第一篇：2014年英語專八考試閱讀練習(xí)題(9)

Passage Nine(The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business)

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises.While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates.Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital.The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation.Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed.MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations.The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations.These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

[A] The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.[B] There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.[C] After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.[D] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s ___________

[A] seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.[B] Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.[C] Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.[D] Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?

[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.[B] Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.[C] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.[D] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to the ‘financial and operating problems’ encountered by MESBIC’s primarily in order to ___________

[A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC’s through sponsoring companies.[B] call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.[C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s.[D] Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as ___________

[A] disappointing.[B] Indifferent.[C] Shocked.[D] Defensive.Vocabulary

1.implement 執(zhí)行，履行

2.growth-oriented 增長潛力的，有發(fā)展性的3.intermediary company 中介公司，中間公司

4.venture capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本

5.entrepreneur 企業(yè)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)者

6.fluctuation 波動，漲落，起伏

7.pragmatically 實(shí)用地

難句譯注

1.Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.【參考譯文】甚至在這個計(jì)劃執(zhí)行后15年，少數(shù)民族工業(yè)的收入還不到全國總收入的2%。

2.Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate

development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【參考譯文】最近，聯(lián)邦決策者采取一項(xiàng)措施，旨在加速少數(shù)民族工商業(yè)的發(fā)展，他們不再直接幫助小型的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)，而是轉(zhuǎn)向通過中間公司來支持規(guī)模較大、有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ纳贁?shù)民族公司。

3.By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.利用政府資助的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本。

4.The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【參考譯文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供資金、進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。這些企業(yè)是有成為贊助公司的未來供應(yīng)商或客戶的潛力的。

5.MESBIC – minority enterprise small business investment company

少數(shù)民族小型企業(yè)投資公司。

6.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【參考譯文】MESBIC的建立基于這種信念：為已建公司提供方便，使它更容易獲得相關(guān)的管理技術(shù)更具體的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及大筆資金要比簡單地給予一般管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)和小筆資金更能使它們獲得機(jī)會去建立穩(wěn)固的商業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。

7.The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【參考譯文】后者――高級經(jīng)理們――在有大多數(shù)情況下，仍然常常從“社會責(zé)任的角度”來考慮問題，因此，他們似乎更傾向于選擇那些比正常投資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更具風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性，而不太引人注目的項(xiàng)目。

寫作方法與文章大意

文章主要采用因果以及對比的寫作方法。先點(diǎn)出SBA計(jì)劃――聯(lián)邦政府對少數(shù)民族去也的贊助()的失敗及其原因。

為此，聯(lián)邦決策者改變方法，通過中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它來幫助少數(shù)民族企業(yè)――使其獲得相應(yīng)的管理技術(shù)、具體工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和大量資金，甚至潛在的市場――取得了成功。

可內(nèi)部存在問題，MESBIC的職工和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者之間的意見分歧，職工的投資觀點(diǎn)更切實(shí)際，而領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者仍從“社會責(zé)任的角度”來考慮問題，若不改變，有可能重蹈SBA之覆轍。

答案詳解

1.A 運(yùn)用MESBIC來幫助少數(shù)民族企業(yè)似乎比原來SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一開始就點(diǎn)名SBA(小型企業(yè)管理局)向少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供聯(lián)邦保證貸款，政府資助管理和技術(shù)方面的幫助，結(jié)果令人失望。組建成的少數(shù)民族新企業(yè)由于管理上缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)、地點(diǎn)不佳、資金短缺而導(dǎo)致失敗的情況很多。其他見難句譯注1、2、3?？傊贛ESBIC支持下：為它的潛在市場提供大量資金等，使它們在地點(diǎn)和市場流通方面風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小的多，從而帶來足夠的收入和保持所需的管理質(zhì)量。這一切都說明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。

B.MESBIC中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和職工方面在觀點(diǎn)上有著至關(guān)重要的分歧。C.經(jīng)歷了早期管理和市場問題后，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)已開始穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。D.希望組建新公司的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)家已有好幾個成功的聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃可依靠。

