第一篇：SENTY口譯課上講義

SENTY口譯課上講義

（一）一、關(guān)于英譯漢使用技巧講解 翻譯練習(xí)

二、口譯技巧收集之26個(gè)有意思的英語經(jīng)濟(jì)名詞

三、關(guān)于英語中常用的比喻詞組的總結(jié)

一．關(guān)于英譯漢使用技巧講解 翻譯練習(xí)

Commercial cargoes are transported by highway，water and rail。One recent innovation is “containerized” cargo.At the factory，crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels，and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports，where large cranes lift them on to freight cars，barges or ships.商業(yè)貨物由公路，水路與鐵路來運(yùn)輸，近來發(fā)明了“集裝箱”貨運(yùn)。在廠家就把貨物裝入帶輪子的大型金屬集裝箱內(nèi)，裝箱密封后，掛在卡車后拉到鐵路編組站或港口，用大吊車裝上貨物車廂，駁船或輪船。

Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions ： certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home，with parents separated or divorced，victims of various kinds of misfortune，including poverty and lack of education。But bad social conditions，in the obvious material sense，can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s。There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before，and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago，on indeed at any previous time.The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization，and beyond it。

犯罪的部分原因是物質(zhì)條件差;犯罪當(dāng)然在生活明顯不滿意的人中最普遍，沒有固定住處者，父母分居或離婚者，各種災(zāi)禍的受害者，其中，包括貧困和缺乏教育者。可是社會(huì)物質(zhì)條件差，不能認(rèn)為是六，七十年代犯罪劇增的主要原因。畢竟受窮者比以前少了，現(xiàn)在通過正當(dāng)職業(yè)謀得相當(dāng)滿意的生計(jì)，比40年前，以至以往任何時(shí)候都容易多了。這個(gè)問題在整個(gè)西方，以及其他地區(qū)都存在.二．口譯技巧收集之26個(gè)有意思的英語經(jīng)濟(jì)名詞

1.air pocket 氣囊：指一種股票的顯而易見的極其虛弱性。

2.backdoor listing 后門上市：一家公司因其自身未能符合交易所上市規(guī)定，便買進(jìn)一個(gè)上市公司，將自身并入其中而使自己能夠上市。

3.basket purchase 一籃子購買：以一種價(jià)格購買一組資產(chǎn)。然而在記帳時(shí)，每件物品可以單獨(dú)記入，并對(duì)每件資產(chǎn)指定一個(gè)成本。

4.bear trap 空頭陷阱：當(dāng)股票下跌時(shí)，引起大量拋售，然后價(jià)格又上漲。

5.bed and breakfast deals 床頭和早餐交易：賣空騙局。個(gè)人或公司根據(jù)事先安排的交易，先賣出股票，繼而在第二天買回，以此形成一個(gè)抵消資本收益的稅損。本做法僅存于英國。

6.bottom fisher 底部釣魚人：尋找那些價(jià)格已跌至最底點(diǎn)，即將發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)的商品或股票的投資者。在有些情況下指購買破產(chǎn)或?yàn)l臨破產(chǎn)組織的股票或債券的人們。

7.butterfly spread 蝴蝶差：同時(shí)在相同或不同的市場(chǎng)上買或賣三種期貨合同，產(chǎn)生利潤(rùn)和借貸權(quán)。

8.Chinese Wall 中國墻：不可逾越的障礙物，用以阻止華爾街商行的交易區(qū)不公正地使用投資銀行家們從客戶那里秘密獲得的信息。

9.fallen angle 下墜天使：大公司的高價(jià)證券因某些不利的負(fù)面消息而使價(jià)格突然下跌。

10.golden handcuffs 金手銬：將經(jīng)紀(jì)人和經(jīng)紀(jì)人事務(wù)所連結(jié)起來的合同；是經(jīng)紀(jì)業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)紀(jì)人從一個(gè)公司到另一個(gè)公司頻繁變動(dòng)的反應(yīng)。一般包括將其受雇時(shí)接受的大部分報(bào)酬返還原公司的協(xié)議。

11.gold brick 假金磚：毫無價(jià)值的帶有欺詐特點(diǎn)的證券。

12.gray knight 灰騎士：公司收購中并非收購對(duì)象所尋求的投機(jī)性二次投標(biāo)者，只想利用收購對(duì)象和原投標(biāo)者之間的問題而牟利。

13.raveyard market 墓地市場(chǎng)：一種在其中的不能出來，在外面的不能進(jìn)去的證券市場(chǎng)。.lame duck 跛腳鴨：冒險(xiǎn)失敗的投機(jī)者或股票交易中資不抵債的人。

15.long leg 長(zhǎng)腳：期權(quán)價(jià)差合同中表明購買基礎(chǔ)證券許諾的部分。

16.Mother Goose 鵝媽媽：募股章程簡(jiǎn)述，位于募股說明書的最前面。

17.poison pill 毒丸：公司發(fā)行新認(rèn)股權(quán)證或?qū)?yōu)先股授權(quán)，使收購公司的成本極大，從而阻止不友好的收購兼并企圖。

18.shark watcher 鯊魚監(jiān)察者：專門觀察和監(jiān)視接管活動(dòng)的公司。

19.sunrise industry 朝陽工業(yè)：有很大增長(zhǎng)潛力及出口潛力的、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的高科技企業(yè)。

20.sunshine trading 陽光貿(mào)易：無障礙地從事大宗貿(mào)易。

21.turtle blood 龜血：流動(dòng)性很低，不可能很快升值的證券。

22.war babies 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)寶寶：以為美國國防部制造產(chǎn)品為業(yè)務(wù)的公司的證券。

23.white elephant 白象：需要高額成本維護(hù)而實(shí)際上無利可圖的資產(chǎn)或損失已成定局的資產(chǎn)。

24.white knight 白色騎士：為鼓勵(lì)另一家企業(yè)進(jìn)行成功的公司兼并，一個(gè)善意的第三方加入以擊退另一競(jìng)買者。

25.window dressing 窗口包裝：為使財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表表現(xiàn)出比實(shí)際情況要好而采用的一種會(huì)計(jì)方法，一般是一種舞弊。

26.yellow knight 黃色騎士：一家公司企圖吞并另一家公司時(shí)兩家發(fā)生的兼并爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。

三．關(guān)于英語中常用的比喻詞組的總結(jié)

as bald as a coot

頭發(fā)脫光的（像白骨頂雞一樣禿）

as blind as a bat

有眼無珠（像蝙蝠一樣瞎）

as blind as an owl

瞎透了（像貓頭鷹一樣瞎）

as bold as brass

厚顏無恥（像黃銅一樣厚臉皮的）

as busy as a bee

極忙碌（像蜜蜂一樣忙碌）

as clear as a bell

極為清晰（像鈴鐺一樣清晰）

as clear as day

一清二楚的（像白天一樣清楚）

as cool as a cucumber

極為冷靜的（像黃瓜一樣冷靜）

as easy as a pie

極容易（像餡餅一樣容易）

as fussy as a hen with one chick

在小事上瞎操心（像帶著小雞的母雞一樣操心）

as hard as the nether millstone

鐵石心腸（像下層的磨石一樣堅(jiān)硬）

as hungry as a hunter

非常饑餓（像捕獵者一樣饑餓）

as lively as a cricket

極活潑（像蟋蟀一樣活潑）

as mad as a wet hen

非常生氣（像弄濕的母雞一樣生氣）

as mild as a dove

非常溫和（像鴿子一樣溫和）

as plain as the nose in your face

一清二楚（像你臉上的鼻子一樣清楚）

as poor as a church mouse

赤貧的（像教堂的老鼠一樣窮）

as proud as a peacock

極驕傲（驕傲得像只孔雀）

as strong as a horse

健壯如牛（像馬一樣強(qiáng)壯）

as stupid as an owl

極愚蠢（像貓頭鷹一樣愚蠢）

as thin as a wafer

極?。ㄏ衽疵准堃粯颖。?/p>

as true as steel

絕對(duì)可靠（像鋼一樣可靠）

第二篇：SENTY口譯課上講義(一)

SENTY口譯課上講義

（一）一、關(guān)于英譯漢使用技巧講解 翻譯練習(xí)

二、分析雅思寫作五大困境和對(duì)策

三、關(guān)于英語中常用的比喻詞組的總結(jié)

一．關(guān)于英譯漢使用技巧講解 翻譯練習(xí)

Commercial cargoes are transported by highway，water and rail。One recent innovation is “containerized” cargo.At the factory，crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels，and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports，where large cranes lift them on to freight cars，barges or ships.商業(yè)貨物由公路，水路與鐵路來運(yùn)輸，近來發(fā)明了“集裝箱”貨運(yùn)。在廠家就把貨物裝入帶輪子的大型金屬集裝箱內(nèi)，裝箱密封后，掛在卡車后拉到鐵路編組站或港口，用大吊車裝上貨物車廂，駁船或輪船。

Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions ： certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home，with parents separated or divorced，victims of various kinds of misfortune，including poverty and lack of education。But bad social conditions，in the obvious material sense，can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s。There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before，and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago，on indeed at any previous time.The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization，and beyond it。

犯罪的部分原因是物質(zhì)條件差;犯罪當(dāng)然在生活明顯不滿意的人中最普遍，沒有固定住處者，父母分居或離婚者，各種災(zāi)禍的受害者，其中，包括貧困和缺乏教育者?？墒巧鐣?huì)物質(zhì)條件差，不能認(rèn)為是六，七十年代犯罪劇增的主要原因。畢竟受窮者比以前少了，現(xiàn)在通過正當(dāng)職業(yè)謀得相當(dāng)滿意的生計(jì)，比40年前，以至以往任何時(shí)候都容易多了。這個(gè)問題在整個(gè)西方，以及其他地區(qū)都存在.二．分析雅思寫作五大困境和對(duì)策

考生在寫作時(shí)面臨一些困境和問題，主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：

一、滔滔不絕“意識(shí)流”

有一部分考生在考試時(shí)一見到作文題，便感到很對(duì)自己的胃口，覺得有很多內(nèi)容要寫。于是乎，千言萬語涌上心頭，寫著前一句想著后一句。往往前句尚未寫完便接上了后一句，辛辛苦苦寫了一大堆（甚至有寫11個(gè)自然段的），猶覺余意未盡。結(jié)果令判卷的老師頭疼不己，無法繼續(xù)往下看。原因就在于這種沒有構(gòu)思、未理提綱的作文章法太亂，語言質(zhì)量差。無論是四、六級(jí)考試還是研究生入學(xué)考試，我國的作文試題都是規(guī)定式作文（controlled writing），這跟國外考試不一樣。因此，寫作時(shí)必須按給出的提綱或提示去寫，任何過于放任自由的做法都是不可取的，更不要另有所圖，滔滔不絕。這是進(jìn)入實(shí)際操作前的一個(gè)基本認(rèn)識(shí)問題，稍不留神就會(huì)出問題。

要控制這種“意識(shí)流”的寫法，必須嚴(yán)格按照三點(diǎn)提綱來寫。假如第一段要求描述某個(gè)現(xiàn)象，務(wù)必不要先進(jìn)行原因分析，否則到了第二段該分析原因的時(shí)候就沒東西可寫了。明智的做法是投其所好，該如何就如何，這一原則適用于所有的考試。另外，有的考生一方面有話則多，一發(fā)而不可收，控制不了自己；一方面無話則隱，該說的話沒有說出來。我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個(gè)段落：一篇200詞左右的作文一般不會(huì)超過15句話，把這15句話根據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大概只說那么幾句話，絕不多說。事實(shí)上往往是說得越多，錯(cuò)誤越多。因此，跟著提綱走，每一段不要寫得太多，點(diǎn)到為止，見好就收，這才是最穩(wěn)妥的對(duì)策。

