第一篇：2013浙大遠(yuǎn)程英語(yǔ)離線作業(yè)答案

浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院

《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)答案（1）

My Favorite Sport我喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)

Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball.It’s part of my life.I began to play basketball in my childhood.I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school.Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport—playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger.I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life.When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed.If there were worries and cares from daily life, I went to the sports ground.There everything went away except basketball.It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood.1.李萍的父親從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直做英語(yǔ)教師。

Li Ping’s father has been an English teacher since he graduated from Peking University.2.中國(guó)西部地區(qū)有許多珍貴的資源有待開(kāi)發(fā)和利用。

Many valuable resources in China’s west area are to be exploited and used.3.大多數(shù)植物都喜歡水和陽(yáng)光

Most of the plants like water and sunshine.4.我的醫(yī)生建議我上床睡覺(jué)前寫(xiě)下所有擔(dān)憂、想法與問(wèn)題。

My doctor advised that I write down any worries, thoughts or questions before I go to bed.5.我們中的大多數(shù)人每天之中安排一刻鐘或半小時(shí)進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)具體的常規(guī)性活動(dòng)是可行的。Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity.《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)答案（2）

Everybody has his dream for his career in the future.He or she might want to be a teacher, a doctor, a scientist, a sportsperson and so on.To tell you the truth, my ideal job is in business.The idea came into being when I was a child、With the development of market economy, there are many prosperous opportunities in business.I like reading stories about some successful businessmen such as Bill Gates, Li Jiacheng, etc、I believe I will be a man like them some day.Now, I am majoring in Computer.I must study hard to get myself qualified for my future job.1.紙張是人類發(fā)明的最重要的產(chǎn)品之一。

Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.2.請(qǐng)把這本書(shū)給最先來(lái)的人。

Please give this book to whoever comes first.3.半導(dǎo)體芯片體積小而且重量輕。

Semiconductor chips are small in size and light in weight.4.你投入英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間越多，可能取得的進(jìn)步就越大。

The greater amount of time you spent learning English, the greater progress you are likely to

make.6.有些人對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村事物不感興趣。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，快樂(lè)存在于城鎮(zhèn)及其電影院、商店、舞廳、餐廳等場(chǎng)所。

Some people take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas, shops, dance halls and restaurants.《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)答案（3）

The Computer電腦

The computer is fast, and rarely makes a mistake, while people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes.That's what people often say when they talk about computers.For over a quarter of a century, engineers have been making better and better computers.Now a computer can do a lot of everyday work wonderfully.It is widely used in factories, hospitals, banks and universities.A computer can report, decide and control in almost every field.Many computer scientists are now thinking of making the computer “think” like a man.With the help of a person, a computer can draw pictures, compose music, talk with people, play chess, recognize voices, and translate and so on.Perhaps computers will one day really think and feel.Do you think people will be afraid when they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and serve them?

1.我相信我們會(huì)很開(kāi)心的。I'm sure we'll have a good time.2.我明天這時(shí)候在圖書(shū)館等你。I'll be waiting for you at the library this time tomorrow.3.他們坐在公園里打撲克。They were sitting in the park, playing cards.4.我在盼望你對(duì)中國(guó)的訪問(wèn)。I'm looking forward to your visit to China.5.你認(rèn)為你自己可以單獨(dú)干完這件事嗎? Do you think you can do it by yourself?

《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)答案（4）

My Family我的家庭

Everyone has a family.We live in it and feel very warm.There are three persons in my family, my mother, my father and I.We live together very happily and there are many interesting stories about my family.My father is a hard-working man.He works as a doctor.He always tries his best to help every patient and make patients comfortable.But sometimes he works so hard that he can't remember the date.My mother is a woman with a bad memory.She always does a lot of housework, but sometimes she makes mistakes out of carelessness.You see, what an interesting family I have!I hope that you have a happy family, too.1.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的談話使我感到疲倦。Talking for a long time makes me tired.2．他現(xiàn)在愈長(zhǎng)愈像他的父親 He's growing more like his father now.3.上周日你與你的朋友去釣魚(yú)了？you go fishing with your friends last Sunday?

