第一篇：2014美聯(lián)總結(jié)美巡一年

美聯(lián)總結(jié)美巡一年：最佳決定斯皮思 最壞決定伍茲

斯滕森獲聯(lián)邦杯總冠軍

北京時間9月25日，與往年不一樣，今年的美巡賽[微博]9月份還沒有完，便結(jié)束了。在這樣一個時刻，美聯(lián)社記者道格-佛格森(Doug Ferguson)為美巡賽2013賽季做了總結(jié)。

泰格-伍茲說他很疲憊。米克爾森已經(jīng)在想辦法將他的賽程削減25%了?！斑€是讓我們等到明年再說吧。”福瑞克說這個話的時候更多是擔(dān)心，而不是期待。

美巡賽已經(jīng)同意在2014年萊德杯之前空出一個星期，這意味著在四個星期中要舉辦兩場大滿貫賽和一場世界高爾夫[微博]錦標(biāo)賽，而后是連續(xù)四場聯(lián)邦杯總決賽。其中波士頓站與丹佛站之間僅僅間隔三天。

好吧，請別忘記：隨著新賽季首次跨年，“明年”16天之后便會開始。

這只是給我們留下了足夠的時間審視一下2013年而已。這個賽季的特色包括：天氣(風(fēng)、霧、雪)、吃驚、滑坡、犯規(guī)，鹿茸噴劑，以及24年以來第一次沒有一個54洞領(lǐng)先者贏得大滿貫賽。

美巡賽星期五將公布其年度最佳球員，在那個獎項揭曉之前，這里我們還可以考慮考慮別的獎項。

波維克利奪得殖民地邀請賽冠軍

年度最佳復(fù)蘇球員

美巡賽幾年之前已經(jīng)放棄了這個獎項，因?yàn)樘嘹A家是從壞表現(xiàn)中“殺回來”，而不是從危及生命的重傷中“殺回來”。如果這個獎項還存在，亨利克-斯滕森應(yīng)該是最有人氣的候選人。

可是真正的贏家應(yīng)該是波-維克利(Boo Weekley)。

在參加上萊德杯之后三年，波-維克利失去了美巡賽全卡，接著又在資格學(xué)?？荚囍惺帧?012年，他憑借外卡參賽，在賽季的最后一天，他幸運(yùn)地賺回了參賽卡。在迪士尼精英賽最后一輪，他打出了67桿。波-維克利開始今年的時候世界排名299位，他贏得了殖民地邀請賽，(視頻)闖入了巡回錦標(biāo)賽，現(xiàn)在他位于世界排名前50位之中。明年將是2009年以來他第一次能參加全部四場大滿貫賽。

格蘭姆-德萊特

沒有勝利的最好一年

盡管已經(jīng)進(jìn)入半退休狀態(tài)，史蒂夫-史翠克卻贏得了440萬美元。他在卡帕魯瓦、多拉以及巡回錦標(biāo)賽上拿到亞軍?？墒窃捰终f回來，他比平常年份少打了6場比賽。

我們真正要給OK的是加拿大選手格蘭姆-德萊特(Graham DeLaet)。一年之前，他在獎金榜上名列第95位。他獲得了7個前十名，比之前兩個賽季加在一起還多。而他的兩個最

好表現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)在聯(lián)邦杯總決賽中。格蘭姆-德萊特參加上了個人的第一場和第二場大滿貫賽，世界排名上升到32位，同時獲得總統(tǒng)杯參賽資格。

2013現(xiàn)代汽車賽受大風(fēng)影響

比賽速度獎：卡帕魯瓦的30位參賽選手

奇怪的天氣條件，給卡帕魯瓦帶來40英里/小時的大風(fēng)，讓現(xiàn)代汽車冠軍賽在本該結(jié)束的一天才真正開始。瑞奇-福勒(Rickie Fowler)星期一早上開出了第一桿，而這場被削減為54洞的賽事29個小時之后便結(jié)束了。這說明高爾夫完全是可以在短時間中完成的。(視頻)

維杰-辛格

最佳時機(jī)獎

維杰-辛格向美巡賽提起訴訟，控告他們在調(diào)查自己使用鹿茸噴劑上“公開羞辱和嘲笑”。根據(jù)報道，鹿茸噴劑包含了一種違禁物質(zhì)。

在這個問題上的關(guān)鍵是時機(jī)。維杰-辛格的這個官司在美巡賽放棄處罰他之后一天提起，那距離球員錦標(biāo)賽僅僅只有一天時間。

思皮斯捧起個人首個美巡冠軍

最佳決定

喬丹-斯皮思(Jordan Spieth)在南美獲得了一雙前十名，與明年的威巡賽全卡資格只有一步之遙。他希望前往智利鎖定自己的參賽卡，可是得克薩斯年輕人覺得有必要給與波多黎各公開賽主辦方足夠的尊重，因?yàn)樗麄兘o他發(fā)來了外卡。

喬丹-斯皮思在波多黎各獲得了并列第二名，他因此進(jìn)入坦帕灣錦標(biāo)賽陣容。在那里，他獲得并列第七名。

接著他賺到了足夠多錢，獲得了下個賽季的美巡賽參賽卡，而當(dāng)他贏得強(qiáng)鹿精英賽的時候，他立即轉(zhuǎn)為了美巡賽正式會員(視頻)。那之后，他在波士頓TPC最后一日打出62桿，鎖定了巡回錦標(biāo)賽席位，也因此得到了總統(tǒng)杯外卡。最終，他在美巡賽獎金榜上名列第十位，在聯(lián)邦杯積分榜上排名第七。