二、無話可說真難受

無話可說是滔滔不絕的對(duì)立面。有的考生題目看得懂，提綱也一目了然，就是不知道該說什么，在考場(chǎng)上頭腦一片空白，想到的也只是空泛的東西，這是一種常見的現(xiàn)象。在這種情況下，即使是用中文也難以寫好，更何況要用英文去表達(dá)。針對(duì)這一情況，辦法就是要善于聯(lián)想到一些具體的事實(shí)、具體的例證以及具體的現(xiàn)象。比如說，要談?wù)撾娨暪?jié)目這一話題，可以聯(lián)想到新聞聯(lián)播，并由此想到它讓人們開闊視野，了解世界。但有人覺得話題太熟悉了，反而一時(shí)說不出什么來。

其實(shí)，作文題一定是永恒的話題，在任何時(shí)候都可以討論；或?yàn)楫?dāng)代話題，讓所有的人都有話可說。題目是公平的，絕對(duì)不會(huì)讓某一專業(yè)的考生有特別的優(yōu)勢(shì)。所以，考生一定能聯(lián)想起具體細(xì)小的事情，再形成觀點(diǎn)。把看得見摸得著的事物帶來的思考變成作文里的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，這不失為一種很好的策略。例如，計(jì)算機(jī)的利與弊這個(gè)話題似乎太大，但是可能想到的具體的現(xiàn)象是小孩、學(xué)生要在計(jì)算機(jī)前玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。由此帶來的思考是，這些學(xué)生整天呆在那里對(duì)他們的mind是有害的，而且waste a lot of time。因此，當(dāng)頭腦出現(xiàn)空白時(shí)，應(yīng)該由具體細(xì)小的、瑣碎的、微不足道的事物所引發(fā)的思考形成觀點(diǎn)，再進(jìn)行論述。這種定式思維的形成需要多下功夫多練習(xí)。從無話可說到有話可說，下面的例子讓人不無啟發(fā)。在種種場(chǎng)合下，經(jīng)常要?dú)g迎領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講幾句話。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)往往首先開口說：同志們大家好，我利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)講三句話。講第一句話時(shí)，腦子里不知道第二句話是什么，講第二句話時(shí)，根本就沒想第三句話要說什么。但他最終說了三句話，以“謝謝大家”結(jié)束講話。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話“1、2、3”成了一種定式，他總能找到有關(guān)內(nèi)容講幾點(diǎn)，這種功夫是長(zhǎng)期磨練的結(jié)果。寫作文也一樣，平時(shí)需要多多練習(xí)這種思維。

三、真情流露沒必要

考試時(shí)，監(jiān)考老師通常發(fā)現(xiàn)有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的偉大哲理；他在那里要想出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，想出一個(gè)理由，想出一個(gè)措施，非要顯得與眾不同。陷入這種境地的考生，顯然犯了一個(gè)根本性的錯(cuò)誤。參考時(shí)間為40分鐘的作文，一般應(yīng)該在35分鐘之內(nèi)完成，再用幾分鐘的時(shí)間檢查語言錯(cuò)誤。可有的考生十幾分鐘一句話都寫不了，就是因?yàn)樗M(jìn)入角色了，他想向判卷的老師掏心掏肺。這是一個(gè)很大的誤區(qū)。

四、英語表達(dá)憋得慌

如果說以上幾點(diǎn)都明白了，剩下的最大障礙就是用英語表達(dá)意思很困難。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)，首先要樹立信心。實(shí)際上，大部分考生都受過正規(guī)的大學(xué)英語教育，即使是一些自學(xué)的考生，其英語水平也足以寫好一篇作文。關(guān)鍵在于要把這種潛力挖掘出來?！独饰脑~典》（Longman Dictionary）的最大特點(diǎn)，就是用2000個(gè)核心詞來解釋幾十萬個(gè)詞條，而且詞條大都有幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)。由此可見，并不一定要用多么復(fù)雜的英語來表達(dá)，也不一定非得添加一些高難度的單詞以加深判卷老師的印象。事實(shí)上，簡(jiǎn)單的語言也能表達(dá)復(fù)雜的事物。著名的美國作家海明威的作品以其明白曉暢的語言吸引了千千萬萬的讀者，就是一個(gè)明證。要求考生運(yùn)用英語思維來寫作文是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。如果能用英語思維，也就談不上會(huì)遇到多大的困難了。在實(shí)際寫作過程當(dāng)中，腦子里想的是中文句子，然后把一個(gè)一個(gè)的中文句子譯成英文。在翻譯的時(shí)候努力尋求一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，希望找到與中文詞對(duì)應(yīng)的英文單詞。結(jié)果句子結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞的選用受到中文的影響，自己感覺上也是“憋”得費(fèi)勁，或者覺得表達(dá)出來了，意思差不多，而實(shí)際上給人的感覺依然還是中文。若是讓老外來看這篇作文的話，也許根本就弄不清楚文章的內(nèi)容，而判卷的中國老師在判卷時(shí)往往能想象出文章是怎樣寫出來的。

在這種情況下，出路在于把中文譯成英文時(shí)，不要去追求一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，而應(yīng)該“得其意，忘其形”（get the meaning, forget the form），忘掉中文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，句法形式則可能要整個(gè)地打亂，“鉆進(jìn)去，跳出來”。所謂“鉆進(jìn)去”就是要看意思是否到位了，“跳出來”就是要忘記中文的語言形式。實(shí)際上把英文譯成中文，也是一樣的道理，關(guān)鍵是要在轉(zhuǎn)換中把意思表達(dá)出來。如果寫出來的句子整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都在對(duì)應(yīng)，無異于用英語詞說中國話，這顯然是不合適的。

詞匯掌握有限的考生，可以經(jīng)常看一看朗文詞典中詞條的英文注解，這對(duì)于提高寫作的表達(dá)能力會(huì)有巨大的幫助。整部詞典成千上萬的詞義全部用2000左右常用詞匯解釋。隨意翻開詞典的任何一頁，找出其中不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，然后看后面的英文注釋。要找不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，因?yàn)樵诩庇谥酪馑嫉那闆r下看注解，印象才深刻。要先學(xué)人家怎么表達(dá)，再學(xué)會(huì)自己表達(dá)。有的人簡(jiǎn)單地認(rèn)為，只要記了單詞和語法，就可以高興怎么表達(dá)就怎么表達(dá)，這樣的人永遠(yuǎn)學(xué)不好英語。

記住一個(gè)詞跟學(xué)會(huì)使用這個(gè)詞是兩碼事。BBC的一個(gè)材料上說，英國農(nóng)民一輩子最常用的、基本上能夠表達(dá)他所有情感世界和日常生活的詞大概不到一千。農(nóng)民也有喜怒哀樂，在這一點(diǎn)上，一個(gè)農(nóng)民的情感世界跟一個(gè)偉大詩人的情感世界是沒有什么區(qū)別的，而且用簡(jiǎn)單的語言把復(fù)雜的意思表達(dá)出來也可謂之偉大。對(duì)于一個(gè)一時(shí)找不著詞的概念，?應(yīng)該用一種迂回曲折的方式把意思表達(dá)清楚?；蛴靡粋€(gè)短語，或用一個(gè)從句，或三言兩語，如果沒出什么語言錯(cuò)誤的話，這也算是一種偉大！

針對(duì)英語表達(dá)“憋得慌”的情況，必須摒棄翻譯中追求一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系并機(jī)械地把中文譯成英文的方法，應(yīng)該把中文句子結(jié)構(gòu)徹底地忘記，然后用比較簡(jiǎn)單的“萬能”英語表達(dá)。平常不妨做一做這樣的練習(xí)，通過閱讀不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞條的英文注解，然后試著把單詞譯成中文詞，再去對(duì)照英漢詞典的漢語釋義，慢慢地就會(huì)開始領(lǐng)會(huì)用英語表達(dá)的門道了。之所以強(qiáng)調(diào)這樣做，是因?yàn)槔饰脑~典語言簡(jiǎn)明，例句來自活生生的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，不同于傳統(tǒng)的英語詞典從文學(xué)作品里摘錄例句的做法。正因?yàn)槿绱?，其詞匯量比較貼近我們的詞匯基礎(chǔ)，只要讀得多，自然就會(huì)明白這樣好，做得奧妙，進(jìn)而受其影響。

五、處于被動(dòng)危害大

盡管雅思作文為規(guī)定式命題，但考生仍可積極主動(dòng)地寫作文。其主動(dòng)性在于采取回避的策略：表達(dá)上采取迂回的方式，即運(yùn)用不很復(fù)雜的語言，內(nèi)容的取舍上避重就輕地寫比較易于表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。很多人在寫作過程中從頭至尾都處于被動(dòng)狀態(tài)，當(dāng)有內(nèi)容想要表達(dá)清楚的時(shí)候，卻又發(fā)現(xiàn)種種途徑都不可能表達(dá)好，只好硬著頭皮把自己意識(shí)到?jīng)]把握的東西勉強(qiáng)寫上去。毫無疑問，這種連自己都意識(shí)到可能是錯(cuò)誤的東西，只會(huì)產(chǎn)生于己不利的負(fù)面作用。

所以，當(dāng)有的內(nèi)容感覺一點(diǎn)找不著、英語實(shí)在表達(dá)不清楚的時(shí)候，就應(yīng)該徹底地放棄。開動(dòng)腦筋多想幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容、理由和措施，假設(shè)想到四條理由，但因?yàn)檎Z言表達(dá)的問題，其中一條理由說不清楚，那么就應(yīng)當(dāng)機(jī)立斷地把它放棄，寫上另外三點(diǎn)理由就可以了（或許兩點(diǎn)就夠了）。由此可見，積極主動(dòng)的態(tài)度會(huì)使自己在考試中有更大的靈活性。

單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤多也是雅思作文的一大問題。例如，opinion錯(cuò)拼為opium，結(jié)果in my opinion成了in my opium（在我的鴉片中）！常用單詞是不能拼錯(cuò)的。有的單詞平時(shí)會(huì)拼寫，考試時(shí)突然沒把握了，比如modern society，假如不知道m(xù)odern與morden哪一個(gè)是對(duì)的，不妨換成society today或today's society，或許還能想起另外一個(gè)難度大一點(diǎn)、拼寫有把握的contemporary來代替modern。應(yīng)該回避明確知道自己不會(huì)拼寫的詞：如果沒法換一個(gè)詞，將句子改換一種說法亦未嘗不可。有的考生在考卷上沒把握的地方標(biāo)上問號(hào)，或者兩種可能都寫上，讓判卷老師判斷后選擇其中一個(gè)，這是不可取的，是有害的。

總之，不能讓自己陷人被動(dòng)，想說什么、用什么方式說，說多少、說到什么時(shí)候，說到什么程度，一切都應(yīng)由考生主動(dòng)把握，這樣才會(huì)減少心理上的壓力，更好地發(fā)揮出自己應(yīng)有的寫作水平。

