第一篇：過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如：
He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過(guò)桂林。(只說(shuō)明去桂林的時(shí)間)
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)
3.兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞”。如：
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？
① Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[說(shuō)明] 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問(wèn)者對(duì)劇情是否了解；(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過(guò)，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[說(shuō)明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問(wèn)做這件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
[說(shuō)明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過(guò)8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。
輕松記憶初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō):過(guò)去式是用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)的,過(guò)去分詞用在完成時(shí)態(tài)的.具體點(diǎn):就是分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞兩種情況來(lái)講：形式變化：
一.規(guī)則，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是在詞末加-ed
二.不規(guī)則，要背不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。
用法：
過(guò)去式用于“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”
過(guò)去分詞要和其它成分連用。
1.have has +過(guò)去分詞（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
2.had+過(guò)去分詞（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）
3.be+過(guò)去分詞（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）
過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)動(dòng)詞的“過(guò)了”、“完了”等意思，漢語(yǔ)里表達(dá)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間時(shí)采用的是前后加字法，即在動(dòng)詞的前面或后面加字，如表達(dá)做過(guò)和做完，只要在動(dòng)詞的后面加上“過(guò)了”、“完了”就行了，如吃過(guò)了、看過(guò)了。而英語(yǔ)采用的是變形法，即不加字，而是讓動(dòng)詞本身發(fā)生變化，如eat變成ate，see變成saw，ate、saw就是表達(dá)“吃過(guò)了”、“看過(guò)”的過(guò)去式。
而“過(guò)去分詞”則完全是另一回事，它的寫法和過(guò)去式有時(shí)一樣有時(shí)不一樣（簡(jiǎn)單詞多不一樣，長(zhǎng)詞多一樣），但用法完全不一樣，它有時(shí)表達(dá)“被……”，有時(shí)表達(dá)“完成……”，不僅可以做動(dòng)詞，還可以做形容詞
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞由詞尾加ed構(gòu)成，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化因詞而異。但如對(duì)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞做一分析，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“規(guī)則”。為方便同學(xué)們記憶，現(xiàn)將初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱中的69個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。
一、AAA型（原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形）：
costcostcostcutcutcut
letletletputputput
readreadread
二、ABB型（過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞同形）：
bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuilt buyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfelt findfoundfoundgetgotgothavehadhadhearheardheard holdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlearnlearntlearntleaveleftleft
lendlentlentmakemademade meetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsold
sendsentsentshineshoneshonesitsatsatsleepsleptslept smellsmeltsmeltspendspentspent standstoodstoodteachtaughttaught
telltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstood
三、ABC型（原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞各異）：
bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegun blowblewblownbreakbrokebroken dodiddonedrawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriven eatateeatenfallfellfallen
flyflewflownforgetforgotforgottengivegavegivengowentgone growgrewgrownknowknewknown lielaylainrideroderidden ringrangrungseesawseen showshowedshownsingsangsung speakspokespokenswimswamswum taketooktakenthrowthrewthrown wakewokewokenwearworeworn writewrotewritten
四、ABA型（原形與過(guò)去分詞同形）：
becomebecamebecomecomecamecome
五、AAB型（原形與過(guò)去式同形）：
beatbeatbeaten
第二篇：過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this morning, tonight ,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until,up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例：
I saw this film yesterday.（過(guò)去時(shí)）我昨天看了這個(gè)電影（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）我看過(guò)這部電影了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（一般過(guò)去是得疑問(wèn)句）
為什么你起得這么早（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。）
She has returned from Paris.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)人已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了巴黎）
句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents
第三篇：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。
We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）
We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在）
（1）表完成和結(jié)果：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：-Have you had lunch yet?
