第一篇：美國(guó)文學(xué)-期末復(fù)習(xí)-完整版

09英升8班期末考試復(fù)習(xí)資料 知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Features of American Literature美國(guó)文學(xué)的3大特征

1.Freedom

2.Individuality

3.American dream(Equal opportunity)= to be self-made & to be strive to success

Characters of Puritans 清教徒的4種品質(zhì)

Hard work刻苦Thrift儉樸Piety虔誠(chéng)Sobriety節(jié)制

Belief of Protestant 新教信仰

Original sin原罪

Total depravity徹底墮落

Predestination天意

Limited Atonement from God’s grace少數(shù)人得救贖

Transcendentalism 超驗(yàn)主義

The recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively

The Lost Generation 迷惘的一代

What the Lost Generation had lost was its sense of being a part of American society.The Roaring Twenties 喧囂的二十年代

It is also called “The Jazz age”.It was widespread affluence and conspicuous consumption.So, more emphasis on fun and less on duty become a part of the daily scene.作家作品、思想主旨、語(yǔ)句出處、評(píng)論

Book I

Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富蘭克林(1706-1790)

Poor Richard’s Almanac窮理查歷書

The Autobiography自傳

The Way to Wealth致富之道

Washington Irving華盛頓?歐文(1783-1859)

The Sketch Book見聞札記

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說

Rip Van Winkle瑞普?凡?溫克爾

James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯?費(fèi)尼莫爾?庫(kù)珀(1789-1851)Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集

The Pioneer拓荒者

The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人

The Deer slayer殺鹿者

英美文學(xué)V1.31盧詩(shī)聰

The Prairie大草原

Philip Freneau菲利普?弗倫諾(1752-1832)

The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲

The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金銀花

評(píng)論：If nothing once, you nothing lose

For when you die you are the same

The space between, is but an hour

The frail duration of a flower

The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殯葬地

出處：And Reason’s chief shall bow the knee to shadows and delusions here.William Cullen Bryant威廉?柯倫?布萊恩特(1794-1878)Thanatopsis死亡隨想

出處：Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim thy growth, to be resolved to earth again.評(píng)論：The gay will laugh

When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care

Plod on, and each one as before will chase

His favorite phantom;yet all these shall leave

To a Waterfowl致水鳥

出處：Lone wandering, but not lost.Edgar Allan Poe埃德加?愛倫?坡(1809-1849)主旨思想：Nothingness

The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌

The Cask of Amontillado一桶白葡萄酒

Israfel伊斯拉菲爾

Annabel Lee安娜貝爾?李

To Hellen致海倫

The Raven烏鴉

Nathaniel Hawthorne納撒尼爾?霍桑(1804-1864)

主旨思想：He was an anatomist of “the interior of the heart”.Hawthorne seems to question

whether people do learn form experience.He believed human are evil.Dr.Heidegger’s Experiment海德格爾醫(yī)生的實(shí)驗(yàn)

Twice-told Tales盡人皆知的故事

Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔

The Scarlet Letter紅字

The House of the Seven Gables有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子

Book II

Ralph Waldo Emerson拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生(1803-1882)

主旨思想：He believed in Transcendentalism(超驗(yàn)主義).1.Nature was ennobling, commerce was degrading.2.The individual soul could reach God.He thought people should live a life like.1.be self-reliant and at the same time unselfish.2.There was greatness in us all.Nature論自然

The American Scholar論美國(guó)學(xué)者

Self-reliance論自立

評(píng)論：There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is

ignorance;that imitation is suicide;that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion;that thought the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till.出處：1.Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.2.Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind.3.To be great is to be misunderstood.Henry David Thoreau亨利?大衛(wèi)?梭羅(1817-1862)主旨思想：1.People should live instead of working for a living.2.If people thought a law was unjust they could resist it by civil disobedience.Walden瓦爾登湖

Civil Disobedience非暴力抵抗

A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers康科德和梅里馬克河上的一周 Life without Principle無(wú)原則的生活

出處：1.You must get your living by loving.2.Did God direct us so to get our living, digging where we never planted?

