在校師范生、實(shí)習(xí)生（trainee teachers）和中小學(xué)教師（in-service teachers）參考使用。

陳振光（韶關(guān)學(xué)院外語系教學(xué)法教師）2005.3

I.Before Class Begins 課前 Belling 打鈴

The bell’s rung.鈴響過了。

Has the bell rung / gone ? 鈴響過了嗎？ Is that the bell? 是打上課鈴嗎？

Will the bell ring soon? 就要打鈴了嗎？

The bell will ring in no time/in a minute.就要打鈴了。How many minutes are there to go? 還有幾分鐘？ How long is there to go ? How much longer have we got ? There are still five minutes to go（until the bell goes）.（離響鈴）還有五分鐘。The bell will ring in five minutes.There goes the bell.鈴響了。

There's the bell.Is that the first bell or the second bell? 是預(yù)備鈴還是上課鈴？ The second bell has rung / gone.上課鈴響了。

Readiness 準(zhǔn)備就緒

It is nearly time for class.Hurry up!就要上課了，快點(diǎn)！Come on./ Step on it!快點(diǎn)，快走。

Quick!The bell is ringing.快點(diǎn)！鈴響了。

You'd better hurry.你最好快點(diǎn)。You'd better get a move on.Hurry up, or you'll be late.快點(diǎn)，不然，你就要遲到了。

There goes the bell.I'm just in time.Let's go in.正響著鈴呢，我們正趕上。我們進(jìn)去吧。

Hurry up so that we can start the lesson．快點(diǎn)，我們就開始上課了。Please / Let's get everything ready for class.請把上課用品準(zhǔn)備好。Be ready for class.準(zhǔn)備上課。Class is about to begin.就要上課了。Are you ready for class? 準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？

Are you ready to begin ? 準(zhǔn)備開始嗎？

Have you got everything ready for class ?

上課用品準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？ It's time to start now.該開始上課了。

Let's start our lesson now, shall we ? 我們現(xiàn)在開始上課好嗎？

Now we can get down to...我們可以開始。。Let’s get started.我們開始吧。

I hope you are all ready for today's English lesson.我希望你們都作好了上今天的英語課的準(zhǔn)備。

Be quiet, please!請安靜！

Silence, please!I don't want any more noise.請不要講話。

I'm waiting for you to be quiet.我在等你們安靜下來。

We won't start until everyone is quiet.你們安靜下來才開始上課。Stop talking now so that we can start.Settle down now so we can start.I think we can start.我想現(xiàn)在可以上課了。

Where did we stop / leave off last time? 上次我們上到哪兒？

How far did we get last time ? Where did we finish / stop reading last time ? 上次我們讀到哪兒？

What were we talking about last time ? 上次我們講些什么？

Let me refresh your memory.Last time we talked about…我來提醒一下。上次我們講…… If I remember correctly / rightly, we were on page 42.Last time we got to line 20.上次我們講到第42頁。

If you can recall what I said last time about…假如你能回憶起上次我講的關(guān)于…… Let's revise some of the things we did last time.讓我們復(fù)習(xí)上次我們上的一些內(nèi)容。Where was I ? 上次我教到哪里了?(多半對自己發(fā)問)Who has finished ? 誰做好了? Who has done them all ?誰已經(jīng)全部做好了 ? Have you all finished ? 你們?nèi)紲?zhǔn)備好了嗎 ? Anybody not finished ? 有誰沒做完嗎 ? How far have you got ?你做完了多少 ? Which question are you on ?你在做哪一題 ? Where are you up to ? 你做到哪里了? Who's next? 下一個是誰? Whose turn is it next ? 下一個輪到誰 ? Who is the next one to try ? 下一個誰來試試 ? Your turn.輪到你了。You next.Now you.You're next.Who hasn't had a turn ? 還有誰沒輪到 ? Who else is there ? Who's left ?

You have already had a turn.你已經(jīng)輪到過一次了。

II.Class Begins 開始上課 Greetings 問候

Good mourning, everybody / boys and girls / Children.Sit down, please.Hello, everyone/class.同學(xué)們好。喂，魏芳。Hello there, Wei Fang.喂，魏芳。

Let me introduce myself.My name is Mr/Mrs/Miss….I’m your new English teacher.讓我作自我介紹。我是。。先生/夫人/小姐。我是新來的英語教師。

I’m a teacher trainee and I’ll be teaching you English this week.I’ve got five lessons with you.我是實(shí)習(xí)教師，本周將教你們英語。我將給你們上五節(jié)課。

Registering 點(diǎn)名

I'll just make / check the register.現(xiàn)在我就點(diǎn)名了。Now I'm going to call the roll.Is everybody here ? 都到齊了嗎 ? Are you all here ? / Are you all present ? Who is on duty today ? 今天誰值日 ? Absence 缺席

Is there anyone absent ? 有誰缺席 ?

Who is absent ? / Anyone absent ? Who isn't here ? Who is absent / missing today ? 今天誰缺席 ? What's the matter with Tom today ? 湯姆今天怎么啦 ? What's wrong with Tom today ? Has anybody any idea where Mary is today ?有誰知道瑪麗在哪兒？ Why is Green absent ? 格林為什么缺席？ I don't know why he is absent.He's ill / sick.他病了。

He's not well.他不舒服。

He's got a cold./ He's caught a cold.他感冒了。He has asked for sick leave.他請病假了。He's on sick leave.He's got leave to be absent.他請假了。He’s on leave.He's asked for personal leave.他請事假了。He's absent on business.他因公務(wù)請假了。He went home on leave.他請假回家了。

He has got something important to do.他有要緊的事。

He has been kept at home by something important.他在家有要事。I haven't seen him today.我今天沒有看見他。

He wasn't here yesterday, either.他昨天也沒來。

He wasn't feeling very well, so he went home.他有點(diǎn)不舒服，所以回家去了。He's at the doctor's.他去看醫(yī)生了。

He's gone for an X-ray / a medical examination.他去X光透視/體檢了。He has probably missed the bus.他可能沒趕上公共汽車。He has got a temperature.他發(fā)燒了。

Lateness 遲到

May I come in ?我可以進(jìn)來嗎？

Yes, please do./ Yes, of course you may.當(dāng)然可以。Why are you late ? 你為什么遲到？ Where have you been ? 你上哪兒去了？

We started ten minutes ago.我們上課已有十分鐘了。What have you been doing? 你一直在做什么？

Did you oversleep, miss your bus ? 你睡過頭了，沒趕上公共汽車？ I'm sorry I'm late.請?jiān)?，我遲到了。I've been to see the doctor.我剛才去看醫(yī)生了。I missed my bus.我沒趕上公共汽車。

I overslept because I stayed up too late last night.我睡過頭了，因?yàn)樽蛲硭煤苓t。Our clock was slow.我家鐘慢了。

I see.Well, sit down and let's get started.我知道了，好吧，坐下，我們開始吧。

That's all right.Sit down and we can start.沒關(guān)系，坐下吧，我們可以開始了。Go to your seat.We have already begun the lesson.到座位上去，我們開始上課了。Come earlier next time.Don't be late any more.下次早點(diǎn)來，別再遲到了。Try not to be late next time.下次別遲到了。

Try to be here on time next time.下次要準(zhǔn)時來上課。Don't let it happen again.下次別再發(fā)生這樣的事。Let this be the last time.但愿這次是最后一次。

That's the second time this week.這是本周內(nèi)第二次遲到了。

I'll have to report you if you're late again.如果你再遲到，我就得向上報(bào)告了。

III.The plan which the lesson will follow / Warming up宣布教學(xué)目的/準(zhǔn)備活動 Now let's begin(the class).現(xiàn)在開始上課。

Have you prepared your lessons?功課準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？

Did you look over your lessons?功課看過了嗎？

Did you revise/go over the lessons before class?課前功課復(fù)習(xí)了嗎？ We’ll finish this off today.今天我們將結(jié)束這個（這一課）。

We have two more paragraphs to do.I hope I can wind up the lesson today.我們還有兩段課文要講。我希望今天能結(jié)束這一課。

Yesterday we went at far as the second paragraph.昨天我們講到第二段。

Let’s start/go on/continue from where we left off yesterday.我們接著昨天的講吧。The aim of this lesson is to teach the use of “may” and “can”.這節(jié)課的目的是教“may”和 “can”的用法。

In this class most of our time will be devoted to dialogues.這節(jié)課，我們主要學(xué)習(xí)對話。We are going to review the old lessons today.今天我們要上復(fù)習(xí)課。

We’ll do three things today: first we’ll review …，second, we’ll learn …,third, we’ll have some oral practice.今天，我們要做三件事：第一，復(fù)習(xí)。。，第二，學(xué)習(xí)。。，第三，做些口語練習(xí)。Today, we shall have a general review of what we have learned so far.今天，我們要復(fù)習(xí)一下到現(xiàn)在為止所學(xué)的東西。

I’ll elaborate on what I said yesterday.我將對昨天所講的再補(bǔ)充說一下。

We’ll go over a little of what we did yesterday.我們來復(fù)習(xí)一下昨天所學(xué)的東西。

We're going to have a new lesson today.We shall first read and explain the new words.Then we shall learn the text.今天我們上新課。先讀生詞，接著解釋生詞，然后學(xué)習(xí)課文。

Today we shall study the text first, then I'll ask you questions.If time permits, we shall have a short dictation.今天我們先學(xué)課文，然后提問。如果時間允許，我們就進(jìn)行一小段聽寫。

Today the class will be conducted in this way: First we'll go over the text, then we'll do Pattern Drill 2 with the substitutes.And finally we'll do some written exercises.今天這堂課這樣安排：首先復(fù)習(xí)課文，然后做替換練習(xí)2，最后做些筆頭練習(xí)。

Today we shall have aural comprehension.I shall read the material three times.After that you will retell the story.Don't write down anything while I'm reading, but listen to me attentively.You can use your own words in your retelling.今天我們有聽力訓(xùn)練。我將材料讀三遍，然后你們復(fù)述。我讀的時候不準(zhǔn)記筆記，但要仔細(xì)聽。復(fù)述時可以用自己的話。

Today I'll give you a short story for silent reading.you'll be given 20 minutes for reading without the help of the dictionary.After that you will answer some questions.今天給你們一篇短文默讀。不要查詞典，20分鐘后回答幾個問題。

Today we'll have listening practice.After that we'll sum up the uses of the definite article.今天做聽力練習(xí)。然后總結(jié)定冠詞的用法。

Today we'll have an end-of-the-unit test.Get out your exercise books.今天進(jìn)行單元測驗(yàn)。請拿出練習(xí)本。

During the test no one is allowed to ask any questions.Ask me now if you have any questions.測驗(yàn)時，不許提問題，如果有問題，現(xiàn)在就提。

IV.Teaching Activity 教學(xué)活動 Finding page 翻書頁

Open your books at page 37.把書翻到37頁。The exercise is on page 64.練習(xí)在64頁。

Turn over./ Turn over the page./ Over the page.? Turn to the next page.翻到下一頁。Next page, please.Let's move on to the next page.讓我們翻到下一頁。Turn back to page 62.翻回到62頁。

Turn back to the previous page.翻回到前一頁。

Refer back to the text notes on page 18.回過來查閱27頁上的課文。

About the Text 有關(guān)課文

Now the text.This short text is selected from a novel(magazine / newspaper).現(xiàn)在講課文。這篇短文選自小說（雜志/報(bào)紙）。

This text is adopted from a short story.這篇課文是由短篇小說改寫的。

I shall tell you something about the author's life.我將講一下作者的生平。

I shall give you a brief account of the author's life.現(xiàn)在我簡略敘述一下作者的生平。I think you've all previewed the text.Who would like to say something about the text ?我想你們都預(yù)習(xí)了課文。誰來講講課文大意？

I shall give you the general idea of the text.現(xiàn)在我給你們講一下課文大意。

We'll read this paragraph first and then explain the difficult sentences and language points.我們先將這一段讀一遍，然后再解釋難句和語言點(diǎn)。

Have you got any questions about this paragraph？這一段有問題嗎？

What is the theme / central idea of this essay ?這篇短文的主題/中心思想是什么？ When/Where did the story take place ?這故事發(fā)生在什么時候/哪兒？

What / Who is the story about ? 這故事講的是什么？

This paragraph contains a very good description.I hope you will learn it by heart.這一段描寫得很好，希望你們把它背出來。

Say something about what you have learned from the hero.談?wù)勀銖墓适轮魅斯砩蠈W(xué)到了什么？

The hero of this novel / play sets us a good example.I'm deeply moved.小說/劇本的主人公給我們樹立了一個很好的榜樣。我深受感動。

How do you like the story ? Give your reasons.你覺得這個故事怎樣？談出理由。What is your impression of the story ?你對這個故事有什么印象？ What strikes you most in this lesson ?這一課使你感受最深的是什么？ What does the story teach us ?這個故事給了我們什么樣的教育？

We have gone too far from the subject.We had better come back to the essay.我們扯得太遠(yuǎn)了，還是回到這篇文章上來。

I hope I can wind up the lesson today.我希望今天能結(jié)束這一課。

First we shall ask each other questions, then one student will sum up the lesson.我們先相互提問，然后請一位同學(xué)總結(jié)課文。

After the questions one student will retell the story.提問后要請一位同學(xué)復(fù)述課文。Language work語言學(xué)習(xí)

What does it mean ?這是什么意思？

What's the meaning of it ? What's the Chinese(word)for “computer”?“計(jì)算機(jī)”用漢語怎么說？ What's this sentence in Chinese ? 這個句子用漢語怎么說？ How would you translate this word / phrase into Chinese ? How do you say “at sea” in Chinese ? “at sea”用漢語怎么說？ What do you call it in English ?這個用英語怎么說？

How do you say it in English ? How do you express it in English ? What is the English equivalent of the Chinese word “紀(jì)律” ? 漢語“紀(jì)律”在英語的對應(yīng)詞是什么？

Could you put that into Chinese for us ? 請你替我們把那個譯成漢語好嗎？ Don't translate word for word.不要逐字硬譯。In English, please.請用英語說。Say it in English, please.Try it in English.試用英語說說看。Reading 朗讀與說

Please read the text to yourselves.默讀課文。Familiarize yourselves with the text.把課文讀熟。Let's read the text aloud.讓我們大聲朗讀課文。Start reading from line 5.從第5行開始讀。

Read the first ten lines.讀前8行。

Read as far as/down to the end of the chapter.讀到這章的結(jié)尾。One Read to the end of line 6.讀到第6行結(jié)尾。Let's take(it in)turns to read.讓我們輪流讀。after the other, please.請依次朗讀。Another sentence, please.請?jiān)僮x一句。Finish the sentence(off).讀完這一句。

Don't stop in the middle of the sentence.不要在句中停下來。Stop there, please.請?jiān)谶@兒停下來。That's enough, thank you.夠了，謝謝。Go on reading, David.大衛(wèi)，繼續(xù)讀。

Read the next bit / section / paragraph, will you, Mary.瑪麗，請你讀下面一部分/一節(jié)/一段。Next, please./ Next one, please.請下一個讀。Someone else, please.請別的同學(xué)讀。

Mary, go on from where Bill left off.瑪麗，請從比爾停下來的地方讀起。Let's all read the sentences from the board.讓我們一起讀黑板上的句子。

We'll read them again, but this time all together.我們把這些再讀一遍，不過這次我們大家一起讀。

Now, read in chorus after me.現(xiàn)在全班跟我念。Now, let’s read it together.現(xiàn)在我們一起念。Read aloud.大聲念。

Read slowly and loudly.慢慢地大聲地念。

Reading aloud is very important.朗讀是非常重要的。I’ll read it three times.我把它念三遍。

All together now, please.現(xiàn)在大家一起讀。The whole class, please.請全班一起讀。Let's read in chorus.讓我們齊聲朗讀。Let's all say it together.現(xiàn)在我們一起念。Say it with me.和我一起念。Say it distinctly.清晰地說出來。

Say it clearly.清楚地說出來。

I can’t understand what you said.我不懂你說什么。You’ve read quite fluently/well.你念得相當(dāng)流利/好。You’ve mispronounced one word.你念錯了一個詞。Is it correct, class? 這對嗎，同學(xué)們？ Not so good.不很好。That’s better.這樣好些。

Read with proper expression.用適當(dāng)?shù)谋砬槔首x。

This sentence should be read with the rising tune.應(yīng)該用升調(diào)來朗讀這個句子。No, you said “night” instead of light.不對，你把“night”念成“l(fā)ight”。Don’t use the nasal sound.不要用鼻音。

Be sure to practice on it again and again.要反復(fù)不斷地練習(xí)。

He used the falling tune instead of the rising tune.他把升調(diào)念成降調(diào)。

I’ll check on you/your pronunciation again tomorrow.明天我要檢查你/你的發(fā)音。

You should read aloud for half an hour every early morning.你應(yīng)該每天清晨朗讀半小時。You still have some difficulties with your pronunciation.你的發(fā)音還有些困難。I’ll give you some more phonetic drills.我要再給你一些語音訓(xùn)練。

Practice these sounds over and over again until you pronounce them correctly.不斷地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，直到你能正確地發(fā)這些音。

Do you know all the phonemes? 你掌握了所有的音素嗎？

Repeat it two or three times, will you?你重復(fù)地說兩三次，好嗎？

Read these sentences, paying attention to the rising tune.朗讀這些句子，注意用升調(diào)。I can’t quite catch the pronunciation of this word.我把握不住這個詞的發(fā)音。

Read the following dialogue with correct pronunciation and proper intonation.用正確的語音語調(diào)朗讀下面的對話。

Read the transcribed passages with proper pause and correct intonation.用適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD和正確的語調(diào)朗讀用音標(biāo)寫成的段落。

Don’t put in extra syllables after consonants.在輔音后面不要另加音節(jié)。

The [s] sound at the end of the word should be pronounced distinctly.詞末的[s]音必須清晰地發(fā)出。

Say it louder./ Speak it louder./ Louder./ Speak up.大聲說。Let's read them once.讓我們再說一遍。

Pay attention to the others when they read, catch their mistakes and make corrections.注意聽別人朗讀，看看有沒有錯誤并給以糾正。

Read more distinctly/clearly/carefully/slowly, please.請讀清楚/仔細(xì)/慢些。

Read more naturally, if you can.盡可能讀得自然些。

Read more loudly and slowly so that everybody can hear you.讀得響亮一些，慢一些，好讓大家聽到。

Read the endings of all these words distinctly.這些詞的詞尾都要讀清楚。

You have read very well today, but you can do still better.今天你讀得很好，你還能讀得更好一些。

You read much better now than before.Keep it up.你現(xiàn)在比以前讀得好多了。Read after me./ Now repeat after me.跟我讀。

I'll read the text alone first, and then you'll read after me / follow my reading carefully.我把課文先讀一遍，然后你們跟我仔細(xì)讀。

I'm going to read the whole text.Listen to me, please.我要讀課文，請聽。Everybody, listen and repeat.大家先聽，然后跟著讀。All together now, please.現(xiàn)在大家一起讀。

Everyone, say “ severe acute respiratory syndrome，or SARS ”.大家跟著讀“severe acute respiratory syndrome，or SARS ”。All of you.你們大家一起讀。

Not just this row.別只讓這一排讀。Now all the boys.現(xiàn)在全體男同學(xué)讀。

Just the girls./ Girls only.只請女同學(xué)讀。

Let's begin with the boys.男同學(xué)先開始（讀）吧。This row.這一排（讀）。The next group.下一組（讀）。

The back row on its own.后面一排自己讀。

Just the front row.前面一排（讀）。

One after the other, please.請一個接一個（讀）。

Take it in turns, starting here.大家輪流，從這里開始。

Join in with the rest of us, Mary.瑪麗，你和我們大家一起讀。Understanding 理解

Do you all understand ?你（們）都懂了嗎？

Do you understand everything?你（們）全部都懂了嗎？

Is there anything you don't understand ?你（們）還有什么不懂的地方？

Can you follow me ? / Can you follow what I've said ?你（們）能聽懂我的話嗎？ Do you catch / get my meaning ?你（們）懂我的意思嗎？ Don't you see / get my meaning / point ? Can't you see my meaning / point ? Do you understand me thoroughly ?你們懂得透徹嗎？

Do you understand all that I've said ?我講的你（們）全懂了嗎？

Do you know the meaning of all the words ?所有單詞的意思你（們）都懂了嗎？

Are there any words you don't know the Chinese for ?有什么單詞的漢語對應(yīng)詞你（們）不懂嗎？

Are there any phrases you don't know the meaning of ?還有什么短語的意思你們不懂的？ Is everything clear(to you)?你（們）都明白了嗎？

Can I help you with any words or phrases ?有什么單詞或短語需要我講解嗎？ Are there strange words or expressions ?有什么生疏的單詞或短語嗎？ Are there any questions in this text ?課文還有什么問題嗎？

Has anybody got anything to ask about this text ?有誰對課文還有問題？ Who else has a question to ask ?還有誰有問題？

Is there anything else you would like to ask about ?你還有別的什么問題嗎？ Are there any points you're not sure of ?還有什么要點(diǎn)你（們）沒有把握嗎？ Is there anything you are unfamiliar with ?有什么東西你（們）不熟悉？

Is anything not clear to you ?有什么不清楚的地方嗎？ Did I make everything clear to you ? 我都講清楚了嗎？

Please come to me if you don't quite understand.I'll be in the office after class.如果不太明白，請來問我。下課后我在辦公室。

Please come to my office if you need my help.如果需要我?guī)椭?，請到辦公室來。Don't hesitate to ask me if anything is not clear to you.有什么不清楚的地方，盡管問。Raise you hands if you can't follow me.聽不懂就請舉手。

Ask me if you can't catch my meaning.不懂我的意思就問我。

We'll look at some difficult points in this text.我們來看這課課文里的一些難點(diǎn)。We start with a look at some difficult structures.我們先看看一些不易弄清的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。Let's look at the passage in more detail.讓我們更仔細(xì)地閱讀這一段。

Perhaps we should have a detailed look at this again.或許我們應(yīng)當(dāng)再仔細(xì)把這個看一遍。Look at line 6 for a moment.請看一下第6行。

I'd like to draw your attention to the word “SARS” in line 20.我想你們注意第20行中的“SARS”一詞。

It's worth noticing how the word “aircraft” is used in line 5.第5行中“aircraft”一詞的用法值得注意。

The meaning of this sentence is something like “ He was shocked ”.這句的意思有些像“He was shocked”。

Let's see if you've understood.讓我們看看你（們）是否懂了。

Let's ask some questions about / on this passage.讓我們就這一段提一些問題。

You had the job of preparing five questions each on this unit.你們每個人都要對這一單元準(zhǔn)備5個問題。

I don't think you've had / met this word before.我想你們以前沒有學(xué)過這個單詞。Let's read through the vocabulary first.讓我們先看一下詞匯表。I think we had this verb last time.我想上次我們學(xué)過這個單詞。

We looked at / dealt with these forms last week.上星期我們學(xué)過/講過這些句子形式。We had this in your last lesson.上一課你們學(xué)過這個。

What's another way of saying “on earth” ? “on earth”的另一種說法是什么？

How else can you say the same thing ?相同的意思你還有什么別的說法？

Can you say the same thing, using different words ?你能用不同的詞匯說出同樣的意思嗎？ Give a synonym for “rush”.舉出“ rush”的同義詞。

What is a synonym for “small” ? “small”的同義詞是什么？

What's another word that means the same as “high” ?與“high”同義的另一個單詞是什么？ What are two words that mean the same as “great” ? 與“great”同義的兩個單詞是什么？

Can you give me one word that means “to come back” ?你能給我舉出一個與“to come back”同義的單詞嗎？

What's one word that means / for “out of work” ? 與“out of work”同義的單詞是什么？ Give me a phrase that means approximately / more or less the same thing.給我舉出一個意思相近的短語。

What does “blue” mean here ?這里的“blue”是什么意思？

In what sense is the word “cry” used here ?這里用“cry”一詞是什么意思？ What does it mean in this context ? 在這樣的上下文里，這個詞是什么意思？ What does “PR” refer to in this sentence ? “PR”在這句里指什么？

What do the words in brackets / italics mean here ?括號里的/斜體的單詞在這里是什么意思？ Use your own words，please。請用自己的話說。

Explain the meaning of this sentence, using your own words.請你用自己的話來解釋這句的意思。

Can you paraphrase / summarize the last paragraph ?你能解釋/概述最后一段嗎？ Do you get / take me ? 你明白我的意思嗎？

Do you see what I mean / my point ?你明白我的意思嗎？ Do you know what I mean ? Do you get me？ You got it, didn't you ? Don't you see the point ? Are you there yet ?你明白了?嗎？ Did you get the picture ? Get the message yet ?

