第一篇：會(huì)計(jì)類英文參考文獻(xiàn)

會(huì)計(jì)專業(yè)

經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)（The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996）

參考：Lawrence D.Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph.D Granting Institutions and Faculties;A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.21, NO.7/8, P726-728

1.Ball, R.and Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp.159-178

1.2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of

Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp.112-134

2.3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”, Journal of

Accounting and Economics, April, 85-107

3.Hopwood A.G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study of Accounting and

Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society(No.1, 1978)pp.3-14

4.Collins, D.W., Kothari, S.P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional

Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp.143-181

5.EastonP.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock Market Response to

Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 117-141

6.Beaver, W.H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, journal of

Accounting Research, pp.67-92

7.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice:

Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117

8.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical

Tests.Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276

9.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation of Alternative

Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and

Economics, 61-87

10.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction of Stock Returns”,Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-329

11.William H.Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F.Wright, 1979, “The Association between

Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors,” Journal of

Accounting Research, 17, 316-340.12.Burchell S., Clubb C., Hopwood, A., Hughes J., Nahapiet J., 1980, “The Roles of Accounting in

Organizations and Society”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp.5-28

13.Atiase, R.K., 1985, “Predisclosure Information, Firm Capitalization, and Security Price Behavior

Around Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-36.14.Miller P., O'Leary T., 1987, “Accounting and the Construction of the Governable Person”,Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp.235-266

15.O'Brien P.C., 1988, “Analysts' Forecasts As Earnings Expectations”, journal of Accounting &

Economics, pp.53-83

16.Bernard, V.L., 1987, “Cross-Sectional Dependence and Problems in Inference in Market-Based

Accounting Research”, Journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.1-48

17.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation of Alternative

Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and

Economics, 61-87

18.Freeman, R.N., 1987, “The Association Between Accounting Earnings and Security Returns for

Large and Small Firms”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp.195-228

19.Collins, D.W., Kothari, S.P.and Rayburn, J.D., 1987, “Firm Size and the Information Content of

Prices with Respect to Earnings”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp.111-138

20.Beaver, W.H., Lambert, R.A.and Morse, D., 1980, “The Information Content of Security Prices,Journal of Accounting & Economics”, March, pp.3-28

21.Foster G., 1977, “Quarterly Accounting Data: Time-Series Properties and predictive-Ability

Results”, The Accounting Review, pp.201-232

22.Christie A.A., 1987, “On Cross-Sectional Analysis in Accounting Research”, journal of Accounting

& Economics, December, pp.231-258

23.Loft A., 1986, “Towards a Critica1 Understanding of Accounting: The Case of Cost Accounting in

theU.K.”, 1914-1925, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.2, pp.137-170

24.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., 1974, “Capital Market Equilibrium, Information Production, and

Selecting Accounting Techniques: Theoretical Framework and Review of Empirical Work”,journal of Accounting, 48-129

25.Bowen, R.M., Noreen, E.W.and Lacey, J.M., 1981, “Determinants of the Corporate Decision to

Capitalize Interest”, Journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp151-179

26.Hagerman R.L, Zmijewski M.E, 1979, “Some Economic Determinants of Accounting Policy

Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, August, 141-161

27.Burchell S., Clubb, C.and Hopwood, A.G., 1985, “Accounting in its Socia1 Context: Towards a

History of Value Added in theUnited Kingdom”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.4, pp.381-414

28.Leftwich R.W, 1981, “Evidence of the Impact of Mandatory Changes in Accounting Principles on

Corporate Loan Agreements”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3-36

29.Bernard, V.L.and Thomas, J.K., 1989, “Post-Earnings Announcement Drift: Delayed Price

Response or Risk Premium?”, Journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-36

30.WattsR.L., Zimmerman J.L., 1979, “The Demand for and Supply of Accounting Theories: The