想一想如果他選擇去智利會發(fā)生什么事情？

郁悶的伍茲

最壞決定

甚至在錄像證據(jù)面前--當(dāng)伍茲移動一根樹枝的時候，他的高爾夫球輕微的移動了一下--伍茲仍然堅稱小球只是晃動了一下。錄像證據(jù)足夠清楚，伍茲最終被罰了兩桿。他接受了處罰?？墒窃谄叽位卮鹈襟w的提問時，他仍堅持小球沒有移動。(犯規(guī)回放 裁判解讀)

很明顯，現(xiàn)在的問題不再是：“他看到了什么？”，而是“他在想什么？”

福瑞克打出59桿

最佳一輪

福瑞克在BMW錦標(biāo)賽上成為第六個在美巡賽上打出59桿的選手，也是唯一一個記分卡上有柏忌的“59桿先生”。(視頻集錦)

米克爾森奪得2013英國公開賽冠軍

冠軍的最佳一輪

米克爾森星期天在穆菲爾德打出66桿，贏得英國公開賽。一些人將那一輪稱之為大滿貫賽最佳收官輪。它或許應(yīng)該排在尼克勞斯在1986年美國大師賽[微博]打出的65桿，以及約翰尼-米勒在奧克芒美國公開賽打出的63桿之后。然而在穆菲爾德的那個星期天，它肯定是最好的，而那對于米克爾森來說才是最最重要的。(奪冠一擊)

羅斯奪得2013美國公開賽冠軍

最佳一桿

賈斯汀-羅斯4號鐵進(jìn)攻美濃18號洞的那一桿幫助他贏得了美國公開賽。實(shí)在太糟糕，小球沒有停在果嶺上，不過那不是他的過錯。(視頻集 高清圖集)

斯特克推入奪冠一擊

最佳一推

亞當(dāng)-斯科特在美國大師賽正賽18洞的20英尺小鳥推。(專題 高清圖集 視頻集)

斯科特與威廉姆斯慶祝

最佳建議

史蒂夫-威廉姆斯，亞當(dāng)-斯科特的球童，在他們離開果嶺的時候?qū)λf，“還沒有完?！钡拇_如此。

賴斯身披綠夾克

最佳著裝

賴斯，身穿綠茄克。

伍茲灣丘奪冠與帕爾默合影

最佳一年

阿諾-帕爾默。他已經(jīng)在灣丘舉辦了35年的美巡賽，這一次他堅持下來看到了伍茲取勝。他的匹茲堡海盜(Pittsburgh Pirates)21年以來第一次獲得季后賽席位。他慶祝了84歲生日。另外，他與嫩模凱特-阿普頓(Kate Upton)共進(jìn)了晚餐。

第二篇：美聯(lián)英語：周年紀(jì)念日相關(guān)英語對話

美聯(lián)英語提供：美聯(lián)英語：周年紀(jì)念日相關(guān)英語對話

小編給你一個美聯(lián)英語官方試聽課申請鏈接：http://004km.cn/?tid=16-73374-0

Dario: Don't open that umbrella inside, Brian!

Brian: Why not? It's wet and needs to dry out.Dario: You will have seven years' bad luck if you open an umbrella inside.Brian: No wayit has nothing to do with the umbrella.Dario: I am just very superstitious, that's all.Brian: You are a modern guy, not some old fashioned fossil!

Dario: I just don't want any more bad luck in my life.Brian: OK, I won't open the umbrella if you promise to stop believing in all this superstition stuff.Dario: I will when my luck changes and I win the lottery!

Brian: I wouldn't hold my breath if I were you.戴瑞奧：別在屋里打開傘布萊恩!

布萊恩：為什么不行?傘是濕的，需要晾干。

戴瑞奧：在屋里打傘會給你帶來七年的背運(yùn)。

布萊恩：不可能，打破鏡子才會帶來七年背運(yùn)。

戴瑞奧：相信我，朋友。我在屋里打開過一次傘，從那以后一直打光棍兒。

布萊恩：那是因?yàn)槟銓δ愕呐笥巡缓?，跟傘一點(diǎn)兒關(guān)系都沒有。

戴瑞奧：我就是很迷信。

布萊恩：你生活在現(xiàn)代，不是一個守舊的老古板。

戴瑞奧：我只是不想再碰上壞運(yùn)氣了。

布萊恩：好吧，如果你不再相信這些迷信的玩意兒我就不打開傘。

戴瑞奧：除非我的運(yùn)氣轉(zhuǎn)變，中上彩票。

布萊恩：如果我是你，就不白費(fèi)工夫。

1)Wild: fun and exciting

有趣而刺激

The rides at the amusement park are always wild and make my stomach flip.在游樂園里坐車永遠(yuǎn)是那么刺激，我的胃都要翻倒了。

2)Action packed: very busy, lots of things to do

很忙，有很多是要做

I love visiting big cities because they are always action packed!

我喜歡到大城市觀光因?yàn)榭偸怯泻芏嗍乱觥?/p>

3)Dullsville: very boring, nothing to do

無聊、無事可做

I grew up in a small town with no cinema and no bowlingthat the singer just wants to make money.Jessie: I agree with that.Music has lost its honesty.Tina: Let's see if we can remember a wild 1970s song about feeling the wind in your hair?

