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      2011年06月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考前必背

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 19:22:28下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《2011年06月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考前必背》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《2011年06月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考前必背》。

      第一篇:2011年06月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考前必背

      2008年12月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試考前必背十類范文

      一、求學(xué)信/求職信

      Dear Sir or Madam,I am a senior from the Department of Business Administration.I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission[入場(chǎng)(入學(xué))許可] into your esteemed[受人尊重的] institution[教育機(jī)構(gòu)]/your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it.First, enclosed with[把什么裝入信封] this letter is my resume, which further details my previous[以前的] academic qualifications [考試合格證明書]and work experience.Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate[候選人] for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious[有聲望的] university/working as a staff member.Last, my hobbies include sports and music.Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude[感激] to the help you render[給予] me.Your prompt[即時(shí)的] and favorable[贊許的,順利地] attention to my inquiry[詢問] would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

      二、開幕詞

      Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself.I am the president of Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.The following is my introduction to the conference.First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt[衷心的,誠(chéng)摯的] welcome to all the guests and delegates.[代表] Last, I believe our cooperative[Adj 樂于協(xié)作的] efforts are sure to be productive.[有成效的,多產(chǎn)的]

      I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you.If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time.Thank you for your attention.三、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷

      RESUME

      Li Ming

      P.O.Box 237, Beijing University

      5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871

      Tel: 62768888 Email: Liming@163.com

      Career Objective: A position with management potential[潛在的,有可能的] in the banking business specializing in international corporate financing

      Educational Background:

      Sept 2003 to Beijing University

      July 2007 Major in International Business Management

      Main courses include English, Computer, Business

      Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law

      Work Experience: July 2006 to Bank of China June 2007 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing Draft business correspondence Schedule deputy manager’s appointments

      Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation(2007)

      College English Test Band 4 June 2005

      Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University

      2005& 2006

      Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel

      Ability to work independently

      Outstanding Organizational skills

      Experience: President of Student Union 2003-present

      Personal Data: Date of Birth: 9/17/1984

      Gender: Female

      Marital Status: Unmarried

      四、通知

      Directions:

      The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest.Write an announcement which covers the following information:

      1)the purpose of the contest,2)time and place of the contest,3)what is required of the candidates,4)details of the judges and awards.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese Speaking Contest

      February 3, 2007

      To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week(10 February)at the Students’ Auditorium.Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week.Five professors will be invited to be judges.The first six winners will be given awards.Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students’ Union

      Department of Chinese Language and Literature

      五、邀請(qǐng)信

      Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually:

      1)Invite them to the party,2)Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held,3)What activities will be arranged for them.Dear Snoopy,I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.Guo Jing’s wedding ceremony with Ms.Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m.on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

      六、考試

      Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

      1、大學(xué)都用考試來(lái)衡量學(xué)生的成績(jī)

      2、考生可能帶來(lái)的副作用

      3、我對(duì)考試的看法

      In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief[形容詞,最重要的] means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular[特別的,特定的] subject.Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous[形容詞,巨大的].To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching.Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to[把某事簡(jiǎn)化為] training their students in exam techniques.No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached[開始考慮某事] with intent to take examinations.In addition[連接兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的過渡詞], the most undesirable[令人不快的,可能有不良效果的] effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits.As the examination score is the only criterion [評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically[機(jī)械的] rather than to think creatively.In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development.If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise[策劃,設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)明] something more efficient and reliable[可靠的] than examinations?

      七、最難忘的人

      Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

      1、我生活中最難忘的人是······

      2、為什么他(或她)令我難以忘懷

      3、結(jié)論

      In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling.But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities.First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning.He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exporting something deeper in this field.Second, I was attracted by his lively wit.I remember that we students always anticipated[期望的] his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered[表達(dá)], never failing to provoke [激起]chuckles [輕聲地笑]or loud laughs.Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.八、圖表作文

      Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Statistics in People’s Daily Expenses in Xi’an.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

      1、Describe the changes indicated in the table.2、The reasons for the change.3、Make predictions about the future tendency.What is shown in the table above indicates[表明] that dramatic[戲劇性的,激動(dòng)人心的] changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi’an from 1995 to 1999.The expenses on food have declined [下降]by 30% while those on clothing and recreation[娛樂] have increased respectively[各自地,個(gè)別地] by 9% and 7%.There are two factors accounting for[解釋,占(。。比例)] these changes.In the first place, the risen income resulting from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food.In the second place, when food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of their interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time.As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year by year.From the analyses made above, with the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.九、壓力

      Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is Stress a Bad Thing? You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

      1、有人害怕壓力

      2、有人認(rèn)為壓力并不是壞事

      3、我的看法

      In the past few years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive.They are afraid that the stress and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally.In fact, however, stress isn’t the bad thing it is often supposed to be.Above all, unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital[必不可少的,極其重要的] to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance[重要性,意義] to an otherwise[副詞,要不然,否則] meaningless[形容詞,無(wú)意義的,無(wú)目的的], idle[懶惰的] life.Furthermore, people under stress tend to express their full range of potential [可作名詞,潛力,潛能]and to actualize[成為現(xiàn)實(shí)] their own personal worth—the very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.十、就業(yè)

      Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

      1、大學(xué)生難找工作

      2、原因很多

      3、解決的辦法

      Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.

      第二篇:政治考前必背2013

      一、關(guān)于消費(fèi)

      (一)影響消費(fèi)的因素?

      生產(chǎn);收入;物價(jià);消費(fèi)觀

      (二)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,刺激消費(fèi)的意義何在?

      ①消費(fèi)對(duì)生產(chǎn)起著重要的反作用,消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展,生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品被消費(fèi)了,這種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過程才算最終完成。消費(fèi)是物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)總過程的最終目的和動(dòng)力;消費(fèi)所形成的新的需要,對(duì)生產(chǎn)的調(diào)整和升級(jí)起著導(dǎo)向作用;一個(gè)新的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn),往往能帶動(dòng)一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和成長(zhǎng);消費(fèi)為生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造出新的勞動(dòng)力,能提高勞動(dòng)力的質(zhì)量,提高勞動(dòng)者的生產(chǎn)積極性。②貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)由主要依靠投資、出口拉動(dòng)向依靠消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

      (三)怎樣刺激消費(fèi)、擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需?

      ①落實(shí)以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。②發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),擴(kuò)大就業(yè),千方百計(jì)增加居民收入。

      ③發(fā)揮財(cái)政的積極作用,建立、健全社會(huì)保障制度。

      ④努力實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

      ⑤加強(qiáng)政府的宏觀調(diào)控,穩(wěn)定物價(jià),整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。

      ⑥樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀。

      (四)運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)生活,應(yīng)如何拒絕舌尖上的浪費(fèi)?

      ①國(guó)家:引導(dǎo)全社會(huì)樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀;加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控,綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、行政等宏觀調(diào)控手段控制浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象,將杜絕浪費(fèi)納入法制軌道。

      ②企業(yè):制定正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略,提高服務(wù)水平和質(zhì)量;樹立正確的金錢觀,樹立良好的信譽(yù)、形象,承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任。

      ③消費(fèi)者:樹立正確的金錢觀,樹立科學(xué)、合理的消費(fèi)觀,理性消費(fèi),勤儉節(jié)約,艱苦奮斗。

      (五)為什么要參與“光盤行動(dòng)”?

      勤儉節(jié)約,艱苦奮斗是社會(huì)主義榮辱觀的體現(xiàn);從歷史角度看,勤儉節(jié)約,艱苦奮斗是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德和優(yōu)良作風(fēng);從現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情看,我國(guó)正處在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段,是發(fā)展中的人口大國(guó)更要戒奢從儉;從民族的存在和發(fā)展看,一個(gè)沒有艱苦奮斗的民族,難以自立自強(qiáng);從個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)看,艱苦奮斗有助于我們戰(zhàn)勝困難,成就事業(yè)。

      (六)運(yùn)用《政治生活》,政府在拒絕舌尖上的浪費(fèi)應(yīng)如何作為?

      ①政府必須堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)的宗旨、對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的工作原則;

      ②政府必須認(rèn)真履行市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管、社會(huì)管理等經(jīng)濟(jì)職能;履行文化建設(shè)職能(其它職能視材料寫);

      ③樹立政府權(quán)威:依法行政、審慎用權(quán)、高效廉潔、科學(xué)決策、自覺接受人民監(jiān)督。(視材料寫其中的內(nèi)容)

      (七)青少年學(xué)生應(yīng)積極投入“光盤行動(dòng)”中。請(qǐng)?zhí)岢鰞蓷l具體建議,并分別說(shuō)明其哲學(xué)道理。

      ①適量點(diǎn)餐:量變是質(zhì)變的前提和必要準(zhǔn)備,堅(jiān)持適度原則。(或:點(diǎn)滴節(jié)約,量的積累)

      ②剩菜打包:堅(jiān)持正確意識(shí)的指導(dǎo)(或:堅(jiān)持正確價(jià)值觀的指引)

      二、關(guān)于誠(chéng)信

      (一)誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng)必要性和重要性

      (1)對(duì)國(guó)家:有利于建立良好的市場(chǎng)秩序,有利于合理配置資源,使市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展。誠(chéng)實(shí)守信是現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)正常運(yùn)行必不可少的條件。社會(huì)信用缺失會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)秩序混亂、交易萎縮、坑蒙拐騙盛行,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致投資不足、經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

      (2)對(duì)企業(yè):誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng),是企業(yè)良好的信譽(yù)和形象所在。是企業(yè)的無(wú)形資產(chǎn),關(guān)系到企業(yè)成敗。促使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品和提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。

      (3)對(duì)消費(fèi)者:有利于維護(hù)消費(fèi)者的合法權(quán)益。

      (二)如何加強(qiáng)誠(chéng)信建設(shè)?

      (1)國(guó)家:①形成以道德為支撐、法律為保障的社會(huì)信用制度,是規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序的治本之策。

      ②建立比較完善的市場(chǎng)規(guī)則。以法律法規(guī)、行業(yè)規(guī)范、市場(chǎng)道德規(guī)范等形式,對(duì)市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行的方方面面作出的具體規(guī)定;遵循誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。③綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、行政等宏觀調(diào)控手段.(2)企業(yè):要遵守法律,要有道德,要增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感,自覺樹立誠(chéng)信觀念。

      (3)消費(fèi)者:要學(xué)法、懂法、守法,要有維權(quán)意識(shí)和維權(quán)行動(dòng)。

      總之,每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)參與者都必須學(xué)法、懂法、守法,既保證自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)符合法律的規(guī)范,又能夠運(yùn)用法律維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益。

      三、關(guān)于“自主創(chuàng)新”

      (一)意義

      國(guó)家角度:第一,這是落實(shí)以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

      第二,是提高自主創(chuàng)新能力,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的需要,增加國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家是國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的核心,是提高綜合國(guó)力的關(guān)鍵。

      第三,是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)的需要。有利于走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路,實(shí)現(xiàn)主要由依靠增加物質(zhì)資源消耗向主要依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)變。企業(yè):有利于企業(yè)采用新技術(shù)、改善經(jīng)營(yíng)管理,以提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率;有利于增強(qiáng)企業(yè)研發(fā)自主品牌的能力??傊?,有利于提高企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,提高增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

      個(gè)人 :有利于提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì),增強(qiáng)就業(yè)能力。

      (二)怎么做

      國(guó)家角度:第一,貫徹以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

      第二,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家的需要,增加國(guó)家的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

      第三,是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)的需要。走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路,實(shí)現(xiàn)主要由依靠增加物質(zhì)資源消耗向主要依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)變。

      企業(yè):科技創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新,以提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率;研發(fā)自主品牌,增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

      個(gè)人 :勞動(dòng)者要努力學(xué)習(xí),提高技能和素質(zhì),要有創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐。

      四、關(guān)于“生態(tài)文明”(低碳經(jīng)濟(jì))

      (一)為什么?

      (二)怎么做?(同上,換個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞)

      第一,這是落實(shí)的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,做到統(tǒng)籌兼顧,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展的要求。

      第二,有利于加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。有利于走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)由主要依靠增加物質(zhì)資源消耗向主要依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新轉(zhuǎn)變。

      第三,有利于加強(qiáng)能源資源節(jié)約和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù),增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。第四,有利于提高自主創(chuàng)新能力,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家。

      第五,有利于人們樹立正確消費(fèi)觀,確立綠色消費(fèi)的理念,勤儉節(jié)約,保護(hù)消費(fèi)者健康。

      (二)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活角度談怎么做?

      (1)政府應(yīng)如何作為?

      ①貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,建設(shè)生態(tài)文明,促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展;(根據(jù)材料,寫上第一要義,或者核心、基本要求、根本方法)②提高自主創(chuàng)新能力,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家(或者省份、城市);

      ③轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí);

      ④加強(qiáng)能源資源節(jié)約和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù),增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力;

      ⑤加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控,綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和行政手段。

      (2)企業(yè)應(yīng)如何擔(dān)當(dāng)?

      ①貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀;發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

      ②提高自主創(chuàng)新能力,通過科技和管理的創(chuàng)新降低排放。

      ③轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)。

      (3)消費(fèi)者應(yīng)如何擔(dān)當(dāng)?

      消費(fèi)者要樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀,做理智的消費(fèi)者,堅(jiān)持低碳生活,保護(hù)環(huán)境,綠色消費(fèi),勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗。

      (三)從《政治生活》角度,分析政府應(yīng)如何作為?