Market for Excuses”, The Accounting Review, April, pp.273-305

31.Armstrong J.P., 1987, “the rise of Accounting Controls in British Capitalist Enterprises”,Accounting, Organizations and Society, May, pp.415-436

32.Beaver, W.H., Lambert, R.A.and Ryan, S.G., 1987, “The Information Content of Security

Prices: A Second Look”, journal of Accounting & Economics, July, pp.139-157

33.Chambers, A.E., Penman, S.H, 1984, “Timeliness of Reporting and the Stock Price Reaction to

Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-47

34.Collins D.W., Rozeff M.S., Dhaliwal D.S., 1981, “The Economic Determinants of the Market

Reaction to Proposed Mandatory Accounting Changes in the Oil and Gas Industry: A

Cross-Sectional Analysis”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37-71

35.Holthausen R.W., 1981, “Evidence on the Effect of Bond Covenants and Management

Compensation Contracts on the Choice of Accounting Techniques: The Case of the Depreciation Switch-Back”, journal of Accounting & Economics, March, pp.73-109

36.ZmijewskiM.E., Hagerman R.L., 1981, “An Income Strategy Approach to the Positive Theory of

Accounting Standard Settings/Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 129-149

37.Lev B., Ohlson J.A, 1982, “Market-Based Empirical Research in Accounting: A Review,Interpretation, and Extension”, Journal of Accounting Research, 249-322

38.Ou J.and Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction of Stock Returns”,Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-329

39.Bruns Jr.W.J, Waterhouse, J., 1975, “Budgetary Control and Organization Structure”, journal of

Accounting Research, Autumn, pp.177-203

40.Tinker A.M., Merino B.D., Neimark M., 1982, “The Normative Origins of Positive Theories:

Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations and Society”, No.2, pp.167-200

41.Foster, G., 1980, “Accounting Policy Decisions and Capital Market Research”, journal of

Accounting & Economics March, pp.29-62

42.Gibbins M., 1984, “Propositions About the Psychology of Professional Judgement in Public

Accounting”, Journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.103-125

43.Hopwood A.G, 1983, “On Trying to Study Accounting in the Contexts in which it Operates”,Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.2/3, pp.287-305

44.Abdolmohammadi M.J., Wright A., 1987, “An Examination of the Effects of Experience and Task

Complexity on Audit Judgments”, The Accounting Review, pp.1-13

45.Berry, A.J., Capps, T., Cooper, D.,Ferguson, P., Hopper, T.and Lowe, E.A., 1985, “Management

Control in an Area of the NCB: Rationales of Accounting Practices in a Public Enterprise”,Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp.3-28

46.Hoskin, K.W., Macve R.H, 1986, “Accounting and the Examination: A Genealogy of Disciplinary

Power”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.2, pp.105-136

47.Kaplan R.S, 1984, “The Evolution of Management Accounting”, The Accounting Review, 390-341

48.Libby R., 1985, “Availability and the Generation of Hypotheses in Analytica1 Review”, journal of

Accounting Research, Autumn, pp.648-667

49.Wilson G.P., 1987, “The Incremental Information Content of the Accrual and Funds Components

of Earnings After Controlling for Earnings”, the Accounting Review, 293-322

50.Foster, G., Olsen, C., Shevlin T., 1984, “Earnings Releases, Anomalies, and the Behavior of

Security Returns”, The Accounting Review, October, pp.574-603

51.Lipe R.C., 1986, “The Information Contained in the Components of Earnings”, journal of

Accounting Research, pp.37-68

52.Rayburn J., 1986, “The Association of Operating Cash Flows and Accruals With Security Returns”,Journal of Accounting Research, 112-137

53.Ball, R.and Foster, G., 1982, “Corporate Financial Reporting: A Methodological Review of

Empirical Research”, journal of Accounting Research, pp.161-234

54.Demski J.S, Feltham G.A, 1978, “Economic Incentives in Budgetary Control Systems”, The

