第一篇：·單句

·單句

１、單句的種類：

單句是由短語或單個的詞構(gòu)成的句子。

可分為主謂句非主謂句兩類。

(1)主謂句：由主謂短語帶上一定的語氣語調(diào)構(gòu)成的句子。例如：

茶桌擦得滑溜溜的發(fā)光。

他非常健康。

(2)非主謂句：由主謂短語以外的其他短語或單個的構(gòu)成。例如：

飛機(jī)！

站?。∮腥饲瞄T。

２、幾種特殊單句：

主謂句中，動詞謂語復(fù)雜多樣，有些句式在結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)上有些特殊句式有：把字句、被字句、連動句、兼語句、是字句、存現(xiàn)句。

(1)把字句

把字句是主謂句的一種。句中謂語一般都是及物動詞、而且不能是單個兒的動詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)是單個短語和動詞的連用形式。例如：

我們把豹子打死了。

郭全海把玉石眼追了回來。

(2)被子句

被子句是被動句，是主語接受動作的句子。被動句中的主語是受事者，由介詞“被”引了主動者與“被”字構(gòu)成的介賓短語在句中作狀語。例如：

豹子[被我們]打死了。

有時句中只有介詞“被”沒有主動者（被的賓語）如：

在羅馬百花廣場，布魯諾[被]活活燒死了。

把字句和被字順的典型結(jié)構(gòu)都是：“主語＋狀語＋動詞＋補(bǔ)語”，口語中常用“叫”“讓”“給”來代替“被”。

(3)連動句

連動句是用連動短評充當(dāng)謂語的句子。連動句的謂語就是兩個動詞短語（很少用單個動詞）連用。兩個動詞短語，互不作成分，而是共同作謂語，但在語義上有目的和方式、原因和結(jié)果、先和后的關(guān)系。因此短語的位置順序不能相互顛倒，中間也沒有語音停頓。如：

他搜集著一片片的干苔蘚燒水喝。（目的）

憑著他的求生的意志，他還是掙扎著蠕動爬行。（方式）

由于長期的勞累過度，李老師終于生病住院了。（因果）

綜上所述，判斷一個句子是不是連動句主要三點(diǎn)：

一是必須有兩個動詞連用陳述一個主語。

二是兩個動詞短語互不作成分，而在意義上有目的，方式，原因，結(jié)果，后先的關(guān)系，位置不能互換。

三是兩個動詞短語中間不能有語音停頓。

(4)兼語句

兼語句是用兼語短語充當(dāng)謂語的句子。它有下列特點(diǎn)：

第一，兼語句的謂語是由動賓的賓語，兼做主謂短語的主語。例如：

母親 叫 閏土 坐

“閏土”既作“叫”的賓語，又作“坐”的主語，“閏土”因一身兼二任，所以叫做兼語。

第二，兼語句多有命令的意思，所以句中前一個謂語

多由使令動詞充當(dāng)。常見的使令動詞有：使、讓、叫、派、命令、吩咐、禁止、請求、選舉、教、勸、號召等。此外

前一個謂語也可以是“有”字。如：

大家一致選小萍做代表。

我有個弟弟今年考大學(xué)。

第三，兼語句中兼語的謂語（第二個動詞）是前邊動作所要表達(dá)的目的或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。即兼語前后兩個動詞的語義上有一定聯(lián)系。如：

護(hù)士叫他快去請大夫。（“去請大夫”是“叫他”的目的。）

這不由得使我們想起松樹的風(fēng)格。

句中的兼語的謂語“想起”是前一個動詞“使”的結(jié)果。

連動句，可以連續(xù)敘述一個人的幾個動作；兼語句，則可以連續(xù)敘述幾個人的幾個動作。連動句可以擴(kuò)展，連動套接兼語；兼語句也可以擴(kuò)展，兼語套接連動。如：

叔叔｜打電話叫我去。

媽媽｜叫禁止小妹騎車亂闖。

(5)是字句

是字句專指由動詞“是”構(gòu)成的判句。在是字句中，“是”的作用是判斷主語和賓語的關(guān)系。主語和賓語有兩種關(guān)系，一是同一關(guān)系，二是從屬關(guān)系。同一關(guān)系就是對等關(guān)系，一般的“定義”就是這種關(guān)系，即甲＝乙。如：

正方形是四條邊等長、四個角相等的四邊形。

從屬是主語屬于賓語，即賓語是一個大類，主語是其中之一。如：

《讀者文摘》是雜志。

(6)存現(xiàn)句

表示人、事物存在或出現(xiàn)、消失的句子是存現(xiàn)句。存現(xiàn)句的特點(diǎn)有三：

第一，主語常是處所詞或時間詞。如：

門口｜站著兩個兵。

臺上｜坐著主席團(tuán)。

第二，存現(xiàn)句的謂語多是表示存在、產(chǎn)生、消失的動詞，即不表示動作，只表示動作產(chǎn)生狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。如：

海上｜升起了一輪明月。（表示出現(xiàn)）

到處｜是歡樂的從群。（表示存在）

第三，存現(xiàn)句的賓語往往是動作的發(fā)出者。因此有的存現(xiàn)句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一般主謂句。如：