三．關(guān)于英語中常用的比喻詞組的總結(jié)

as bald as a coot

頭發(fā)脫光的（像白骨頂雞一樣禿）

as blind as a bat

有眼無珠（像蝙蝠一樣瞎）

as blind as an owl

瞎透了（像貓頭鷹一樣瞎）

as bold as brass

厚顏無恥（像黃銅一樣厚臉皮的）

as busy as a bee

極忙碌（像蜜蜂一樣忙碌）

as clear as a bell

極為清晰（像鈴鐺一樣清晰）

as clear as day

一清二楚的（像白天一樣清楚）

as cool as a cucumber

極為冷靜的（像黃瓜一樣冷靜）

as easy as a pie

極容易（像餡餅一樣容易）

as fussy as a hen with one chick

在小事上瞎操心（像帶著小雞的母雞一樣操心）

as hard as the nether millstone

鐵石心腸（像下層的磨石一樣堅(jiān)硬）

as hungry as a hunter

非常饑餓（像捕獵者一樣饑餓）

as lively as a cricket

極活潑（像蟋蟀一樣活潑）

as mad as a wet hen

非常生氣（像弄濕的母雞一樣生氣）

as mild as a dove

非常溫和（像鴿子一樣溫和）

as plain as the nose in your face

一清二楚（像你臉上的鼻子一樣清楚）

as poor as a church mouse

赤貧的（像教堂的老鼠一樣窮）

as proud as a peacock

極驕傲（驕傲得像只孔雀）

as strong as a horse

健壯如牛（像馬一樣強(qiáng)壯）

as stupid as an owl

極愚蠢（像貓頭鷹一樣愚蠢）

as thin as a wafer

極?。ㄏ衽疵准堃粯颖。?/p>

as true as steel

絕對(duì)可靠（像鋼一樣可靠）

第三篇：中級(jí)口譯講義

中級(jí)口譯講義

口試“政治類”：

We established our friendly and cooperative relations on the understanding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality,and mutual benefit.//We believe that it is absolutely important that all nations ,big or small,strong or weak,should establish and maintain their relations on these principles.//We appreciate the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of small and developing countries.//We also appreciate China’s firm support in our economic development.//I look forward,in the next few days,to the opportunity of learning something from your experience on promoting economic and social development in the interest of your people.// 我們建立友好合作關(guān)系時(shí)是基于這樣一種認(rèn)識(shí)，即我們要在相互尊重和平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展我們的友誼。//我們認(rèn)為，所有國家，無論大小強(qiáng)弱，都應(yīng)該在這些原則 的基礎(chǔ)上建立和維持相互間的關(guān)系，這是至關(guān)重要的。//我們贊賞中國關(guān)注和理解小國和發(fā)展中國家所遇到的問題，我們贊賞中國對(duì)我們經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的有力支持。//我期待在今后的幾天里有機(jī)會(huì)向你們請(qǐng)教，學(xué)習(xí)你們?yōu)樵旄ＹF國人民而促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。// 2.(26)Mr.President,I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks.At this very moment through the wonder of telecommunications,many people are hearing what we say today.//Yes,right now the whole world is watching us.Though what we say here ill soon be forgoten,what we do here will change the world.//We have a social and political system which differs in many respects from your own.It is the result of different experiences and a different tradition.//Given our distinct histories,geographies and cultures,it is inconceivable that we could seee eye to eye on all issues.However,we do agree on the fundamental need for world peace.// 主席先生，我要感謝您那熱情洋溢、雄辯無比的演講。此時(shí)此刻，許多人正在通過神奇的電訊設(shè)備傾聽著我們的講話。//是的，此時(shí)此刻整個(gè)世界都在關(guān)注著我們。雖然我們?cè)诖怂鞯难葜v很快便會(huì)被人們遺忘，但是我們?cè)诖说淖鳛閰s能改變世界。//我國的社會(huì)制度和政治制度在許多方面都與貴國的社會(huì)制度和政治制度不同。這源于我們不同的經(jīng)歷和不同的傳統(tǒng)。//鑒于我們有著截然不同的歷史、地理和文化，很難想象我們會(huì)對(duì)所有問題都有一致的看法。但是對(duì)世界和平的基本需求，我們的看法是一致的。// 3.(33)I have come to China for the beautiful future of our two countries.I am firmly convinced that ,together,we two peoples can and will make tomorrow a better day.//We may be distinctly different in language,customs,and political beliefs,but on many vital questions of our time there is little distance between the American and Chinese people.//China’s economy advances with the dynamics of change.Unlike some governments,which fear change and fear the future,China is beginning to scale new 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

heights.//On behalf of all the members of my delegation,I’d like to express our highest respect for your courage and welcome the opportunity to walk by your side.// 我來中國是為了我們兩國美好的未來。我堅(jiān)信我們兩國人民能夠，也一定會(huì)共同建設(shè)美好的未來。//我們可以有兩種截然不同的語言、習(xí)俗和政治信仰，但在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多至關(guān)重要的問題上，我們兩國人民之間幾乎沒有距離。//中國經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn)，日新月異。與一切懼怕變革，懼怕未來的國家不同，中國開始邁向新的高度。//我謹(jǐn)代表本代表團(tuán)成員向你們所表現(xiàn)出的勇氣致敬，并歡迎有此機(jī)會(huì)與你們并肩前進(jìn)。// “旅游類”：

1.Bristol is a truly beautiful,interesting and fascinating city.Beautiful parks and gardens leak onto interesting lanes and footpaths,while houses and buildings of old times stand magnificently on the hills of the city.//But Bristol is much more than this;it is a modern city where the latest works in contemporary arts can be found and where the night-life is interesting and varied.//Bristol is surrounded by beautiful countryside,rolling hills,and top class holiday resorts.Some of the country’s most fascinating tourist attractions-castles and palaces-are only a short drive away.//Bristol has always envouraged the tourist industry and welcomed tourist from all parts of the world.There is a superb choice of acommodation available and the city is proud of its many restaurants and cafes.// 布里斯托爾的確是一座非常美麗、有趣和迷人的城市。美麗的公園和花園里到處是趣味盎然的路徑，舊時(shí)代的房屋和建筑昂然挺立在城市的山坡上。//然而，布里斯托爾并非僅僅如此；那還是座現(xiàn)代化的城市，有當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的最新作品，也有有趣和豐富多樣的夜生活。//布里斯托爾的四周有美麗的鄉(xiāng)村，起伏不斷的山地，以及一流的度假勝地。從這里出發(fā)到一些全國最迷人的旅游景點(diǎn)，如城堡和宮殿，只有短短的一段車程。//布里斯托爾一向重視旅游業(yè)，歡迎來自世界各地的游客。當(dāng)?shù)赜幸涣鞯淖∷蘅晒┻x擇，還有其引以為豪的眾多餐館和咖啡館。// 2.上海既是一座歷史文化名城，也是當(dāng)今中國最為繁榮的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心之一，成為人們向往的觀光勝地。//上海為旅游者在各方面提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。在上海旅游，不僅方便愉快，而且安全舒適。//上海要長(zhǎng)久吸引旅游者，就應(yīng)該切實(shí)做好各項(xiàng)旅游服務(wù)工作，讓游客獲得賓至如歸的服務(wù)。//我們希望而且相信，上海會(huì)使每一位旅游者流連忘返，“樂不思蜀”，給每一位旅游者留下了美好的回憶。// Shanghai,a famous historical and cultural city,and one of the most prosperous economic centers in China,has become a famous scenic spot that people look forward to visiting.//Shanghai provides tourists with a good infrastructure in every aspect.Touring in Shanghai is not only convenient and pleasant,but also safe and comfortable.//To maintain a lasting charm for tourists,Shanghai should earnestly do a good job in all kinds of tourist services to make them feel at home.//We hope and believe that Shanghai will make every tourist stay a longer time and become too 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

delighted to be homesick.A nice memory of the city will linger in the heart of every tourist.// 3.陽朔是個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，人口不足三萬。它極富盛名，每年有成千上萬的游客趨之若騖，從世界各地涌來。//1998年美國前總統(tǒng)比爾.克林頓來到這里，面對(duì)美不勝收的景致，不忍匆匆離去，以致推遲其香港之行。//陽朔最吸引人的地方就是板石街，又名“西洋街”。該街總長(zhǎng)一千米，有一千四百一十年歷史。//街道兩旁有數(shù)百家商店，主要出售外國人喜歡的仿古制品和紀(jì)念品。徜徉小街，游人會(huì)驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)在這里東西方文明是如此的水乳交融。// Yangshuo is a small country of less than 30,000 people.Nevertheless,it is so famous that it woos thousands of tourists worldwide all the year round.//In 1998,former US president Bill Clinton came here and delayed his trip to Hong Kong because he was reluctant to leave such a lovely place too soon.//The most tempting place in Yanghuo is the Slabstone Street,which has gained a new name as “The Western Street”.The street,with a total length of 1,000 meters,spans a history of 1,410 years.//On both sides of the street are a few hundred shops,selling mainly souvenirs and antiques to(cater for)the foreigners’ tastes.Strolling on the street,tourists will be amazed to find that Eastern and Western culture blend so well here.// 口試“教育類”：

1.Some universities,like Oxford and Cambridge in Britain,are residential,which means students live and study on campus.Other universities are non-residential,which means students have to spend a lot of time to travel daily to their lectures.//There are also part-time students who have to do their work during the day,and they study in the evening.Other part-time students have to study by correspondence.//”The Open Universities”can also help students to gain university degrees.Here,lectures are mainly given on radio or television.However,for a few weeks each year,students can attend vacation courses at universities.//For admission to any university degree course,a student has to pass qualifying examinations.In Britain,there are not enough places for asll secondary school students,so these qualifying examinations are highly competitive.// 英國有些大學(xué)，如牛津和劍橋提供學(xué)生住宿，這就是說學(xué)生在校園里學(xué)習(xí)和生活。其他一些學(xué)校則不提供住宿，也就是說學(xué)生每天要花不少時(shí)間到學(xué)校去聽講座。//還有一些利用業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，他們白天必須工作，晚上學(xué)習(xí)。還有些業(yè)余學(xué)生則不得不通過函授學(xué)習(xí)。//“開放大學(xué)”也能幫助學(xué)生取得大學(xué)學(xué)位，大學(xué)主要通過廣播或電視播出講座。但是每年有幾個(gè)星期，學(xué)生能在大學(xué)里參加假期班的學(xué)習(xí)。//要想攻讀任何大學(xué)學(xué)位課程，學(xué)生必須通過入學(xué)資格考試。由于在英國沒有足夠的名額讓所有中學(xué)生進(jìn)入大學(xué)，因此，這些入學(xué)考試具有很強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。// 2.Last year a research was carried out on the skills of university students.The findings confirm the worry of employers about the lack of basic skills in some university graduates.//The research showed that less than 20% of all university students achieves 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