Accounting Review, 336-359

55.Cooper D.J, Sherer M.J, 1984, “The Value of Corporate Accounting Reports: Arguments for a

Political Economy of Accounting”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, 207-232

56.Arrington, C.E., Francis J.R., 1989, “Letting the Chat Out of the Bag: Deconstruction privilege

and Accounting Research”, Accounting Organization and Society, March, pp.1-28

57.Fried, D., Givoly, D., 1982, “Financial Analysts' Forecasts of Earnings: A Better Surrogate for

Market Expectations”, journal of Accounting & Economics, October, pp.85-107

58.Waterhouse J.H., Tiessen P., 1978, “A Contingency Framework for Management Accounting

Systems Research”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp.65-76

59.Ashton, R.H., 1974, “Experimental Study of Internal Control Judgment journal of accounting

Research”, 1974, pp.143-157

60.Collins D.W., Dent, W.T., 1979, “The Proposed Elimination of Full Cost Accounting in the

Extractive Petroleum Industry: An Empirical Assessment of the Market Consequences”, journal of Accounting & Economics, March, pp.3-44

61.Watts R.L., Leftwich, R.W., 1977, “The Time Series of Annual Accounting Earnings, journal of

Accounting Research”, Autumn, pp.253-271

62.Otley D.T, 1980, “The Contingency Theory of Management Accounting: Achievement and

Prognosis”, Accounting, Organizations, and Society, NO.4, 413-428

63.Hayes D.C, 1977, “The Contingency Theory of Managerial Accounting”, The Accounting Review,January, 22-39

64.Beaver, W.H.,Griffin, P.A.and Landsman, W.R., 1982, “The Incremental Information Content

of Replacement Cost Earnings”, Journal of Accounting & Economics, July, pp.15-39

65.Libby R., Lewis B.L., 1977, “Human Information Processing Research in Accounting: The State of

the Art”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp.245-268

66.Schipper W., Thompson R., 1983, “The Impact Mergers-Related Regulations on the

Shareholders of Acquiring Firms”, Journal of Accounting Research, 184-221

67.Antle, R., Smith, A., 1986, “An Empirical Investigation of the Relative Performance Evaluation of

Corporate Executives”, journal of Accounting Research, spring, pp.1-39.68.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., Penman S.H., 1976, “Disclosure Rules, Information-Production, and

Capital Market Equilibrium: The Case of Forecast Disclosure Rules”, Journal of Accounting Research, 89-137

69.Ashton, A.H.and Ashton, R.H., 1998, “Sequential Belief Revision in Auditing”, The Accounting

Review, October, pp.623-641

70.Larcker D.F, 1983, “The Association Between Performance Plan Adoption and Corporate Capital

Investment”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3-30

71.McNichols M., Wilson G.P., 1988, “Evidence of Earnings Management from the Provision for Bad

Debts”, journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-31

72.Tomkins C., Groves R., 1983, “The Everyday Accountant and Researching His Reality”,Accounting, Organizations and Society, No 4, pp361-374

73.Dye R.A, 1985, “Disclosure of Nonproprietary Information”, Journal of Accounting Research,123-145

74.Biddle, G.C.and Lindahl F.W., 1982, “Stock Price Reactions to LIFO Adoptions: The Association

Between Excess Returns and LIFO Tax Savings”, Journal of Accounting Research, 1982, pp.551-588

75.Joyce E.J., 1976, “Expert Judgment in Audit Program Planning”, journal of Accounting Research,pp.29-60

76.Kaplan R.S, 1983, “Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge for Managerial

Accounting Research”, The Accounting Review, 686-705

77.Ball R., 1972, “Changes in Accounting Techniques and Stock Prices”, journal of Accounting

Research, Supplement, pp.1-38

78.Ricks W.E, 1982, “The Market’s Response to the 1974 LIFO Adoptions”, Journal of Accounting

Research, 367-387

79.Albrecht, W.S., Lookabill L.L., McKeown, J.C., 1977, “The Time-Series Properties of Annual

