第一篇：初中 高中英語-如何做完型填空-詞性總結(jié)

單詞在句子中做不同成分時(shí)的變化規(guī)律

一，認(rèn)真看每一個(gè)單詞，讀懂句子意思，猜出要填寫的單詞。

二，看句子屬于哪種結(jié)構(gòu)，是主系表還是主謂賓，分析出所缺的單詞是在句子中做什么成分。主語：一般要用名詞，代詞主格，數(shù)詞，短語，或句子如果是動(dòng)詞要改成動(dòng)名詞，或動(dòng)詞不定式。

賓語：一般要用名詞，代詞賓格，數(shù)詞，短語或句子。動(dòng)詞要改成動(dòng)名詞，或動(dòng)詞不定式。

謂語：要用動(dòng)詞。謂語動(dòng)詞要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。

系動(dòng)詞：be 動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞，變得動(dòng)詞等。也要考慮時(shí)態(tài)變化。

表語：一般是形容詞，名詞，代詞賓格。

定語：一般是形容詞或名詞或數(shù)詞或介詞短語，或者句子。

補(bǔ)語，一般是名詞和形容詞。

介詞后面一般接名詞，代詞賓格，或者反身代詞，若是動(dòng)詞要改成動(dòng)名詞。冠詞后面接名詞，但名詞前可以有修飾名詞的定語。

修飾動(dòng)詞的一般是副詞，修飾名詞的一般是形容詞，有時(shí)是名詞。

修飾形容詞的一般是副詞。

副詞可以修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞和整個(gè)句子。

三，名詞，要注意單復(fù)數(shù)變化。

謂語動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞要進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)變化和語態(tài)變化。

形容詞要注意級別變化。有時(shí)還要注意肯定否定的變化。

副詞要注意級別的變化。

代詞要注意主格，賓格，反身代詞，形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞的變化。

數(shù)詞要注意基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，以及單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。

冠詞要注意后面的單詞是讀元音還是輔音開頭，相應(yīng)變化。

介詞和連詞沒有變化，用其本身就可以。

第二篇：高中英語詞性練習(xí)題

33.We are all pleased to hear that the _________ went on very well.(operate)34.The children in this kindergarten have been trained to take care of _________ though they are only six years old.(they)35.Could you tell me who will give us a ___________ on children’s education?(speak)36.This cartoon film is _________ than the one I saw last Saturday.(fun)37.The twin sisters used to be __________ in Hollywood.(act)38.Actions speak more _____ than words.(loud)39.I am _______ about my schoolwork because I haven't worked hard this term.(worry)40.Your pet dog is so __________ that all of us like to play with it.(love)41.It has been snowing ___ for a whole day.(heavy)42.We have been told the ______ of the case.(true)43.Have you made your ________ yet?(decide)44.People from Italy are called ___________.(Italy)45.I _________ where he comes from.(wonderful)46.The weather in April is _________, so you’d better take more clothes with you.(change)47.Ferries come and go on the river as ___________ as boats.(quick)48.Listen, everybody, we will meet at the ________ of the cinema at 4 pm.(enter)49.You cannot eat so much fast food, because it is ___________.(health)50.It is reported that three __________ have been put into prison.(Canada)51.We saw her running _________ the street just now.(cross)52.Do English people shake hands as often as _______?(Germany)53.We all know that there’s no _________ thing on the moon.(live)54.In order to make the trip ____________ for his children, Mr.Green kept the name of the destination(目的地)a secret.(excite)55.A _________ team from China will arrive in America next week.(medicine)56.This morning I lost my handbag and this afternoon I fell off my bike and broke my leg.I think it is an __________ day.(luck)57.Many students are not able to pay their college ________.(expensive)58.British people eat a large number of.(potato)59.She seems an __________ girl.(honesty)60.We tried all sorts of __________, but they were all useless.(medical)61.The digital camera is one of the __________ of the modern science.(wonderfully)62.I would’ do business with such a __________ man.(fool)63.Carl looks much ________ than before.(health)64.I was _________ to meet Jane in a foreign country.(surprise)65.The mother was _________ to the brave man who had saved her son.(thank)66.I happened to meet a group of __________ on my way home yesterday.(France)67.The little boy can run a marathon in __________ than three hours.(little)68.I was told that my class teacher’ daughter would leave __________ school this July.(second)69.It’ a _________ to have a picnic with all the family members.(please)70.The lost calculator has been returned to its __________.(own)71.Be sure to let me know whenever you are in __________.(dangerous)72.The completion of the big bridge made every one of us _________ and happy.(exciting)73.The __ is not so good as we expected.(perform)74.What a __________ day it is today!Shall we go to have a picnic in the countryside?(sun)75.The tall _________ is one of my father’s best friends.(art)76.Have you decided to take the headmaster’ __________?(advise)77.Even __________, he lost his job.(bad)78.Please answer the ________ questions.(follow)

118.The monkey looked at ___________ in the mirror.(it)119.I wondered whether the bag was that __________.(lady)120.The shopping centre is always _________ of customers at weekends.(fill)121.I helped the old man to show my ______.(kind)122._____ is more important than wealth.(healthy)123.Nothing is _________ if you set your mind to it.(possible)124.The sun is shining ________.Let’s go for a picnic.(bright)125.Don’t hesitate to ask if you have any ________ when doing your homework.(difficult)126.My mother is always busy __________ the clothes in the evening.(wash)127.The doctors were always busy operating on the __________ soldier in the field hospital.(injur)128.Liz is much _______ than her twin sister.(thin)129.Please write down the _________ idea of this text.(mainly)130.It’s our responsibility to save water and ____________.(electrical)131.English has more __________ who learn it as a second language than Chinese.(speak)132.English is a __________ language.It makes peoples in the world understand each other better than ever.(use)133.Although he worked hardest, he got the ___________ money of all.(little)134._________ should obey the traffic rule.(drive)135.My mother is a hard-working _____.(business)136.About twenty ___________ will come to visit our school this coming Saturday.(Australia)137.WHO means World Health ________.(organize)138.I felt _________ sorry for having missed such a wonderful football match.(truth)139.We should throw rubbish into litter bins so as not to _______ the city.(pollution)140.Our language lab is on the __________ floor of the classroom building.(four)141.“Stop them!They are __________,” an old man shouted.(thief)142.After a long __________, they got the solution to the problem.(discuss)143.We hope our country will become more and more ________.(power)144.Paris is the capital of _____ , isn’t it?(French)145.Tom is better at _________ than anyone else in the class.(swim)146.Mary ________ playing the piano for two hours every day.(practice)147.Yao Ming is a famous _________ basketball player.(profession)148.My mother is very ___________ though she is only forty.(forget)149.___________ does a lot of harm to others as well as the smoker himself.(smoke)150.American people usually have the ___________ turkey at Christmas.(tradition)151.The _____ light suddenly went out.(electricity)152.Who can tell me the___ of the Himalaya?(high)153.When autumn comes, _________ fall off trees.The ground is always covered with them.(leaf)154.These old cans are kept for _______.(recycle)155.Many ________ are waiting for the famous dancer at the airport.(report)156.Mary’s brother works as a __________ in the restaurant.(wait)157.The man saved the little girl from the fire and took her to ________.(safe)

158.An American _______ said last week that there was enough water for life on Mars.(science)159.The Forbidden City will be ___________ in the following years.(build)160.Never be afraid of __________ face if you want to make progress in your spoken English.(lose)161.John found his former friends were as __________ to him as before.(friend)162.No one else can dance ___________ than the girl in red.(beautiful)163.Could you tell the __________ between the three sisters?(different)164.Taxi ________ are developing very fast in modern cities.(serve)165.You’d better not swim in the river.The water has been __________ polluted.(serious)166.I have received an ___________ to her birthday party.(invite)167.Chinese will be _________ used in the world from now on.(wide)168.A few friends of __________ will come to our dinner party tonight.(we)169.The government will take action to improve the __________ in the poor areas.(educational)170.Many people in China are not familiar with ________ customs.(west)171.The music sounded quite __________ while the dance was not beautiful.(wonder)172.July is usually the __________ month in Shanghai.(hot)173.The room is so dirty that a lot of __________ can be seen running here and there.(mouse)174.Which do you want to do, go into business or become a ___________?(fire)175.I don’t think it a good idea.Do you want to listen to my ________?(suggest)176.What he said __________ us a lot.We wondered what had happened to him.(surprise)177.Nowadays ________ can be seen here and there.(foreign)178.His grandparents have been _________ for over ten years, but he’ll never forget the days with them together.(death)179.The song was so ________ that she didn’t notice the telephone ring.(enjoy)180.With the ___________ of e-book technology, probably an e-book library will appear.(develop)181.Everyone should take an ________ part in sports events.(activity)182.I have been to Nanjing once and this is my _________ time to see the Yangtze River there.(two)183.Maths is my ________ subject.(favour)184.On the way I saw an old man ____________ beside the road.(sit)185.He used to be a ____________.(farm)186.That’s _________ for the girl to be late today.She is always the first to get to school.(usually)187.Eating too many sweets is bad for ________.(tooth)188.His aunt takes good ______ of him when his mother is away.(carefully)189.My uncle is a travel agent.His job is to serve ________.(tour)190.Sorry, I can't lend my tape ____ to you.(record)191.The street has been _____ by the workers.(wide)192.It's rude to look ________ at a person.(straight)193.Busiest men find the ___________ time.(much)194.Few ________ could speak Chinese in the past.(English)195.There is no short-cut to _________.(succeed)196.Computer is an amazing ____ our life?(invent)197.Many ___ come to Disneyland every day.(visit)158.An American _______ said last week that there was enough water for life on Mars.(science)159.The Forbidden City will be ___________ in the following years.(build)160.Never be afraid of __________ face if you want to make progress in your spoken English.(lose)161.John found his former friends were as __________ to him as before.(friend)162.No one else can dance ___________ than the girl in red.(beautiful)163.Could you tell the __________ between the three sisters?(different)164.Taxi ________ are developing very fast in modern cities.(serve)165.You’d better not swim in the river.The water has been __________ polluted.(serious)166.I have received an ___________ to her birthday party.(invite)167.Chinese will be _________ used in the world from now on.(wide)168.A few friends of __________ will come to our dinner party tonight.(we)169.The government will take action to improve the __________ in the poor areas.(educational)170.Many people in China are not familiar with ________ customs.(west)171.The music sounded quite __________ while the dance was not beautiful.(wonder)172.July is usually the __________ month in Shanghai.(hot)173.The room is so dirty that a lot of __________ can be seen running here and there.(mouse)174.Which do you want to do, go into business or become a ___________?(fire)175.I don’t think it a good idea.Do you want to listen to my ________?(suggest)176.What he said __________ us a lot.We wondered what had happened to him.(surprise)177.Nowadays ________ can be seen here and there.(foreign)178.His grandparents have been _________ for over ten years, but he’ll never forget the days with them together.(death)179.The song was so ________ that she didn’t notice the telephone ring.(enjoy)180.With the ___________ of e-book technology, probably an e-book library will appear.(develop)181.Everyone should take an ________ part in sports events.(activity)182.I have been to Nanjing once and this is my _________ time to see the Yangtze River there.(two)183.Maths is my ________ subject.(favour)184.On the way I saw an old man ____________ beside the road.(sit)185.He used to be a ____________.(farm)186.That’s _________ for the girl to be late today.She is always the first to get to school.(usually)187.Eating too many sweets is bad for ________.(tooth)188.His aunt takes good ______ of him when his mother is away.(carefully)189.My uncle is a travel agent.His job is to serve ________.(tour)190.Sorry, I can't lend my tape ____ to you.(record)191.The street has been _____ by the workers.(wide)192.It's rude to look ________ at a person.(straight)193.Busiest men find the ___________ time.(much)194.Few ________ could speak Chinese in the past.(English)195.There is no short-cut to _________.(succeed)196.Computer is an amazing ____ our life?(invent)197.Many ___ come to Disneyland every day.(visit)198.________ he arrived there on time.(final)199.The reporter went to the sea with several _________ to look for the lost boat.(fish)200.She has gains much _____________ because she keeps eating but never exercises.(weigh)201.She’s busy writing a letter to a friend of ___________ in her study.(she)202.There are many places of ________ interest in Shanghai.(history)203.They __________ the woman into buying all the dresses in the shop.(foolish)204.Our teacher told us that it was a _______ change.(chemistry)205.It’s important for a student to tell the _______ after he does something wrong.(true)206.The doll was the present from my auntie on my _________ birthday.(five)207.The sun gives us light and ________.(hot)208.School will be over in a few _____time.(month)209.I can’t find my wallet.It has ________!(appear)210.My grandfather keeps in good _______ though he’s over eighty.(healthy)211.The Atlantic is the second ____________ocean in the world.(big)212.Mr.Marko is one of the __________ of that factory.(engine)213.It’s ten _________ walk from here.You needn’t take a bus.(minute)214.Many years ago this kind of TV set was very ____________.(expense)215.our teacher always tells us that __________ is power.(know)216.No one knows whether Bin Laden is still ___________ or not.(live)217.The man in the prison is looking forward to having __________.(free)218.We travelled to a beautiful and quiet village.There we spent a ____________ day.(pleased)219.Mr Black is a singer ________ thirty.(age)220.What is the ___________ of the word?(mean)221.The little girl said ___________ to the strange man.(soft)222.___________ hands is a kind of custom in some countries.(shake)223.Young boys enjoy watching football __________ on TV.(match)224.Jacky told us an ________ story that everybody laughed happily.(amusement)225.We were surprised at the news of his ____.(die)226.Thanks for _______ me.I’ll do my best.(choice)227.Jiang Wen is one of the most famous ___________ in China.(act)228.Bob _______ a story to explain why he was late for school.(inventor)229.Of all the boys, John runs the most ______________.(slow)230.This iron ball is much ______ than that one.(heavy)231.I'd like to have a talk with the ________ of this hotel.(manage)232.It’s ___________ cold tonight.(terrible)233.There are many __________ visiting the museum.(Japan)234.It’s much ___________ to swim with your friend than to swim alone.(safe)235.Take care!The vase can _______ be broken.(easy)236.There used to be a great ____________ between the two families.(friend)237.I’m afraid we cannot go fishing today.It’s quite ___________ outside.(wind)238.I’m poor at ________ and geography.(historical)

第三篇：2018高考英語語法填空詞性轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)典總結(jié)

語法填空詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

A 1.ability [??b?l?t?] n.能力；才能

able [?e?b(?)l] a.能夠；有能力的 1.absence [??bs?ns] n.不在，缺席

absent [??bs?nt] a.缺席，不在3.academic [?k??dem?k] a./ n.學(xué)術(shù)的，教學(xué)的

academy [??k?d?m?] n.?？茖W(xué)院，（美）私立學(xué)校 4.access [??kses] n./ v.通道，入徑，存取(計(jì)算機(jī)文件)accessible [?k?ses?b(?)l] a.可到達(dá)的，可接受的 5.achieve [??t?i?v] vt.達(dá)到，取得

achievement [??t?i?vm?nt] n.成就，成績，功績

6.act [?kt] n.法令，條例 v.（戲）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戲）；行動(dòng)，做事

action [??k?(?)n] n.行動(dòng)

active [??kt?v] a.積極的，主動(dòng)的activity [?k?t?v?t?] n.活動(dòng)