the levels expected of them in the three key skills,that is,communication,the application of number and information technology.//Some teachers and experts have argued that there are two other key skills which the university students might be expected to show.These skills are to improve their own learning and to work with others.//If we add in these skills,the research showed that only about a dozen university students among nearly two hundred who were tested scored top marks,which is,of course,a very disappointing and uncomfortable figure.// 去掉開展了一次對(duì)大學(xué)生技能的調(diào)查研究。調(diào)查結(jié)果證實(shí)了雇主們對(duì)某些大學(xué)生缺乏基本技能這一現(xiàn)象的擔(dān)憂。//調(diào)查顯示只有不到20%的大學(xué)生在三項(xiàng)基本技能方面達(dá)到了預(yù)期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這三項(xiàng)技能包括交際、數(shù)學(xué)以及(處理)信息技術(shù)。//有些老師和專家認(rèn)為大學(xué)生還應(yīng)該具備另外兩項(xiàng)基本技能，那就是如何提高自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力和同他人共事的能力。//如果我們加上這兩項(xiàng)技能，調(diào)查研究顯示在接受測(cè)試的近200名大學(xué)生中，只有12名左右取得了高分，這個(gè)數(shù)字理所當(dāng)然是令人十分失望和不安的。// 3.大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，書本和課本基本上是一回事，其實(shí)這種想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。//書本并不僅僅是指課本。如果我們僅僅通過課本去學(xué)習(xí)，這就意味著我們把自己局限于生活中很狹小的一個(gè)方面。//大多數(shù)教育專家都強(qiáng)調(diào)“終身學(xué)習(xí)”的重要性，認(rèn)為繼續(xù)教育的一個(gè)重要途徑就是閱讀各種書籍和報(bào)紙雜志。//他們指出，學(xué)習(xí)永無止境，是個(gè)連續(xù)不斷的過程。每一個(gè)人都可以，也完全可以做到：活到老學(xué)到老。// It is a view held by most people that books and textbooks mean almost the same thing,which ,actually,is all wrong.//Books are not just textbooks,and if we only read textbooks,it means that we are concentrating only on one small aspect of life.//Most education experts stress the importance of life-long learning,thinking that an important way of continuing one’s education is by reading books,magazines,and newspapers on every subject.//They point out that education never ends.It is a continuous process.All of us may,and are entirely able to ,accomplish this kind of life-long education.The day we stop learning is the day when we die.4.松江大學(xué)城作為本市最大的大學(xué)社區(qū)，于昨日正式啟用，迎接來自上海外國語大學(xué)、上海外貿(mào)學(xué)院及立信會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)院三所高校的5500名新生。//該大學(xué)城占地306公頃，其中240公頃用于教室等各類教學(xué)設(shè)施，其他用于寢室食堂和商店。整座大學(xué)城的建成將耗資25億人民幣。//松江大學(xué)城的建立，旨在使大學(xué)生得到全面、健康的發(fā)展，即每個(gè)學(xué)生都得以在德、智、體、美各個(gè)方面 有所提高。//按計(jì)劃，今年年底松江大學(xué)城將完成一批大型體育綜合設(shè)施-包括運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)和體育館。據(jù)市教育部門的官員說，這些設(shè)施能承擔(dān)國際性的比賽。// Songjiang College Town,Shanghai’s first planned university community,officially opened yesterday,welcoming 5,500 freshmen from the three institutions of higher learning,that is,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade and Lixin Accounting College.//The college town has an area of 306 hectares,of which 240 hectares will be developed for educational facilities such as the classrooms and rest for 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

dorms,cafeterias and stores.//The(setting-up of the)college town is to met the ducational objective that every student has an overall healthy development while studying in the town.That is,every student is given the best opportunity to grow morally,intellectually,physically and aesthetically.//Scheduled for completion at year’s end is a massive sports complex-with stadiums and gymnasium that can be used for international competitions,according to city education officials.// 口試“禮儀發(fā)言類”：

1.Your Honor Mr.Mayor,thank you very much for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.In the short period of the two week study tour,we have travelled much of your country.// Those were indeed exciting and unforgettable days.We have experienced the warm reception,the utmost courtesy and genuine friendship of the Chinese people.//

We have been deeply impressed by the diversity,dynamism,and progress of China under the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world.// We are glad that we are part of the dramatic process of your change from the planned economy to the market-oriented economy.The cooperative relations between our two countries have become so extensive that they have affected almost all areas of economy.//(2000,3)尊敬的市長(zhǎng)先生，感謝您的精心安排與好客。在短暫的兩周考察中，我們?cè)竭^貴國的許多地方。// 那些日子確實(shí)別人激動(dòng)，令人難忘。我們感覺到的總是中國人民的熱情接待，彬彬有禮和誠摯友情。// 中國在改革開放政策引導(dǎo)下，氣象萬千，充滿活力，不斷進(jìn)步，這些給我們留下了極為深刻的印象。// 貴國正處于一個(gè)由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌的過程，我們很高興能參加與這個(gè)富有戲劇性的轉(zhuǎn)軌過程。我們的合作關(guān)系領(lǐng)域廣闊，幾乎已涉及所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域。// 2.主席先生，女士們，先生們，我宣布英特網(wǎng)服務(wù)國際研討會(huì)開幕，在此我向參加開幕式的各界來賓表示熱烈的歡迎。// 英國和澳大利亞的有關(guān)公司與專家對(duì)本次研討會(huì)的成功召開給予了很大的幫助，對(duì)此我謹(jǐn)致以誠摯的謝意。// 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

海外一些發(fā)達(dá)國家在推動(dòng)英特網(wǎng)服務(wù)事業(yè)方面積累了不少經(jīng)驗(yàn)，值得我們借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)，通過交流，我們可以得到更多的信息與體會(huì)。// 我相信，本次研討會(huì)對(duì)于推動(dòng)英特網(wǎng)在中國的廣泛使用具有積極的作用和深遠(yuǎn)的意義。我預(yù)祝研討會(huì)圓滿成功。// Mr.Chairman,ladies and gentlemen,I declare open the International Symposium on Internet Service.I’d like to extend a warm welcome to our guests from various circles.// I wish to express our sincere thanks to the British and Australian companies and their specialists whose generous help has made possible the successful commencement of this symposium.// Some overseas developed countries have accumulated much experience in promoting Internet service.And their experience deserves our reference and study.Through exchange,we will be able to acquire more information and knowledge.// I believe the symposium will be constructive and significant in popularizing the use of Internet service in China.I wish the symposium a complete success.//

3.我謹(jǐn)代表我們一行的全體成員，感謝董事長(zhǎng)先生的盛情邀請(qǐng)，參加你們的圣誕晚會(huì)。// 圣誕節(jié)確實(shí)是一年中的一段美好時(shí)光。圣誕團(tuán)圓晚會(huì)是人類熱情，團(tuán)結(jié)，以及奉獻(xiàn)的象征。// 今年慶祝圣誕節(jié)對(duì)我們所有人來說更有意義，因?yàn)榻衲晡覀兊暮腺Y企業(yè)的銷售有了顯著增長(zhǎng)。// 我希望我們能保持這種務(wù)實(shí)的合作關(guān)系，使明年的業(yè)績(jī)更加輝煌。讓我們共同舉杯，為明年再創(chuàng)佳績(jī)干杯。// On behalf of all the members of my group,I’d like to thank you,Mr.Chairman,for your gracious invitation for us to attend such an enjoyable Christmas party.// Christmas is really a wonderful time of a year.The christmas get-together party is symbolic of the warmth,union,and decication of mankind.// The celebration of Christmas this year is more meaningful to all of us,because our joint venture has had a remarkable sales growth this year.// 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

I hope we will be able to maintain this practical cooperative relationship and make the coming new year a more fruitful year.May I ask you to make a toast with me to a better business in the coming year.4.今晚，我們很高興在北京大學(xué)兩次接待我們的老朋友格林博士和夫人。//我代表學(xué)校的全體師生員工向格林博士和夫人以及其他新西蘭貴賓表示熱烈歡迎。//我相信格林博士這次對(duì)我校的訪問，必將為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)兩校的友好合作關(guān)系作出重要的貢獻(xiàn)。//明天，貴賓們將要赴南京和上海訪問，我預(yù)祝大家一路旅途愉快。// It gives us great pleasure to play host tonight to our old friends,Dr.and Mrs.Green in Beijing University once again.//On behalf of the faculty ,students and staff of the university ,I wish to extend our warm welcome to Dr.and Mrs.Green and other distinguished New Zealand guests.//I am convinced that Dr.Green’s current visit to our university will surely make an important contribution to further strengthening the friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries.//Our distinguished guests will leave for Nanjing and Shanghai tomorrow.I wish you all a pleasant journey.// 要翻促進(jìn)發(fā)展，一律promote development；要翻許多，通通many。諸如此類的詞匯，被筆者稱之為“濫詞”，即被用到泛濫的詞匯。

如果是追求反應(yīng)速度和效率的口譯部分，這樣的譯文當(dāng)然沒有問題?？墒窃跁r(shí)間充裕的筆譯部分，這樣的簡(jiǎn)單詞匯無疑會(huì)令譯文質(zhì)量打上折扣。至少，無法讓閱卷人眼前一亮，難獲高分。

出于對(duì)以上問題的考慮，筆者總結(jié)了中高級(jí)口譯考試漢英翻譯題中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的30個(gè)常用單詞/詞組的替換方案，以期幫助同學(xué)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)積累一定的亮點(diǎn)詞匯。

需要提醒同學(xué)們注意的有兩點(diǎn)。一是各個(gè)亮點(diǎn)詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞，不可胡亂使用，其具體用法請(qǐng)自行查閱詞典。如waste的替換詞中，squander是動(dòng)詞，luxurious是形容詞，用法完全不同。二是建議同學(xué)在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)自行積累，多多益善，方能在考場(chǎng)上厚積薄發(fā)。（1）give給，提供

offer，supply，provide，furnish，distribute，allocate（2）get得到

receive/accept，gain，acquire，obtain，attain，earn（3）many/much/a lot of/lots of許多 a large number of，a multitude of，plenty of an enormous amount/huge amounts of，a great/good deal of（4）poor貧窮的

poverty-stricken，destitute，impoverished（5）rich富有的

wealthy，well off，affluent，prosperous（6）certainly一定

inevitable，unavoidable，be doomed to，be bound to 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

（7）all所有，全部

universal，widespread，prevalent，whole，entire（8）enough足夠

ample，sufficient，adequate（9）show顯示，展現(xiàn)

indicate，demonstrate，illustrate，suggest，display，showcase（10）risk/danger危險(xiǎn)

hazard，peril，jeopardize，endanger，menace（11）way方法，辦法，手段

measure，method，means，approach（12）catch，attractive吸引，有吸引力的 obsess，immerse，fascinate，enchant charming，inviting，alluring，appealing（13）harm/damage破壞（的），有害（的）

destructive，devastating，detrimental，undermine（14）useful/helpful有用的

effective，practical，valuable，invaluable，conducive（15）great/wonderful偉大的

incredible，amazing，sublime，extraordinary，magnificent，glorious（16）try，effort努力

endeavor，strive to do sth/for sth（17）famous著名的

well-known，celebrated，noted，eminent，renowned（18）difficulty困難，困境

adversity，hardship，plight，predicament setback，hurdle，obstacle（19）focus on集中 center on，concentrate on（20）so所以

consequently，therefore，as a result（21）because因?yàn)?/p>

as a result of；attribute/ascribe A to B（22）press(ure)壓力

place/put a(heavy)burden on；strain（23）about大約

approximately，roughly（24）cooperate合作

Collaborate，join hands in doing sth（25）waste浪費(fèi)（的）Squander，fritter，luxurious（26）save/economical節(jié)約（的）Thrifty，conserve 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

（27）develop發(fā)展

Thrive，evolve，burgeon（28）promote促進(jìn)

Boost，give a boost to，accelerate（29）delay，postpone暫緩，延期 shelve（30）deal with應(yīng)對(duì)，處理

Cope w ith，grapple with，address，tackle 需要提醒同學(xué)們注意的有兩點(diǎn)。一是各個(gè)亮點(diǎn)詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞，不可胡亂使用，其具體用法請(qǐng)自行查閱詞典。如choose/choice的替換詞中，opt是動(dòng)詞，alternative是名詞，用法完全不同。