4．我沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)你對(duì)他說(shuō)的是什么.I didn't hear what you said to him.5．中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。China is the largest developing country in the world.《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)答案（5）

Wealth and Health 財(cái)富與健康

As a joke goes, the young try to accumulate wealth by sacrificing their health while the old are desperate to restore health by wealth they have owned.The fast-paced modern society places its members in a dilemma: if one wants to possess great wealth, he will have to keep busy all the time, which would always endanger his health.Wealth seems to be too attractive to resist, for the industrialized society prices almost everything that one needs to survive.Health, however, cannot be earned in the way wealth is obtained but can only be consumed.Once health is neglected, it can be hardly regained in the future.Therefore, the question of wealth and health should attract great attention from the public so that they might make the balance.1.Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder.北京奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)使得中國(guó)人民更加努力工作。

2．I'm very much eager to improve my oral English.我非?？释倪M(jìn)我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。

3． Do you think students should do a part-time job?

你認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該業(yè)余打工嗎？

4． He is a worldwide famous scientist.他是一位世界著名的科學(xué)家。

5． Wisdom is much more important than knowledge.智慧比知識(shí)重要得多。

《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)答案（6）

Which Means of Transportation do You Prefer?你選擇哪種交通方式？

In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green” form of transportation.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.1.We must read as much as possible to enlarge our vocabulary.我們必須盡可能多的閱讀以擴(kuò)大我們的詞匯量。

2.He was very happy to hear from his old friend.他很高興收到他的老朋友的信。

3．He lives in a small room with only one small window.他住在一間只有一個(gè)小窗戶的小房間里。

4．A friend of mine from high school is working in England now.我高中的一個(gè)朋友目前在英格蘭工作。

5．The doctor told me to have more water.醫(yī)生讓我多喝些水。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)離線作業(yè)浙大遠(yuǎn)程

浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院

《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)（5）

姓名：

年級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)： 學(xué)習(xí)中心：

————————————————————————————— 作文：建議你在30分鐘內(nèi)，根據(jù)下面所給的題目用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出一篇不少于80字的短文。

Which is more important, Health or Wealth?

1.介紹你對(duì)健康與財(cái)富之間關(guān)系的看法；

2.簡(jiǎn)述你持有以上看法的理由。

Wealth and Health 財(cái)富與健康

As a joke goes, the young try to accumulate wealth by sacrificing their health while the old are desperate to restore health by wealth they have owned.The fast-paced modern society places its members in a dilemma: if one wants to possess great wealth, he will have to keep busy all the time, which would always endanger his health.Wealth seems to be too attractive to resist, for the industrialized society prices almost everything that one needs to survive.Health, however, cannot be earned in the way wealth is obtained but can only be consumed.Once health is neglected, it can be hardly regained in the future.Therefore, the question of wealth and health should attract great attention from the public so that they might make the balance.翻譯：請(qǐng)將下邊的句子翻譯成中文。

1.Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder.北京奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)使得中國(guó)人民更加努力工作。

2．I'm very much eager to improve my oral English.我非?？释岣呶业挠⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。

3．Do you think students should do a part-time job?

你認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該業(yè)余打工嗎？

4．He is a worldwide famous scientist.他是一位世界著名的科學(xué)家。

5．Wisdom is much more important than knowledge.智慧比知識(shí)更重要。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)離線作業(yè)浙大遠(yuǎn)程

浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院

《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)（4）

姓名：

年級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)： 學(xué)習(xí)中心：

————————————————————————————— 翻譯：請(qǐng)將下邊的句子翻譯成中文。

1.Talking for a long time makes me tired.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的談話使我感到疲倦。

2．He's growing more like his father now.他現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)的越來(lái)越像他的父親。

3.Did you go fishing with your friends last Sunday?