7.adapt [??d?pt] v.使適應(yīng)，適合，改編

adaptation [?d?p?te??(?)n] n.適應(yīng)，改編本 8.adjust [??d??st] v.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣

adjustment [??d??stm?nt] n.調(diào)整，適應(yīng) 9.admirable [??dm?r?b(?)l] a.值得贊賞的，可欽佩的 admire [?d?ma??(r)] v.欽佩；羨慕

admission [?d?m??(?)n] n.準(zhǔn)入，接納

admit [?d?m?t] vt.承認(rèn)，準(zhǔn)許（入場，入學(xué)，入會(huì)）

10.advertise [??dv?ta?z] vt.為……做廣告

advertisement [?d?v??t?sm?nt] n.廣告 11.agree [??ɡri?] v.同意；應(yīng)允

agreement [??ɡri?m?nt] n.同意，一致；協(xié)定，協(xié)議 12.amaze [??me?z] v.驚奇，驚嘆；震驚

amazed 感到驚訝的

amazing [??me?z??] a.驚奇，驚嘆的；震驚的 be amazed at 對..感到驚訝

13.amuse [??mju?z] vt.（使人）快樂，逗樂

amused 感到愉快的 學(xué)-*科+/網(wǎng) amusing 令人愉快的

amusement [??mju?zm?nt] n.娛樂

14.analyze/ `?nl，a?z / v.分析 analysis [??n?l?s?s] n.分析，分析結(jié)果 15.anger [???ɡ?(r)] n.怒，憤怒

angry [??nɡr?] a.生氣的，憤怒的16.anxiety [???za??t?] n.擔(dān)憂，焦慮 anxious [???k??s] a.憂慮的，焦急的 17.apologize [??p?l?d?a?z] vi.道歉，謝罪

apology [??p?l?d??] n.道歉；歉意

18.appear [??p??(r)] vi.出現(xiàn)

appearance [??p??r?ns] n.出現(xiàn)，露面；容貌

19.application [?pl??ke??(?)n] n.申請

apply [??pla?]v.申請

20.appoint [??p??nt] v.任命，委任，安排 appointment [??p??ntm?nt] n.約會(huì)

appreciate [??pri???e?t] v.欣賞； 感激

appreciation [?pri????e??(?)n] n.欣賞，鑒定，評估 21.appropriate [??pr??pr??t] a.合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?approximately [?pr?ks??m?tl?] ad.近似，大約 22.argue [?ɑ?ɡju?]vi.爭辯，爭論

argument [?ɑ?ɡj?m?nt] n.爭論，辯論

23.arrange [??re?nd?] v.安排，布置

arrangement [??re?nd?m?nt]n.安排，布置

24.arrival [??ra?v(?)l] n.到來，到達(dá) arrive [??ra?v] vi.到達(dá)；-at 小地方，-in大地方 25.assess [??ses] v.評價(jià)，評定（性質(zhì)，質(zhì)量）assessment [??sesm?nt] n.看法，評價(jià) 26.assist [??s?st]v.幫助，協(xié)助

assistance [??s?st(?)ns] n.幫助，援助，支持 assistant [??s?st(?)nt] n.助手，助理

27.associate [??s????e?t] v.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系

association [?s??s??e??(?)n] n.協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)，聯(lián)系 28.assume [??sju?m；(US)??su?m] v.假定，假設(shè) assumption [??s?mp?(?)n] n.假定，假設(shè) 29.attract [??tr?kt] v.吸引，引起

attraction [??tr?k?(?)n] n.吸引，愛慕 attractive [??tr?kt?v] a.迷人的，有吸引力的

B 1.bad(worse，worst)[b?d] a.壞的；有害的，嚴(yán)重的badly [?b?dl?] ad.壞，惡劣地

2.bath [bɑ?θ；(US)b?θ] n.洗澡；浴室；澡盆

bathe [be?e] vi.洗澡；游泳

3.beautiful [?bju?t?f(?)l] a.美，美麗，美觀的beauty [?bju?t?] n.美麗，美人

4.behave [b??he?v] v.守規(guī)矩，行為

behaviour/ b?`he?vj?r / n.行為，舉止

5.beneficial [ben??f??(?)l] a.有利的，有幫助的，有用的 benefit [?ben?f?t] n./ v.優(yōu)勢，益處，使…受益 6.bored / b?rd / a.（對人，事）厭倦的，煩悶的 boring / `b?r?? / a.乏味的，無聊的7.brave [bre?v] a.勇敢的bravery [?bre?v?r?] n.勇氣

8.breath [breθ] n.氣息；呼吸 breathe [bri?e] vi.呼吸

breathless [?breθl?s] a.氣喘吁吁的，上氣不接下氣的 9.build(built，built)[b?ld] v.建筑；造

building [?b?ld??] n.建筑物；房屋；大樓

C 1.care [ke?(r)] n.照料，保護(hù)；小心v.介意……，在乎 careful [?ke?f?l] a.小心，仔細(xì)，謹(jǐn)慎的careless [?ke?l?s] a.粗心的，漫不經(jīng)心的2.caution [?k???(?)n] n.謹(jǐn)慎，小心，警告 cautious [?k????s] a.小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的 3.celebrate [?sel?bre?t] v.慶祝

celebration [sel??bre??(?)n] n.慶祝；慶祝會(huì)

4.entre 中心

central 中心的

5.certain [?s??t(?)n] a.確定的，無疑的；一定會(huì)…… certainly [?s??t?nl?] ad.當(dāng)然；一定，無疑

6.challenge [?t??l?nd?] n.挑戰(zhàn)(性)challenging [?t??l?nd???] a.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 7.changeable [?t?e?nd??b(?)l] a.易變的，變化無常的 change [t?e?nd?] n.零錢；找頭v.改變，變化；更換； 8.cheer [t???(r)] n.& vi.歡呼； 喝彩

Cheer up [t???(r)-?p] 振作起來！提起精神！cheerful [?t???f?l] a.興高采烈的，快活的 cheers [t???(r)] int.干杯，(口)謝謝，再見 9.chemical [?kem?k(?)l] a.化學(xué)的 n.化學(xué)品

chemist [?kem?st] n.藥劑師；化學(xué)家

chemistry [?kem?str?] n.化學(xué)

學(xué)+-科/+網(wǎng) 10.child(復(fù)children)[t?a?ld] n.孩子，兒童

childhood [?t?a?ldh?d] n.幼年時(shí)代，童年

11.civil [?s?v(?)l] a.國內(nèi)的；平民（非軍人）的；民用的 civilian [s??v?l??n] n.平民，老百姓 civilization [s?v?la??ze??(?)n；

n.文明

12.clean [kli?n] vt.弄干凈，擦干凈 a.清潔的，干凈的cleaner [kli?n?(r)] n.清潔工.，清潔器.，清潔劑

13.clear [kl??(r)] a.清晰；明亮的；清楚的clearly [?kl??l?] ad.清楚地，無疑地

14.cloud [?kl??e??] n.云；云狀物；陰影

cloudy [?kla?d?] a.多云的，陰天的15.comfort [?k?mf?t] n.安慰； 慰問

comfortable [?k?mf?t?b(?)l；(US)?k?mf?rt?bl] a.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的16.commit [k??m?t] v.犯（罪，錯(cuò)），自殺 commitment [k??m?tm?nt] n.承諾，允諾，承擔(dān)

17.communicate [k??mju?n?ke?t] v.交際；傳達(dá)（感情，信息等）

communication [k?mju?n??ke??(?)n] n.交際，通訊

18.compete [k?m?pi?t] vi.比賽，競賽

competence [?k?mp?t?ns] n.能力，勝任，管轄權(quán) competition [k?mp??t??(?)n] n.比賽，競賽

competitor [k?m?pet?t?(r)] n.競賽者，比賽者 19.conclude [k?n?klu?d] v.完成，結(jié)束

conclusion [k?n?klu??(?)n] n.結(jié)論；結(jié)束 20.consider [k?n?s?d?(r)] vt.考慮

considerate [k?n?s?d?r?t] a.體貼的

consideration [k?ns?d??re??(?)n] n.考慮；關(guān)心

21.convenience n.convenient adj.方便的 22.construct [k?n?str?kt] v.構(gòu)筑；建造，建設(shè) construction [k?n?str?k?(?)n] n.建造，建設(shè)，建筑物

D 1.danger [?de?nd??(r)] n.危險(xiǎn)

dangerous [?de?nd??r?s] a.危險(xiǎn)的 2.dark [dɑ?k] n.黑暗；暗處；日暮 a.黑暗的；深色的darkness [?dɑ?kn?s] n.黑暗，陰暗

3.die [da?] v.死

dead 死的，無生命的 death [deθ] n.死

4.decide [d??sa?d] v.決定；下決心

decision [d??s??(?)n] n.決定；決心

5.deep [di?p] a.深 ad.深；深厚

deeply [?di?pl?] ad.深深地 depth [depθ] n.深，深度

66.delight [d??la?t] n.快樂；樂事

delighted [di'laitid] a.高興的，快樂的

7.develop [d??vel?p] v.（使）發(fā)展；（使）發(fā)達(dá)；（使）發(fā)育；開發(fā) vt.沖洗（照片）

development [d??vel?pm?nt] n.發(fā)展，發(fā)達(dá)，發(fā)育，8.devote [d??v??t] vt.把…奉獻(xiàn)，把…專用（于）

devotion [d??v???(?)n] n.奉獻(xiàn)，奉獻(xiàn)精神

9.differ [?d?f?(r)] v.相異，有區(qū)別

difference [?d?fr?ns] n.不同

different [?d?fr?nt] a.不同的，有差異的10.difficult [?d?f?k?lt] a.難；艱難；不易相處

difficulty [?d?f?k?lt?] n.困難，費(fèi)力

11.disagree [d?s??ɡri?] vi.意見不一致，持不同意見

disagreement [d?s??ɡri?m?nt] n.意見不一致；爭論

12.disappoint [d?s??p??nt]vt.使失望

be disappointed at 感到失望的disappointing令人失望的

disappointment [d?s??p??ntm?nt] n.失望；沮喪 13.discover [d??sk?v?(r)] vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)

discovery [d??sk?v?r?] n.發(fā)現(xiàn)

14.discuss [d?s?k?s] vt.討論，議論

discussion [d?s?k??(?)n] n.討論，辯論 15.distance [?d?st?ns] n.距離

distant [?d?st(?)nt] a.遠(yuǎn)的，遙遠(yuǎn)的

E 1.easy [?i?z?] a.容易的，不費(fèi)力的easily [?i?z?l?] ad.容易地

2.east [i?st]a.東方；東部的；朝東的； ad.在東方； eastern [?i?st(?)n] a.東方的；東部的3.educate [?edj?ke?t] vt.教育，培養(yǎng)

educator ['edju:keit?(r)] n.教育家

education [edj??ke??(?)n] n.教育，培養(yǎng)

4.engine [?end??n] n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，引擎

學(xué)+-科/-網(wǎng) engineer [end???n??(r)] n.工程師；技師 5.enjoy [?n?d???] vt.欣賞；享受樂趣；喜歡 enjoyable [?n?d????b(?)l]a.愉快的；有趣的6.equal [?i?kw(?)l] a.平等的 vt.等于，使等于

equality [i??kw?l?t?] n.平等

82.equip [??kw?p] vt.提供設(shè)備；裝備；配備

equipment [??kw?pm?nt] n.裝備，設(shè)備

7.exact [?ɡ?z?kt] a.精確的；確切的exactly [ex'act·ly] ad.精確地；確切地

8.exist [?g'z?st] vi.存在

existence [?ɡ?z?st(?)ns] n.存在；生存；存在物

9.explain [?ks?ple?n] vt.解釋，說明

explanation [ekspl??ne??(?)n] n.解釋，說明

10.express [?k?spres] vt.表達(dá)；表情 n.快車，特快專遞

expression [?k?spre?(?)n]n.表達(dá)；詞句；表情 11.extreme [?k?stri?m] a.極其的，非常的 extremely [?k?stri?ml?] ad.極其，非常

F 1.fail [fe?l] v.失敗；不及格；衰退

failure [?fe?lj?(r)] n.失敗

2.fair [fe?(r)] a.公平的，合理的 a.(膚色)白皙的；（人）白膚金發(fā)的 n.集市；廟會(huì)；展覽會(huì)

fairly [?fe?l?] ad.公正地，正當(dāng)?shù)兀幌喈?dāng)（程度）地

fairness ['f??nis] n.公平；公正

3.firm [f??m] n.公司；企業(yè) a.堅(jiān)固的，堅(jiān)定的firmly [?f??ml?] ad.牢牢地

4.fluency ['flu?nsi] n.（外語）流利，流暢 fluent [?flu??nt] a.（外語）流利的，流暢 5.fool [fu?l] n.傻子，蠢人

foolish [?fu?l??] a.愚蠢的，傻的

6.foreign [?f?r?n；(US)?f??r?n] a.外國的foreigner [?f?r?n?(r)] n.外國人

7.forget [f??rev?(r)](forgot，forgotten)v.忘記；忘掉

forgetful [f??ɡetf?l] a.健忘的，不留心的8.fortunate [?f??t??n?t] a.幸運(yùn)的； 僥幸的 fortune [?f??tju?n，?f??t?u?n] n.財(cái)產(chǎn)；運(yùn)氣

9.free [fri?] a.自由，空閑的；免費(fèi)的freedom [?fri?d?m] n.自由

10.friend [frend] n.朋友

friendly [?frendl?] a.友好的friendship [?frend??p] n.友誼，友情

G 1.gift [ɡ?ft] n.贈(zèng)品；禮物

gifted [?ɡ?ft?d] a.有天賦的；有才華的

2.grow(grew，grown)[ɡr??] v.生長；發(fā)育；種植；變成growth [ɡr??θ] n.生長，增長

3.guidance [?ɡa?d?ns] n.引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo) guide [ɡa?d] n.向?qū)В瑢?dǎo)游者

H 1.happy [?h?p?] a.幸福；快樂的，高興的happily ['h?p?l?] ad.幸福地，快樂地

happiness [?h?p?n?s] n.幸福，愉快

2.hard [hɑ?d] ad.努力地；使勁；猛烈地 a.硬的；困難的；艱難的hardly [?hɑ?dl?] ad.幾乎不

hardship [?hɑ?d??p] n.困難 3.harm [hɑ?m] n.&v.傷害；損傷

harmful [?hɑ?mf?l] a.有害的；致傷的harmless [?hɑ?ml?s] a.無害的；不致傷的 4.health [helθ] n.健康，衛(wèi)生

healthy [?helθ?] a.健康的，健壯的5.heavy [?hev?] a.重的

heavily [?hev?l?] ad.重地，大量地

6.help [help] n.& vt.幫助，幫忙

helpful [?helpf?l] a.有幫助的，有益的7.hope [h??p] n.& v.希望

hopeful [?h??pf?l] a.有希望的；有前途的hopeless a.沒有希望，不可救藥的8.humorous [?hju?m?r?s] a.富于幽默的humour(美humor)['hju:m?] n.幽默，幽默感

9.hunger [?h??ɡ?(r)] n.饑餓

hungry [?h??ɡr?] a.（饑）餓的

I 1.ill [?l] a.有病的；不健康的illness [??ln?s] n.疾病

1.importance [?m?p??t(?)ns] n.重要性

important [?m?p??t?nt] a.重要的 3.imagine vt.想象 imaginary adj.想象的imagination n.想象

4.impossible [?m?p?s?b(?)l] a.不可能的 possible 可能的

5.impress [?m?pres] vt.留下極深的印象

impression [?m?pre?(?)n] n.印象，感覺

6.improve 改善，提高 improvement 7.independent 獨(dú)立的 independence 8.instruct [?n?str?kt] vt.通知；指示；教

instruction [?n?str?k?(?)n] n.說明，須知；教導(dǎo)

9.interest [??ntr?st] n.興趣，趣味；利息

interesting [??ntr?t??] a.有趣的interested 感興趣的

10.intelligence 智力，intelligent 聰明的 11.introduce [?ntr??dju?s；(US)-du?s] vt.介紹

introduction [?ntr??d?k?(?)n] n.引進(jìn)，介紹

12.invent [?n?vent] vt.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造

invention [?n?ven?(?)n] n.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造

13.invitation [?nv??te??(?)n] n.邀請，請?zhí)?/p>

invite [?n?va?t] vt.邀請，招待

J 1.judge [d??d?] n.裁判；審判員；法官vt.判斷，斷定

judgement ['d??d?m?nt] n.裁判

2.juice [d?u?s] n.汁、液

學(xué)+-科/+網(wǎng) juicy [d?u?s?] a.多汁的；水分多的

K 1.kind [ka?nd] n.種；類 a.善良，友好的kindness [?ka?ndn?s] n.仁慈；善良

L 1.last [lɑ?st；(US)l?st] a.最近剛過去；最后的ad.最近剛過去；最后地 n.最后v.持續(xù)

late [le?t] a.晚的，遲的ad.晚地，遲地

lately [?le?tl?] ad.最近，不久前

later [?le?t?(r)] a.晚些的，遲些的latest [?le?t?st] a.最近，最新的；最晚的 latter [?l?t?(r)] n.（兩者之中的）后者