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利?沃茲沃思?朗費(fèi)羅(1807-1882)主旨思想：HomeFamilyNatureReligion

A Psalm of Life人生禮贊

The Hymn of the Night夜的頌歌

The Secret of the Sea海之秘密

出處：Only those who brave its dangers comprehend its mystery.Walt Whitman沃爾特?惠特曼(1819-1892)主旨思想： FreedomIndividualityDemocracy(about man and nature)

Leaves of Grass草葉集

Song of Myself自我之歌

There Was a Child Went Forth從前有個(gè)出門的孩子

I hear America Singing我聽見美利堅(jiān)在歌唱

出處：Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else.Emily Dickinson埃米莉?迪金森(1830-1886)

The Poems of Emily Dickinson埃米莉?迪金森詩(shī)集

Success成功

評(píng)論：Success is counted sweetest

By those who never succeed

To comprehend a nectar

Requires sorest need

Not one of all the purple host

who took the flag today

can tell the definition

so clear of victory

As he defeated dying

on whose forbidden ear

the distant strains of triumph

Break agonized and clear

Much Madness Is the Divinest Sense理性與瘋狂

I’m Nobody, Who Are You?我是無(wú)名小卒，你是誰(shuí)？

Mark Twain馬克?吐溫（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）主旨思想：He made a combination of American folk humor and serious literature.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer湯姆·索耶歷險(xiǎn)記

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記

The Gilded Age鍍金時(shí)代

Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上的生活

評(píng)論：”A man loses as well as gains by learning a trade”

I had made a valuable acquisition.But I had lost something, too.I had lost something which could never be restored to me while I lived.Book III

Theodore Dreiser西奧多?德萊塞(1871-1945)

主旨思想：Dreiser was more concerned with society’s effect on a person.Man is the product of

social processes, only the fittest can survive.Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹

An American Tragedy美國(guó)的悲劇

Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer, The Titan, The Stoic)

Edward Arlington Robinson愛德華?阿靈頓?羅賓森(1869 – 1935)

主旨思想：Robinson is best known statement on the hollowness of conventional success.Illustrate

men’s individualized response to a life.Success is measured by the intensity and integrity of one’s struggle;failure consists only in a lack of effort.Richard Cory理查德?考瑞

評(píng)論：What other people think and feel is not as important as what a person himself believes.Miniver Cheevy米尼弗?奇維

評(píng)論：The survival value for the unsuccessful people is delusion plus drink.Mr.Flood’s Party弗勒德先生的晚會(huì)

Carl Sandburg卡爾?桑德堡(1878-1967)

主旨思想：He saw greatness in ordinary man He was called the echoes of 19th century idealism.The Harbor港口

I Am the People, the Mob我是人民，是民眾

F.Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯?菲茨杰拉德(1896-1940)

主旨思想：He epitomizes the Roaring Twenties, or called the spokesman of the Jazz Age.He

knew that between the peaks of joy were periods of sorrow.Wanting to be happy does not insure one’s being so that pursuit of entertainment may only cover a lot of pain.The Side of Paradise人間天堂

The Great Gatsby了不起的蓋茨比

Tender in the Night夜色溫柔

The Last Tycoon最后的巨頭

John Steinbeck約翰?斯坦貝克(1902-1966)

主旨思想：He epitomizes the Great Depression.Tortilla Flat煎餅房

In Dubious Battle勝負(fù)未定

Of Mice and Men鼠和人

The Grapes of Wrath憤怒的葡萄

Book IV

Ernest Hemingway歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威(1899-1961)

主旨思想：He mainly expresses courage and endurance of man.Also his subjects were often war

and its effects on people like the Suffering that war can bring.The Sun Also Rises太陽(yáng)照樣升起

Farewell to Arms永別了，武器

For Whom the Bell Tolls喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴

The Old Man and the Sea老人與海

In Another Country在異鄉(xiāng)