Earnings”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp.226-244

80.DeAngelo L.E, 1981, “Auditor Size and Audit Quality”, Journal of Accounting and Economics,183-199

81.Merchant K.A., 1981, “The Design of the Corporate Budgeting System: Influences on Managerial

Behavioral and Performance”, The Accounting Review, October, pp.813-829

82.Penman S.H, 1980, “An Empirical Investment of the Voluntary Disclosure of Corporate Earnings

Forecasts of Earnings”, Journal of Accounting Research, 132-160

83.Simunic D., 1980, “The Pricing of Audit Services: Theory and Evidence”, Journal of Accounting

Research, 161-190

84.Waller W.S., Felix Jr.W.L., 1984, “The Auditor and Learning from Experience: Some

Conjectures”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp.383-408

85.Dyckman T.R, Smith A.J, 1979, “Financial Accounting and Reporting by Oil and Gas Producing

Companies: A Study of Information Effects”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 45-75

86.Holthausen R.W., Verrecchia R.E., 1988, “The Effect of Sequential Information Releases on the

Variance of Price Changes in an Intertemporal Multi-Asset Market”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.82-106

87.Hopwood A.G., 1978, “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study of Accounting and

Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp.3-14

88.Leftwich R.W, 1983, “Accounting Information in Private Markets: Evidence from Private Lending

Agreements”.The Accounting Review, 23-42

89.Otley D.T, 1978, “Budget Use and Managerial Performance”, Journal of Accounting Research,Spring, 122-149

90.Griffin, 1977, “The time-series Behavior of Quarterly Earnings: Preliminary Evidence”, Journal of

Accounting Research, spring, 71-83

91.Brownell P., 1982, “The Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation, Budgetary

Participation, and Organizational Effectiveness”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.12-27

92.Dhaliwal D.S, Salamon G.L, Smith E.D, 1982, “The effect of Owner Vs Management Control on

the Choice of Accounting and Economics”, 41-53

93.Hopwood A.G., 1972, “An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance

Evaluation”, journal of Accounting Research, pp.156-182

94.Foster, G., 1981, “Intra-Industry Information Transfers Associated with Earnings Releases”,journal of Accounting & Economics, December, pp.201-232

95.Chua, W.F., 1986, “Radical Developments in Accounting Thought”, The Accounting Review,October, pp601-632

96.Hughes P.J., 1986, “Signalling by Direct Disclosure Under Asymmetric Information”, journal of

Accounting & Economics, June, pp.119-142

97.Kinney W.R.Jr., 1986, “Audit Technology and Preference for Auditing Standards”, Journal of

Accounting and Economics, 73-89

98.Titman S., Trueman B., 1986, “Information Quality and the Valuation of New Issues”, journal of

Accounting& Economics, pp.159-172

99.Wilson G.P., 1986, “The Relative Information Content of Accruals and Cash Flows: Combined

Evidence at the Announcement and Annual Report Release Date”, Journal of Accounting

Research, 165-203

第二篇：會(huì)計(jì)類英文自我介紹

找工作需要轉(zhuǎn)換思考角度,認(rèn)清志向與需求,發(fā)揮特長(zhǎng)與優(yōu)勢(shì),找尋相適應(yīng)的工作,并主動(dòng)地調(diào)整自身,培育相對(duì)完善的職業(yè)素養(yǎng)。下面是寫寫幫文庫(kù)小編為大家整理的會(huì)計(jì)類英文自我介紹，僅供參考。