      ①政府必須堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)的宗旨、對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的工作原則;

      ②政府必須認(rèn)真履行提供社會(huì)公共服務(wù)的職能,(其它職能視材料寫);③樹立政府權(quán)威:依法行政、審慎用權(quán)、高效廉潔、科學(xué)決策、自覺接受人民監(jiān)督。(視材料寫其中的內(nèi)容)

      五、影響公司經(jīng)營(yíng)與發(fā)展的主要因素

      (1)要制定正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略。

      (2)要提高自主創(chuàng)新能力,依靠科技進(jìn)步、科學(xué)管理等手段,形成自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。(價(jià)格、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、服務(wù)水平、品牌效應(yīng))

      (3)要誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng),樹立良好的信譽(yù)和企業(yè)形象(產(chǎn)品和服務(wù))。信譽(yù)和形象是企業(yè)的無(wú)形資產(chǎn),公司是否誠(chéng)信經(jīng)營(yíng),關(guān)系到企業(yè)成敗。

      (4)除此以外,建立健全現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度、進(jìn)行兼并和強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)合、提高經(jīng)營(yíng)者素質(zhì)、優(yōu)化組織結(jié)構(gòu)、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、自主創(chuàng)新自主品牌等也是影響公司經(jīng)營(yíng)成敗的重要因素。

      六、如何提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平

      (1)提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的要求:在新世紀(jì)新階段,我們必須拓展對(duì)外開放的廣度和深度,提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。要把“引進(jìn)來(lái)”與“走出去”更好的結(jié)合起來(lái),擴(kuò)大開放領(lǐng)域,優(yōu)化開放結(jié)構(gòu),提高開放質(zhì)量,完善內(nèi)外聯(lián)運(yùn)、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系,形成經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下參與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新優(yōu)勢(shì)。

      在新形勢(shì)下,我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新利用外資方式,優(yōu)化利用外資結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)揮利用外資在推動(dòng)自主創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展等方面的積極作用。

      從“引進(jìn)來(lái)”到“走出去”,意味著我國(guó)對(duì)外開放發(fā)展到了一個(gè)新層次。

      (2)我國(guó)實(shí)行對(duì)外開放,發(fā)展對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,必須堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主,自力更生的原則。中國(guó)是人口眾多的發(fā)展中的社會(huì)主義大國(guó),任何時(shí)候都不能依靠別人搞建設(shè),必須把獨(dú)立自主、自力更生作為自己發(fā)展的根本基點(diǎn)。獨(dú)立自主、自力更生不是閉關(guān)自守,不是盲目排外。而是在立足于自身發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)行對(duì)外開放。例:高科技電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)品附加值“微笑曲線”圖

      ? 材料

      一、美國(guó)一份題為《抓住蘋果全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的價(jià)值》的研究報(bào)告揭示了蘋果公司產(chǎn)品全球供應(yīng)鏈的價(jià)值分布:把技術(shù)含量高、附加值高的iPhone零部件生產(chǎn)分解到韓國(guó)及歐洲六個(gè)國(guó)家的九家企業(yè),然后出口到中國(guó)進(jìn)行組裝,再由中國(guó)出口到美國(guó)進(jìn)入蘋果公司銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中,蘋果作為iPhone的創(chuàng)造者,拿到了利潤(rùn)的58.5%,而完成組裝的中國(guó)工人只分得iPhone總價(jià)值的1.8%,這反映出高科技電子設(shè)備中創(chuàng)造者和制造者的差距。

      ? 材料

      二、回顧過去十年的風(fēng)雨歷程,伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的進(jìn)程,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),也面臨著一系列挑戰(zhàn):如美國(guó)屢以中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期保持對(duì)美國(guó)的巨額貿(mào)易順差(出口>進(jìn)口)為由,施加壓力要求人民幣升值以解決中國(guó)貿(mào)易失衡問題;高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口比重雖在上升,但技術(shù)含量及產(chǎn)品附加值低,自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)品牌少;缺乏核心技術(shù)和美元貶值使我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全受到威脅。

      (1)分析圖和材料一,概括出其中所蘊(yùn)含的經(jīng)濟(jì)信息。(4分)

      (2)結(jié)合圖和材料一,從公司經(jīng)營(yíng)的角度,為我國(guó)企業(yè)參與國(guó)際分工出謀獻(xiàn)策。(6分)

      36、(1)①經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)際分工。

      ? ②研發(fā)和售后在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的高端;我國(guó)企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng),處于全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端。

      ? ③經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化實(shí)質(zhì)上是以發(fā)達(dá)資本主義國(guó)家為主導(dǎo)的。

      ?(其他解答若針對(duì)性強(qiáng),言之成理,可酌情給分)

      ?(2)①加大科技研發(fā)投入,要有自主品牌、促進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新,形成自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

      ? ②加快產(chǎn)品升級(jí)和轉(zhuǎn)型。

      ? ③不斷改進(jìn)營(yíng)銷方式,成功的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略有利于企業(yè)達(dá)到盈利目的。

      ?(學(xué)生如答到“提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量”,“誠(chéng)實(shí)守信經(jīng)營(yíng)”,“產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整”等觀點(diǎn),言之成理,可酌情給分。)

      七、關(guān)于物價(jià)

      (一)物價(jià)上漲或下跌的原因可能有哪些?

      (1)價(jià)值決定(成本上升),社會(huì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高;

      (2)供求關(guān)系的變化;

      此外,國(guó)家的宏觀調(diào)控。

      (二)價(jià)值規(guī)律的內(nèi)容與表現(xiàn)形式

      對(duì)等價(jià)交換的理解(只存在于平均數(shù)之中)

      (三)物價(jià)上漲帶來(lái)的影響

      對(duì)生活(一般情況下的影響;對(duì)必須品的影響;對(duì)互補(bǔ)品的影響)

      對(duì)生產(chǎn)

      (四)控制物價(jià)的意義

      控制物價(jià)上漲:有利于提高消費(fèi)水平

      (1)價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)人們生活的影響

      ①一般來(lái)說(shuō),一種商品價(jià)格上升時(shí),人們會(huì)減少對(duì)它的購(gòu)買;反之亦然。②價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)生活必需品需求量的影響小,對(duì)高檔耐用品需求量影響大。

      ③一種商品價(jià)格變動(dòng)還會(huì)影響相關(guān)的其他商品的價(jià)格和需求量。在可相互替代的兩種商品中,一種商品價(jià)格上漲,消費(fèi)者將減少對(duì)該商品的需求量,將增加對(duì)其替代品的需求量;反之亦然。在有互補(bǔ)關(guān)系的商品中,一種商品價(jià)格上漲,需求量會(huì)下降,導(dǎo)致對(duì)另一種商品需求量減少;反之亦然。

      (2)價(jià)格變動(dòng)對(duì)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)的影響

      ①調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。一種商品價(jià)格下降,生產(chǎn)者會(huì)減少產(chǎn)量;價(jià)格上漲,生產(chǎn)者會(huì)增加產(chǎn)量。

      ②提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。企業(yè)提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,才能縮短個(gè)別勞動(dòng)時(shí)間,提供降價(jià)空間,使其在價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)乃至生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。

      ③生產(chǎn)適銷對(duì)路的高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。生產(chǎn)者提供質(zhì)量好的適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品,就能獲取較大的市場(chǎng)份額,獲取更多的利潤(rùn)。

      第三篇:英語(yǔ)六級(jí)寫作十大必背

      英語(yǔ)六級(jí)寫作十大必背范文(1)1.圖畫作文:傳統(tǒng)文化/外來(lái)文化/文化交流

      Directions:

      For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of An American girl in traditional Chinese costume and then explain the importance of cultural exchanges.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face.She wears ribbons, necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group.The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally.In other words, a nation’s unique/distinctive culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges.Since the trend of globalization becomes irresistible, the increasing cultural exchanges can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship.It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished.Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures, controversial or even absurd at first sight, can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run.Nevertheless, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side.這幅圖畫生動(dòng)描述了一位可愛的美國(guó)小女孩身穿傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)服裝,面帶甜蜜的微笑。她戴著具有某個(gè)中國(guó)少數(shù)民族服飾特征的發(fā)帶、項(xiàng)鏈和其他裝飾品。

      神秘的中國(guó)文化吸引了各國(guó)人民這一事實(shí),顯示了在某種程度上,一種文化可以被國(guó)際性地接受、尊重、欣賞和分享。換而言之,一個(gè)民族獨(dú)特的文化可以通過全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化交流走向世界。由于全球化潮流不可阻擋,所以文化交流可以有效增進(jìn)相互間的理解和友誼。

      在我看來(lái),我們應(yīng)該保存和珍惜作為無(wú)價(jià)精神財(cái)富的民族文化。同時(shí),我們很有必要推廣世界文化,因?yàn)閬?lái)自其他文化的觀點(diǎn),即使乍看起來(lái)相互矛盾或荒謬,但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來(lái),可以為我們觀察這個(gè)世界提供一種不同的視角。

      2.圖畫作文:環(huán)境保護(hù)

      Directions:

      For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of environmental pollution in some scenic spots and then explain the importance of environmental protection.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.As is subtly portrayed in the cartoon, two tourists are taking sightseeing on a small boat while discarding their picnic leftovers casually into a lake.And below the drawing, there is a topic which says: “after” the travel or “me” in the travel.From the portrayal, we can conclude that the painter wants to convey such a message: a good many scenic spots are flooded with visitors, who spoil the beauty of nature by creating and leaving behind God-knows-how-much trash.On the one hand, tourism, as a multibillion-dollar business, is booming everywhere.On the other hand, tourism has exerted great pressure on the environment we are living in: water is polluted, the ecological system is disturbed, and natural resources have been excessively used.Undoubtedly, tourism could not be banned in any country as it does help to shore up the economy in places which offer few sources of income.The significant point is that the unchecked growth of the travel business may render the development of an economy unsustainable.如圖所示,兩名游客正在一艘小船上觀光,同時(shí)把野餐的剩余垃圾隨意丟入湖中。在圖畫下方,有個(gè)小標(biāo)題寫明:“旅程之‘余’”。

      從漫畫中,我們可以得出結(jié)論,畫家想要表達(dá)下述信息:成群的游客涌入很多景點(diǎn),制造并丟棄了大量的垃圾,影響了大自然的美觀。一方面,旅游業(yè)作為一項(xiàng)數(shù)十億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè),正在世界各地迅猛發(fā)展。另一方面,旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)對(duì)我們生存的環(huán)境造成了巨大的壓力:水受到污染,生態(tài)平衡遭到破壞,自然資源被過度開發(fā)。

      毫無(wú)疑問,由于在其他收入很少的地區(qū),旅游業(yè)確實(shí)有助于發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),因此任何國(guó)家都無(wú)法禁止旅游業(yè)。但重要的是旅游業(yè)毫無(wú)節(jié)制的發(fā)展可能使得經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不可持續(xù)。

      3.提綱作文:網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物

      Directions:

      For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已成為一種時(shí)尚

      2.網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物有很多好處,但也有不少問題

      3.我的建議

      Nowadays, can we find a person who has not heard of online shopping? It may be a little difficult.Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities due to the rapid development of Internet technology.Online shopping is welcomed by the majority of people owing to its obvious advantages: it’s convenient and people can do it 24 hours.You can shop whenever you want——if you want to buy a mobile phone at 2 a.m., you can.Unfortunately, shopping online has its own disadvantages too: you can’t touch the item, let alone try it on.The material of the dress that you see on the screen may be flimsier than what you had expected, and it will probably look much better on the model than it does on you.Personally, I find buying online to be an excellent way to shop for certain items.Nevertheless, for other items, such as clothes, I reckon it is better to shop at a regular store.In a regular store, you can see the real color, feel the material, and try it on.現(xiàn)在,我們能夠找到從未聽說(shuō)過網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的人嗎?恐怕有點(diǎn)困難。由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)購(gòu)在大多數(shù)城市都已成為時(shí)尚。

      由于網(wǎng)購(gòu)具有的明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),即其方便性以及隨時(shí)性,大多數(shù)人都喜歡網(wǎng)購(gòu)。只要喜歡,你可以隨時(shí)購(gòu)物——如果你想半夜兩點(diǎn)買部手機(jī),沒問題。然而,網(wǎng)購(gòu)也有其缺點(diǎn):你無(wú)法接觸商品,更別說(shuō)試穿了。你在屏幕上看到的衣服材料可能比你預(yù)期的要更薄,而且很可能穿在模特身上比你更好看。

      個(gè)人而言,我認(rèn)為網(wǎng)購(gòu)對(duì)于購(gòu)買某些商品是一種很好的方式。然而,對(duì)于諸如服裝等其他商品,我認(rèn)為最好在傳統(tǒng)商店購(gòu)買。在傳統(tǒng)商店,你可以看到真正的顏色,感覺面料,并且試穿。