二是建議同學(xué)在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)自行積累，多多益善，方能在考場(chǎng)上厚積薄發(fā)。

31、Increase增加

Hike，soar；multiply

32、Reduce減少

Lower，Shrink，slash，trim

33、brave勇敢的，大膽的Audacious，bold

34、careful謹(jǐn)慎的，仔細(xì)的Cautious；meticulous；vigilant

35、interest興趣

intrigue

36、sad悲傷，哀痛

lament for/over，mourn

37、happy，glad高興，快樂

delighted

38、replace代替

Substitute，supplant

39、want想要

be eager/keen/anxious to do，long/yearn for sth/to do sth，desire for，aspire to do sth 40、ability能力，才能

Capacity，capability；flair，talent

41、ease減輕，減緩，減弱

Alleviate；relieve；wane

42、plan計(jì)劃

strategy，program，scheme，work/figure out

43、understand理解

Fathom，grasp

44、people人民

citizen，general public，average/ordinary people

45、cause導(dǎo)致，引起

lead to；result in；lead to；give rise to；trigger；contribute to sth 總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 電話：8522-0400 網(wǎng)址：004km.cn

arouse，inspire，spur

46、come from源自于

originate/stem/spring/derive from

47、choose/choice選擇

Opt for/to do；alternative

48、fight against打擊，斗爭(zhēng)

Counter，Battle against；Crack down on；clamp down(hard)on

49、suffer from遭受

Endure，be plagued by，be subject to；be vulnerable to 50、face面對(duì)

Confront；be confronted with；brave

51、Different不同，差異

Distinct，separate；at odds with

52、same相同，相等，一致

Identical，equivalent，be consistent with，tally with

53、criticize批評(píng)

Lambast；slam sb for doing sth

54、strength加強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化

Intensify；cement

55、change改變，變化，改動(dòng)

Alter，vary；adjust

56、organization組織，單位

Outfit

57、prevent/stop阻止，禁止

forbid，prohibit，hinder，curb

58、begin/start開始，著手

embark on；launch，initiate

59、finish/complete完成

accomplish，fulfill，achieve，complete 60、completely/fully完全，十足，徹底

Entirely，thoroughly，utterly，outright

總部地址：工農(nóng)路111號(hào)華辰大廈A座604 郵編：226000 10

電話：8522-0400

004km.cn 網(wǎng)址：

第四篇：英語口譯(二級(jí))講義

英語口譯（二級(jí)）精講班第1講講義

001 二級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)考試介紹

Lecture 1

1、二級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)考試介紹

英語口譯二級(jí)考試分《口譯綜合能力》 和《口譯實(shí)務(wù)》測(cè)試兩部分，旨在檢測(cè)應(yīng)試者的口譯實(shí)踐能力是否達(dá)到專業(yè)譯員水平。合格的應(yīng)試者應(yīng)能熟練運(yùn)用口譯技巧，完整準(zhǔn)確地譯出原話內(nèi)容，無錯(cuò)譯漏譯。

英語口譯實(shí)務(wù)（二級(jí)）考試含“英漢交替?zhèn)髯g”和“漢英交替?zhèn)髯g”。題量各占50%，含總量約1000單詞的英語講話兩篇和總量約1000漢字的漢語講話兩篇，時(shí)間約60分鐘。考試內(nèi)容涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、經(jīng)融貿(mào)易、環(huán)境保護(hù)、衛(wèi)生健康等，跟翻譯專業(yè)所要求掌握的知識(shí)和技能相一致，要求應(yīng)試者知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)分布合理，專業(yè)技能達(dá)到一定的水平。

英語口譯實(shí)務(wù)考試一律采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)錄音的方式，考試結(jié)果記錄在磁帶上。考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)非常細(xì)化，一個(gè)考生的磁帶要有兩個(gè)以上的人去聽，并且聽出來的結(jié)果基本一致，最后再由專家組根據(jù)考生錄音核定成績(jī)。

應(yīng)該說英語口譯實(shí)務(wù)（二級(jí)）考試具有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性，要求應(yīng)試者過語言關(guān)、知識(shí)關(guān)和技術(shù)關(guān)，同時(shí)還要有穩(wěn)定的心理因素。按照翻譯專業(yè)人員的四個(gè)等級(jí)來劃分，即：助理翻譯、翻譯、副譯審和譯審，二級(jí)就是翻譯級(jí)，也就是我們所說的中級(jí)職稱。因此，二級(jí)口譯試題的定位基本上是針對(duì)大學(xué)外語專業(yè)比較優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)生，經(jīng)過幾年的翻譯實(shí)踐應(yīng)能達(dá)到的水平。二級(jí)口譯考試模塊的設(shè)計(jì)也是基于這一理念，即要求應(yīng)試者具備比較全面的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)和良好的雙語互譯能力。具體說來，應(yīng)試者應(yīng)具備良好的語言知識(shí)（Linguistic Knowledge）、語言外的知識(shí)（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。同時(shí)應(yīng)試者還應(yīng)具備敏銳的聽力、良好的短時(shí)記憶、行之有效的筆記、以及準(zhǔn)確靈活的雙語表達(dá)等口譯所必須的基本能力。

2、口譯學(xué)習(xí)講解

技巧和語言基本功相結(jié)合。課程講解同時(shí)關(guān)注這兩點(diǎn)。

3、口譯技巧介紹

口譯技巧(Interpretation Techniques)根據(jù)口譯步驟（信息接收—信息儲(chǔ)存—信息處理—信息輸出）為基礎(chǔ)，總結(jié)出以下技巧：(1)聽辨；

(2)思維理解1—邏輯分析；

(3)思維理解2—信息視覺；

(4)思維理解3 —將認(rèn)知信息納入理解軌道

(5)記憶機(jī)制1—瞬時(shí)記憶、短時(shí)記憶、長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶；

(6)記憶機(jī)制2－記憶訓(xùn)練方法；

(7)筆記方法1—記什么?(8)筆記方法2—怎么記?

(9)數(shù)字口譯1—單純數(shù)字口譯

(10)數(shù)字口譯2—數(shù)字與信息相結(jié)合(11)習(xí)語的口譯；

(12)模糊信息處理技巧；

(13)口譯中的文化差異；

(14)口譯中的句法轉(zhuǎn)換；

(15)語境因素處理技巧；

(16)臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)變技巧。

我們將把這些技巧穿插在我們的講解之中，輔以必要練習(xí)。

4、口譯課程結(jié)構(gòu)介紹

每次課內(nèi)容安排：50分鐘

技巧講解和練習(xí)20' 語言練習(xí)10' 篇章練習(xí)20' 002 聽辨技巧

一、聽辨技巧

“聽辨”，顧名思義，不僅要“聽”還要“辨”，即思考、分析?！奥牨妗笔强谧g過程中的第一個(gè)階段。在這個(gè)過程中我們接收到源語信息，并通過種種分析手段把接收到的信息納入到我們的理解范疇，以便儲(chǔ)存和輸出。毫無疑問，口譯的成敗在很大程度上取決于聽辨的過程。所以大家首先要對(duì)口譯的聽辨過程有一個(gè)透徹的認(rèn)識(shí)，以便有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，以提高自己的聽辨能力。

口譯中的聽辨過程和大家平時(shí)在英語學(xué)習(xí)中所接受的聽力訓(xùn)練是不同的，但二者又有一定的聯(lián)系。

首先，具備良好的聽力水平是培養(yǎng)好的聽辨能力的基礎(chǔ)。換句話說，如果一個(gè)人的外語聽力有問題，那么無論他的語言表達(dá)能力有多強(qiáng)，他都很難勝任口譯工作。然而光有好的聽力還不夠，因?yàn)槁牨孢^程還涉及到其他方面的能力。這一點(diǎn)可以從聽力訓(xùn)練與聽辨過程的區(qū)別中看出來。

1．英語的聽力訓(xùn)練中比較注重語言層面，也就是說他們會(huì)十分注意語音、語調(diào)和語言的表達(dá)及用法等。而譯員在聽辨過程中所注重的是意思，或是講話者的意圖而不是具體的詞句表達(dá)。所以譯員在聽到一段話之后在頭腦中形成的是一個(gè)有邏輯關(guān)系的語意整體，而不僅僅是詞句的簡(jiǎn)單集合。

2．聽力練習(xí)中主要啟動(dòng)聽覺系統(tǒng)，理解只是一個(gè)被動(dòng)而附帶的過程。而譯員在聽辨過程中不僅要啟動(dòng)聽覺系統(tǒng)，還要啟動(dòng)大腦中的分析理解機(jī)制和記憶機(jī)制。也就是說譯員要邊聽、邊分析、邊理解、邊記憶。所以，與一般的外語學(xué)習(xí)相比較而言，專業(yè)譯員要具有更強(qiáng)的分析能力，要會(huì)“一心多用”。

3．在聽的過程中，信息接收是被動(dòng)和跟隨性的，對(duì)信息的反映略顯滯后。而譯員的聽辨過程是積極而主動(dòng)的。在聽的過程中伴有很大程度的預(yù)測(cè)和判斷行為。常常需要調(diào)動(dòng)非語言因素對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、整理、補(bǔ)充和聯(lián)想等。

4．用作聽力訓(xùn)練的材料，信息比較清晰，雜音干擾較少。而譯員在口譯工作中所處的信息環(huán)境是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)性的，因此不確定性因素較多；信息干擾、信息缺失時(shí)有發(fā)生。而且，講話者以交流為唯一目的，在信息發(fā)布過程中并不照顧或考慮譯員的狀態(tài)。

綜上所述，口譯的聽辨過程較一般外語聽力訓(xùn)練過程要復(fù)雜得多，對(duì)能力的要求也要高得多。大家需要建立這樣一個(gè)意識(shí)，即口譯的過程不是一個(gè)信息背誦加字詞翻譯的過程。而是一個(gè)通過聽辨將信息接收、理解，再用譯入語將理解了的信息加以表達(dá)的過程。以下提供一些訓(xùn)練方法供大家參考，以英語聽辨能力的訓(xùn)練為主。

1．可以選擇一些英文有聲資料（最好是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)講話）或是請(qǐng)練習(xí)搭檔模擬現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)言。聽過一段話后，在不記筆記的情況下用源語（英文）進(jìn)行復(fù)述。注意在聽的過程中要把注意力從詞句表達(dá)上移開，而專注于整段話的邏輯意思。在復(fù)述時(shí)不要拘泥于原文的詞句，更不要試圖背原話。意思和邏輯關(guān)系要盡量復(fù)述的準(zhǔn)確完整。

2．在聽辨訓(xùn)練的初級(jí)階段，如果還不能完全掌握邊聽、邊分析、邊記憶的技能，可采取就所聽內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問的方式建立邏輯關(guān)系。比如可以將注意力放在WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 等幾個(gè)要素上。通過這種方式增強(qiáng)邏輯分析意識(shí)，努力跟上講話人的思路，從而對(duì)所聽語篇有一個(gè)正確的理解。

3．每段講話的長(zhǎng)度可隨熟練程度的加強(qiáng)而逐步增加：比如從聽?zhēng)拙湓挼铰犚恍《?，從一小段到一大段到?shù)段等。并且可以嘗試聽各種不同風(fēng)格的講話。選題也可以從比較熟悉的領(lǐng)域逐步擴(kuò)展到比較陌生的領(lǐng)域，以培養(yǎng)臨場(chǎng)適應(yīng)能力和分析綜合的能力。