會(huì)計(jì)類英文自我介紹篇一：

I'm glad to introduce myself to you.My Chinese name is Ma Lin, but you can call me Rock, my English name.I chose Rock to be my English name because I want to be as tough as a rock, hehe.I was born and raised in Guangdong, so I speak both Cantonese and Mandarin.I'll soon graduate from Zhongshan University, majoring in accounting.I think you may have interviewed quite a lot of students from our school, so you know this major prepares us for CGA and most courses are taught in English.My GPA is 3.6, it ranks number 9 in the 115 students in my grade.And I've passed 15 exams in CGA, I anticipate I will get the CGA qualification in 2009.Besides having good academic performance, I was actively involved in student activities.I was in charge of Student Welfare(生活委員)in my class, and in the Student union of our school.I enjoyed this position because what I did was very important to everybody, although it was mostly small details.I had a three-month internship in Guangdong Zhengzhong Accounting Firm.I did the inventory check and helped the accountants to make the auditing reports.My boss was pleased with my performance and he asked me to recommend my classmate to join our team.KPMG is my dream company.What’s more, I have great interest in joining the Tax Department as my long term career goal is to be a tax consultant.I wish my dream could come true today.Thank you!

會(huì)計(jì)類英文自我介紹篇二：

hello, my professors.it’s a fine day today,and i’m very pleased to meet you here.first of all,i’d like to introduce myself to you.my name is ***,my hometown is ***,which is a really beautiful city.even when i was a young boy,i was very interested in accounting.every one may have a dream,and i still remember that my dream is to be a accountant.still today i think that interest is the best teacher in one’s whole life(and knowledge comes from practice).second, i will introduce my major.my major is accounting in *** university.and my major,which lays more stress on practical use, seems to be at the end of it.when both of them interact well enough,the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern industry.four years’ university education gives me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,and a lot of practices to improve myself.it teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability(such as doing expriment as much as possible).in the university life,i have made many good friends.they help me improve my study and research ability, do ererything just like a man,and often give me good example to follow.besides what i have introduced myself above,i also have many interests in my spare time.i like playing football,which is an effective way i think to improve my body health,and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other people.drawing and writing is another favor to me.above all,i choose the major in order to broad my view in accounting ,and enhance my research ability.i will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.會(huì)計(jì)類英文自我介紹篇三：

My name am ﹡﹡? my specialty was the Accounting, the undergraduate course school record, university four years I already is smooth through the English four levels of tests, has obtained accountant the computerization and accountant is employed the credentials, studied diligently about financial each discipline, could utilize the computer skilled, in university period participated in the student association, had the strong communication ability and the power of expression, the work is diligently earnest, also strong learning capability and compatibility, positive enterprising, strove to get the upper hand

會(huì)計(jì)類英文自我介紹

第三篇：英文文獻(xiàn)

民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)研究

本文轉(zhuǎn)自淺論天下

民營(yíng)企業(yè)是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的重要力量。但許多民營(yíng)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理上存在一個(gè)共同的問(wèn)題，即忽視企業(yè)文化建設(shè)，缺乏優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)文化。21世紀(jì)的企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將突出地體現(xiàn)在企業(yè)文化力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上，企業(yè)文化管理將是繼經(jīng)驗(yàn)管理和科學(xué)管理之后的一種新的管理方式。在文化管理日益受到重視的今天，民營(yíng)企業(yè)必須加強(qiáng)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)，以此改善經(jīng)營(yíng)管理，為企業(yè)的發(fā)展提供持久的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力。民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化的發(fā)展有一個(gè)歷史的過(guò)程，形成了民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化多樣的特征。本文總結(jié)了民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)目前民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)存在的誤區(qū)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文提出了民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)原則、方向、方法和相應(yīng)措施，并對(duì)如何培育有特色的民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。最后，以正泰集團(tuán)為例，進(jìn)行了民營(yíng)企業(yè)文化建設(shè)的案例分析。