      4.圖表作文:教育

      Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram.Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes.You should write at least 150 words.The diagram above clearly illustrates that dramatic elevation has occurred in the recruitment of Master of Engineering(ME)in the past seven years.According to the statistics given above, we may conclude that the recruitment of ME was on a steady rise from 1998 to 2004.In 1998, the number was at a low level, only about 2,500.Surprisingly, it reached to more than 35,000 in 2004 within no more than seven years.Some driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned changes may be summarized as follows.First and foremost, China has become particularly active in manufacturing, which leads to the increasing demand of qualified engineers.In addition, the development of job market on the whole cannot keep pace with the expansion of college graduates, which obliges a large number of students to stay on campus for another three years to get better prepared for their career.Last but not least, working pressure is another reason.Taking all these factors into account, we may predict that with speedy development of our society, the number of recruitment of ME will keep growing in the forthcoming decade.On the other side of the coin, however, this tendency may bring about a good many problems, such as the waste of talent.It is necessary for us to take effective measures to ensure this situation doesn’t get out of hand, and encourage students to choose majors in which theoretical knowledge and practical skills will be demanded in the job market.上述圖表清楚揭示了過去七年在工程碩士招生方面出現(xiàn)了急劇增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)上面給出的數(shù)據(jù),我們可以得出結(jié)論:從1998到2004年,工程碩士招生穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)。在1998年,招生人數(shù)較少,只有大約2500人。令人驚訝的是,在不到七年中,到2004年招生人數(shù)達(dá)到35000多人。

      促成上述變化的一些主要原因可以概括如下。首先,中國(guó)在制造業(yè)方面已經(jīng)變得異常活躍,這導(dǎo)致了高素質(zhì)工程師需求的增加。此外,就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的總體發(fā)展無(wú)法跟上大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的增加,這促使很多學(xué)生繼續(xù)呆在校園里三年時(shí)間,為就業(yè)進(jìn)行更好的準(zhǔn)備。最后,工作壓力是另外一個(gè)原因??紤]到所有這些因素,我們可以預(yù)計(jì):隨著社會(huì)的迅速發(fā)展,工程碩士的招生人數(shù)在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)將會(huì)繼續(xù)增加。

      然而,在問題的另一方面,這種趨勢(shì)可能帶來(lái)很多問題,例如人才的浪費(fèi)。我們必須采取有效措施確保這一狀況不會(huì)失控,同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們選擇那些在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上所需要的既有理論知識(shí)又有實(shí)踐技能的專業(yè)。5.圖畫作文:兩代關(guān)系

      Directions:

      For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of self-dependence.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.The set of drawings above vividly depict the destiny of a flower in different circumstances.As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is growing in full bloom in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightning and storm.On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers.The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society;the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.上述這組圖生動(dòng)描述了一朵鮮花在不同環(huán)境中的命運(yùn)。如第一幅漫畫所示,這朵鮮花正在舒適的溫室里充分綻放,溫室保護(hù)它免于可怕的閃電和風(fēng)雨。相反,當(dāng)被搬出溫室并暴露在風(fēng)雨之下時(shí),鮮花很快就凋謝枯萎了。

      這朵嬌弱的鮮花自然和我們的年輕人聯(lián)系起來(lái),具體而言,就是當(dāng)代社會(huì)的獨(dú)生子女。溫室是保護(hù)孩子免受風(fēng)雨的父母溺愛和優(yōu)越物質(zhì)條件的縮影,而風(fēng)雨就是嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí)。一旦年輕人開始尋求獨(dú)立并且接受來(lái)自現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的挑戰(zhàn),人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)被慣壞了,在困難面前無(wú)法足夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。

      總之,我們很有必要從這些發(fā)人深思的圖畫中得出積極的含義。只有經(jīng)歷更多的挑戰(zhàn)和磨練,年輕人才能培養(yǎng)強(qiáng)大的個(gè)性和能力,而且只有這樣他們才能成為這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)世界中的強(qiáng)者。

      6.引語(yǔ)評(píng)論:信任

      Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Maintaining Trust by commenting on the saying “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.As an old saying goes, “It takes years to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it.” Maintaining trust is the most important characteristic that a person requires to be successful in life.Only by consistently proving to be? honest can a person earn the precious trust of family members and business partners.On the one hand, a parents’ relationship with his children must be based on trust and integrity.If a father promises many times to take his son to a football match and cancels every time, his son will naturally lose begin to lose faith in his father’s words.On the other hand, in the business world, people with no trust sooner or later earn the bad reputation they deserve.I have observed how destructive a person’s dishonesty has been to his chances for success, and how his relationships with other people are purely superficial, based only on self-interest.Trust is a very valuable asset, which is easy to lose but hard to gain.In the long run, an honest person will have earned the love and respect of the people closest to them, which, in my opinion, is the greatest measure of a successful life.正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō),“建立信任需要很多年,但毀掉信任只需要幾秒鐘”。一個(gè)人若想人生有成,應(yīng)具備的最重要的特征就是保持信任。一個(gè)人只有堅(jiān)定不移地做到誠(chéng)實(shí),才能贏得家人和商業(yè)伙伴的寶貴信任。

      一方面,父母和孩子的關(guān)系必須建立在信任與誠(chéng)信的基礎(chǔ)上。如果一位父親多次許諾兒子會(huì)帶他去看足球比賽,結(jié)果每次都取消計(jì)劃,那么慢慢地,兒子自然就不再相信父親說(shuō)的話了。另一方面,在商界,沒有誠(chéng)信的人遲早會(huì)落個(gè)身敗名裂。我目睹了一個(gè)人用欺騙毀掉了自己成功的機(jī)會(huì),他與別人的關(guān)系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)是以個(gè)人利益為基礎(chǔ),因而純粹是膚淺的。

      信任是一份十分珍貴的財(cái)富,失去容易獲得難。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人將贏得周圍人的愛戴和尊敬。在我看來(lái),這就是衡量成功人生的最重要的尺度。

      7.引語(yǔ)評(píng)論:習(xí)慣

      Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.There is a saying that “Good habits result from resisting temptation”, to which I can’t agree more.Unfortunately, lack of determined will? and social experience, teenagers frequently fall into the traps of temptations such as Internet games, smoking, drinking, and so on.In a bid to form good habits, one needs a strong will and perseverance to resist temptation.Numerous examples can be given but these will suffice.The outstanding habit of reading classic literature on a regular basis? is a case in point.Nevertheless, you would definitely have to spend less time on your favorite Internet games or fascinating mobile phones.Likewise, the good habit of doing exercises every day means repeatedly dragging oneself away from the TV series and cozy couch.These cases effectively clarify that good habits arises from resisting temptation.As has been mentioned above?, a wise mind and determined will should be gradually cultivated so that the adolescents can resist various bad temptations and form excellent habits.Just as Oscar Wilde, an esteemed British novelist put it, “I can resist everything except temptation.”

      有句話說(shuō)“好的習(xí)慣來(lái)自于抵制誘惑”,我非常同意。不幸的是,年輕人缺乏堅(jiān)定的意志和社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn),總是陷入網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲、吸煙、喝酒等誘惑的陷阱。

      為了養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣,人們需要堅(jiān)定的意志和堅(jiān)持不懈來(lái)抵制誘惑。可以給出無(wú)數(shù)的例子,但下面這些例子足矣。經(jīng)常閱讀文學(xué)經(jīng)典的優(yōu)秀習(xí)慣就是其中之一。然而,你必須在心愛的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲或誘人的手機(jī)上花費(fèi)更少的時(shí)間。同樣,每天進(jìn)行鍛煉的良好習(xí)慣意味著日復(fù)一日強(qiáng)迫自己遠(yuǎn)離電視劇和舒適的沙發(fā)。這些例子清楚證明了好的習(xí)慣源于抵制誘惑。

      綜上所述,我們年輕人應(yīng)該逐漸培養(yǎng)明智的心態(tài)和堅(jiān)定的意志,以便抵制各種各樣不好的誘惑并形成良好的習(xí)慣。正如著名的英國(guó)作家奧斯卡王爾德所說(shuō):“除了誘惑,我都能抵制?!? 8.引語(yǔ)評(píng)論:幸福

      Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.” Why is difficult to define, or rather discover and achieve happiness? I maintain the major determinant lies in a person’s attitudes.There is little correlation? between the circumstance of people’s lives and how happy they are.Instead, happiness lies in the struggle to be happy.To demonstrate, people sometimes go to extremes?, and frantically pursue money, power, high social status, and so on, which are all symbols of success—but never of happiness.Perhaps if they shifted their life’s goal from ultimate success to unswerving efforts and to a confidence that they will be successful one day they would be a great deal happier.Besides defining it, how do I achieve happiness? There is little doubt that? various people have diverse ways of going about this task.As for me, the most significant secret is realizing that happiness is a by-product of something else.The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives a purpose.These can be anything from playing tennis to studying insects.The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience.正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō):“幸福并非沒有問題,而在于解決問題的能力”。為何很難定義、發(fā)現(xiàn)和獲得幸福?我認(rèn)為最重要的因素在于人們的態(tài)度。

      人們的生活環(huán)境和他們多么幸福之間沒什么關(guān)系。相反,幸福在于獲取幸福的奮斗之中。例如,人們有時(shí)候會(huì)走極端,瘋狂追求金錢、權(quán)利、很高的社會(huì)地位等等。這些都是成功的象征,但并非幸福的象征。也許如果他們把人生目標(biāo)從終極成功轉(zhuǎn)向未來(lái)他們必將成功的自信,他們將會(huì)更加幸福。

      除了定義幸福之外,我如何來(lái)獲取幸福?毫無(wú)疑問不同的人對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)有著迥然不同的方式。對(duì)我而言,最大的秘密就是認(rèn)識(shí)到幸福只是其他事情的一種副產(chǎn)品。最明顯的來(lái)源就是給予我們目標(biāo)的那些追求。這些追求可以使從打網(wǎng)球到研究昆蟲的任何事情。我們?cè)接屑で?,我們?cè)接锌赡芨惺艿叫腋!?/p>

      9.應(yīng)用文:書信

      Directions:

      You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

      1)detailed information about the books you want,2)methods of payment, 3)time and way of delivery

      Dear Sir or Madam,As I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM), I have decided to place an order of some NETEM books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books.Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service.Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2008.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

      尊敬的先生或女士:

      由于我計(jì)劃參加全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)考試,充分考慮到貴書店的良好聲譽(yù)和書籍的優(yōu)良品質(zhì),我決定訂購(gòu)一些考研英語(yǔ)書籍。

      首先,請(qǐng)給我關(guān)于這些書的書名、作者、出版社、價(jià)格的詳細(xì)信息。其次,我也想知道付款方式和售后服務(wù)。第三,我想知道您是否方便把這些書通過特快郵政專遞在2008年9月1日前送到北京新東方學(xué)校總部。

      非常感謝您好心考慮我的請(qǐng)求。期待著盡快得到您的答復(fù)。

      您真誠(chéng)的,李明

      10.應(yīng)用文:告示

      Directions:

      You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization.The notice should include the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice.Use “ postgraduate association ” instead.(10 points)

      Notice

      Volunteers are needed for the International Conference on Globalization to be held on this campus in early July.Basic requirements are familiarity with the theme of the conference and proficiency of English.Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability, familiarity with our city in terms of its tourist attractions and its history, proper manners, and sense of responsibility.Priority and preference will be given to those experienced, either in international conference or in other similar activities.Call 86754321 or send messages to postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn for an application and for information on the interview.Enquiries are encouraged but visits declined.The Postgraduate’s Association

      告示

      七月初將于本校舉行關(guān)于全球化的國(guó)際研討會(huì),現(xiàn)招募志愿者。基本要求是熟悉本次會(huì)議的主題以及精通英語(yǔ)。其他要求包括人際溝通能力、熟悉我市的景點(diǎn)及歷史,舉止適當(dāng)以及責(zé)任感。在國(guó)際會(huì)議或其他類似活動(dòng)中具有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)者優(yōu)先考慮。

      申請(qǐng)職位以及咨詢面試相關(guān)信息,請(qǐng)致電86754321或發(fā)送郵件到postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn。歡迎垂詢,謝絕來(lái)訪。

      研究生會(huì)

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.grant vt.授予,同意,準(zhǔn)予

      take for granted是固定表達(dá),為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ),指“將...看作理所當(dāng)然”,如to take nothing for granted(不把任何事物看作是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?。take sth for granted不可接賓語(yǔ)從句,一定要接時(shí),需在take后加it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

      We took it for granted that you knew the whole matter.我們以為你當(dāng)然是知道所有情況的。

      2.grand adj.宏偉的,壯麗的,重大的

      詞義辨析:big, large, great, grand

      big 常用詞,使用廣泛,較口語(yǔ)化。多指體積、重量或容量等方面的“大”,有時(shí)也用于描寫抽象之物。

      large 普通用詞,含義廣,指體積、面積、容量、數(shù)量以及程度等方面的大,具體或抽象意義均可用。

      great 普通用詞,可指具體東西的“大”,但更常指事物的重要,人的行為、品格的偉大等,帶一定的感情色彩。

      grand 側(cè)重指盛大、宏大的、有氣派。

      The Grand Design reached its rhetorical apogee.宏偉計(jì)劃達(dá)到口頭上的高潮。

      3.invade v.侵入,侵略,侵襲

      Wipe out any enemy who dares to invade our country.消滅任何膽敢來(lái)犯的敵人。

      The town was invaded by reporters.這個(gè)城市涌進(jìn)了大批記者。

      4.acid n.酸,酸性物質(zhì) adj.酸的;尖刻的

      acid rain 酸雨 acid test 酸性測(cè)試 acid jazz 迷幻爵士樂

      An acid solution is concentrated when it has very much acid in it.當(dāng)酸溶液里含有很多酸時(shí),它就被濃縮了。