2.lazy 懶惰的 lazily 懶惰地 laziness n.懶惰 3.laugh [lɑ?f] n.& v.笑，大笑；嘲笑

laughter [?lɑ?ft?(r)；(US)?l?ft?r] n.笑； 笑聲

4.learn(learnt，learnt；--ed--ed)[l??n] vt.學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)會(huì)

learned [?l??n?d] a.有才華的；博學(xué)的

5.live [l?v] vi.生活；居?。换钪?a.活的，活著的；實(shí)況，現(xiàn)場（直播）的lively [?la?vl?] a.活潑的；充滿生氣的living [?l?v??] a.活著的 n.生計(jì)

6.legal 合法的 illegal 違法的 7.loud [la?d] a.大聲的loudly [la?dl?] ad.大聲地

8.love [l?v] n.& vt.愛；熱愛；很喜歡

lovely [?l?vl?] a.美好的，可愛的9.luck [l?k] n.運(yùn)氣，好運(yùn)

lucky [?l?k?] a.運(yùn)氣好，僥幸

M 1.marriage [?m?r?d?] n.結(jié)婚，婚姻

married [?m?r?d] a.已婚的marry [?m?r?] v.（使）成婚，結(jié)婚

2.memory [?mem?r?] n.回憶，記憶

memorize [?mem?ra?z] v.記憶

3.mental [?ment(?)l] a.精神的；腦力的mentally [?ment?l?] ad.精神上；智力上 4.merciful [?m??s?f?l] a.仁慈的；寬大的mercy [?m??s?] n.憐憫

5.mess [mes] n.凌亂

messy [?mes?] a.亂七八糟的

6.mistake(mistook，mistaken)[m?s?te?k] n.錯(cuò)誤 vt.弄錯(cuò)

mistaken [m?s?te?k?n] a.錯(cuò)誤的7.mix [m?ks] v.混合，攪拌

mixture [?m?kst??(r)] n.混合物

8.move [mu?v] v.移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)，搬家

movement [?mu?vm?nt] n.運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)

9.modern 現(xiàn)代的 modernize vt.使現(xiàn)代化 modernization 現(xiàn)代化

N 1.nature [?ne?t??(r)] n.自然，性質(zhì)，種類

natural [?n?t??r(?)l] a.自然的 2.nation 國家 national 國家的 nationality 國籍

3.near [n??(r)] a.近的 ad.附近，鄰近prep.在……附近，靠近

nearby [?n??ba?] a.附近的nearly [?n??l?] ad.將近，幾乎

4.necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地 necessity n.必需品 5.nine [na?n] num.九

ninth [na?nθ] num.第九

6.noise [n??z] n.聲音，噪聲，喧鬧聲

noisily ['n??z?l?] ad.喧鬧地

noisy [?n??z?] a.喧鬧的，嘈雜的7.normal [?n??m(?)l] n.& a.正常的（狀態(tài)）abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地 8.north [n??θ] a.北的；朝北的；從北來的 ad.向（在，從）北方 n.北；北方；北部

northern [?n??e(?)n] a.北方的，北部的northwards [?n??θw?dz] ad.向北

（學(xué)科）網(wǎng) 9.novel [?n?v(?)l] n.（長篇）小說

novelist [?n?v?l?st] n.小說家

10.nurse [n??s] n.護(hù)士；保育員

nursery [?n??s?r?] n.托兒所

nursing [n??s??] n.(職業(yè)性的）保育，護(hù)理

O 1.operate[??p?re?t] v.做手術(shù)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；實(shí)施，負(fù)責(zé)，經(jīng)營，管理

operation [?p??re??(?)n] n.手術(shù)，操作

operator [??p?re?t?(r)] n.接線員

2.oppose [??p??z] vt.反對；反抗

opposite [??p?z?t] n.相反，對面 a.相反的，對面的3.organize ['?:g?naiz] vt.組織

organiser(organizer)['?:g?naiz?] n.組織者

organization [??ɡ?na??ze??(?)n]n.組織，機(jī)構(gòu)

P 1.pain [pe?n] n.疼痛，疼

painful [?pe?nf?l] a.使痛的，使痛苦的paint [pe?nt] n.油漆 vt.油漆，粉刷，繪畫

painter [?pe?nt?(r)] n.繪畫者，（油）畫家

painting [?pe?nt??] n.油畫，水彩畫

2.part [pɑ?t] n.部分；成分

partly [?pɑ?tl?] ad.部分地，在一定程度上 3.patience n.容忍；耐心

patient [?pe??(?)nt] n.病人，耐心的4.peace [pi?s] n.和平

peaceful [?pi?sf?l] a.和平的，安寧的 5.perform [p??f??m] v.表演，履行；行動(dòng)

performance [p??f??m] n.演出，表演

performer [p??f??m?(r)] n.表演者，執(zhí)行者

6.person [?p??s(?)n] n.人

personal [?p??s?n(?)l] a.個(gè)人的，私人的personnel [p??s??nel] n.全體人員，職員 personally [?p??s?n?l?] ad.就自己而言

7.physical [?f?z?k(?)l] a.身體的；物理的physician [f??z??(?)n] n.(有行醫(yī)執(zhí)照的)醫(yī)生

8.physicist [?f?z?s?st] n.物理學(xué)家

physics [?f?z?ks] n.物理（學(xué)）

9.pleasant [?plez?nt] a.令人愉快的，舒適的 please [pli?z] v.請，使人高興，使人滿意

pleased [pli?zd] a.高興的pleasure [pli?zd] n.高興，愉快

10.poem [?p???m] n.詩

poet [?p???t] n.詩人 11.poison [?p??z(?)n] n.毒藥

poisonous [?p??z?n?s] a.有毒的，致命的12.pollute [p??lu?t] vt.污染

pollution [p??lu??(?)n] n.污染

13.possess [p??z??(?)n] vt.占有；擁有

possession [p??ze?(?)n] n.所有，擁有；財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物

14.possibility [p?s??b?l?t?] vn.可能，可能性

possible [?p?s?b(?)l] a.可能的15.power [?pa?d?(r)] n.力，動(dòng)力，電力

powerful [?pa??f?l] a.效力大的，強(qiáng)有力的，強(qiáng)大的16.practical [?pr?kt?k(?)l] a.實(shí)際的，適用的practice(s)e [?pr?kt?s] n.練習(xí)

17.prefer [pr??f??(r)] vt.寧愿（選擇），更喜歡 preference [?pref?r?ns] n.選擇，趨向

18.preparation [prep??re??(?)n] n.準(zhǔn)備

prepare [pr??pe?(r)] vt.準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備，調(diào)制，配制

19.press [?prez?d?nt] vt.壓，按 n.新聞界，出版社

pressure [?pre??(r)] n.壓迫，壓力，壓強(qiáng)

20.probable [?pr?b?b(?)l] a.很可能，很有希望的 probably [?pr?b?b(?)l?] ad.很可能，大概

21.produce [pr??dju?s；(US)-?du?s] vt.生產(chǎn)；制造

product [?pr?d?kt] n.產(chǎn)品，制品

production [pr??d?k?(?)n] n.生產(chǎn)；制造

22.pronounce [pr??na?ns] vt.發(fā)音

pronunciation [pr?n?ns??e??(?)n] n.發(fā)音

23.proper [?pr?p?(r)] a.恰當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的 properly [?pr?p?l?] ad.適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

24.protect [pr??tekt] vt.保護(hù) protection [pr??tek?(?)n] n.保護(hù)

25.proud [pra?d] a.自豪的；驕傲的pride [pra?d] n.自豪，驕傲

26.puzzle [?p?z(?)l] n.難題，（字、畫）謎

puzzled [?p?z(?)l] a.迷惑的，困惑的

R 1.rain [re?n] n.雨，雨水 vi.下雨

rainy [?re?n?] a.下雨的；多雨的2.real [ri?l] a.真實(shí)的，確實(shí)的reality [r???l?t?] n.現(xiàn)實(shí)

realise(美realize)[?r??la?z] vt.認(rèn)識到，實(shí)現(xiàn)

really v [?r??l?] ad.真正地；到底；確實(shí)

3.reason [?ri?z(?)n] vi.評理，勸說n.理由，原因

reasonable [?ri?z?n?b(?)l] a.合乎情理的 4.refusal [r??fju?z(?)l] n.拒絕

refuse [r??fju?z] vi.拒絕，不愿

5.relate [r??le?t] vi.有關(guān)； 涉及

relation [r??le??(?)n] n.關(guān)系； 親屬

relationship [r??le???n??p] n.關(guān)系

relative [?rel?t?v] n.親屬，親戚

6.rely [r??la?] v.依賴，依靠

學(xué)+.科/網(wǎng) reliable [r??la??b(?)l] a.可信賴的，可依靠的 7.religion [r??l?d??n] n.宗教

religious [r??l?d??s] a.宗教的8.require [r??kwa??(r)] vt.需求；要求

requirement [r??kwa??m?nt] n.需要； 要求； 必要的條件

9.reservation [rez??ve??(?)n] n.預(yù)定

reserve [r??z??v] n.& v.儲備；預(yù)定

S 1.sad [s?d] a.（使人）悲傷的sadness [?s?dn?s] n.悲哀，憂傷

2.safe [se?f] a.安全的 n.保險(xiǎn)柜

safety [?se?ft?] n.安全，保險(xiǎn)

3.sail [se?l] n.航行 v.航行，開航

sailing [?se?l??] n.航海

sailor [?se?l?(r)] n.水手，海員

4.salt [s??lt，s?lt] n.鹽

salty [?s??lt?，?s?lt?] a.鹽的，咸的，含鹽的5.scene [s??n] n.（戲劇、電影等的）一場，場景，布景

scenery [?si?n?r?] n.風(fēng)景，景色，風(fēng)光 6.science [?sa??ns] n.科學(xué)，自然科學(xué)

scientific [sa??n?t?f?k] a.科學(xué)的scientist [?sa??nt?st] n.科學(xué)家 7.secure [s??kj??(r)] a.安心的，有把握的，牢靠的security [s??kj??r?t?] n.安全，平安

8.serve [s??v] vt.招待（顧客等），服務(wù)

service [?s??v?s] n.服務(wù)

9.settle [?set(?)l] vi.安家，定居

settlement [?set?lm?nt] n.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落

settler [?setl?(r)] n.移居者，開拓者

10.sick [s?k] a.有病，患病的，（想）嘔吐

sickness [?s?kn?s] n.疾病

11.silence[?sa?l?ns] n.安靜，沉默

silent?sa?l?nt] a.無聲的，無對話的12.simple[?s?mp(?)l] a.簡單的，簡易的simplify[?s?mpl?fa?] v.使簡化，使簡易 simply [?s?mpl?] ad.簡單地，(加強(qiáng)語氣)的確

13.skill [ski?] n.技能，技巧

skilled [ski?] a.熟練的；有技能的

skillful [?sk?lf(?)l]a.熟練，精湛的，靈巧的skillfully ['skilfuli] ad.精湛地，巧妙地

14.sleep [sli?p]n.睡覺

sleep(slept，slept)[sli?p] vi.睡覺

sleepy [sli?p]a.想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的

15.smell(smelt，smelt 或-ed，-ed)[smel] v.嗅，聞到；發(fā)氣味 n.氣味

smelly [?smel?] a.有臭味的，發(fā)出臭味的16.smoke [sma?l] n.煙 v.冒煙；吸煙

smoker [?sm??k?(r)] n.吸煙者 學(xué)+*科-*網(wǎng) smoking [?sm??k??]n.吸煙，抽煙；冒煙

17.snow [sn??] n.雪 vi.下雪

snowy [?sn???] a.雪(白)的；下雪的；多(積)雪的18.social [?s???(?)l]a.社會(huì)的；社交的socialism [?s????l?z(?)m] n.社會(huì)主義 socialist [?s????l?st] a.社會(huì)主義的society [s??sa??t?]n.社會(huì)

19.spirit [?sp?r?t]n.精神

spiritual [?sp?r?t???l]a.精神的； 心靈的 20.strength [stre?θ] n.力量，力氣

strengthen [?stre?θ(?)n] vt.加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)

strong [str??；(US)str??ɡ] a.強(qiáng)(壯)的；堅(jiān)固的；強(qiáng)烈的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的21.succeed [s?k?si?d] vi.成功

success [s?k?ses] n.成功

successful [s?k?sesf?l] a.成功的，有成就的22.suffer [?s?f?(r)] vi.受苦，遭受

suffering [?s?f?r??] n.痛苦，苦難

23.suggest [s??d?est；(US)s?ɡ?d?est] vt.建議，提議

suggestion [s??d?est?(?)n] n.建議

24.sun [s?n] n.太陽，陽光

sunny [?s?n?] a.晴朗的；陽光充足的25.surround [s??ra?nd]vt.圍繞；包圍 surrounding [s??ra?nd??] a.周圍的26.survival [s??va?v(?)l] n.存活，幸存

survive [s??va?v] v.生存，存活，幸免于難

T 1.technical [?tekn?k(?)l] a.技術(shù)的，工藝的technique [?tekn?k(?)l] n.技術(shù)；技巧，方法

technology [tek?n?l?d??] n.技術(shù)

2.thank [θ??k] vt.感謝，致謝，道謝 n.（復(fù)）感謝，謝意

thankful [?θ??kf?l] a.感謝的，感激的3.theoretical [θ???ret?k(?)l] a.理論的theory [θ???ret?k(?)l] n.理論

4.thirst [θ??d] n.渴； 口渴 thirsty [?θ??st?] a.渴

5.tire [?ta??(r)] vi.使疲勞

tired [?ta??d] a.疲勞的，累的tiresome a.令人厭倦的

6.total [?t??t(?)l] a.總數(shù)的；總括的；完全的，全然的 n.合計(jì)，總計(jì) v.合計(jì)為

totally [?t?t(?)l?] ad.總合地，完全地

7.tour [t??(r)] n.參觀，觀光，旅行

tourism [?t??r?z(?)m] n.旅游業(yè)；觀光

tourist [?t??r?st] vn.旅行者，觀光者

8.tradition [tr??d??(?)n] n.傳統(tǒng)，風(fēng)俗 traditional [tr??d??(?)n] a.傳統(tǒng)的，風(fēng)俗的 9.train [tre?n] n.火車 v.培訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)練

trainer [tre??n?(r)] n.訓(xùn)練人；教練

training [?tre?n??] n.培訓(xùn)

10.translate [tr?ns?le?t] vt.翻譯

translation [tr?ns?le??(?)n] n.翻譯；譯文

translator [tr?ns'leit?] n.翻譯家，譯者

11.travel [?tr?v(?)l] n.& vi.旅行

traveler [?tr?v?l?(r)] n.旅行者

12.treat [tri?t] vt.對待，看待

treatment [?tri?tm?nt] n.治療，療法

13.trouble [?tr?b(?)l] vt.使苦惱，使憂慮，使麻煩 n.問題，疾病，煩惱，麻煩

troublesome [?tr?b(?)ls?m] a.令人煩惱，討厭

14.true [tru?] a.真的，真實(shí)的；忠誠的truly [?tru?l?] ad.真正地，真實(shí)地

truth [tru?θ] n.真理，事實(shí)，真相，實(shí)際 15.type [?ta?p] vt.打字

typist [?ta?p?st] n.打字員

U 1.unfortunate [?n?f??ld] a.不幸的unfortunately [?n?f??tj?n?tl?] ad.不幸地

2.use [ju?z] n.& vt.利用，使用，應(yīng)用 useful [?ju?sf?l] a.有用的，有益的useless [?ju?sl?s] a.無用的user [?ju?z?] n.使用者；用戶

3.usual [?ju????l] a.通常的，平常的usually [?ju????l?] ad.通常，經(jīng)常

4.valuable [?v?lj??b(?)l] a.值錢的，貴重的value [?v?lju?] n.價(jià)值，益處

V 1.variety [v??ra??t?] n.種種，種類

various [?ve?r??s] a.各種各樣的，不同的2.violence [?va??l?ns] n.暴力行為

violent [?va??l?nt] a.暴力的3.violin [va???l?n] n.小提琴

violinist [va???l?n?st] n.提琴家，提琴手 4.visit [?vi?z?] n.& vt.參觀，訪問，拜訪

visitor [?v?z?t?(r)] n.訪問者，參觀者

5.wait [we?t] vi.等，等候

waiter [?we?t?(r)] n.（餐廳）男服務(wù)員

waitress [tres] n.女服務(wù)員

6.warm [w??m] a.暖和的，溫暖的；熱情的warmth [w??mθ] n.暖和，溫暖 7.weak [wi?k] a.差的，弱的，淡的weakness [?wi?kn?s] n.軟弱