門呂站著兩個兵－－兩個兵在門口站著。

臺上坐著主席團(tuán)－－主席團(tuán)在臺上坐著。

３、單句的復(fù)雜化和單句的分析

一個單句的各個成分都由詞來充當(dāng)，這個單句就簡單，如果由復(fù)雜短語充當(dāng)句子的某一個某幾個成分，單句就復(fù)雜了。這各復(fù)雜短語的道理是一樣的。

復(fù)雜單句概括起來說有兩大類：

(1)單句的主語由短語或復(fù)雜短語來充當(dāng)。如：

（白求恩同志毫不利已專門利人）的精神｜鼓舞著我們。（主語由偏正短語充當(dāng)）

他們是世界上一切偉大人民的優(yōu)秀之花。（賓語由偏正短語充當(dāng)）

(2)單句的附加成分復(fù)雜化。如：

這是（我的老朋友）的作品。（定語由編正短語充當(dāng)）

1949年10月1日，毛主席在天安門城樓上向全世界人民莊嚴(yán)宣告：“中華人民共和國成立了！”（狀語由多個短語充當(dāng)）

我們的同學(xué)來（自全國各地）。（補(bǔ)語由介賓短語充當(dāng)）

還有的句子由復(fù)句結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)了句子成分。如：

我相信，雷鋒的樣樣不僅給我們指出了正確的生活道路，而且加強(qiáng)了我們同一切舊思想、舊習(xí)慣堅決斗爭的勇氣。

復(fù)雜單句要進(jìn)行分析時，需先找出主干。單句的主干是指把句中所有的定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語都壓縮掉以后剩下的部分，也就是主語（或主語的的中心語）＋動詞（或動詞的中心語）＋賓語（或賓語的中心語）。找出句子主干常常是檢查病句的好方法。

分析句子的具體步驟如下：

第一步，用“｜”表示主謂句，界分主語和謂語?！埃敝笆侵髡Z，“｜”之后是謂語。如上面例名句(1)和(2)

第二步，再分別分析“｜”前的主語和“｜”后的謂語。例如：

（魯迅先生的第一個）特點(diǎn)｜是（他的政治）遠(yuǎn)見。

（嚴(yán)肅的對待文章內(nèi)容）的人｜ {一定也在文章形式方面}提出（嚴(yán)格）要求。

一般情況下，句子分析到此就可以了。如果某一成分是個復(fù)雜短語（如例句(2)的主語）還可以用框式圖解法進(jìn)行再分析。如：

嚴(yán)肅 的 對待 文章 內(nèi)容 的 人

│ 偏 正 │ │偏正│ │

└─┬──┘ └─┬┘ │

│ 動 賓 │ │

└───────┘ 偏 正 │

└────────┘

分析句子，明確句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不但可以更好地理解句意，同時能夠檢查出成分之間搭配是否合適，句子是否完整等。

第二篇：·單句分類

·單句分類

*單句分類:

A.主謂句：

1.名詞謂語句：后天||中秋節(jié)。

2.動詞謂語句：

a.一般句式:荷花||開了。

b.特殊句式：

<1>把字句:他們(把)對方打敗了。

<2>被字句:對方(被)他們打敗了。

<3>連動句:我(去)書店(買)書。

<4>兼語句:校長叫(主任)主持會議。

<5>是字句:我們(是)龍的傳人。

<6>存現(xiàn)句:(講臺上)放著黑板擦。

3.形容詞謂語句：建筑||雄偉。

4.主謂謂語句：這部電影||我看過。

B.非主謂句：

1.名詞非主謂句:漂亮的玫瑰花！

2.動詞非主謂句:立正！

3.形容詞非主謂句:多好??！

4.嘆詞、擬聲詞非主謂句:嗨！叮鐺！

*句子基本成份和主干

(定語)+主中||[狀語]+謂中+<補(bǔ)語>+(定語)+賓中

(他)的 媽媽|| [只] 牽 <回>(一頭)+小牛

主中＝主語中心語 謂中＝謂語中心語 賓中＝賓語中心語

口訣：

主謂賓、定狀補(bǔ)，主干枝葉分清楚。

定語必居主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補(bǔ)。

狀語有時位主前，逗號分開心有數(shù)。

*句子常見毛病：

1.成份殘缺：聽了老山英雄的話，使我受到很大的教育。

（缺主語。要么“講話”作主語,去掉“聽了”;要么“我”作主語,去掉“使”。)

2.搭配不當(dāng)：路旁種植著果樹。

（動賓搭配不當(dāng)）

3.語序不當(dāng)：這是有效的管理學(xué)校的方法。

（修飾語序不當(dāng)，“有效的”應(yīng)挪到“方法”前）

4.句式雜糅；我前天觀賞了這個根雕是很有特色的。

（“我前天觀賞了這個根雕”和“這個根雕是很有特色的”。）

5.不合事理:今天,班主任把許多同學(xué)的父母和家長請來了。

（“父母”包括在家長中，與“家長”不能并列，應(yīng)去其一。）

第三篇：單句改錯

Part1.高考短文改錯試題設(shè)置形式

短文改錯（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（/）。并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（/）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不記分。PartII 常見錯誤：