評(píng)論：The tragedies of life can not really be remedied.The wounded soldiers in this story are separated from:

1.Their homeland

2.The war

3.Other groups of people

Robert Frost羅伯特?弗羅斯特(1874-1963)After Apple-picking摘蘋果之后

Mending Wall修墻

主旨思想：The Wall in the poem means all the things that separated one human being from

another, all the things in life that keep us from loving our fellow man.出處：Good fences make good neighbors.The Road Not taken沒有選擇的道路

主旨思想：We must make a decision.We must decide which way to go.This is a universal

dilemma.出處：I took the one less travel by,And that has made all the differences.Fire and Ice火與冰

主旨思想：Life, as poet saw it, is full of apparent paradoxes: tragic & hilariously comic, beautiful

& ugly, chaotic & unified.And world will be destroyed by human’s hate and desire.練習(xí)卷答案

S2-C B D C B A

S3-A D B A C D

S4-C B A D A

S5-B D C A C

S6-D C A B B

S7-A C D A B

S8-A D B B C

S9-C A B C D

考試樣題：

Final Exam

I.Identify the following works by giving the FULL names of the writers.(30%)

（判斷所給出文章的作者，全名，不能有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。）

Poor Richard’s Almanac_________________________

The Cask of Amontillado_________________________

II.Choose the answer that fits best for each statement.(50%)

（單選，有作家、作品、出處、主旨思想等內(nèi)容。）

“Fire And Ice” is the work of ______.A.FrostB.DickinsonC.SandburgD.Emerson

III.IDENTIFY the following extractions first and give YOUR OWN COMMENTS of no less than 100 words.(20%)

（文學(xué)評(píng)論。）

Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string….Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind.

第二篇：2018春唐宋文學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)參考

2018春唐宋文學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)參考

一、填空（每空0.5分，共10分）

二、名詞解釋（每題4分，共16分）

三、默寫題（每題3分，共42分）

四、簡(jiǎn)答題（六選三，不能全選唐代或全選宋代。每題7分，共21分）

五、作品評(píng)論（六選一，300字以上，共11分）背誦

薛道衡《人日思?xì)w》；王勃《送杜少府之任蜀川》；駱賓王《在獄詠蟬》；楊炯《從軍行》；張若虛《春江花月夜》；王維《山居秋暝》、《終南山》（太乙）、《使至塞上》（單車）；孟浩然《臨洞庭湖贈(zèng)張丞相》、《晚泊潯陽(yáng)望香爐峰》、《過故人莊》；王昌齡《出塞》（秦時(shí)明月）、《閨怨》（閨中少婦）；高適《別董大》；岑參《白雪歌送武判官歸京》、《逢入京使》；李白《烏棲曲》（姑蘇臺(tái)上）、《將進(jìn)酒》、《行路難》、《峨眉山月歌》、《聞王昌齡左遷龍標(biāo)遙有此寄》、《宣州謝眺樓餞別校書叔云》、《遠(yuǎn)別離》（遠(yuǎn)別離，古有皇英）；杜甫《望岳》、《月夜》、《春望》、《春夜喜雨》、《聞官軍收河南河北》、《秋興八首》（前四首）、《登高》、《哀江頭》；韋應(yīng)物《滁州西澗》、李益《春夜聞笛》；孟郊《游子吟》、《游終南山》；韓愈《左遷至藍(lán)關(guān)示侄孫湘》、《聽穎師彈琴》；柳宗元《登柳州城樓》、《漁翁》；劉禹錫《酬樂天揚(yáng)州初逢席上見贈(zèng)》、《西塞山懷古》；張籍《節(jié)婦吟》；白居易《賦得古原草送別》、《賣炭翁》、《琵琶行》、《錢塘湖春行》；李賀《李憑箜篌引》、《金銅仙人辭漢歌》、《雁門太守行》；杜牧《過華清宮》、《赤壁》、《泊秦淮》、《山行》、《早雁》（金河秋半）；李商隱《安定城樓》、《無(wú)題》（相見）、《錦瑟》、《夜雨寄北》、《隋宮》（紫泉宮殿）；溫庭筠《菩薩蠻》（小山重疊）；韋莊《菩薩蠻》（人人盡說）；馮延巳《鵲踏枝》（誰(shuí)道閑情）；李煜《虞美人》（春花秋月）、《浪淘沙令》（簾外）