      She uttered the phrase with acid sarcasm.她以辛辣的諷刺口吻說(shuō)這個(gè)詞。

      5.acknowledge v.承認(rèn);致謝

      詞義辨析:acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede

      acknowledge 通常指公開承認(rèn)某事的真實(shí)情況或自己的過錯(cuò)。

      admit 強(qiáng)調(diào)因外力或良心驅(qū)使或經(jīng)判斷而明確承認(rèn),多含不情愿或被迫意味。

      confess 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),著重承認(rèn)自己意識(shí)到的錯(cuò)誤或罪行,含坦白懺悔的意味。

      recognize 作“承認(rèn)”解時(shí),系書面用詞,主要指合法的或外交上的承認(rèn),也指公認(rèn)。

      concede 指在事實(shí)與證據(jù)面前勉強(qiáng)或不得不承認(rèn)。

      The critic should acknowledge the complexity and inherent ambiguity of the policymaker's choices.評(píng)論者應(yīng)該承認(rèn)決策者作出抉擇的復(fù)雜性及難以避免的缺乏鮮明性。

      We must not fail to acknowledge his services to the town.我們必須感謝他對(duì)本市的貢獻(xiàn)。

      6.balcony n.陽(yáng)臺(tái)

      As he came out on the balcony, she turned to him, her face alight.當(dāng)他走上涼臺(tái)時(shí),她轉(zhuǎn)向他,臉色開朗起來(lái)。

      I'm sorry, all the balcony seats are gone.抱歉,包廂的票都賣完了。

      7.calculate vt.計(jì)算,核算

      詞義辨析:calculate, count, compute, reckon

      calculate: 通常指要求細(xì)致精確和復(fù)雜的計(jì)算,以解決疑難問題,多用于自然科學(xué)、生產(chǎn)部門或要求專門計(jì)算的場(chǎng)合。

      count: 指逐一計(jì)算而得出總數(shù)。

      compute: 一般指已有數(shù)據(jù)的,較簡(jiǎn)單但數(shù)字長(zhǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算。

      reckon: 通常指較簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算,也可指心算。

      Engineers calculate the strains and stresses of a bridge.工程師們計(jì)算橋梁的受壓力度。

      8.calendar n.日歷,月歷

      A calendar hung against the wall.墻上掛著日歷。

      Our weather must not always be judged by the Calendar.我們的季節(jié)不能總是靠日歷來(lái)衡量。

      9.optimistic a.樂觀

      over-optimistic過于樂觀的optimistic estimate 樂觀估計(jì)

      It would be wrong of me to paint optimistic picture.如果我把情況說(shuō)得很樂觀,那就錯(cuò)了。

      10.optional a.可以任選的,非強(qiáng)制的

      optional word 任選字;隨意選擇字 optional stipulation 選擇性規(guī)定

      optional sampling 任意抽樣

      It is optional with you.悉聽尊便。

      If it is difficult to state definitely one or several ports, optional ports can be adopted.假如難以明確寫出一個(gè)或幾個(gè)港口,就可以采用選擇港這個(gè)辦法。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.bother v.打攪,麻煩

      bother…with/about…打擾或麻煩某人時(shí)

      Don' t bother about answering his letter.你不必回復(fù)他的信。

      2.interfere v.干涉,干擾,妨礙

      詞義辨析:interfere, intervene, meddle

      interfere 側(cè)重指無(wú)權(quán)或未獲允許而妨礙、阻擾、干涉他人之事。

      intervene 書面用詞,指介入爭(zhēng)端,進(jìn)行調(diào)停,也指干涉他人之事。

      meddle 指干預(yù)與自己毫不相關(guān)的事或不屬于自己職責(zé)范圍的事,隱含未經(jīng)許可或授權(quán)。可與interfere換用。

      I don't want to interfere with you, proceed with your work.我不想打擾你了,你繼續(xù)工作吧。

      3.internal a.內(nèi)部的,國(guó)內(nèi)的

      internal medicine 內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)

      詞義辨析:inner, inside, interior, internal, inward

      inner 含義廣泛,指事物中心或接近中心的部位,也可指內(nèi)心隱密的活動(dòng)。

      inside 多指處于某物內(nèi)部或靠近內(nèi)部,??膳cinner換用,可引申指內(nèi)幕的,秘密的。

      interior 指某物的內(nèi)部,尤指某物的內(nèi)側(cè),也可指內(nèi)地的或國(guó)內(nèi)的。

      internal 書面用詞,醫(yī)學(xué)上多用,指事物的內(nèi)部,也可指國(guó)內(nèi)的或內(nèi)政的。

      inward 指朝著中心或內(nèi)部方向的,側(cè)重方向而不是位置,也可指內(nèi)心隱密活動(dòng)。

      In our internal deliberations he spoke in favor of reducing defense expenditures.在內(nèi)部討論時(shí),他表示贊成削減軍事開支。

      4.beforehand ad.預(yù)先,事先

      be beforehand with 預(yù)先(提前)

      Get everything ready beforehand.事前將每一切事都準(zhǔn)備好。

      5.racial a.人種的;種族的

      racial prejudice 種族偏見 racial equality 種族平等 racial discrimination種族歧視

      He went on record as opposing racial discrimination.他公開表示反對(duì)種族歧視。

      6.radiation n.放射物,輻射

      radiation sickness 輻射病 gamma radiation 伽馬射線

      Radiation reached unheard-of levels.輻射作用已達(dá)到前所未有的程度。

      7.radical a.根本的;激進(jìn)的

      These developments have effected a radical change in social life.這些發(fā)展使社會(huì)生活發(fā)生了根本變化。

      A radical critic of society has turned into a High-Church reactionary.一個(gè)激進(jìn)的社會(huì)批評(píng)家變成了高教會(huì)派的反動(dòng)分子。

      8.range n.幅度,范圍 v.(在某范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)

      His reading covers a wide range of subjects.他閱讀的書籍涉及多種學(xué)科。

      Our conversation ranged over many topics.我們的談話涉及很多話題。

      9.wonder n.驚奇,奇跡 v.想知道,對(duì)...感到疑惑

      We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and to explore wonders.為了解答疑問和探索奇妙的自然,我們成為探險(xiǎn)家和科學(xué)家。

      I wonder if there are some balcony seats still available.不知道還有沒有包廂的位子?

      10.isolate vt.使隔離,使孤立

      詞義辨析:isolate, separate, segregate, insulate

      isolate 側(cè)重指完全分離、隔開,也指人或物處于完全孤立的狀態(tài)。

      separate 指一般意義上的分開或隔開。

      segregate 指把一群人或物從整體或主體中分離出來(lái)。

      insulate 指隔開、分離,尤指用某種東西阻擋從里面逃出或從外面進(jìn)入的東西。作技術(shù)用詞時(shí),專指用某種絕緣體隔斷通路。

      The patient should isolate from his child.這個(gè)病人必須立刻和他的孩子隔離。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.continuous a.繼續(xù)的,連續(xù)(不斷)的

      詞義辨析:continuous, continual, successive, constant, persistent

      continuous: 語(yǔ)意最強(qiáng),強(qiáng)調(diào)在時(shí)間和空間上沒有間斷。

      continual: 強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)或持續(xù)發(fā)生,但連續(xù)之間允許有間斷。

      successive: 強(qiáng)調(diào)事物一個(gè)接一個(gè)地發(fā)生,無(wú)間斷。

      constant: 多指習(xí)慣性的重復(fù)和不變的持續(xù)。

      persistent: 普通用詞,可指不懈的努力,也可指任何連續(xù)不斷或重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的事物。

      Orchard programmes need continuous detailed attention.種子園工作要求持續(xù)和細(xì)心料理。

      2.continual a.不斷地,頻繁的

      The country suffered from a continual brain drain because of bad economy.那個(gè)國(guó)家因經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣,人才不斷外流。

      3.explode v.爆炸;爆發(fā);激增

      Many boys explode firecrackers on the Lantern Festival.許多男孩在元霄燈節(jié)燃放鞭炮。

      Investment in technology stocks exploded in the 1990s.二十世紀(jì)九十年代的,對(duì)科技股票的投資迅速增加。

      4.exploit v.剝削;利用,開采

      The capitalists exploit the workers in order to maximize profits.資本家剝削工人是為了使利潤(rùn)最大化。

      Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience.電視廣告商能利用被動(dòng)觀眾。

      We are trying to exploit the oil under the sea.我們正設(shè)法從海底開采石油。

      5.explore v.勘探

      Scientists have been conducting laboratory experiments for 20 years to explore this possibility.科學(xué)工作者為探索這種可能性已經(jīng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行了20年的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

      6.explosion n.爆炸;爆發(fā);激增

      Our deterrent weapons are guarded against accidental explosion or use.我們的威懾武器都有人守衛(wèi),防范意外爆炸或使用。

      The explosion of oil prices caused an economical crisis.石油價(jià)格的急劇上漲引起了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。

      7.explosive a.爆炸的;極易引起爭(zhēng)論的

      The most impressive volcanic phenomena are explosive eruptions.最令人難忘的火山現(xiàn)象是爆炸噴發(fā)。

      The question of race today is an explosive one.種族問題在今天是一個(gè)會(huì)引起激烈爭(zhēng)論的問題。

      8.remote a.遙遠(yuǎn)的,偏僻的

      The most remote two points in this world are two estranged hearts.人世間相距最遠(yuǎn)的兩點(diǎn),是兩顆隔膜的心。

      Mail comes to this remote village only once a week.郵車每周只到這個(gè)偏僻的村莊一次。

      9.removal n.除去,消除

      Our ultimate objective is the removal of all nuclear weapons.我們的最終目標(biāo)是消除所有核武器。

      10.render vt.使得,致使

      render up 放棄(讓與)render a bill 開帳單render service 提供服務(wù)

      His back injury had rendered him unfit for work.他的背傷使他無(wú)法勝任這份工作。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.coach n.教練;長(zhǎng)途公共汽車

      The coach is bringing on some girls in the reserve team.教練正教導(dǎo)預(yù)備隊(duì)的女孩們練球。

      The coach was full, so a relief was put on.長(zhǎng)途汽車已滿員,所以增開了一輛。

      2.code n.準(zhǔn)則,法規(guī),密碼

      Managers are expected to comply with the company's code of conduct.希望經(jīng)理能夠遵守公司的行為準(zhǔn)則。

      The Highway Code has been carried.公路法規(guī)已經(jīng)被執(zhí)行。

      Deciphering the first code is the most difficult step.破譯第一個(gè)密碼是最困難的一步。

      3.coil n.線圈 v.卷,盤繞

      The birds are entangled in the coil of a net.鳥被纏在網(wǎng)圈里了。

      The snake coiled itself around the tree.蛇盤繞在樹上。

      4.adult n.成年人

      詞義辨析:adult, grown-up, mature

      adult: 一般指生理上的童年期已結(jié)束,達(dá)到法定年齡。

      grown-up: 多用于口語(yǔ),含義與adult基本相同,但更側(cè)重脫離兒童階段,已成大人,與childish意思相反。

      mature: 用于生物時(shí),指完全長(zhǎng)好了。用于人時(shí),指達(dá)到了生命的黃金時(shí)期,但所暗示的青少年和成年之間的界限不明顯。

      These films are suitable for adults only.這些電影只適宜成人觀看。

      5.advertise v.為...做廣告

      advertise for 用廣告征求

      It was time to advertise our cause instead of our cars.當(dāng)時(shí)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是我們的事業(yè)可不是為我們的汽車進(jìn)行廣告宣傳。

      6.advertisement n.廣告

      advertisement matter 廣告郵件 advertisement tax 廣告稅

      A lot of people replied to our advertisement.有許多人對(duì)我們的廣告作出了反應(yīng)。

      7.agency n.代理商,經(jīng)銷商

      Do you mean to say that if we entrust you with the agency, you will sell$1,000, 000 each year?

      你的意思是說(shuō)如果我們指定你們?yōu)榇恚銓⒚磕赇N售100萬(wàn)美元?