在我不餓了）
（2）表持續(xù)：從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。
如：He has taught here since 1981.（可能還要繼續(xù)教）
（3）表經(jīng)驗(yàn)：說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有twice, ever,never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last
Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。
如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)
過(guò)。
He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。
d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我 沒(méi)有。
How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？
（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)
刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come, arrive, buy等
短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由
短暫性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：
arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be back
leave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1-Yes, I have.I've just had it.（現(xiàn)
go out →be outfinish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of?close →be closedgo to school →be a student
borrow →keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study →studycome to work →work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。
4.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)
（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）；have
gone(to)表示去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩
次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。
如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去
世已有兩年了。
（3）短暫性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)
連用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。
(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常
用 for＋一段時(shí)間, since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since+一段時(shí)間+ago.如：I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。
(5)在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long。如：How long have you lived here?
注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：
I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。
I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。
I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。
二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。
1.過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)
過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2.過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，?ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間
狀語(yǔ)
共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in
past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, work, study,know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。
---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。
（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made?have triedB.made?have triedC.has made?triedD.made?tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A.learned?hasB.learned?didC.has learned?hasD.has learned?did
3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!
A.has got?isB.has climbed?wasC.got ?wasD.climbed?is
4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did?copy?didB.Have?copied?haveC.Have?copied?didD.Did ?copy?had
5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”
A.did?get?shoutedB.has?got?shoutedC.did?get?has shoutedD.has?got?has shouted
6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A.Have ?seen?did?see
C.Have?seen?have?seenB.Did ?see?did?watchD.Did ?see?have?seen
7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept?waitedB.have kept?waitedC.kept?have waitedD.have kept?have waited
8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has?been?has gone B.has?gone?has beenC.did?go?wentD.did?be?went
9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has?cried?has stoppedB.Is?crying?stopped
C.Did ?cry?stoppedD.Is?crying?has stopped
10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew?have livedB.knew?liveC.know?have livedD.know?live
11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have?gone toB.Have?gone inC.Have?been toD.Have ?been in
12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at
13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined?isB.has joined?has beenC.had joined?isD.had joined ?has been
14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came?have sentB.came?had sentC.come?have sentD.had come?sent
15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went?tookB.went?had takenC.had gone?tookD.had gone?had taken
16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found?had beenB.had found?wasC.found?had beenD.found?was
17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches?has got B.reached?had gotC.reached?gotD.had reached?got
18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote?heardB.wrote?had heardC.had written?heardD.have written?hear
19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say?had stoppedB.said?has stoppedC.say?stoppedD.said?had stopped
20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get?had hadB.got?had hadC.had got?had hadD.got?hadn’t had
21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew?arrivedB.had flown?had arrivedC.flew?had arrivedD.had flown?arrived
22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says?has rainedB.says?had rainedC.said?had rainedD.said?rained
23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked?knewB.had worked?had knownC.worked?knewD.worked?had known
24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got?had waitedB.got?waitedC.had got?waitedD.got?had waited
25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen
26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live
27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted
28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never mind.A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.have returned
29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone
30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to America
B.He has gone to EnglandD.He would visit my grandparentsC.He is going to Australia
31.They have ______ since the factory opened.A.left the schoolB.joined the teamC.become workersD.worked here
32.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to
33.It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.A.was, movedB.was, have movedC.is, have movedD.is, moved
34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go
35.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket.A.didn’t loseB.have lostC.will loseD.didn’t have
36.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago
37.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?
A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing
38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her parents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have
第四篇：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別專題
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別專題
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）
I knew him in 1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）
We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在）
（1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。-Have you had lunch yet?
-Yes, I have.I've just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。
如：He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）
I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。
（3）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。
如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。
He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。
d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我 沒(méi)有。
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？
（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：
arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on
die→be deadcome back→be back
leave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be upgo out→be out
finish →be overput on→wear 或be on
open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…
close→be closedgo to school→be a student
borrow→keepbuy→have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study→studycome to work→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。
We have studied English for three years.我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。
4.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)
（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。
He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。
如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用 for＋一段時(shí)間, since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。
I have lived here for 10 years.我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。
(5)在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long
How long have you lived here?