8.wealth [welθ] n.財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)富

wealthy [?welθ?] a.富的9.week [wi?k] n.星期，周 weekday [?wi?kde?] n.平日

weekend [wi?k?end，?wi?kend] n.周末

weekly [?wi?kl?] a.每周的

10.weigh [we?] vt.稱…的重量，重（若干）

weight [we?t] n.重，重量

11.wind [w?nd] n.風(fēng)

windy [?w?nd?] a.有風(fēng)的，多風(fēng)的12.wisdom [?w?zd?m] n.智慧 學(xué)*科+網(wǎng) wise [wa?z] a.聰明，英明的，有見識的

13.wonder [?w?nd?(r)] v.對…疑惑，感到驚奇，想知道 n.驚訝，驚嘆；奇跡

wonderful [?w?nd?f?l] a.美妙的，精彩的；了不起的；太好了

14.wood [?w?nd?f?l] n.木頭，木材，(復(fù))樹木，森林

wooden [?w?d(?)n] a.木制的15.woo [w?l] l n.羊毛，羊絨

woollen ['wulin] a.羊毛的，羊毛制的

16.work [w??k] n.工作，勞動(dòng)，事情 vi.工作；(機(jī)器、器官等)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，活動(dòng)

workday ['w?:kdei] n.工作日

worker [?w??k?(r)] n.工人；工作者

workforce ['w?:kf?:s] n.勞動(dòng)力

workmate ['w?:kf?:s] n.同事；工友

workplace [w??kple?s] n.工作場所，車間

works [w??ks] n.著作，作品

17.worried ['w?r?d /'w?-] a.擔(dān)心的，煩惱的worry [?w?r?] n.& v.煩惱，擔(dān)憂，發(fā)怒，困擾

18.worth [w??θ] a.有…的價(jià)值，值得…的worthless [?w??θl?s] a.沒有價(jià)值，沒有用的worthwhile [w??θ?wa?l] a.值得做的worthy [w??θ?wa?l] a.值得的

第四篇：名詞性從句填空練習(xí)

1．[2014?北京卷] The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.A．where B．whenC．how D．Why 答案：B 考查名詞性從句(表語從句)。根據(jù)題干前半部分中的moment一詞推斷，后面應(yīng)該說的是“……的時(shí)候”，所以本題選B。

2．[2014?北京卷] Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A．whatever B．wheneverC．wherever D．However 答案：A

考查名詞性從句(賓語從句)。句意：一些人相信過去發(fā)生或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情，將來仍然會(huì)重復(fù)。賓語從句中缺少主語，并且指的是事件，所以選A。

3.[2014?全國大綱卷] Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it wa s probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 答案：C 考查主語從句的連接詞。句意：準(zhǔn)確地說，土豆是什么時(shí)候被引進(jìn)歐洲的還不確定，但可能是在1565年左右。此處when引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作狀語。

4．[2014?福建卷] Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.A．that B．what C．how D．Whether 答案：B

考查名詞性從句。句意：振作起來。勇氣就是做你害怕去做的事。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處doing后接賓語從句，而從句中do的后面缺少 賓語，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

5.[2014?湖南卷] As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which B.thatC.what D.Where 答案：C 考查名詞性從句。句意：正如約翰?列儂曾經(jīng)說的那樣，生活就是當(dāng)你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃時(shí)所發(fā)生在你身上的事情。引導(dǎo)詞既要引導(dǎo)表語從句，又要在從句中作主語。故用what。

6．[2014?江蘇卷] —What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, Mum.I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．whatC．that D．who 答案：B 考查表語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。句意：“多么混亂?。∧憧偸沁@么懶！”“我不應(yīng)當(dāng)受到責(zé)備，媽媽，都是你讓我變成這個(gè)樣子的?！狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)后可知，“_______ _ you have made me”是表語從句，從句中make缺少間接賓語，故用what引導(dǎo)。

7．[2014?山東卷] It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A．where B．what C．which D．why 答案：B 考查名詞性從句。句意：對我們來說很難想象在 古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world是賓語從句，作imagine的賓語，在賓語從句中，like后缺少成分，故用what。

8.[2014?陜西卷] ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why B.When C.That D.What 答案：B 考查名詞性從句。句意：延誤了的航班何時(shí) 起飛主要取決于天氣。所填詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，用when，故選B。

9．[2014?四川卷] Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”

A．when B．howC．why D．where 答案：D 考查名詞性從句。此處考查的是名詞性從句中的表語從句，根據(jù)語境可知選D項(xiàng)。句意：奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！?/p>

10.[2014?天津卷] I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.thatC.which D.who 答案：A 考查名詞性從句。句意：我認(rèn)為他的繪畫給我留下深刻印象的是他使用的顏色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，I think后是賓語從句，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是is，其前面是主語從句。從句中謂語動(dòng)詞impresses前又缺主語，需用what引導(dǎo)。

11．[2014?浙江卷] “Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.A．what B．how C．that D．whether 答案：A 考查名詞性從句。句意：母親過去常常告訴我：“每次吃糖的時(shí)候，要喝點(diǎn)兒綠茶。”此處是由wh at引導(dǎo)的表語從句，因?yàn)楸碚Z從句中缺少tell的間接賓語，所以用what引導(dǎo)，選A 項(xiàng)。

12.[2014 ?重慶卷] —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have n o idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favourite universities.A.when B.whyC.that D.how 答案：B 考查同位語從句的用法。此題易誤選C，但后句對Mike拒絕耶魯大學(xué)的錄取意愿感到意外，因?yàn)橐敶髮W(xué)是Mike最喜歡的大學(xué)之一，因此回答者對Mike放棄耶魯大學(xué)感到不可思議。若用that僅表示不知道此事，但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)知道。故選B。

A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.（NMET 2001）

A.how

B.after

C.what

D.when 答案：C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當(dāng)一成分，故what最合適。

14.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week-Is that _________ you had a few days off ?（NMET 99）

A.why

B.when

C.what

D.where 答案：A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠海看航空展去了?！毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨枺骸澳蔷褪悄銥槭裁措x開的原因嗎？”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。

15.I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.（NMET 98）

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.them 答案：A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義，而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句，所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語it。

16.I think Father would like to know ______ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which

B.why

C.what

D.How 答案：C?？疾橘e語從句連詞用法，由結(jié)構(gòu)sb.be up to sth.可知，應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語。

17.We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A.that

B.as

C.why

D.when 答案：C。本題考查賓語從句知識，figure out為及物動(dòng)詞，故此句為賓語從句，從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語，故選why.18.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire do is walk in space.A.where

B.what

C.that

D.how 答案：B。此題句子為時(shí)間狀語從句，全主句的主語是由主語從句來充當(dāng)?shù)?，并且主語從句中不定式動(dòng)詞do缺少賓語，故選what。

第五篇：高中英語完型填空易混詞匯辨析

常用詞匯、詞組辨析

本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例，進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的辨析，并舉例說明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上，考生應(yīng)在學(xué)習(xí)中特別注意加以區(qū)分。

（1）abroad adv./aboard adv./board n.&v.前兩個(gè)詞是副詞，詞形相近，容易記混。這兩個(gè)詞的意思差異很大。abroad意為“在國外”；而aboard的意思是“登（機(jī)），上（車船等）”，與動(dòng)詞go搭配來表示登機(jī)等；最后一個(gè)詞board常用來表示“登機(jī)，上船”，是動(dòng)詞。例：I have decided to study abroad next year.我已決定明年去國外讀書。It is time to go aboard.現(xiàn)在該登機(jī)了。

We are asked to board half an hour before departure time.起飛前半小時(shí)之內(nèi)，我們必須登機(jī)。（2）absorb v./concentrate v.absorb原義為“吸收”，引申詞義為“吸引（注意力，精力等）”，常用于be absorbed in sth.表示“被??吸引住，專注于”；concentrate的意思是“集中精神，全神貫注，聚精會(huì)神”，多與on或upon連用。

例：The picture absorbed my attention.我被這幅畫迷住了。

He found his brother absorbed in the watching of the match.他發(fā)現(xiàn)弟弟在聚精會(huì)神地看比賽。

She tried to concentrate on her work in the university.她試圖專心致志地在大學(xué)里工作。

（3）accomplish vt./complete vt.&a./achieve vt.accomplish的詞義是“成功地完成每項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，尤其指經(jīng)過一定努力后完成；complete主要指“全部完成了，沒有剩下”，另外complete也是形容詞，意為“完整的，完全的”；achieve與accomplish相近，指“經(jīng)過努力最終達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)”。

例：I knew that I had accomplished something during my first year in Beijing.我知道在北京的第一年我已經(jīng)取得了一些成就。I have just completed the revision of this report.我剛剛完成對報(bào)告的修訂。

He went to London without having achieved any success.他一事無成便去了倫敦。

（4）accurate a./correct a./exact a.accurate的意思是“精確的，準(zhǔn)確的”；correct的意思是“正確的，沒有錯(cuò)誤的”；exact的意思是“確切的，正好的”。

例：I need an accurate figure on what we have lost in the battle.我需要有關(guān)戰(zhàn)事?lián)p失的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字。

This is not the correct answer to that question.這不是那個(gè)問題的正確答案。

These are the exact tools those people used several thousand years ago.這些人幾千年前用的就是這種工具。（5）acquire v./require v./inquire v.這幾個(gè)詞詞形、發(fā)音相近，容易記混。acquire的意思是“經(jīng)過自己的努力獲得，習(xí)得”；require的意思是“要求”；inquire的意思是“調(diào)查，詢問，打聽”。例：She has acquired a new set of interests.她現(xiàn)在又有了一些新的愛好。

The rules require us all to be present.按規(guī)定我們都要出席。

Why don’t you inquire by telephone?

你為什么不打電話詢問一下呢？

（6）actual a./genuine a./original a./real a./practical a.actual指“實(shí)際上”、“事實(shí)上”存在或發(fā)生的事情，或人所共知的客觀事實(shí)；genuine指與真實(shí)情況“一模一樣”，“名符其實(shí)”，“真心的”；original指信息或消息等“原原本本”的情況，見解等“獨(dú)到而非抄襲別人”；real指“真實(shí)存在的，不是假的或捏造的；practical指從實(shí)踐、實(shí)用角度講“實(shí)事求是的，可行的，有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”。例：The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.實(shí)際的修理費(fèi)用比我們預(yù)期的要低得多。This ring is genuine gold.這枚戒指是真金的。

This is an original play, not an adaptation.這是一本原創(chuàng)劇本，不是改編而成的。

He is just a recent graduate experiencing the real world for the first time.他只是一個(gè)剛畢業(yè)首次體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的畢業(yè)生。

This kind of product is worthless for all practical purposes.這種產(chǎn)品毫無實(shí)用價(jià)值。（7）adapt v./adopt v.這兩個(gè)詞拼寫只差一個(gè)字母，非常容易記混。adapt的意思是“改編，改作??用，適應(yīng)”；adopt是“收養(yǎng)，采用，采納”。

例：I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions.我建議他要適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。

This play has been skillfully adapted from the original novel.改編者很熟練地將原小說改編成一部戲劇。We can adapt this old house for use as a garage.我們可以將這座舊房改造成一個(gè)車庫。

Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude.她母親采取了不贊成的態(tài)度。

They have decided to adopt me as their own daughter.他們已決定收養(yǎng)我做女兒。（8）adequate a./sufficient a.adequate常用來表示“充足的，完備的，完善的，勝任的”；sufficient則表示“在數(shù)量上是足夠的，多的”。在表示充足的含義上前者更強(qiáng)調(diào)足夠用來做某事，而后者則表示多，不缺乏。

例：His wages are adequate to support these people。他的收入足以養(yǎng)活這些人。Two pounds of orange will be sufficient for the party，don’t buy more.兩磅柑桔就夠聚會(huì)用的了，不必再多買了。（9）administration n./management n.這兩個(gè)名詞都是與管理有關(guān)的名詞。administration的主要含義是“行政管理，政府等”，而management比前者的含義廣，它可以指“包括企業(yè)管理在內(nèi)的各種管理，經(jīng)營”，也可以指“行政管理”。

例：An executive should be experienced in administration.一個(gè)管理者應(yīng)有行政管理的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Nothing was done by the last administration.上屆政府什么事也沒干。

The management of the business has been done very well.這個(gè)企業(yè)管理得很好。

She is going to report the whole thing to the management.她將向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)做全面匯報(bào)。

（10）admit v./allow v./permit v./approve v.這幾個(gè)詞都有“同意，批準(zhǔn)，允許”的意思，要注意區(qū)別運(yùn)用。admit的意思是“同意進(jìn)入，允許進(jìn)入”（常與to連用）；allow泛指“一般的同意，允許”；permit常用來表示“上下級之間的允許，批準(zhǔn)”；approve的主要意思是“批準(zhǔn)（條文，協(xié)議等），贊同”（常與of連用）。例：This ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition.這張展覽會(huì)開幕式的入場券可允許兩人入場。

His mother didn’t allow him to watch TV before he finished his homework.不做完作業(yè)，他母親不許他看電視。

This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages.本州允許銷售酒精類飲料。

Do you think my father would permit this? 你認(rèn)為我父親會(huì)同意這樣做嗎？ Congress approved the budget.國會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了該預(yù)算。

I do not approve at all of his moral character.我根本不贊同他的道德品格。

（11）advantage n./merit n./virtue n.advantage的主要意思是“優(yōu)勢，好處”，為可數(shù)名詞，常用于短語take advantage of sth.；merit的主要意思是“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處，好處，可取之處”，是可數(shù)名詞，也是不可數(shù)名詞；virtue的主要意思是“美德，品德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，主要從事物的品質(zhì)或價(jià)值的角度講優(yōu)點(diǎn)。例：I said we could see certain advantages in a change.我是說我們可以在改變中看到其優(yōu)勢。He knew the merit of his work.他了解他的工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

One of his virtues is that he never gets angry.他的美德之一就是他從不生氣。（12）affair n./event n./incident n.affair的意思是“有關(guān)的事，事務(wù)，活動(dòng)等”，如foreign affairs（外事），也常指婚外戀；event指“每日里發(fā)生的事件，事或活動(dòng)，比賽項(xiàng)目”；incident同event意思相近，指“事件，事”，尤指較重大的、有影響的政治事件等。例：They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran.他們無權(quán)干涉伊朗的內(nèi)政。

The affair remained a complete mystery.那件事至今還是個(gè)謎。

The important event of the week was the big storm.那一周中的大事就是那場大暴風(fēng)雪。

Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school children.村里即將發(fā)生的大事，就是招待學(xué)校的孩子們和舞蹈表演。Our team won the silver medal in this event.我們隊(duì)獲得該項(xiàng)目的銀牌。

On the very day before I left, an incident occurred.事件就發(fā)生在我要離開的當(dāng)天。

There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s.50年代兩國邊境發(fā)生了許多大事。（13）afford v./offer v./provide v.afford的意思是“有條件擔(dān)負(fù)，支付得起”；offer的意思是“給予，提出，出價(jià)”；provide的意思是“提供，供給，為??做準(zhǔn)備”，常與for, with一起連用。例：John can’t afford to give so much time to it.約翰花不起這么多時(shí)間來做這件事。

I don’t think we’ll be able to afford any travel any more.我想我們沒錢再旅行了。

They were friendly and even offered assistance.他們很友好，甚至表示愿意幫助我們。

Mrs.Baines offered no comment on Susan’s situation.貝恩太太對蘇珊的處境未做任何評論。

On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast.周日，他的房東為他既提供早餐又提供晚餐。He provided for his family by working in a factory。他靠在工廠做工來養(yǎng)家。

We must provide for the future.我們必須為將來做好準(zhǔn)備。（14）alarm n.&v./warn n.&v.alarm的意思是“提醒，警告”，有使警覺，使做好準(zhǔn)備的意思；warn的意思主要指“警告，告誡”，有事先告訴可能發(fā)生的事，警告說??的意思。

例：There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place.當(dāng)夜，空襲警報(bào)拉響了數(shù)次，但并沒有飛機(jī)來襲。He warned us that the road was icy.他警告我們說道路很滑。

（15）alike a.&adv./ identical a.這兩個(gè)詞都有長得一樣，長得像的意思。alike是副詞也是形容詞，只做表語用；identical是形容詞，意思是“同一個(gè)，完全相同”，除了作表語，也可以在名詞前做定語，可用于詞組be identical with。