Know what I'm driving at ?知道我說的意思嗎？ Know what I'm getting at ? OK ?

OK so far ?到現(xiàn)在為止都懂了嗎？

You have me, haven't you ? 你明白了嗎？ Am I making myself clear ? 我說清楚了嗎？ Did I make everything clear ? Did I make myself understood ? I don't know if I'm making myself clear.If there's anything you haven't understood, please say so.如果你還有什么不明白，請?zhí)岢鰜怼?/p>

Spelling & Punctuation 拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)

Now we shall have a spelling check.現(xiàn)在我們檢查聽寫。

Can you spell all the new words in this lesson ?課文中的生詞你們都能拼寫嗎？ How do you spell the word ?這個詞你怎么拼寫？ How is “italics” spelt ? “italics”是怎樣拼寫的？

The word is spelt “i-t-a-l-i-c-s”.這個單詞拼成“i-t-a-l-i-c-s” What is the correct spelling of this word ?這個詞的正確拼法是什么？ Is there anything wrong with the spelling ?拼寫上有錯嗎？

She dropped the final “e” from the word “schedule”.她把“schedule”中的最后一個“e” 漏寫了。Spell it aloud.大聲拼出這個詞。

Spell it in English.用英語拼寫這個詞。

Have you spelt it right ?這個詞你拼對了嗎？

Let's see if you've spelt it right.讓我們看看你是否拼對了。Can anybody correct Tom's spelling ?誰能糾正湯姆的拼寫？ I'm afraid this is spelt wrong.恐怕這個拼錯了。

I'm sorry, you've made a spelling mistake.很遺憾，你拼錯了。There are two words you've spelt wrong.有兩個詞你拼錯了。What letter is missing ? 什么字母漏掉了？

Is this letter right / correct ?這個字母對/正確嗎？ There's a “k” missing./ A “k” is missing.字母“k”漏掉了。There's one letter too many / few.多了/ 少了一個字母。You've got one “I” too many / few.你多了/ 少了一個“I”。You need an extra letter here.這里你需要再加一個字母。

There should be an “o” instead of “u”.這里應(yīng)該是“o” 而不是 “u”.Write it with a capital “J”.這個單詞的“J”要大寫。Spell it with small letters.用小寫字母拼寫這個單詞。

The word begins/ends with the letter “p”.這個單詞以字母“p”開始/結(jié)束。It's spelt the same as in French.這個單詞與法語的拼法一樣。Write it as one word / two words.把它寫成一個/兩個單詞。

Write it separately / together.把它分開/合攏寫。

These two letters are the wrong way round.這兩個字母的先后次序?qū)懙沽恕?/p>

Tom and Mary, you two come to the blackboard;the others please write in your exercise-books.I'll read each word twice.Please give me the spelling, meaning and part of speech of each word.Now look at the blackboard and see any words have been misspelled by either Tom or Mary.Did Tom spell the word “paece” correctly---No, he put the letter “e” after the letter “a”.That's wrong.The letter “a” should come after the “e”.湯姆和瑪麗，你們兩人到黑板上來，其他的人請寫在練

習(xí)本上。每個詞我讀兩遍，要求你們寫出每個詞的拼法、詞義和詞類。

You must try to remember the spelling rules, otherwise you are liable to make mistakes in your spelling.你們要設(shè)法記住拼寫規(guī)則，否則容易拼錯。

The spelling of certain numerals requires special attention, e.g., forty, eighth, and ninth.有幾個數(shù)詞的拼法需要特別注意，例如

Do the Americans spelling this word in the same way as the British ?這個詞美國人的拼法跟英國人的一樣嗎？

I'm not sure if I've spelt this word right.Can you check it for me, please ?我不能肯定這個詞是否拼對了，你可以幫我檢查一下嗎？

You mustn't rely on your sense of hearing alone.You must know the spelling of each word you've learned.你不能只憑聽覺，而必須掌握學(xué)到的每個詞的拼法。You need a comma here.你在這里需要加逗號。There should be a full stop(a period).這里應(yīng)該用句號。Put a comma after this word.在這個詞后加逗號。Always check the punctuation.要經(jīng)常檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。Can we leave this comma out ?我們可以省略這個逗號嗎？

Don't forget to put a full stop at the end of each sentence.別忘了在句末加句號。What punctuation mark shall we put here ? 這兒應(yīng)該用什么標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號？ Why do we put a colon after this word ? 這個詞后面為什么加冒號？

Shall we put a comma, a question mark, a dash, or a semi-colon here ?這里該用逗號、問號、破折號還是分號？

This sentence should be put in quotation marks.這個句子應(yīng)放在引號內(nèi)。Correctness 改正 Is that right ?那對嗎？

What is the answer ?答案是什么？

Was that the correct answer ?那是正確答案嗎？ Can you say that ?你能那樣講嗎？ Can you say it like that ?你能照那樣講嗎？ It's a trick question.這是個難題。Don't fall into the trap.別陷入圈套。

You make a small / slight mistake.你有個小錯誤。

There was a small mistake in what you said.That wasn't quite right.那不完全對。

That was almost right--just one little slip.那幾乎對了---只是有點(diǎn)小錯。You missed the verb out.你把動詞漏掉了。You forgot the preposition.你忘了用介詞。You used the wrong tense.你用錯了時態(tài)。

You misunderstood the instructions.你把題目要求理解錯了。

Is there anything to correct / that needs correcting ?有什么要改正的嗎？ Anything wrong in sentence 7 ?第7句里有錯嗎？ How should you say it ?你該怎么說？

What should you say ? How should you answer ?你該怎樣回答？

What would you say, Mary ?瑪麗，你會怎么說？

Did anyone notice the mistake ? 誰注意這個錯誤了嗎？

Can anyone improve on that / what Mary said ?誰能對這個/瑪麗說的加以改進(jìn)嗎？ Can you improve on her answer ?你能把她的回答改進(jìn)一下嗎？ The whole sentence construction is wrong.整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)錯了。The word order is wrong.語序錯了。

He made a serious mistake in grammar.他犯了一個嚴(yán)重的語法錯誤。

He did not pay enough attention to the agreement of the subject and the predicate.他對主謂語的對應(yīng)關(guān)系注意不夠。

After a preposition the objective case of pronouns should be used, but he used the nominative case.在介詞后面，人稱代詞應(yīng)該用賓格，但是他用了主格。Did he make any other mistake ?還有其他錯誤嗎？

This is an inexcusable mistake.Haven't I pointed it out to you time and again ?這是一個不能原諒的錯誤。我不是再三給你指出過了嗎？

Here is one more mistake.He forgot to put an exclamation mark at the end of the sentence.這里還有一個錯誤。句末他忘了加感嘆號。

What correction should be made to / in that sentence ?這個句子怎么改正？

How could you correct that sentence ? Is there another way off saying it ?還有別的說法嗎？

Is there a better / shorter way of saying the same thing ?有更好的/較簡短的表示相同意思的說法嗎？

What's a better way of saying it ?更好的說法是什么？

That is all right, but is there another way ?那不錯，但是還有別的說法嗎？ Any alternative suggestions for number 4 ?對第4題還有別的什么建議嗎？ Can anyone say it another way ?誰能用別的方式說嗎？ Try to put it in other words盡量用別的話說說看。.What other word could you use here ?你在這里還能用別的什么詞嗎？ What else could you say ?你還有別的說法嗎？

How else could you say it ? That's another possibility.那是另外一種可能性。

That's one answer I hadn't thought of.那是我沒想到的一種答案。

I hadn't thought of it that way.我原先沒那樣考慮。

Try to say something.Don't be afraid of making mistakes.盡量說，別怕說錯。Don't be afraid / nervous / shy.別害怕/緊張/膽怯。Can you point out any mistakes ?你能指出錯誤嗎？ Any more mistakes ?還有錯嗎？

I've got it right, haven't I ?我做對了，是吧。

I'd like to check I've got everything right.我想檢查一下我是否把一切都搞對了。Anything wrong ? 有錯嗎？ Is it OK ? 這對嗎？

That's right ?對嗎？

Am I right in supposing so ? 我這樣設(shè)想對嗎？ I guess you're right.我想你是對的。

No, there's nothing wrong with that.不，這沒什么錯。Yes, that's quite right / correct.是的，那是對的。

That's about it.差不多。That's it!對。That's OK.Absolutely.絕對正確。Exactly.一點(diǎn)不錯。Precisely.正是如此。

I didn't think so.I'm afraid it's wrong.恐怕這不對。

Sorry, that's not correct.對不起，這根本不對。No, it's all wrong.不，全錯了。

Vocabulary Work 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

Now we'll go ahead with our vocabulary work.First let's look at this word.現(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)行詞匯學(xué)習(xí)。首先我們看這個詞。

Now I'll explain the meanings of theses words.現(xiàn)在我來解釋這些詞的意思。What is the meaning of this word ?這個詞的意思是什么？

This is a colloquialism / a word used in written language only which should not be used carelessly.這是一個口語體/書面體的詞，不能隨便用。

This noun can be used only in the singular / plural number.這個名詞只有單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)。

This noun appears in the plural form only, never in the singular form.This is a collective noun.這個名詞只以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，從來沒有單數(shù)形式。

Though it appears in the singular form, it takes a plural predicate verb.它是一個集合名詞，雖然形式上是單數(shù)，它必須跟復(fù)數(shù)的謂語。

You should use the singular, not the plural.你應(yīng)該用復(fù)單數(shù)，而不應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

“Development” is the noun form of the verb “develop”.It is formed by adding suffix “-ment”.“Development”是動詞“develop”的名詞形式，它是加后綴“-ment”構(gòu)成的。

The noun “means” is always used in the plural.名詞“means”總是用作復(fù)數(shù)。

The word “sheep” has the same form in “sheep” the singular as in the plural.“sheep”這個詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形。

A proper noun should be written with a capital letter.專用名詞要大寫第一個字母。

“People” is a collective noun.It is singular in form, but takes a plural predicate verb.“People”是一個集合名詞，盡管形式上是單數(shù)，它必須與復(fù)數(shù)的謂語動詞連用。

This is an uncountable noun.It has no plural form.這是個不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。What is the plural form of the noun “box”? 名詞“box”的復(fù)數(shù)形式是什么？ We form the plural by the addition of “-es”.我們加“-es”構(gòu)成該詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Why do we add “-es”?--Because “box” ends in “x”.Nouns ending in ss,x, sh, ch,o, form the plural by adding “-es”.為什么我們要加“-es”？因?yàn)椤癰ox”是以“x”結(jié)尾的。凡是以ss, x, sh, ch, o結(jié)尾的名詞，它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式都是在該名詞后面加“-es”。

This word is no longer used.這個詞現(xiàn)在不用了。

The word “record” can be used either as a verb or as a noun.When it is used a verb it means “錄音”.when it is used as a noun it means “唱片”.when it is used as a noun the accent is on the first syllable;if it is used as a verb the accent shifts to the second syllable.“record”這個詞可以用作動詞也可以用作名詞。當(dāng)動詞用時意思是“錄音”；當(dāng)名詞用時意思是“唱片”。這個詞當(dāng)名詞用時，重音在第一個音節(jié)，當(dāng)動詞用時重音在第二個音節(jié)。

Try not to mix these two words up.盡量不要把這兩個詞混淆起來。

Don't get “skirt” and “shirt” mixed up.不要把“skirt”同 “shirt”混淆起來。

Is “reading” a participle or a gerund ? “reading”是現(xiàn)在分詞還是動名詞？

You've got mixed up by the use of participle and gerund.你混淆了現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的用法?！癎erund” can be called verbal noun.Gerund被稱之為動名詞。

Gerund is used partly as a noun, partly as a verb.動名詞部分當(dāng)作名詞，部分當(dāng)作動詞。This word can be used either as a verb or as a noun.It is spelt in one way, but is pronounced in different ways.這個詞既可當(dāng)作動詞，又可當(dāng)作名詞。拼法是一樣的，但讀音不同。This word is mostly used as a noun, but when it is used as verb the accent shifts to the second syllable.這個詞在大多數(shù)場合下用作名詞，當(dāng)動詞用時，重音移到第二個音節(jié)上。

This word is a derivation.Point out its root / prefix / suffix.這是一個派生詞，說出它的詞根/前綴/后綴。

“Rewrite” is formed by adding prefix “re”.“Rewrite”是加前綴“re”構(gòu)成的。What is the noun derived from “electric”? 由“electric”派生的名詞是什么？ What is the verb that corresponds to this noun? 與這個名詞相應(yīng)的動詞是什么？

In this phrase “to” is a preposition, not an infinitive sign, so it should be followed by a noun or a gerund, not the root form of a verb.在這個短語中，是介詞，to不是不定式符號。因此它后面要接名詞或動名詞，不能接動詞原形。

This verb may express different meanings when followed by different prepositions.這個動詞后面跟不同的介詞，就有不同的意義。

We should add an “s” to the verb.我們應(yīng)該在這個動詞之后加“s”。

Can anyone tell me the corresponding verb ? 誰能告訴我這個相應(yīng)的動詞？

“Give” is a transitive verb.It needs an object.Give 是及物動詞，后面須帶賓語。“Run” is an intransitive verb.No object can be followed.Run是不及物動詞，后面不能帶賓語。How do you say the word in Chinese ? 你能說出這個詞的漢語意思嗎？

Look up this word in the dictionary and give some examples to show its different uses.先查詞典，然后舉例說明這個詞的不同用法。

Give the synonym and antonym of this word.給出這個詞的同義詞和反義詞。What's the opposite of “generous” ? “generous”的反義詞是什么？ “Tall” is the synonym of “high”.“Tall”是“high”的同義詞。“Big” is the antonym of “small”.“Big”是“small”的反義詞。

“Look” has the same meaning with “watch”.“l(fā)ook”與“watch”同義。

These two words are identical in meaning and can be used interchangeably.這兩個詞意義相同，可以相互替換使用。

Is there a difference in meaning between “pretty” and “beautiful”? “pretty”與“beautiful”的意思有沒有區(qū)別？

What is another way of saying “How are you”? “How are you”的另一種說法是什么？ What is another word for “quite”? 與“quite”同義的另一個詞是什么？

What other words are there for “heavy”? 表示heavy意思的還有哪些詞？

What's the difference between “possibility” and “probability”? “possibility” 與 “probability”的區(qū)別是什么？

Though these two words are synonymous, they are not to be used interchangeably.One is used as an attribute;the other is used as a predicative.這兩個詞意義相同，但不能交替使用。一個當(dāng)定語用，另一個當(dāng)表語用。

Notice “friendly” is an adjective, not an adverb, though it has a “-ly” ending.注意“friendly”是形

容詞，不是副詞，雖然它以“-ly”結(jié)尾。

Participle is used mostly as adjective or adverbial.現(xiàn)在分詞大部分用作形容詞或副詞。Adverbs which modify adjectives or other adverbs must be placed immediately before the word they modify.修飾形容詞或其他副詞的副詞應(yīng)該放在它們的所修飾詞的前面。

This word has a bad connotation.Be sure to use it only in its right context.這是個貶義詞，必須從上下文正確使用。

You must learn this word from the context.你應(yīng)該從上下文來掌握這個詞。

No two words are exactly the same in meaning.Learn to differentiate their shades of meaning.沒有哪兩個詞的意義完全相同。應(yīng)注意學(xué)習(xí)它們之間的細(xì)微差別。

You can guess the meaning of this word from the context.從上下文你可以猜出這個詞的意義。We shall learn how to use the new words and expressions that appear in this lesson.我們要熟悉課文中出現(xiàn)的新詞的用法。

Notice in this sentence the word is used figuratively / in a transferred sense.注意在這個句子中這個詞是轉(zhuǎn)義。

To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.要學(xué)好一種語言，你必須逐步積累有用的詞匯。

Don't invent words or phrases.Follow the customary usage.不能臆造詞語，而必須按照一般的習(xí)慣用法。

Don't always use the same words and phrases in your written work.You should have more variation in your work.在書面作業(yè)中不要老是使用同樣的單詞和短語。應(yīng)該有更多的變化。This phrase is often used as an independent element.這個短語常用作獨(dú)立成分。

This phrase often serves as a connecting link in its context.這個短語起承前啟后的作用。Try to make use of the words and phrases you have learned.設(shè)法利用你學(xué)過的單詞和短語。Remember it is a set phrase.It should not be changed.注意這是一個固定詞組，不要隨意更改。This phrase can only be used as an adverbial, never as a predicative.這個詞組只能作狀語，不能作表語。

This is a useful sentence pattern.Can you make a sentence according to / after this pattern?這是一個很有用的句型。你能按照這個句型造一個句子嗎？

You must learn how to use dictionaries and reference books.你必須學(xué)會用詞典和參考書。Can you use “bright” to mean “clever”? 可不可以用bright表示clever的意思？

Did “ship” and “vessel” mean the same thing ? “ship”和“vessel”表示同樣的東西嗎？ Does it make sense if I say, “He's head over heels in love with her”?

如果我說：“He's head over heels in love with her”，這講得通嗎？

Does “school” have more than one meaning ? “school”是不是有不止一種意思？

I don't understand this sentence.Can you help me ?我不懂這句子的意思，你能幫助我嗎？ When would you use the word “silly”? 你什么時候用silly這個詞？

Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)

What part of speech is this word ? 這個單詞屬于什么詞類？ What part of speech does this word belong to ? What kind of noun is this ? 這是哪類名詞？

This is a proper noun.Notice the first letter must be capitalized.這是專有名詞。注意其第一個字母要大寫。

This is an abstract noun, but it is used as a common noun here.這抽象名詞，但在這里當(dāng)普通名詞用。

Give the plural form of this noun.說出這個名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

This noun is used in a general sense, so it must be preceded by the indefinite article “a”.這個名詞是泛指，因此必須加上不定冠詞a。

This is a material noun.No article is needed.這是個物質(zhì)名詞，不必用冠詞。Is the article in this sentence used correctly? 這個句子中的冠詞用得對嗎？

Here the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, so it is in the object case.這里的人稱代詞作動詞的賓語，因此要用賓格。

Here we can substitute “mine” for “my work”.這里可以mine用來代替my work。

Can you pick out the adjectives in this sentence and tell what each modifies ?你能指出句中的形容詞，并說出它們修飾哪些詞嗎？

Give the comparative degree and superlative of this adjective / adverb.說出這個形容詞 / 副詞的比較級和最高級。

Is this a transitive or an intransitive verb ? 這是及物動詞還是不及物動詞？ If it is a transitive verb, what is its object ? 如果是及物動詞，它的賓語是什么？

Here “grew” is used as a link verb, and the word following it is a predicative.這里grew用作聯(lián)系動詞，它后面的詞是表語。

Who can give the past tense form and the past participle form of this verb ? 誰能說出這個詞的過去時和過去分詞形式？

We use “to be able to” instead of “can” in the future tense.在將來時中，我們可以用to be able to代替can。

After modal verbs “may”, “can”, “need” the root forms of verbs should be used.在情態(tài)動詞may, can, need 后面，應(yīng)該用動詞的原形。

Give the three principal parts of these irregular verbs.說出這些不規(guī)則動詞的三種主要形式。You should often refer to the list of irregular verbs and learn the forms of these verbs by heart.你們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常參考不規(guī)則動詞表，并熟記這些動詞的各種形式。

The predicate verb must agree with its subject in person and number.謂語動詞應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致。

In this case，what tense should be used？在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用什么時態(tài)？

Then，is it correct to use the present tense here ？那么，在這里用現(xiàn)在時，對嗎？

In Chinese the time relationship of the actions in a sentence is expressed by means of adverbs，but in English it is mainly expressed by the inflexion of verbs。So it is most important to learn the different forms of verbs commonly used。在漢語中，句子動作的時間關(guān)系是用副詞來表達(dá)，但在英語中，主要要用動詞的形式變化來表達(dá)的。因此，掌握常用動詞的各種形式極為重要。We can never use the present perfect tense with adverbials“ago”，“l(fā)ast week”，etc。，but we can use the present perfect tense with such adverbials as “for two hours”，“for three years”and “since last spring”，etc。我們絕不能把現(xiàn)在完成時與“ago”，“l(fā)ast week”等狀語連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時可以與“for two hours”，“for three years”and “since last spring”等狀語連用。Change this verb from the present into the past tense and future tense.把這個動詞從現(xiàn)在時改為過去時和將來時。

Here the present perfect tense should be used.Chinese students often confuse the past indefinite tense with the present perfect tense.Chinese students often have difficulty in using tense correctly.這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時。中國學(xué)生常把一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)混淆。You've used the wrong tense.你用錯了時態(tài)。

Pay attention to the sequence of tense.注意時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。

This sentence is in the active voice.Can you change it into the passive voice ?這個句子是主動語態(tài)。你能把它變成被動語態(tài)嗎？

This is an elliptical sentence.Some words have been omitted.Can you fill them in ? This sentence is incomplete.Can you make it complete ? 這是一個省略句，有些詞省略了。你能把這些詞補(bǔ)填出來嗎？

This sentence is in the inverted order.The word order in Chinese is often different from that in English.這個句子的語序是倒裝的。你能把它改成正常的語序嗎？

We usually place the part to be stressed at the beginning of a sentence so as to give emphasis.Make the following sentences more emphatic.為了加強(qiáng)語勢，我們往往把強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在句首。An infinite has the meaning of a verb, but cannot be used as a predicate verb in a sentence;it is used as a noun, an adjective or an adverb.不定式具有動詞的意義，但是不能用作句子的謂語動詞；它用作名詞、形容詞或副詞。

Underline the infinitives in the following sentences and tell their functions.用橫線劃出下列句子中的不定式，并說出它們的作用。