范仲淹《漁家傲》；晏殊《浣溪沙》（一曲）、《蝶戀花》（檻菊愁煙）；張先《天仙子》（水調(diào)）；歐陽(yáng)修《踏莎行》（候館）、《蝶戀花》（庭院）；晏幾道《臨江仙》（夢(mèng)后）；柳永《雨霖鈴》、《八聲甘州》、《望海潮》（東南形勝）；蘇軾《江城子》（十年生死）、《江城子·密州出獵》、《水調(diào)歌頭》（明月）、《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》、《定**》（莫聽穿林）；秦觀《鵲橋仙》（纖云）；賀鑄《青玉案》（凌波）；周邦彥《六丑》（正單衣）、《蘇幕遮》（燎沉香）、《蝶戀花·早行》；李清照《醉花陰》、《聲聲慢》、《永遇樂》（落日熔金）；陳與義《臨江仙》（憶昔午橋）；張孝祥《念奴嬌》（洞庭青草）；陸游《釵頭鳳》、《訴衷情》；辛棄疾《水龍吟》（楚天千里）、《摸魚兒》（更能消）、《青玉案》（東風(fēng)）、《破陣子》（醉里）、《西江月》（明月別枝）、《永遇樂》（千古江山）；姜夔《揚(yáng)州慢》、《點(diǎn)絳唇》（燕雁無(wú)心）、《暗香》（舊時(shí)月色）；吳文英《八聲甘州》（渺空煙）

王禹偁《村行》；林逋《山園小梅》；梅堯臣《魯山山行》；蘇舜欽《淮中晚泊犢頭》；歐陽(yáng)修《戲答元珍》（春風(fēng)疑不）；王安石《明妃曲》（明妃初出）；蘇軾《飲湖上初晴后雨》、《新城道中》；黃庭堅(jiān)《登快閣》、《寄黃幾復(fù)》（我居北海）、《雨中登岳陽(yáng)樓望君山二首》；范成大《四時(shí)田園雜興》（晝出）；楊萬(wàn)里《初入淮河》其一；陸游《游山西村》 《關(guān)山月》、《書憤》、《臨安春雨初霽》

名詞解釋

1、“初唐四杰”：唐初高宗、武后時(shí)期，王勃、楊炯、盧照鄰、駱賓王四人的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作反映出了社會(huì)中下層一般士人的精神風(fēng)貌和創(chuàng)作追求。他們不滿當(dāng)時(shí)盛行的宮廷詩(shī)風(fēng)，懷有變革文風(fēng)的自覺意識(shí)，反對(duì)纖巧綺靡，提倡剛健骨氣。他們的詩(shī)重視抒發(fā)一己情懷，突破了宮廷詩(shī)歌狹窄的內(nèi)容題材范圍，顯示著開闊的視野和宏闊的氣象，而且為五言律詩(shī)和七言歌行體的發(fā)展做出了有益的探索和貢獻(xiàn)。

2、盛唐山水田園詩(shī)派：盛唐時(shí)期社會(huì)安定，國(guó)力強(qiáng)大，佛、道流行，漫游山水之風(fēng)盛行，形成了創(chuàng)作山水田園詩(shī)的風(fēng)氣，以孟浩然、王維為代表，還有儲(chǔ)光羲、常建、祖詠、裴迪、綦毋潛等人，他們繼承晉、宋以來陶淵明、謝靈運(yùn)等人的創(chuàng)作傳統(tǒng)，在詩(shī)中較多地寫山水田園的閑適生活，尋求人與自然融為一體的境界。詩(shī)風(fēng)格清新自然，意境淡遠(yuǎn)閑適，寫景狀物工致傳神，提高了詩(shī)歌表現(xiàn)自然景物的藝術(shù)技巧。