Private-owned enterprises are very important force in our country“s economic construction.However, there is a common issue existing in many private-owned enterprises in their business administration that is they neglect the enterprise culture construction and lack of excellent enterprise culture.The competitions of enterprise in 21st century will highlight in competition of culture strength.The enterprise culture management will become a new management way after the management way of experience and science.The private-owned enterprises must strengthen culture construction so as to improve business administration and provide permanent internal impetus for the development of enterprises.The development of the private-owned enterprise”s culture has a historical process and forms a diversiform character.The article sums up the actuality of the Private-owned enterprise“s culture construction and provides detailed analysis for mistakes in the private-owned enterprise”s culture construction at present.On the basis of it, the article put forwards the instructional principia, direction, method and corresponding measure for the private-owned enterprise“s culture construction and provides the corresponding suggestion for how to develop the private-owned enterprise”s culture that has distinguished features.According to the case of Zhengtai Company, this article also gives empirical analysis of the enterprise culture construction.本文轉(zhuǎn)自淺論天下

第四篇：英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯（模版）

在回顧D和H的文章時(shí)，我愿意第一個(gè)去單獨(dú)地討論每一篇，然后發(fā)表一些總體的觀點(diǎn)。

在他的論文中，D系統(tǒng)地發(fā)表了一個(gè)隱形的問(wèn)題的分析和當(dāng)前在教育研究中的兩難問(wèn)題。他提出了幾個(gè)含蓄的假設(shè)需要被提問(wèn)，嚴(yán)重地甚至通過(guò)定量的和定型的研究者，就像政策的提出者。

在這些假設(shè)中，其中一個(gè)是關(guān)于推論創(chuàng)新的項(xiàng)目的原因。D的總體結(jié)論是我們做改革因?yàn)樗麄冇杏杏玫恼魏徒?jīng)濟(jì)的末端。不幸運(yùn)地是，它看起來(lái)很多的項(xiàng)目都被做了因?yàn)榇_實(shí)是D提出來(lái)的原因。

另一個(gè)提出的觀點(diǎn)與被學(xué)習(xí)變量有關(guān)。在討論他的第三章中，D提出了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，研究需要利用很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，比半年和一年的在校時(shí)間還要長(zhǎng)。正如第三章，他指出，這個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的等級(jí)觀點(diǎn)是因?yàn)榫薮蟮淖兓４罅康淖兞啃枰豢紤]進(jìn)去在下一代被提出之前，或者有龐大地例子在傳統(tǒng)的例子被改革之前。

在最近幾年，研究者已經(jīng)使用不同的變量，例如盟約。更多的這些是“天資與勤奮相互作用。”然而，僅僅設(shè)定了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變量。在第三章中的一個(gè)暗示是，我們需要去看多種變量就像我們?nèi)タ搭A(yù)測(cè)的變量。每一個(gè)個(gè)體的支出都與確定的協(xié)變量緊密相關(guān)。另外，多種的支出在不同的聯(lián)系當(dāng)中將會(huì)代表其他的變量需要去學(xué)習(xí)。這個(gè)提出了一些問(wèn)題:。足夠的數(shù)據(jù)分析工具是為了這些分析嗎？他對(duì)一些簡(jiǎn)單的單一變量有什么作用呢？

同等重要的是。我們需要停止與那些舊的變量保持聯(lián)系在一些教育的研究當(dāng)中。并且這些研究沒(méi)有表明新的關(guān)系。也許通過(guò)定量研究方法和新的理論的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們能辨別一些新的變量。當(dāng)我們?nèi)ヮA(yù)測(cè)這些方法的時(shí)候，將會(huì)有新的理解。除此之外，D建議，大多數(shù)創(chuàng)新不能使它成為過(guò)去的一點(diǎn)。這一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明。是否在一個(gè)控制變量的因素當(dāng)中，有一個(gè)改變。二是在支出中的變量，我自己的研究暗示表明大多數(shù)的研究實(shí)際上不使它成為一點(diǎn)，例如在一項(xiàng)估計(jì)的研究當(dāng)中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)百分之四十九的老師被叫做控制組在創(chuàng)新當(dāng)中，當(dāng)百分之八十四的老師在訓(xùn)練組正在使用它。依靠是否對(duì)控制組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組的數(shù)據(jù)分析?；蛘呤褂谜吆筒皇褂谜叩臄?shù)據(jù)分析。支出是完全不同的。針對(duì)粒子的設(shè)計(jì)是不充足的情況，我們需要對(duì)暗示是否出現(xiàn)做一個(gè)明顯的檢查。