Write three sentences, using the same infinitive phrase as a noun, an adjective and an adverb.寫出3個句子，把同一個不定式短語用作名詞、形容詞和副詞。

Don't use the past form of the verb after the infinitive sign “to”;the root form should be used.在不定式符號“to”后面，不能用動詞的過去形式，應(yīng)該用動詞原形。

A gerund is formed by adding the suffix “-ing” to the root form of a verb.A gerund keeps the meaning of a verb, but it can never be used as a predicate verb in a sentence;it is used as a noun.動名詞是動詞后面加后綴“-ing”構(gòu)成的。動名詞保留動詞的意義，但絕對不能在句中作謂語動詞用；動名詞在句中作名詞用。

How is a gerund different from a present participle ?--They have the same form, but their functions are different.A gerund has the function of a noun, but a present participle is used as part of a predicate verb or as an adjective.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞有什么不同？---動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但作用不同。動名詞有名詞的作用，但現(xiàn)在分詞或用作謂語動詞的一部分，或用作形容詞。

A participle has the function of an adjective.It is quite commonly used.分詞有形容詞的性質(zhì)。它用得相當(dāng)普遍。

Some participles can be used either as attributes or as predicatives.有些分詞既可當(dāng)定語用，也可當(dāng)表語用。

There are two participles, the present participle and the past participle.分詞有兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。

We can often substitute a participle / participial phrase for an attributive clause.我們往往用分詞短語代替定語從句。

Change the following complex / compound sentence into simple sentences containing participial phrases.把下列主從/并列復(fù)合句改為含有分詞短語的簡單句。

Change the attributive clause in the following sentences into participial phrase.把下列句中的定語從句改為分詞短語。

Change the direct speech of the following sentence into the indirect speech.把下列句中的直接引語改成間接引語。

Change the affirmative sentence into a negative / interrogative sentence.把這個肯定句改成否定句/疑問句。

What kind of sentence is this ? Is it a simple or a compound sentence ? 這是什么樣的句子？它

是簡單句還是并列句？

Let's analyze this sentence “All roads lead to Rome”.This is a simple sentence.The subject is “All roads”.The predicate is “l(fā)ead”.“To Rome” is an adverbial, modifying the predicate.讓我們分析 “條條道路通羅馬”這個句子。這是簡單句。All roads是主語，lead是謂語，to Rome是狀語，修飾謂語。

Let's analyze this sentence “It has been a privilege for us to have travelled so much in your country”.This is a simple sentence with an anticipatory “it”.“It” is the grammatical subject, standing for the real subject “for us to have travelled so much in your country”.The predicate is “ has been a privilege”.讓我們分析“我們能在貴國訪問這么多的地方是難得的”這個句子。這是一個帶有先行詞it的簡單句。It 是語法上的主語，代替真正主語for us to have travelled so much in your country，謂語是has been a privilege。

Analyze this sentence。Draw a line under the subject，a double line under predicate，a wavy line under the attribute，and a dotted line under the adverbial。分析這個句子。在主語下劃橫線，在謂語下劃兩道橫線，在定語下劃曲線，在狀語下劃虛線。

Who can point out the subject, the predicate and the object of this sentence ? 誰能指出這個句子的主語、謂語和賓語？

What parts of speech may be used as subjects / attributes ? 哪些詞類可用作主語/定語？ Point out the compound predicate of the sentence.指出這個句子的復(fù)合謂語。

What kind of adverbial clause is this ? Is it an adverbial clause of purpose or of result ? 這是什么樣的狀語從句？是目的狀語從句還是結(jié)果狀語從句？

If we compare an English sentence with its Chinese version, we find a great difference in word order especially in the position of adverbs.如果我們比較一下英語句子和漢語譯文，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在語序上很不相同，尤其是在副詞的位置方面。

Adverbs of time and place are usually put at the end of a sentence.時間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞常放在句末。

Adverbs of manner usually come after the verbs they modify.行為方式副詞通常放在它們所修飾的動詞后面。

The preposition is most important in building up a sentence.A preposition together with its object is called a prepositional phrase.介詞在造句中極為重要。介詞與它的賓語一起稱為介詞賓語。Sometimes the same word can be used either as a preposition or as an adverb.有時同一個詞既可當(dāng)介詞也可當(dāng)副詞。

Can you tell how the word “up” is used in this sentence ? Is it a preposition or an adverb ? 這個句子中up的作什么用？是介詞還是副詞？

What are principal / secondary parts in an English sentence ? Can we leave this out ?

我們可以省略這個嗎？

Is a relative pronoun necessary here ? 這里需要一個關(guān)系代詞嗎？ Which tense do we use after “if” ? 在“if”后面我們用哪一種時態(tài)？

Which preposition comes after “to concentrate” ? 在to concentrate后面跟什么介詞？ What preposition does “to be proud” take ? 在to be proud后面跟什么介詞？

What's the rule about “some” and “any ”? “some” 和 “any ”的應(yīng)用規(guī)則是什么？

Does anybody remember the rule for using “since” and “for” ? 有誰記得應(yīng)用since和for的規(guī)則嗎？

Does anybody recall what we said about the verb “to dare” ? 有誰能想起關(guān)于動詞dare我們講了什么？

What's the past tense of “to go” ? to go 的過去時態(tài)是什么 ？

What are the parts of “to sing” ? to sing的變化形式（過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞）是什么? Where do we usually put adverbs of frequency ? 頻度副詞我們通常放在哪里? Where does the word “yet” usually come ? 單詞“yet”通常放在句中的哪一個位置？ Watch out for the conditional tense this time.這次要注意條件句的時態(tài)。Mind the preposition.注意介詞。

Phonetics 語音

We'll learn some phonetic symbols/phonemes.我們要學(xué)一些音標(biāo)/音素。

Listen carefully while I read these vowel sounds.在我讀這些元音時，請注意聽。

Look at my lip position when I pronounce this vowel sound.我發(fā)這個元音時請看我的唇位。It's a long/short vowel.這是一個長/短元音。

This is a short sound.Don't draw long when you pronounce it.這是個短音，發(fā)這個音時不要拉長。

Don't swallow any sounds.不要吞音。

Don't put the vowel sound [ ] after [g ].在[g ]后面不要加[ ].You don't pronounce [e ] very well.You should practice it more.[e ]這個音你發(fā)得不夠好，應(yīng)該多練習(xí)一下。

Distinguish these consonants / vowels.區(qū)分這些輔音/元音。

Make a clear difference between these sounds.把這些音素區(qū)別開來。Read this word syllable by syllable.把這個詞按音節(jié)讀出來。Please divide this word into syllables.請把這個詞劃分音節(jié)。

The word “remember” contains / is made of / is composed of three syllables.“remember”這個詞有3個音節(jié)。

Put the accent on the right syllable.重音要讀正確。

Read the stressed syllable distinctly.重讀音節(jié)要讀清楚。

Look here, this word has two stresses.The primary / main / strong stress falls on the third syllable.The secondary / light / weak stress falls on the first syllable.注意這個單詞有兩個重音。主重音在第3個音節(jié)上，次重音在第1個音節(jié)上。

It is important to know where to place the stresses.知道在什么地方要重讀是重要的。Now let's come to the text.I shall read it first.Please mark the accented parts.When we read any text, we should pay attention to sentence stress, sense groups, pause and liaison.在讀課文時，我們要注意句子重音、意群和連讀。

Personal pronouns, link verbs, conjunctions and prepositions are usually not stressed.人稱代詞、聯(lián)系動詞、連接詞和介詞通常不重讀。

Link this consonant with the vowel of the next word.This is what we call liaison.把這個輔音和后面的一個詞的元音連起來讀，這叫做連讀。

A preposition is usually read together with the word following it.介詞通常與它后面的詞連在一起讀。

Don't pause in the middle of a sense group, but at the end of a sense group.不能在意群中間停頓，而只能在意群后停頓。

Read aloud correctly, clearly, and with expression and observe the rules of intonation in English.應(yīng)該遵照英語語調(diào)規(guī)則，正確清楚、帶感情地朗讀。

This is a general question.It should be read in the rising tone.這是一般疑問句，應(yīng)該讀升調(diào)。We use the falling tone when we read special questions.讀特殊疑問句時用降調(diào)。

The same sentence, when read in different tense, may express entirely different feelings.同樣的句子用不同的語調(diào)讀，可以表達(dá)完全不同的感情。

Pay attention to the other when they read, catch their mistakes and make corrections.注意聽別人朗讀，看有沒有錯誤并改正。

Your intonation is not correct.你的語調(diào)不正確。

Don't confuse [s] and [z].One is voiceless and the other is voiced.When we pronounce voiced consonants, the vocal chords vibrate.不要把[s] 和 [z]混淆。一個是清輔音，另一個是濁輔音。在發(fā)濁輔音時，聲帶要震動。

Here are some rules of reading.They may serve as a help in your reading, though there are many exceptions.這里有幾條讀音規(guī)則，它們可以對你有所幫助，雖然例外很多。In the stressed open syllable “a” is pronounced as [ei].在重讀開音節(jié)中字母“a”讀作[ei]。In the stressed close syllable “a” is pronounced as [ ].在重讀閉音節(jié)中字母“a”讀作[ ]。According to the rules of reading, how should the vowel in this word be pronounced ?根據(jù)讀音規(guī)則，這個詞中的元音字母應(yīng)該怎樣發(fā)音？

The pronunciation of the vowel in this word does not conform to the rules of reading.這個單詞中的元音發(fā)音不符合讀音規(guī)則。

This word calls for your special attention as the “ea” combination is pronounced as [e], not as [ ].這個單詞需要特別注意，因?yàn)檫@里的“ea”字母組合不讀[ ]，而讀[e]。Find the words with consonant clusters.找出輔音連綴的單詞。Pay attention to incomplete plosion.注意不完全爆破。

Read the words with the help of the transcriptions.按音標(biāo)讀單詞。

You do not pronounce the [p] sound very well, as you should have more practice.[p]這個音你讀得不好，應(yīng)該多練習(xí)。

Your [e] sound is not pure.[e]這個音你發(fā)得不純。

Again, please, but watch your pronunciation.請?jiān)賮硪槐?，但注意你的發(fā)音。

Be careful with the “sh” sound.請注意“sh”的發(fā)音。

You said “class”.Listen to the correct pronunciation.剛才你念“class”，請注意正確的發(fā)音。Listen and repeat.先聽然后跟著念。

Listen to how I say it.留心聽我是怎樣發(fā)音的。Listen to me saying it.聽我發(fā)這個音。

Listen again carefully and then you try.再注意聽一遍，然后你來試一試。Listen to the way my voice goes up.注意我提高聲調(diào)的方法。Watch my lips very carefully.仔細(xì)看我的唇型。Watch my mouth closely.仔細(xì)看我的口型。

Notice how my tongue touches my teeth.注意我的舌尖是怎樣觸及牙齒的。

What intonation should I use if I want to express doubt ?如果我想表示疑問我應(yīng)該用什么語調(diào)？

What's the correct way to pronounce this word ? 這個詞怎樣念才正確 ？ Where's the stress in this word ? 這個詞的重音在哪個音節(jié)上 ？

Will you tell me if pronounce something wrongly, please.如果我有發(fā)音錯誤，請給我指出。

Writing 書寫

Write / Print it in block letters.這要用印刷體。Write it neatly.這要寫得工整。

Your handwriting is illegible.你寫的字無法辨認(rèn)。

Do the exercise in pencil / ink.用鉛筆/鋼筆做這練習(xí)。Use a pencil / pen.用鉛筆/鋼筆。

Copy this down in your notebooks.把這個抄在筆記本上。Take this down in your exercise books.把這個記在練習(xí)本。Put that down.把那個記下。

Make a note of this in your books.把這個記在書上。Don't forget to write that down.別忘記把那個寫下來。

Write it in the margin.把這個寫在書頁邊上。

Write it the empty space at the top.把這個寫在書頁上方的空白里。

Jot this down somewhere as that you don't forget it.把這個記下來，免得忘記。Come out to the blackboard, please.請到黑板前來。Go up to the blackboard.到黑板前面去。

Whose turn is it to write the sentence up ?輪到誰在黑板上寫句子？

Write it next to / about /below that word.把這個寫在那個單詞的后面/上面/下面。Try and keep your writing straight / level.盡量把板書寫得平直。Write up these notes at home.在家里整理這些筆記。

Rub out the wrong word.把這個錯字擦掉。

Wipe out / off the last letter.擦去最后一個字母。

Copy this down from the blackboard.把黑板上的詞語抄下來。

I'll write up the correct answers on the board.我把正確的答案寫在黑板上。Try to not / jot down the new words as we go along.我們邊念邊記下新單詞。Listening 聽力

Let's listen to the tape now.現(xiàn)在讓我們聽錄音。First of all, listen to the conversation.首先聽會話。Now you'll hear the conversation.現(xiàn)在你們聽會話。

What you will hear is a conversation.你們將聽到的是一段對話。

You can hear the sentences on the tape.你們可以聽到磁帶上的句子。

Here goes.開始聽了。

Off we go then.Here it comes.The tape recorder seems to be broken.這部錄音機(jī)好像有毛病了。There's / There seems to be something wrong with this tape recorder。The recorder isn't working properly.這部錄音機(jī)不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

I have / seem to have brought the wrong tape.我拿錯/好像拿錯了錄音帶。We'll have to do something else, I'm afraid.恐怕我們不得不上別的什么內(nèi)容了。There's nothing we can do about it.對于這個我們沒有辦法。Put this plug in the socket over there.把這個插頭插到那邊的插座上。Can you all hear ? 你們能聽得見嗎？ Is it clear enough ? 完全清楚嗎？ Is the sound clear enough ?聲音夠清楚嗎？ Is the volume all right ?音量行嗎？

Can you hear at the back ?你們在后面聽得見嗎？

If you can't hear, come a bit nearer.如果你們聽不到，走近一點(diǎn)。Is that better ? 這樣好一點(diǎn)了嗎？

I've got too much treble and not enough bass.我把音調(diào)調(diào)得太高了，低音還調(diào)得不夠。I'll just find the place.我來找出要聽的部分。

Wait a moment / second / minute, I'll just rewind the tape.等一會兒，我來把錄音帶倒回來。Let me just find the beginning again.讓我找出錄音的開始部分。

Look at the questions while I find the place.你們先看問題，我來找這段錄音。I'm sorry about the mix-up over the tapes.很遺憾，錄音帶不清楚。I'll try not to let it happen again.我盡量不讓這種情況再發(fā)生。Listen again.再聽一遍。

Let's listen to it once more / once again.讓我們把這個再聽一遍。Now we'll listen to it again.現(xiàn)在我們把這個再聽一遍。We'll stop here / there for a moment.我們在這里/那里停一會兒。

Before we go on, I'll ask you some questions.在繼續(xù)聽之前，我將向你們提一些問題。

Listen and repeat.先聽，然后跟著復(fù)述。

All together, after the tape.全體同學(xué)跟著錄音朗讀。Repeat after the tape.跟著錄音朗讀。

Just listen.Don't say anything.靜聽，不要說話。

Listen but don't write anything.聽，但不要做筆記。Listen carefully to the instructions.仔細(xì)聽聽要求。

As you listen, fill in the missing words.邊聽邊填充缺少的單詞。

While you listen / are listening, answer question 3.在你們聽的同時，回答第3個問題。While listening mark your answer sheet.你們邊聽邊在答卷上標(biāo)出正確答案。

Before listening, read through the questions.在聽錄音之前，先把問題看一遍。Before listening again, familiarize yourselves with the questions.在重聽錄音之前，你們要熟悉這些問題。

Now I have a pop song for you.現(xiàn)在我給你們聽一首流行歌曲。Listen to the words of the song.請聽歌詞。

Translation 翻譯

Comment on Mr.Green's translation.請對格林先生的翻譯提意見。

His translation is not faithful enough to the original.他的翻譯對原文不夠忠實(shí)。He made a few slips in the version.他的譯文有些小錯。

Who can translate this sentence better ? 誰能把這個句子譯得好些？ Who can give a better translation of this sentence ?

Who can give a better version ?

Is there another way of translating this sentence ? 還有別的譯法嗎？

Please read your version.You may have translated this sentence in different way.把你的譯文讀一下，可能你有不同的譯法。

Don't translate word for word.不要逐字死譯。

Don't translate it literally.If you wish to translate well, you must know both languages well.如果你要翻譯得好，必須精通兩種語言。

Exercises 練習(xí)

Let's try it aloud before you write it down.在筆頭做這個練習(xí)之前，先讓我們口頭試做一下。We'll do the exercise orally.我們將以口頭形式做這個練習(xí)。

First we shall ask each other questions.Then one student will sum up the lesson.我們先相互提問

題，然后請一位同學(xué)總結(jié)課文。

After the question one student will retell the story.提問后要請一位同學(xué)復(fù)述課文。

What questions can you ask about this sentence / text ? 對這個句子/課文可以提什么問題？ Ask one of the other students a question on this paragraph.對這段提一個問題，請另一個同學(xué)回答。

Have your questions ready.You are to ask each other questions today.準(zhǔn)備好問題，今天你們互相提問。

Can you ask a question this way ? 可以這樣提問嗎？

Is there any other way of asking a question ? 還可怎樣提問題？ Have the questions been asked correctly ? 提得對嗎？

Please answer the questions without looking at your books.請回答問題，不要看書。Use the third person when you answer this question.用第三人稱回答這個問題。

Perhaps one of you can answer this question.Who will do it ? Please raise your hands.可能你們中間有人能回答這個問題。誰愿意回答？請舉手。

Please listen carefully and see whether his answer is correct ?請仔細(xì)聽他回答得對不對。Can you improve on his answer ? 你能把他的回答改進(jìn)一下嗎？

You should use complete sentences in answering questions.應(yīng)該用完整的句子來回答。

The student beside him / sitting next to him / seated next to him, please help him.坐在他旁邊的同學(xué)，請幫助他一下。

Mary, do you think Tom's answer is right ? 瑪麗，你認(rèn)為湯姆的回答正確嗎？ Did you hear his answer clearly 他的回答你聽懂了嗎？

He did not understand the question.That's why his answer was not to the point.他沒聽懂問題，所以回答得不對。

I think we should answer the question this way…我想這個問題應(yīng)該這樣回答。。。Please retell the content of this short essay briefly.請將這篇短文的內(nèi)容作簡單的復(fù)述。Tell us the content / the main points of this lesson in your own words.用你自己的話把這篇課文的內(nèi)容 / 要點(diǎn)講出來。

Please give the general idea of the lesson according to the outline.請按提綱講出課文大意。Tell us what you know about the content of the text you have read.就你所知把有關(guān)讀過的這篇文章內(nèi)容給我們講一下。

Please give the main idea of each paragraph.請把每段的主要意思講一下。

What sub-topic / sub-heading can be used for this section ? 這一部分可以用什么標(biāo)題？ What is the central idea of this section ? 這一部分的中心思想是什么？ What does the first part describe ? 文章的第一部分描述些什么？

Please explain the whole paragraph in simple terms.請把整段用淺顯的語言解釋。

Can you say this more briefly, in just one or two sentences.你能講得更簡單些，用一兩句話來說明嗎？

Please point out all the inaccuracies in Jane's explanation.請把珍妮解釋得不準(zhǔn)確的地方指出來。

Any comments on Alice's description ? 對愛麗斯的描述有意見嗎 ？

Today we have oral drill.Please look at the picture and the key words on page 87.You are expected to say a short paragraph about the picture.Look, boys and girls.Here is a picture of Xuan Wu Hu park.Please describe it, using the words and phrases you have learned in this lesson.今天做口頭練習(xí)。請看第87頁的圖畫講一小段話。同學(xué)們看，這是一副玄武湖公園的圖畫。

請你們描述一下，要用這課書里學(xué)到的單詞和短語。

Today we have aural training.I shall play you recorder.Please listen carefully, and then try to say what you have heard.今天我們進(jìn)行聽力訓(xùn)練。我給你們放錄音。請仔細(xì)聽，然后把聽到的作口頭復(fù)述。

Now we shall have our conversation class.現(xiàn)在上會話課。

Who will be the first to speak ? 誰先發(fā)言？

I'll ask two students to give up a dialogue about the weather.我要請兩個同學(xué)作一個有關(guān)天氣的對話。

Don't speak too fast.Speak slowly.不要說得太快，說慢一點(diǎn)。Please give us all the details.請說出所有細(xì)節(jié)。

Describe it in detail.詳細(xì)描述。

Now talk about yourself in the same way.現(xiàn)在用同樣的方式談?wù)勀阕约骸?/p>

Now say what you enjoy doing, using the idea below.現(xiàn)在用下面的意思談?wù)勀阆矚g做什么。Use these ideas to practice similar conversation.用這些想法進(jìn)行相似的會話。

Now you make some suggestions, beginning with “How about…?” 現(xiàn)在你提一些建議，用“How about…?”開始。

First, let's listen to the dialogue, then we shall do it in pairs.After that, you can change roles.首先，讓我們聽一段對話，然后分成兩人一組做練習(xí)。接著你們可以調(diào)換角色。Don't go into details.Make it short and simple.不必詳述，簡單扼要說一下。Can you sum it up in a few words ? 你可以用幾句話來總結(jié)一下嗎？ English people do not talk in this way.英國人不是這樣說的。

Your sentence is not idiomatic English, though it is not wrong grammatically.你的句子不合英語習(xí)慣，雖然語法沒錯。

You must learn to speak good English.你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)說好的英語。You must learn to speak more fluently.你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)說得流利些。

Don't feel shy.You must learn to speak in public.不要怕羞。必須學(xué)會當(dāng)眾說話。

If you practice speaking in public regularly, I am sure you will overcome your nervousness.如果你經(jīng)常練習(xí)當(dāng)眾說話，我相信你會克服緊張情緒的。

The more you practice, the better you speak.越多練習(xí)，越說得好。

If you want to improve your English, you must always try to speak English.如果你要提高英語，你必須經(jīng)常多講英語。

Written Exercises 筆頭練習(xí)

Rewrite the text you've learned.改寫剛學(xué)過的課文。Write a summary of the text.寫一篇課文摘要。

Write a short passage using these words.用這些詞寫一段話。

Write a composition of about 150 words.寫一篇約150 字的作文。You can use a dictionary while writing.寫的時候可以用詞典。

Write a composition of about 120 words on one of the following subjects.就下面題目中的一個寫一篇大約120字的作文。

Write a composition about what you've learned from learning English.寫一篇作文談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)英語的收獲。

Write a composition on your study of the article “Serve the People”.寫一篇作文談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)“為人民服務(wù)”一文的體會。

You must make a plan / an outline before writing.寫作文之前應(yīng)該先擬一個提綱。

Make a draft first, then copy it into our exercise-book.寫作文之前應(yīng)該先打草稿，然后抄到本子上。

Write a composition on the topic “Environment Protection in China” in three paragraphs.You are given the first sentence of each paragraph.You are supposed to write on from there.Note that your composition should be no less than 120 words.以“中國的氣候”為題寫一篇三段內(nèi)容的作文。按每段所給的第一句或第一句的部分內(nèi)容往下寫。注意作文不得少于120字。1）China is a large country.中國的氣候 2）I prefer the climate of the。。我喜歡。。的氣候 3）With modern technology。。隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)。。。Write a summary of this story.寫這個故事的摘要。