3、盛唐邊塞詩(shī)派：唐代疆域廣闊，邊事頻繁。盛唐文人多熱衷于功名，從軍邊塞成為一種新的出路，加之對(duì)邊塞風(fēng)光的向往，由此促進(jìn)了邊塞詩(shī)創(chuàng)作的繁榮。代表作家是高適、岑參，還有王昌齡、李頎、王之渙、崔顥、王翰等。邊塞詩(shī)的內(nèi)容主要是反映戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)生活的艱苦和軍旅生活的體驗(yàn)；抒發(fā)為國(guó)立功的豪情壯志和不滿現(xiàn)實(shí)的情緒；描寫邊塞風(fēng)光、異域風(fēng)情。格調(diào)雄渾豪放、慷慨悲涼，境界闊大，以樂府歌行和五、七言絕句居多，在題材的開拓和意境的創(chuàng)造上都取得了很大的成就。

4、大歷詩(shī)風(fēng)：唐代安史之亂后的大歷年間，詩(shī)壇上活躍著劉長(zhǎng)卿、顧況、韋應(yīng)物及被稱為“大歷十才子”的一批詩(shī)人。時(shí)代的盛衰變化給他們帶來了一種強(qiáng)烈的失落感，他們的大量詩(shī)歌表現(xiàn)出一種孤獨(dú)寂寞的冷落心境和寧?kù)o澹泊的生活情趣，追求清逸閑淡的情調(diào)，這就是所謂的“大歷詩(shī)風(fēng)”。

5、韓孟詩(shī)派

6、元白詩(shī)派：與韓孟詩(shī)派同時(shí)而稍后，中唐詩(shī)壇又崛起了以白居易、元稹為代表，包括張籍、王建、李紳等人的元白詩(shī)派。這派詩(shī)人重寫實(shí)、尚通俗、強(qiáng)調(diào)諷喻，大量創(chuàng)作反映社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)和百姓疾苦的新題樂府詩(shī)，大多直敘其事，詩(shī)風(fēng)通俗曉暢、平易自然，表現(xiàn)了中唐文化轉(zhuǎn)型期文學(xué)世俗化的新思潮。

7、中唐古文運(yùn)動(dòng)：所謂“古文”，是針對(duì)魏晉以來流行的駢體文——“時(shí)文”而言，指秦漢時(shí)單行散句、沒有規(guī)定形式的文體。唐代貞元、元和時(shí)期，韓愈、柳宗元等發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)有目的、有理論主張、有廣泛參與者并且有深遠(yuǎn)影響的散文的文體文風(fēng)改革。他們倡言文以明道載道，賦予文以強(qiáng)烈的政治色彩和鮮明的現(xiàn)實(shí)品格。在形式上，由駢體而散體，去其浮靡空洞而返歸質(zhì)實(shí)真切。二三十年間，古文逐漸壓倒了駢文，成為文壇的主要風(fēng)尚，這就是文學(xué)史上所謂“古文運(yùn)動(dòng)”。

8、唐傳奇：指唐代流行的文言短篇小說，又叫“唐人小說”，代表了古代文言小說的成熟。它遠(yuǎn)繼神話傳說和史傳文學(xué)，近承魏晉南北朝筆記小說，發(fā)展成為一種以史傳筆法寫奇聞異事的小說體式。其文體特征為：采用散體文言，不時(shí)插入詩(shī)賦。藝術(shù)上敘述宛轉(zhuǎn)，文辭華艷，筆法成熟，曲折動(dòng)人，是“史才”“詩(shī)筆”“議論”的結(jié)合。