練習(xí)1：

要求，認(rèn)真聽原文，不要記筆記，根據(jù)WHAT、WHO、WHEN AND WHERE、HOW AND WHY 幾大要素總結(jié)段落大意。

Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea.People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive.It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.Some of them were not sure how to use it.They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves.Then they served them mixed with butter and salt.They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.What's the general idea of this short passage? Compared with the Chinese, People in Europe, particularly in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, and how to use it.They cooked tea leaves as vegetable and served them with butter and salt and even made them part of Children's sandwiches.練習(xí)2 Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea.Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added.She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk.Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it.Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.General idea：

Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.?? On the continent, people used to drink tea without milk until a French lady invented the habit of drinking tea with milk.003 詞匯積累

二、主題練習(xí)——會(huì)議致辭詞匯

詞匯積累

（致）歡迎/開幕/閉幕詞(deliver/make)a welcome/opening/closing speech/address/lecture 開/閉/揭幕式 opening/closing/unveiling ceremony

舉行烈士紀(jì)念碑的揭幕典禮 unveil a monument to the martyrs 為展覽會(huì)揭幕 inaugurate an exhibition 奠基典禮 foundation laying ceremony 開學(xué)典禮 school’s opening ceremony

畢業(yè)典禮 graduation ceremony /commencement 開國大典 founding ceremony of a state 婚禮 wedding ceremony 慶典 celebration 答謝宴會(huì) return banquet 晚宴 evening reception/dinner 招待會(huì)/宴會(huì) reception 冷餐招待會(huì) buffet reception 聯(lián)歡/新年/篝火晚會(huì) get-together/spring festival/campfire party 酒會(huì) cocktail party 宣布…開幕 declare…open;declare the commencement of … 宣布…閉幕 declare the closing/conclusion of … 陛下 Your/His/Her Majesty 殿下 Your/His/Her(Royal/Imperial/Serene)Highness 閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 貴賓們 distinguished guests 尊敬的主席先生respectable/honorable/respected Mr.President 至此… 之際 on the occasion of 代表… on behalf of …

我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)… I would like to take this opportunity to …/ I would like to avail myself of this great opportunity to …

我代表中國政府向各位來賓表示熱烈歡迎，對(duì)會(huì)議的召開表示衷心祝賀!On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.最后，祝各位在北京生活愉快，并祝會(huì)議圓滿成功!

Finally, I wish a full success of the conference and wish you all a pleasant stay here in Beijing.

第五篇：中級(jí)口譯口試講義(新東方)

中級(jí)口譯口試講義

主講：朱巧蓮

第一章

口譯綜述

一、口試部分簡(jiǎn)介

1、常見選題

①選擇性、辯論性話題

②熱點(diǎn)問題：西部大開發(fā)、北京申奧等 ③校園文化話題

④社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、成功、快樂、國家政策等

2、口語應(yīng)試技巧

①多與英美國家人士交流、溝通 ②通過原版外片提高語感 ③背誦好的演講稿

④閱讀報(bào)紙，提高詞匯量，充實(shí)知識(shí)量 ⑤平日進(jìn)行作文練習(xí)

3、口語考試常見問題： ①因?yàn)榫o張忘記事先準(zhǔn)備的例子 ②表達(dá)不流利

4、口譯考試介紹

二、口譯實(shí)考體驗(yàn) 口譯基本功

1、考生具備較高語言水平

2、豐富詞匯量、流利的表達(dá)

3、準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)音

4、較高的文化修養(yǎng)

5、很好的心理素質(zhì)

6、很強(qiáng)的記憶力

7、較強(qiáng)的理解力、分析力、應(yīng)變能力

中外合資是一種互補(bǔ)互惠的合作關(guān)系。外國在華投資可以最大限度地發(fā)揮各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

A Sino-foreign joint venture is a mutually complementary and beneficial partnership.Foreign investment in China can maximize the strengths of both parties concerned.我國幅員遼闊、資源豐富、勞動(dòng)力低廉、消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)潛力大。此外我們還有穩(wěn)定的政治社會(huì)環(huán)境和優(yōu)惠的投資政策。

Our country has massive land, abundant resources, cheap labor and a potential consumer market, in addition to the stable political and social environment and favorable investment policies.發(fā)達(dá)國家有雄厚的資金、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和管理知識(shí)。投資興辦合資企業(yè)時(shí)，外方可以提供資金、機(jī)械、技術(shù)和管理方法。

Developed countries have sufficient funds, advanced technology and managerial expertise.When establishing a joint venture, a foreign partner may bring into the cooperative business capital funds, machinery, advanced technology and management.中方可以提供土地、勞工和部分資金。應(yīng)該說，這種投資方法對(duì)合作雙方來說，具有豐厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)率。

The Chinese partner, on the other hand, may supply land, labor and a portion of the funds.Therefore, this type of investment is supposed to yield fat economic returns for both parties in the partnership.三、近年中口考試特點(diǎn)

1、課本內(nèi)容僅占1/4，其余內(nèi)容來自口譯實(shí)例。

2、英譯漢部分較難。

3、漢譯英通常都可以聽懂，但考生翻譯時(shí)往往出現(xiàn)詞匯量匱乏的問題。

4、注重平日口譯技能的綜合培養(yǎng)。

口譯技能：聽力理解 詞匯量 記筆記 表達(dá)能力 《中級(jí)口譯考試備考精要》上海新東方

考場(chǎng)描述：

My name is … My Registration number is 0509000123.My topic today is…

四、口譯的概述和定義

What is interpretation? Interpretation is an extempore oral reproduction, in one language, of what is said in another language.The most widely-used forms of interpretation Interpretation may assume either of the following two forms: consecutive interpretation(CI)and simultaneous interpretation(SI).In SI, well-equipped booths are necessary.Interpretation Process

理解---------記憶----------再現(xiàn)（表達(dá)）理解是關(guān)鍵

Interpretation criterion

Faithful to the original message and smooth in the target language.準(zhǔn)、順、快

口譯課的目標(biāo)

1、To better students’ English;發(fā)音要改善，口語要流利，聽力要提高，詞匯要擴(kuò)大

2、To introduce and practice interpretation skills(not tips);STM Note-taking Paraphrasing

3、To enlarge students’ scope of knowledge, including LK, ELK 課本的使用

《英語中級(jí)口譯資格證書考試 中級(jí)口譯教程 第二版》 梅德明 《英語高級(jí)口譯全真試題集》 新東方 《中級(jí)口譯備考精要》

新東方

（注：教師講解過程中涉及到的文章已經(jīng)全部收錄在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂的電子講義中）

An Intermediate Course of Interpretation by Prof.Mei Deming as mainline textbook;We won’t deal with each text, though.We will be looking at the important stuff in the book: sentence structures and vocabulary.第二章 禮儀性口譯

《英語中級(jí)口譯資格證書考試 中級(jí)口譯教程 第二版》 梅德明

注：教師講課過程中涉及到的全部課本內(nèi)容，已經(jīng)完整收錄在我們的電子講義中。

一、vocabulary work詞匯預(yù)熱一 world-renowned 世界聞名 diversity 多樣化 dynamism 充滿活力 a special regard 特殊的敬意 nostalgic 懷舊的、思鄉(xiāng)的 memorable 值得回憶的 utmost courtesy 非常的禮貌 extensive 廣泛的

overshadow 使??黯然失色 non-governmental sector 民間組織 foundations 基金會(huì) mutual benefit 互惠互利 good faith 良好的誠意

strategic relationship

戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系 flourish

興旺繁榮

mutual 的搭配

mutual 可以和這些詞搭配

mutual respect/benefit/understanding mutual trust/confidence/courtesy(禮尚往來)

mutual equality/complementarity our mutual friend 我們共同的朋友 mutual aid 互助

mutual promise 相互的約定 by mutual consent 雙方同意 mutual affection 相愛

二、Expressing Thanks

Permit me first to thank you, our Chinese hosts, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality.My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful.首先，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我感謝中國東道主的精心安排與好客，我夫人與我，以及代表團(tuán)的全體人員，都深為感激。

Thank you very much for your kind words of welcome.This is a happy and memorable occasion for me personally as well as for the members of my delegation.我非常感謝閣下的友好歡迎辭，對(duì)我本人以及代表團(tuán)所有成員來說，這是愉快而難忘的一天。

In closing, may I say again how delighted and privileged we are to be in your country.We are deeply grateful for what you have done for us since our arrival in your country.在我結(jié)束講話之前，我想再說一遍，我們來貴國作客是多么的愉快和榮幸。對(duì)于我們抵達(dá)貴國后你們?yōu)槲覀兯龅囊磺?，我們深表感謝。

On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music.我謹(jǐn)代表在座的所有的同事，對(duì)你們那獨(dú)有的、著稱于世的款待表示感謝。我不僅要感謝特別感謝為我們準(zhǔn)備晚宴的人們，而且還要特別感謝演奏優(yōu)美音樂的人們。

表示感謝的常用形式 On behalf of…

For myself and for our entire delegation, On behalf of all the members of my delegation and in my own name, For our Group and myself, 主體結(jié)構(gòu)：I' d like to express / extend my heartfelt thanks to you /warm gratitude hearty gratefulness /sincere thanks to you and through you to Mr.Smith

for your kind invitation(to visit China / to this fair.)/kind hospitality /warm welcome /for giving this grand banquet./for inviting us to such a marvelous dinner tonight.1.I' d like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my earnest gratitude for your help.我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)向你們的幫助表示衷心的感謝。

2.I should like to express my heartfelt gratitude for your gracious reception and hospitality.我愿向你們盛情的接待與款待表示衷心的感謝。

3.Please accept our sincere thanks for your kind invitation.請(qǐng)接受我們對(duì)你友好邀請(qǐng)的真誠感謝。

4.Thank you very much for giving me such an excellent opportunity to visit this beautiful city and work with you.非常感謝你們給我這個(gè)極好的機(jī)會(huì)讓我來訪問這個(gè)美麗的城市并和你們共事。

5.I am very happy to have this second chance of joyful gathering with you.我非常高興和你們?cè)俅蜗嗑邸?/p>

6.I would like to thank Sir Broers, Vice-Chancellor, for the invitation, which brings me to the famous Cambridge University.非常感謝布魯爾斯校長(zhǎng)的邀請(qǐng)，使我來到久負(fù)盛名的劍橋大學(xué)。

三、which從句

This is basically a correct observation, which says something about the American way of life.這種看法基本上是正確的，它反映了美國人的生活方式。

Greyhound is the largest long distance coach company, which offers the monthly pass.“灰狗”汽車公司是美國最大的長(zhǎng)途汽車公司，有月票出售。

Those were happy days.They were good days, important days.We were part of the dramatic process which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship.我們參與了那富有戲劇性的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，它使我們重新走到一起，使我們踏上了通往建立一種真誠友好與合作關(guān)系的道路。

My visit is a symbol of the good faith with which we seek to build up the strength of our friendship, our cultural and commercial ties and our important strategic relationship.我的訪問是良好誠意的象征，我們懷著這種良好誠意，希望能在友誼的基礎(chǔ)上建立文化和商業(yè)關(guān)系，建立重要的戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系。

On behalf of all my colleagues present here, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我謹(jǐn)代表我在座的所有同事，對(duì)你們那獨(dú)有的、著稱于世的款待表示感謝。