1、行文邏輯

2、上下文一致

3、詞的搭配和詞本身的用法

一、行文邏輯錯誤

語意矛盾：and-but

come –go

luckily-unluckily

here-there 語意重復(fù)：because-so;

though-but;

repeat-again;

improve-better;enter into;

marry with;

in last week;

all what;

the place where he lives in;the girl whom he works with her;主系表+to do it.練習(xí)：

1.I like singing, my brother likes playing football.2.Do you like sports? If not, join our football team.3.Unless you lose heart ,you’ll fail.4.He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there.5.Though it was cold, but he went out.二、上下文一致 1.時態(tài)一致 2.主謂一致 3.指代一致

4.平行結(jié)構(gòu)前后要一致

5.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾語和上下文要一致 1.時態(tài)一致

1)I would like very much to come but I had an examination tomorrow.2)He offered me coffee and other drinks.We have a good time together.3)I’m sorry, I forget to post your letter.2.主謂一致

1)The students watches the teacher doing the experiment.2)Helping him are worthwhile.3)He as well as his friends know nothing about it.4).Not only he but also I keeps it a secret.3.指代一致

1)Pass Rose and I two pieces of bread, please.2)The football team has done well this year.All of their members have tried hard.3)He drove too fast and the police stopped her.4)This is true that he died in an accident yesterday.5)This is the best film which I have ever seen.6）The weather in Beijing is warmer than it in Jilin.4.平行結(jié)構(gòu)前后要一致

1)He came in, opening his book and began to speak.2)She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table.3)He wanted his children to come out and played.4)The more he has, and the more he wants.5)Sitting down, and he began to work.6)I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.總結(jié)：平行結(jié)構(gòu)連接詞：and;but;or;both...and;not...but, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but(also), rather than，instead of

5.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾語和上下文要一致 1)只修飾可數(shù)名詞：a large/ great/ good number of, a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 2)只修飾不可數(shù)名詞：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a little 3)抽象名詞具體化：a success;a failure;a surprise, 4)物質(zhì)名詞表一場、一杯、一份 a heavy rain;a coffee 5)常見的不可數(shù)名詞：fun;advice;information;furniture;progress;luggage/baggage 6)零冠詞：

1.三餐、季節(jié)和學(xué)科

2.表職務(wù)、頭銜的表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語

3.球類運(yùn)動和棋類游戲

4.by+交通工具 練習(xí)：

1)We study quite a few subject, such as maths , Chinese and physics.2)He gave me some valuable advices on how to learn English.3)It is pleasure to help others when they are in trouble.4)Large quantities of water is needed for cooling purpose.5)A overpass should be bulit over the road to avoid accidents.三、詞的搭配及詞本身的用法 1.動詞

1)We should stop the children from play fire.2)He sat under the tree ate an apple.3)He wanted try it again.4)Do you know where he is lives ?

5)What your favorite sports? 6)The song has taught many times.7)What had been happened? 8)Play basketball is his favourite sport.9)He reading English in the morning every day.10.The news was really excited.11.He across the street quickly.12.The water is felt cold.13.He made me to post a letter for him.14.Working hard and you’ll succeed.總結(jié)：非謂語用法：主動關(guān)系用doing,被動用done ①實(shí)意動詞一般時前不用be;

②vt被動不可缺be； ③vi不能被動故無be;

④系表結(jié)構(gòu)中不可少be.2.形容詞和副詞

①系動詞+形容詞 ② 主 謂 賓+補(bǔ)語（形容詞）

③形容詞 +名詞 ④句子+形容詞（伴隨狀語）

① V +副詞 ② 副詞 +形容詞③副詞 + 副詞④副詞 +過去分詞⑤副詞 + 句子 1)The fish has gone bad.It tastes terribly.2)He walked very slow.3)The bad news made us sadly.4)People have been great helped by the computer.5)They think high of their new teacher.6)This dancer is much more younger than that one.注意：副詞與形容詞含義不同

l)close接近地

closely仔細(xì)地，密切地 2)free免費(fèi)地

freely自由地，無拘束地 3)hard努力地

hardly幾乎不 4)late晚，遲

lately近來 5)most極，非常

mostly主要地 6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地

7)high高

highly高度地，非常地 8)deep深，遲

deeply抽象意義的“深”

9)loud大聲地

loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)10)near鄰近

nearly幾乎 做題步驟：

1.瀏覽全文，掌握大意

2分句閱讀，逐行找錯

3.檢查核對，攻克難點(diǎn) 總結(jié)：

1.瀏覽全文看語意

2.句為單位查一致

3.逐個詞匯找搭配

4.句子結(jié)構(gòu)成分對

改錯專題

一．“ 九見九查”法

（一）見平行結(jié)構(gòu)（and連接）。查是否有用詞不一致的錯誤 1.The doctor suggested plenty of food ,rest and exercising