例：My brother and I are exactly alike.我兄弟和我長得一模一樣。It’s the identical coat which was stolen from my wife.這就是我妻子丟失的那件上衣。Your pen is identical with mine.你這支鋼筆和我那支完全一樣。

（16）area n./region n./zone n./district n.area通常用于面積可測量或計(jì)算的地區(qū)，界限明確，但不指行政區(qū)劃。如：60 years ago, half French people were still living in the rural area.region常指地理上有天然界限或具有某種特色（如氣候、自然條件）自成一個(gè)單位的地區(qū)。如：the Arctic regions北極地區(qū)。另外region也指較大的行政單位。如：Xinjiang Autonomous Region.zone通常指地理上的“（地）帶”，尤指圖表上的環(huán)形地帶。如：refugees from the war zone從戰(zhàn)爭地區(qū)來的難民。district指行政劃分的區(qū)，比region小，通常指市鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的一區(qū)。如：Hai dian district海淀區(qū)（17）alive a./live a./vivid a./lively a.alive指“活著的，處于工作狀態(tài)的”的意思，和dead反義，常作表語。live指“有生命的”，即having life，“正處于工作狀態(tài)”的意思。vivid指人的表情、故事等“生動(dòng)”、“逼真”、“活潑”等。lively指人及生物等充滿生機(jī)和活力，即“活潑的”、“充滿生氣的”。（18）affect v./influence v.這兩個(gè)詞都有“影響”的意思。

1）affect vt.作“影響”講時(shí)可分三種情況：

① 直接的、有形的力量作用于某事物或事件并使之發(fā)生變化。例：They try to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer.他們施肥料以使莊稼長大。

② 用于表示對某事物或事產(chǎn)生不好的影響。

例：Exposure to intense light affects one’s eyes adversely.暴露在強(qiáng)光之下會(huì)損害眼睛。

③ 指對另外一個(gè)人感情上的影響，感染，感動(dòng)。例：Music affects some people very strongly.音樂對一些人有強(qiáng)烈的感染力。

He was much affected at the sad sight.他深為這一悲傷的情景所感動(dòng)。

2）influence通常指“不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響”，往往是間接的，通過說服或以實(shí)際行動(dòng)樹立榜樣而對他人產(chǎn)生影響。

例：He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.他受到一位中學(xué)教師的影響而學(xué)了醫(yī)。（19）allowance n./tuition n.allowance 的意思是“生活費(fèi)，補(bǔ)貼”；tuition的意思是“學(xué)費(fèi)”。

例：They gave her a small allowance but didn’t pretend to like her work.他們給她一小筆生活費(fèi)，但對她的工作卻不甚滿意。

At this school the tuition is free，but you have to pay for the books you need.這所學(xué)校免收學(xué)費(fèi)，但書費(fèi)要你自己負(fù)擔(dān)。（20）amaze v./amuse v.這兩個(gè)詞詞形相近，容易混。amaze的意思是“使驚愕，使驚訝”；amuse的意思是“使開心，使高興”。這兩個(gè)詞用于被動(dòng)式時(shí)，后而都接介詞at(be amazed/amused at sth.)。例：She was amazed at the man’s sympathy with life.這個(gè)男人對生命的同情態(tài)度讓她感到很驚訝。A clown’s job is to amuse the spectators.馬戲團(tuán)小丑的工作就是逗觀眾開心。（21）announce v./declare v./claim v.announce的意思是“通知，宣布（結(jié)果，決定等）”；declare的意思是“宣布（公告，法律等），聲明”；claim意為“聲稱，要求得到，認(rèn)領(lǐng)”。

例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song.她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。

The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關(guān)系的正?；?/p>

They declared martial law in the mining communities.他們宣布對礦區(qū)實(shí)行軍事管制。

If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it? 請這部相機(jī)的失主前來認(rèn)領(lǐng)。

She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!她聲稱自己的鋼琴彈得與Themelis一樣棒。（22）annoyed a./upset a.annoyed的意思是“不快的，惱火的”（比angry的程度要低），從生氣的角度講不高興；upset的意思是“不高興，難過，不舒服”，從感到別扭的角度講不高興。例：She was annoyed at your saying that.你這么說讓她很不自在。

I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come.如果你不來，我會(huì)很不安的。

（23）apparatus n./instrument n./device n./appliance n.apparatus主要指“器械，裝置，儀器，器官”；instrument主要指“儀器，工具，樂器”；device指“器具，裝置，儀表，手段”；appliance指“器具，器械，家用電器等”。例：The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film.攝制組的人架好機(jī)器準(zhǔn)備開拍。

All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.手術(shù)前，所有手術(shù)器械必須消毒。

The television receiver is an electronic device.電視接收機(jī)是一種電子設(shè)備。

The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.廚房裝備了現(xiàn)代化的炊事用具。（24）appoint v./assign v.appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟職位一類的名詞；assign的相關(guān)意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具體的工作。

例：They appointed him Minister of Education.他們?nèi)蚊麨榻逃块L。

She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee.她被任命為委員會(huì)的主席。

The problem was assigned to a commission.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)交給了一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)去處理。I assign you to wash the dishes.我分配你去洗盤子。（25）approach n./method n.這兩個(gè)詞都可以表示方法。approach常指“針對某一問題的解決處理方法”，后跟介詞to；method泛指“任何方法”，適用范圍比approach要廣，后常跟介詞of。例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics.數(shù)學(xué)研究上沒有什么捷徑。

It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening.很奇怪，他們怎么會(huì)選擇這種方式來打發(fā)這個(gè)晚上。（26）approve v./permit v./admit v.approve指較正式地對某種事情表示認(rèn)可、贊同或批準(zhǔn)；permit指允許、不禁止某人干某事；admit指容納，允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)。

例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。

She won’t permit dogs in the house.她不準(zhǔn)許家中有狗。He was admitted to the commission.他被該委員會(huì)接納。（27）arise v./arouse v.arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”；arouse是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“引起，激起，喚起”。

例：A democratic movement has arisen.一場民主運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。We aroused him from his deep sleep.我們把他從睡夢中喚醒。（28）assemble v./resemble v.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，assemble意為“集中，集合，裝配”；resemble意為“相像”。例：People began to assemble on the platform.人們開始向月臺聚集。In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes.在那家工廠，工人們不到15分種就裝配好一部汽車。Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways.史密斯各方面都象他的父親。

（29）assure v./ensure v./insure v./reassure v.assure和ensure都有“保證，確?！敝?。assure指十分肯定地向某人保證某事一定要發(fā)生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做賓語。ensure則強(qiáng)調(diào)能保證某種行為或某事件的結(jié)果一定發(fā)生。insure特指保險(xiǎn)，替??做保險(xiǎn)；reassure意為“使人放心，使人安心，再向??保證”。例：I assure you of the reliability of the information.我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。

Ensure that it is written into your contract.你得保證把這一點(diǎn)寫到合同中去。Is your house insured against fire? 你的房子做了防火保險(xiǎn)了嗎？

The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her.這名婦女擔(dān)心服用阿司匹林會(huì)帶來危險(xiǎn)，她的醫(yī)生讓她放心，不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)的。（30）assess v./access n.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音很相近，容易搞混。assess是動(dòng)詞，意為“評估，估價(jià)”；access是名詞，意為“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介詞to。

例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000.這處房產(chǎn)的估價(jià)為7萬美元。

They sent someone to assess the value of the factory.他們派人去評估那家工廠的價(jià)值。

The only access to the building is along the muddy track.通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。

Only senior students have the access to this reading room.只有高年級的同學(xué)才能進(jìn)這間閱覽室。（31）attach v./stick v.attach的主要意思是“附加，附著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)附加；stick的主要意思是“粘貼，貼附于，緊貼著，固定”，強(qiáng)調(diào)緊密。

例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes.然后將導(dǎo)線接到電極的一端。

There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached.每人都有一份禮物，每份禮物都附有一首得體的小詩。Just stick 2 stamps on the envelope.在信封上貼上兩張郵票。

He stuck a rose in his buttonhole.他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。（32）attribute to/owe to/due to attribute to意為“歸因于，認(rèn)為是??的結(jié)果”；owe to意為“??應(yīng)歸功于??”；due to意為“由于，因??造成，歸功于”，常用作表語或狀語。例：Mr.Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living.杜德先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to you.如果我有所進(jìn)步的話，那應(yīng)該歸功于你。His absence was due to the storm.由于風(fēng)暴他未能出席。

He failed due to carelessness.他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。

（33）wake v./awake v.&a./waken v./awaken v.wake為動(dòng)詞，意思是“叫醒，醒來，喚醒”；awake意為“醒來，叫醒”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“醒著”；waken是動(dòng)詞，意為“叫醒，鬧醒”；awaken是動(dòng)詞，意為“叫醒”，多用于引申意義“覺醒，引起”。這四個(gè)詞中最常用的是wake，尤其在口語中；awake和awaken多用其引申意義；awake常用作不及物動(dòng)詞；awaken/waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞。例：My brother wakes at seven each morning.我弟弟每天早上7點(diǎn)鐘醒來。This at once awakened suspicion.這馬上引起了大家的懷疑。

When he awoke Joseph was beside him.當(dāng)他醒來時(shí)，約瑟夫就在他身邊。The national spirit awoke.民族精神覺醒了。

She gently wakened the sleeping child.她輕輕地叫醒熟睡的孩子。（34）award v.&n./prize v.&n.award作動(dòng)詞意為“發(fā)給??獎(jiǎng)品等”，作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金等”；prize作動(dòng)詞意為“珍視”，作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金”，也可以指“寶貴的物或人”，prize還可以作形容詞，意為“獲獎(jiǎng)的”。

例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.奧林匹克冠軍獲得了金牌的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。They awarded him the Nobel prize.他們?yōu)樗C發(fā)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。

Prizes will be given for the three best stories.三部最佳作品將獲獎(jiǎng)。

Jane soon became popular for a prize rose.簡因那枝獲獎(jiǎng)玫瑰而遠(yuǎn)近聞名。As a secretary she was a prize.她真是一個(gè)不可多得的秘書。（35）aware a./notice v.&n.aware意為“意識到的，認(rèn)識到的”，常用詞組be aware of；notice意為“注意到，察覺到”，notice還可以作名詞，意為“通知，注意”。

例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her.直到他跟她講話她才注意到他的存在。She is politically aware.她很有政治頭腦。

Did you notice anything else peculiar? 你有沒有注意到任何特別的東西？ They sent me a notice.他們給我發(fā)了一個(gè)通知。

（36）behave v./conduct v./act v.behave指人的行為、舉止和表現(xiàn)。本為不及物動(dòng)詞，但用作此義時(shí)可與反身代詞連用；conduct與behave在作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)同義，但強(qiáng)調(diào)自我控制、約束；act作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能和反身代詞連用。例：The child behaved(himself)badly at the party.那孩子在聚會(huì)上的表現(xiàn)很差。

She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.她悲傷時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出奇的冷靜。She acts like a born leader.她的舉止象個(gè)天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。（37）blame v./scold v.blame的意思是“責(zé)備，怪罪，埋怨”；scold的意思是“（厲聲）責(zé)罵，斥責(zé)”。例：I don’t blame you, I blame myself.我不怪你，我怪我自己。

He blamed his failure on his teacher.他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

Her father scolded her for being too free with the soldiers.她父親斥責(zé)她與這些兵交往太隨便。（38）breed v./feed v.breed意為“養(yǎng)殖，培育，繁殖，教養(yǎng)”；feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages.有些動(dòng)物關(guān)在籠子里就會(huì)很難繁殖。Many farmers breed cows and sheep.許多農(nóng)民養(yǎng)牛和羊。

She was feeding the baby with porridge.她正用粥喂自己的寶寶。

The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows.牛群在草地上靜靜地吃草。（39）burden n./load n.burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)，包袱，擔(dān)子”，多為貶義；load意為“裝載物，負(fù)荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的負(fù)擔(dān)，壓力”。

例：They don’t want to add to the government’s burden.他們不想給政府添包袱。

He was faced with the severe financial burden.他面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。

The bridge has been built to support very heavy load.建這座橋是為了使重載車也能通過。The load on her mind grew lighter.她的思想負(fù)擔(dān)輕了許多。

（40）campaign n./champion n.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易弄混。campaign意為“（競選）運(yùn)動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役”；champion意為“冠軍”。

例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa.德國人在北非戰(zhàn)役中打了敗仗。

The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy.該黨建議發(fā)起新的一輪運(yùn)動(dòng)來提高生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。

The champion issued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him.拳擊冠軍向所有其他拳擊手發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。（41）canal n./channel n./tunnel n.canal意為“運(yùn)河等人工開鑿的河流”；channel的意思是“海峽，渠道”，頻道；tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。

例：The big canal was completed in five years.修建這條大運(yùn)河花了5年時(shí)間。

The English Channel separates France from England.英吉利海峽將英法兩國隔開。

You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help.如果你想得到政府的幫助，你就必須通過官方渠道。The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel.鐵路經(jīng)隧道從大山下面通過。

（42）candidate n./applicant n./competitor n./representative n.candidate意為“候選人，應(yīng)征者”；applicant意為“申請人”；competitor意為“競賽對手”；representative意為“代表”。

例：This time our candidate got 260 votes.這一次我們的候選人獲得了260張選票。There were three applicants for the job.這項(xiàng)工作有3個(gè)人申請。

Tell the competitors for the next race to come here.告訴下一項(xiàng)比賽的參賽者到這里來。James is our representative at the meeting.詹姆斯在會(huì)上是代表我們的。

（43）cargo n./commodity n./goods n.cargo一般指“船或飛機(jī)運(yùn)載的貨物”；commodity意為“商品”；goods用來泛指“商品，貨物等”。

例：These planes can carry a cargo of six tons.這些飛機(jī)能運(yùn)載6噸貨物。

Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.葡萄酒是法國向海外銷售的許多商品之一。The goods were brought round early this morning.今天一大早，這些貨物就被帶來。

Consumer goods production was to go up by 7 percent.消費(fèi)品生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃增長7%。

（44）case n./condition n./situation n./occasion n.case常指事物的特定情況，事情真相和始末，如“病例”、“案件”等；condition指某時(shí)某處事情發(fā)展、存在的狀況、狀態(tài)或條件，一個(gè)人的“感覺如何”；situation往往指一組情況或一些情況的綜合，常譯為“情況”、“形勢”；occasion指特定的“時(shí)機(jī)”、“場合”、“良機(jī)”。例：All the people involved in this case must be present.所有與這起案件有關(guān)的人都必須到場。

Conditions in the office made concentration impossible.辦公室的狀況根本不可能使人專心。

The current international situation is not optimistic.目前的國際形勢不容樂觀。

It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion.在這種場合唱這樣一首歌是不太合適的。

（45）chance n./opportunity n./advantage n./fortune n.chance著重指偶然或意外的可能，有時(shí)也指“好機(jī)會(huì)”，這時(shí)可用“opportunity”替代；opportunity著重指“好機(jī)會(huì)”，帶有“適逢其時(shí)、正好便于行事”之意；advantage指有利的條件或優(yōu)勢；fortune指人“交好運(yùn)氣”，有一定迷信的色彩。例：There is a chance that I will see him these days.這幾天我有可能見到他。

The 2008 Olympic Games will bring us many opportunities and challenges.2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將給我們帶來許多機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。It is to your advantage to invest wisely.明智地投資對你很有利。

It is also believed that fireworks will bring good fortune in the coming year.據(jù)說放鞭炮還能為人們在新的一年里帶來好運(yùn)氣。

（46）contest n./match n./game n./play n./competition n.contest指“人與人之間進(jìn)行爭奪以取得優(yōu)勝”之意；match指對手之間進(jìn)行的比賽、競賽等力量或智慧較量，通常指具體的比賽；game指決勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則；美國稱比賽為game，英國稱比賽為match；play最一般用語，指通過游戲或運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到娛樂目的文體活動(dòng)；competition指對手之間以某種手段或智慧、力量等壓倒對方而取勝。例：She got the first prize in a recent beauty contest.她在最近的選美比賽中奪冠。

A critical football match is being transmitted on CCTV 5.中央五套正在轉(zhuǎn)播一場關(guān)鍵的足球比賽。

The team is preparing for taking part in the coming winter games.這支隊(duì)伍正在為即將舉行的冬運(yùn)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。