So, let us start a long march together on different roads leading to the same goal, the goal of building a world structure of peace and justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation, large or small, has a right to determine its own form of government, its own course of development, free of outside interference or domination.所以，讓我們沿著通往共同目標(biāo)的不同的道路，一起開始新的長(zhǎng)征。這個(gè)目標(biāo)就是建立一個(gè)和平與正義的世界，在這個(gè)世界里所有人都可以站在一起享有同等的尊嚴(yán)，所有國家無論其大小，都有權(quán)決定自己的政府形式，選擇自己的發(fā)展道路，而不受外來干涉或統(tǒng)治。

In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship and cooperation of our two peoples which can lead to friendship and peace for all peoples in the world.本著這種精神，我敬請(qǐng)各位與我一起舉杯，為我們兩國人民之間的友誼與合作干杯，這種友誼與合作能夠帶給全世界人民友誼與和平。

四、口譯實(shí)考題分析

I wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and hospitality.// 我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)，謹(jǐn)代表我所有的同事們，對(duì)你們熱情的迎接和款待表示感謝。

The past five days in China have been truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable.在中國度過的這五天，令人愉快，難以忘懷。I particularly want to pay tribute to our Chinese partners for their sincere cooperation and support in concluding these agreements.我特別要稱頌我們的中國合作者，他們的真誠合作與支持使這項(xiàng)協(xié)議得以簽署。

May I ask all of you present here to join me in raising your glasses, to the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two companies.我敬請(qǐng)各位與我一起舉杯，為我們兩家公司的永久友誼和合作而干杯。

五、vocabulary work詞匯預(yù)熱二

Your Excellency 閣下

cradle of civilization 文明的搖籃 renew old friendship 重溫舊情 establish new contacts 結(jié)交新友

a constant source of encouragement 不斷的鼓舞 in the pursuit of 追求

a common aspiration 共同的愿望 endeavor＝try in the service of 造福于

in closing 最后 privileged 榮幸的

propose a toast 提議??干杯 cheers 干杯 稱呼

Ladies and gentlemen

Your Excellency, My Chinese friends Respected Mr.chairman, ladies and gentlemen Mr.president

“ Your Excellency, Mr.Minister,” Less formally, one may address government officials as: “Mr.8 Director,” “Mr.Minister, ” “Mr.President, ” related other expressions: Your/His/Her majesty

Your/His/Her Highness/ Excellency/Royal Highness Your/His/Her Honor/ Excellency /Madam Mr.Smith, Ladies and Gentlemen, Mr.and Mrs.Smith(“Dr.and Mrs.Green” if applicable)

六、招待口譯常用句型、搭配

1、稱呼常用搭配 gracious invitation on the basis of mutual respect and equality, and mutual benefit;warm welcome generous/incomparable hospitality extraordinary arrangement(精心安排)peace, stability and prosperity

2、英語的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的動(dòng)詞

We, therefore, welcome the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of and positions taken by small and developing countries.China’s support is a constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of the goals of developing and maintaining the independence of our country.我們因而歡迎中國關(guān)注和理解小國和發(fā)展中國家所遇到的問題以及所持的立場(chǎng)。中國的支持始終鼓勵(lì)著我們追求發(fā)展與保持我國獨(dú)立的立場(chǎng)。

I look forward, in the next few days, to the opportunity of learning something from your endeavour and experience in promoting economic and social development in the service of your people.我期待著在今后的幾天里有機(jī)會(huì)向你們學(xué)習(xí)，從你們?yōu)樵旄Ｈ藗兌龠M(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的奮斗和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)到一些東西。

I’d like to take this opportunity to extend to Your Excellency an invitation to visit my country, so that we will have an opportunity to return the warm welcome and generous hospitality you extended to us.我愿意借此機(jī)會(huì)邀請(qǐng)閣下訪問我國，以便我們能有機(jī)會(huì)回報(bào)你們給予我們的熱情歡迎和盛情款待。

3、祝酒

May I propose a toast To the health of Your Excellency, To the health of all the Chinese friends, Cheers!現(xiàn)在由我祝酒 為閣下的身體健康，為所有中國朋友的身體健康，干杯！

May I ask you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two cities.Now I would like to invite you to join me in a toast to the friendship and cooperation between our two cities.Ladies and Gentlemen, allow me to propose a toast.With the wine of the host, I request you all to raise your glasses and drink to the health of Smith!

4、實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)

Thank you very much for your gracious speech of welcome.China is one of the earliest cradles of civilization and a visit to this ancient civilization has long been my dream.我非常感謝您熱情友好的歡迎詞。中國是最古老的文明搖籃之一，訪問這個(gè)文明古國是我多年夢(mèng)寐以求的愿望。

This visit will give me an excellent opportunity to meet old friends and establish new contacts.這次訪問給與我一次極好的機(jī)會(huì)拜訪老朋友，結(jié)交新朋友。I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to visit your great country and this lovely town.我為自己能訪問偉大的貴國和這座美麗的城市，再次表達(dá)我的愉快之情和榮幸之感。

I am deeply grateful for everything you have done for me since my arrival in China.我對(duì)您為我到達(dá)貴國后所作的一切安排深表謝意。

第三章 中國傳統(tǒng)文化

一、“傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日”單詞預(yù)熱 vocabulary work 烹調(diào) cooking cuisine 魚肉滿架 well stocked with fish and meat 象征意義 symbolic significance 農(nóng)歷 lunar calendar 陽歷 solar calendar 端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival 元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival 清明節(jié) Pure Brightness Day 重陽節(jié) Double Ninth Day 放逐 be exiled 忠臣 loyal minister 糯米粽子 glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves 祭祀亡靈 in memory of sb.龍舟比賽 dragon boat races 中秋節(jié) Mid Autumn Festival 滿月 full moon 月餅 moon cake 蜜餞 preserved fruits 豆沙 bean paste 11 蛋黃 egg yolk 海鮮 seafood 家禽 poultry 餃子 dumplings 八寶飯 eight treasure rice 米羹 rice balls 油條 fried sticks 麻花 fried twisted stick 炒面 Chaomian 叉燒包 steamed bun with roast pork 粥 porridge 芋頭 taro 蔥油餅 pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion 有關(guān)春節(jié)的常用詞 放鞭炮 let off firecrackers 耍龍燈 play the dragon lantern 耍獅子 play the lion dance 拜年 pay a new-year call

二、有關(guān)“介紹”的翻譯 ?

? 我很高興向各位介紹中國的主要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。

I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays.?

? 表示“介紹情況”時(shí)，我們可以這樣翻譯： 1.to share with you brief information 在此，我愿意向朋友們介紹這些方面的情況。

I'd like to share with you brief information in this respect.2.to brief you on 借此機(jī)會(huì)，我愿意向各位朋友介紹中國加入世貿(mào)組織和參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的有關(guān)情況。?

? I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to brief you on China's accession to WTO and participation in economic globalization.3.to give a brief account of 我簡(jiǎn)單介紹我廠的情況。

Let me, first of all, give you a brief account of this factory.在來賓們參觀我校之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下我校的概況。

Before you start to look around, I would like to give you a brief account of our school.4.to tell us how/what 請(qǐng)主席先生介紹一下中國農(nóng)村扶貧運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況。

Will Mr.Chairman tell us how the anti-poverty drive is going on in China? 5.to show you 我想向您介紹一下我們初步擬定的活動(dòng)日程。I would like to show you our tentative itinerary.6.to provide sb.with some information 借此機(jī)會(huì)，向各位介紹上海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和開展國際經(jīng)貿(mào)交往的一些情況。I’d like to take this opportunity to provide you with some information about Shanghai’s economic development and its foreign trade.7.share a piece of my mind ?

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三、實(shí)考題分析

中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食除了在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上與平時(shí)有所不同之外，一些歷史悠久、具有象征意義的食物也是節(jié)日必不可缺的伴侶。

Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality.In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.例如，我國的端午節(jié)是紀(jì)念古代詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子。

For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.13 中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。

The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and family reunion.The special food of the day is the yuebing, a round moon cake.春節(jié)是中國的農(nóng)歷新年，除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)菜肴，如餃子和年糕。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.四、“武術(shù)”單詞預(yù)熱 vocabulary work 武術(shù)

martial art 武術(shù)宮 martial art palace 健身 bodybuilding 減肥 lose weight 填寫登記表 fill in a form 會(huì)員卡 membership card 古代格斗術(shù) form of combat習(xí)武 practice martial art 中國武術(shù)協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Martial Arts Association 扣人心弦的表演 thrilling performance 雜技 acrobatics 頂尖/身懷絕技/無懈可擊的 top/first-rate/ 武林高手 professional martial artist warrior, sumono, knight, errant, martial artist, swordsman

單句翻譯練習(xí)：

武術(shù)又稱功夫，在中國已經(jīng)有1000年歷史了。

Wushu, known as Kongfu or martial arts, has a history of a thousand years in China.中國的勞動(dòng)人民練習(xí)武術(shù)以強(qiáng)身健體和自我保護(hù)，武術(shù)至今仍大受歡迎。

The working people in China practice Wushu for physical training and self-defense and Wushu is still immensely popular today.中國武術(shù)還引起了外國人的興趣，在全世界不少國家，都有人學(xué)習(xí)武術(shù)。

Chinese Wushu has also aroused interest among foreigners and is taught in many countries throughout the world.練習(xí)武術(shù)有各種各樣的固定套路，有的要赤手空拳，有的要拿武器。

Wushu is practiced in various types of set exercises, either bare-handed or with weapons.武術(shù)是中國特有的民族運(yùn)動(dòng)，它可以鍛煉身體，培養(yǎng)意志力，訓(xùn)練打斗技巧。

A unique Chinese national sport, Wushu builds strong bodies, steels the willpower and gives training in fighting skills.五、實(shí)考題分析

歡迎光臨上海武術(shù)中心。在這里您可以健身、減肥、結(jié)交朋友，以及了解中國文化。

Welcome to Shanghai Martial Arts Center.Here you can do exercise to build up your body, reduce your weight, make new friends, as well as learn about Chinese culture.我們的武術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)還為各位來賓準(zhǔn)備了精彩的節(jié)目。除了武術(shù)表演，您還可以觀賞京劇節(jié)目和雜技表演。

In addition, our Martial Art Association has prepared some fabulous programes for our visitors.You can watch martial art performances, Peking Opera and acrobatic shows.倘若您想親身體驗(yàn)一下中國武術(shù)，我們可以派一流的教師進(jìn)行團(tuán)體或個(gè)別指導(dǎo)。If you want to get some personal experience with Chinese martial arts, we have first class teachers for individual or group training.我們的武術(shù)專賣店出售有關(guān)中華武術(shù)的圖書資料、錄像帶和激光視盤。滿足您的需要是本中心的服務(wù)宗旨。

Our martial art store sells books, video tapes and VCDs on Chinese martial arts.To meet your need is the purpose of our service.六、傳統(tǒng)文化詞匯補(bǔ)充

氣功

controlled breathing exercise 春聯(lián)

spring couplet 剪紙

paper-cut 戲劇臉譜

theatrical mask 國畫

traditional Chinese painting 中藥

TCM 單口相聲

monologue comic talk 對(duì)口相聲

witty dialogue;comic cross talk 馬戲

circus performance 傳說

legend 神話

mythology 寓言

fable 二十四節(jié)氣

the twenty-four solar terms 四大發(fā)明：

火藥

gunpowder 印刷術(shù)

movable type printing 造紙術(shù)

paper making 指南針

compass

四書：

大學(xué)