注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：
I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。
I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。
I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。
二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。
I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。
1.過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。
2.過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）
She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))
He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
---He's already been sent for.句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題
1.A.用 already或 yet
1)Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___
3)He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.B.用 since或 for
1)We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.3)I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.C.用have gone或 have been
1)Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.2)Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times
3)He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.2.選擇填空
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made…h(huán)ave triedB.made…h(huán)ave triedC.has made…triedD.made…tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A.learned…h(huán)asB.learned…didC.has learned…h(huán)asD.has learned…did
3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!
A.has got…isB.has climbed…wasC.got …wasD.climbed…is
4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did …copy…h(huán)ad
5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”
A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shouted
C.did…get…h(huán)as shoutedD.has…got…h(huán)as shouted
6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A.Have …seen…did…seeB.Did …see…did…watch
C.Have…seen…h(huán)ave…seenD.Did …see…h(huán)ave…seen
7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept…waitedB.have kept…waitedC.kept…h(huán)ave waited D.have kept…h(huán)ave waited
8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…h(huán)as gone B.has…gone…h(huán)as beenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has…cried…h(huán)as stoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did …cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…h(huán)as stopped
10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew…h(huán)ave livedC.knew…liveC.know…h(huán)ave livedD.know…live
11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have…gone toB.Have…gone inC.Have…been toD.Have …been in
12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at
13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined…isB.has joined…h(huán)as beenC.had joined…isD.had joined …h(huán)as been
14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came…h(huán)ave sentB.came…h(huán)ad sentC.come…h(huán)ave sentD.had come…sent
15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went…tookB.went…h(huán)ad takenC.had gone…tookD.had gone…h(huán)ad taken
16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found…h(huán)ad beenB.had found…wasC.found…h(huán)ad beenD.found…was
17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches…h(huán)as gotB.reached…h(huán)ad gotC.reached…gotD.had reached…got
18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote…h(huán)eardB.wrote…h(huán)ad heardC.had written…h(huán)eardD.have written…h(huán)ear
19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say…h(huán)ad stoppedB.said…h(huán)as stoppedC.say…stoppedD.said…h(huán)ad stopped 20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get…h(huán)ad hadB.got…h(huán)ad hadC.had got…h(huán)ad hadD.got…h(huán)adn’t had
21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew…arrivedB.had flown…h(huán)ad arrived
C.flew…h(huán)ad arrivedD.had flown…arrived
22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says…h(huán)as rainedB.says…h(huán)ad rainedC.said…h(huán)ad rainedD.said…rained
23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked…knewB.had worked…h(huán)ad known
C.worked…knewD.worked…h(huán)ad known
24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got…h(huán)ad waitedB.got…waitedC.had got…waitedD.got…h(huán)ad waited
25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？
-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen
26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted 練習(xí)答案：
1.A.1)already, yet2)already3)yet
B.1)since2)since3)since
C.1)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been
2.BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB
第五篇：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday , lastweek , amomentago等）連用。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有如下四類：
⑴現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。
⑵現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來(lái)），sofar（到目前為止），inthe past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。
⑶現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。
⑷現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。
有時(shí)候是根據(jù)表時(shí)間的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)判斷，如果沒(méi)有的話，就看是著重于問(wèn)一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí)還是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成了對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定影響了這個(gè)事件。
你提出的問(wèn)題：你還記得你上次去中國(guó)旅游是什么時(shí)候嗎？（它本身就是問(wèn)現(xiàn)在是否記得嘛，所以說(shuō)一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不存在用過(guò)去式和完成式）
did you remember sth.表示你過(guò)去某個(gè)
時(shí)候記得/記起某件事沒(méi)有。have you remembered sth.表示你（已經(jīng)）記住了某件事沒(méi)有。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞”。如：
看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？
① Have you seen the film?(A)
Did you see the film?(B)
[說(shuō)明] 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問(wèn)者對(duì)劇情是否了解；(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過(guò)，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。
② How has he done it?(A)
How did he do it?(B)
[說(shuō)明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問(wèn)做這件事的方式。
③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)
He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)
[說(shuō)明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過(guò)8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。
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