Jessie: Oh, I know a great song just like that by Steppenwolf.Tina: Sing it out loud!

杰西：音樂永遠(yuǎn)在變，你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎?

蒂娜：沒錯。九十年代的音樂和八十年代的音樂相比有很大的不同。

杰西：我真的很喜歡一些七十年代的音樂。那時的音樂很刺激。

蒂娜：有些人說現(xiàn)在的音樂太商業(yè)化了，歌手們只想賺錢。

杰西：我同意。音樂已經(jīng)失去了它的風(fēng)格。

蒂娜：看看我們能不能想起來一首七十年代的勁歌。

杰西：噢，我知道史蒂夫沃爾夫有一首很棒的歌。

蒂娜：那么大聲唱出來吧!

New Words

1)Flat-out: very busy

很忙

I prefer to be flat-out at work because I get bored when it's quiet.我喜歡工作時忙一點(diǎn)兒，因?yàn)樘察o了我會覺得很無聊。

2)Mall: large building with many small shops

購物中心，有許多小商店的大型建筑物

Whenever I go to the mall, I always spend too much money.我每次去購物中心都會花很多錢。

3)Second home: a place that you spend a lot of time

花很多時間光顧的地方

The coffee shop close to my house is my second home!

我經(jīng)常光顧家附近的咖啡店。

4)Gift: present

禮物

Gifts are a nice way of showing how much you like or appreciate someone.送禮物是向別人表示好感和感謝的好方式。

5)Jive: empty talk

空話

Brian is some full of jive talk, but he never takes any action.布萊恩是個光說不做的人。

Lesson:課文

Anniversaries are the celebration of an important event, such as your first date, first kiss or wedding.If you were married on June 1, every year after that, your wedding anniversary is June 1.周年紀(jì)念是指慶祝某個重要事件，比如你的第一次約會，初吻或婚禮。如果你的結(jié)婚日期是六月一日，以后每年你的結(jié)婚周年紀(jì)念就是六月一日。

Birthdays are the anniversary of your birth, but most people just call them birthdays instead of anniversaries.生日是你出生日的周年紀(jì)念，可大多數(shù)人都稱它為生日而不是周年紀(jì)念。

When you are married, it is very important to remember the important anniversaries.If you forget your wedding anniversary, your husband or wife could get very upset and not talk to you for weeks!

結(jié)婚后記住周年紀(jì)念日是很重要的。如果你忘了結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日，你的丈夫或妻子可能會很不開心，幾個星期都不跟你說話。

Anniversaries are usually celebrated with a romantic dinner and gifts such as flowers, chocolates and jewellery.Some people think that the more expensive the gift, the more you love the person while others say that it is the thought that counts.周年紀(jì)念的時候通常都以浪漫晚餐的形式來慶祝，并送一些諸如鮮花、巧克力和珠寶之類的禮物。有人說禮物越貴就表示你愛對方越深，但有的人認(rèn)為心意最重要。

There are some many types of anniversaries including personal and national.Get a diary and out all of the important anniversaries in it so that you will never

forget!

包括個人和國家在內(nèi)有很多種不同的周年紀(jì)念日。找一個日記本把所有重要的紀(jì)念日記在上面你就不會忘了!

Past Tense Dialogue：過去時對話

Jeff: Did your husband like the tie that you gave him for your wedding anniversary?

Joan: He loved the tie but we are not married yet.Jeff: So what was the anniversary for?

Joan: It was the anniversary of our first ever date.Jeff: You must be a very romantic person to remember your first date.Joan: I think that my boyfriend would be upset if I forgot.Jeff: I can never remember the important anniversaries-I even forgot my girlfriend's birthday!

Joan: Was she upset or angry?

Jeff: Both!She made me buy her gifts and flowers for two weeks after I forgot.Joan: It's easier to remember in the first place Jeff.Jeff: I'll be sure never to forget again.杰夫：你丈夫喜歡你結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日送他的領(lǐng)帶嗎?

瓊：他很喜歡這條領(lǐng)帶，可我們還沒結(jié)婚。

杰夫：那這是什么紀(jì)念日呀?

瓊：是我們初次約會的紀(jì)念。

杰夫：你一定很浪漫，連初次約會的日子都記著。

瓊：我想如果我忘了我的男朋友會不高興的。

杰夫：我永遠(yuǎn)記不住這些重要的紀(jì)念日，我甚至連我女朋友的生日都忘了。

瓊：她傷心嗎?還是生氣了?

杰夫：又傷心又生氣。我忘了她的生日以后整兩個星期她都讓我給她買禮物和花。

瓊：事先把它記住就簡單多了，杰夫。

杰夫：我肯定不會再忘了。美聯(lián)英語：004km.cn

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沈女士

第四篇：【美聯(lián)英語】英語語法+浙江高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)

關(guān)于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里

http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 美聯(lián)英語提供：浙江高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)

浙江高中英語語法權(quán)威解析

目錄: 第01章 名詞性從句

第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解 第03章 高中英語語法中的省略現(xiàn)象 第04章 主謂一致 第05章

動詞不定式 第06章

倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

第07章

定語從句 第08章

被動語態(tài) 第09章 祈使句 第10章 感嘆句 第11章 疑問句 第12章 名詞 第一章 名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一． 主語從句