Write a paragraph summarizing the idea of the text.寫一段短文，概括課文的大意。

Rewrite the story in the first person.用第一人稱改寫這篇故事。Write a simple / brief outline of the text.根據(jù)課文寫一個簡短的提綱。Start each paragraph on a new line.每段要另起一行。

Indent the first line of each paragraph.每段第一行開頭要空格。

Write an answer to your friend's letter.寫一封回信給你的朋友。一行

Summarize the passage in not more than 100 words.寫出這篇文章的大意，不要超過100字。Make sentences, using the substitutes.用替換詞造句。Will you make a sentence after the model ?請按范例造句。Write on every other line / alternate lines.隔行寫。

You should pay more attention to your handwriting.你應(yīng)注意書寫。

Leave more space between words.注意字與字的間隔多一些。Your letters should be connected.字母應(yīng)該連起來寫。

You must dot the i's and cross the t's.必須在i上加點(diǎn)，t上加橫道。

Now, concentrate, and try to do perfect work with no mistakes.要集中注意力，不要寫錯。Now I'll read the passage sentence by sentence.Please write carefully.現(xiàn)在我按句子讀這篇短文，請留心聽。

Please go over what you have written.I'll read the material once more slowly.Some students may have left out certain words.If so, fill them in.請把寫好的仔細(xì)檢查一遍。我把材料再慢慢讀一遍?？赡苡行┩瑢W(xué)漏寫了一些詞，如果有漏掉的，請?zhí)钸M(jìn)去。

Check your dictation.I'll read the whole story once more.檢查一下你們的聽寫，我把整個故事再讀一遍。

You must write neatly.要寫得整潔。

You must keep your exercise-books clean and tidy.要保持本子干凈整潔。

Today you will write a composition on “How to Improve My English” in class.今天在這節(jié)課上要以“如何提高我的英語水平”為題寫一篇作文。

This is a common mistake made by Chinese students.Don't make the same mistake in your work again.這是中國學(xué)生常犯的錯誤。你們不要在作業(yè)中犯同樣的錯誤。

Well, that mistake is excusable.Perhaps it is my fault;I didn't emphasize that point in the previous class.這個錯誤還可以原諒。也許是我的過錯；我沒有在上一節(jié)課強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。Rewrite the passage, correctly punctuated.重寫這一節(jié)，正確地加標(biāo)點(diǎn)。

Write the verbs in brackets in their correct forms.把括號里的動詞寫成正確的時態(tài)形式。Change these sentences in the same way as the example.仿照例句改寫這些句子。Write sentences to explain the following words.寫出句子來解釋下列單詞。

Write appropriate answers to the following questions.寫出下列問題的適當(dāng)答案。

Write out the following numbers in full.完整地寫出下列數(shù)字。Next, I would like you to …接著我想要你們。。

To finish off with, you can do some writing.最后，你們可以做一些筆頭練習(xí)。

Let's turn to something a little less serious for a moment.讓我們暫時改做一些比較輕松的練習(xí)。

Giving Examples 舉例

Cars, for example, use a lot of petrol.例如，汽車要消耗大量汽油。Let me give you an example.讓我給你舉個例子。

Phrasal verbs, such as “get up”, “catch up with”, etc.are most useful.短語動詞，像“get up”, “catch up with”等都是很有用的。

Take traffic in modern cities for instance, it's one side-effect of civilization.以現(xiàn)代城市的交通為例，這是文明的一個副作用。

Films like Gone with the Wind, Waterloo Bridge, etc., are all famous Western films.像《飄》、《魂斷藍(lán)橋》等都是著名的西方影片。

Some people are very philosophical.Like the Germans, for example.有些人非常富有哲理性，比如德國人就是這樣。

What about disco ? It's popular in Western countries.比方說迪斯科舞，它在西方國家非常流行。Allow me to cite an example.允許我舉一個例子。

Let me cite a few instances: orange, bananas, pineapples, etc., are all fruit from the south.讓我舉幾個例子：橘子、香蕉、菠蘿等都是南方產(chǎn)的水果。

Let me take an example: staff relations are much more complex.讓我舉個例子：工作人員之間的關(guān)系要復(fù)雜得多。

Take the case of television, it has a very good influence on people.以電視為例，它對人們有很好的影響。

To exemplify what I mean, let us look at our annual export of crude oil.為舉例說明我的意思，讓我們看看我們每年的原油出口。

To give you an example of this, take modern linguistics for instance.我們以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)為例，來給你們證實(shí)這方面的情況。

To illustrate my point let us consider the case of Bush.為用實(shí)例闡述我的論點(diǎn)，我們來考慮一下布什的情況。

An example of this would be: in 2002 our export increased by 20%.這方面的一個例子就是：2002年我們的出口增加了百分之二十。

The increase of production is evidence of that.生產(chǎn)增長就是這方面的例證。Explaining & Outlining 說明與概括

This is the way we'll do it.這就是我們要做練習(xí)的方法。This is how we shall do it.這就是我們怎樣做練習(xí)的方法。

I would like you to do it in the following way.我想你們按下列方法去做。Could you do it this way / like this ? 請你們這樣做/像這樣做。Try to do it the way we did it last time.按我們上次做的方法試著做。Do it the same way as last time.像上次的方法一樣去做。

What we shall do is this.我們要做的是這個。

Let me explain what I want you to do.讓我說明一下我要你們做什么。

Before you begin, let me tell you how I want you to do it.開始做之前，讓我告訴你們怎樣做。

The idea of this exercise is to…這個練習(xí)的意思是。。。。

The idea behind this is for you to ask questions.其用意是要你們提問。The idea is that you use the conditional.其用意是要你們運(yùn)用條件從句。

The purpose of this is(for you)to practise the future.這個練習(xí)的目的是要你們練習(xí)將來時。What this exercise is trying to do is(to)make you think.這個練習(xí)要達(dá)到的目的是要你們思索。The point of the second exercise is for you to ask me some questions.第二練習(xí)的目的是要你們向我提出一些問題。

You can spend ten minutes on this.你們可以用10分鐘做這個。You have five minutes to complete this.你們用5分鐘來完成這個。

I'll give you until ten past nine to finish this off.把這項(xiàng)練習(xí)做完，我給你們的時間是到9點(diǎn)50分為止。

You'll have to stop in two minutes / two minutes' time.兩分鐘后必須停止。

Don't spend more than a few minutes(in)doing / on this.用幾分鐘的時間做這個練習(xí)就夠了。Check the Answers 核對答案

I'll return your tests now.現(xiàn)在我把測驗(yàn)試卷發(fā)還給你們。

I'll give you your tests back and we can go through them together.我將把測驗(yàn)試卷發(fā)還給你們，我們可以一起查看一下。

Let's check the answers.讓我們核對一下答案。

Let's run through the answers quickly.讓我們很快地對一下答案。Check your answers on page 100.請核對100頁上的答案。What's the answer to number 5 ?第2題的答案是什么？

How does the first one go ?第1題的答案怎樣？

What have you got for number 6 ?第6題你們得出的答案是什么？ What do you have for question 7 ?第7個問題的答案是什么？

What have you put / written / marked for question 15 ?第15題你們填了/寫了/勾了什么？ Let's go on to number 12.讓我們接下去做第12題。And the next one, please, John ?約翰，請你做下一題。

What about the last one, Bill ?比爾，你來做最后一題怎么樣？

Could somebody read out what he put for number 16 ?有誰愿意把填入第16題的答案讀出來？ Has anybody got anything for the last one ?最后一題有誰做好了嗎？ What is your answer ?你的答案是什么？ How did you get on ?你做得怎樣？

Mark your own.請自己打分。

Change papers with someone / your neighbour / partner.與他人/鄰座/伙伴交換試卷。Give yourself one point for every correct answer.每答對一題，你給自己記一分。Two points for every one right.每答對一題記兩分。

Take off a point for every one(you got)wrong.每答錯一題扣一分。Count up your points.把你們的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來。

How many did you get right / wrong ?你們做對了/做錯了多少？ Did anybody get them all right ?有誰全都做對的？ What was your score ?你得多少分？

How many points did you score ? Anybody with one mistake ? Two mistakes ?有誰只有一個錯？兩個錯的？

I didn't count it as a mistake if you put “big”.如果你用“big”，我認(rèn)為這不是一個錯誤。

I didn't take any points off if you forgot to put a comma here.如果你忘了在這里點(diǎn)個逗號，我也不扣分。

What mark did get last time ?上次你得了幾分？

You lost a mark if you put “huge”.如果你用“huge”就丟一分。Mark your own tests.請你自己給試卷打分。

Mark the right answer with a tick.給正確的答案劃勾。

Giving Assignments 布置作業(yè)

Have you all handed in your exercise books?你們都交練習(xí)本了嗎？

Monitor, have you collected all the exercise books?班長，練習(xí)本收齊了嗎？ Yes, here they are.是的，（本子）已收齊了。

No, not yet.Some students have not finished yet.沒有，還沒收齊，有的同學(xué)還沒做完作業(yè)。Li Ming left his exercise book at home.He will hand it in this afternoon.李明把練習(xí)本忘在家里了，他下午交。

Collect all the exercise books after class, and take them to my office, please.下課后請把作業(yè)本收齊，送到我的辦公室。

Here are your exercise books.Please give them out.這是你們的練習(xí)本，請發(fā)下去。Be sure to keep your exercise books neat and clean!練習(xí)本要保持整潔和干凈。Don’t smear your exercise book with ink.練習(xí)本別沾上墨水。

Don’t forget to bring your pen with you next time.下次別忘了把鋼筆帶來。

You should have finished your homework.你本應(yīng)該把作業(yè)做完。

Write the first and second questions of exercise IV on the blackboard.把練習(xí)四的第一、二題寫在黑板上。

For today's homework / assignment, you must make sentences with the following words , learn the text by heart and do the exercises on page 40.今天的家庭作業(yè)是，用下列單詞/詞組造句，背書，做40頁上的練習(xí)。

For your homework, please review the text carefully and be prepared for oral questioning / a test.關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)，請仔細(xì)復(fù)習(xí)課文，準(zhǔn)備口頭回答/測驗(yàn)。

For your homework, write a letter to your parents telling them about your life at college.家庭作業(yè)是，寫一封信給你的父母親，談?wù)勀愕拇髮W(xué)生活。

No written work for today.The periods on Friday will be devoted to oral drill.今天沒有筆頭作業(yè)，星期五的課專門用來做口頭練習(xí)。

Learn the lesson thoroughly.You will be given a quiz on Wednesday.熟讀課文，星期三有小測驗(yàn)。

Learn the new words taught today.Be sure that you know their spelling, pronunciation and meaning.學(xué)會今天教的生詞，要掌握拼法、發(fā)音和詞義。

Study the text carefully and be sure that you are able to translate it into idiomatic Chinese.仔細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)課文，必須能把課文譯成通順的漢語。

Be ready to retell the story.準(zhǔn)備復(fù)述課文。

Learn by heart the passage beginning from paragraph 2 to paragraph 4.背誦第二至第四段。Learn the poem / dialogue by heart.背誦這首詩歌/這個對話。

Every student must do his homework carefully and finish it in time.同學(xué)們都要認(rèn)真做作業(yè)，并及時完成。

You should take your work seriously.你們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待作業(yè)。

You must review today's lesson before doing your homework.做作業(yè)前必須復(fù)習(xí)今天學(xué)的功課。

Prepare the last two chapters for Monday.預(yù)習(xí)最后兩章，星期一講。

Your homework for tonight is to prepare chapter 6.今晚的家庭作業(yè)是預(yù)習(xí)第六章。Prepare as far as / down to / up to page 20.預(yù)習(xí)到第25頁。

I'm not going to set(you)any homework this time.這次我不打算布置家庭作業(yè)。

Revise what we did today and then try exercise 4.先復(fù)習(xí)我們今天所學(xué)內(nèi)容，然后試做練習(xí)。Go through this section again on your own at home.請你們在家里把這一節(jié)自己看一遍。This was your homework from last time.這是上次余下的家庭作業(yè)。

You were supposed to do this exercise for homework.你們本該把這個練習(xí)作為你們的家庭作業(yè)。

Finish this off at home.在家里完成這個作業(yè)。

Finish the question you're working on at the moment, and do the rest at home.把你們正在做的那道題做完，其余的在家里做。

There will be a test on this next week.下周五將對這個進(jìn)行測驗(yàn)。

I shall give you a test on these lessons sometime next week.在下周某個時候?qū)@些課文/章節(jié)進(jìn)行一次測驗(yàn)。

Learn the vocabulary because I shall be giving you test on it in the next lesson.記住這些詞匯，下次上課我們就此進(jìn)行測驗(yàn)。

General Revision 復(fù)習(xí)

You must make a plan for the general review, and be sure that you follow / stick to it.你們應(yīng)訂一個復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃，并切實(shí)按計(jì)劃做。

I would like to give you some advice on how to review / revise your lessons.關(guān)于怎樣復(fù)習(xí)的問題，我想給你們一些建議。

You must use your time wisely and have proper rest.你們必須好好利用時間，并作適當(dāng)?shù)男菹?。See that you understand every lesson thoroughly and be able to tell the main idea of each lesson.必須徹底了解每一篇課文，并能說出每課的中心思想。

Be sure that you can read aloud the text properly.要能正確朗讀課文。

Sentence patterns are useful.You must learn to imitate them.句型很有用。你們應(yīng)該模仿套用。A careful study of the mistakes that have appeared in your written work will be helpful.仔細(xì)研究你們書面作業(yè)中出現(xiàn)過的錯誤，對你們是有好處的。

Go over your exercise once again, try to find your chief weakness and in that way you can best avoid them.把你們做過的練習(xí)再從頭到尾看一遍，設(shè)法找出自己主要的弱點(diǎn)，這樣才能最有效地加以克服。

In revision, mutual help is necessary.Still I expect independent work from you.復(fù)習(xí)時，互相幫助是需要的，但我更希望你們自己努力。

In reviewing, memorizing work should be combined with a good understanding.復(fù)習(xí)時記憶工作必須與正確的理解結(jié)合起來。

In writing or in doing translation, we must pay special attention to sentence construction, agreement, sequence of tenses, verb forms, etc.在書寫和翻譯時必須注意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、一致關(guān)系、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)、動詞形式等等。

When you review your lessons, please mark the places which you don't understand, and I will give you some coaching.復(fù)習(xí)功課時，請把不懂的地方用符號標(biāo)出，我給你們輔導(dǎo)。

You are bad / weak at grammar.You must spend more time on it.你的語法不行，你得在這方面多花些時間。Examination 考試

What's eating you, Tom? Gosh, you look upset ?怎么了，湯姆？你好象情緒不好。I did very poorly on my English test this morning.今天上午的英語考試我考得糟透了。Watch out!Professor Taylor sometimes will give a take-home exam or an open-book exam.How many courses are you taking this term ?當(dāng)心！泰勒教授有時會進(jìn)行家庭作業(yè)式的考試開卷考試。這學(xué)期你修了幾門課程？

Five and the professors are very strict.You're over-loaded.5門，老師們都很嚴(yán)。你修的課程過多了。

The final exam is coming soon.期末考試快到了。

I wonder what type of exam the teacher is going to give us.我不知道老師將會考我們什么。If it's all essay questions, I'm dead!假如都是問答題我就完蛋了。

You have to really know your material.Besides that, you have as present it in composition form.I hope it's an objective test---true-false or multiple choice and cloze test are easier for me.你必須了真正了解你要回答的內(nèi)容，此外還要以作文的方式寫出來。我希望是客觀題—是非題、選擇題、完型填空對我來說較容易。

I'm expecting to come out with two “A's” and three “B's”.我希望得到的成績是2個A和3個B。For that you must work really hard, cut out some dates, and watch out for Professor Taylor.He usually flunks a good number of students.那你就必須真正用功，取消一些約會，當(dāng)心泰勒教授，他經(jīng)常給許多學(xué)生不及格。

What's the good of exams anyway ?考試到底有什么好處？

Well, they really serve as a review and they test the amount and accuracy and familiarity of knowledge retained.If you don't take the exams, you'll wind up with an incomplete, for which you get no credit.考試實(shí)際上是一種復(fù)習(xí)，可以檢查一下所記的知識是否正確和熟練。如果你沒有參加考試，那門功課就不算修完，也就拿不到學(xué)分。

Suppose you get an incomplete because you are sick and can't take the exams.假如因生病缺考而未修完一門課程，怎么辦？

Then you must make them up, so that you get credit for the complete course.那你必須補(bǔ)考，這樣你才算修完一門課程，得到學(xué)分。

Soon we shall have the final examination.馬上就要期終考試了。

The final(examination)is coming soon.I hope you will come well prepared for your exam.希望大家為考試做好充分準(zhǔn)備。

Everyone is busy preparing for the exams.How are you going to review your lessons ?大家都忙于迎考。你打算怎樣復(fù)習(xí)功課？

The examination schedule is posted up.考試日程貼在墻上。I wish you good luck.祝你們一切順利。

I wish you every success.祝你成功。

The examination papers have all been distributed.考卷都分發(fā)了。

Don't worry.You have plenty of time to do your work.不要急。你們有充分的時間來答題。Put your name on your examination paper.Write in ink, not in pencil.把名字寫在試卷上。用鋼筆，不能用鉛筆。

Go over your papers carefully before you hand them in.交卷時仔細(xì)地把試卷從頭到尾看一遍。I hope all of you will successfully pass the term exam / entrance exam / graduation exam.希望你們都能通過學(xué)期/入學(xué)/畢業(yè)考試。Dismissing Class 下課

It isn't time to finish yet.還沒到下課時間。

The bell hasn't gone yet.鈴還沒響。

There are still two minutes to go.還有兩分鐘。

We still have a couple of minutes left.我們還有幾分鐘時間。

I only make it a quarter to ten.There's another five minutes yet.我以為現(xiàn)在是9點(diǎn)3刻，現(xiàn)在還有5分鐘。

This lesson isn't supposed to finish until ten to ten.這節(jié)課要到9點(diǎn)50分才下課。We seem to have finished a few minutes earlier.我們好像提前了幾分鐘下課。

My watch must be fast.I make it only five to ten.我的表肯定偏快。我以為現(xiàn)在是10點(diǎn)差10分。What time do you make it ?你們看現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘了？

It seems we have two or three minutes in hand / to spare.看來我們還有兩三分鐘。One more thing before you go.在你們走之前，我還要說一件事。

Don't go rushing off.I have something to tell you.別急于離開，我還有一些事情要告訴你們。We'll finish this next time.下次我們學(xué)完這個。

I don't think we've got time to finish this now.我想我們沒有時間把這個學(xué)完。We'll do the rest of this chapter on Thursday.下周四我們繼續(xù)學(xué)完這一章的剩下部分。We'll finish off this exercise in the next lesson.我們下節(jié)課做完這個練習(xí)。

We've run out of time, but we'll go on with this exercise next time.今天時間用完了，我們下次繼續(xù)做這個練習(xí)。

It's eleven thirty.We'll have to stop now.現(xiàn)在是11點(diǎn)30分，我們得下課了。It's almost time to stop.快到下課時間了。

I'm afraid it's time to finish now.恐怕現(xiàn)在該結(jié)束了。

I make it almost time.We'll have to stop here.我看時間到了。我們就上到這里吧。There's the bell for dismissal.下課玲響了。

There's the bell, as we must stop working now.鈴響了，我們得下課了。All right!That's all for today, thank you.好吧，今天就學(xué)到這兒，謝謝。Right.You can put your things away and go.好，你們整理一下東西就可離開了。Try not to make any noise as you leave.離開時盡量別弄出聲響。

No noise as you leave.Other classes are still working.離開時，不要弄出聲響，其他班還在上課。Let's have a break.我們休息一會。

Now we can relax.We'll have/take a ten-minute break.我們休息10分鐘。

We'll continue our lesson after break.休息后我們再繼續(xù)上課。So much for today.今天就講到這里。

We'll stop / leave off here today.今天的課就到此結(jié)束。

If you need help, stay behind after class.如果你需要幫助，請課后留下來。

We're going to have coaching in the seventh period.Anyone who needs help, go to room 206.第七節(jié)課我們進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)，需要幫助的同學(xué)請到206教室去。

Don't sit over your work any more.Come out and stretch your legs.不要埋頭用功了，出來活動一下。

I'm sorry I have not been able to wind up the lesson in time.很抱歉，我沒能及時講完課。Don't leave your seats before you have been dismissed.在下課未宣布之前，不要離開座位。After the break，I'll see you in Room 510 of the Language Training Center.休息后，我們到語言中心510教室上課。

There's been a change of room for next week.下周將調(diào)換教室。

We'll be meeting in Room 115 instead.我們將改在115教室上課。

The 6 period has been cancelled next Thursday as there won't be an English lesson.下周四的第6節(jié)課已取消了，所以那節(jié)英語課不上了。

I won't be here next week.Miss Wang will take / be taking you instead.我下周不在這里。王老師將代我給你們上課。

Go and join class 4A for your English lesson.到4A班去，與他們一起上英語課。I'll leave Bill some work to give you.我將委托比爾把一些作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)給你們。This was my last lesson with you.這是我給你們上的最后一課。That's it.到此為止。Class is dismissed.下課。

Class is over.Let's call it a day.Goodbye, boys and girls.同學(xué)們，再見。（對中小學(xué)生）Goodbye，everyone。各位，再見。（對中、大學(xué)生，成年人）Bye-bye, children.孩子們，再見。（對小學(xué)生）See you later回頭見。See you tomorrow 明天見。See you(on)Friday.星期五見。

Good-bye for the present!Bye now, Bill.比爾，再見。

Be seeing you soon!希望不久見到你們！

Class Control 課堂管理

Stop that / it / doing that！停止做那個。That'll do now!夠了！

That's enough of that!別再那樣了！No more of that!再那樣可不行！

Give it a rest!停止那樣做。Gut it out!停止！

I've already asked you to stop once.I won't tell you again.我已經(jīng)說過要你停下來，我不再跟你說第二次了。

(以上句子帶有不贊成或生氣的口吻)stop now.現(xiàn)在就停止。

everyone, stop what you are doing.大家停下來手頭的事。That's enough for now.做到這里就夠了。That will do, thank you.行了，謝謝。OK, that's enough.行，夠了。

All right, you can stop now.好了，你們現(xiàn)在停下來。Be quiet!安靜。

Silence, please!Settle down, all of you.你們大家都安靜下來。Listen attentively, please.請認(rèn)真聽。Listen to me carefully.No talking, please.請勿講話。

th

Stop talking now.現(xiàn)在別講話。

Don't talk.別講話。

Don't talk any more.不要再講話了。

Not another word, please.請不要再講話了。Don't be so noisy!不要吵！

You are too noisy!你們太吵鬧了。

What's all this row / noise? 怎么這樣吵鬧/嘈雜？ Don't make such a noise.不要這樣鬧哄哄的。

Not as much noise, please.請不要這樣鬧哄哄的。What are you doing there, Mary and Jane ? Stop chattering there.別在那里閑聊。Don't fidget(about).不要做小動作。Listen to what I'm saying.聽我講。Shut up, all of you.你們都別講話！