9、花間詞派：花間詞派是中國(guó)古代詩(shī)詞學(xué)流派之一。出現(xiàn)于晚唐五代時(shí)期，產(chǎn)生于西蜀，得名于趙崇祚編輯的《花間集》。奉溫庭筠為鼻祖而進(jìn)行詞的創(chuàng)作的一個(gè)文人詞派。主要的詞人還有孫光憲、李珣、牛希濟(jì)。這一詞派題材狹窄、情致單調(diào)。大都以婉約的表達(dá)手法，寫女性的美貌和服飾以及她們的離愁別恨。在這些詞中描繪景物富麗、意象繁多、構(gòu)圖華美、刻畫工細(xì)，能喚起讀者視覺、聽覺、嗅覺的美感。由于注重錘煉文字、音韻，形成了隱約迷離幽深的意境。對(duì)后世的文人詞產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展有一定的影響。

10、江西詩(shī)派：江西詩(shī)派是我國(guó)文學(xué)史上第一個(gè)有正式名稱的詩(shī)文派別。詩(shī)派成員多數(shù)學(xué)杜甫，宋末方回又把杜甫和黃庭堅(jiān)、陳師道、陳與義稱為江西詩(shī)派的一祖三宗。江西詩(shī)派的詩(shī)歌理論強(qiáng)調(diào)“奪胎換骨”、“點(diǎn)鐵成金”，即或師承前人之辭，或師承前人之意；崇尚瘦硬奇拗的詩(shī)風(fēng)；追求字字有出處。在創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐中，詩(shī)派“以故為新”，重要作家的詩(shī)作風(fēng)格迥異，自成一體，成為宋代最有影響的詩(shī)歌流派。它的影響遍及整個(gè)南宋詩(shī)壇，余波一直延及近代的同光體詩(shī)人。

11、永嘉四靈：永嘉四靈，是指中國(guó)南宋中葉的詩(shī)歌流派，代表南宋后期詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作上的一種傾向。永嘉四靈是當(dāng)時(shí)生長(zhǎng)于浙江永嘉（今浙江溫州）的四位詩(shī)人：徐照、徐璣、翁卷、趙師秀，形成中國(guó)南宋中葉的詩(shī)歌流派，代表南宋后期詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作上的一種傾向。因彼此旨趣相投，詩(shī)格相類，工為唐律，專以晚唐賈島、姚合為法，謂之唐體，字號(hào)中都帶有“靈”字，而溫州古為永嘉郡，遂稱之為“永嘉四靈”。

12、江湖詩(shī)派：“江湖詩(shī)派”是南宋后期繼永嘉四靈后而興起的一個(gè)詩(shī)派，因陳起刊刻的《江湖集》而得名。當(dāng)時(shí)書商陳起與江湖詩(shī)人相友善，于是刊售《江湖集》、《續(xù)集》、《后集》等書，后人以《江湖集》內(nèi)詩(shī)氣味皆相似，故稱之為江湖詩(shī)派?！督分兴浽?shī)人大部分或?yàn)椴家?，或?yàn)橄聦庸倮簦矸直拔?，以江湖?xí)氣標(biāo)榜。江湖詩(shī)人時(shí)時(shí)抒發(fā)欣羨隱逸、鄙棄仕途的情緒，也經(jīng)常指斥時(shí)弊，譏諷朝政，表達(dá)不與當(dāng)朝者為伍的意愿。

簡(jiǎn)答題

李白詩(shī)歌、杜甫詩(shī)歌、辛棄疾詞的思想內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)成就。

韓愈詩(shī)歌、韓愈散文、柳宗元山水游記、周邦彥詞、蘇軾詩(shī)歌、蘇軾詞、歐陽(yáng)修散文、黃庭堅(jiān)詩(shī)歌、陸游詩(shī)歌、姜夔詞的藝術(shù)成就。

作品評(píng)論

背誦范圍內(nèi)

第三篇：現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)2

2、談?wù)劙徒鹎昂笃谧髌凤L(fēng)格的異同。

巴金小說創(chuàng)作前后期的時(shí)間是在上世紀(jì)40年代末，標(biāo)志是《憩園》、《寒夜》等小說的問世。

巴金前期的創(chuàng)作如《家》、《春》、《秋》、《滅亡》、《新生》等小說可以用“青春的贊歌”來概括,其作品多以青年的愛情、苦悶、理想與反抗為題材,與青年進(jìn)行溝通,坦率而熱情,特別能喚起青年一代的共鳴，總體來說激情有余而理性審視的力度稍嫌不足。