2.She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived.3.She screamed , pushed him away and run to her room for the rest of the day.（二）見比較結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否有形容詞等級，程度副詞，比較連詞，比較對象的使用錯誤 1.Tom is clever than John.2.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.3.Tom is as clever than John

4.There are more trees in villages than cities

(三)見有轉(zhuǎn)折，因果，對比等句子結(jié)構(gòu)，查是否有行文邏輯錯誤 1.I like singing , my brother likes dancing

2.A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy , and he ran away.3.Though I worked hard , but I failed to pass the exam.(四)見有多重句，查是否有時態(tài)語態(tài)混亂，引導(dǎo)詞不當(dāng)，成分缺失錯誤 1.He said that he is writing a new novel 2.Our task has finished so far.3.Whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.4.Tom asks Mark if he knows the man is speaking to him

（五）見有名詞，代詞，查是否有數(shù)、格、指代錯誤 1.Different people speak different language.2.Tom book is on the desk.3.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.（六）見有并列主語，從句做主語，動名詞，不定式做主語，時間，距離，金錢等做主語，together with 等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語時，查是否有主謂不一致錯誤 1.Tom and John is good students.2.That the earth is round are known to us.3.What he needs are money.4.What he wants is three books.5.The family are a rich one and the family is very friendly.6 Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit

7.Thirty dollars are enough.8.She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English.（七）見有短語，詞組，查是否有固定結(jié)構(gòu)中副詞，介詞或冠詞使用不當(dāng)錯誤 1.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.2.When he came back , he found someone had broken in his house 3.In a fact he has three sons.4.Tom is seriously ill and he is in the hospital now.(八)見非謂語動詞，查是否有非謂語動詞使用錯誤 1.I enjoy watch TV.2.If heating , water can be changed into steam.3.She stood there , waited for his boy friend.(九)見有特殊動詞或句型，查是否有句子語氣錯誤 1.He ordered that the work must be started at once.2.It is high time that you go to school.講后練：

（一）.Twenty minutes aren’t enough time to finish this test.2.Tom has sent to the nearest hospital.3.Whenever we couldn’t understand him, he will explain for us.4.They were made do the job from morning till night.5.Every means have been tried , but he won’t lose heart forever.6.How beautiful picture he has drawn!7.He was a medical student before he turned a writer.8.I was very angry ,but they were very angrier.9.She not only teaches our English , but also takes us out and shows us around.10.I will never forget the days when we spent together.11.He came to tell us that he had seen there.12.If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.13.We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.14.Nobody likes to be laughed as a fool.15.I want to find a hotel to live.16.We have to stay at home because the heavy rain.17.The reason why I didn’t go to France was I got a new job.18.If you will study hard , you will succeed.19.He was ill and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.20.Today we invited Mr Bill , he is from England , to give us a lecture on how to improve our reading ability.講后練

（二）：

Dear Peter

I’m sorry to hear that any of your classmates make a fun of you and you feel upset.Now I’d like to give you my suggestions.First of all ,you should take a right attitude to your disability , that is important.Secondly ,you’d better to ignore others’ remarks.Only in this way can you feel happy.Thirdly , it also help to believe in yourself and you will make a lot true friends.I’m sure what those who laugh at you will change his views on you sooner or later.I hope my advices will work and you can live happy.二 語法錯誤

（一）動詞錯誤

1.Whenever we couldn’t understand him , he will explain for us.2.He was ill and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.3.Nobody except my parents know anything about it.4.Tom is one of the students who is from Beijing.5.Tom is the only one of the students who are from Beijing 6.Twenty –five dollars are too much to pay for that shirt.7.Fifty minutes aren’t enough time to finish this test.8.Ten miles seem like a long walk to me.9.Tom has sent to the nearest hospital.10.The bike outside is belonged to him

11.You can’t borrow it so long.12.I have bought the book for three days.13.They had got in touch with each other for ages.14.He wanted to see the report about an important football match the night before.15.All the visitors will be separated into four groups.16.He felt someone shouting at him.17.They were made do the job from morning till night.18.The boy went over at once , opened his umbrella for the grandpa.19.Today , too many trees are still been cut through the world.20.The boy stood over there is my little brother.21.For the most part , students working to earn money for their own use 22.When everything ready , the party began.(二)名詞錯誤

1.It is a great fun to go skating on cold winter days.2.Every means have been tried , but he won’t lose heart forever.3.He suddenly appeared on a rainy night ,which was great surprise to us.4.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.5, Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.（三）冠詞錯誤 1.Go and close window.2.I bought a book yesterday and book is ten yuan.3.Do you know older of the two boys ? 4.Whenever he eats out , he always eats a lot of food and spends too long a time at restaurant.5.I only want small supper.6.How beautiful picture he has drawn!7.Holding the Olympic Games is great success to a country.8.He died of the cancer.9.Mr.Li was elected the chairman of the meeting.10.He was a medical student before he turned a writer.11.On the way to the village , they met a 11-year –old boy