上周日你與你的朋友去釣魚(yú)了？

4．I didn't hear what you said to him.我沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)你對(duì)他說(shuō)的是什么.5．China is the largest developing country in the world.中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

作文：建議你在30分鐘內(nèi)，根據(jù)下面所給的題目用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出一篇不少于80字的短文。

My Family 我的家庭

1.介紹家庭主要成員；

2.描述令你難忘的家庭活動(dòng)。

My Family我的家庭

Everyone has a family.We live in it and feel very warm.There are three persons in my family, my mother, my father and I.We live together very happily and there are many interesting stories about my family.My father is a hard-working man.He works as a doctor.He always tries his best to help every patient and make patients comfortable.But sometimes he works so hard that he can't remember the date.My mother is a woman with a bad memory.She always does a lot of housework, but sometimes she makes mistakes out of carelessness.You see, what an interesting family I have!I hope that you have a happy family, too.

第四篇：英語(yǔ)離線作業(yè)(浙大遠(yuǎn)程2013年秋)

浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院

《英語(yǔ)（1）》課程作業(yè)（5）

姓名：

年級(jí)：2013年秋學(xué)習(xí)中心：學(xué)習(xí)中心

————————————————————————————— 作文：建議你在30分鐘內(nèi)，根據(jù)下面所給的題目用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出一篇不少于80字的短文。

Which is more important, Health or Wealth?

1.介紹你對(duì)健康與財(cái)富之間關(guān)系的看法；

2.簡(jiǎn)述你持有以上看法的理由。

Which is more important, wealth or health?

Which is more important, Health or Wealth?It is a meaningless topic.Most people favour the view that health is more important.But some stupid people insist that wealth plays a more important role.They sustain the advantages asfollows.For one thing, wealthy people will be able to buy more healthy foods.For another, they can enjoy better facilities to improve their health.In my view, no one agrees that a wealthy person without good health can be happy.Once health is lost, it is no use having a lot of money.So plesse do notachieve your happiness and comfort at the cost of their health.翻譯：請(qǐng)將下邊的句子翻譯成中文。

1.Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder.北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)能讓中國(guó)人更加努力工作。

2．I'm very much eager to improve my oral English.我非常急切的想要提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。

3．Do you think students should do a part-time job?

你認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該做兼職嗎？

4．He is a worldwide famous scientist.他是一個(gè)世界知名的科學(xué)家。

5．Wisdom is much more important than knowledge.智慧比知識(shí)更重要。

第五篇：浙大遠(yuǎn)程工程管理專題離線作業(yè)

浙江大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院考查課

《工程管理專題》讀書(shū)報(bào)告

姓名： 年級(jí)： 陳亞娟

2012春

學(xué)

號(hào)： 學(xué)習(xí)中心：

712116324002

蘇州學(xué)習(xí)中心

—————————————————————————————

（考查課程大作業(yè)均由教師批閱，發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容雷同或抄襲一律按0分計(jì)）

課程考核方式：考查，網(wǎng)上遞交讀書(shū)報(bào)告

具體要求：

1、完成一篇讀書(shū)報(bào)告，讀書(shū)報(bào)告需與本課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容相關(guān)。

2、報(bào)告至少3000個(gè)字，參考文獻(xiàn)至少5 篇，文章末尾必須附參考文獻(xiàn)目錄。

3、報(bào)告以word2003版本形式保存，完成后在“平時(shí)作業(yè)”欄目上傳。

————————————————————————————— 正文：

工程項(xiàng)目管理的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題及對(duì)應(yīng)控制措施

摘要：工程項(xiàng)目管理是建筑企業(yè)管理的基礎(chǔ)和重要組成部分，工程項(xiàng)目管理的好壞直接影響著項(xiàng)目總目標(biāo)的能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，甚至決定企業(yè)的成敗。因此，努力提高項(xiàng)目管理水平尤為重要。本文從工程質(zhì)量、工程造價(jià)、工程進(jìn)度、工程安全等方面對(duì)工程項(xiàng)目管理進(jìn)行闡述，表述各環(huán)節(jié)在實(shí)際管理中?，F(xiàn)問(wèn)題及采取的對(duì)應(yīng)有效控制措施。