主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。例如：

a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那場電影真可惜。

b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我對你成功與否不感興趣。

c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

d)It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

2.用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It is ＋ 名詞 ＋ 從句

It is a fact that …

事實(shí)是…

It is an honor that

…非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that

…是常識(2)It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句

It is natural that…

很自然…

It is strange that…

奇怪的是…(3)It is ＋ 不及物動詞 ＋ 從句

It seems that…

似乎…

It happened that…

碰巧…

It appears that…

似乎…(4)It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句

It is reported that…

據(jù)報道…

It has been proved that…

已證實(shí)…

It is said that…

據(jù)說…

3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。

（2）It is said /reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.錯誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.錯誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.錯誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

錯誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4.what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別

what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：

a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation

二．賓語從句

賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。

1.作動詞的賓語

(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：

I heard that be joined the army.我聽說他參軍了。

(2)由what, whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：

a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。

b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。

(3)動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。

2.作介詞的賓語，例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。

3.作形容詞的賓語，例如：

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。

注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。

4.it 可以作為形式賓語

it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month.我聽說她下個朋就會結(jié)婚了。

5.后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞

這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate，dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match.錯誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞

有些動詞不可用于“動詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man.錯誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。

三.表語從句

表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動詞

＋表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位語從句

同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1.同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：

1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：

1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

高一英語名詞性從句專項練習(xí)

1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A.did the quarrel came about

B.the quarrel had come about

C.had the quarrel come about

D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work..A.what B.something C.anything

D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there

B.in which

C.where

D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone

B.where did he go C.which place has he gone

D.where has he gone

7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that

B.which

C.of which

D.of that

8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave

B.that;should leave

C./;must leave

D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that

B.It;that

C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A.that

B.which

C.whether

D.if 11.Is _____he said really true?

A.that B.what C.why

D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If

D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while

B.if

C.that D.for

14.???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether

B.This

C.who

D.If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That

C.Whether

D.If 16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That

C.Who

D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that

C.what;that D.That;what 18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What

B.It

C.All that

D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A.believed

B.think

C.say

D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What

B.That

C.How

D.Where Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解

“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：

一、It用作實(shí)詞

表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象……

二、It用作形式主語

替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。

It 作形式主語的常見句型：

1.代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為

(1)It be adj.(for sb.)to do sth.此處adj.通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…

例

It is illegal(for a teenager)to drive a car without a license.(2)It be adj.of sb.to do sth.此處adj.通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.例

It's kind of you to help me with the problem.(3)It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型

It's no good/use doing…

It's(well)worth doing…

It's(well)worth one's while doing/to do…

It's(well)worth while doing/ to do

例

It's no use crying over spilt milk.2.It替代作主語的從句常見句型

(1)It is + noun +從句

例

It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2)It is adj.+clause

It's surprising that…(should)………竟然……

It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……

例

It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)

(3)It verb sb.+ clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze

/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb.that…

例

It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)

(4)It verb(to sb.)that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

例

It(so)happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)

(5)It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）

例

It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)

(6)It is v-ed that …(should)…

(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend

例

It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.三、It作主語的句型

1.It takes sb.… to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多長時間做某事

例

It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

2.It's(just)(un)like sb.to do…（不）像某人做某事的風(fēng)格

例

It was(just)like him to think of helping us.3.It's(about/high)time that… should /v-ed…是該做某事的時候了

例

It's(about/high)time that we should take action.4.It's the x-th time(that)… have v-ed…第幾次做某事了

例

It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.5.It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動詞)某動作已有多長時間不發(fā)生了

例

It's 10 years that he lived here

6.It was(not)… before…過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了

例

It was not long before they arrived.四、It 作形式賓語

用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。

It 作形式賓語的常見句型：

1.verb+ it+ adj./noun(for/of)to do/clause(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

例

I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.2.verb+it+adj./noun

(one's)

doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words)(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make，keep…)

例

I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.3.verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that …(should)…

verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…

(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

例

I think it important that you(should)attendthe conference.4.verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause(verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

例

The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.5.v.+it + prep.+ that…

owe it to sb.that…把…歸功于…

leave it to sb that…把…留給某人去做

take it for granted that …想當(dāng)然

keep it in mind that…

例

Don't bother to arrange anything.Just leave it to me to sort out.6.It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之后

例

I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.7.It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后（except that例外）

例

I'm for it that you will follow their advice.五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who)… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時也可以用who。

在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.請注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句

例

When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？

2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句

例

It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.3.在強(qiáng)調(diào)not … until結(jié)構(gòu)時必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上

例

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.4.注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句的區(qū)別

例

It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句)

六、It 常用的固定搭配

1.make it

(1).在口語當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達(dá)

例

It's hard to make it to the top in show business.(2).在口語中相當(dāng)于fix the date for,表示“約定好時間”

例

—Shall we meet next week?