Put a sock in it, will you ? 別作聲，好嗎？

Get on with your work quietly.要安靜地繼續(xù)做功課。Sit still.坐著別動。

Don't move.Nobody move.(用作祈使句, move不加s)Sit up.坐端正。

Behave yourself.規(guī)矩點(diǎn)！

Don't keep turning round.別轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去。

Stop fidgeting / messing about.別坐立不安 / 蕩來蕩去。Don't be such a nuisance.別這么討厭。Stay in your seat.呆在座位上。

Look at the blackboard, please.Don't look at your books.Look at me.請看黑板。不要看書，看著我。

Think it over.想想看。Try / Have a try!試試看。Try again!再試試看。

Don't whisper to each other, boys and girls.同學(xué)們，不要私下說話。No peeping.不準(zhǔn)偷看。

No whispering allowed.不準(zhǔn)提示。Don't give hints.不要提示。

Don't keep prompting.別提示。

Please go on reading / writing.請繼續(xù)讀/寫。Don't interrupt him.別打斷他。

Let him go on.讓他說下去。

Will you repeat your last sentence ? I didn't get everything you said.最后一句請重復(fù)一下，我沒有完全聽清楚。

Raise your hand before asking a question.提問前要先舉手。

Please raise / put up your hand(s).請舉手。

All those who got it right, put your hands up.所有答對的同學(xué)請舉手。

Those of you who know the answer, put your hands up.知道答案的同學(xué)請舉手。

Hands down!把手放下。

Put your hands down.Back up.振作精神。

Don't hang about, get on with it.別閑混，要繼續(xù)努力做。Stop dilly-dallying.別再消磨時間。Look this way.看這邊。Look over here.往這邊看。

Could I have your attention, please.請注意聽我講。Try to concentrate now.要集中精神。Don't look out of the window.別往窗外看。Look up for a moment.抬起頭來看一看。

Don't sit there daydreaming.Work on your own.獨(dú)自做。

Everybody work individually.各自分別做。(用作祈使句, work不加s)坐端正。

Try to work independently.獨(dú)自試著做。Work by yourself.單獨(dú)做。No cheating.不許作弊。

Don't disturb your neighbour.別打擾鄰座。

There's no need to discuss it with your neighbour.沒有必要與鄰座討論這個。Try to do it exactly the same way as I'm doing it.完全按我的方式試著做。That's fine.You will have to finish in a minute.你們必須馬上結(jié)束。

I'll have to stop you in two minutes.再過兩分鐘你們就停下來。Your time is up now, I'm afraid.恐怕現(xiàn)在時間已到了。Let her try it on her own.讓她自己試著做。Don't whisper the answer.別私下告訴答案。Don't help him.別給他提示。

Teacher’s comments 教師評語

Responses and Asking Questions 回答與提問 I see.我明白了。

Oh, did you? 哦，是嗎？ Oh, is it? Oh, was there? Oh, can they? That’s interesting.那很有趣。

What you said is very interesting.你說的很有趣。I didn’t know it.我不知道那個。Is that so? 那是這樣嗎？ Really? 真的嗎？

Fancy that!那真想不到。

That’s a very good point.那是一個很好的論點(diǎn)。I haven’t thought of that.我沒想到那個。

Yes, that’s true, as a matter of fact.是的，事實(shí)上，那是真的。

（以上可用于學(xué)生發(fā)表意見之后或講述某些事實(shí)之后，這樣說顯得師生間的交流更自然，并對下面的發(fā)言或提問起連接作用。）Why? 為什么？

In what way? 以什么方式？ How? 怎么樣？

Why do you think so? 為什么你這樣認(rèn)為？

What reasons do you have for saying that? 你說那個有什么理由？

Is there any evidence to support what you say? 有什么證據(jù)可以支持你的說法？

（以上問句應(yīng)在學(xué)生作了回答之后，或作了一些敘述之后立即提出，以便使對話進(jìn)行下去。）

Do you really think so? 你真的這樣認(rèn)為嗎？ Is that your honest opinion? 那是你的真實(shí)想法嗎？ Is that what you honestly think? 那是你真正想到的嗎？ You’re convinced of this, are you? 你確信這個，是嗎？ Don’t you think, though, that…然而，你不認(rèn)為。。。I’m not sure about that.對那個我不那么有把握。Well, that all depends, doesn’t it? 要看情況而定，是嗎？ You can’t be serious.你恐怕不夠認(rèn)真。（以上用語要使對話繼續(xù)下去。）

Has anybody else anything to say on this?關(guān)于這點(diǎn)還有別的什么要說嗎？

Have you got anything to add to what Tom said?對湯姆所講的你還有什么要補(bǔ)充的嗎？ Who agrees / disagrees with Tom / what Tom said?誰同意 / 不同意湯姆 / 湯姆所說的？ Does anybody share Tom’s opinion / views?有誰與湯姆持同樣的意見？ Bill, what do you think about this?比爾，關(guān)于這個問題，你的意見如何？

Could someone sum up what has been said?請哪位同學(xué)把剛才所說的總結(jié)一下？

Let’s just run through the arguments for and against.讓我們看一看贊同和反對的理由。

Perhaps we could come back to what Jane said earlier.或許我們可以回過頭來看看珍妮剛才所說的意思。

I’m not sure what you are getting / driving at.我不懂你的話是什么意思。Could you explain what you mean?請你解釋一下你所說的意思。Could you give me an example?請你給我舉一個例子。What exactly are you trying to say? 你究竟想說什么？ Could you come into more detail?請你詳細(xì)敘述。

Could you expand on that a little?請把那個說得詳細(xì)一點(diǎn)。

Be a little more precise.What exactly do you mean?說得稍微確切些。你究竟是什么意思？ Correct me if I’m wrong, but do you mean that…如果我錯了，請糾正。你的意思是。。Confirmation & Encouragement 肯定與鼓勵 Confirmation Good.好。Yes.對。Right.對。

Right you are.很好。Fine.非常對。Quite right.Hm-hm.Uh-huh.啊，對。

（以上僅用來認(rèn)可學(xué)生的回答是對的，并不表示這些回答很好。）That’s the way.就這樣。That’s right.對了。That’s quite right.非常對。That’s it.對的。

Yes, you’ve got it.對，你答的對。That’s correct.對了。You’ve got the idea.你懂了。

（以上僅用來認(rèn)可學(xué)生的回答是對的，并不表示這些回答很好。）

Excellent.優(yōu)秀。Magnificent.極好。Very good.很好。Terrific.非常好。That’s very good.那很好。Wow!好極了。Well done.答得好。Jolly good.特別好。Very fine.好極了。Great stuff.了不起。That’s nice.那很好。Fantastic.好極了。

I like that.我喜歡那個。

Marvelous.很精彩。

You made a very good job of that.那個你做得真不錯。（以上用于贊賞和鼓勵學(xué)生的出色回答。）Excellent work!作業(yè)優(yōu)秀！Satisfactory!令人滿意！Very well done!做得很好！Could do better.可更好些！Good stuff!真了不起！

Too many careless slips!粗心錯多！Keep it up!保持下去！Careless!粗心大意！Adequate!說得過去！

Needs to show more effort!需花氣力！Much better!較前更好！

Not up to your usual standard!不如以前！Shows some improvement!有些進(jìn)步！Great improvement!進(jìn)步很大！Disappointing!令人失望！See me about this!見我面批！

(以上是對學(xué)生筆頭作業(yè)常用的評語。)That’s perfectly correct.完全正確。

There’s nothing wrong with your answer.你的回答沒有錯。What you said was perfectly all right.你所說的完全對。You didn’t make a single mistake.你沒有一個錯。That’s exactly the point.答得很中肯。

That’s just what I was looking for.那正是我所期待的。

I couldn’t have given a better answer myself.我自己也提不出更好 的答案了。

No, that’s wrong.不，那是錯的。Not really.不會吧。

Unfortunately not.可惜不對。

I’m afraid that’s not quite right恐怕那不完全對。.You can’t say that, I’m afraid.恐怕你不能那樣說。You can’t use that word here.在這里你不能用那個詞。Good try, but not quite right.很好的嘗試，但不完全對。Could be.可能是對的。It depends.看情況而定。

It might be, I suppose.我想這可能是對的。In a way, perhaps.也許在某種程度上是對的。Sort of, yes.有幾分對。

Encouragement That’s better.那就更好了。

That’s more like it.那更接近于正確。That’s much better.那好多了。

Not quite right.Try again.不完全對，再試試看。You were almost right that time.這次差不多對了。That’s almost it.幾乎對了。

You’re half way there.差不多對了。You’re almost there.You’ve almost got it.You’re on the right lines / track.你的思路是對的。Take it easy.別著急。

There’s no need to rush / hurry.沒有必要這么急急忙忙。There’s no hurry.不必匆忙。

Go on.Have a try.繼續(xù)下去。試試看。Have a go!試一下。

Have a guess if you don’t know.假如你不知道，就猜猜吧。

Don’t worry about the spelling / pronunciation.別為拼寫 / 發(fā)音擔(dān)心。Don’t worry.It’ll improve.別擔(dān)憂，會改進(jìn)的。

Don’t be discouraged, you’ll learn by and by.不要灰心，你慢慢就會學(xué)好。Be persistent, don’t give up.要堅(jiān)持下去，不要放棄。Maybe this will help you.這對你可能有幫助。What if I give you a clue?我提示你一下怎么樣？

I’ll help you if you get stuck.假如你難住了，我會幫助你。

You have made a lot of progress.你取得了很大的進(jìn)步。

You still have some trouble with your composition.在作文方面你還有一些困難。You need some more practice with the text.你需要把這篇課文多讀幾遍。

You’ll have to spend more time practicing spoken English.你得多花些時間練習(xí)說英語。You’re getting better at it all the time.這方面你一直有進(jìn)步。You’ve improved no end.你進(jìn)步很大。

Don’t be afraid.I’ll help you.別害怕，我會幫助你。Don’t let this get you down.不要為此灰心喪氣。Don’t give up hope.不要放棄希望。

Don’t worry.I’m sure you’ll do better this time.別擔(dān)心，我確信這次你會干得好些的。That’s better than he could do.這比他干得好。

Try to look on the bright side of things.盡量從好的方面看吧。You’re doing fine.你現(xiàn)在干得不錯嘛。

Be a good sport and sing us a song.勇敢些，給我們唱只歌吧。Be a man.拿出勇氣來。

Cheer up, boy!振作起來，孩子！Come on!來吧。Go on!繼續(xù)下去。

I’m right behind you!我作你的后盾。Keep at it!別松勁！Keep it up!堅(jiān)持下去！Stick to it!Keep your chin up!別灰心！Try again!再試一下。

You can do it!你能辦到的！

I think you should keep up your courage.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣。There’s no reason to feel discouraged.沒有理由感到氣餒。

There’s nothing to feel discouraged about.沒有什么可以為之感到氣餒的。I feel you should go ahead with it.我覺得你應(yīng)該干下去。Grumbling $ Reproaching Grumbling

That wasn’t very good.這不很好。

That was rather disappointing.這有點(diǎn)令人失望。That wasn’t up to much.那沒多大意思。Come on, now!快開始??！

I’m sorry to say your answer is not very satisfactory.很抱歉，你的回答不很令人滿意。I wasn’t very satisfied with that。我對那個不很滿意。That was awful / terrible /rotten.這根本不行。

Come on, can’t you do any better than that?得了，你就不能做得更好些嗎？ You can do better than that.你能夠做得更好。

There’s room for improvement there.這里確實(shí)有改進(jìn)的余地。Try harder.好好試一試。A bit more effort.再試試看。

Pull your socks up!鼓起勁來！

Come on, wake your ideas up!來，動動腦筋。Put a bit of life into it.提起勁來。

I hope you do it better next time.我希望你下次做得好一些。From now on there will be no interrupting.從現(xiàn)在起不許插話。This is the last time I shall tell you.這是我最后一次告訴你。

Do you have to slam the door?難道你一定得把門關(guān)得那么響嗎？ I think it’s meant to be hard to understand.我想這是有意叫人難以理解。I’m afraid, it just isn’t good enough.恐怕這不太好吧。

I’m really very annoyed about your answer.我對你的回答真是很生氣。It just won’t do!這就是不行。

That really is the limit!簡直叫人忍無可忍。

That’s no excuse.這不能成為理由。

Well, this is most unsatisfactory.哼，這叫人很不滿意。I’m not in the least satisfied.我一點(diǎn)也不滿意。What a worry you are.你真叫人擔(dān)心。

Would you please not make as much noise?請你們不要這樣吵鬧行嗎？ Would you mind not spitting everywhere?不要隨地吐痰行嗎？

Wouldn’t it be a good idea to leave your exercise books tidy?讓你們的練習(xí)本保持整潔不是很好嗎？

You are excessively mischievous.你們過分頑皮了。

You’re really the typical absent-minded student.你真是典型的心不在焉的學(xué)生。It’s always the case!老是這樣！

Look here!It’s happened five or six times.喂！這已經(jīng)有五六次了。

Really!I’m fed up with your carelessness.真的！你這么粗心大意我已經(jīng)受夠了。

Really!I’ve just about had enough of that.真的！這個我簡直受夠了。

I really do object to your wasting our precious time here.我確實(shí)反對你在這兒浪費(fèi)我們寶貴的時間。

Reproaching I must be honest with you.You’re not doing very well these days.我只能對你說實(shí)話。近幾天來你學(xué)習(xí)得不好。

I wonder if you have been working hard enough.我懷疑你學(xué)習(xí)是否認(rèn)真。

If you don’t change your ways some day you’ll be sorry.如果你不改正，有一天你會后悔的。If you go on like this you will not make any progress, rather the reverse.如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你不會進(jìn)步，只會退步。

You must not betray the hope of your parents.你不應(yīng)辜負(fù)你父母親對你的希望。You must prove worthy of the hope your parents have placed on you.You must live up to the expectation of your parents.I am serious.If you don’t change your ways we shall reconsider our opinion of you.我不是開玩笑。如果你不改正，我們將對你重新考慮。

How can you do that to your studies?你怎么能那樣對待學(xué)習(xí)呢？

I don’t know how you could be as careless.我不知道你怎么可以這樣粗心大意呢？

I felt as ashamed of you.我真為你感到羞愧。

You ought to be ashamed of yourself.你應(yīng)該為自己感到羞愧。

It’s as typical of you.你老是這樣。

What a shame for you to cheat on the examination.你考試作弊真是不應(yīng)該。You can’t just do whatever you like in class.在課堂上你不能想怎樣就怎樣。You shouldn’t leave the room as you please.你不應(yīng)該隨意離開教室。You should ask for permission first.你應(yīng)該先得到許可。

You haven’t done your duty well enough.你不夠負(fù)責(zé)任。

I’m sorry to say, you’ve neglected your duty.遺憾得很，你玩忽職責(zé)。

Well, don’t forget to perform your duty next time.好吧，下次要履行自己的職責(zé)。You shouldn’t have left the classroom early.你不應(yīng)該早退。Can’t you be serious for once?你就不能嚴(yán)肅點(diǎn)嗎？ Don’t butt in!別插嘴！當(dāng)我解釋時要注意聽。

How dare you to speak to me like that!你竟敢這樣對我說話。

Now look what you’ve done in class!瞧你在課堂上到底干了什么！Who asked you?誰問你呢？

You naughty boy!你這調(diào)皮的孩子！

I wonder why you couldn’t have returned the book earlier.我真不知道你為什么不早點(diǎn)歸還這本書！

I don’t think it’s proper for you to behave so in class.我認(rèn)為你在課堂上這樣的舉動不合體統(tǒng)。Praise 表揚(yáng)

You’re working very well.你現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)很好。

Your English has improved greatly this year.今年你的英語學(xué)習(xí)大有進(jìn)步。

Your work has much improved;we are all pleased with your progress.Keep it up.你的作業(yè)很有進(jìn)步；我們對你的進(jìn)步很高興。希望保持下去。

You can express yourself in English quite freely now.你現(xiàn)在可以用英語相當(dāng)流利地表達(dá)自己的思想了。

Your compositions are much better written than ever before.你的作文比以前寫得好多了。How clever of you to answer this difficult question!你真聰明，能回答這個難題。You have good understanding / comprehension.你的理解力很強(qiáng)。You’ve interesting ideas.你的想法很有趣。You really did a good job.你的確干得很好。Nice going!干得好！

Your presentation is smashing.你的表現(xiàn)十分出色。Wonderful!好極了！

Great!I think you deserve the highest praise.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該得到最高的贊揚(yáng)。My compliments on your memory.我佩服你的記憶力。

She is good at / excellent at all subjects.She always gets an “excellent” in everything.她每門功課都好。她每門功課都得優(yōu)秀。

He passed the exam successfully.But he did not become conceited, because he knows “Pride goes before a fall”.這次考試他很順利，但他并不驕傲，因?yàn)樗馈膀溦弑財(cái)　?。Your class have done well this time.你們班級這次考得不錯。

Criticism 批評

There are too many mistakes in your homework.你的作業(yè)中錯誤太多。

You made a lot of mistakes in your written work.你的書面作業(yè)中有很多錯誤。

You should not have made such a serious mistake.你本不該犯這樣嚴(yán)重的錯誤。Your handwriting / grammar is still very poor.你的書寫/語法還是很差。

This is typical Chinese English.這是典型的中式英語。

Your composition is too messy.Besides, there are many mistakes.You must do it again.你的作文很不整潔，而且有許多錯誤，應(yīng)該重做。

You should have learned this rule by heart long ago.你早就應(yīng)該牢記這條規(guī)則了。

He did very poorly in the final exam.他期終考試考得很差。

Jane, your work has been disappointing lately.You showed signs of improvement, but you didn’t keep it up.珍妮，最近你的作業(yè)很令人失望，你有過進(jìn)步的跡象，但沒能保持下去。You did not work hard enough, Mary.瑪麗，你不夠努力。

You must strive to work harder, otherwise you won’t be able to catch up with your classmates, I am afraid.你必須加緊努力，否則我怕你會趕不上同班同學(xué)。She failed the exam, actually.實(shí)際上，她考試不及格。

She will have to take a make-up exam in English.她得補(bǔ)考英語。

The make-up exam will be given at the beginning of next term.下學(xué)期開學(xué)時舉行補(bǔ)考。Grading 評分

What did you get for dictation / composition?你聽寫 / 作文得了多少分？ What was your grade for the last test?上次測驗(yàn)?zāi)愕昧硕嗌俜郑?He got a “90” points.他得了90分。

You just managed to pass the exam.你考試剛剛及格。He failed in the mid-term exam.他期中考試不及格。What was your score? 你得了多少分？

How many points did score?你得了多少分？

Two points for every one right.每答對一題得兩分。

Add up your points.把你們的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來。

How many points have got altogether?你們總共得了多少分？ What was your final score?你們最后得分是多少？

Let’s count up the points together.讓我們把分?jǐn)?shù)加起來。It was a close finish.這是一場比分接近的比賽。

You lose a point if you answer wrong.答錯扣一分。

Prof.Smith has graded / marked essays / compositions.史密斯教授已給論文打分。He won high ratings in his exams.他考試得了高分。

He scored high marks in his examination.他考試得了高分。She won / scored a rating of 85% in English.她英語得了85分。

外籍教師常用課堂英語集錦

Glad to see you again.Hello, nice to see you here.Are you fine today? Are you happy today? How are you doing today?

How are you going today? How about you today? How do you feel today? How are you today? The weather is lovely, isn’t it? Is everybody/everyone here? Who’s absent? Who’s on duty?

Let’s begin our class.Let’s start our English lesson now.What we are going to learn is … Be quiet!Listen to me carefully.Let’s review the new words together.Please read after me.Could you follow me? One more time.Now, keep on.Go ahead!The whole class!Moving on.More exactly.Try your best.Please give out these papers, one between two.Mm, not bad.Wow!Great!You are smart.You did a good job.You guys did a good job.You guys are good students.Good job.Well done.Terrific!That’s great!Jolly!Wonderful!That’s it!Good guessing.It’s better than last time.You are so cute!You are very clever.I’m glad to hear that.You’re welcome.It doesn’t matter.Talk your…

Let’s have a talk.Have a free talk.Can you tell me … Please speak loud.Louder, please.It’s very nice to talk with you.How do you spend your weekend? How about your study recently? How about your holiday? What’s the meaning of … What do you think of … Give it a try.Who could try? Who want to have a try? Any volunteers? Take it easy.Don’t be nervous.Let’s do the exercise.Let’s discuss the problem.Answer my questions in natural English.Have any questions? Put up your hand.Please think it over.Use your head, then you find the way.Come here and face the class.Tell us your opinion.Would you like to tell us your idea? What hobbits do have, would you like to tell me? Oh, never mind.No matter.Go on.Come back to your seat, please.Did you sleep soundly last night?

Oh my!What’s up? What’s now? What are you up to? What’s going on? I’m sorry to hear that.Do you understand my meaning? Can you guess that’s the meaning of this? Do you get it ? Are you clear? Do you catch my picture?

Do you know the word’s meaning? What do you call it in English? Do you want me to tell something about… We want to do something different.Will you please join us? Act out the dialogue in pairs.Talk with your partner.Let’s play games.Please do the game with me, OK? I divide you into four groups to play games.Let’s take a break.So much for today.See you.So I must say good-bye.See you next week.Let’s call it a day.Good-bye.Have a good weekend.I hope you’ll have a good time in this weekend.May you have a good weekend.You’re dismissed.Have a super day.星沙英語網(wǎng)

第二篇：英語課堂教學(xué)用語集錦

英語課堂教學(xué)用語集錦

英語課堂教學(xué)用語集錦

一、評價學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)

That’s true.對。

You’ve done a good job.太棒了。It’s almost perfect.幾乎完美無暇。

I think your answer is very useful.你的答案很有用。What you said is meaningful.你說的很有用。Your answer is interesting.你的答案很有趣。

This question is a bit difficult, try to think about it.這個問題有點(diǎn)難，再想一想。

Don’t worry.You still have a chance.別擔(dān)心，還有機(jī)會。Don’t be shy.I’m sure you can do it.別害羞，你肯定行。Don’t be afraid.Take it easy.別害怕，放松點(diǎn)。Nearly.差不多。Not quite.不完全。Not really.不太對。

Sorry, I don’t think you are right.抱歉，我想這不太對。I’m afraid this is wrong.我恐怕它錯了。I don’t think so.我不認(rèn)為這樣。

Really? Could you talk about the story a detail? 真的嗎？你能再詳細(xì)說說嗎？

I can’t accept this point.我不能接受這觀點(diǎn)。Your answer isn’t to the point.你的觀點(diǎn)不能切中要害。I don’t agree.我部同意。

It’s much better this time.這次好多了。I agree with your point.我不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。I think so.我認(rèn)為也是如此。This is to the point.切中要害。

Well done.Congratulations.太好了。祝賀你。

二、表達(dá)“正確”的短句

Right.Very good.That’s it.Great.A good job.Excellent.Terrific.Exactly.Absolutely right.決對正確。

Completely correct.Sound good.不錯。That’s correct.正確。You did good.很棒。That’s funny.真有趣。Good idea.好想法。

You’re great.We should clap for you.棒極了，我們應(yīng)該為你鼓掌。Don’t give up.Try your best.別放棄，盡你的全力。You did a good job.I admire you for your works.我十分佩服你說的話。

Don’t be afraid.Show your confidence.別害怕，拿出你的勇氣。Be confident.自信些。

Don’t lose heart.You can try it again.別灰心，你可再試一次。Think carefully.Don’t leave it to chance.仔細(xì)想想不要碰運(yùn)氣。Your answer makes me think another point.你的答案讓我想起了另一點(diǎn)。

Great.Who first think of this idea？ 好，誰先想到這個主意的

三、組織課堂教學(xué) Hello, boys and girls!Is everybody here? What’s the matter / wrong with Li Ming? 怎么回事？ Could tell me why / what is the matter? Be quiet, students.Now I’m going to call the roll.請安靜，開始點(diǎn)名了。

What day is it today? 今天星期幾。What’s the date today? 今天幾月幾號？

How is the weather today?/ What’s the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣？

What month is it? 幾月份？ Who is on duty today? 今天誰值日。

That’s right.I remember now.對了，我記起來了。

You look worried.What’s wrong? 你看起來很著急，怎么回事？ Excuse me, Mr.Zhang.Could I be excused for a while? May I ask for leave? 對不起，張老師，我出去一下好嗎？

How is the weather today? How about the weather today？ 今天天氣怎樣？

Keep silent, I have some good news to tell you.請安靜，有好消息。Whose turn is it to clean the blackboard? 輪到誰擦黑板了？ Can you see the blackboard clearly? If not, come up to the front.你們能看清黑板嗎？如果不能，向前來一點(diǎn)。

四、語言項(xiàng)目教學(xué) Class begins.Now please open your books and turn to Page 43.Let’s go over what we learned last lesson.Well, look at the dialogue, and let’s practise it once again, shall we?