關(guān)鍵字：工程項(xiàng)目、項(xiàng)目管理、施工組織、控制措施

工程項(xiàng)目管理是一個(gè)復(fù)雜、艱巨的系統(tǒng)工程，涉及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、投資、合同、進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量、人員等多方面的工作，涉及勘探、設(shè)計(jì)、監(jiān)理、施工、設(shè)備、物資、運(yùn)營(yíng)等部門和單位，在建筑市場(chǎng)逐漸完善、不斷發(fā)展、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈，利潤(rùn)空間不斷被壓縮的當(dāng)下，建筑企業(yè)如何以工程項(xiàng)目管理為中心，提高工程質(zhì)量，保證施工進(jìn)度，降低工程成本，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，保障作業(yè)安全，這是事關(guān)建筑施工企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。

工程質(zhì)量管控，工程質(zhì)量關(guān)系到建筑的美觀與使用，更有甚者會(huì)影響使用者的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，因此必須對(duì)建筑工程質(zhì)量進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的管理和控制。近年來(lái)，建筑工程施工質(zhì)量總體來(lái)講有了顯著提高，施工質(zhì)量管理方面也越來(lái)越系統(tǒng)全面。然而不可避免的，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的建筑工程施工質(zhì)量管理還存在很多問(wèn)題，不能完全達(dá)到所有人的要求，盡管現(xiàn)行法規(guī)條文有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，但是在實(shí)際施工操作中的執(zhí)行力度不夠。這樣的問(wèn)題體現(xiàn)在工程肢解分包、施工執(zhí)行監(jiān)管力度不足及工程管理、施工人員質(zhì)量意識(shí)淡薄等方面。首先是分包現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)前普遍存在分包現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，很多大型建筑施工單位在承包一項(xiàng)合作項(xiàng)目時(shí)，通常會(huì)層層肢解項(xiàng)目，緊接著會(huì)將項(xiàng)目層層分包給其他小的建筑單位，導(dǎo)致大型施工單位根本只是代理承包的中間人而已，而小的建筑單位通常不能保障施工質(zhì)量要求。其次是施工執(zhí)行監(jiān)管力度不夠，很多施工沒(méi)有按照設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范和要求進(jìn)行，有些施工隊(duì)伍會(huì)根據(jù)自己的施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行偷工減料，再加上監(jiān)理、發(fā)包單位工程師監(jiān)管不力，工程質(zhì)量難以保障。另外，工程管理、施工人員質(zhì)量意識(shí)有待加強(qiáng)。針對(duì)上述存在的問(wèn)題，政府應(yīng)從制度上加強(qiáng)管制，當(dāng)?shù)卣桶l(fā)包方應(yīng)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管，對(duì)違法分包的單位進(jìn)行懲處，取締；對(duì)監(jiān)理單位、發(fā)包方工程師建立崗位考核制度，敦促其現(xiàn)場(chǎng)嚴(yán)格把關(guān)和監(jiān)管；全面提升工程質(zhì)量意識(shí)，建筑工程質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣，通常是由項(xiàng)目全體人員質(zhì)量意識(shí)來(lái)反映的。質(zhì)量意識(shí)高，有利于保障建筑工程的施工質(zhì)量，有利于加強(qiáng)建筑施工質(zhì)量管理。全面提高建筑工程質(zhì)量管理水平，必須從思想上充分認(rèn)識(shí)質(zhì)量意識(shí)的必要性，加強(qiáng)建筑施工單位的思想認(rèn)識(shí)，然后再通過(guò)施工人員的質(zhì)量控制會(huì)議，來(lái)提高施工人員的整體意識(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其質(zhì)量責(zé)任感。毋庸置疑，建筑工程的質(zhì)量涉及到眾多因素的影響，我們必須從設(shè)計(jì)到施工整體過(guò)程進(jìn)行把握，抓住施工過(guò)程中的重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)施工質(zhì)量意識(shí)，才能把工程質(zhì)量提升到全新的水平。