40年代巴金迎來了他的又一個(gè)創(chuàng)作高峰期,寫下了《憩園》、《寒夜》等作品，藝術(shù)風(fēng)格發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。巴金后期小說代表作《寒夜》取材于平凡人的生活,巴金開始寫社會(huì)重壓之下人們生命的萎縮。由熱情的抒寫到冷靜的寫實(shí)；作品的主題和題材發(fā)生變化；刻畫的重點(diǎn)由外部事件轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)心世界，在心理刻畫上，后期改變了《家》中直抒胸臆的寫法，而是以揭示人物內(nèi)心活動(dòng)、展示其內(nèi)心矛盾為主。后期巴金的創(chuàng)作更加深沉、圓熟，在藝術(shù)技巧上要高于前期。

第四篇：期末專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)—文學(xué)常識(shí)篇

文學(xué)常識(shí)篇A．楊絳，江蘇無(wú)錫人，作家、文學(xué)翻譯家。著有散文《干校六記》。

(1)《蘆花蕩》是著名作家的“白洋淀紀(jì)事之二”，“白洋淀紀(jì)事之一”是 B．楊絳女士翻譯的《堂·吉訶德》是西班牙作家塞萬(wàn)提斯的作品，小說的主人《》公是個(gè)騎士。(2)第一單元我們學(xué)過(國(guó)藉)西蒙諾夫的一篇戰(zhàn)地通訊，標(biāo)題是 C．錢鐘書，江蘇無(wú)錫人，學(xué)者、作家。著有長(zhǎng)篇小說《圍城》?！丁稤．《談藝錄》《管錐編》代表了錢鐘書先生學(xué)術(shù)上的最高成就，它們都是新中國(guó)(3)《親愛的爸爸媽媽》作者是美籍華裔女作家，文章呼喚世界需要成立版發(fā)行的。(4)雨果是(國(guó)籍)作家，他的代表作有小說《》《悲慘世界》《九三年》等。(5)你看過哪些有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的名著?請(qǐng)寫出一部。著作：《》；作者：；主人公：；描寫了 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。(6)《背影》選自 的《》，作者字，人，家、、。(7)《大道之行也》選自《》，這部書是家經(jīng)典之一，(朝代)(姓名)對(duì)秦漢以前各種 論著加以輯錄、編纂而成，共49篇。(8)一篇新聞可分為、、、、五個(gè)部分，其中是新聞的主干，它用充足的事實(shí)表現(xiàn)主題。(9)《阿長(zhǎng)與<山海經(jīng)》》選白魯迅的《》。請(qǐng)?jiān)倭信e出這部散文集的其他兩部作品：《》《》。2．下列對(duì)新聞(消息)體裁的解說，不正確的一項(xiàng)是()A．真實(shí)性、及時(shí)性、簡(jiǎn)明性是新聞(消息)的特性。B．就結(jié)構(gòu)而言，新聞(消息)一般由五個(gè)部分組成，即標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)、主體、背景和結(jié)語(yǔ)。C．新聞(消息)的六要素是人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件發(fā)生的原因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果，它與記敘：記敘要素完全相同，因此，我們可以說新聞(消息)是記敘文的一種。D．對(duì)于新聞(消息)要素，西方有五w之說，即WHAT(何事)、WHO(何人)、WHEN(何時(shí))、WHERE(何地)、WHY(何因)。3．下列說法有錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)是()A．《桃花源記》作者是東晉著名詩(shī)人陶淵明。B．《陋室銘》作者是唐代著名詩(shī)人劉禹錫。C．《愛蓮說》作者是唐代著名詩(shī)人、哲學(xué)家周敦頤。D．《石壕吏》作者是唐代偉大現(xiàn)實(shí)主義詩(shī)人杜甫。4．下列有關(guān)文學(xué)常識(shí)的表述，不正確的一項(xiàng)是()