12.It is pleasure to help others when they are in trouble.13.The Turners are musical family.14.I have been living in the city for five years , five years makes a deep impression on me.15.His daughter plays piano very well.16.Finally we had good idea.（四）形容詞與副詞錯誤

1.He was lying in the hospital half deadly , with his ribs broken 2.What he said sounded quite perfectly , 3.It was raining heavily , Little Mary felt cold , so she stood closely to her mother.4.Teachers should receive farther education to catch up with the later development.5.Greenland , the large island in the world , covers two million square kilometers..6.It is generally true that the lower the stock markets fall , the high the price of gold rises 7.I was very angry , but they were very angrier.8.He is more cleverer than Tom.9.I feel fairly better today..The quicker a car is travelling , the longer it takes to stop.11.The book is very difficult for me.12.The members of the group are most young people 13.He mostly fell down.14.Tell the children to keep still , it’s not necessary to be anxious.15.I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.16.…… but he has to work if he wants to live comfortable.(五)代詞錯誤 The twins begin to hate this kind of work with a force that destroy his happiness.2.She not only teaches our English , but also takes us out and shows us around.3.I teach me English.4.I think we will enjoy ourself.5.Oh ,dear.There are always not any taxis when you want it.6.He never helps other.7.He and his children felt tired but neither of them would stop for a rest.8.Today we invited Mr Bill , he is from England , to give us a lecture on how to improve our reading ability.9.He came to tell us that he had seen there.10.I will never forget the days when we spent together.11.Would you like any tea ?.There were 20 people around but no one helped the old man.13.---What is in the box ?----None 14.We need more three chairs.15.A bridge made of stone is stronger than that made of wood.16.The weather in Hangzhou is hotter than it in Beijing in summer.17.My pen is lost , and I’ll buy it.18.If you keep still , you can sit at both end of boat.19.Surely I’m expecting lots of sightseeing tours ,parties and another exciting things.（六）介詞錯誤

1.In that particular evening ,there was a strange excitement in the air.2.The sunlight came in across the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.3.All of us had a good time on that day.4.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.5.Last Sunday we took a bus to visit to a farm.6.Unfortunately he found no room to live.7.Then they talked about what they had done since they graduated a university.8.Nobody likes to be laughed as a fool.9.He lives on 25, Nanjing Road , Shanghai.10.He helped the old man over the street.11.Your composition is good except a few spelling mistakes.12.On the font door stood a five-year –old boy from across the street.13.After autumn arrives , the city looks as an old man with falling from the tree.(七)情態(tài)動詞錯誤

1.You can have a passport if you want to go abroad.2.Jeff mustn’t have been working hard for hours.He is not feeling tied.3.Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.4.He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.5.Drivers can’t drive after drinking.6.You need be careful with your homework.7.Why can you do it that way.（八）連詞錯誤

1.Which you can see , he is always ready to help others.2.Do like I told you.3.He was reading then he was walking.4.The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.5.I am happy as you passed the exam.6.Go to find your watch.It’s there where you left it.7.How an interesting story he told us!8.I can’t remember the thing what he told me.9.If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.10.We were having classes while someone knocked at the door.11.Because we’ve finished most of the work , let’s have a rest.12.As hard he works , he can’t catch up with his classmates.13.I became very active but made new friends.14.While they find fish come to the surface , they fly down immediately and catch them without delay.三 句法和行文邏輯錯誤

（一）固定句型錯誤

1.When the child was a little boy , his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family.2.It took him several hours persuade her to give up the idea, 3.I spent three hours do my homework.4.It was in 1986 when I went to college.5.He was just about to get on the bus then he heard someone calling him.6.How do you think of the film?

7.How is the weather like today ?(二)簡單句錯誤

1.There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday afternoon.2.There are three students study in the room.3.Which do you prefer , horse riding and shooting? 4.His parents didn’t allow him to do that , did he? 5.You have never been to Beijing , haven’t you ? 6.Holding yourself steady and you will not lose the balance.7.Tom , you water the flowers , don’t you ? 8.How beautiful flowers he gave me!9.How difficult problem it is!(三)復(fù)合句錯誤

1.The clever boy made a hole in the wall , through it he would see what was happening inside the house.2.I’ll never forget the days when we spent in Qingdao

（四）行文邏輯錯誤

1.This was a lie ,and his teacher did not know.2.Clever as she is , but she works hard.3.Hi , everyone.First , let me tell you something more about myself.4.John and Jack went to the same school and then to the same university.So they hadn’t met each other since then.5.I’ll never forget the first day at the factory , we arrived here early in the morning.6.There were many great people in history.But many of them are poor in childhood.Schools were few and not good.They couldn’t depend on it for a good education.四