—OK.We just make it next Saturday.2.as it is

(1).相當(dāng)于in fact, in reality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是……”

例

We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語從句，表示“照原樣”

例

Leave the table as it is.3.as it were 相當(dāng)于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是說，可以說，換句話說”

例

He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.4.if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，相當(dāng)于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……，要不是……”

例

If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.5.that's it

(1).相當(dāng)于That's all.That's so much.表示“至此為止，沒有別的了”

例

You can have one more sweet, and that's it.(2).相當(dāng)于 That's right.表示“對啦”

例

— I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”

—That's it.6.catch it 在口語中，相當(dāng)于be punished/scolded for doing sth.wrong.表示“因做錯事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評，受懲罰”

例

We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.7.have it

(1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示“說，主張，表明，硬說”

例

Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.(2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，獲悉”

例

I had it from John that she was going abroad.8.have what it takes在口語中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件”

例

You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9.so it seems / appears.10.Keep at it!(Don't give up!)相當(dāng)于go on,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄”

例

My teacher asked me to keep at it.11.Go it!(Go on!)拼命干, 莽撞

12.Now you have done it!(You have done sth.wrong.)

13.Now you'll catch it!(You'll be punished.)

14.As it happened, … 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it's a pity that…, 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾”

例

As it happened, they were out.15.As it turned out,…在口語中，相當(dāng)于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被證明是”

例

As it turned out, his statement was false.16.Such as it is(they are)在口語中，相當(dāng)于although it may not be worth much, 表示“雖然沒有多大價值”

例

You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.17.Take it/things easy.相當(dāng)于Don't worry or don't hurry.用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，存住氣”

例

Take it easy!He will do it well.18.Take it from me.在口語中，相當(dāng)于believe me what I say.表示“請相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)?！?/p>

例

You can take it from me that he will make it this time.19.For what it is worth…在口語中，相當(dāng)于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其價值如何”

例

Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.20.Worth it 在口語中，相當(dāng)于useful, 表示“有好處，值得做”

例

Don't hesitate about it!It's worth it.21.Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”

例

Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.22.Take it or leave it.v.要么接受要么放棄

例

That is my last offer.You can take it or leave it.23.It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當(dāng)于it hasn't been decided yet, 表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來”

例

—Are you going to the countryside for holiday?

—It/That all depends.24.It's up to sb.在口語中，相當(dāng)于it's decided by sb.表示“由……決定，由……負(fù)責(zé)，取決于……”

例

—Shall we go out for dinner?

—It's up to you.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練

1.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? A.that

B.while

C.in which

D.then(88)

2.Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A.this

B.that

C.it

D.he(89)

3.I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it(91)

4.Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it(91)5.It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when , that

B.until , that

C.until , that

D.when , then(92)6.I was disappointed with the film.I had expected ______ to be much better.A.that

B.this

C.one

D.it(93)

7.It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since(94)

8.______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It(95)

9.It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their

beauty.A.until

B.that

C.then

D.so(97)

10.I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full.A.it

B.that

C.these

D.them(98)

11.It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one

B.that

C.what

D.it(2000)

12.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004)A.this

B.that C.it

D.one 13.—Do you like ___ here?

—Oh, yes.The air, the weather, the way of life.Everything is so nice.(全國卷)A.this B.These

C.That

D.it

14.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made ___ from some wood.(全國卷)

A.it

B.One

C.Himself

D.another

15.The foreign Minister said, “ _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2004北京)

A.This is B.There is C.That is

D.It is

16._____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making

progress.(2004北京)

A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What 17.— How often do you eat out?(2004, 天津)— ________, but usually once a week.A.Have no idea

B.It depends

C.As usual

D.Generally speaking 18.We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite _____ as planed.(2004浙江卷)

A.make out

B.turn out

C.go on

D.come up

19.— What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.—________.Whatever you want to do is fine with me.A.It just depends

B.It's up to you

C.All right

D.Glad to hear that

20.It was ____ back home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn't go C.not until midnight that he went

D.until midnight when he didn't go

KEYS:

1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA

11-15 ACDBD 16-20 BBBBC

第三章 高中英語語法中的省略現(xiàn)象

在英語語言中，為了使語言簡潔明了，重點(diǎn)突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不變，這種語言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略。現(xiàn)就英語中的種種省略現(xiàn)象分析如下：

一、并列復(fù)合句中的省略

在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如：

a)The boy picked up a coin in the road and(the boy)handed it to a policeman.這個男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。

b)Your advice made me happy but(your advice made)Tom angry.你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。

c)Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary(must have been)doing her

homework.湯姆肯定一直在打籃球，瑪麗一直在寫作業(yè)。

d)Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao(was born)in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略

1．狀語從句中的省略

一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；由whether ,if , unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由 as ,than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句；由as, as if , as though 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時應(yīng)遵循下面原則：

1)當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be，這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)連詞（as, as if , once）+ 名詞;(2)連詞（though, whether , when）+形容詞；(3)連詞(whether, as if ,while)+介詞短語；(4)連詞(when , while , though)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞；(5)連詞(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 過去分詞；(6)連詞(as if ,as though)+ 不定式。如：

a)Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.龐龍曾經(jīng)是個工 人，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。

b)Work hard when(you are)young ,or you'll regret.趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你會后

悔的。

c)He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到處看似乎在找什么東西。

d)While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W.Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美國總統(tǒng)布什在與胡錦濤主席會談時，感謝中國在六方會談中起的重要作用。

e)The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多。

f)Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak。奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運(yùn)動員劉翔張開嘴好像要說什么。注意：

1)當(dāng)從句的主語和主句的賓語一致時，間或也有這樣的省略,如：

Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing the street.當(dāng)她過馬路時父親告訴她要當(dāng)心。

2)當(dāng)從句的主語是 it，謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be 時，可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。此時構(gòu)成連詞(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Unless(it is)necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果沒有必要，你最好不要查字典。