首先，讓我們復(fù)習(xí)一下我們上節(jié)所學(xué)內(nèi)容，好，看這個對話，讓我們再練習(xí)一遍。

Have finished the exercises which I gave you last time? How about revising them again, OK? 在復(fù)習(xí)一遍，好嗎？ How about another practise on this point?All right? 對于這一要點(diǎn)，我們在復(fù)習(xí)一遍，好嗎？

Now I want some students to retell the story that we learned.Are you ready? Revision is very useful for learning English, So you shouldn’t think it’s boring.復(fù)習(xí)對學(xué)英語十分有用，所以不要厭煩。

Now this is about what we learned last lesson.Are you clear? 這是我們上節(jié)課所學(xué)內(nèi)容，清楚了嗎？ I’ll check your homework.Answer these questions according to the last lesson.根據(jù)上節(jié)內(nèi)容回答我的問題。

Listen to the dialogue once more and complete these exercises.再聽一遍并完成這些練習(xí)。

Who can talk about the story in your own words? 誰能用自己的話談?wù)撘幌逻@個故事。

Who can recite the text? Hands up, please.Let’s check the answers together.讓我們對一下答案。

To let me see if you’ve understood, I’ll ask some questions on this passage.讓我看看你們是否已掌握，就這段文章，我要提幾個問題。Now I want you to turn to Page 23.What can you see in the picture? What can we know from the picture? Can you say something about the picture? Who can describe the details of the pictures? Say a few words about the pictures.Sum up the picture in a few words.用幾句話對這幅畫進(jìn)行概括。Tell us a story with the picture.Now this is something new, Ready to listen.注意聽了，下面是一些新內(nèi)容。

Now listen to me carefully.Make up sentences about the picture.First listen.Then I’ll say it again.What I’ll tell you are the important points today.這是我今天要講述的重點(diǎn)。

Keep to the points.要抓要害。

Read after me, OK? Repeat!All together.Speak louder, please.Quicker, please.Softer, please.Listen to the tape again, pay attention to the new words.Now we shall do some pair work.Practise this part by yourself.Practise in pairs.First you may use the look-speak method.分組練習(xí)首先你們可以使用look-speak的方法。

Now watch me.I’ll do an example,then you will try to make up dialogues in paies.注意看，我要給大家做一個示范，然后你們自己分組練習(xí)。

Which group would like to act out this dialogue? 哪一組愿意表演這段對話？

Who can act this role? Any volunteers? 誰愿意擔(dān)任這個角色？有自愿者嗎？

Who’d like to have a try? Hands up, please.Don’t be shy.Try to retell the key points without books.別害羞，脫開書本，試著復(fù)述出這些要點(diǎn)。

五、對話課教學(xué)

First work in groups to talk about the topic of this dialogue.Look at the picture at the top of this page, please tell me what happened in the picture? Books closed.Listen to the dialogue for the first time and try to fin out: When and where did the conversation take place? I’ll give you five minutes to read the dialogue loud.How many people were mentioned in the dialogue? Now listen to the dialogue once again, then we will practice the roles.Good.Listen again This time you should repeat after the tape.All right.please practise the dialogue in pairs.Which group would like to act out the dialogue? I’d like to call some pairs to practise the dialogue.Who wants to be Nancy? / Who would like to play Mary? Would you like to be Jack? / Would you like to act Jack? / Would you like to act the part of Jack? The rest of you are the audience, OK? Let’s have a look.Jim and Bob are acting out the dialogue.Please make up a similar conversation with these notes.When you practise the dialogue with others , be sure to use your own words as much as possible.I’ll give you some advice.If you want to speak English very well, you must seize every chance to speak and talk in English in and out of class.給大家提點(diǎn)建議，如果想說好英語，你必須抓住任何一個練習(xí)的機(jī)會，并堅(jiān)持課內(nèi)、課外用英語交談。

六、語法教學(xué)

Today we are going to learn an important grammar point.Notice this sentence , what tense should be used here? 注意這個句子，用到了什么時態(tài)？

Here we should use the Present Tense.這里我們用到了一般現(xiàn)在時 Who knows the Past Tense and the Past Participle form of this verb? 誰知道一般過去時和這個動詞的過去分詞？

We should remember the three principe parts of these irregular verbs by heart.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)用心記住這些不規(guī)則動詞的三種形式。

Write down the forms of these verbs and keep them in mind.Do you know the form of this tense? 你知道這個時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)嗎？ Notice the subject.Here , we should use the Passive Voice instead of Active Voice.注意句子的主語，這里我們應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)來代替主動語態(tài)。Now, change these sentences into Indirect Speech.現(xiàn)在把這些句子變成間接引語。

Can you change this sentence into the Passive Voice? When we change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, we should pay attention to the changes of the tense, the persons, adverbials of time and place.What part of speech is it? 它是什么詞類？

Notice this word, it is a proper noun, so no article is needed.注意這個單詞，它是一個物質(zhì)名詞，不用冠詞。

This is an abstract noun, but it is used as a common noun here.這是一個抽象名詞，在這里用做普通名詞。

Is the article in this sentence used correctly? Who can correct the mistake? What article should be used here , “a” or “an”?

This noun is used in a general sense, we must put the indefinite article “a” before it.Could you tell me the plural form of this word? Generally, we should replace nouns with pronouns here.一般說來，這里我們用代詞來代名詞。

Is this word a countable noun or an uncountable noun?

七、閱讀課教學(xué)

Today we are going to learn a new text.I’d like to look at the picture on the right.Who can describe it? What can you learn from the picture? What you describe fits the content of the text.你所描述的非常符合文章的內(nèi)容。Read the text quickly and think about the questions: Why / Where / When / How did the story happen? Don’t worry about the new words, Just try to guess their meanings.Read the text again more slowly and try to answer the comprehension questions.I’ll explain some important language points.Please take out your notebooks and get ready to make notes.我要解釋一些語法點(diǎn)，拿出你的筆記本準(zhǔn)備做筆記。What does this part / this paragraph describe? What’s the main idea of this passage?

Fill in the following form according to the text.Correct these mistakes in the sentences according to the text.Please read this part carefully and find the topic sentence.請仔細(xì)地朗讀這一部分，找出主題句。

Notice the topic sentence is usually the first or the last sentence of a paragraph.注意主題句經(jīng)常是一個自然段的第一句或最后一句。Using the information, retell this part.Here are two similar words.Let’s find the differences between them.這里有兩個相似的單詞，請找出他們的不同來。

Now open your workbook and complete Exercise One.For the rest of time, please ask and answer the questions with your desk mates about the text.用剩余的時間，同桌間就課文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行相互問答。

Listen to the tape carefully.Pay attention to pronunciation, phrasing and intonation.仔細(xì)聽錄音，注意語音，語調(diào)和措辭。

八、單詞教學(xué)

1.Read through these words yourself, according to the phonetic symbols（音標(biāo)）.2.Who will volunteer to pronounce these words for us? 誰愿意為我們讀出這些單詞？

3.Listen to the tape and then try it yourself.聽錄音然后自己讀。4.There’s a mistake in your pronunciation.Notice where the stress(重音)is.5.Listen to me carefully and read it like this.6.Don’t be shy.Just open your mouth widely.7.Speak loud and repeat.8.Now watch my mouth, please watch and do the same.9.Notice how my tongue touches my teeth.注意我的舌頭是怎么摩擦牙齒的。

10.Read the word clearly and don’t swallow a syllable.把單詞讀清晰，不要吞掉音節(jié)。

11.To read the word, we must roll our tongues（卷起舌頭）.12.How many syllables(音節(jié))are there in the word? 13.Try to remember the meaning of this word.14.We can get a new word if we add a suffix(加一個后綴)after it.15.Can you tell me any synonyms(同義詞)of this word? 16.What’s another way of saying exam? 17.Can you spell this word? 18.Let me see if there is anything wrong with your spelling.19.The letter “r” is missing.20.Place a letter “s” before this word.在這個單詞前加字母s.21.Cross out this letter.Cross off the extra letter “n”.去掉多余的字母n.22.Letter “L” should be capitalized(大寫).23.Begin / Spell the word with the small letters.記下這個單詞以小寫字母開頭。

24.Write these letters together.把這些字母寫到一起。

25.Read out the words correctly.Don’t add any extra syllable.正確地讀出這些詞，不要多加任何音節(jié)。

26.With the root of this word, take a guess.What is the meaning of this word? 根據(jù)詞根猜一猜這個單詞的意思是什么？

27.What’s another word for the same meaning? 也表達(dá)同樣意義的另一個詞 是什么？

28.What is meant by that word? 那個詞作什么解釋？

九、聽力教學(xué)

1.Today, we’ll have a listening practice.You’ll have a conversation between a driver and a passenger.2.Have you finished? Well, I’ll start the tape.3.OK, listen for the first time and finish Exercise One.4.Listen and catch the key sentence.5.Let’s check the answers.First, you can check your answers with desk mate.6.Is there anyone who got full marks? 7.Read your answers aloud, OK? 8.Be careful, I’ll give you the correct answers.9.This conversation is to give you practice in listening for the central idea.10.Listen and pick out the new words.11.Listen carefully and try to catch every sentence.12.Listen and repeat.After that retell the story in your own words.13.Listen to the tape to get a general idea, then write down the information below.14.While listening, you must keep calm.15.When you do listening in the exam, you must first look through all the questions as quickly as possible and try to guess what the passage is about.16.Before listening, think of some possible answers to these questions.17.Listen and catch the key sentence.18.Listen and write down the key points by heart.十、寫作教學(xué)

1.Today we are going to write a passage on the new High Dam at Aswan.2.Before writing, let’s have a discussion.What subject do you think we should write about in the passage? 3.Let’s have an oral practice first.Work in groups to talk about the topic.4.Read the two notices “Found and Lost”.Learn to write similar notices like them.5.Using these guiding words, write a composition of about 100 words.6.Before you start to write, could you tell me what you are going to write? 7.Before writing, you can make a draft(打草稿)first, then copy it on your exercise-books.8.Work in groups of four.You have read the story of the great written.Now, each of you will write a part of the story.The titles of the four parts are as follows.9.Today we are going to learn how to write expository essays.Write a description of your province.First collect some key information and make a list.今天我們學(xué)如何寫說明文，寫一篇關(guān)于我省的介紹文章，首先收集一些關(guān)鍵信息，并列舉下來。

10.Write a summary of the story about Bob Geldof.It must cover the following points.11.Don’t forget to put in proper punctuation(標(biāo)點(diǎn)).十一、試卷及練習(xí)解析

1.This lesson, I’ll explain the test.Li Ming, please return the papers to the students.2.Let’s go through these exercises together.3.Look at Exercise One.Let’s check the answers.4.What’s the best answer to Exercise One? 5.Let’s go to the next exercise.They are a bit difficult.6.Make your own.Give yourself one point for every correct answer, and take off a point for every wrong answer.7.Look at the first blank.Which word should be filled in? 8.Lily, could you tell us the correct answer？

9.Look at Number Three.Could you explain why you like this / why you gave such an answer? 10.Do you have any questions to ask? 11.These exercises are common, but very important.So we need to remember them carefully.12.Wen Jing, what’s your opinion of it?

13.Take notes about the exercises which you got wrong and I’ll ask you to see if you got them during the next lesson.做錯的要記下來，下節(jié)課我要提問看你們是否掌握。

14.Now count up your points and write down your score at the top of the paper.15.Is there anyone who got full marks? Who got only one mark? 16.Focus on(注意)Exercise Three.It is a bit difficult.17.According to the content(根據(jù)上下文), which word should be used? 18.We shouldn’t only know How, we should know Why.21.Can you tell me the antonym(反義詞)of this word? 22.Something important, we form the noun operation by adding the suffix – tion after operate.詞尾加后綴-tion 可得一名詞operation.23.This word is a derivative.Can you point out its root? 這是個派生詞，你能指出它的詞根嗎？

24.What does this word mean when the prefix（前綴）is added? 25.When we make sentences, notice that the predicate verb must agree with its subject in person and number.當(dāng)我們遣詞造句時，要留心謂語動詞一定要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語 一致。26.This word is a transitive verb.We can use a noun or noun phrase as its direct object.這是一個及物動詞，我們可以用名詞或名詞性短語直接作其賓語。27.This word is an intransitive verb when it needs an object, don’t forget to put a preposition after it.這是個不及物動詞，當(dāng)它后跟賓語時不要忘了加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

28.Notice, need here is the model verb.It takes an infinitive without to.注意need在此是情態(tài)動詞，后跟不帶to的不定式。29.Can you tell the differences between with and by? 你知道介詞with 和by之見的不同點(diǎn)嗎？

30.What do you know about this preposition? 對這個介詞，你了解有多少？

31.Notice the two sentences.Between them, we should add a conjunction.當(dāng)心這兩句話，它們之間應(yīng)加一個連詞。

32.With some proper conjunctions combine these short sentences together.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，把這些短句連在一起。

33.Pay attention to the word order of this sentences together.Can you correct the mistake? 注意這句話的語氣，你能糾正這個錯誤嗎？

34.Generally, adverbs of time and place should be put at the end of a sentence.一般來說，時間和地點(diǎn)狀語常放在句末。

35.Can you tell me the comparative form and the superlative form of this word? 你能給出這個詞的比較級和最高級嗎？

36.I want you to change the affirmative sentences(肯定句)into an interrogative sentences(否定句).37.There are three forms of the sentences affirmative, interrogative, and negative.句子有三種形式：肯定句、否定句和疑問句。

38.This is an objective clause.Notice the word order.這是一個賓語 從句，注意語序。39.Do you know the present forms(現(xiàn)在式)of this word? 40.Give out the plural form of the nouns.給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。41.We can use proper pronouns to replace nouns for short.為簡便，我們可以用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~來替代名詞。

42.As we know, news is an uncountable noun(不可數(shù)名詞)，but tell me what about advice, suggestion and information.42 It was much better.Let’s do it once more.43 Imagine that you were Matilde, what would you say? 44 With these key words try to retell the story.45 If the case happened to you, what else could you say? 如果這種情況發(fā)生在 你身上，你還會怎么說呢？

Hold a discussion about the story, let’s see whose idea is the best.讓我們討論一下，看看誰的想法最好？

Pay attention to these complex sentences.I’ll explain them again.注意這些復(fù)雜的句子，我要在講解一遍。

Now, you will have ten minutes.Please write a short passage on this topic.Following what we learned, complete these exercises.根據(jù)我們所學(xué)的知識，完成這些練習(xí)。

Last lesson, we learned some important language points.Now I’d like to see how much you can remember.I’d like some students to retell the story with these key words.I’ll divide the class into groups of four to discuss the problem.You’ll have a few moments to prepare your speech, so you can make a draft first.你們將會有一會兒時間來準(zhǔn)備你們的發(fā)言，可以先打個草稿。

Go through Exercise 3.If you have any questions, please raise your hand.Now I’ll call out several pairs to ask and answer in front of the class.Please complete the dialogue in your words.According to this paragraph, ask as many questions as you can.Make up a dialogue, using the following as a guide.Be careful, this is something different.十二、聽寫訓(xùn)練

1.Books closed.Please take out a pen and a piece of paper.Now we’ll take a dictation.2.Are you ready? I’ll start to read.3.First, listen carefully and I’ll read it through.4.Pay attention to your handwriting.Notice the capital letters and the small letters.5.Include the proper punctuation(標(biāo)點(diǎn)).6.Notice your speed of dictation.7.If you meet some new words, don’t mention them, go on dictating.8.Try to catch the main idea of the dictation.That way, you can finish it much more easily.9.Now I’ll read it for the last time.Go through your dictation.10.Who’d like to read the dictation?

十三、解釋標(biāo)點(diǎn) 1.After this sentence, what mark should be put here? 2.Put the proper punctuation in the sentence.3.Don’t forget to put an exclamation(感嘆號)mark at the send of the sentence.4.Is the punctuation used in this sentence correctly? 5.There is no need to put in punctuation.So, we should cross out the comma.十四、教學(xué)設(shè)備運(yùn)用

1.I’ll push the blackboard up a bit so that all of us can see it.2.The board is a bit high.Pull it down lower gently.3.Meimei, could you please go and fetch my teaching pictures? They are on my desk.Let us, teachers and students, speak beautiful and fluent English!JKL

第三篇：英語課堂教學(xué)用語[推薦]

Beginning a class（開始上課）

1.Let's start class.= It's time for class.上課

2.Hello, boys and girls / children.同學(xué)們好

3.Good morning /afternoon, boys and girls / teacher.同學(xué)們/老師們，早晨好/下午好。

4.Stand up / Sit down, please.起立/請坐。

5.Who is on duty today? 今天誰值日？

6.Is everyone / everybody here /present? 大家都出席了嗎？

7.Is anyone/anybody absent? 有人缺席嗎？

8.Who's absent? 誰沒來？

9.Let's begin our class.咱們上課吧。

10.We'll start / begin a new lesson today.今天我們講學(xué)習(xí)新課。

11.What day is it today? 今天星期幾？

12.What's the weather like today? 今天的天氣怎么樣？

In Class（課堂上）

13.Let's begin a new lesson。.們開始學(xué)新課。

14.We'll learn something new.我們講學(xué)新知識。15.Let's learn some new words/ sentences.咱們學(xué)些新單詞/句子

16.Let's review what we learned yesterday.咱們復(fù)習(xí)一下昨天學(xué)過的內(nèi)容。

17.Ready? Are you ready? 準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？

18.Start.開始

19.All together.大家一起來。

20.Read all together now.大家一起讀。

21.Sit down，please.請坐端正。

22.Stop talking.don't talk.不許說話。

23.Be quiet, please.請安靜。

24.Look at my mouth, please.請看我的口型。

25.Quickly, /be quick, please.請迅速點(diǎn)。

26.Hurry.Hurry up, please.= Please a little faster.請快點(diǎn)。

27.Do you understand? = Do you follow me? 聽懂了嗎？

28.Can you follow me? 你能聽懂我的話嗎？

29.Is that clear? 聽清楚了嗎？

30.Listen, please.請聽。

31.Please listen to me.請注意聽我說。32.Please listen to the tape recorder/ to the recording.請聽錄音。

33.Listen carefully, please.請仔細(xì)聽。

34.Look carefully.仔細(xì)看。

35.Please look at the blackboard/picture/ slide.請看黑板/幻燈片。

36.Please answer my questions.請回答我的問題。

37.Can you spell the word...? 你能拼讀這個單詞嗎？

38.Spell the word..., please.請拼讀這個單詞。

39.Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.注意你的拼寫/發(fā)音。

40.Say after me, please.請跟我說。

41.Read after me, please.請跟我讀。

42.Try to keep up with me, please.請跟我學(xué)。

43.Please say it again.請?jiān)僬f一遍。

44.Please repeat/ Once more, please/ again please.請?jiān)僮饕淮巍?/p>

45.Who's going to...? 誰準(zhǔn)備……？

46.Who wants to...? 誰想要……？

47.Please come to the front.請到前面來。

48.In pairs, please.請兩人一組練習(xí)。

49.Practice in groups, please/ In groups , please.請按小組練習(xí)

50.Any volunteers? 有誰自愿做這件事嗎？

51.Let's do it.One by one，please.請一個接一個地做。

52.Now you, please.= Would you, please? = It's your turn now!= you want to try? 請你來

53.Next, please.請下一個。

54.Now（you）do the same.現(xiàn)在你做同一個。

55.Put up your hands, please./ raise your hands, please.請舉手。

56.Put down your hands, please./ Hands down, please.請放下手。

57.Put it/ them into Chinese/English.把它們譯成漢語/英語。

58.In English, please.請用英語。

59.What's this in English/ Chinese? 這個用英語/漢語怎么說？

60.Please take out your books.請拿出你們的書。

61.Please open your books to page.請打開書，翻到46頁。

62.Turn to page4.翻到第4頁。

63.Close your books，please.請把書和上。

64.Who can pronounce this correctly? 誰能發(fā)這個音？

65.Please say this letter/ word/ sentence to the class.請讀出這個字母/單詞/句

子。

66.How do you read this sound / letter/ word? 你怎么讀這個字母/單詞的音？

67.Pardon? I can't hear you clearly.Louder, please。請?jiān)?。我沒能聽清你的話請大點(diǎn)聲。

68.Please to back to your seat.請回到你的座位上去。

69.Who can help him/her? 誰能幫助他？

70.Will you please help me? 請你幫助我好嗎？

71.Can you try? / Try, please/do you want to try it? =Think it over and try another Answer.= Think it over and then give me your answer。你能試一下嗎？請?jiān)僭囈幌?/p>

72.Don't be afraid.別害怕。

73.Don't be shy.別害羞。

74.Think it over and try again.仔細(xì)想一下，再試。

75.Try your best./ Do your best.盡力/盡你最大努力。

76.Let's have a dictation.咱們聽寫吧。

77.Is this right or wrong? / Is this correct? 這個是對還是錯？這個正確嗎？

78.Is it easy/ difficult? 它容易/難嗎？

79.Stop here./ Now stop.到此為止。

80.Go on, please.請繼續(xù)。

81.Let's sing an English song.咱們產(chǎn)一首英文歌。

82.Let's act./Let's act the dialogue.= Who would like to act out the dialogue? 然咱們表演/表演對話。