直擊高考

（一）多一詞的情況（介詞，副詞，連詞，代詞，助動詞，冠詞，小品詞 to）1.The secretary told me that the manager was busy and I should come at some other tome.2.I met my uncle in last Sunday.3.At the last time I saw her , she was playing with her friends near the river 4.When we got to his house , we found him in home.5.The crowd waited for to greet them in England.6.Her strength made me stronger and gave to me courage to try things..7.It is about 200 miles far away from London , and it has a very big schoolyard.8.Although he is very young , but he can retell the story very fluently.9.My parents sent me an e-mail to ask whether how I was getting along with my studies.10.In some parts of the forest where you can find large groups of monkeys which are jumping up and down.11.Since you have visited Greece several times , so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings there.12.He writes about books about his travels and about the wild and wonderful animals that he collects them.13.The movement of the parts is beautiful to watch it if they are clear.14.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.15.My first one job was to clean the tables in a small restaurant

16.If you will study hard , you will succeed.17.She had taught us English when I attended training courses two years ago.18.This experience has been shown that travelling by air actually is the safest way of making journeys.19.I’m glad to learn that you’ve been settled down in Boston ….20.We hung a sign on the front door that was read : “We’re having dinner.Come back later”

21.Wang Ping was badly ill last night.He was sent to the hospital.22.I told the boy not to write silly things in the public places.23.Music can bring people a pleasure.24.I’m glad you have made such a great progress.25.I will let someone to repair the TV set.26.On cold winter days , many cold-blooded animals have nothing to do but to go to their cave and sleep.27…..he can have the great happiness of seeing himself to make steady progress in his job.28.…..you always gave me special attention and inspired to me to join in activities.(二)缺一詞的情況（介詞，連詞，冠詞，小品詞，代詞，助動詞）

1.I want to find a hotel to live 2.The ice is too thin for us to skate

3.We must pay attention to the use our body makes the food.4.We have to stay at home because the heavy rain.5.He was looking for a glass the cupboard.6.Because the help you gave that summer , my life changed.7.If the book you want is out , you may ask it to kept for you.8.The ground is wet , it rained last night.9.The reason I didn’t go to France was I got a new job.10.We had hardly finished our housework WangPing came to our house for a visit.11…..it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them.12.Birds , for example , have wings enable them to fly into the air at the sight of enemy.13.I put my bike outside a shop and went into the shop , forgetting to lock.14.And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.15.First , the population is increasing , and more gas and other fuels are used.16.…..and I wonder if you’ll free then so we could chat about the good old days.17.I’m very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our English.18.Browns are all living in China.19.We have a music class once week.20.Man traveled to moon scores of years ago.21.Tomorrow is Sunday , we don’t need get up early.22.We were made work day and night in the factory.23.I will attend her birthday party if she invites me.24.I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport when you arrive.25.I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit.

第四篇：單句和復(fù)句如何區(qū)別

單句和復(fù)句如何區(qū)別？一般常從以下三個方面區(qū)別：

一、定義法。

單句是由短語或單個的詞構(gòu)成的句子，獨(dú)立的表達(dá)一個相對完整的意思并且有一定的語氣語調(diào)?？?/p>

分為主謂句非主謂句兩類。

1、主謂句：由主謂短語帶上一定的語氣語調(diào)構(gòu)成的句子。

例如： 同學(xué)們已經(jīng)回到學(xué)校了。

他非常健康。

2、非主謂句：由主謂短語以外的其他短語或單個詞的構(gòu)成。

例如： 飛機(jī)！

站住！

有人敲門。

好極了！

復(fù)句由兩個或兩個以上意義緊密聯(lián)系，結(jié)構(gòu)相互獨(dú)立的單句即分句組成的句子。組成復(fù)句的分句可

以是主謂句，也可以是非主謂句。

如：白云朵朵，陽光燦爛。藍(lán)天，遠(yuǎn)樹，金黃色的麥浪。

社會不同，階級不同，骨氣的具體含義也不同。

辨別單復(fù)句，不能片面看字?jǐn)?shù)多少，句子中間有無停頓，關(guān)鍵要看句子包含了幾套句子結(jié)構(gòu)：只有一套的是單句；有兩套或者兩套以上的是復(fù)句。如：

A、我相信，你卻不一定相信。（前后互不作句子成分，兩套句子結(jié)構(gòu)）

B、我相信，你一定會學(xué)好的。（后邊作前邊的賓語，一套句子結(jié)構(gòu)）

二、抓主干法：

再長再復(fù)雜的單句都可用此法簡縮成非常簡潔明了的句子。且句子主干中只有一套主謂語部分。

例1：我們學(xué)校的兩位有三十年教齡的優(yōu)秀語文教師也當(dāng)上了代表。主干：教師當(dāng)代表。

例2：“這‖[對于一班見異思遷的人]，[對于一班鄙薄技術(shù)工作以為不足道、以為無出路的人]，[也]

是一個極好的教訓(xùn)。” 主干：這是教訓(xùn)。

三、外部標(biāo)志法：

復(fù)句構(gòu)成主要有兩種形式，一是由兩個或兩個以上的分句按照一定的次序直接結(jié)合起來，這個復(fù)句沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞語。如：一輪紅日在東方升起，燦爛的光輝照亮了大地。

另一種復(fù)句是借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞語組合起來的，對這種復(fù)句，只要劃出表示各種意義的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，就可知它是一個復(fù)句，這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞語就成了復(fù)句的外部語言標(biāo)志。