2．定語從句中的省略

1）一般說來，在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 that ,which , whom 可以省略；如：

Is this reason(that)he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?這就是他在會上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎？（2002上海春季）

而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 which , whom 不可以省略。試比較：

Tom(whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)你昨天見到的湯姆病倒了。

Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill.(whom不可以省)湯姆病倒了，你昨天見到他了。

2）在口語和非正式用語中，關(guān)系副詞when ,where , 和 why 經(jīng)常用that 來代替，甚至還可省略。如：

a)This is the first time(when/that)he had trouble with the boss.這是他第一次麻煩老板。

b)He wants to find a good place(where/that)we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday.他想找一個能在黃金周期間野餐的好地方。

c)Could you tell us the reason(why/that)he was so unhappy ? 你能告訴我們他為什么如此不高興嗎？

3）當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的 the way 時，從句不能用 how 來引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該用that 或 in which，或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷?。如?/p>

I don't like the way(that/in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你嘲笑他的行為。

3．賓語從句中的省略

1）在及物動詞后面所接的賓語從句中，連詞that 一般可以省略；但如果及物動詞后面是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句，那么只有第一個that可以省略。如：

a)I think(that)the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary.我認(rèn)為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。

b)He said(that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order 他說《 反分裂國家法》已被通過，而且胡錦濤主席已簽署了主席令。

2）由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引導(dǎo)的 賓語從句，可以全部或部分省略。如：

a)I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when(he will come to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來但我不知道他什么時候來。

b)He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad)他想搬遷到國外但他的父母想知道為什么。

4．在與suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語氣形式“should +動詞原形”，should可以省略。如：

Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year(should)last long in various forms.法國總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長期持續(xù)。

5．主句省略多用于句首。如：

(It is a)Pity that I didn’t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遺憾，我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會。

6．在答語中，主句可全部省略。如：

—Why were you absent from school last Friday ?—(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill.—上周五你為什么沒有上學(xué)？ —因?yàn)槲覌寢尣×恕?/p>

三、簡單句中的省略

1．省略主語

1）祈使句中的主語通常被省略 如：

(You)Open the door, please.請開一下門。

2)其它省略主語多限于現(xiàn)成的說法 如：

a)(I)Thank you for your help 謝謝你的幫助。

b)(It)Doesn’t matter.沒關(guān)系。

2．省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分 如：

a)(There is)No smoking.禁止抽煙

b)(Is there)anything else ? 還有其他事嗎 ？

c)(You come)This way please.請這邊走。

d)(Will you)Have a smoke ? 抽煙嗎 ？

3．省略賓語 如：

—Do you know Mr.Li ? 你認(rèn)識李先生嗎？— I don’t know(him.)我不認(rèn)識他 4．省略表語 如：

—Are you thirsty ? 你30歲了嗎？ Yes , I am(thirsty).是的，我是。5．同時省略幾個成分 如：

a)—Are you feeling better now? 你覺得好些了嗎 ？—(I am feeling)Much better(now)好多了。

b)(I wish)Good luck(to you).祝你好運(yùn)/祝你順利。

四、動詞不定式省略，只保留to 的場合

1．不定式作某些動詞的賓語時，這些動詞常見的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如：

a)— You should have thanked her before you left.—I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本該在離開前謝謝她?！冶敬蛩氵@么做，但當(dāng)我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。（2000上海春）

b)You can do it this way if you like to.如果你想做，你可以這么做。

2．不定式作某些動詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時，這些動詞常見的有：ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 ：

a)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to.男孩想在街上騎他的自行車，但他母親不讓。(NMET1995)

b)She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to(come).她想來，可是她父母不讓。

3．不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時，常見的形容詞有：happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready 等。如：

— I will be away on a business trip.Could you mind looking after my cat ?

— Not at all.I would be happy to(look after your cat).—我要出差，你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎？—沒關(guān)系，我很愿意。

4．不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語時，常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如：

He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚，但過去喜歡。

五、動詞不定式to 的省略

1．主語部分有to do ,系動詞 is 或 was 時，作表語的不定式通常省去to。如：

The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。

2．作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實(shí)意動詞 do時，不定式通常省去to.如：

He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.他說陳水扁除了推進(jìn)支持“獨(dú)立”的時間表外，什么也沒有做。

3．主語部分暗含to do，表語中的不定式通常省去to。如：

All I want(to do)is go to school and study hard.我想要（做）的就是上學(xué)，努力學(xué)習(xí)。

4．當(dāng)兩個或多個不定式并列時，其后的不定式符號可以省略，但有對比關(guān)系時不可省略。如：

It is easier to say than to do.說起來容易，做起來難。

5．在would rather…than… 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號常常要省略.如：

I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。

6．在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時省略不定式符號to；why(not)do 結(jié)構(gòu) 中, 不定式不帶to。如：

a)I saw her enter the room.我看見她進(jìn)入了房間

b)Why not join us ?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢？

六．其他一些省略結(jié)構(gòu)

1．名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時，常常可以省略。如：

We spent the weekend at the Mary's.我們在瑪麗家過的周末。

2．What和 how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，?？墒÷灾髡Z it 和be動詞 如：

a)What a wonderful victory(it is)for Tom!這對Tom來說是個多么大的勝利呀！

b)How beautiful(it is)to be treated like a normal child.被當(dāng)作一個正常孩子對待對他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。