      I work in a tourist agency.我在一家旅行社工作。

      8.focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦點(diǎn),中心,聚焦

      He focused the sun's rays on the paper with a burning glass.他用取火鏡使太陽(yáng)光聚集在紙上。

      He always wants to be the focus of attention.他總想成為注意力的焦點(diǎn)。

      9.forbid vt.不許,禁止

      Smoking is forbidden in this office.這間辦公室禁止吸煙。

      10.debate n./v.辯論,爭(zhēng)論

      詞義辨析:debate, argue, quarrel, dispute

      debate: 側(cè)重指意見等對(duì)立的雙方之間正式或公開的爭(zhēng)辯

      argue: 指提出理由或證據(jù)為自己或自己一方的看法或立場(chǎng)辯護(hù),著重說(shuō)理、論證和企圖說(shuō)服

      quarrel: 指兩人之間或兩個(gè)團(tuán)體之間不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大聲爭(zhēng)論某事,尤指“吵嘴、吵架”

      dispute: 側(cè)重對(duì)分歧進(jìn)行激烈或熱烈的爭(zhēng)論或爭(zhēng)辯,帶一定感情色彩,常隱含“各持已見”或“爭(zhēng)論不休”意味

      After a long debate the bill was passed.經(jīng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的辯論,議案獲得通過。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.virtue n.美德,優(yōu)點(diǎn)

      Fidelity to engagement is a virtue.信守諾言是一種美德。

      Meekness is a virtue he appreciates in his wife.溫順是他所欣賞的妻子的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一。

      2.virtual a.實(shí)際上的,事實(shí)上的

      A virtual state of war exists between the two countries.這兩國(guó)間實(shí)際上處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。

      3.orient vt.使適應(yīng),(to, toward)使朝向 n.東方

      I need some time to orient my thinking.我需要一些時(shí)間來(lái)使我的思想適應(yīng)。

      They love paintings from the Orient.他們喜歡來(lái)自東方的繪畫。

      4.moisture n.潮濕

      The plants absorb moisture from the soil.植物從土壤中吸取水分。

      5.promote vt.促進(jìn);提升

      They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.他們討論如何促進(jìn)兩國(guó)間的合作。

      He has been promoted to general manager.他已被提升為總經(jīng)理。

      6.region n.地區(qū);范圍;幅度

      I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.我想北極地區(qū)的人要比這里的少得多。

      The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly.火山爆發(fā)處附近已迅速撤空。

      7.register v./n.登記,注冊(cè)

      You must register as a member first.你必須先注冊(cè)成為會(huì)員。

      No register of his death was found.沒有查到他的死亡記錄。

      8.stable a.穩(wěn)定的

      Markets are flourishing and prices are stable.市場(chǎng)繁榮, 物價(jià)穩(wěn)定。

      9.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老練的;很復(fù)雜的

      She is such a sophisticated woman that she saw through his trick at the first sight.她是個(gè)十分老練的女人,她一眼就看穿了他的把戲。

      The publisher's techniques for the promotion of his books have become increasingly sophisticated since the 1950s.自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),出版商推銷書籍的方式愈加復(fù)雜。

      10.splendid a.極好的,壯麗的,輝煌的

      My kid sister has a splendid memory.我小妹記憶力極好。

      The royal couple appeared in splendid array.王室伉儷身穿盛裝出現(xiàn)。

      We won another splendid victory.我們又贏得了輝煌的勝利。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.domestic a.本國(guó)的,國(guó)內(nèi)的;家用的;家庭的

      Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil.華盛頓作出的反應(yīng)是凍結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)的石油價(jià)格。

      My value for domestic tranquility should much exceed theirs.我應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)比他們重視家庭的平靜生活。

      2.constant a.不變的,恒定的 n.常數(shù)

      In our world nothing seems constant.在我們這個(gè)世界上似乎沒有東西是永恒不變的。

      The speed of light is an important constant.光速是一個(gè)重要的常數(shù)。

      3.cliff n.懸崖,峭壁

      The sea had undermined the cliff.海水侵蝕了懸崖的基部。

      4.authority n.權(quán)威;當(dāng)局

      We see him as an authority on the subject.我們把他看作為這方面的權(quán)威。

      The new building must be financed by the local authority.新大樓的建筑資金必須由地方當(dāng)局提供。

      5.audio a.聽覺

      Students is very interested in the audio-visual instruction.學(xué)生們對(duì)視聽教學(xué)非常感興趣。

      6.attitude n.態(tài)度

      attitude后常接towards/to,指“對(duì)于……的態(tài)度,看法”,如her attitude towards/to the question(她對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法)。

      值得注意的是,因上面例子中的賓語(yǔ)是question,有時(shí)候可以用on代替to,如her attitude on the question。

      She shows a very positive attitude to her work.她工作態(tài)度非常積極。

      7.community n.社區(qū),社會(huì)

      Everyone should invest some time in community service.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該花些時(shí)間在社區(qū)服務(wù)上。

      The welfare of the community is the same as the welfare of its members.社會(huì)的福利就等于其成員的福利。

      8.commit vt.犯(錯(cuò)誤,罪行等),干(壞事等)

      commit oneself to doing something 使自己不得免于

      They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他們對(duì)無(wú)辜的市民犯下了暴行。

      9.comment n./vt.評(píng)論

      He made no comments on our proposal.他對(duì)我們的建議沒有作評(píng)論。

      He commented that it was an excellent film.他評(píng)論這電影很精彩。

      10.distinguish vt.區(qū)分,辨別

      詞義辨析:distinguish, discern, discriminate

      distinguish: 普通用詞,指辨別者的能力或?qū)嶋H觀察到的區(qū)別,強(qiáng)調(diào)辨別所需的技巧。

      discern: 語(yǔ)義較籠統(tǒng),著重精深與準(zhǔn)確的觀察力,不一定有能力辨別關(guān)系密切的各項(xiàng)事物。

      discriminate: 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng),指從十分相似的事物中辨出差異,尤其把好壞區(qū)分開來(lái)。

      Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.人類和動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于人會(huì)說(shuō)話。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.vivid a.生動(dòng)的

      詞義辨析:vivid, lively, pictorial, picturesque

      vivid: 普通用詞,側(cè)重有強(qiáng)烈的實(shí)際感或逼真感,使人富于想象或留下深刻的印象

      lively: 普通用詞,與vivid可通用 pictorial: 強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)生或制造生動(dòng)的效果

      picturesque: 既指景色、人物等猶如圖畫般美麗,又可指文藝作品的風(fēng)格絢麗多彩,尤指一種原始粗獷的美

      Dickens'novels are full of vivid characterization.狄更斯的小說(shuō)中充滿了栩栩如生的人物形象。

      2.vocabulary n.詞匯(量);詞匯表

      That if your vocabulary is limited your chances of success are limited.如果你的詞匯量不大,你成功的機(jī)會(huì)也就不多。

      3.venture n.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目v.冒險(xiǎn);取于

      The hi-tech industry attracts much venture capital.高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)吸引著許多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資。

      Don't venture into the jungle without a guide.如果沒有向?qū)?就不要冒險(xiǎn)到森林里去。

      4.version n.版本,譯本;說(shuō)法

      The new version of this dictionary is not in use yet.這本字典的新版本還未通行。

      The book was translated into many versions and sold all over the world.這本書被翻譯成多種譯文并行銷全球。

      The two newspapers gave different versions of what happened.兩家報(bào)紙對(duì)發(fā)生的事說(shuō)法不一。

      5.waist n.腰,腰部

      If the skirt is too big, we can take in the waist.要是裙子太大了,我們可以把腰部收緊一些。

      6.weld v./n.焊接

      Weld abandoned tools onto the wheel.把廢棄的工具焊接上車輪。

      His job is to weld parts together.他的工作是焊接零件。

      7.yawn vi.打哈欠

      His long boring story made me yawn.他的冗長(zhǎng)的故事聽得我直打呵欠。

      8.yield vi.(to)屈服于;讓出,放棄 n.產(chǎn)量

      We' ve already made it clear that we will not yield to pressure.我們已經(jīng)表明我們不會(huì)屈服于壓力。

      Wheat yields doubled last year.去年小麥產(chǎn)量翻了一番。

      9.zone n.地區(qū),區(qū)域

      The Norwegians live in a comparatively cold zone.挪威人生活在比較寒冷的地區(qū)。

      10.strategy n.戰(zhàn)略,策略

      He is an expert in military strategy.他是軍事戰(zhàn)略專家。

      The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy's resistance.這一策略旨在逐步削弱敵人的抵抗力。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.emphasize vt.強(qiáng)調(diào),著重

      We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.我們?cè)僭鯓訌?qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)英文的重要性也不為過。

      I would like to emphasize that we are ready to meet the management at any time.我想著重指出,我們?cè)敢庠谌魏螘r(shí)候與管理部門會(huì)談。

      2.emotion n.情感,感情

      Love, joy, hate, fear and grief are all emotions.愛、喜、恨、懼、悲都是情感。

      3.emotional a.感情的,情緒(上)的

      They offer each other emotional support.他們相互提供感情上的支持。

      She had a major emotional upset.她情緒上受到了沉重的打擊。

      4.awful a.極壞的,威嚴(yán)的,可怕的

      It would be awful if he found out the truth.如果他發(fā)現(xiàn)了真相,那就糟了。

      5.awkward a.笨拙的,別扭的

      He seemed as awkward and rough as ever.他跟從前一樣拙笨和粗魯。

      The heavy axe was awkward to use.這把重斧頭不好用。

      6.clue n.線索,提示

      They are now trying to chase down all possible clues.他們現(xiàn)在正在設(shè)法尋找一切可能的線索。

      I gave him another clue, but he still didn't twig the answer.我又提示他一次,他還是不理解那答案。

      7.collision n.碰撞,沖突

      The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker.據(jù)報(bào)道,這艘客輪與一艘油輪相撞。

      The Government and the unions are on a collision course.政府和工會(huì)必將發(fā)生沖突。

      8.device n.裝置,設(shè)備

      The data logger device has been fitted to ship's engine room.數(shù)字記錄儀裝置已安裝在船只的機(jī)艙里。

      The printer is the most commonly used output device after the monitor.打印機(jī)是除顯示器外最常用的輸出設(shè)備。

      9.devise vt.發(fā)明,策劃,想出

      詞義辨析:devise, conceive, formulate

      devise: 側(cè)重設(shè)計(jì)的臨時(shí)性和權(quán)宜性,并隱含有更多的設(shè)想可用

      conceive: 強(qiáng)調(diào)在制定計(jì)劃之前的先有設(shè)想構(gòu)思

      formulate: 與conceive相反,指在devise之后的具體設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)

      He devised a new type of transistor.他發(fā)明了一種新的晶體管。

      The government devised a scheme for redeveloping the city center.政府制定了市中心重建計(jì)劃。

      10.inevitable a.不可避免的

      An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.爭(zhēng)論是不可避免的,因?yàn)樗麄儽舜朔浅拹骸?/p>

      It is gradually borne in on us that defeat be inevitable.我們漸漸地認(rèn)識(shí)到失敗是不可避免的。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.professional a.職業(yè)的,專門的

      Don't wear those clothes to work;try to look more professional!

      別穿這些衣服去工作,要穿得象個(gè)專業(yè)人員的樣子。

      He is a professional journalist.他是一位專門的新聞從業(yè)人員。

      2.secure a.安全的,可靠的

      If you are not sure it is secure, do not debug it.如果您不能確定它是安全的,請(qǐng)不要調(diào)試它。

      His place in history is now secure.他在歷史上的地位現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)穩(wěn)固了。

      3.security n.安全,保障

      I'll undertake for your security.我將保證你的安全。

      Our own actions are our security.我們的行為是自己的保證。

      4.scratch v./n.抓,搔,扒

      The dog is scratching at the door.狗正在抓門。

      He pretended to scratch his ear.他假裝搔耳朵。

      There's a scratch on the side of my car.我的汽車側(cè)面有一道劃痕。

      5.talent n.才能,天資;人才

      Her talents are well known.人人都知道她很有才干。

      My sister has a talent for music.我妹妹有音樂天賦。

      What they need most is managerial talent.他們最需要的是管理人才。

      6.insurance n.保險(xiǎn),保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

      He works in an insurance company.他在一家保險(xiǎn)公司上班。

      I have paid my car insurance.我已經(jīng)交了汽車保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。

      7.insure vt.給...保險(xiǎn),保證,確保

      I want to insure my residence.我要為自己的住宅保險(xiǎn)。

      His talent and dedication will insure his success.他的才氣和執(zhí)著將確保他成功。

      8.nevertheless ad.仍然,然而,不過

      Despite his injured ankle, he nevertheless succeeded in gaining the final against Germany.盡管踝骨受傷,他仍然打入了與德國(guó)隊(duì)的決賽。

      Nevertheless as an exceptional measure, we have decided to overlook its late submission.46

      然而,作為一項(xiàng)特別措施,我們決定不計(jì)較逾期問題。

      We can't take your advice.Nevertheless, thank you for putting it.我們不能接受您的建議。不過,謝謝您提出來(lái)。

      9.neutral a.中立的,中性的

      That country remained neutral in the war.那個(gè)國(guó)家在那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中保持中立。

      He has a rather neutral character.他品性平平。

      10.spot n.地點(diǎn);斑點(diǎn)vt.認(rèn)出,發(fā)現(xiàn);玷污

      This is the spot where the two trucks collided.這兒就是兩輛卡車相撞的地點(diǎn)。

      All apples with soft spots were rejected.所有帶軟斑點(diǎn)的蘋果都被剔除。

      She spotted her friend in the crowd.她在人群中認(rèn)出了她的朋友。

      The scandal spotted his character.那件丑聞玷污了他的人格。

      2017年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯盤點(diǎn)

      1.infer v.推論,推斷

      We can infer the meaning of the word in the context.47

      我們可以從上下文中推斷這個(gè)詞的含義。

      2.integrate v.(into, with)(使)成為一體,(使)合并

      The Message Board tool is an easy tool to integrate into daily school life.留言板是一種非常方便的工具,可以將其整合到日常學(xué)校生活中。

      I learn quickly.I integrate disparate concepts with relative ease.我學(xué)習(xí)速度很快,我能將完全不同的概念毫不費(fèi)力地結(jié)合在一起。

      3.moist a.潮濕

      This gave a warm and moist feeling to the picture.這樣讓整張畫有了些溫暖和潮濕的感覺。

      4.moisture n.潮濕

      If you air your quilt on such a wet day, it'll soak up the moisture.如果在這么潮濕的天曬被子,被子就會(huì)把濕氣都吸去。

      5.promote vt.促進(jìn);提升

      They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.他們討論如何促進(jìn)兩國(guó)間的合作。

      He has been promoted to general manager.他已被提升為總經(jīng)理。

      6.region n.地區(qū);范圍;幅度

      I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.我想北極地區(qū)的人要比這里的少得多。

      The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly.火山爆發(fā)處附近已迅速撤空。

      These small spiced cakes are a peculiarity of the region.這些別有風(fēng)味的小蛋糕是該地的特產(chǎn)。