The school uses some methods which combine language lessens with the play.這所學(xué)校采用了某些方法，將語言課與玩耍結(jié)合起來。

To get the advantage in the competition, you must have enough preparation in advance.為了在競爭中取得優(yōu)勢，你必須之前做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。（47）carry out/perform/realize/come true/come into being carry out指把預(yù)定的計(jì)劃、規(guī)則等變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，其意相當(dāng)于fulfill；perform是do的正規(guī)說法，指“執(zhí)行”、“進(jìn)行”某種任務(wù)或計(jì)劃等；realize指把夢想、理想、雄心等變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，為及物動(dòng)詞；come true不及物用法，指夢想、理想等隨時(shí)間前進(jìn)而變成現(xiàn)實(shí)；come into being指原來沒有的事物現(xiàn)在“開始存在”或“產(chǎn)生出來”。

例：It is time for us to carry out this plan.是我們實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃的時(shí)候了。The surgeon performed the operation.醫(yī)師做了手術(shù)。He has finally realized his dream as a writer in his childhood.他終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了他童年時(shí)代想成為作家的夢想。

His dream as a writer in his childhood comes true finally.他童年時(shí)代想成為作家的夢想終于變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。Recently a new anti-Japan trend has come into being.最近產(chǎn)生了一股新的反日傾向。

（48）compose v./compile v./create v./produce v./conceive v.compose指把各種材料和構(gòu)思編排成文章、樂曲等；compile著重指匯集資料而后加工成書籍、詞典等；create著重指從無到有地進(jìn)行“創(chuàng)造”、“創(chuàng)作”等；produce最一般用詞，指通過一切方法“提出”或“生產(chǎn)”、“制造”出產(chǎn)品或思想成果；conceive指頭腦經(jīng)過思考、想像“想出”主意、辦法、假設(shè)等。

例：The great musician composed a wonderful musical piece during a night.這名偉大的音樂家在一夜之間就創(chuàng)作出了一首精美絕倫的音樂作品。It will take a long time and energy to compile a dictionary.編撰一本字典要耗費(fèi)很多的時(shí)間和精力。

create a poem 創(chuàng)作一首詩；create a new life 創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的生命 produce a videotape 制作一個(gè)錄影帶；produce a car 生產(chǎn)汽車

The sales manager has been conceiving a plan to increase profits all the night.銷售經(jīng)理整晚都在構(gòu)想一個(gè)增加利潤的計(jì)劃。（49）companion n./fellow n.companion意為“同胞，伙伴，志趣相投的人”；fellow意為“同伴，同伙，家伙，一起共事的人”。

例：My fellow travelers made good companions.我的旅伴是不錯(cuò)的搭檔。

The boy went to join his fellows on the playing field.這孩了到操場上和其他小朋友玩起來。（50）competent a./capable a./qualified a.這三個(gè)詞都有可以做某事的意思，competent主要指“能勝任，稱職，具有某種技能”；capable指“能干，有能力”，常用詞組be capable of；qualified主要指“合格，有資格做某事”。例：Be sure to get a competent electrician for the job.一定要找一位稱職的電氣工程師來做這個(gè)工作。John is a very capable and very intelligent boy.約翰是一個(gè)非常有能力、非常聰明的孩子。I don’t believe she is capable of winning the game.我不相信她有能力贏得這項(xiàng)比賽。

I am a qualified doctor, who will not hurt you.我是位合格的醫(yī)生，不會(huì)傷害你的。（51）component n./element n.component意為“部件，元件，成分”，強(qiáng)調(diào)每部分是獨(dú)立的、與其他不同的個(gè)體；element意為“元素，成分，要素”，強(qiáng)調(diào)每部分為最小的、不可再分的元素或單元。

例：The engine has more than 300 components, made of a number of different materials.這部引擎有300多個(gè)不同材料制成的零件。

Carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound.碳是一種元素，二氧化碳是一種化合物。

Honesty, industry, and kindness are elements of a good life.誠實(shí)、勤勞和善良是美好生活的要素。（52）conserve v./reserve v./preserve v.conserve意為“保存，保護(hù)，節(jié)約”；reserve意為“保留，預(yù)定”；preserve意為“保存，保持，腌制，防腐”。

例：We must conserve our woodlands for future generations.我們必須為子孫后代保護(hù)好我們的林地。I reserve the right to make my own decisions.我保留自己做決定的權(quán)利。

I reserved a table for four at Newland restaurant.我在新大陸餐館定了一張四人桌。

A commission was set up to preserve historical houses in the city.成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來保護(hù)城里的那些歷史建筑。Policemen preserve order in the streets.警察在街上維持秩序。

Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are sold.魚在出售前一直存放在冰和鹽當(dāng)中。（53）convert v./transform v.convert意為“改變，轉(zhuǎn)變（信仰等）”，主要指把事物從一種狀態(tài)改變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)，使其有了新的用途或特征；transform意為“變形，改變”，主要指外形，外表上的改變。例：These machines convert cotton into cloth.這些機(jī)器將棉花變成布。

Many Africans were converted to Christianity.許多非洲人皈依了基督教。

He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting room.他把一間舊廚房改造成一間美麗的客廳。（54）convince v./persuade v.convince意為“說服，使相信”；persuade意為“勸人做，使同意做，使相信”。例：I am not quite convinced by what he has said.他的話還不足以讓我信服。

He convinced me that Howard was innocent.他使我相信霍華德是無辜的。

She persuaded Shelley to adopt a new job.她勸告雪莉接受新的工作。

She persuaded him that she was telling the truth.她使他確信她說的是實(shí)情。

（55）crash v./crush v./smash v.crash指“車輛、飛機(jī)等的碰撞”；crush指“軋碎，輾碎”；smash指“打碎，摔碎”。例：I dropped the plate and it smashed.我失手將盤子掉在地上摔碎了。

One of his legs was crushed in an accident.他的一條腿在車禍中軋斷了。The airplane crashed into a house.那架飛機(jī)撞到了一所民宅上。（56）danger n./risk n./hazard n.這三個(gè)詞都可以用來表示危險(xiǎn)。danger意為“面臨危險(xiǎn)的可能性或?qū)嶋H存在的危險(xiǎn)，災(zāi)害”；risk與danger相比，意味著更多的遭受損失或失敗的可能性，常用來指“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做某事”；hazard較danger更正式，多指“無法預(yù)見，無法控制的危險(xiǎn)”。

例：They held a discussion to reduce the danger of military confrontation between the two nations.他們開會(huì)討論了如何降低兩國間發(fā)生軍事沖突的危險(xiǎn)。There is a risk of you catching cold.你有患感冒的危險(xiǎn)。

The disease is spreading and all children under 5 are at risk.這種病正在蔓延，5歲以下的兒童都有染上該病的危險(xiǎn)。Icy road is a hazard to all the drivers, especially the green hand.結(jié)冰的公路對所有的司機(jī)來說都是一種危險(xiǎn)，對新手來說尤其如此。（57）decline v./reduce v./decrease v.decline指“數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、重要性等慢慢減弱，下降，衰退的過程”；reduce多指“范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量的減少，降低”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，主語往往是人；decrease意為“減少，降低”，強(qiáng)調(diào)減少，衰退的過程。

例：During the crisis years the production of coal declined 41.6 percent.經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間煤產(chǎn)量降低了41.6%。

We have reduced the price of the coat from $100 to $50.我們將這款外套的價(jià)格從100美元降到了50美元。Water consumption decreased during the winter.冬天耗水量下降了。

（58）defect n./fault n./mistake n./error n.這四個(gè)詞容易弄混，實(shí)際上可分為兩組：defect, fault指毛病、缺點(diǎn)；mistake和error指錯(cuò)誤。defect指表面上的缺陷或人或物本質(zhì)上的缺點(diǎn)，尤指生產(chǎn)品所存在的缺陷，著重指由于某種欠缺而影響到產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，以致完全妨礙了某種功能的發(fā)揮。fault側(cè)重于造成錯(cuò)誤的個(gè)人責(zé)任，還可指人或物的缺點(diǎn)。fault指物時(shí)，特指缺乏某種要素而不完善，有毛病，過失。mistake指錯(cuò)誤，由于有缺陷的判斷，知識不足或粗心造成的失誤或錯(cuò)誤。error指錯(cuò)誤，比較正式，常用于表現(xiàn)無意識地偏離正確的行為、主張或信念。

例：The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it.這臺機(jī)器因?yàn)橛忻?，不安全。He suffers from a hearing defect.他聽覺有毛病。

例：There is a small electrical fault in the motor.馬達(dá)里的電路上有個(gè)小毛病。

He could never accept the fact that he had been at fault.他無法接受自己有錯(cuò)這個(gè)事實(shí)。例：This mistake was made entirely through your fault.這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤完全歸咎于你。The waiter made a mistake over the bill.服務(wù)員把賬算錯(cuò)了。Your paper is full of spelling mistakes.你的論文拼寫錯(cuò)誤很多。It is a mistake to leave my camera at home.把攝像機(jī)留在家里真是失策。

Professor Zhang found a technical error in your paper.張教授在你的論文中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)技術(shù)性的錯(cuò)誤。The accident was the result of human error.這事故是人為的錯(cuò)誤造成的。（59）despair n.&v./desperate a.despair是名詞和動(dòng)詞，意為“沮喪，絕望，灰心喪氣等”，常與in一起搭配；desperate是形容詞，意為“絕望的，迫切的，不顧后果的”。例：Susan cried loudly in despair.蘇珊絕望地失聲痛哭。

Don’t despair, things will get better soon.別灰心，情況很快就會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。

He was desperate after the failure of his last attempt.最后一次嘗試失敗后，他絕望了。

The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape.囚犯們不顧一切地企圖越獄逃跑。

（60）deserve v./justified a./reasonable a.deserve是動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)享受??，值得??，應(yīng)當(dāng)（受到）??”；justified為“有道理的，正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籸easonable意為“合情合理的，公道的，公平的”。例：Mary really deserves a long holiday after two weeks’ work on end.瑪麗連續(xù)工作了兩個(gè)星期，她的確應(yīng)享受一次長假。I’m perfectly willing to pay reasonable price.我非常愿意為一個(gè)合理的價(jià)格付款。

The editor is justified in refusing your lousy report.你這份報(bào)導(dǎo)寫得真糟糕，編輯當(dāng)然要拒發(fā)了。（61）distinguish v./identify v.distinguish意為“區(qū)分，識別”，多與from，between等介詞連用；identify意為“認(rèn)出，識別出”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)區(qū)分兩個(gè)事物的差異，而后者多指從中認(rèn)出，證明（是誰，是什么）。例：It was difficult to distinguish anything in the dark.黑暗中很難辨清物體。

Can you distinguish cotton cloth from nylon? 你能分清棉布和尼龍制品嗎？ Could you identify your bicycle among a hundred others? 你能從100輛車中認(rèn)出自己的自行車嗎？

Fred identified the bag as his by telling what it contained.弗雷德講出了包內(nèi)存放物，從而認(rèn)領(lǐng)了自己的包。（62）discover n./invent n./conceive n./devise n.discover指首次“發(fā)現(xiàn)”原來早已存在的事物；invent指根據(jù)某種原理首次“研制”、“創(chuàng)造”、“發(fā)明”某種新東西；conceive構(gòu)想出某種主意、方案或計(jì)劃，著重指用腦筋設(shè)想、想像；devise著重指從多種可能性中反復(fù)研磨、試驗(yàn)，想出某種計(jì)劃或設(shè)計(jì)出新東西。例：Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Who invented the steam engine?

誰發(fā)明了蒸汽機(jī)？ He is conceiving a new novel.他正在構(gòu)思一部新的小說。

The man devised a new system for handling mails after experimenting many times.這個(gè)人在經(jīng)過反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)后設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新的信件處理系統(tǒng)。（63）disturb v./bother v./interrupt v.disturb意為“打擾，擾亂，使不安”，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，指程度較深的煩惱，甚至心理方面的失常；bother意為“打擾，麻煩，費(fèi)心”，常指暫時(shí)的，無關(guān)緊要的閑擾，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中bother有“有意打擾”的含義；interrupt意為“打斷，使中斷”。例如： The child continually disturbed the class.這個(gè)孩子不斷地?cái)_亂課堂秩序。

Emotionally disturbed children need special care and treatment.情感失調(diào)的孩子需要特別的關(guān)懷和治療。

I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 對不起，打擾你了，請問幾點(diǎn)了？ Don’t bother about meeting me.不必費(fèi)心來見我。

It is not polite to interrupt a speaker.打斷別人的講話很不禮貌。

He interrupted his work to answer the question.他中斷了自己的工作來回答問題。（64）diversity n./variety n.diversity是不可數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)作單數(shù)用，前面可加冠詞a，意為“多種多樣”，多指從總體的角度看里面包含著很多不同的東西；variety既是可數(shù)名詞也是不可數(shù)名同，作為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“各種各樣”，多指從個(gè)體的角度看每個(gè)個(gè)體都與其他不同，不單調(diào)，有變化。例：Mary has a great diversity of interests；she likes sports, travel and photography.瑪麗興趣廣泛，她喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、旅游和攝影。

What the students requested most often was variety within the lesson hour.學(xué)生們最經(jīng)常的要求就是課堂上要花樣翻新。

（65）durable a./permanent a./perpetual a./long-lasting a.durable指衣物的經(jīng)久耐用或友誼、和平或品德等經(jīng)得起考驗(yàn)的性質(zhì)；permanent指永久不變的，如“永久的”住宅、地址或職業(yè)等；long-lasting指事物的曠日持久、歷時(shí)已久的性質(zhì)。例：a durable fabric 耐穿織物；a durable friendship 持久的友誼 The universal human are yearning for a permanent peace.全人類都在渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)一種永恒的和平。

Solving the pollution problem is a long-lasting battle.解決污染問題是一場曠日持久的戰(zhàn)役。（66）environment n./surroundings n.surroundings 指一個(gè)人四周的生活環(huán)境，是從周圍事物這一客觀著眼。environment指包括空氣、水、人類等在內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然環(huán)境，也可指精神環(huán)境，均從環(huán)境對人的感受、道德及觀念的影響著眼。

例：The guest house stands in picturesque surroundings.賓館四周環(huán)境優(yōu)美如畫。Everyone prefers to live in clean and comfortable surroundings· 人人都愿意生活在清潔舒適的環(huán)境中。

A child’s character is greatly influenced by his home environment.孩子的性格受家庭影響很大。

（67）examination n./investigation n./inspection n.examination一般用詞，可指粗略的察看或?qū)κ挛锏募?xì)節(jié)也進(jìn)行細(xì)致的考察；investigation指對某一事件、案件進(jìn)行的從頭至尾的調(diào)查研究；inspection強(qiáng)調(diào)按照確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對事物進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)、視察。

例：When shall we receive the examination results?(= exam)我們什么時(shí)候可以收到考試結(jié)果？ a medical examination體格檢查

The police investigation will take weeks.警察的調(diào)查將進(jìn)行幾個(gè)星期。

The mayor made an inspection of the school.市長視察了這所學(xué)校。

（68）extend v./expand v./expend v./stretch v./spread v./scatter v.extend意為“延伸，擴(kuò)展，伸出”；expand意為“張開，展開，膨脹”；expend意為“用掉，耗費(fèi)掉”；stretch指把某樣?xùn)|西變長，通常不是加長，而是用拉伸的方法使之變長；spread指使某物攤開、展開或消息等向四面八方傳播開；scatter指把種子、垃圾或其他碎物撒開。例：She extended both hands towards her mother.她向母親伸出雙臂。

The road extends for miles.這條路綿延數(shù)英里。

He expanded his short story into a novel.他將自己的一篇短篇小說擴(kuò)展為一部長篇小說。Metal expands by heating.金屬加熱后會(huì)延展。

They had expended a great amount of time on the project.他們在這項(xiàng)工程上耗費(fèi)了許多時(shí)間。

He tried to stretch the banner between two poles.他努力把旗在兩桿之間拉直。spread her fingers張開手指；spread the news 傳播消息 We spread the bicycle parts out on the floor.我們將自行車零件在地板上攤開。