如：這種橋不但形式優(yōu)美，而且結(jié)構(gòu)堅固。

關(guān)聯(lián)詞：不但……而且……（遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）

不過使用此方法有時還需要結(jié)合使用前兩種方法，才能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)別單復(fù)句，因為有些單句的某些成分有的也是由復(fù)句充當(dāng)?shù)?。例：我們只是認(rèn)為：無節(jié)制地信手亂花，即使是自己的勞動所得，也是有背于

節(jié)約精神的。

這個句子，“認(rèn)為”的賓語是由一個二重復(fù)句充當(dāng)?shù)?。如果看到有關(guān)聯(lián)詞就判定它是復(fù)句，那就錯了。但只要結(jié)合前兩種方法去判斷，問題就可迎刃而解。

練習(xí)（單復(fù)句變換）

1、人民英雄紀(jì)念碑是一座巍峨的紀(jì)念碑，是一座雄偉的紀(jì)念碑，是一座莊嚴(yán)的紀(jì)念碑。

人民英雄紀(jì)念碑是一座巍峨的雄偉的莊嚴(yán)的紀(jì)念碑。

2、仙人掌有這樣的功能，白天緊閉氣孔，以防體內(nèi)水分大量蒸發(fā)，夜間則把氣孔打開，吸收二氧化碳，放出氧氣，使室內(nèi)空氣更加新鮮，并且增加室內(nèi)負(fù)離子濃度。

仙人掌有白天緊閉氣孔，以防止體內(nèi)水分大量蒸發(fā)，夜間則打氣孔打開，吸收二氧化碳，放出氧氣，使室內(nèi)空氣更加新鮮，并且增加室內(nèi)負(fù)離子濃度的功能。

單句和復(fù)句是現(xiàn)代漢語中的兩種句子，二者既密切相關(guān)，又有明顯的區(qū)別。單句就是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的句子，分為主謂句和非主謂句兩種。而復(fù)句則是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，是由兩個或兩個以上的單句構(gòu)成的。單句和復(fù)句是兩種重要句子，使用頻率極高。在區(qū)分單句和復(fù)句方面，存在著許多誤區(qū)，總結(jié)歸納起來，大致

有以下幾種：

誤區(qū)一：認(rèn)為長句就是復(fù)句，短句就是單句

句子的長短并不是辨別單復(fù)句的方法，區(qū)別單復(fù)句的有效方法在于句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

如：1.這對于一班見異思遷的人，對于一班鄙薄技術(shù)工作以為不足道，以為無出路的人，也是一

個極好的教訓(xùn)。

2.藍(lán)天，白云，黑土地。

例1句子比較長，很多人都認(rèn)為它是復(fù)句，其實(shí)是個單句。因為這個句子是介賓短語充當(dāng)狀語，主語、謂語、賓語分別是“這”、“是”、“教訓(xùn)”。全句只有一套結(jié)構(gòu)，所以是單句。例2雖短，但不是單句，而是復(fù)句。因為這個句子是由3個非主謂句構(gòu)成的，不是一套結(jié)構(gòu)。

誤區(qū)二：認(rèn)為有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的句子是復(fù)句，沒有的是單句

關(guān)聯(lián)詞是復(fù)句的一個標(biāo)志，因此很多人就把它作為辨別單復(fù)句的惟一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我們知道，復(fù)句的組成有兩種形式，一是靠語序，二是靠關(guān)聯(lián)詞。有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的不一定是復(fù)句，無關(guān)聯(lián)詞的不一定是單句。

如：1.只有社會主義，才能救中國。

2.你去？我去？

例1有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，表面上看，似乎是復(fù)句，但仔細(xì)分析，就不難得出這樣的結(jié)論：這個句子只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，雖有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，卻只起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，故是單句。例2雖然沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，但有兩套結(jié)構(gòu)，因而是

復(fù)句。

誤區(qū)三：認(rèn)為句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整的是復(fù)句，殘缺的是單句

有些人會分析句子成分，但一旦遇到“殘缺”的句子，他們就手足無措。造成這種情況的主要原因是他們忽略了省略句。省略句是在一定的語言環(huán)境省略了某種句子成分的句子，分承前省和蒙后省兩種。承前省就是后一分句承前一分句省略了自己的某種成分，蒙后省亦然。省略句表面上看好像是“殘缺不全”，其實(shí)仍是結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子。

如：1.中國人民有志氣，有能力，一定會在不遠(yuǎn)的將來趕上或超過世界先進(jìn)水平。

2.加入了共青團(tuán)，我今天非常高興。

這兩個句子到底是單句還是復(fù)句？例1是由三個分句構(gòu)成的復(fù)句。其中第一分句是結(jié)構(gòu)完整的主謂句，第二、第三分句是結(jié)構(gòu)“殘缺”的省略句，這三個分句的主語都是“中國人民”，二、三分句承前一分句省略了主語。所以，省略句是在一定語境中故意省去某種句子成分的句子，從其本質(zhì)上講仍是結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子。例2有許多人誤認(rèn)為是單句，究其原因，就是忽略了省略句，沒有認(rèn)識到前一分句蒙后一分句省