2.D 依靠打工四向少數(shù)民族企業(yè)投資。見第二段第二句：大公司利用政府資助的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本參與成功而又穩(wěn)固的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的發(fā)展。參與的大公司用這筆資金建立了“少數(shù)民族小型企業(yè)投資公司”(MESBIC)

A.尋求為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場聯(lián)邦合同。B.鼓勵少數(shù)民族企業(yè)為其他少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場。C.試圖在少數(shù)民族部門保持特定的增長率。

3.C 預(yù)期加入SBA項(xiàng)目中的公司的失敗率比實(shí)際失敗率低得多。文內(nèi)沒有直接點(diǎn)出，而是從(見第一題注釋)SBA幫助的企業(yè)失敗率很高――令人失望，從而推斷C項(xiàng)結(jié)論。

A.給企業(yè)貸款最高期限為15年。B.商業(yè)貸款對企業(yè)來說遠(yuǎn)筆管理和技術(shù)幫助重要。

D.鼓勵接受貸款企業(yè)重新尋找利于企業(yè)發(fā)展的地區(qū)。

4.B 為的是引人注意這一實(shí)際情況：MESBIC必須取得足夠的資金才能有效地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。這在第三段最后一句：在經(jīng)歷了早期財(cái)政和運(yùn)行問題后，贊助公司給MESBIC注入的資金遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了50萬美元的法定最低限額，以獲得足夠的收入并保持所需的管理質(zhì)量。MESBIC現(xiàn)在正成為日益重要的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的資金來源。這說明沒有足夠的資金是難以有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。

A.擴(kuò)大討論范圍以包括通過贊助公司投資MESBIC的合理性。C.表明贊助公司愿意在原來的MESBIC只投資50萬政府資助的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本。D.對比SBA和MESBIC最低投資限額。

5.A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的職工――一般是拉美和黑人專業(yè)人員在少數(shù)民族公司的投資上比MEBSIC的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更切實(shí)際。這些高級經(jīng)理從社會責(zé)任角度看問題，會選擇更具風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性，不太吸引人的項(xiàng)目。觀點(diǎn)分歧使許多少數(shù)民族職工感到不安，他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)以公司的業(yè)務(wù)爆出來評價(jià)少數(shù)民族企業(yè)家及其企業(yè)。者充分說明MEBSIC的職工對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)所青睞的投資項(xiàng)目不滿意和失望。

B.漠不關(guān)心。C.震驚。D.持保留態(tài)度。

第二篇：2014年英語專八翻譯練習(xí)題及答案

It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and despatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us.And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man's contentious life.And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance.參考譯文：

在這充滿聯(lián)姻婚嫁、決戰(zhàn)廝殺的世界里，每天特定時刻，我們都欣然而又迅速地把一份食物一去不返地吞入包裹我們的皮囊。這個世界看上去似乎有很多東西都是可以得到的。猛然看來，盡可能地獲取也成為紛繁人生的唯一目標(biāo)。然而，對于精神世界來說，這只不過是表面現(xiàn)象。

第三篇：2014年英語專八翻譯練習(xí)題及答案

The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough;and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance.This was soon effected by the friendly waiter;and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town.So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit.It was not much of a place, a small, modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall.But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness.Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it.And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already.譯文：