工程安全管控，工程安全問(wèn)題越來(lái)越引起社會(huì)的重視，一起工程事故輕則可能導(dǎo)致工程項(xiàng)目停工、延緩，重則將導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目流產(chǎn)甚至給企業(yè)帶來(lái)沉重的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，有些企業(yè)為了中標(biāo)，壓低報(bào)價(jià)，用于安全生產(chǎn)的必要設(shè)備、器材、工具等無(wú)力購(gòu)置，但為了獲取利潤(rùn)，于是能省則?。涣硗?，施工工期太短，施工單位為了趕工期搶進(jìn)度無(wú)法顧及安全，導(dǎo)致施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)十分混亂。施工企業(yè)在目前建筑市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的情況下，承接項(xiàng)目必須考慮企業(yè)自身承受能力，確保安全管理費(fèi)用的投入。目前，工程項(xiàng)目管理中安全問(wèn)題主要包括項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人重視程度不夠、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)人員素質(zhì)較低以及非法勞工問(wèn)題。首先項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人的安全意識(shí)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)，盡管工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)都貼滿了安全標(biāo)語(yǔ)，但真正能落到實(shí)處的并不多，效果更是不盡如人意。項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人的素質(zhì)和安全知識(shí)應(yīng)有待加強(qiáng)，并將安全工作安排到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作中，安全會(huì)議、安全培訓(xùn)應(yīng)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，按照相關(guān)法律法規(guī)要求，從事建筑工程相關(guān)工作的施工人員必須購(gòu)買相關(guān)保險(xiǎn)，用以保障其安全。工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)一線作業(yè)人員很多都是農(nóng)民工，其安全意識(shí)很淡薄，同時(shí)，施工企業(yè)招入大部分非法勞工之后，并沒(méi)有對(duì)他們進(jìn)行安全教育，反而在最危險(xiǎn)的施工中，農(nóng)民工是首當(dāng)其沖的。由于無(wú)相關(guān)培訓(xùn)，農(nóng)民工的安全質(zhì)量意識(shí)落后，出現(xiàn)事故的幾率往往會(huì)大幅提高，嚴(yán)重制約著建筑施工安全管理和發(fā)展。工程開(kāi)工前和施工過(guò)程中應(yīng)定期舉辦安全知識(shí)宣傳，普及安全常識(shí)，提高一線作業(yè)人員的安全意識(shí)和處理突發(fā)事件的應(yīng)變能力。只有工程安全得以保障，工程項(xiàng)目才能順利開(kāi)展。

工程進(jìn)度管控，工程進(jìn)度問(wèn)題易出現(xiàn)兩種極端，一種是工程項(xiàng)目提倡質(zhì)量第一，很多施工企業(yè)因?yàn)樽非蟆熬饭こ獭?、“形象工程”?duì)工程進(jìn)度不夠重視，導(dǎo)致很多工程延期；還有就是，現(xiàn)在工程項(xiàng)目，尤其是工業(yè)廠房建設(shè)，因?yàn)閾屨际袌?chǎng)的時(shí)間緊迫，導(dǎo)致工期壓縮得非常緊張，在實(shí)際施工中，搶工，不按正常施工工序和周期安排現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)的情況大為存在，在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施初期編制了施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，而在實(shí)施過(guò)程中很多不能嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行，其中除施工企業(yè)自身管理的缺陷，還有現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程變更、追加造成的影響，并且，在施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編排初期，編制人員水平的限制及對(duì)項(xiàng)目整體施工內(nèi)容、變更、追加工程量的預(yù)估不合理，從而在進(jìn)度時(shí)間上安排的不恰當(dāng)都導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度不受控制。針對(duì)上述現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)從項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃編制著手，一個(gè)好的完善的計(jì)劃必定能夠幫助我們更快更有效的確定行動(dòng)方向，從而能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，計(jì)劃編制應(yīng)圍繞項(xiàng)目總目標(biāo)進(jìn)行確定，對(duì)于緊迫的工程，工期應(yīng)適當(dāng)控制，但必須嚴(yán)格按照施工工序和要求的施工周期進(jìn)行編排，切勿為了搶工期，忽略工程質(zhì)量，最后導(dǎo)致返工，本末倒置，耽誤總目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