去了主語“我”的緣故。

那么如何正確地區(qū)分單句和復(fù)句呢？

其實(shí)，區(qū)分單句和復(fù)句并不難，只要能正確劃分句子成分并能弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，區(qū)分單復(fù)句，可以說是易如反掌。大家知道，構(gòu)成復(fù)句的單句叫分句，分句具有獨(dú)立性，彼此之間不作句子成分，換句話說，就是作為分句的單句只有一套結(jié)構(gòu)，或者說只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而復(fù)句則必須有兩套或兩套以上的結(jié)

構(gòu)。

對策一：凡是只有一套結(jié)構(gòu)的句子是單句，否則是復(fù)句

如：1.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

2.我知道：前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

例1有兩個主謂部分，有兩套結(jié)構(gòu)，是復(fù)句。例2的“前途是光明的，道路是曲折的?！彪m然是個復(fù)句，但這個復(fù)句只作“知道”的賓語，全句只有一個主謂部分，只有一套結(jié)構(gòu)，所以是單句。

對策二：有關(guān)聯(lián)詞的多是復(fù)句，但不一定都是復(fù)句

許多復(fù)句帶有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，用關(guān)聯(lián)詞來辨別單復(fù)句雖不是科學(xué)的方法，但不失為一種簡單而有效的方法。運(yùn)用此法必須同第一種分辨方法結(jié)合，這樣才能保證不出錯誤。

如：1.只有孔乙己到店，才可以笑幾聲，所以至今還記得。

2.不論在任何情況下，我們都要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

例1有關(guān)聯(lián)詞“只有”、“才”和“所以”，初步可以判斷是復(fù)句，再看他的結(jié)構(gòu)也不是一套，所以，可以肯定是復(fù)句。例2雖有關(guān)聯(lián)詞“不論”、“都”，然全句只有一套結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)是單句。

對策三：利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號來區(qū)分

句中有分號的是復(fù)句，有冒號或全句只有一個標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的句子是單句。分號是表示分句間的停頓，故句中有分號的句子一定是復(fù)句。冒號是表示總結(jié)、解釋或提起下文的，故句中有冒號的句子是單句。

如：1.人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。

2.我知道：前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

例1中有分號，是復(fù)句，是一個多重復(fù)句。例2中有冒號，只有一種結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，是單句。

第五篇：單句句子成分分析

單句句子成分分析

（1）大伙都散了。（《分馬》)

（2）滿樹淺黃色的小花，并不出眾。（《荔枝蜜》)

（3）我最不能忘記的是他的背影。（《背影》)

（4）利用物候知識來研究農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，已經(jīng)發(fā)展為一門科學(xué)。（《大自然的語言》）

（5）那壯麗的柱廊，淡雅的色調(diào)，以及四周層次繁多的建筑立面，組成了一幅莊嚴(yán)絢麗的畫圖。（《雄偉的人民大會堂》)

（6）一張簡陋的大竹床鋪著厚厚的稻草。（《驛路梨花》)

（7）其實(shí)這種縮微技術(shù)，早在十九世紀(jì)普法戰(zhàn)爭時候就使用過了。（《從甲骨文到縮微圖書館》）

（8）橋腳上站在一個人，卻是我們母親。（魯迅《社戲》）

（9）蕭隊長說過：先進(jìn)的要帶落后的。（《分馬》）

（10）列寧主義認(rèn)為：資本主義國家的無產(chǎn)階級要擁護(hù)殖民地半殖民地人民的解放斗爭，殖民地半殖民地的無產(chǎn)階級要擁護(hù)資本主義國家的無產(chǎn)階級的解放斗爭，世界革命才能勝利。（《紀(jì)念白求恩》）

（11）現(xiàn)在人們叫它 故宮。（《故宮博物院》）

（12）我給她 一本書。

（13）蜜蜂螫了一下。（《荔枝蜜》）

（14）我獨(dú)自一人游蕩在田野里。（《挖薺菜》）

（15）從化的荔枝樹多得像一片碧綠的大海，開花時節(jié)，那蜜蜂滿野嚶嚶嗡嗡，忙得 忘記早晚，有時還趁著月色采花釀蜜。（《荔枝蜜》）

（16）我那時真是聰明 過分。（《背影》）

（17）年紀(jì)比我大的人，往往如此，我遇見過 好幾回了。（《從百草園到三味書屋》）

（18）這時我看見他的背影，我的淚很快地流下來了。（《背影》）

（19）可我，總還是懷念那長在野地里的薺菜。（《挖薺菜》）

（20）老遠(yuǎn)就看見鑲嵌在正門頂上的國徽的閃閃金光。（《雄偉的人民大會堂》）

（21）李四光這一生中還從來沒有過一次這樣舒暢和快樂的談話。（《地質(zhì)之光》）

（22）我們兩人都不約而同地站了起來，沿著草坪旁用卵石鋪成的小徑 走到“北海”跟前。（蕭乾《棗核》)