83.Who wants to be A? 誰想演A？

84.Now tom will be A and I will be B.現(xiàn)在湯姆演A，我演B。

85.It's your turn.輪到你了。

86.Whose turn is it? 該輪到誰了？

87.Wait your turn, please.請等等，就輪到你了。

88.Stand in line.站成一排。

89.Please get your things ready.請把你的東西準(zhǔn)備好。

90.Please put away your things.請把你的東西收拾好。

91.Practice the dialogue, please.請練習(xí)這個對話。

92.Ask each other questions.互相問問題。

93.Think it over.仔細(xì)想。

94.This half of the class will be/read/act/play A and the other half will be B.班級這一半扮演A，另一半扮演B。

COMMENTING（評論）

95.good.Thank you.好的，謝謝。

96, Right/ That's right.對

97.OK/ That's OK.對

98.Good./ very good.好/非常好。

99.That's wrong.錯了。

100.Excellent./ Great./ Well done.優(yōu)秀/太好了/做得好。

101.You've done well.你做得很好。

102.I'm sure you'll be even better next lesson/ next time.我相信下節(jié)課/下次你會做得更好。

EXERCISES AND HOMEWORK.（練習(xí)和作業(yè)）

103.we'll do Exercises 1 and 2.我們將做練習(xí)一和練習(xí)二。

104.For today's homework.say Hello to each other.今天的作業(yè).互相說：Hello。

105.Do it orally before write it out.在寫之前作口頭練習(xí)。

106.Write down the word twice.把這個單詞抄寫兩遍。

107.Do your best.（I 'll do everything I can.）盡最大努力寫好。

108.Try your best.盡最大努力。=I will do everything I can.109.Remember/Memorize these words.用心學(xué)好這些單詞。

110.Next time we'll have a dictation/ spelling test.我們下次將舉行聽寫/拼寫測

驗(yàn)。

DISMISSING TEH CLASS（下課）

111.Please hand in your workbooks.請把你的作業(yè)交上來。

112.The bell is ringing.鈴聲響了。

113.There goes the bell.鈴聲響了

114.Class is over.下課了。

115.Time is up.Let's stop here.時間到了，就到這吧。

116.That's all for today.今天就到這。

117.Come to / Ask me if you have questions.如果你有問題，就來問我。

118.Goodbye./ Bye, See you next time.再見/下次見。

USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS IN TEACHING（一般教學(xué)用語）

119.Aim of education教育目的

120.teaching plan（s）教學(xué)計(jì)劃

121.teaching principles教學(xué)原則

122.syllabus 教學(xué)大綱

123.classroom teaching 課堂教學(xué)

124.on-site teaching 現(xiàn)場教學(xué)

125.open class/ demonstration class 公開課/觀摩課教學(xué)

126.A teaching summary 教學(xué)小結(jié)

127.to help the student make up the lessons補(bǔ)課

128.Teaching notes 教案

129.Teaching aim and requirements/objectives 教學(xué)目的和要求

130.Key teaching points/ focal points 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)

131.Difficult points 難點(diǎn)

132.General review 總復(fù)習(xí)

133.Answer key 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

134.to sit in on each other's class./to visit each other's class 互相聽課

135.To prepare lessons 備課

136.to prepare lessons together 集體備課

137.to go over exam papers評閱試卷

138.test/ quiz小測驗(yàn)

139.mid-term exam期中考試

140.Final exam/term exam 期末考試

141.Oral exam=spoken test.口試

142.Written exam筆試

143.Makeup exam/ supplementary exam補(bǔ)考

144.grade分?jǐn)?shù)

145.excellent優(yōu)秀

146.good良

147.average中

148.fail劣

149.English Contest 英語競賽

150.above average = good 良 fail = poor 劣

LANGUAGE DIFFICULITIES 處理交際中的語言障礙

151.Pardon.152.Please say that again.153.Please say that more slowly.154.What do you mean by...?

155.I'm sorry I can't follow you.156.I'm sorry I only know a little English.157.Pardon me？！

第四篇：英語課堂教學(xué)用語

小學(xué)英語教學(xué)法匯總

1、直觀教學(xué)法

在教學(xué)時，有些教學(xué)材料貼近于生活，能充分反映小學(xué)生的日常生活，所以教師應(yīng)該有效地利用資源，如運(yùn)用實(shí)物或圖片、教具等進(jìn)行演示，使學(xué)生頭腦中形成比較鮮明的事物表象，豐富學(xué)生的感性認(rèn)識，這樣不僅能激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，還能使他們將所學(xué)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)用到他們的生活中去。如在學(xué)習(xí)book , pencil 等學(xué)習(xí)用品和apple , orange 等水果時，就可以利用水果實(shí)物或圖片進(jìn)行教學(xué)，使抽象的單詞直觀化，使英語的學(xué)習(xí)過程更具趣味性。

2、情境教學(xué)法

情景是教師創(chuàng)設(shè)或模擬的生活場景，應(yīng)具有真實(shí)、生動、實(shí)用的特點(diǎn)，便于學(xué)生將所學(xué)語言材料進(jìn)行綜合、創(chuàng)造性地進(jìn)行表達(dá)交流。這種練習(xí)方法，有接近生活的交際功能，而且能變單調(diào)、機(jī)械的句型操練為活潑、生動的交際性練習(xí)。

情境能使抽象的語言具體化、形象化，在生動、形象的情景中學(xué)習(xí)英語，能使英語課堂教學(xué)趣味化、形象化。如學(xué)習(xí)“May I come in?”這個句子時，可以先請學(xué)生注意看和聽：教師走出教室，在教室門上敲幾下，并注視全班學(xué)生，用請求的語氣和想進(jìn)來的手勢說：“May I come in?”這時學(xué)生都睜大了眼睛，全神貫注地聽“老師在說什么呢?”教師可趁勢再重復(fù)兩遍，這樣學(xué)生就自然而然地聽懂了句子的意思，并且能把聽到的句子“May I come in?”流利地說出。在這種情境下學(xué)會的句子，記憶牢固且能學(xué)以致用，如進(jìn)老師辦公室，就會自然使用“May I come in?”

3、模仿練習(xí)法

英語學(xué)習(xí)需要學(xué)生的模仿練習(xí)，因?yàn)橛⒄Z的語音、語調(diào)及書寫必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。為此，教師在范讀字母、單詞或句子之前，應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生聽老師的讀音，看老師的口形，進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的模仿練習(xí)。引領(lǐng)學(xué)生反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，鼓勵學(xué)生大膽張口。

4、兒歌說唱法

對于中低年級的學(xué)生，我們可以根據(jù)其特點(diǎn)，將學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容編成一些順口易記的歌訣，如：丁丁、丁丁真能干，學(xué)習(xí)思考用head，小小eye看黑板，豎起ear認(rèn)真聽，mouth、mouth長得巧，講起英語都說好，nose、nose嗅覺靈，foot、foot踢足球，arm、arm來舉重，長長leg跳繩快，雖然比賽傷了toe，領(lǐng)獎face樂開了花，全班拍著hand，夸他為班爭了光。學(xué)生在背歌訣時，腦、口、耳并用，還可以配以肢體表演，這樣的英語學(xué)習(xí)是愉快的，調(diào)動了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性，讓學(xué)生在輕松愉悅的氣氛中學(xué)習(xí)，使他們感到學(xué)習(xí)不再是一種負(fù)擔(dān)，而是一種樂趣。

教學(xué)有法，教無定法，貴在得法。我覺得小學(xué)生學(xué)英語就像學(xué)游泳一樣，必須讓學(xué)生泡在水中、潛到水里去，這樣他最后才能成為一個熟練的游泳者，自在游泳樂在其中。因此，英語教師應(yīng)激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，給學(xué)生盡量多地創(chuàng)造聽、說、練的機(jī)會，讓學(xué)生在動中學(xué)，學(xué)中樂，使之獲得語言知識技能，真正達(dá)到輕松學(xué)英語、輕松用英語的目的。

5、表演法

如在“In the morning”這一單元后，我們的表演要求就是：把一天從早晨醒來到上學(xué)這一階段的生活用英語表演出來。每個小組四名同學(xué)，分別扮演爸爸、媽媽、Jimmy、Betty，為了表現(xiàn)的逼真，學(xué)生們帶來了牙刷、口杯、梳子、鬧鐘、牛奶、面包和雞蛋等道具，甚至還有媽媽用的圍裙。當(dāng)演出開始時，隨著鬧鐘音樂的響起，同學(xué)們開始了精彩的表演。除了新學(xué)的單詞：起床、刷牙、洗臉、梳頭、吃早點(diǎn)、去上學(xué)，他們主動地選用了課文中的歌曲來伴奏。這樣使得整個課堂氣氛十分活潑。在劇中，每個同學(xué)的對話雖然不多，但每個人都意識到自己正在使用剛學(xué)到的知識，并扮演著一定的角色，所以都很認(rèn)真的對待演出。而且，在演出后他們也很有成就感。而沒有走上臺的同學(xué)也被帶動，紛紛舉手表示下次要演。

6、競賽法

青少年活潑、好強(qiáng)、好表現(xiàn)，教師應(yīng)充分利用學(xué)生這一特點(diǎn)，努力在英語課堂上為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造說和做的機(jī)會，使他們處于學(xué)習(xí)的主人地位。把競爭機(jī)制引入課堂，把游戲搬進(jìn)課堂，不僅拉近了師生間的距離，而且能使學(xué)生整個身心處于積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)。詞匯教學(xué)中常用的游戲方法有“找朋友”，“猜測游戲”、“單詞接龍”等;競賽的形式也有多種，如“看誰舉例多”、“看誰最快完成”等等。游戲、競賽可用于詞匯教學(xué)的各個環(huán)節(jié)，前面所介紹的幾種教法中也可將游戲或競賽滲透其中，但教師要注意合理控制時間，且要避免只追求趣味而忽略效果。

7、講授法

英語并不像我們的母語──漢語那樣從小就開始學(xué)說、理解和運(yùn)用。而英語對于我們小學(xué)生來說就顯得特別難學(xué)。所以，教師進(jìn)行一定的講解，講述和講讀是十分有效的。但是，講授法并不是照本宣科，單板、生硬地向?qū)W生灌輸，而是講授要有一定的啟發(fā)性，更要穿插一些其他的教法與之結(jié)合起來。

8、演示法

演示可以使學(xué)生獲得豐富的感性材料，加深對事物的印象，特別是教學(xué)一些字母、單詞時，利用實(shí)物、圖片、表情動作等創(chuàng)設(shè)大量的視覺情景，對兒童反復(fù)進(jìn)行大量的可理解性語言輸入，進(jìn)行反復(fù)多遍的聽說活動。豐富學(xué)生的感性認(rèn)識，增強(qiáng)演示效果，而盡可能快的使學(xué)生的認(rèn)識上升到理性階段，形成理性階段，形成概念，掌握事物的本質(zhì)。例如：在學(xué)習(xí)字母時要充分利用卡片;在新授單詞的時候可以用實(shí)物來演示，例如“pen”“bag”“book”等。在新授的Is it a...”時，可以直接利用學(xué)生手中的實(shí)物來進(jìn)行對話，并且鼓勵每一個孩子積極參

加到學(xué)習(xí)中去，要以滿腔的熱情去對待每一個孩子，對他們學(xué)習(xí)中的每一個進(jìn)步及時給予肯定、表揚(yáng)、獎勵等，讓所有的學(xué)生在對自身學(xué)習(xí)的滿足中提高學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。

9、交際教學(xué)法

是根據(jù)意念項(xiàng)目和交際功能發(fā)展學(xué)生交際能力的系統(tǒng)教法。其目的是為了讓學(xué)生能夠運(yùn)用言語進(jìn)行交流，重要的是使學(xué)生能夠考慮到進(jìn)行相互交流的人們的作用和地位，考慮到所涉及的題目和情景，從而能恰如其分地運(yùn)用語言。

10、自然法教學(xué)：這種方法允許學(xué)生根據(jù)自己對已學(xué)知識的熟練程度來參加活動。

11、暗示法：旨在快速培養(yǎng)學(xué)生之高級翻譯 和會話能力。

12、游戲教學(xué)法：用游戲形式復(fù)習(xí)單詞、句型，練習(xí)新語言點(diǎn)，使學(xué)生寓學(xué)于樂，在活潑、輕忪、愉快的氣氛中自然而然地獲得英語知識與技能。游戲要求簡短易行，有趣味，而且要與本課教學(xué)內(nèi)容緊密相關(guān)。

13、三位一體教學(xué)法

是根據(jù)字母、音素、音標(biāo)三者的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系業(yè)務(wù)和交叉關(guān)系將三者融為一體進(jìn)行教學(xué)的方法。

14、活動教學(xué)法

就是按照學(xué)生身心發(fā)展過程中的不同階段來設(shè)計(jì)、布置情境，提供材料，讓學(xué)生積極參與自由操作、觀察思考。通過活動讓學(xué)生自己認(rèn)識事物、發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，得出答案，發(fā)掘?qū)W生潛能。

15、全身反應(yīng)法

調(diào)動學(xué)生的感覺器官，讓學(xué)生通過全身各個部位的不同動作達(dá)到記憶的目的。在低年級英語教學(xué)中，用具體形象的手勢、動作來輔助英語學(xué)習(xí)，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣，提高學(xué)習(xí)效果。

16、多媒體輔助教學(xué)法

教師還可以利用插圖來創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神。插圖是語言的形象再現(xiàn)，語言是插圖的理性表述。例如，在練習(xí)句型What is it like?時，教師可以出示一幅圖，圖中有兩個小朋友在對話，其中一個手里拿著一支長的、藍(lán)色的鉛筆。請學(xué)生根據(jù)圖畫的內(nèi)容編一段對話。學(xué)生會運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的知識，編成各種對話。反之，也可以讓學(xué)生根據(jù)一段對話或小短文來畫畫。借用電教媒體創(chuàng)造生活情景也符合小學(xué)生具體形象思維的特點(diǎn)，能引起學(xué)生的無意識注意，避免大腦皮層的疲勞，從而使他們輕松愉快地投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去。在講“早餐”一課時，我為學(xué)生們選了迪斯尼英語中的片段，由于是動畫，孩子們看得津津有味，不自覺地跟著說起來。當(dāng)片子放完之后，我逐一掏出袋子里的牛奶、三明治時，他們竟能脫口而出：milk., sandwich。有的甚至能說出：“I have milk for breakfast.” 這樣完整的句子?？梢妼W(xué)生已在無意之中已熟練地掌握了這些內(nèi)容。

小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)探討及其應(yīng)采用的幾種教學(xué)法

摘要:文章從現(xiàn)時教學(xué)中存在的問題出發(fā),闡述了對小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)的探討及其應(yīng)采用的幾種教學(xué)法,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動參與的意識,探究發(fā)現(xiàn)以及語言交際能力。

詞匯是語音的基本建筑材料,英語詞匯教學(xué)是英語課堂教學(xué)的重要一環(huán)。小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)雖不如會話教學(xué)那么重要,要求四會的單詞非常少,但也是必須掌握的知識。而且詞匯教學(xué)是比較乏味的。如何有效地教授小學(xué)英語詞匯,繼而激發(fā)和保持學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣,是每位英語教師必須研究的重要課題。隨著時代的發(fā)展、教學(xué)的深入,詞匯教學(xué)當(dāng)然也要因地因時、因人而異,其教法需要不斷地改進(jìn)或發(fā)展。

一、小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)中的存在問題

(一)教師孤立教詞,講得過多

孤立地教詞、孤立地講解,是以往詞匯教學(xué)中普遍存在的一大弊病。這種教法讓教師的講解占用了過多時間,使學(xué)生記憶一堆互不聯(lián)系的詞義和用法例句。而實(shí)際上詞匯是有規(guī)律、成體系的詞匯,一方面與語音、句型、課文結(jié)合,另一方面在聽、說、讀、寫之中體現(xiàn),因此在詞匯教學(xué)中應(yīng)充分運(yùn)用整體教學(xué)法,大幅度減少教師講知識的時間,把時間還給學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生自己去觀察、思考,依據(jù)詞匯內(nèi)部的形、音、義、構(gòu)造、用法的縱橫聯(lián)系掌握詞匯。

(二)學(xué)生與詞匯接觸少、吸收少

不少詞在初學(xué)時雖被記住,但以后則被漸漸地忘卻。由于有計(jì)劃、有目的地結(jié)合詞匯教學(xué)進(jìn)行聽、說、讀、寫不夠,而導(dǎo)致詞匯重復(fù)少、吸收少;反過來,詞匯量小又導(dǎo)致聽、說、讀、寫難以大量進(jìn)行。這種惡性循環(huán)導(dǎo)致中學(xué)英語教學(xué)步履艱難,不少學(xué)生英語難過關(guān)。由于害怕記單詞而討厭學(xué)英語。

(三)不同詞匯的教學(xué)主次不分,平均用力,負(fù)擔(dān)過重

在實(shí)際中不少教師經(jīng)常不分主次而一律要求學(xué)生將所有詞匯的音、形、義、用法全掌握,聽、說、讀、寫都會用。結(jié)果是該達(dá)到的要求沒達(dá)到,教師和學(xué)生雙方都未在詞匯的教和學(xué)上抓住主要矛盾,因而效果不佳。

由此可見,小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)并沒有我們以往想象的那么簡單,實(shí)際教學(xué)中的諸多困難和問題還有待解決。作為英語教師,應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地研究和學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的教學(xué)理論并結(jié)合實(shí)際去付諸實(shí)施,最大限度地提高教學(xué)效率。

二、詞匯教學(xué)內(nèi)容

(一)讀音和拼寫的教學(xué)

詞的讀音和拼寫形式是詞的存在基礎(chǔ),是各個方面相互區(qū)別的第一要素。音和形的教學(xué)歷來受到重視,無論中學(xué)英語教學(xué)采取何種方法和路子,對此都不能忽視。在詞匯的音和形的教學(xué)中,要注意音和形的統(tǒng)一與結(jié)合,通過一定的教學(xué)方法,使學(xué)生既能見形而知音,又能因音而記形。

(二)意義和用法的教學(xué)

教單詞除了讀音和拼寫之外,還要讓學(xué)生掌握詞的意義和用法。在一些意義具體的單詞教學(xué)中,要盡量使學(xué)生主動、積極地把多方面的

感知活動加入詞匯學(xué)習(xí)之中去。對于詞的用法教學(xué),則要注意與句型、會話教學(xué)緊密結(jié)合,在句型中練習(xí)詞的用法,并強(qiáng)化詞與詞之間的縱向(一詞多用)和橫向(一義多詞)聯(lián)系,使學(xué)生更準(zhǔn)確更迅速地掌握詞匯。

三、小學(xué)英語詞匯教學(xué)中常用的幾種教學(xué)法

《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》所提倡的“任務(wù)型”的教學(xué)途徑以學(xué)生興趣為出發(fā)點(diǎn),以交際為目的,以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ),充分體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生的主體性和語言的交際本質(zhì),強(qiáng)化了語言交際運(yùn)用的過程。以任務(wù)為中心的教學(xué)思路把培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動參與的意識和探究發(fā)現(xiàn)以及語言交際能力作為一個重要目標(biāo)。學(xué)生在教師設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)活動中,通過參與、體驗(yàn)、思考、討論、交流合作等方式完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。

因此,要提高教學(xué)效果,必須將科學(xué)理論與實(shí)際需要相結(jié)合。在詞匯教學(xué)中,我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)教材中詞匯反映的不同內(nèi)容,根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn)精心組織教學(xué),使學(xué)生學(xué)得快、記得牢。在訓(xùn)練中做到詞不離句、句不離義。一般而言,詞匯教學(xué)可采用以下幾種方式進(jìn)行。

(一)直觀教學(xué)法

直觀教學(xué)法主要是通過實(shí)物、圖片、手勢、動作、表情等使學(xué)生建立形象思維,可大大提高記憶效果,這也是最常用的一種教學(xué)手段。

1.利用實(shí)物進(jìn)行教學(xué)。主要用于實(shí)物名稱教學(xué),如鐘表、杯子、蘋果、桔子等,這些都是日常生活中常見的東西,極容易準(zhǔn)備且面積不大,便于攜帶。上課時,教師可一邊呈現(xiàn)物品一邊將單詞讀出、板書,將單詞的音、形、義一次性完成,既生動又形象。接著按照詞不離句、句不離文的方法套入一些句型“What's this? It's a/an ?”或 “I like ?very much”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行操練,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對單詞音、形、義的統(tǒng)一意識。

2.利用掛圖、簡筆畫、課件等多媒體手段進(jìn)行詞匯教學(xué)。對于那些不便于通過實(shí)物來進(jìn)行教學(xué)的詞匯,如家庭成員、日期、天氣、動物等,可利用掛圖、簡筆畫或電教媒體,如何運(yùn)用視學(xué)校實(shí)際條件而行。在條件較差的學(xué)校,可利用簡筆畫或掛圖來進(jìn)行;在條件較好的學(xué)校,則可運(yùn)用多媒體。通過這些教具,教師能輕易地將詞匯的意、形、義呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。

3.借助手勢、動作或表情進(jìn)行教學(xué)。英語中有許多動詞,我們可通過手勢、動作、表情,使學(xué)生易于領(lǐng)會。如:sing、run、jump、swim等,教師可以邊做動作邊說出英語單詞,也可以請一些英語較好、領(lǐng)悟能力較強(qiáng)的學(xué)生按教師所示做動作,教師可先敘述,接著要求學(xué)生跟著單詞及句型:run-He is running;jump-He is jumping等等,教師并將動詞及相關(guān)句型板書,帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生操練熟悉詞匯。

(二)創(chuàng)造情景法

教師教詞匯應(yīng)盡量避免單調(diào)地直接板書單詞到黑板上教學(xué)生認(rèn)讀,要努力地創(chuàng)造情景,用創(chuàng)造情景法進(jìn)行詞匯教學(xué),把學(xué)生置于情景中學(xué)習(xí)掌握單詞。如教授地點(diǎn)名詞(如:hospital、station、cinema)時,教師可預(yù)先把地點(diǎn)名次分別簡單地畫在卡片或紙上,同時寫上單詞,上課時特定幾個學(xué)生上臺拿著。教師說:I want to go to Beijing.Where must I go?等等,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說出生詞station等,同時請拿著相應(yīng)單詞的畫的學(xué)生向前跨步展現(xiàn)該詞的詞形、詞義。或者是教師設(shè)計(jì)一個情景,把兩

組間的過道當(dāng)作街道,那些拿著畫的學(xué)生為車站、醫(yī)院等地點(diǎn),教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在這一特定情景里把單詞套入特定的句型中反復(fù)聯(lián)系,直至能靈活運(yùn)用為止。

(三)對比教學(xué)法

詞匯教學(xué)的對比教學(xué)法可分為三種:一種是近(同)義詞對比,一種是反義(相對)詞對比,還有同音(異形)詞對比。同義詞對比:英語中大量的詞匯都有與其意義相同或相近的詞。利用同(近)義詞代換或?qū)Ρ鹊姆椒ㄖv授詞匯是教學(xué)中常用的一種方法,如:glad-happy;enjoy-like等等,可幫助學(xué)生“溫故而知新”。反義(相對)詞對比:對比反義詞或相對詞有助于學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中有聯(lián)系地記憶。如:Now the shop is open.It isn’t closed.或It is not very cold.It is warm.這樣的對比不僅便于熟記,還能使單詞在句中一目了然,幫助學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用。同音異形詞對比:教師在教生詞時,可讓學(xué)生把以前學(xué)過的同音詞板書出來。如:no-know,week-weak等等,區(qū)別這些詞書寫和意義上的不同,并分別用這些詞造句,促使學(xué)生深刻記憶,牢固掌握生詞的讀音、詞性、意義、拼寫。(四)詞匯組織法