第四章 主謂一致

主謂一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)，指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如: He is going abroad.They are playing football.可分為:語法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.(一)語法一致原則: 即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù).以下為注意事項: 1.單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but(除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).如: Air as well as water is matter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì).No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了兩個仆人外, 沒有一個人遲來用餐。

2.用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù).如:

The poet and writer has come.那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具.(兩樣物)用and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

3.不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).如: Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。

4.用連接的并列主語被each, every 或no修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席.Each man and(each)woman is asked to help.每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。

5.each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數(shù).如: Each of us has something to say.我們每個人都有話要說。

6.若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如: Many a boy likes playing basketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late.不只一個學(xué)生遲到

More persons than one come to help us.不止一個人來幫助我們。

7.none 做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù);但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如: None of us are(is)perfect.人無完人。

None of this worries me.這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。

8.名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).如:

His clothes are good.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , 謂語一般用單數(shù).如: A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼鏡。

9.形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics;國名如: the United States;報紙名如: the New Times;書名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談>;以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國> 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

10.“a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如: One or two places have been visited.參觀了一兩個地點(diǎn)。

(二)內(nèi)容一致原則:

1.主語中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如: The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行車，今天出售。

60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的。

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2.不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如: A part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。

3.加減乘除用單數(shù).如: Fifteen minus five is ten.15減去5等于10。

4.表示時間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語時, 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個單一的概念時, 其謂語動詞用單數(shù).如: Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一個相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。

5.(1)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:

The British police have only very limited powers.(2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3)可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括 audience, committee, government, family，enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委員會決定解雇他。

6.the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如: The injured were saved after the fire.(三)就近原則

1.由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中,(有時主語不止一個時)謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.如: Here comes the bus 公共汽車來了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在這兒的時候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？

2.用連詞or, either....or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的并列主語, 謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。如：

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。

注意: one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中, 定語從句的動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Mary is one of those people who keep pets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。

The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。

Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.瑪麗是唯一一個飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。

主謂一致練習(xí)

1.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.A.are/is

B.are/are C.is/are

D.are 2.Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.A.is/years

B.are/year old

C.is/years old

D.are/years of age 3.Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.A.play

B.are playing C.plays

D.is playing 4.The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A.are

B.has

C.have

D.is 5.Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.A.are

B.is

C.were

D.be

6.The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.has 7.The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.A.are speaking

B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech 8.“If anybody _____, please put down _____ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his

B.want to buy the book/their C.will buy the book/one's

D.wants to have the book bought/her 9.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.A.are

B.is stayed

C.is

D.are left 10.Having arrived at the station, _____.A.it was found that the train had left &nb, sp;B.th, e trai, n had left C.the train was found left

D.he found that the train had left 11.Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.A.stands

B.standing

C.which stands

D.stand 12.Either of you _____ going there tonight.A.will

B.was

C.is

D.are 13.You as well _____ right.A.I are

B.I am

C.as I am

D.as I are 14.All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was 15.--Shall I wait here for three hours?

--Yes.Three hours ___, __ t, , , , , o wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you

B.is not long enough fo, , , , , r you C.was not long enough for you

D.will be too long for you 16.Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.A.have not discussed

B.have not been discussed C.has not discussed

D.has not been discussed 17.I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.A.what is

B.they are

C.this

D.which are 18.Every student and every teacher _____.A.are going to attend the meeting

B.have attended the meeting C.has attended the meeting

D.is attended the meeting 19.Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.A.was eaten/were

B.were eaten/was C.were eaten/were

D.was eaten/was 20.This pair of shoes _____.A.is her

B.is hers C.are hers

D.are her

21.There ______ no life on the moon.A.is said to have

B.are said to have

C.is said to be

D.are said to be 22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill A.sheep;grass;leaves

B.sheeps grasses leaves C.sheep;grass leaf

D.sheeps grass leafs 23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.A.cattles cows

B.cows cattle C.cattle cows

D.cow, cattles 24.What he says and what he does_______.A.does not agree

B.do not agree C.does not agree with D.not agree 25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.A.have their own B.has their own C.have her own D.has her own 26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.A.woman, writes B.women write C.women writes

D.woman write 27.The railway station is ______from our school.A.two hour`s drive

B.two hours` drive C.two hour drive D.two hours drive 28.Mike and John`s ______.A.father is a teacher

B.fathers are teachers

C.father are teachers

D.fathers are teacher 29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may

seem to be aimless.A.is occurred

B.are occurred

C.occurs

D.occur 30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned.A.Either the offices or

B.The offices and

C.Both the office and

D.The office and 31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished 32.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.be 33.______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of

B.A great many

C.A large number of

D.Many 34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.A.is sold out

B.are sold out

C.was sold out

D.were sold out 35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar.A.has

B.have

C.is

D.are 36.“All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.A.is is

B.are, are

C.are is

D.is are 37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were.38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.A.are studying

B.have studied

C.studies

D.study 39.The rich______ not always happy.A.are

B.is

C.will

D.may 40.______can be done ______done.A.All, have been B.All that ,have been

C.All has

D.All that ,has been 41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous.A.are

B.is C.has

D.have 42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching

B.were searching for

C.are searching

D.was searching for 43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.A.is it

B.are it

C.are them

D.is them 44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______.A.is years