The Great Learning 中庸

The Doctrine of the Mean 論語

The Analects of Confucius 孟子

the Mencius 孫子兵法

The art of War 三國演義

Three Kingdoms 西游記

Journey to the West

Monkey King 紅樓夢(mèng)

Dream of the Red Mansions

Story of the Stone 水滸傳 Outlaws of the Marsh

All men are brothers 詩經(jīng)

The Book of Songs 書經(jīng)

The Books of History 易經(jīng)

I Ching The Book of Changes 禮記

The Book of Rites 孝經(jīng)

Book of Filial Piety 三字經(jīng)

three word chant 八股文

stereotyped writing 重要文化遺產(chǎn)

major cultural heritage

第四章

實(shí)考題分析

一、口語題目范文分析

Good Health As a popular saying goes: “Health is better than wealth.” Good health enables one to enjoy his life and achieve what he hopes for in his career.On the other hand, poor health tends to deprive one of his interest in everything around him.Therefore, health is indispensable to one’s happy life.There are many ways, I think, which can help to build up one’s health.In the first place, those who always work from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress can lead to poor performance and ill health.Secondly, if one wants to keep healthy, he must give up the habits that damage his health.Finally, regular exercises are essential for a healthy mind and body.To the best of my knowledge, there is nothing more healthful than a brisk walk in the morning.Personally, I like running in the morning.And I have benefited a lot of from it.My health condition is getting better and better.So I will persist in doing so in the future.這篇口語表述中運(yùn)用到的技巧：

1、引用諺語

2、使用常用短語和句型

3、作比較

4、使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞

5、用明確的詞表明自己的觀點(diǎn)

6、用自己舉例子

7、常用的序數(shù)詞

小貼士：口語闡述時(shí)最好能加上自己的親身經(jīng)歷

二、口譯實(shí)考練習(xí)

三、口譯實(shí)考分析 英譯漢 Passage 1: In terms of its impact on our society, I think AIDS will certainly be the number one serious public-health hazard going into the next century.//

從對(duì)我們社會(huì)所造成的影響這個(gè)角度來看，我認(rèn)為艾滋病必定是我們進(jìn)入下一世紀(jì)的頭號(hào)健康大敵。

AIDS ：Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome

Among all the ways and means, a massive educational campaign is the only thing conceivable at the moment that can really help.// 在所有措施中，開展大規(guī)模的教育活動(dòng)是目前唯一行之有效的辦法。

Some people argue that a nationwide, or worldwide, educational campaign on AIDS awareness is difficult, expensive and therefore impossible.I think their argument is groundless.// 有些人認(rèn)為，在全國范圍或全世界范圍開展提防艾滋病的教育活動(dòng)難度大，代價(jià)高，因而無法實(shí)施。我認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)是毫無根據(jù)的。

We'll have to convince people that they're better of knowing than not knowing the fact, because they can take actions, treat the problem and control AIDS infection with appropriate drugs.我們應(yīng)該使人們相信，了解實(shí)際情況總比蒙在鼓里好，因?yàn)榱私鈱?shí)情后我們便可以行動(dòng)起來，共同研討這一問題，并可以用適當(dāng)?shù)乃幬飦砜刂萍膊〉膫魅?。參考書錄《中高?jí)口譯口試備考精要》

Passage 2: People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it.// 不同文化背景的人在一起有時(shí)會(huì)做出一些令對(duì)方感到不舒服的事，他們并非故意要這樣做，有時(shí)甚至連自己也未察覺。

Most Americans are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and ringing people together formally or informally.// 大多數(shù)美國人通常天真、率直，友好坦率，喜歡結(jié)識(shí)人，歡迎客人來訪，愿意召集正式的或非正式的聚會(huì)。

They tend to be informal and speak freely.So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel.They will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again.//

美國人往往不拘禮節(jié)，說話毫無拘束。所以要是你的美國主人做出了使你感到不舒服的事，你應(yīng)該設(shè)法讓他們知道你的感受。他們會(huì)喜歡你的誠實(shí)態(tài)度，盡量不再做你不喜歡的事。

Sometimes Americans are said to be superficially friendly.Perhaps it seems so.Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends with people in the United States.有時(shí)美國人的友善會(huì)被視為一種表面現(xiàn)象。或許看上去確實(shí)是這么一回事。同其他地方一樣，與美國人結(jié)成真正的朋友是需要一段時(shí)間的。

補(bǔ)充：文化差異方面的口譯練習(xí)

Much business in the United States is conducted on the telephone.The average businessman spends much of his time on the telephone making business contacts.在美國許多生意都是通過電話談的。一般的生意人都花很多時(shí)間打電話，接洽生意。

However, it usually will not be convenient to make initial contracts between Chinese and U.S.businesses by telephone.但是，中國公司和美國公司通過電話商討初步協(xié)議通常很不方便。

There is no particular style to American negotiations.The way the negotiations are conducted will vary from one business to another and will depend upon the individuals involved.與美國人談判并無特別的樣式。談判的方式視業(yè)務(wù)不同而不同，取決于參與談判的人員。

Although Americans have a reputation for making quick decisions, this is not always true when a corporation is involved in a major venture or a large project.Therefore, you should also be prepared for lengthy negotiations.雖然美國人享有決策果斷的聲譽(yù)，但是，在公司著手進(jìn)行主要或重大項(xiàng)目時(shí)，決策并非總是果斷的。因此，你也要做好準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行冗長(zhǎng)的談判。

四、口譯實(shí)考分析 漢譯英

Passage 1: 中餐桌上最神奇、最有特色的用餐工具莫過于筷子。幾千年來我們中國人一直視筷子為一種最簡(jiǎn)單同時(shí)也是最有效的用餐工具。

No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks.For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest possible and the most efficient tool for meals.關(guān)于筷子的用料，其種類各有不同，選材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、金銀等。Chopsticks can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, jade, ivory, plastic, gold and silver and so on.對(duì)于西方人來說，掌握用筷的方法和技巧在開始時(shí)也許難度很大，但是只要有耐心，用心去練，不久便可以熟練地使用筷子享用中餐。

For Westerners, the mastery of the method and skills for using chopsticks may be quite challenging at the beginning.But as long as you have patience and concentrate on practice, you will soon be able to use chopsticks skillfully enough to enjoy a Chinese meal.如果想享用一頓真正意義上的中餐，那么花時(shí)間耐心學(xué)習(xí)用筷技藝不僅很有必要，而且也很有趣。

If you want to enjoy a Chinese meal in the real sense, it is not only necessary, but also very interesting, to spend some patient time learning to acquire the skills of using chopsticks.Passage 2：

中國是一個(gè)多民族國家，具有經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡的特點(diǎn)。在這塊遼闊的土地上，人們使用多種語言和方言。

China is a multi-national country featuring unbalanced economic development, In the vast territory, different languages ad various dialects are used.//

幾十年來，政府一直號(hào)召推廣普通話，作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漢語，但在相當(dāng)多的人口中，普通話還未能成為日常使用的交流工具。

Even though the government has called for popularization of Mandarin as the standard Chinese language for decades, it has not become the daily-use communication tool among a considerable number of the people.//

這顯然阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)進(jìn)步。毫無疑問，推廣和提倡使用普通話對(duì)加快中國改革開放的步伐是舉足輕重的。

This obviously hinders economic development and social progress.Undoubtedly the popularization and promotion of Mandarin is vital to speeding up China's reform and opening up drive.//

這樣做，將有助于提高漢語信息管理技術(shù)，因此，符合全體中國人民的根本利益。It will help improve the technology of information management in Chinese.Therefore, it is the basic interests of all Chinese.20

補(bǔ)充有關(guān)餐桌禮儀的句子翻譯

中國人吃飯用筷子，西方人則用餐刀、餐叉。有些人會(huì)用筷子，但大多數(shù)人則不行，所以在西方客人擺餐具時(shí)，筷子旁邊再擺上刀叉是很明智的做法。

Chinese eat with chopsticks while most of the westerners eat with knives and forks.Some westerners may be quite good at using chopsticks, but most of them are not, therefore when setting a table at which westerners are entertained, it is always advisable to place knives and forks along side the chopsticks.中國的宴席，把菜肴擺在餐桌中央。西方人則不習(xí)慣把手伸得老長(zhǎng)，滿桌子揮舞。然而，中國人的習(xí)慣就是各人從餐桌中央菜盤子里夾菜。所以，宴請(qǐng)外國客人時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該向他們講明白。

At Chinese dinner parties, the dishes are usually placed in the middle of the table.Westerners are not used to reaching for something over the table.But in China, it is usual to help oneself to the food placed at the center of the table.So when we entertain foreign guests, we should explain such table manners to them.中國人請(qǐng)客，主人總是不斷往客人的盤子里夾菜。這使外國客人覺得非常尷尬。即便是不喜歡的菜品，他也得吃下去，因?yàn)樵谖鞣?，把食物剩在盤子里是極不禮貌的行為。At a Chinese dinner, the host always puts more food on to the guest's plate.That often makes a foreign guest feel very awkward.He has to eat the food even if he doesn't feel like it, because it is considered bad manners in the west to leave one's food on the plate.與此相反，一個(gè)中國人出席，比方說，一個(gè)美國人舉行的宴會(huì)，他常常辭謝遞給他的食物或飲料。雖然他其實(shí)還餓著或渴著。這在中國可能是禮貌之舉。

On the contrary, a Chinese sits at, say, an American’s dinner party, he very often refuses the offer of food or drinks though in fact he is still hungry or thirsty.This might be good manners in China, but it is definitely not in the West.五、中國國情的翻譯內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充

經(jīng)過半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的艱苦努力，特別是二十多年的改革開放，中國已邁入全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的發(fā)展新階段。

After over half a century of strenuous efforts, more than two decades of reform and opening-up in particular, China has now entered a new stage of development aimed at building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.但中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，人口多、底子薄是中國的基本國情。中國實(shí)現(xiàn)自身發(fā)展的道路依然艱苦而漫長(zhǎng)。

However, China is still a developing country, large population and inadequate economic development remain its basic national conditions.It has a long way to go before achieving its development goals.21 中華人民共和國是全國人民共同締造的統(tǒng)一的多民族國家。迄今為止，中國有56個(gè)民族。

The People’s Republic of China is a united multi-national state founded jointly by the people of all nationalities.So far, there are 56 nationalities.與漢族相比，其他55個(gè)民族人口相對(duì)較少，因此他們?cè)诹?xí)慣上被稱為“少數(shù)民族”。

Compared with the Han nationality, China’s other 55 ethnic groups have a relatively small population, thus they are customarily referred to as ethnic minorities.1990年中國進(jìn)行了第四次人口普查，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在全國總?cè)丝谥校瑵h族人口約占92%，少數(shù)民族人口占8%。

According to the fourth national census conducted in 1990, the Han nationality accounts for 92 percent of the country’s total population, and minority ethnic groups account for 8 percent.在長(zhǎng)期的歷史發(fā)展過程中，中華民族這個(gè)大家庭中的各族人民經(jīng)過融合和遷移，形成了今天的分布格局。

During China’s long history of development, the people of various nationalities in China migrated and mingled, which eventually brought about today’s distribution.六、口譯考試備考方式

1、充分利用口譯教程

2、復(fù)習(xí)過程中注意句式的把握，特別注意課本中術(shù)語、套詞、句式的記憶

3、眼睛、嘴巴、手三者兼顧

4、多看口譯的案例