隨著學(xué)生詞匯量的增加,教師可根據(jù)單詞按照一定的范疇進(jìn)行組織、歸類,幫助學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶規(guī)律,利用詞匯組織法幫助學(xué)生記憶單詞。歸類組織法:即根據(jù)同類關(guān)系來將單詞歸類,教師先提出一個概括詞,讓學(xué)生將學(xué)過的屬于這一類的詞歸集起來。如,fruit:apple、banana、pear etc。這樣的歸類使分散的單詞集中起來,便于聯(lián)想和回憶。接近組織法:即根據(jù)接近聯(lián)想的原理,將兩個以上在空間和時間上很接近的印象聯(lián)系在一起,這樣只要想出一個,便會聯(lián)想和回憶出與之接近的一種印象來。如想到天體,就會想到star、sun、earth、moon,進(jìn)而想到plane,spaceship,再聯(lián)想到astronaut、airman等等。

(五)英漢釋義法

這種方法包含英語釋義和漢語解釋。首先是用英語來解釋詞匯,鍛煉學(xué)生用英語想英語的思維能力。如:bank-a place for keeping money等。其次是用漢語解釋詞義。英語教學(xué)中應(yīng)盡量避免母語的使用。但遇到一些表示抽象概念的詞匯時,如air、traffic等,用英語解釋可能中學(xué)生較難接受,此時教師可以直接用漢語解釋,這樣不僅可以節(jié)省課堂時間,而且意思清晰明了。

(六)游戲、競賽法

青少年活潑、好強(qiáng)、好表現(xiàn),教師應(yīng)充分利用學(xué)生這一特點(diǎn),努力在英語課堂上為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造說和做的機(jī)會,使他們處于學(xué)習(xí)的主人地位。把競爭機(jī)制引入課堂,把游戲搬進(jìn)課堂,不僅拉近了師生間的距離,而且能使學(xué)生整個身心處于積極主動的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)。詞匯教學(xué)中常用的游戲方法有“找朋友”,“猜測游戲”、“單詞接龍”等;競賽的形式也有多種,如“看誰舉例多”、“看誰最快完成”等等。游戲、競賽可用于詞匯教學(xué)的各個環(huán)節(jié),前面所介紹的幾種教法中也可將游戲或競賽滲透其中,但教師要注意合理控制時間,且要避免只追求趣味而忽略效果。

(七)單詞拼讀規(guī)則法

這種方法要建立在良好的語音基礎(chǔ)上。英語作為拼音文字,字母和讀音之間有一定的規(guī)律可循,這就是我們常說的讀音規(guī)則。教師在教學(xué)詞匯中應(yīng)讓學(xué)生熟練掌握讀音規(guī)則,并通過大量的例句進(jìn)行更直觀、形象的講解。如a在開音節(jié)中讀[ei]:name、cake、late等,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音和記憶單詞。這種方法可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自學(xué)單詞的能力。

(八)探索法

直接出示單詞教學(xué)生發(fā)音是大多數(shù)教師過去常用的方法,它只注重傳授知識本身,也就是我們常說的“認(rèn)讀法”。在詞匯教學(xué)中也可以將它變?yōu)椤疤剿鞣ā?讓學(xué)生自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)知識的規(guī)律。

下面是一個詞匯“bread”的教學(xué)實(shí)例。

T(teacher): Do you know how to read it in English?(Showing a picture of bread.)

S(students): No.T: Please find out the words(that we have learned)with “ea”.S:(All the students begin to think and find out the following words: tea, teacher, head, please, meat, ?)

T: Now please read them and tell me how to pronounce“ea” in each word.S: tea[ti:], please[pli:z], meat[mi:t],head[hed],?

T: Oh, wonderful!Now, you know, sometimes we may pronounce “ea”[i:], but sometimes we may pronounce “ea”[e].Here“ea” in bread should be pronounced [e], the same as “head”.S: Ok, we can read it(bread)[bred].采用“探索法”,可以充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的自主性和創(chuàng)造性。學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)會了該單詞的讀音,掌握了讀音規(guī)則,還學(xué)會了思考以及尋求知識的方法。這種學(xué)習(xí)不是被動地接受知識,而是通過自主地參與獲得探究能力。它是一種“探究式” 的學(xué)習(xí):它既重視結(jié)果又強(qiáng)調(diào)知識獲得的過程,既關(guān)注意義建構(gòu)又注重應(yīng)用。因此, 它特別有利于素質(zhì)教育、創(chuàng)新教育的有效實(shí)施。

四、展望

英語詞匯的教學(xué)方式方法多種多樣,以上所述只是最常用和常見的幾種。常言道:教學(xué)有法,教無定法。英語詞匯教學(xué)必須立足于時代和科學(xué)的發(fā)展,以一定的科學(xué)教學(xué)理論為依據(jù),在實(shí)際中結(jié)合教學(xué)對象和教材的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)出符合學(xué) 生心理特點(diǎn)、遵循語言學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律的教學(xué)方法,滿足時代發(fā)展及學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)需要。從而激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,提高教學(xué)效率,并不斷關(guān)注和學(xué)習(xí)新的教育動態(tài),收集和吸取成功的范例,結(jié)合實(shí)際,創(chuàng)造出新穎實(shí)用的教學(xué)方法。

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1]張鶯,付麗萍.小學(xué)英語教學(xué)法[M].長春:東北師范大學(xué)出版社,2000.[2]王篤勤.小學(xué)英語教學(xué)法——導(dǎo)學(xué)[M].北京:中央廣播電視大學(xué)出版社,2003.[3]王電建,賴紅玲.小學(xué)英語教學(xué)法[M].北京:北京大學(xué)出版社,2002.[4]車建琴.“直接拼讀法”在上海浦東新區(qū)小學(xué)低年級的實(shí)踐與研究[J].中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)與研究,2006.英語聽力教學(xué)技巧（轉(zhuǎn)）

摘要：如何提高聽力水平是困擾許多英語學(xué)習(xí)者的問題之一。筆者根據(jù)幾年來的英語聽力教學(xué)實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)及參考當(dāng)代一些學(xué)者的研究成果，提出了一些英語聽力教學(xué)技巧和方法來幫助學(xué)習(xí)者克服聽力障礙從而提高聽力理解水平。關(guān)鍵詞：聽力教學(xué) 聽力策略 精聽與泛聽 語言背景知識 聽說讀寫

英語聽力，就是聽懂以英語為本族語的人說話的能力，它是語言能力的重要組成部分，是吸取語言信息及獲得言語感受的主要途徑，更是學(xué)生自然習(xí)得語言的重要途徑或掌握英語教學(xué)的必由之路。因此，聽力是中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中必不可少的一部分。

然而，聽力水平低下一直是學(xué)生較為苦惱的問題，如何提高英語聽力水平自然而然地成了眾多學(xué)習(xí)者與從教者所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。國內(nèi)外許多學(xué)者也曾對影響聽力水平的因素進(jìn)行過許多探討，歸納起來大概有兩類：知識性障礙和非知識性障礙。其中知識性障礙包括語音、語法、與英語相關(guān)聯(lián)的文化背景知識等等。非知識性障礙則包括情感因素、認(rèn)知因素及聽力理解的方法等等。在實(shí)際中，影響聽力水平是多個因素共同作用的結(jié)果。學(xué)生們在聽力中遇到了種種困難：有的主要是生詞太多，往往一個詞聽不懂，便變得無所適從；有的是抓不住重點(diǎn)，抓住某一兩個詞句而不理解全文，最后也還是不得要領(lǐng)；有的好象聽懂了全文，可抓不住關(guān)鍵，一聽到問題又感覺茫茫然好象什么都不太懂了。這些問題的存在需要老師有針對性地采取些方法來幫助學(xué)生克服影響聽力提高的各種障礙，進(jìn)而提高聽力理解水平。

一、用英語組織課堂教學(xué)，營造習(xí)得環(huán)境

在課堂上，學(xué)生聽老師和其他同學(xué)講英語是提高英語聽力的主要方法之一。許多老師已經(jīng)意識到這一點(diǎn)。因此，用英語教英語已逐漸成為中學(xué)英語教師的共識。不僅使用英語課堂用語來組織課堂教學(xué)的各個環(huán)節(jié)，還要在講解詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、語篇時盡可能的使用英語；課堂上的師生交流、對答、討論以及對學(xué)生的評價等也要使用英語；同學(xué)之間的交流也要使用英語。營造英語習(xí)得環(huán)境，使學(xué)生在潛移默化中提高英語聽力理解水平。當(dāng)然，教師的教學(xué)語言必須根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際，使其具有可接受性。

二、加強(qiáng)閱讀教學(xué)，豐富語言背景文化

學(xué)生常有這樣的體會，遇上內(nèi)容熟悉的材料，聽起來收獲較大，這反映了語言知識、背景知識在聽懂有聲語言過程中的重要性。語言知識除語音、詞匯和語法三大要素外，還包括句法知識和諸如文章體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)等的篇章知識。背景知識則包括天文地理，古今中外，名人生平，常人趣事等等。教師可以尋找典型語篇，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行廣泛的閱讀，拓寬詞匯量，形成語感，豐富學(xué)生的英語文化背景知識，提高猜測能力和推理能力，增加語法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度，從而可以在很大程度上幫助學(xué)生克服聽力提高的知識性障礙。

三、精聽與泛聽相結(jié)合

聽有兩種方式：精聽與泛聽。泛聽是指任何聽力材料先完整地聽一遍，重點(diǎn)放在語篇的理解，而泛聽則是指在泛聽的基礎(chǔ)上反復(fù)再聽幾遍，將文章分成語段，語

段分成語句，語句分成意群，逐個擊破，或者做逐詞逐句的聽寫練習(xí)，重點(diǎn)是確保語句的理解。

精聽的目的是訓(xùn)練基本功，逐步習(xí)慣外國人講話時的語音語調(diào)在語流中的變化，聽熟基本詞、常用語和常用句型。泛聽的目的是鞏固和擴(kuò)大精聽的成果，接觸更多的語言現(xiàn)象，更快的提高聽覺反應(yīng)能力?？梢哉f泛聽是目標(biāo)，精聽是達(dá)到目標(biāo)的手段，要有效地提高實(shí)際交流活動中的聽能，在聽力訓(xùn)練中必須采用泛聽和精聽相結(jié)合的方法，泛聽先行，精聽在后。只有精泛結(jié)合，才有利于提高學(xué)生的聽力理解的目的。

四、聽說讀寫融合，四項(xiàng)技能并進(jìn)

語言教學(xué)的綜合性原則不僅強(qiáng)調(diào)教學(xué)方法的綜合，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)語言技能的綜合。該原則認(rèn)為聽說讀寫四項(xiàng)技能既相對獨(dú)立，又相互聯(lián)系，要全面發(fā)展。即使是單向技能課，教師也要體現(xiàn)語言技能的綜合性原則。因此，在以提高學(xué)生聽力技能為主的聽力課上，也要根據(jù)實(shí)際，將它與說、讀、寫有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來，既有所側(cè)重，又全面發(fā)展。

聽說結(jié)合：教師既可以要求學(xué)生聽后口頭回答問題，進(jìn)行復(fù)述或針對課文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行討論，也可以先師生對話，談?wù)撆c聽力材料內(nèi)容有關(guān)語言方面和背景方面的話題，然后再讓學(xué)生聽。

聽讀結(jié)合：對于那些來自生活真實(shí)語言的不太長的閱讀文章，可以采取先聽后讀，要求學(xué)生主要以聽覺而不是視覺來吸取語言知識，聽后可讓學(xué)生回答一些如who,when, what,where之類的問題，待學(xué)生閱讀材料之后再討論疑難問題或書面回答問題。另外，加強(qiáng)朗讀訓(xùn)練對提高辨音能力和形成語感及提高聽力作用很大。聽寫結(jié)合：聽寫訓(xùn)練可以使學(xué)生逐漸發(fā)展聽音會意能力，增加對語言的敏感性，提高記憶力，從而提高聽力水平。教師可以采用的訓(xùn)練方式有聽課文的短語、句子、段落，聽課文原文填詞等。

五、優(yōu)化心理環(huán)境，減少情緒障礙

保持良好的心理狀態(tài)，對于提高聽力非常重要。關(guān)于如何克服精神緊張，消除焦慮感，樹立自信心，發(fā)揮聽者理解過程中的能動作用，許多學(xué)者提出了很好的見解。有學(xué)者從語篇的角度提出：首先，教師要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語篇意識，使學(xué)生認(rèn)識到，在聽力語篇中遇到聽不懂的詞句完全不必著急，因?yàn)檫@是很自然的現(xiàn)象；其次，根據(jù)語篇信息冗余度原理，沒有聽懂的這部分信息有可能在語篇的其它地方再次出現(xiàn)，或者即使不出現(xiàn)，也可通過上下文做出合理推測；再次，根據(jù)語篇結(jié)構(gòu)潛勢，沒聽懂的這部分，有可能并不影響整個語篇的理解，只起一些輔助作用。若能認(rèn)識這幾點(diǎn)，聽者就會真正地樹立起心理優(yōu)勢。

六、運(yùn)用聽力策略，加強(qiáng)技巧訓(xùn)練

教師在進(jìn)行聽力教學(xué)時，不僅要學(xué)生多聽語言材料，而且要教會學(xué)生如何根據(jù)自己的特點(diǎn)采取一些策略與方法來提高聽的效率。我們必須認(rèn)識到聽力學(xué)習(xí)策略教學(xué)的意義，在聽力訓(xùn)練時，應(yīng)向?qū)W生指出聽力訓(xùn)練不是學(xué)生被動地聽教師準(zhǔn)備的語言材料，而是主動吸取信息的過程，因此，要積極思考，有意識地采取一定的策略，提高學(xué)習(xí)效益。主要的學(xué)習(xí)策略有：

1.在聽前根據(jù)問題和選項(xiàng)對文章大致內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測；在聽獨(dú)白的過程中，可根據(jù)首、尾句對文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。

2.根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞詞義，即使有的音或詞句沒聽清楚，也可根據(jù)自己的猜測自動彌補(bǔ)，甚至可以跳過，千萬不要停下來思考，以免影響隨之而來的“流水線”式的輸入。

3.聽較長對話或短文時，注意力要集中在整體內(nèi)容上，把問題與題干聯(lián)系起來，或通過注意理解每一段的主題句等方法，掌握中心思想與主題。

4．記錄重要的人名、地名、時間、日期、年齡、價格、距離的數(shù)字等聽后容易遺忘的內(nèi)容。數(shù)字用阿拉伯字記錄，人名、地名用代號，長詞用縮寫，長句記主要成分等。

5．善于識別與聽懂關(guān)鍵詞。如回答對話發(fā)生的場所或人物之間的關(guān)系等，一般均有關(guān)鍵詞。

在語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中，聽是吸收和鞏固語言知識和培養(yǎng)說、讀、寫語言能力的重要手段，因此，聽力課是外語教學(xué)的一個必不可少的組成部分，聽力課教學(xué)質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣直接影響到學(xué)生語言知識接收、語言基本技能訓(xùn)練及實(shí)際能力培養(yǎng)的水平。如何提高英語聽力教學(xué)水平，不同學(xué)者及研究人員在聽力教學(xué)研究過程中采用了各種不同的方法，關(guān)鍵在于正確認(rèn)識聽力過程及影響這一過程的主要因素，只要教師采取合理的教學(xué)方法一定能較大幅度地提高學(xué)生的聽力理解水平。

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第五篇：英語課堂教學(xué)過程用語

英語課堂教學(xué)過程用語

一、開始課堂教學(xué)(Beginning the lesson)

Now, who can remember what we did last lesson?

Well, can any of you tell me what we practised last time?

OK, l want a student to tell us what we learned/read about/used last lesson.Remember?

Do you remember these pictures?

We used the pictures and the cards, didn’t we? We practised a talk about sports, right? Let’s go over it again.Let’s read the sentences once more.What about having another practice? How about revising them once more?

二、宣布教學(xué)計(jì)劃(Announcing the teaching pIan)

first/first of all/and then/later(on)/after that/finally/by the end of-.-etc.one..../two.../three.../four..’ Practise a dialogue Learn something now

Do some read ing / w rit ing / note tak ing Have some conversation practice Do some role play

in a few minutes/half way through the lesson/when we’ve finished.../near the end of the lesson/at the end of the lesson

if we have enough time/if time permits/if there’s time/perhaps we may spend a few minutes on...By the end of the lesson you’ll be able to talk about agreements and disagreements.You’ll have learnt how to give people advice.You’ll have had practice in writing a letter asking for help.You’ll be able to use the present perfect tense for checking up.三、組織課堂教學(xué)(Getting organized)

Would you move your chairs in(up, back, etc.)? Could you three move your desks forward l please? Will you both move your table this way please? Would you mind straightening the chairs please?

Do you mind moving back a bit? Will you make a bigger space here?

Could you possibly arrange yourselves to make a group of 3(4，6, 8, etc.)? If you could arrange yourselves to form a group of 5.-.Please would you arrange your chairs in 3(4, 5 t etc-)?

Would you find the handouts we were using last week please? Could you get out the polycopies you had last time please? Will you take out the worksheets you began yesterday please? Let’s find the passage we were reading last lesson.Put your other books away, please.No others!That’s all.We don’t need these pictures.Will you put them away? Not that book.The other one.Yes, the red one.Ready!Now we can start.Haven’t you brought yours? Well, you’ll have to share with your neighbour.Have you lost yours? Well, you may share with Li Lei.Haven’t you got yours? Forgotten? Well, you should use mine, but don’t forget next time.I have some papers to give out now.I have some new books to give out today.Here are some worksheets to hand round.Will you please give these sheets out, Han Mei? Thanks.Please pass these papers back(round, along), please.Take one and(then)pass them on.They’re for you to keep.You may have them to keep.I want the materials back please.I want them back at the end of the lesson.You must give them in again, so please don’t write on them.OK? Please can you clean the blackboard/the whiteboard/the board? Would you mind cleaning the board, please? Just clean this half.Leave that section.We still need this part.Just clean that bit.Don’t clean that side.Not this hit.Only that part.Just that section.Thank you very much.Could you clean the top left-hand corner, please? Will you clean the bottom right-hand corner, please?

Please rub of f the yellow words on the left at the top-

Would you please rub off the drawings on the right at the bottom? Rub everything off, please-Leave this on, please.四、舉例(Giving examples)1.以速度區(qū)分

You should use-ing form here, like...(入慢速度)I love playing football." 2.以重復(fù)來區(qū)分

You will have to use ’but’ when you express this idea, now listen to the sentence: ’I love swimming but I don’t like swimming in winter.’(停頓，再讀一遍)3.以重讀來區(qū)分

We ought to use the form ’have done...’ such as(加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)部位的讀音力度)’Have you finished that job yet?’ 4.以手勢來區(qū)分

五、談?wù)撜n堂環(huán)境(taking about physical conditions)

Don’t you think it’s too hot in here? Isn’t it rather cold in here? Please can you turn the fan on?

Would you mind switching the air condition or on? Then we’ll be able to keep cool.I’m afraid it’s too dark in here.Can you work alright? Can you see alright? Don’t we need that light(s)on? Wi1l you open the shutters?

Oh, it’s much too untidy for us to study in.Please tidy up, will you?

Please would you go and ask someone to fix the light? Will you fetch someone to see to the cooler?.六、使用教學(xué)工具與設(shè)備(Using aids and instruments)

Will you fetch the wall charts of Lesson 65?

Can you bring me those sets of flash cards of ’food and drink’ ? We need a flannel board.Now, I’ve got some folders of cue cards.Please could you stick the picture up here?

Let’s find the sticky tape to fix the chart up.Is that alright? Straight? High enough? Can you all see it? Wil1 you give me the scissors? They are to cut these out with.Will you take them down?

I’m going to collect the cards in now and put them away.七、使用電教設(shè)備(Using electrical equipment)

Will you possibly plug the tape recorder in for me? Oh dear.It’s too loud, what must you do then?(S: Well, I have to turn the volume down.)

I’m afraid it’s not loud enough.You’d better turn it up a bit.What’s wrong with the recorder? Will you check the plug is in/the switch is on/the mains supply? It won’t work.Can you check the plug is in? I can’t get it to work.Now, wait a minute.Let’s find the right place on the tape.Shall we go back and play it again?

Did you catch that? That seemed to be a bit fast-We’l1 go back and listen again, Ready? Check it is rewound, back to the start.Wind the tape on to the empty spool.Set the counter to O00 at the beginning of the tape.T: Now, let’s talk about some pictures.We’ll need the O.H.P., that is, the overhead projector.Do you know how to make it work?(教師指引出投影儀的英文名稱)S: Electricity.，T: Well, do l need to switch it on first or plug it in?

Ss: Plug in.T： Plug it in, good.Can you say that? Come on!You have...everyone.Ss: You have to plug it in-

T: Good l Well, l’ve plugged it in.Now what? Ss: er-..You have to switch it...T: Switch it on t on Everyone!You have...Ss: You have to switch it on.T: That’s it.Now I’ll adjust the mirrors...oh dear, the picture’s upside down!How silly!lt’s too bright’

It’s not bright enough.It’s not clear enough.It’s out of focus.Let’s adjust the focus.八 進(jìn)行分組活動(Dividing the class up)

(1)Choral(2)Individuals(3)Teams

(4)Pairs

I want all of you to answer the questions.(Choral)

I’d like just one person to continue the sentence.(Individual)I want this part to correct the sentence.(Team)Now let’s play the dialogue out in pairs.(Pair)For this, I’m going to divide you down the middle.Now I’ll divide you in half.Whose go is it? Not yours-You be quick!It’s group 6 first.Now you.Quickly!That’s it.It’s your turn second.It’s their go third.We’ll score on the board and we’ll see which team wins.I want you to work in groups.In fours./In groups of four’

Turn round and face your neighbour.You haven’t anyone to work with, have you? What about joining in with them?

九、布置作業(yè)(Setting homework)

At home tonight, practise the exercise on page 9.At home this evening, not now, revise this dialogue.You are going to compose a piece of writing about today’s topic in your notebooks and give it in tomorrow morning.For homework, l want you to finish this piece of work.Before next lesson you must go over what we’ve just learnt from unit 12.It must be done by next lesson.The piece of writing must be completed by next time I see you/this time next week.十 結(jié)束課堂教學(xué)(Ending the lesson)

One or two more minutes, just complete the task you’re doing and then we’ll stop-.Now time is up.We’ll stop now.You’ve done enough of that/enough practice at that-Most of you have done that better than last time.I want to collect your papers now please.I’d like to take in your last lot of homework.Please will you give it/pass it up to the end of the row? Put your work on my desk as you leave.Thank you, everyone.Well done.Could you see all the library books are returned, everyone, please? Before you all leave, would you check that all the books are put away?

Li Ming, it’s your job today to clean the board/collect the readers in/make sure it’s all tidy forthe next class.I have some announcements to make be fore you go.Could you listen, please?