B.are years

C.is year

D.are year 45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected.A.are

B.have

C.has

D.is

46.______a good enough price for this book

A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are

C.Two yuans is

D.Two yuan is 47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen

B.is seen

C.see

D.sees 48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to polluting

B.get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted

D.is used to ,being polluted 49.Each of the ______in the ship.A.passenger has his own room

B.passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room

D.sengers has his own room 50.What we need ______good textbooks.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has 51.What you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing.A.have something

B.has something

C.had something

D.was something 52.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow.A.is

B.are

C.are going

D.have

53.Neither of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese.A.are has

B.are have

C.is have

D.is has

54.Every boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party.A.wish

B.wishes

C.hope

D.are hoping 55._______ has been done.A.nety—nine percents of the work

B.Half of what he promised C.Two-fifths of the articles

D.Three quarter of the business 答案：

1-5 BDDDB

6-10 ABACD

11-15 ACDAB

16-20 DBCDB 21-25 CACBA

26-30CBACA

31-35 CCADC

36-40CBCAD

41-45 BBCBD

46-50 DBDDB

51-55 BAABB

第五章

動詞不定式不定式作賓語 1)動詞+ 不定式

afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertake

The driver failed to see the other car in time.司機(jī)沒能及時看見另一輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。

2)動詞+不定式；動詞+賓語+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish

I like to keep everything tidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。

I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜歡你使每件東西都保持整潔。I want to speak to Tom.我想和湯姆談話。

I want you to speak to Tom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。

3)動詞+疑問詞+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that.請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?/p>

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。

注意

疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The question is how to put it into practice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。

2.不定式作補(bǔ)語

1)動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider,

第五篇：二上美總結(jié)

二年級美術(shù)上冊教學(xué)工作總結(jié)

宜良縣小馬街小學(xué)

李月

一個學(xué)期的工作在忙忙碌碌和快快樂樂中結(jié)束了，但是心中還有許多不舍。所以為了提高以后的工作質(zhì)量，我現(xiàn)將這一學(xué)期工作中的感受和體會總結(jié)如下：

經(jīng)過這一個學(xué)期的接觸，這次一年級升入二年級的學(xué)生很天真可愛也懂事乖巧，也熱愛繪畫，每次一上課他們都提前把畫畫本和繪畫用具擺放整齊，雙手放好等待老師上課，精神面貌非常好，各個面帶笑容。正是因?yàn)樗麄冎赡劭蓯鄣男δ?，認(rèn)真繪畫努力的精神，在課堂上，我教導(dǎo)孩子們盡情發(fā)揮自己的想像力與創(chuàng)造力，積極展示自己的才能，用自己獨(dú)特的眼光和表現(xiàn)方法來展現(xiàn)他們腦海中的世界。在他們的畫中，天馬行空、不著邊際、奇思妙想、不切實(shí)際亦或異想天開，在我看來都在情理之中的。但是畢竟他們年齡都還小，他們的自控能力不是很強(qiáng)，比如說有一個學(xué)生畫的內(nèi)容豐富，色彩運(yùn)用獨(dú)到，可嘴巴不停說話，動不動轉(zhuǎn)頭找同桌說話；還有學(xué)生明明有凳子坐還非得要站著。我對他們說乖的孩子是坐好的，可是我知道這不是一次兩次就能解決的，因?yàn)檫@是孩子們的天性。所以我每次都調(diào)整心態(tài)帶著包容的心態(tài)去教學(xué)。孩子們把我當(dāng)成他們的朋友。

1、快樂玩耍，自由畫畫一直是我的教學(xué)理念，當(dāng)然紀(jì)律也是要好好保持的，我們是美術(shù)教師，不僅僅要教授孩子們繪畫知識，還要教授孩子們做人的道理等等，還好這次的二年級新生比較乖巧，都熱情受教，我心中還是很感動的。

2、這學(xué)期我認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)計劃、備課、課后反思，我明確本學(xué)期工作的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)，結(jié)合美術(shù)教學(xué)工作的現(xiàn)狀和特點(diǎn)，按照《美術(shù)教學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求，制訂了詳細(xì)的教學(xué)計劃；基本上按時按質(zhì)地完成了本期的教育教學(xué)工作。

3、我在教學(xué)中結(jié)合學(xué)生的興趣來發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)美術(shù)課程。偶爾插入故事，音樂，舞蹈。帶動學(xué)生的繪畫興趣。二年級學(xué)生對美術(shù)都保持著很高的熱情和極大的好奇心，學(xué)生的大膽揮筆作畫，畫面富有童趣生機(jī)又有自己的主觀想法，我發(fā)揮美術(shù)教學(xué)的特有魅力，使課程內(nèi)容形式和教學(xué)方式都能激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，不是呆板的填鴨式教學(xué)。

4、不管是任何一個年級都需要教師手把手的示范，所以直觀的教學(xué)手段很重要，教師只有多畫范畫，在教學(xué)中，充分利用展示圖片、美術(shù)作品及放映幻燈、影片、錄像片等教學(xué)手段和現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)進(jìn)行直觀教學(xué)。學(xué)生才能從各個感官去學(xué)習(xí)和體會并且身臨其境的感受藝術(shù)的熏陶。我明白自己剛剛工作，在教學(xué)中肯定存在很多的不足之處，我只有不斷學(xué)習(xí)繼續(xù)成長才能不辜負(fù)自己領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及學(xué)生對我的期望。

2018年1月31日