然而,這位老先生看起來心情非常愉快;顯然他對這兩位陌生人很感興趣，并愿意與他們結(jié)交.在熱心的服務(wù)生的幫助下,他們很快相識了;短暫的交談之后，老人便邀請他們?nèi)ニ菈ν獠贿h(yuǎn)的別墅與花園做客.于是次日下午，夕陽西落,從開啟的門窗輕輕瞥去,他們看到,蘭色暗影已漸漸籠罩棕褐的山巒，他們便欣然動身。那里很平常,矗立著一座現(xiàn)代化小型別墅座，表面粉刷了一層灰泥。還有一座鋪滿鵝卵石的花園，園里石砌水池中有幾尾金魚慵懶地游動?？繅Φ牡胤接幸蛔鹗孬C女神及其獵犬的雕像。但是使這小園生輝的是一顆巨大的玫瑰樹。樹已長過屋頂，幾乎完全遮住了窗戶?？諝庵袧M是玫瑰的芳香。這株玫瑰的確不錯，聽了客人夸獎，伯爵得意地說。他還表示非常樂意把樹的來歷講給夫人聽。于是他們坐在那里，一邊飲酒，一邊聽他以老年人滿不在乎神情，愉快地提及他的那一段往日愛情，仿佛他相信他們對此一定早有耳聞

第四篇：2014年英語專八翻譯練習(xí)題及答案

It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains at the end of the field, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood, when I can converse again with my hidden powers, and so grow, and so be renewed, till death do us part.參考譯文：

田野的盡頭泉水噴涌翻騰，我注視良久?，F(xiàn)實(shí)世界逐漸模糊起來，自我再次從內(nèi)心深處浮現(xiàn)。最近的種種經(jīng)歷都隨之而來，待我可以再次同內(nèi)心潛在力量交流時，慢慢地探究和領(lǐng)會。這些力量便這樣慢慢增強(qiáng)，不斷獲得新生，直至死神將我們分開。

第五篇：2013年英語專八考試作文

2013年英語專八考試作文范文

Is a sound social environment necessary for people to be good to others Helping others has always been a virtue in traditional Chinese culture, but nowadays many people dare not offer help to those in need, for fear of getting into trouble.The issue has aroused public debate over the climate of morality and credibility, and many people sigh over the moral degeneration.In my opinion, while social environment is necessary zk.hushine.comfor people to be good to others, each individual should try his or her best to do good deeds and be sympathetic with others, instead of waiting for the environment to improve.There is no denying that some tragic events turn out to be traps by people with evil intentions, so people are becoming more risk-conscious and are more wary of traps and deceits.some people even wonder, ?Is our society hostile to good people?? The question may sound ridiculous but many people apparently think so.They believe that our current004km.cn society provides a bad environment for good people doing good things, and good people pay a high price for being compassionate.In fact, such kind of things only accounts for a pretty small percentage, but massive media coverage makes the situation seem serious.Actually, most people around me are kind, warm-hearted and helpful, and I am quite delighted in their company.So I believe media should pay more attention to publicizing good people and exemplary deeds to enhance our confidence, rather than exposing disgusting behaviors.At the same time, as John Donne puts it, “No man is an island, entire of itself.Every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.” Since everyone of us is a component of the society, it is each individual?s conducts that form social morality.Just imagine it is you who need help, what would you feel if everyone watches indifferently or suspiciously? 004km.cnSo, put yourself in other?s position and be sympathetic.If we do nothing but wait for the environment to improve, nothing will happen.Only by removing the fence around our kind consciousness can we reverse the regress of social ethics, and make our world full of warmth and happiness.Therefore, if help is needed, never hesitate to lend a helping hand.It will make you happy and feel better about life.In sum, I contend the idea that while social environment is necessary for people to be good to others, it is each individual?s responsibility to offer help to those in need, and together we build up a more harmonious society.Corporate executives, undoubtedly, play a crucial part in a company?s management and operation.Some people argue that the only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay 004km.cnwithin the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.Do you agree to their opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the ?rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.寫作思路