The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens.農(nóng)民把谷子撒在院子里喂雞。

（69）feeling n./emotion n./passion n.均可表示“感情”。feeling泛指一般的情緒，在心理學(xué)上特指受到外界刺激所產(chǎn)生的感覺。emotion指受到刺激所產(chǎn)生的喜怒哀樂等激動(dòng)情緒。passion指往往不能自持的極強(qiáng)烈的情緒，如強(qiáng)烈的憤怒、愛好、戀情、情欲等。

例：a feeling of happiness幸福感；a feeling of shame羞愧感 His voice was choked with emotion.他激動(dòng)得說不出話來。My current passion is to play chess.我現(xiàn)在的激情是下棋。（70）fragment n./segment n.fragment意為“片段，碎片”，強(qiáng)調(diào)不完整，碎的概念；segment意為“瓣，事物（如網(wǎng)）的一段等”，突出一部分的概念。

例：She dropped the bowl on the floor, and it broke into fragments.她失手將碗掉在地板上摔成碎片。

He overheard fragments of their conversation.他偷聽到他們談話的一些片段。

An orange is easily pulled apart into its segments.我們可以很容易地把桔子剝成一瓣一瓣的。The shaded part is a segment of the circle.陰影部分是圓的一部分。

（71）gather v./assemble v./collect v.gather指把東西集中在一起或把人召集在一起。assemble指裝配，集合，聚集。這個(gè)詞表明所涉及的人或物有確定的通常是緊密的聯(lián)系，表示涉及的人是出于共同的興趣或目的而聚集。collect指為了特定的目的把東西經(jīng)過仔細(xì)挑選后收集起來。

例：A group of students gathered in front of the administration building.一群學(xué)生聚集在行政大樓前面。

assemble the jury召集陪審團(tuán)；assemble a machine裝配機(jī)器 collect antiques收集古物；collect stamps集郵（72）glimpse v.&n./glance v.&n.glimpse意為“瞥見一眼”，有時(shí)表示一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，多從結(jié)果的角度講，常用于短語get a glimpse of/catch a glimpse of;glance意為“很快地看一眼，一瞥”，多從動(dòng)作的角度講，常與at連用，詞組為at a glance, glance through/over。例：We glimpsed the field through the trees.透過樹叢我們瞥了一眼田野。

We caught a glimpse of his face as he ran past.他從我們身邊跑過時(shí)，我們看了一眼他的長相。I knew a glimpse of truth.我了解一些真相。

I had a glimpse of his true feelings when I saw how worried he was.當(dāng)我看到他是如此著急時(shí)，我隱約意識到一點(diǎn)他的真實(shí)情感。I took a glance at the book.我飛快地瀏覽了一下這本書。She glanced quickly at them all.她很快地掃了他們一眼。（73）ignore v./neglect v.ignore意為“漠視，不理睬”；neglect意為“忽視，遺漏，疏忽”。例：Ann ignored her friend’s confusion.安娜不理睬她的朋友現(xiàn)在迷惑不解的樣子。The boy was so rude that we decided to ignore him.那個(gè)男孩太粗魯，我們決定不去理睬他。You’re neglecting your work.你工作太不上心了。

I’ve neglected to clean your room this morning.今天早上我忘記打掃你的房間了。（74）ill a./sick a./faint v.ill指“不健康”，“壞”；英語用ill作表語當(dāng)“生病”講，美國則用sick。sick作“生病”講，美國更常用，此外，常指“惡心”、“想嘔吐”、“討厭”等意。faint指“頭暈”、“失神無力”。例：The child has been ill-treated in the orphan house.這孩子在孤兒院里一直受虐待。ill effects副作用

She feels sick in buses.她在公共汽車上覺得很惡心。She fainted because of the heat.她熱昏過去了。

（75）equipment n./facility n./appliance n./instrument n.equipment指成套的裝備，設(shè)備，器具；facility指服務(wù)性的設(shè)施或?yàn)槭怪饕O(shè)備工作方便而造的輔助設(shè)備；appliance指用于特定目的的工具，器具或家用器具等；instrument指科研、實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器或樂器等。

例：office equipment 辦公室設(shè)備；travel equipment旅行設(shè)備 public facilities公共設(shè)施；health care facilities.醫(yī)療保健設(shè)施 household appliances家用電器

musical instrument樂器；optical instrument光學(xué)儀器（76）imply v./suggest v./infer v.imply指暗含某種意思而不明言的“暗示”；suggest指用間接的、旁敲側(cè)擊的辦法表示出自己的看法；infer表示推斷, 指由證據(jù)或根據(jù)得出結(jié)論或由特定情況推測。例：Silence sometimes implies consent.沉默有時(shí)暗指同意。His erect and careless attitude suggested assurance and power.他直截了當(dāng)和粗心的態(tài)度讓人想到確信和力量。

I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.我從你信中推想，你還沒有下決心。（77）initiate v./launch v./start v./set off initiate用在較正式的場合，表示“發(fā)起”、“提議”，口語可用begin替代；launch指公開地有一定聲勢地“發(fā)起”或“開始, ”某項(xiàng)事業(yè)或運(yùn)動(dòng)；start指事物從靜止?fàn)顩r開始運(yùn)動(dòng)，或開始某種實(shí)際活動(dòng)等；set off常指“動(dòng)身”、“出發(fā)”或“引起”某種突然的行動(dòng)。例：The two countries initiated their trade with each other until recently.直到最近兩國之間才開始貿(mào)易往來。

The organization launched a campaign to support environmental protection.該組織發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)來支持環(huán)境保護(hù)。

It is three years since he started his studies in the college.自從他開始在那所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)是三年了。

What else should we do before we set off ? 在我們動(dòng)身前還有其他什么要做的嗎？

（78）intend v./volunteer v./offer v./attempt v.intend指內(nèi)心中具有某種尚不明確的意向或決定，即“意欲”、“想要”干什么；volunteer強(qiáng)調(diào)出自個(gè)人內(nèi)心的自覺自愿的行動(dòng)；offer指主動(dòng)地向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh、給予奉獻(xiàn)或幫助等；attempt指嘗試采取某種行動(dòng)以觀察是否能夠成功，暗指對其行動(dòng)的結(jié)果缺乏成功的把握。例：I intend to go shopping this weekend.Many Chinese college students volunteer to be a teacher in remote and poor area.許多中國大學(xué)生志愿到邊遠(yuǎn)貧困地區(qū)支教。He offered us his help, which made us grateful.他主動(dòng)提出給我們幫助，讓我們很感動(dòng)。The criminal attempted to escape, but he failed.那名罪犯企圖逃跑，但是沒有得逞。

（79）merge v./combine v./join v./unite v.merge指數(shù)家公司或商行合并為一家；或使原來的事物在新事物中消失或被吞沒；combine指把原來的事物結(jié)合起來成為新的統(tǒng)一體；join指把一些東西結(jié)合在一起，或連接在一起；unite與combine相近，尤指把各種力量團(tuán)結(jié)成一個(gè)整體，側(cè)重于結(jié)合起來的人或物的協(xié)調(diào)性或一致性。

例：Lately two big software companies has merged, which has aroused wide media concern.最近兩家大的電腦公司合并，引起了媒體的廣泛關(guān)注。

The two principal political parties have combined to form a government.兩個(gè)主要政黨已經(jīng)聯(lián)合起來組成政府。

The children joined hands.孩子們拉起手來。

We must unite together in order to realize our common purposes.為了共同的目標(biāo)我們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來。

（80）memorize v./remember v./remind v./reflect v.memorize指有目的地記憶一些東西的內(nèi)容；remember指在頭腦中保存著某一事物或印象，加以思索，即可想出；remind指使人回想起某人某事，或提醒某人讓他記住某事；reflect指仔細(xì)思索記憶中的往事，意為“反省”、“細(xì)想”。

例：The computer can memorize and deal with millions of data.這臺計(jì)算機(jī)能夠存儲并處理數(shù)百萬個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。Do you remember to lock the door? 記著鎖門了嗎？

These photos remind me of my college life.這些照片使我回想起我的大學(xué)時(shí)光。

You should often reflect the mistakes you have made.你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常反省一下自己曾經(jīng)犯過的錯(cuò)誤。（81）migrant n./emigrant n./immigrant n.這三個(gè)詞都與移居者有關(guān)，由于前綴不同，含義不同：migrant移民，immigrant移入者，即入境移民。emigrant是ex的變體（=out）：移出者，即出境移民，指自本國移居他國者。（82）only a./sole a./ single a./ unique a.only常用詞，指“惟一的”，含“不會(huì)再多”之意；sole語氣比 only 強(qiáng)，也較莊嚴(yán)，指“單獨(dú)的”，即“一類中只有這一個(gè)”；single強(qiáng)調(diào)“單個(gè)的，單一的”；unique指“獨(dú)一無二的”、“無可匹敵的”。

例：This is the only solution to our current difficulty.這是解決我們目前的困難的惟一的辦法。The court has the sole right to decide.法庭擁有獨(dú)有的決定權(quán)。

a single room單人間；a single bed單人床 That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.那座建筑很獨(dú)特，因?yàn)樗邢袼菢拥钠渌ㄖ細(xì)牧?。?3）original a./creative a.除了其他意思之外，這兩個(gè)詞都有“創(chuàng)造”的含義。original強(qiáng)調(diào)“原創(chuàng)的”，比creative的含義窄一些，突出發(fā)源地的概念，原創(chuàng)的概念；creative強(qiáng)調(diào)“創(chuàng)造，有創(chuàng)造性”，突出從無到有的創(chuàng)造過程。

例：The masses have boundless creative power.人民大眾有著無窮的創(chuàng)造力。

James was one of the most creative writers.詹姆斯是最有創(chuàng)造性的作家之一。

He found it hard to form an original opinion.他覺得很難有新意。

She won an award for the most original design.她獲得了最佳創(chuàng)意設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)。（84）particular a./special a.particular意為“特殊的，特別的，某一特定的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)相對general而言的特定性，有時(shí)可與specific互換使用；special意為“專門的，特殊的，獨(dú)特的”，含有不尋常，不一般的意思。例：That particular house is very nice，although the rest of them are not.其他的房子都不怎么樣，就那所房子非常不錯(cuò)。I have something very particular to tell you.我有事要專門對你講。

Tonight is a special occasion and we have something very special for dinner.今晚是個(gè)不尋常的時(shí)刻，我們的晚餐也很特別。（85）possession n./procession n.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，易混淆。possession意為“占有，擁有，財(cái)物”；procession意為“行進(jìn)，行列”，常與in一起用。

例：Possession of wealth does not necessarily bring happiness.有錢不一定會(huì)給人帶來快樂。

The stupid old man soon lost all his possessions.那個(gè)笨老頭很快就把他的財(cái)產(chǎn)丟光了。

The workers marched in procession to the president’s office.工人們列隊(duì)向總裁的辦公室走去。

The wedding procession moved slowly down the aisle.婚禮的隊(duì)伍在過道間緩慢走過。（86）principal a.&n./principle n.這兩個(gè)詞發(fā)音與詞形相近，很容易搞混。principal作形容詞意為“主要的，首要的”，作名詞時(shí)意為“校長，本金”；principle為名詞，意為“原則，原理”。例：He has been the principal singer of our troop.他是我們團(tuán)的主唱。

Those are the principal points I want to explain to everybody.這些便是我要向大家解釋的要點(diǎn)。

She has been the principal of this school for ten years.她已經(jīng)在這所學(xué)校里當(dāng)了10年校長。What he said is against my principle.他的話與我的原則相悖。

（87）range n./scale n./scope n.range意為“距離，范圍”；scale意為“規(guī)模，等級”；scope的含義較窄，意思是“范圍，機(jī)會(huì)”。

例：The transmitter has a range of 10,000 miles.發(fā)射機(jī)的發(fā)射范圍是方圓1萬英里。We teach the full range of ball room dances.我們教授所有的交誼舞。

On a scale of 1 to 10 how do you rate his performance? 如果用1到10給他打分的話，你給他的表演打幾分？

The scale of the pollution problem was much worse than scientists had predicted.污染的規(guī)模大大超過了科學(xué)家先前的預(yù)測。

The politics of the country is really beyond the scope of a tourist book like this.國家的政策問題的確超出了象這樣一本旅游書的內(nèi)容范圍。（88）recent a./current a.recent意為“最近，新近的”；current意為“當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)時(shí)的”。例：The bicycle is a recent purchase.這輛自行車是最近才買的。

Of these recent magazines, only one is still current.這些近期雜志中只有一本是當(dāng)月的。

The current fashions are more casual than those in the 90s.現(xiàn)在的時(shí)尚比90年代的時(shí)尚更要隨意。

They talked about the current events when they met again that night.那晚他們見面時(shí)談了一些時(shí)事。

（89）remind sb.of/warn sb.of/remember sb.to sb.這三個(gè)詞組都有向某人提及某事的意思。warn sb.of sth.語氣最嚴(yán)肅。常指“警告某人有某種危險(xiǎn)，要某人不要做某事，等等。remind sb.of指要某人想起某事，重申其重要性或認(rèn)為值得記起。remember sb.to sb.指求某人代自己向某人問好。

例：Please keep in mind what the teacher warns you of.請記住老師警告你的話。This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.這家旅館使我想起我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那家。

Don’t forget to remember me to Lyle when you see her, please.見麗莉時(shí)別忘了替我向她問好。（90）resident n./inhabitant n.兩個(gè)詞都有居民的含義，resident多指“住在大樓、公寓等住所的住戶或城市居民”，inhabitant多指“居住在某一地區(qū)的居民”。

例：The inhabitants of this tropical island are very friendly.這個(gè)熱帶島國的居民對人很友好。

The residents of the town are proud of its new library.城里的居民都為他們的新圖書館感到驕傲。Only resident can drink in the hotel bar.旅店酒吧只對住店客人開放。（91）resist v./oppose v.resist意為“反抗，抵抗，頂住”；oppose意為“反對”，常出現(xiàn)在習(xí)語be opposed to中，表示“反對，違反，相反”。

例：The nation was unable to resist the invasion.這個(gè)國家無法抵御入侵。

No boy can resist the temptation of video games.男孩子很難抵御電子游戲的誘惑。He opposed the idea immediately.他馬上表示反對這個(gè)想法。

This sort of thing is utterly opposed to all my principles.這種事完全違反我的原則。（92）security n./safety n.security意為“安全，保衛(wèi)”，較safety正式，多指安全感，國家、社會(huì)的安全；safety指“處于安全狀態(tài)，沒有危險(xiǎn)”，具體指人身、貨物等的安全。例：For security reasons the passengers have to be searched.出于安全原因，對所有乘客都要進(jìn)行檢查。The captain is responsible for the safety of the ship.船長對船只的安全負(fù)責(zé)。

（93）see v./ catch sight of /spot v./recognize v.see指經(jīng)過有意識地使用視覺器官才能“看到”，另外多指明白，理解；catch sight of是指被看到的東西進(jìn)入了眼簾，而不是有意識地去使用視覺器官，可譯為“瞥見”；spot指從人群中或同類事物中認(rèn)出一個(gè)；recognize指認(rèn)出，認(rèn)識到是以前曾見過的事物。例：We must give the image of what we actually see.我們一定會(huì)對我們看到過的東西留下印象。

I caught sight of him when the thief ran into the shop.當(dāng)那個(gè)賊跑進(jìn)那家商店時(shí)我瞥見了他。She spotted his husband in the crowd.她從人群中認(rèn)出了她的丈夫。

I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.雖然我有10年沒看到彼得了，但我認(rèn)出了他。（94）show v./demonstrate v./express v./indicate v.show最常用詞，指被別人看見或把某物指給別人看，教別人如何做。demonstrate正式用詞，在展示、表明事情是如何做時(shí)可與show通用，但不作“被看見”講。express指通過語言或表情，表達(dá)出自己的想法和要求。indicate指通過信號或標(biāo)志，指示出方向、意圖或要求等。例：I will show you how to use this computer.我來給你演示如何使用這臺計(jì)算機(jī)。

The technician demonstrated the laws of physics with laboratory equipment.該技術(shù)員用實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置演示了物理定律。I can’t express my gratitude too much.無論怎樣都不足以表達(dá)我對你的謝意。

She indicated her approval with a nod.她點(diǎn)頭表明同意。（95）slow v./postpone v./delay v.slow含有速度有意減慢的意思；postpone指把應(yīng)做的某種事務(wù)擱在一邊，意即延擱，或是將原定的事推遲、延期；delay常指由于難以克服的障礙而將某事耽擱或延遲。例：The driver slowed the car before coming to a full stop.司機(jī)在車完全停下來之前先減慢車速。We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。The bus was delayed by a cloudburst.由于大暴雨，公共汽車來遲了。