5．下列文學(xué)常識(shí)搭配正確的一項(xiàng)是()A．《望岳》.杜甫.唐代.《杜少陵集》B．《大道之行也》.《禮記》.春秋.孔子C．《核舟記》.張潮.明代.《虞初新志》 D．《愛蓮說》.周敦頤.北宋.《周元公集》6 ．關(guān)于“銘”的解釋正確的一項(xiàng)是()A．用來警戒自己的文字叫“銘”。B．“銘”原來是一種文體，這種文體比較自由，一般不用韻。C．古代刻在器皿上用來稱述功德的文字叫做“銘”，后來成為一種文體，這種文體一般都是用韻的。D．古代刻在器物上用來警戒自己或稱述功德的文字叫做“銘”，后來就成為一種文體，這種文體一般都是用韻的。7．下列作家按國(guó)別歸類不正確的一項(xiàng)是()A．狄更斯 莎士比亞 安徒生B．契訶夫 列夫·托爾斯泰 普希金C．高爾基 西蒙諾夫 奧斯特洛夫斯基D．雨果 巴爾扎克 莫泊桑8．下列關(guān)于文學(xué)常識(shí)說法有誤的一項(xiàng)是()A．《愛蓮說》是北宋哲學(xué)家周敦頤寫的一篇短文?！罢f”是古代一種文體，可以敘事，可以描寫，可以議論，其目的都是為了說明一個(gè)道理。B．“記”是古代一種敘事的文體。如東晉詩(shī)人陶淵明的《桃花源記》和清朝人魏學(xué)伊的《核舟記》。前者記敘了漁人游桃花源，后者記敘了王叔遠(yuǎn)送給作者的一只核舟。C．杜甫是唐代的大詩(shī)人，他的詩(shī)作在總體上反映了唐王朝由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰的變化過程，號(hào)稱 “詩(shī)史”。他和李白并稱為“李杜”。D．《禮記》，是儒家經(jīng)典之一，由西漢戴圣輯錄、編纂而成，共49篇。9．名勝古跡對(duì)聯(lián)往往蘊(yùn)涵著中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的精髓。根據(jù)下列對(duì)聯(lián)內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系所學(xué)的古詩(shī)文，在橫線上寫出相應(yīng)的名勝古跡。(1)黃鶴偶乘滄海月 白云常帶楚江秋(2)我其仙乎吞云夢(mèng)者八九 登斯樓也覽氣象兮萬(wàn)千(3)四顧八荒茫天何其高也 一覽眾山小人奚足算哉參考答案1．略2．C 3．C 4.D 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．(1)黃鶴樓(2)岳陽(yáng)樓(3)泰山

第五篇：美國(guó)文學(xué)名詞解釋

1.AmericanTranscendentalism:①transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “ the recognition in man of the capability of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.②transcendentalists stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature.Other concepts that accompanied transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.New England transcendentalism is the product of a combination of Native American Puritanism and European romanticism.③some prominent representatives include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.2.Free verse

free verse means the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conversational rules of meter.Free verse was originated by a group of French poets of the late 19th century.Their purpose was to free themselves from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate instead the free rhymes of nature period.Walt Whitman?s leaves of grass is perhaps the most notable example.3.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature.Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature.It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century.Original sin, predestination（預(yù)言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.And, hard-working, piousness（虔誠(chéng),盡職），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.4.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough.It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.It usually framed in terms of American capitalism（資本主義）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知識(shí)界精華）and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S.Bill of Rights.5.Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry.Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and

the use of colloquial language.Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry..The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism.Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.6.American romanticism

①it is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war.It started with the publication of Washington Irving?s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman?s Leaves of Grass.②being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance ”.③American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of nature literature.The strong tendency to eulogize the individual and common man was typical of this period.Most importantly, the writings of American Romanticism are typically American.Works concentrate on unique

characteristics of the American land.④New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.⑤Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others.