當(dāng)今社會，公司的發(fā)展越來越正規(guī)化，而公司掌舵人的作用也顯得尤為重要，這也是眾多公 司不惜重金競相聘用得力高管的重要原因。那么，公司高管究竟要起到哪些作用呢？是不是只要想方設(shè)法為公司盈利就可以了呢？我們認(rèn)為不是這樣的，公司高管還應(yīng)擔(dān)負(fù)起許多其他責(zé)任，包括為全球環(huán)境和人民造福、塑造良好公司形象、保障公司長足發(fā)展等。Multiple Responsibilities of Corporate Executives Corporate executives do have a responsibility to make money for their companies.For publicly owned companies, this means that they must ?nd a way to maximize shareholder value.But it would be wrong to say that, without quali? cation, making as much money as possible is an executive?s only responsibility.First of all, corporate executives havexueli.woryi.com a duty to protect our natural environment004km.cn and to not exploit human resources, particularly in lesser-developed countries.These poorer countries sometimes have poorly developed legal systems and laws that can be used unfairly by companies, even though the companies are actually operating within the limits of the law in that country.As an example, a pharmaceutical company should not be allowed to test new drugs on people in a poor country even though it is perfectly legal under that country?s laws.Corporate executives must take it upon themselves to ensure that it operates ethically in all countries and that the corporation does not exploit lax operating laws in underdeveloped parts of the world.Secondly, a related responsibility of corporate executives is to make sure that the company re?ects a positive image to the rest of the world, thus giving stockholders and owners a sense of pride in being a part of that company.Most people do not want to be associated with a company that is seen as greedy or exploitive.If corporate executives focus solely on making as much money as possible, there can be a backlash against that company for appearing too materialistic and uncaring.Executives 004km.cnat multinational companies such as McDonald?s and Wal-Mart have recognized this problem in the past and have now become heavily involved in the communities in which their stores are located through charitable programs.A third and also related responsibility of corporate executives is to ensure the long-term viability of their companies.Employees, as well as other stakeholders, need to know that the company executives are interested in building an enduring institution.A good example of this responsibility not being honored is that of the Enron Energy Company and Arthur Andersen bankruptcy and accounting scandal.In this case, corporate executives abdicated their responsibilities to both companies in order to maximize short-term pro?t and possibly their own bonuses and stock options.Corporate executives do have a responsibility to make as much money as possible.But they also have the responsibility to do so in a manner that helps to protect the world?s environment and people, that re?ects a positive corporate image, and that will guarantee the long-term survival of the company.亮點(diǎn)回放 ★用詞亮點(diǎn)

lesser-developed ：欠發(fā)達(dá)的，同下文 中的underdeveloped。take something upon somebody ：承擔(dān)起 ……職責(zé)。exploitive ：剝削的。

backlash ：后坐力，強(qiáng)烈反對。viability ：生存能力，可行性。abdicate ：正式放棄，退出。

★句式亮點(diǎn)

Corporate executives must take it upon themselves to ensure that it operates ethically in all countries and that the corporation does not exploit lax operating laws in underdeveloped parts of the world.lax operating laws意為“現(xiàn)行法律中的漏洞”；兩個that均作為ensure一詞 的賓語從句。全句句意為：“公司高管必須承擔(dān)起責(zé)任，確保公司在任何國家的運(yùn)作都不會有違道德規(guī)范，同時在世界欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，也不鉆現(xiàn)行法律的空子”。

A good example of this responsibility not being honored is that of the Enron Energy Company and Arthur Andersen bankruptcy and accounting scandal.a good example of this responsibility not being honored在此處表示 “一個不那么光彩的例子，反面教材”。此處作者以安然公司（Enron）和安達(dá)信會計(jì)師事務(wù)所（Arthur Andersen）為例，充分證明了只圖眼前利益而忽略公司長足發(fā)展的下場?！锲铝咙c(diǎn)

文章采用的是開門見山的開頭方式，直接提出作者觀點(diǎn)——為公司多賺錢不應(yīng)是公司高管的惟一職責(zé)。緊接著，作者采用了分總的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，在主體部分層次分明地論述了公司高管應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的其他責(zé)任。邏輯信號詞first of all，secondly，a third清晰地對文章做出了劃分，使讀者一目了然。結(jié)尾部分概括全文，同時采用了與正文不一樣 的表達(dá)方式，顯示出作者扎實(shí)的文字功底。