      7.register v./n.登記,注冊(cè)

      You must register if you intend to vote.如果你要投票選舉,你就必須登記。

      No register of his death was found.沒有查到他的死亡記錄。

      8.stable a.穩(wěn)定的

      In order that our country could flourish and achieve its own goals, a stable environment within the country is definitely not dispensable.國(guó)家要發(fā)展,要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo),這是必不可少的條件,就是要國(guó)內(nèi)有安定環(huán)境。

      9.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老練的;很復(fù)雜的

      I'd rather deal with a simple man than a sophisticated man.我寧愿與純樸的人打交道,不愿與世故的人交往。

      She is such a sophisticated woman that she saw through his trick at the first sight.她是個(gè)十分老練的女人,她一眼就看穿了他的把戲。

      The publisher's techniques for the promotion of his books have become increasingly sophisticated since the 1950s.自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),出版商推銷書籍的方式愈加復(fù)雜。

      10.splendid a.極好的,壯麗的,輝煌的

      My kid sister has a splendid memory.我小妹記憶力極好。

      The royal couple appeared in splendid array.王室伉儷身穿盛裝出現(xiàn)。

      We won another splendid victory.我們又贏得了輝煌的勝利。

      六級(jí)閱讀理解??荚~組(一)1.turn down 關(guān)小,調(diào)低;拒絕

      2.turn in 交還,上交;上床睡覺

      3.take up with 與…成朋友

      4.take up 開始從事;把…繼續(xù)下去;著手處理;占去,占據(jù);(on)接受邀請(qǐng)

      第四篇:考前必背的漢譯英

      1你們沒有必要為了買哪輛車而爭(zhēng)論

      You don’t have to___________________________________________________________ 2昨天,這位年輕人被指控闖入他人的住宅

      Yesterday the young man ______________________________________others’ flat.3昨晚,屋外的噪音吵得我睡不著

      The noise outside___________________________________ last night.最后一次看見那個(gè)人的時(shí)候,他正要強(qiáng)行闖入一家商店。

      The man was___________________________________ a shop.韓梅寧愿再等兩個(gè)小時(shí)也不愿意叫醒他母親。

      Han Mei ________________________________________rather than wake up her mother6 她很隨和,和別人相處融洽。

      It’s easy-going of her ____________________________________________.7每個(gè)人都必須積極參與節(jié)約用水。這是我們保護(hù)地球的一種方式。

      Everyone must ________________________saving water.It’s a way of protecting our earth8臺(tái)灣島上美麗的風(fēng)景每年都吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的大量游客。

      The beautiful scenery on Taiwan Island _____________________________________ from all over the world every year.他打開電腦卻發(fā)現(xiàn)三分之二的信息已經(jīng)不見。

      He started the computer but found that ___________________________________________.10 看這本書使我想起了我的童年。

      ___________________________________________________________ my childhood.11 把煩惱埋藏在心底會(huì)讓事情變得更糟糕。

      _______________________________can make things worse.那位天才演員將永遠(yuǎn)被全世界影迷牢記。

      The talented actor will _______________________________________________for ever 13 騰出足夠的地方

      __________________________________

      14戴維曾一度被認(rèn)為是一位勇敢的男生。

      David ___________________________________________a brave boy.非常感謝您給我們提供如此多的有用建議。

      Thank you very much ____________________________________________________ 16你拒絕他的建議是多么愚蠢啊

      How ____________________________________________his advice!<<1942>> 這么電影不適合各個(gè)年齡層次的觀眾。

      The film BACK TO 1942 _____________________________________.18暴風(fēng)雪讓許多人無(wú)法及時(shí)回家

      A lot of people __________________________ in time because of the snow storm.他們面臨的人物看起來(lái)演員超出了他們的能力

      The tasks the faced________________________________________.我們推斷他的車在路上拋錨了

      We supposed ______________________________________ on the way.看起來(lái)更有吸引力

      __________________________________他為何談了那么多關(guān)于自己的愛好方面的情況。

      What __________________________________________his hobbies?在警察趕到那之前,可怕的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生。

      _________________________________________before the police arrived there.昨晚的暴風(fēng)雪把許多人車輛都給困住了。

      Many cars _____________________________________ last night.那些年輕人已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了忙忙碌碌的生活。

      Those young people have ____________________________busy.26當(dāng)我回到辦公室時(shí),他們說(shuō)有我的電話。

      The told me that I _____________________________ when I got back to my office.組織這個(gè)活動(dòng)是為了募集錢來(lái)幫助那些無(wú)家可歸的人。

      The event is ______________________________________for helping the homeless.27我們仔細(xì)的將這兒的空氣和無(wú)錫的空氣污染做了比較。

      We carefully __________________________________________ in Wuxi.她把她的余生都奉獻(xiàn)給了幫助世界不同地區(qū)的貧困兒童。

      ___________________________________________________.取得了這么大的進(jìn)步

      ______________________________________________父母總是懷疑我是否在玩游戲上花了很多時(shí)間。

      My parents always ________________________________________computer games.31 我不知道機(jī)器人將會(huì)對(duì)我們未來(lái)的生活來(lái)來(lái)怎樣的變化

      I don’t know what changes robots ______________________________

      電腦用的太多而導(dǎo)致他視力差

      ___________________________________________his poor eyesight.33 昨天的大會(huì)選舉誰(shuí)做新的學(xué)生會(huì)主席?

      Who _____________________of the Students’ Union at yesterday’s meeting?

      保持生態(tài)平衡

      ______________________________________

      每天早上,人們可以看見一群群老人在公園進(jìn)行晨練。

      Every morning groups _______________________________________doing morning exercises in the park.36他對(duì)攝影尤其感興趣

      He is ________________________________________________________________.37 為什么比讓孩子多睡點(diǎn)?

      Why not _____________________________________.38 學(xué)英語(yǔ)的最好辦法就是盡可能多說(shuō)。

      The best way to learn English is to ________________________________________

      那位影星希望在度假的時(shí)候不被打擾。

      The film star wants to _________________________________ when he is on holiday.40 老師的話使他們立刻振奮起來(lái)

      What the teacher said _________________________________________.41 只花了三天的時(shí)間破案

      _________________________________________________________

      在他被授予這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)牌之前,他已經(jīng)在二十多部電影中出演。

      ____________________________________________________________________________

      43現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)在我市大多數(shù)學(xué)校里被廣泛使用。

      Today, computers ___________________________________________ of our city.44 他的房間太亂,沒有人想進(jìn)去。

      His room is _________________________________________that nobody wants to enter it.45 由于過重的作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)

      ___________________________________________________________________________ 46這部影片向我們展示了二十世紀(jì)九十年代上海的面貌

      This film shows us what _____________________________________________

      為什么孩子喜歡玩機(jī)器人?

      _____________________________________________________________________ 48比起那些襯衫來(lái),他和父母都更喜歡棉質(zhì)的。

      Not only his parents tut also he _______________________________________to those ones.49無(wú)錫是欣賞農(nóng)村美麗風(fēng)光的好地方

      ____________________________________________________________________________ 50以前老師把我們分成四人小組來(lái)討論數(shù)學(xué)問題

      We ____________________________________by the teacher to discuss Maths problems 51 我們的班長(zhǎng)考試中常得滿分,但他行不炫耀。

      Our monitor often __________________in exams ,but he never ________________________.52 那個(gè)舞蹈演員一直擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)胖。

      The dancer _______________________________________getting fat.53 她習(xí)慣于和工作中遇到的各種各樣的人打交道。

      She______________________________________________ all kinds of people in her job.54 成龍已經(jīng)在多部武打片中成功地扮演了主角

      Jackie Chan has already ___________________________________________________ 55我認(rèn)為女孩子們算出這些數(shù)學(xué)題目不會(huì)有困難。

      I___________________________________________________ these math problems.56 目前許多年輕人靠自己買不起婚房

      A lot of young people ___________________________________on their own at present.

      第五篇:申論考前必背資料

      申論考前必背資料

      (本備考資料包括四部分內(nèi)容:申論文章必背10大開頭和10大結(jié)尾、申論文章必背20條名言警句、申論文章分論點(diǎn)工整句式、申論??紤?yīng)用文類型及新題型預(yù)測(cè)。各位同學(xué)在考前加深理解記憶,在考試中靈活運(yùn)用。預(yù)祝各位同學(xué)順利成“公”?。?/p>

      一、申論文章必背10大開頭和10大結(jié)尾

      (一)開頭

      1.制造業(yè)振興

      縱觀世界各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程,大工業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)了日不落帝國(guó)的輝煌,工業(yè)產(chǎn)品充斥全球見證了美利堅(jiān)的崛起,制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)步成就了所謂的日本奇跡,經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)的興起無(wú)一不是依靠制造業(yè)的崛起,沒有強(qiáng)大的制造業(yè)做支撐,就不可能有經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)和強(qiáng)國(guó)。在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)的今天,重振中國(guó)制造業(yè),意義深遠(yuǎn)。

      2.民族品牌

      品牌就是質(zhì)量,品牌就是效益,品牌就是生命力。在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展日趨深化的今天,品牌對(duì)于企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展的重要性不言而喻,品牌戰(zhàn)略已成為眾多知名企業(yè)在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地的法寶。品牌之于企業(yè),是樹立形象、提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵;品牌之于民族,是彰顯風(fēng)貌、爭(zhēng)取立足之地的法寶。

      3.“空心村”現(xiàn)象 孟子云:“老吾老以及人之老,幼吾幼以及人之幼。”近年來(lái)一系列的留守悲劇讓人不忍正視。將心比心,著實(shí)揪心?!翱招拇濉眴栴}既是當(dāng)今社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型中的一個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié),更是一種陣痛。孔子云:“父母在,不遠(yuǎn)游,游必有方?!闭l(shuí)也不愿背井離鄉(xiāng),骨肉分離,龐大的留守兒童及空巢老人組成的空心村,折射出現(xiàn)實(shí)的嚴(yán)峻,凸顯出整治“空心村”工作的緊迫性。

      4.政府誠(chéng)信

      “夫婦有恩矣,不誠(chéng)則離”,夫妻之間只有講誠(chéng)信,才能和睦相處;“與朋友交,言而有信”,朋友之間只有坦誠(chéng)相待,才能推心置腹,結(jié)成君子之交。子曰:“人而無(wú)信,不知其可也?!闭\(chéng)信,是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德,是立人之本;沒有誠(chéng)信的人,終無(wú)立足之地。同理,政府無(wú)信不威,國(guó)家無(wú)信不強(qiáng)。政府誠(chéng)信是社會(huì)誠(chéng)信的核心與關(guān)鍵,它引導(dǎo)著公眾的誠(chéng)信精神,對(duì)構(gòu)建誠(chéng)信社會(huì)起著極大的示范作用。

      5.發(fā)展新能源

      杰里米·里夫金曾說(shuō)過,“人類社會(huì)歷史上,曾經(jīng)有很多技術(shù)革命,但是仔細(xì)分析,只有能源來(lái)源及使用方式的根本性改變,才能整體上改變?nèi)祟惖慕?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)面貌,才是根本的革命?!边@句話揭示了能源革命的重要地位。當(dāng)前,第三次工業(yè)革命浪潮洶涌澎湃,我國(guó)也應(yīng)順勢(shì)而為,積極發(fā)展新能源,引領(lǐng)能源革命,發(fā)揮其對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的全方位帶動(dòng)作用。

      6.建筑垃圾資源化 不知何時(shí)起,“床底松聲萬(wàn)壑哀”已成了詩(shī)頁(yè)間的舊夢(mèng),即使是在月夜里醒來(lái),耳畔回蕩的也只剩下施工工地傳來(lái)的陣陣轟鳴。不知何時(shí)起,“開窗放進(jìn)大江來(lái)”已成了記憶里的背影,也許大江依舊,但推窗映入眼簾的卻只剩下垃圾成山。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的持續(xù)加速,新建筑不斷拔地而起,然而這繁華背后卻是越來(lái)越棘手的建筑垃圾污染問題。解決建筑垃圾污染問題,要走綠色施工道路,變廢為寶,點(diǎn)石成金,大力發(fā)展建筑垃圾資源化。

      7.環(huán)境治理 黑格爾說(shuō):“當(dāng)人類歡呼對(duì)自然的勝利之時(shí),也就是自然對(duì)人類懲罰的開始。”當(dāng)我們自以為征服自然時(shí),霧霾席卷而來(lái),污水肆意橫流,國(guó)人的治污期盼無(wú)比強(qiáng)烈。然而歷經(jīng)環(huán)境變遷、社會(huì)發(fā)展,昔日的環(huán)保法責(zé)任主體設(shè)定不足,責(zé)任內(nèi)容制定缺乏,已然難堪治污大任。此時(shí),新環(huán)保法“利劍出鞘”,劃開了環(huán)保執(zhí)法動(dòng)真格的大幕。

      8.民族和時(shí)代精神 精神的力量是強(qiáng)大的,一塊任何人也無(wú)法撬動(dòng)的萬(wàn)斤巨石,一顆野草的種子卻可以從它的縫隙中生根發(fā)芽,最終使它迸裂。堅(jiān)韌不拔,愚公面對(duì)的山可以移動(dòng);眾志成城,猝然襲來(lái)的地震可以抗御。愚公移山靠的是迎難而上、持之以恒的精神,抗震英雄靠的是英勇無(wú)畏、團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作的精神,奧運(yùn)冠軍靠的是頑強(qiáng)拼搏、力爭(zhēng)上游的精神,無(wú)論哪一種精神,都體現(xiàn)了民族精神和時(shí)代精神的精髓,鼓舞著我們?cè)诟母飫?chuàng)新的道路上不懈進(jìn)取。