工程造價(jià)管控，工程項(xiàng)目的順利實(shí)施建立在一定資本基礎(chǔ)之上，在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的過(guò)程中，如何合理有效利用項(xiàng)目資金，避免資金流失至關(guān)重要，其中，關(guān)系重大的招標(biāo)與投標(biāo)管理尤為重要。在業(yè)界，投標(biāo)方通常通過(guò)以下幾種技巧提高中標(biāo)率的同時(shí)又提高自己的收益，作為項(xiàng)目造價(jià)管控，就應(yīng)想方設(shè)法進(jìn)行規(guī)避：第一種是不平衡報(bào)價(jià)，這種投標(biāo)技巧是在總價(jià)確定的基礎(chǔ)上，調(diào)整各子項(xiàng)報(bào)價(jià)。例如前期工程報(bào)高價(jià)，后期工程報(bào)低價(jià)，這是一種提高現(xiàn)金流轉(zhuǎn)的方法。還有對(duì)標(biāo)的進(jìn)行分析，覺(jué)得工程量可能增加的項(xiàng)目，單價(jià)提高。工程量可能減少的項(xiàng)目，單價(jià)降低。如果圖紙中內(nèi)容不明確或錯(cuò)誤，估計(jì)修改后工程量增加，單價(jià)提高。內(nèi)容不明確的單價(jià)可降低。沒(méi)有工程量而只報(bào)單價(jià)項(xiàng)目單價(jià)提高。暫定項(xiàng)目但實(shí)施可能性大的項(xiàng)目可報(bào)高價(jià)。針對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)行造價(jià)管控的人員必須有較強(qiáng)的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)，將圖紙內(nèi)容全面、詳盡地在清單中體現(xiàn)，開(kāi)標(biāo)議價(jià)時(shí)，不僅比較投標(biāo)總價(jià)，對(duì)不合理的子項(xiàng)高價(jià)和低價(jià)提出質(zhì)疑，要求投標(biāo)單位給予解釋。項(xiàng)目施工過(guò)程中，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行清單內(nèi)容，對(duì)簽證變更工程量嚴(yán)格控制，工程付款保持一定的節(jié)奏，有利于控制投標(biāo)方。第二種是零星用工（計(jì)日工）報(bào)高價(jià)，一般可以稍高，因?yàn)榱阈怯霉げ粚儆诔邪們r(jià)范圍，發(fā)生時(shí)實(shí)報(bào)實(shí)銷，也可多獲利。針對(duì)該情況，對(duì)于不合理的、偏離市場(chǎng)價(jià)較高的計(jì)日工報(bào)價(jià)應(yīng)予以拒絕，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程師對(duì)于零星用工量應(yīng)嚴(yán)格把控。第三種是多方案報(bào)價(jià)，如果投標(biāo)方覺(jué)得合同定得太嚴(yán)苛，則提出兩個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)，如果業(yè)主可以修改合同中的某些條款，則總價(jià)大大降低，而修改的條款就是他們認(rèn)為技術(shù)不過(guò)關(guān)或資金占用太多的條款，針對(duì)這種情況，招標(biāo)時(shí)候應(yīng)盡量統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，避免多方案報(bào)價(jià)的提出，當(dāng)然，有時(shí)候多方案報(bào)價(jià)也會(huì)使雙方能夠達(dá)到共贏的局面。為了達(dá)到有效控制工程造價(jià)的目的，還得對(duì)合同里的內(nèi)容心中有數(shù)，比如什么時(shí)候付款，什么時(shí)候交工，什么時(shí)候開(kāi)工，違約或者其他問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候怎么解決糾紛等，包括合同文件及優(yōu)先解釋順序，施工合同中價(jià)款及其支付問(wèn)題，工程中的分包、轉(zhuǎn)包和掛靠問(wèn)題，工程中的帶資與墊資的問(wèn)題，工程中的先受償權(quán)問(wèn)題等。

綜上所述，建筑工程項(xiàng)目的管理是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程，只有各方通力合作，切實(shí)加強(qiáng)建筑工程質(zhì)量管理、成本管理、進(jìn)度管理和安全管理，才能保證建筑工程項(xiàng)目的順利實(shí)施,為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

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