最后，我建議Dawson的文章需要另外一章。我知道來(lái)自研究的所有產(chǎn)量在第九章里不是一個(gè)相同的尺碼。一些攜帶了大量的重量來(lái)解釋更多的變化比起其他。在教室里的老師，例如，占據(jù)了大多數(shù)的變量與地位和因素的影響有關(guān)。另外一章將會(huì)展現(xiàn)不同的變量去反應(yīng)一些關(guān)于變量是怎樣相互作用的知識(shí)。

根據(jù)H的文章，我得到了大量有幫助的思想，我有幾個(gè)想發(fā)表的觀點(diǎn)。其中一個(gè)最重要的和令人興奮的觀點(diǎn)是給每一個(gè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)全職工作者。這是一條來(lái)自最短的報(bào)道評(píng)估設(shè)計(jì)，他提供了一個(gè)去得到另外一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的機(jī)會(huì)。H描述的策略是為了選擇和訓(xùn)練這些領(lǐng)域的工人聽起來(lái)很受影響，尤其是關(guān)于前所未有的領(lǐng)域的關(guān)于他們角色的一個(gè)有能力的設(shè)施。

然而，我是帶著不舒服去嘗試制作領(lǐng)域的工人不引人注目，通過(guò)不允許他們?cè)谡趯W(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域里辦演。正如H的文件，最后的結(jié)果是任何事情除了不引人注目。如果他們已經(jīng)參與到觀測(cè)，看起來(lái)將會(huì)更少引人注目和驚訝，在當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)里扮演著一個(gè)暫時(shí)的角色。

它也會(huì)出現(xiàn)失敗，那就是在主題背后會(huì)增加領(lǐng)域內(nèi)工作人員和客戶的困難。鑒于研究的長(zhǎng)度和廣度，確定必要的信息去面對(duì)主題。幾乎任何數(shù)據(jù)至少給出客戶一種客戶系統(tǒng)，那就是正在被收集的數(shù)據(jù)各種數(shù)據(jù)，去幫助更多在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的信譽(yù)和研究本身。

H的建議，學(xué)校文化的“客戶”被用來(lái)作為領(lǐng)域的工作者是有趣的。我懷疑，盡管“客戶”需要來(lái)自美洲的去被招聘，來(lái)自這個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)校與美國(guó)的不同。教育領(lǐng)域之外的美國(guó)人不適應(yīng)于有根據(jù)的，或者很少了解美國(guó)的學(xué)校比起教育家。知道“顧客”是否做是有益的，實(shí)際上，與那些被訓(xùn)練的教育家不同的是，他們收集的數(shù)據(jù)。

H非常強(qiáng)調(diào)合同研究的問(wèn)題,。我注意到我們已經(jīng)完全陷入到研究當(dāng)中，通過(guò)不斷地改變權(quán)力項(xiàng)目地實(shí)施產(chǎn)品的需求的經(jīng)歷，還有做了的網(wǎng)站評(píng)論，還有不斷的不確定支出。這是合同研究專利的事實(shí)之一，而且不是質(zhì)性研究方法的唯一。

根據(jù)這些文章我將有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。首先，如果D是正確的，對(duì)于支出的復(fù)雜性而言，還有就是當(dāng)遇到兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的分析。多種多樣的質(zhì)性設(shè)計(jì)在目標(biāo)上h正確的.。一方面。如果D是正確的話這個(gè)有意義的改變?cè)谑杖牒椭С龅淖兞恐虚g是不一樣的,我們將學(xué)校在傳統(tǒng)的形勢(shì)下,他能進(jìn)入更加有益的改變,然后整個(gè)事實(shí)在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校項(xiàng)目當(dāng)中有一個(gè)大的嘗試，并且在這個(gè)嘗試當(dāng)中有一個(gè)小的改變,可能不是一個(gè)好的投資。