      9.簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)

      大到一個(gè)工業(yè)項(xiàng)目,小到一紙入學(xué)證明,“辦事難”成為眾多國(guó)人心聲,而環(huán)境污染、食品安全等“沒人管”問題也頻現(xiàn)報(bào)端??v觀當(dāng)今社會(huì),在利益分布密集處,不難見到政府“閑不住的手”;而在環(huán)保、食品、等責(zé)任密集處,卻又總是遭遇政府責(zé)任缺位。轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,推動(dòng)行政體制改革,核心就在于權(quán)力的劃分和責(zé)任的擔(dān)當(dāng)。

      10.提升國(guó)民素養(yǎng)

      李娜的玩笑和直率,讓西方人折服;姚明的幽默,可以讓奧巴馬在一次致辭中展望中美關(guān)系時(shí),引用“小巨人”的話。但是隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,偉人和名人代表中國(guó)對(duì)外進(jìn)行交流的時(shí)代正在離我們遠(yuǎn)去。這是個(gè)平民時(shí)代,這是個(gè)公民時(shí)代,這是個(gè)網(wǎng)民時(shí)代。國(guó)家形象寫在每個(gè)普通中國(guó)人的臉上,我們每個(gè)人都是文化的傳播者。國(guó)民有較高的人文素質(zhì),國(guó)家的名片才能亮眼。

      (二)結(jié)尾

      1.創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)

      創(chuàng)新是對(duì)真理的探索,是對(duì)夢(mèng)想的追求。從四大發(fā)明到雜交水稻,自古以來(lái),中國(guó)人民從不缺乏創(chuàng)新精神。在全面深化改革的新時(shí)期,黨和政府更是作出了實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重大部署。我們要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新軟環(huán)境,呵護(hù)萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新之花盛開,在科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的大時(shí)代中書寫中國(guó)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的新篇章。

      2.民族品牌

      著名畫家齊白石曾言,“學(xué)我者生,似我者死”。一代文化大師也是在提醒世人:創(chuàng)造屬于自己的民族品牌,而不能一味地模仿。在學(xué)習(xí)中要體現(xiàn)個(gè)性與價(jià)值,融入自己的民族文化特色,只有首先是“中國(guó)的”,才有可能是“世界的”!

      3.養(yǎng)老保障體系建設(shè) 夕陽(yáng)雖垂暮,景色亦醉人。高爾基曾說(shuō):“一個(gè)老年人的死亡,等于傾倒了一座博物館?!笨梢?,老年人群體即精神財(cái)富的密集載體?!吨泄仓醒腙P(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》提出,積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化,加快建立社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系和發(fā)展老年服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。在人口老齡化快速發(fā)展和養(yǎng)老問題突出的今天,我們有理由相信,通過國(guó)家的大力支持以及全社會(huì)的共同努力,在不久的將來(lái),幾千年來(lái)中國(guó)人“老有所養(yǎng)”的愿望必將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

      4.旅游業(yè)發(fā)展

      “失今不治,必為痼疾,后雖有扁鵲,不能為已。”目前,單純注重旅游業(yè)“量增長(zhǎng)”的傾向雖然尚不嚴(yán)重,但也必須引起足夠的重視,做到“治之其未亂,為之其未有”,否則旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展將偏離保增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)內(nèi)需、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促環(huán)保的軌道。因此,促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,要盡快做到“質(zhì)”“量”齊升,以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展。

      5.簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)

      簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)進(jìn)行時(shí),意味著行政體制改革大業(yè)如大江奔流不舍晝夜,往難處進(jìn)發(fā)的足跡時(shí)時(shí)可見,向縱深推進(jìn)的濤聲處處可聞。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)這項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程,需要正視“權(quán)力的陣痛”、破除利益固化的藩籬。“夏商之衰,不變法而亡;三代之起,不相襲而王?!毕嘈磐ㄟ^堅(jiān)持深化改革,堅(jiān)持秉持公心,我國(guó)政府一定能寫下行政體制改革的時(shí)代新篇,我國(guó)的社會(huì)發(fā)展將邁入一個(gè)全新的階段。

      6.戶籍制度改革 “路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮”,戶籍制度改革涉及重大利益調(diào)整,改革難度可想而知。然而二元戶籍管理制度已成為我國(guó)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的重大阻礙,改革再難也要推進(jìn)下去。國(guó)家必須加大財(cái)政投入,保證政策落實(shí),保障利益再分配順利進(jìn)行,同時(shí)還必須要有足夠的耐心和定力來(lái)持續(xù)這個(gè)過程,讓不斷提高的城鎮(zhèn)化水平成為戶籍改革最好的催化劑。無(wú)論是農(nóng)村大包干還是取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅,我國(guó)每一次深得民心的改革都會(huì)為社會(huì)發(fā)展增添巨大活力,相信戶籍改革將為農(nóng)村、城市的騰飛插上雙翼,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)比翼齊飛。

      7.司法改革

      總書記指出:“司法體制改革是政治體制改革的重要組成部分,對(duì)推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化具有十分重要的意義。”在一個(gè)法治健全的社會(huì),政府權(quán)力必然運(yùn)行于法律軌道之上,公眾權(quán)利亦必保護(hù)于法律框架之中。到那時(shí),法律權(quán)威將護(hù)佑公平正義的陽(yáng)光,抵達(dá)每一個(gè)角落,普照每一個(gè)生命。

      8.破除官員迷信

      “可憐夜半虛前席,不問蒼生問鬼神?!崩钌屉[的感嘆振聾發(fā)聵,而現(xiàn)在的官員卻在重蹈覆轍。迷信鬼神,不僅有違馬克思主義信仰,而且與社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀背道而馳。同時(shí),還有損社會(huì)清風(fēng)正氣。目前,我國(guó)進(jìn)入全面建成小康社會(huì)的新時(shí)期,對(duì)黨員干部各方面的能力提出了更高要求,政府有必要引導(dǎo)官員堅(jiān)定信仰,破除迷信,提升執(zhí)政能力。

      9.金融改革

      馬云曾經(jīng)放出豪言:“如果銀行不改變,我們就改變銀行?!彪S著余額寶、百度百發(fā)、微信支付等相繼“引爆”,壁壘森嚴(yán)的傳統(tǒng)金融業(yè)被成功撬開一道缺口。與金融創(chuàng)新的高歌猛進(jìn)相比,金融監(jiān)管還比較滯后,金融穩(wěn)定則存在很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。只有加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管,為金融創(chuàng)新保駕護(hù)航,才能更好地推動(dòng)金融改革,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)、健康發(fā)展。

      10.發(fā)展職業(yè)教育 “技不壓身,學(xué)好技術(shù),就有了走遍天下都不怕的本事,這是一輩子都打不破的鐵飯碗。”是李克強(qiáng)總理對(duì)職校學(xué)生的諄諄教誨,也向社會(huì)傳遞了為發(fā)展職業(yè)教育保駕護(hù)航的正能量??嚯y、矛盾不足懼,只要有耐心、有信心,多管齊下、多方并舉,讓職業(yè)教育為國(guó)家和社會(huì)源源不斷地創(chuàng)造人才紅利,成為保障民生的“鐵飯碗”,筑牢“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”騰飛的基礎(chǔ)。

      二、申論文章必背20條名言警句

      1.人惟求舊,器非求舊,惟新。

      ——《尚書·盤庚上》

      2.大道之行也,天下為公。

      ——《禮記·禮運(yùn)篇》

      3.遠(yuǎn)人不服,則修文德以來(lái)之。——《論語(yǔ)·季氏篇》

      4.政之所興在順民心,政之所廢在逆民心。

      ——《管子·牧民》

      5.治國(guó)無(wú)法則亂,守法而弗變則悖。舉事必循法以動(dòng),變法者因時(shí)而化。

      ——《呂氏春秋·察今》

      6.理國(guó)要道,在于公平正直。

      ——《貞觀政要》

      7.古之善政者,貴于足食;欲求富國(guó)者,必先利人。

      ——《舊唐書·韋堅(jiān)傳》

      8.一人之智,不如眾人之愚;一目之察,不如眾目之明。

      ——《意林》

      9.居安思危,思則有備,有備無(wú)患。

      ——《左傳·襄公十一年》

      10.敬教勸學(xué),建國(guó)之大本;興賢育才,為政之先務(wù)。

      ——(清)朱舜水《勸興》

      11.禮,國(guó)之干也。

      ——《左傳·僖公十一年》

      12.與制度結(jié)合的自由才是唯一的自由。自由不僅要同制度和道德并存,而且須臾缺不了它們。

      ——(英國(guó))埃德蒙·伯克

      13.一次不公的判決比多次不公平的舉動(dòng)為禍尤烈,因?yàn)檫@些不平的舉動(dòng)不過弄臟了水流,而不公的判決則把水源敗壞了。

      ——(英國(guó))培根

      14.竭澤而漁,豈不獲得,而明年無(wú)魚;焚藪而田,豈不獲得,而明年無(wú)獸。

      ——《呂氏春秋·義嘗》

      15.舉大體而不論小事,務(wù)實(shí)效而不為虛名。

      ——(宋)蘇軾《賀楊龍圖啟》

      16.千古無(wú)不敝之政,也無(wú)不變之法。

      ——(清)鄭觀應(yīng)

      17.物必先腐,而后蟲生。

      ——(宋)蘇軾《范增論》

      18.石可破也,而不可奪堅(jiān);丹可磨也,而不可奪赤。

      ——《呂氏春秋·誠(chéng)廉》

      19.天下之事,不難于立法,而難于法之必行。

      ——(明)張居正《請(qǐng)稽查章奏隨事考成以修實(shí)政疏》

      20.不受虛言,不聽偽術(shù),不采華名,不興偽事。

      ——(東漢)荀悅《申鑒·俗嫌》

      三、申論文章分論點(diǎn)工整句式

      1.“三嚴(yán)三實(shí)”

      “三嚴(yán)三實(shí)”是青年干部從政的根本準(zhǔn)則?!叭龂?yán)三實(shí)”是群眾期待干部的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?!叭龂?yán)三實(shí)”是優(yōu)良作風(fēng)傳統(tǒng)的繼承發(fā)展?!叭龂?yán)三實(shí)”是推進(jìn)作風(fēng)建設(shè)的清晰目標(biāo)。

      2.倡導(dǎo)綠色生活

      弘揚(yáng)正確價(jià)值理念,讓綠色生活成為自覺的行為 推進(jìn)綠色消費(fèi)革命,倒逼生產(chǎn)生活方式綠色轉(zhuǎn)型 完善法規(guī)政策體系,為生活方式綠色化提供支撐 構(gòu)建全民行動(dòng)體系,形成生活方式綠色化的合力

      3.新型城鎮(zhèn)化

      是保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大引擎 是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的重要抓手 是解決農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村農(nóng)民問題的重要途徑 是推動(dòng)區(qū)域統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的有力支撐 是促進(jìn)社會(huì)全面和諧進(jìn)步的必然要求

      4.培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民 培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民,是構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體系的基本條件。培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民,是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的必然要求。培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民,是保障我國(guó)糧食安全的迫切需要。

      5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政

      網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政是了解民需、調(diào)查民意的“直通車”,有助于政策的策劃。網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政是薈萃民智、輔助決策的“信息庫(kù)”,有助于政策的制定。網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政是提高效率、轉(zhuǎn)變作風(fēng)的“加速器”,有助于政策的執(zhí)行。網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政是評(píng)價(jià)政策、改進(jìn)工作的“風(fēng)向標(biāo)”,有助于政策的評(píng)估。網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政是預(yù)防貪污、防治腐敗的“好幫手”,有助于政策的監(jiān)督。

      6.促進(jìn)收入分配公平

      分配公平是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的需要 分配公平是維護(hù)社會(huì)公平和諧穩(wěn)定的舉措 分配公平是完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的內(nèi)容 分配公平是體現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義本質(zhì)的必然要求

      7.保障信息安全

      以全民意識(shí)構(gòu)成信息安全之線。以組織行為織造信息安全之面。以國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)建信息安全之網(wǎng)。

      8.構(gòu)建誠(chéng)信文化

      誠(chéng)信之于人類就猶如空氣和陽(yáng)光 誠(chéng)信是民族生存發(fā)展的精神支柱 誠(chéng)信是國(guó)家穩(wěn)定持續(xù)發(fā)展的精髓 誠(chéng)信是展現(xiàn)國(guó)際形象的必要前提

      9.消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)

      讓消費(fèi)者有尊嚴(yán),就要讓法律當(dāng)好“守護(hù)神”。讓消費(fèi)者有尊嚴(yán),就要讓監(jiān)督吹好“高壓風(fēng)”。讓消費(fèi)者有尊嚴(yán),就要讓文化建好“循環(huán)圈”。

      10.增強(qiáng)文化自信

      文化自信是對(duì)自身文化價(jià)值的肯定 文化自信是擴(kuò)大對(duì)外交流重要前提 文化自信是實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)夢(mèng)的內(nèi)源動(dòng)力 文化自信是治理體系現(xiàn)代化的條件 文化自信是推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”的保證

      四、申論??紤?yīng)用文類型及新題型預(yù)測(cè)

      (一)??紤?yīng)用文類型

      1.短評(píng)