（96）special a./particular a./peculiar a./specific a.special指與普通的、平常的、一般的東西在某些方面不相像；particular指一類人或事物中特定的、特殊的、獨(dú)一無二的一個(gè)，還可指挑剔的；peculiar指稀奇古怪，與正常的情況、表現(xiàn)相比而使人奇怪罕見；specific指針對某一用途、某種疾病等有特殊作用或特殊效果的。例：a special occasion特殊場合；a special treat 特別的款待 She has a particular preference for Chinese art.她對中國藝術(shù)有特別的愛好。

Our history teacher has always been a little peculiar.我們的歷史老師總是有點(diǎn)古怪。

a specific remedy for cancer 治療癌癥的特效藥； a specific answer 具體明確的答案

（97）spoil v./ruin v./damage v./break v.spoil指由于缺乏管教或長者的過分溺愛而“嬌慣壞”等；ruin指由于嬌慣或縱欲的結(jié)果把某人“毀掉”；damage指損害，造成損失或通過陷害之類手段有意“毀壞”某人的名聲或健康；break指身心受到摧殘而失去勇氣、信心等。

例：The child is spoiled by the excessive love from his grandparents.爺爺奶奶過分的愛把這孩子慣壞了。I was ruined by that law case.我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn)。

The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴風(fēng)雨使莊稼受到了很大損失。

The case damaged greatly the reputation of the official.這件案子使那名政府官員的名譽(yù)大大受損。

The sudden bankrupt of his company broke him heavily.公司的突然破產(chǎn)使他遭受了嚴(yán)重的打擊。（98）stable a./steady a.stable意為“穩(wěn)定，牢固的”；steady意為“穩(wěn)固的，平穩(wěn)的”。例：The chair isn’t very stable.這把椅子不太結(jié)實(shí)。

He finally built a stable business operation.他終于建立起穩(wěn)固的商業(yè)運(yùn)作體系。The table isn’t steady.這張桌子不太穩(wěn)。

He is making steady progress in his work.他的工作正蒸蒸日上。（99）stress n./emphasis n.stress作名詞的意思是“重點(diǎn)；緊張，壓力”；emphasis意為“強(qiáng)調(diào)，重點(diǎn)”。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)兩個(gè)詞在口語中?？苫Q使用。

例：He puts the emphasis on discipline in his teaching.他在教學(xué)中十分強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律。Quite clearly the emphasis was on reading skills in our English classes.很清楚，我們的英語課重點(diǎn)是閱讀技能。

Her parents always put a lot of stress on good table manner.她的父母總是強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)餐時(shí)的禮貌舉止。The stresses of work made her ill.工作的壓力使她病倒了。

（100）vacation n./vocation n.這兩個(gè)詞的詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易搞混。vacation的意思是“假期，假日”；vocation的意思是“職業(yè)”。

例：I think I’ll take a vacation this weekend.我想這個(gè)周末我將去度假。A doctor’s vocation is medicine.醫(yī)生是以行醫(yī)為職業(yè)的。

（101）verify v./witness v./prove v./confirm v.verify強(qiáng)調(diào)通過目擊者證言或查對數(shù)據(jù)“證實(shí)”、“證明”某事物的確切性；witness指目擊，見證，提供證據(jù)，作證；prove指通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)或?qū)嶒?yàn)證明事物的確切性或原理的可靠性；confirm指通過正式的手續(xù)“批準(zhǔn)”或“確認(rèn)”某種選擇或看法。

例：The police have collected large quantities of evidences to verify their suspicion.警方已經(jīng)收集了大量的證據(jù)來證明他們的懷疑。

The little girl witnessed that the criminal murdered the woman.那個(gè)小女孩目睹了該罪犯謀殺了那個(gè)婦女。

He has proved his courage in battle.他已在戰(zhàn)斗中證明了自己的勇氣。Please confirm your telephone message by writing to me.請給我來封信，好進(jìn)一步證實(shí)你在電話中傳達(dá)的消息。（102）victory n./prize n./reward n./triumph n.victory指戰(zhàn)爭或比賽中獲得的勝利，特別是指敵人或者對手的最終失敗；prize指對比賽獲勝者或因創(chuàng)立某種業(yè)績而頒發(fā)的獎(jiǎng)、獎(jiǎng)賞、獎(jiǎng)金等；reward指因某人做了好事而給予的報(bào)答、酬謝或賞金；triumph指在戰(zhàn)爭或競爭中取得的輝煌勝利或由之而產(chǎn)生的勝利感。例：They finally got the final victory in that battle after a 7-day struggle.經(jīng)過7天的奮戰(zhàn)，他們終于獲得了那場戰(zhàn)役的最終勝利。The boy got the first prize in the speech contest.這個(gè)男孩在演講比賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)。

The man obtained a reward of $900 from the police for catching the criminal.這名男子因抓獲罪犯而從警方那里得到了900美元的酬金。

If a man has a talent and learns how to make full use of it, he has gloriously succeeded, and won a triumph few men ever know.如果一個(gè)人具有才干并學(xué)會(huì)了如何充分利用它，他已經(jīng)大大的成功了，并獲得了只有極少數(shù)人才知道的成功。

（103）wander v./wonder v.這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易混淆。wander意為“游蕩，漫游”；wonder意為“想知道，感到奇怪”。

例：We wandered all over the countryside.我們在鄉(xiāng)下到處游蕩。

I wonder what they call these flowers.我不知道他們管這些花叫什么。

I wonder that he wasn’t injured in the accident.我真沒想到在事故中他居然毫發(fā)無損。

（104）warning n./remark v.&n./notice v.&n./advertisement n./announcement n.warning指為避免某種不良后果出現(xiàn)及時(shí)發(fā)出的的警告；remark指對人或事發(fā)出的有見解性的評論或觀后感；notice指較為正式的官方通告、通報(bào)或?qū)Σ皇煜で闆r者發(fā)出的警告；advertisement指發(fā)布廣告或大肆宣揚(yáng)；announcement指宣告，發(fā)表，公告，使公開知道的行為。

例：Because of her warning, I was careful.由于她的提醒，我很小心。

It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people.對別人的外表評頭論足是粗魯?shù)摹?/p>

The school put us on notice for chronic lateness.因經(jīng)常遲到學(xué)校將我們的名字公布在公告欄上。

The company made many advertisements on TV and radio to publicize their new products.這家公司在電視和廣播上做了很多廣告來宣傳他們的新產(chǎn)品。

He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.他屏息靜氣地等待宣布競賽結(jié)果。

（105）worth a./worthy a./worthwhile a./valuable a.worth多作表語用，指對某一用途有特殊價(jià)值的或相當(dāng)于多少價(jià)值，后接doing；worthy指有價(jià)值的、配得上的、與??相符相稱的，除在書面語體中用作定語外，一般作表語，后接of doing；worthwhile指值得花時(shí)間去研究或付諸實(shí)施的；valuable指某物具有實(shí)用性方面、交換方面或其他方面的價(jià)值、意即“有價(jià)值的”、“貴重的”。例：I don’t think this book is worth reading twice.我認(rèn)為這本書不值得看兩遍。

This novel is worthy of wide concern from the media/being widely noticed by the media.這部小說值得媒體給予廣泛的關(guān)注。

Do you think it is worthwhile to spend so much money carrying out this project? 你認(rèn)為花這么多錢來實(shí)施這個(gè)項(xiàng)目值得嗎？

valuable information重大的消息；valuable advice重要的建議（106）a few/a little 兩個(gè)詞組都表示“少許，一些”。a few與可數(shù)名詞一起用；a little多與不可數(shù)名詞一起用。例：A few people know it.有幾個(gè)人知道。

Don’t worry, you still have a little time.別擔(dān)心，你還有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。（107）a great deal/a great many 兩個(gè)詞組都表示“大量的，許多”。前者與不可數(shù)名詞一起用；后者與可數(shù)名詞一起用。例：A great deal of work awaits us.大量工作等著我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>

We have a great many things to do at present.我們目前有許多事要做。（108）（be/get/become）accustomed to/used to be accustomed to表示“習(xí)慣于某事”；used to意為“曾經(jīng)做”。例：Have you got accustomed to the weather here? 你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣這里的天氣了嗎？

He used to play guitar with my cousin.他過去和我的表哥一起彈吉他。（109）add to /add up to add to表示“加到??，增加，增強(qiáng)”；add up to表示“總計(jì)，總起來看，意味著??”。例：She added sugar to her tea.她往茶里加了點(diǎn)糖。

The music added to our enjoyment.音樂使我們更加愉快。

The money he spent add up to more than $2,000.他一共花了2,000多美元。

Your long answer just adds up to a refusal.你這么羅嗦的回答，意味著你將會(huì)被人拒絕。（110）as well/as well as as well的意思是“也，還”；as well as的意思是“不僅??，還”。例：It has been a great grief for him as well!這對他來說也是極大的悲慟。

She is a talented speaker as well as being a musician.她不但是音樂家還是一個(gè)天才的演講者。（111）at last/in the end at last的意思是“最終，最后”，常指經(jīng)過努力后的最終結(jié)果；in the end的意思是“末尾，結(jié)尾，事情的最后時(shí)刻”。

例：At last I found my lost bicycle in a deserted house.我終于在一所廢棄的房子里找到了我丟失的自行車。I hope everything will turn out all right in the end.我希望結(jié)束時(shí)一切順利。（112）after all/at all after all的意思是“畢竟”；at all的意思是“一點(diǎn)也（不）”。例：Don’t be fussy about what he did.After all he is only a child.別對他的所作所為太苛求，他畢竟還是個(gè)孩子。I’m not at all interested in what he said.我對他說的話根本不感興趣。

（113）break out /break through/break down break out意為“爆發(fā)，進(jìn)發(fā)”；break through意為“打破，沖破”；break down意為“拋錨，出故障，失敗”。

例：Riots and disorders have broken out.這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生了騷亂與混亂。He broke out laughing.他突然大笑了起來。

The Allies sought to break through the German lines.盟軍試圖突破德軍的防線。

Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against cancer.科學(xué)家們希望在與癌癥的較量中盡早有所突破。Our car broke down on our way to the village.在去鄉(xiāng)下的路上，我們的車拋錨了。

Their negotiation broke down because neither side would compromise.由于雙方都不讓步，他們的談判最終破裂了。（114）at all cost/by all means/by means of at all cost意為“不惜一切代價(jià)”；by all means意為“竭力，千方百計(jì)”；by means of意為“用??手段（方法、方式）”。

例：Mr.Jackson intended to save his son’s life at all cost.杰克遜先生打算不惜一切代價(jià)搶救他兒子的生命。

We must get there by all meanings before he has a chance to break the news to her.我們必須盡全力在他有機(jī)會(huì)把消息透露給她之前趕到那里。The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log.漁夫靠一塊漂浮的圓木幸免于難。（115）call for/call up call for意為“來找人，要求，需要（采取行動(dòng)）等”；call up意為“打電話，想起，征召入伍等”。

例：I’ll call for you at nine.我9點(diǎn)鐘來探望你。

Success school calls for much hard work.成功需要付出努力。

On reaching the city, she called up Lester.一到達(dá)這個(gè)城市她就給萊斯特打電話。He was called up for military duty.他應(yīng)征入伍。

The picture of the Capitol called up memories of our class trip.國會(huì)大廈的圖片使我想起我們班的旅行。（116）come about/work out/figure out come about意為“發(fā)生，造成”；work out意為“經(jīng)過努力做出，得出，算出”；figure out意為“想出，算出，弄明白”。

例：How did this dangerous state of affairs in Europe come about? 歐洲危險(xiǎn)的形勢是如何造成的？ I tried to figure out what he meant.我想弄明白他的意思。

We must work out a better method of saving paper.我們必須想出節(jié)約紙張的更好方法。

We must work out how we are going to do it.我們必須想出該如何做這件事。（117）come round/come to come round意為“復(fù)原，蘇醒，恢復(fù)健康等”，round是副詞；come to意為“涉及，來到，蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺”，to是介詞，后面跟的consciousness等詞常省略。例：The man was stunned, but he came round after a time.那個(gè)人先是一愣，但很快便恢復(fù)了常態(tài)。When it comes to mathematics, I’m all thumbs.一提起數(shù)學(xué)，我是一竅不通。She is unconscious now, but may come to at intervals.她現(xiàn)在失去了知覺，但會(huì)時(shí)而蘇醒一陣兒。（118）cut back/cut down 兩個(gè)詞組都有“削減，減少”的意思，可以互換使用。但有時(shí)cut back著重表達(dá)不再增加、部分收回或回到原水準(zhǔn)而造成的減少；而cut down則多指實(shí)際量上的減少。例：The government has decided to cut back this year’s military expense.政府決定削減今年的國防開支。

I have decided to cut down my smoking.我已決定減少吸煙次數(shù)。（119）due to/owe?to?

due to意為“應(yīng)屬于??，由于??，因?yàn)??”；owe to意為“歸功于??”。例：A great deal of money is due to you.一大筆錢應(yīng)屬于你。

His absence was due to the bad weather.由于惡劣的天氣，他未能出席。We owe everything to you, Doctor.大夫，一切都應(yīng)歸功于你。

We owe this success to luck more than to capacity.我們的成功主要是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣，而不單單是能力。（120）face to/face up to face to意為“面對，面臨，朝著”；face up to意為“大膽面對，勇于面對”。例：The house faces to the east.這所房子面朝東。

He faced up to his troubles manfully.他勇敢地面對自己的麻煩。（121）give up/give in give up多指“放棄”；give in多指“認(rèn)輸，投降”。例：She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother.她放棄了自己的工作，回來照看自己有病的母親。As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.由于我們都不讓步，買賣終未成功。（122）go over/go through go over意為“檢查，審閱，復(fù)習(xí)”；go through除了與go over一樣可以表示“審閱，檢查”的意思外，還可以表示“做完，做一遍，翻找，搜尋”的意思。例：Let’s go over every detail again.We’ll start work tomorrow.咱們再把所有的細(xì)節(jié)過一遍，然后明天就開始工作。He went over his notes before the exam.考試前，他將課堂筆記溫習(xí)了一遍。

Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.母親把抽屜整個(gè)翻了一遍，尋找那件毛衣。I’d like to have you go through the book.我希望你能把這本書瀏覽一下。Let’s go through the exercises.咱們來做這些練習(xí)。（123）hang on to/hold on to hang on to意為“不肯放棄，專心在??上面，緊緊抓住不放”；hold on to意為“抓住不松手”，強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅(jiān)持。

例：There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired.有些人早到了退休年齡卻還一直在工作崗位上。Hold on to my hand tightly while we cross this street.過街時(shí)，抓緊我的胳膊。

Don’t panic, just hold on to that rock and I’ll come and save you.別慌，抓住那塊石頭別松手，我這就來救你。（124）in addition/in addition to in addition意為“此外”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)前邊提到的事；in addition to也表示“另外，此外”，但常指在前面提及事情的基礎(chǔ)上的附加。前者相當(dāng)于副詞，后者相當(dāng)于介詞。例：In addition to this subject, they also taught history and geography.除了這門課,他們還教歷史和地理。

In addition, he was taught how to repair cars.此外，人們還教他如何修小汽車。（125）look into/see through look into意為“調(diào)查，深入了解”；see through意為“看穿，識破”。例：I’ve been looking into that case this week.這周我一直在調(diào)查這個(gè)案子。He could see through her lies.他能識破她的那些謊話。（126）so that/so?that so that用于表示目的或結(jié)果的狀語從句；so?that則用于表示程度的狀語。例：Let’s try and arrange so that we can get there at one o’clock.咱們來安排一下，這樣我們可以在一點(diǎn)鐘趕到那里。One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.她的一側(cè)肺部受到一點(diǎn)感染，所以她需要休息。He was so young that you must excuse him.他太年輕，你必須原諒他。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.月亮真亮，照得這些花象白天一樣明亮。（127）turn to/turn into turn to多用來表示“轉(zhuǎn)向??，求助于”；turn into意為“轉(zhuǎn)變成??，變成”。例：They always turn to me when they are in trouble.一有麻煩，他們就來向我求助。

The first book to turn to on that subject is the Encyclopaedia.關(guān)于這個(gè)題目，首先應(yīng)去查百科全書。The sofa turns into a bed.