第二，h的整個(gè)項(xiàng)目案例在抵御政治上的需要，為了一個(gè)更快的榮譽(yù)。d的文章和h的工作建議，我們需要去追求更長(zhǎng)的研究，然而，但是在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)的壓力下會(huì)得到更加真實(shí)，并且每一個(gè)資金都會(huì)與那些被選擇的少于批評(píng)的有關(guān)系。并且在一些長(zhǎng)期的研究過(guò)程中需要一個(gè)穩(wěn)定。這兩個(gè)作者都認(rèn)為。我懷疑，我們有一些政府的問(wèn)題需要解決，如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題是為什么做這個(gè)演示的項(xiàng)目呢，需要一個(gè)積極的答案。

第五篇：英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

2.2 影響SO3濃度的過(guò)程因素

一直減少的體積流量和引入的富氧燃燒過(guò)程的煙氣循環(huán)增加了煙氣中SO3的濃度。例如Ochs等人計(jì)算的SO2濃度從空氣燃燒條件中的200ppm增加到富氧燃燒條件中900ppm，Kakaras等人估算的以褐煤為基礎(chǔ)時(shí)模型由空氣到O2/CO2（有循環(huán)的）時(shí)，SO2濃度從270ppm增加到到800ppm。

試驗(yàn)結(jié)果說(shuō)明雖然實(shí)際中SO2的濃度依賴于很多的因素（概括在表4中），但是從空氣燃燒到富氧燃燒SO2的濃度增加2-4倍。對(duì)于同一個(gè)研究中濕煙氣循環(huán)（沒(méi)有凝結(jié)水）已經(jīng)表明它比干煙氣循環(huán)（在循環(huán)之前使水凝結(jié)）的SO2的濃度的高。

表4 富氧燃燒條件下影響熔爐中SO2濃度的因素

變量控制因素相關(guān)結(jié)果

燃料中硫煤的質(zhì)量

礦物質(zhì)煤/灰分的質(zhì)量

理論配比需煤的質(zhì)量

求的氧氣量

（燃料/O2比率）

過(guò)量O2，火焰的控制

階級(jí)風(fēng)/燃盡風(fēng)

氧濃度火焰的控制

煙氣循環(huán)的比率火焰的控制

一次風(fēng)/二次風(fēng)

送風(fēng)量，速度的型線

煙氣的雜質(zhì)（空氣分離單元，不

O2,N2,Ar,H2O）控制的空氣入口

酸露點(diǎn)熱量傳遞的控制灰分的化學(xué)成分，SO3/SO2的轉(zhuǎn)化，H2SO4的轉(zhuǎn)化 飛灰中Na,K,Ca,Mg傾向于形成硫酸鹽從而減少SO2的濃度。在飛灰中硫的捕獲率依賴于數(shù)量，微粒粒徑，金屬氧化物在灰分中的形成和分布。更高濃度的水分和灰分使燃料/O2的比值更小。S的生成物H2S和COS在還原氣氛中間斷的形成，焦炭的燃盡影響影響整個(gè)燃料中硫元素的轉(zhuǎn)化。碳的燃盡，火焰的溫度，傳遞給鍋爐的輻射熱。通過(guò)燃燒器的煙氣流體積的改變，稀釋/SO2的循環(huán)。通過(guò)燃燒器的氣體流體積發(fā)生改變，SO2稀釋 在煙氣酸露點(diǎn)下運(yùn)行的熱量交換單元將會(huì)導(dǎo)致H2SO4的沉

積而引起腐蝕的問(wèn)題。在富氧燃燒條件下，特定的煙氣溫度

將發(fā)生改變，SO3和H2O的濃度也將隨著改變。