      【典型例題】2015山東C類第三題

      【題目】某報(bào)紙擬制作一版名為“新青年”的專欄,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)“給定資料6~8”,以“為新青年的選擇喝彩”為題目,為這個(gè)專欄寫一篇短評(píng)。(25分)要求:

      (1)觀點(diǎn)明確,簡(jiǎn)明深刻;(2)緊扣材料,重點(diǎn)突出;(3)語(yǔ)言流暢,有邏輯性;(4)不超過500字?!緟⒖即鸢浮?/p>

      為新青年的選擇喝彩

      近年來(lái),隨著越來(lái)越多朝氣蓬勃、具有專業(yè)知識(shí)的“新青年”自我意識(shí)的覺醒,他們開始選擇把個(gè)人的小興趣與時(shí)代的大責(zé)任相契合的生活,深入基層,不畏艱難,幫助更多的人脫貧致富,肩負(fù)起建設(shè)美好中國(guó)的重任,這樣的青春值得我們喝彩。

      “村民貼心人”程廣京心系三農(nóng),服務(wù)百姓,成立“董莊村黨員之家”和“大學(xué)生村干部服務(wù)站”,創(chuàng)辦蔬菜專業(yè)合作社,帶領(lǐng)村民脫貧致富,完美詮釋和傳承了焦裕祿精神。榮獲“中國(guó)青年五四獎(jiǎng)?wù)录w”稱號(hào)的鸚哥嶺團(tuán)隊(duì)成員主動(dòng)放棄優(yōu)越生活,克服缺水少電、氣候潮熱等困難,建立鸚哥嶺自然保護(hù)區(qū)工作站“檔案館”,組建“護(hù)林隊(duì)”,積極推廣林下經(jīng)濟(jì),譜寫了“堅(jiān)守理想、奉獻(xiàn)青春”的勵(lì)志傳奇。“頂尖人才”秦玥飛籌資改善山村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施設(shè)備;“陽(yáng)光書屋”公益組織致力于中國(guó)基層教育和城市化進(jìn)程,加強(qiáng)基層教育,培養(yǎng)農(nóng)村孩子的理解力、創(chuàng)造力,為新時(shí)代中國(guó)青年踐行愛國(guó)理想做出了可貴的榜樣。

      青春的色彩永遠(yuǎn)是社會(huì)最亮麗的底色,年輕一代更應(yīng)發(fā)揚(yáng)創(chuàng)新和不懼困苦的精神,抓住時(shí)機(jī),發(fā)揮自身特長(zhǎng),成為社會(huì)前行最可依托的力量。這些新青年的選擇讓我們有理由相信,中國(guó)的青年能夠擔(dān)起國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族復(fù)興的重任,能夠助力打造中國(guó)美好的未來(lái)!

      2.編者按 【典型例題】2012國(guó)家省級(jí)一題(2)

      【題目】給定資料8”介紹了最近社會(huì)上涌現(xiàn)出的先進(jìn)人物事跡,某單位黨委決定編印一期《內(nèi)部學(xué)習(xí)資料》,宣傳他們的事跡,號(hào)召本單位全體人員向先進(jìn)人物學(xué)習(xí)。請(qǐng)你為這期《內(nèi)部學(xué)習(xí)資料》撰寫一則“編者按”。(10分)

      要求:概括全面、準(zhǔn)確,揭示各位先進(jìn)人物的精神實(shí)質(zhì);不超過200字?!緟⒖即鸢浮?/p>

      【編者按】隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,許多冷漠的行為讓人心寒,但總有一些人會(huì)帶給我們溫暖。作為包工頭的孫先生為給農(nóng)民工發(fā)工錢路上遇難,其弟幫助哥哥完成遺愿,這是對(duì)誠(chéng)信的堅(jiān)守;希望小學(xué)徐老師身患重病仍堅(jiān)持在教育崗位并資助孩童,這是愛心的奉獻(xiàn);“最美媽媽”吳女士舍身救下從樓上掉下的孩子,這是善良勇敢的流露。他們身上的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)值得每位公民學(xué)習(xí),作為共產(chǎn)黨員,我們更應(yīng)該起到模范帶頭作用,和他們一起書寫美好的明天。

      3.通知

      【典型例題】2013江西問題三

      【題目】結(jié)合材料7,以A縣政府的名義,就做好農(nóng)民工春節(jié)返鄉(xiāng)安全工作草擬一份通知。要求:格式正確,內(nèi)容完整,措施有效,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,300~500字。(30分)【參考答案】

      關(guān)于做好農(nóng)民工春節(jié)返鄉(xiāng)安全工作的通知

      各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府,縣政府各部門:

      農(nóng)民工為我縣的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。為進(jìn)一步做好農(nóng)民工春節(jié)返鄉(xiāng)安全工作,讓廣大農(nóng)民工及時(shí)、安全、有序返鄉(xiāng),現(xiàn)將有關(guān)事項(xiàng)通知如下:

      一、高度重視,形成合力

      高度重視春節(jié)期間農(nóng)民工平安返鄉(xiāng)工作。做好這項(xiàng)工作是維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和安全的需要,各部門要形成合力,保證農(nóng)民工平安有序返鄉(xiāng)。

      二、優(yōu)化服務(wù),有序返鄉(xiāng)

      優(yōu)化農(nóng)民工春節(jié)返鄉(xiāng)安全服務(wù)工作,采取多項(xiàng)措施,做到安全有序:

      1.做好“摩托車返鄉(xiāng)”農(nóng)民工服務(wù)工作,設(shè)立農(nóng)民工返鄉(xiāng)愛心服務(wù)點(diǎn),提供便民服務(wù)和救助;加強(qiáng)交通安全疏導(dǎo);建立志愿者服務(wù)隊(duì)伍。

      2.組織農(nóng)民工團(tuán)體購(gòu)票,為農(nóng)民工較多的企業(yè)提供上門售票服務(wù),提供農(nóng)民工專列和專車。

      3.加強(qiáng)對(duì)生活困難的農(nóng)民工群體的幫扶工作,為其提供返鄉(xiāng)資助。

      三、完善城鄉(xiāng)一體化建設(shè)

      加快推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)一體化改革,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民工在勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬、子女就學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生、住房租購(gòu)以及社會(huì)保障方面與城鎮(zhèn)居民享有同等待遇,讓農(nóng)民工真正融入城鎮(zhèn)生活。

      農(nóng)民工返鄉(xiāng)工作,關(guān)系著農(nóng)民工的切身利益,各有關(guān)部門要切實(shí)將各項(xiàng)要求落到實(shí)處。

      A縣人民政府辦公室 ╳╳年╳╳月╳╳日

      (二)新題型預(yù)測(cè)

      1.會(huì)議紀(jì)要

      會(huì)議紀(jì)要是用于記載、傳達(dá)會(huì)議情況和議定事項(xiàng)的公文。它不同于會(huì)議記錄,對(duì)企事業(yè)單位、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體都適用。

      紀(jì)要是根據(jù)會(huì)議指導(dǎo)思想和會(huì)議記錄,將會(huì)議召開的基本情況,研究決定的主要問題,進(jìn)行加工、提煉、概括、整理而寫成的一種書面文字材料。它是傳達(dá)貫徹會(huì)議精神的主要依據(jù),由會(huì)議主辦單位或上級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)單位加批語(yǔ)下發(fā),具有公文的某些性質(zhì)與職能。

      紀(jì)要的寫作,其篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分標(biāo)題、正文和落款三部分,其中正文是紀(jì)要的主體部分,是對(duì)會(huì)議的主要內(nèi)容、主要精神、主要原則以及基本結(jié)論和今后任務(wù)等進(jìn)行具體的綜合和闡述。紀(jì)要的正文部分包含導(dǎo)言、主體、結(jié)語(yǔ)三個(gè)部分,這也是與申論題目聯(lián)系最為緊密的一部分。

      (1)寫作導(dǎo)言——簡(jiǎn)要介紹會(huì)議概況

      導(dǎo)言部分,主要介紹會(huì)議召開的目的,由哪個(gè)單位召開了什么會(huì)議,會(huì)議于什么時(shí)間,在什么地點(diǎn)召開,會(huì)議就哪些主要問題進(jìn)行了討論,什么領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在會(huì)上講了話或總結(jié),會(huì)議效果如何等。這部分主要是交代會(huì)議的基本情況,要寫得簡(jiǎn)明、概括。

      (2)寫作主體——具體闡述會(huì)議內(nèi)容 主體部分,寫會(huì)議上反映的情況、研究的問題、作出的決定性意見和解決問題的措施等。行政紀(jì)要,只要把會(huì)議討論和決定的問題歸納概括出來(lái)即可。而工作紀(jì)要和座談會(huì)議紀(jì)要,則需要把與會(huì)人的發(fā)言加以綜合整理,進(jìn)行有層次、有條理的反映。

      紀(jì)要的寫作,主體部分的每個(gè)段落之首,往往冠以“會(huì)議認(rèn)為”“會(huì)議強(qiáng)調(diào)”“會(huì)議“會(huì)議指出”等習(xí)慣性的開頭語(yǔ)。這些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)起連接和強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

      同時(shí),每一個(gè)問題都必須有觀點(diǎn),有材料,有分析,有結(jié)論,還要有解決問題的辦法與措施,使之言之成理,行之有效,有一定說(shuō)服力。

      (3)寫作結(jié)語(yǔ)——提出希望要求

      結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,寫會(huì)議號(hào)召,或突出會(huì)議的意義、作用,或交代懸而未決的問題。有時(shí)還寫明主辦單位對(duì)貫徹會(huì)議精神的一些要求、對(duì)會(huì)議做出簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)等。

      2.計(jì)劃

      計(jì)劃是黨政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企事業(yè)單位和個(gè)人為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某項(xiàng)目標(biāo)和完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)而事先做的安排和打算,真實(shí)反映著考生提出和解決問題的能力。

      這里我們重點(diǎn)介紹計(jì)劃正文的寫法,它包含前言、主體、結(jié)語(yǔ)三部分,與我們作答申論相關(guān)題目聯(lián)系最為緊密。

      (1)寫作前言——點(diǎn)明計(jì)劃背景目的 前言的重點(diǎn)即在于點(diǎn)明計(jì)劃制定的目的,讓執(zhí)行人充分認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)劃的重要性,這一部分我們寫作時(shí)需要言簡(jiǎn)意賅,著重介紹計(jì)劃制定的背景、目的。(2)寫作主體——講清計(jì)劃內(nèi)容

      主體,即計(jì)劃的具體內(nèi)容,這是我們制定計(jì)劃的重點(diǎn)。這部分內(nèi)容與提出對(duì)策題的作答頗為相似,但對(duì)對(duì)策的要求更高。具體來(lái)說(shuō),計(jì)劃主體構(gòu)成如下:

      做什么+何時(shí)做+由誰(shuí)做+怎么做 第一步,做什么。即需要考生提出微觀目標(biāo)。任何一項(xiàng)宏觀計(jì)劃都有眾多微觀目標(biāo)組成,為了確保計(jì)劃的實(shí)現(xiàn),考生需要寫清大計(jì)劃中的小目標(biāo)。

      第二步,何時(shí)做。即完成任務(wù)的起止時(shí)限。我國(guó)政府在改革行政管理體制中,最重視工作效率的提升,考生寫明對(duì)策時(shí),需要明確標(biāo)注完成計(jì)劃的起止時(shí)限。

      第三步,由誰(shuí)做。即寫明完成任務(wù)的具體部門或工作人員。機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位各司其職,各負(fù)其責(zé),擬定計(jì)劃時(shí)需要確保將工作任務(wù)“安排”給了正確的部門,考生需要了解國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)中各部門的管理職責(zé),避免“張冠李戴”。

      第四步,怎么做。即完成任務(wù)的具體方法。這部分內(nèi)容針對(duì)做什么提出,考生需要確保計(jì)劃對(duì)策內(nèi)容的針對(duì)性,保證通過“怎么做”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“做什么”的目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)。(3)寫作結(jié)語(yǔ)——確保計(jì)劃執(zhí)行

      結(jié)語(yǔ)一般有兩種情況:一種是提出希望和要求;另一種是不另寫結(jié)語(yǔ),計(jì)劃事項(xiàng)寫完后就自然結(jié)束。

      3.請(qǐng)示 請(qǐng)示,是指下級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)向上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)請(qǐng)求指示、批準(zhǔn)事項(xiàng)使用的文種,是應(yīng)用寫作實(shí)踐中的一種常用文體。請(qǐng)示的適用范圍主要包括:下級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)請(qǐng)求上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)某項(xiàng)工作、問題作出指示,對(duì)某項(xiàng)政策界限給予明確,對(duì)某事予以審核批準(zhǔn)。請(qǐng)示可分為解決某種問題的請(qǐng)示和請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)某種事項(xiàng)的請(qǐng)示。

      請(qǐng)示的作答難度較大,作為機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位常見的文書形式,撰寫一份請(qǐng)示,需要點(diǎn)明請(qǐng)示的緣由,無(wú)論是求示性請(qǐng)示還是求批性請(qǐng)示都必須講清請(qǐng)示的具體事項(xiàng)。寫好請(qǐng)示不僅能展現(xiàn)提出問題能力、綜合分析能力,更能彰顯貫徹執(zhí)行能力。

      這里我們重點(diǎn)介紹請(qǐng)示正文的寫法,它包含請(qǐng)示緣由、事項(xiàng)、結(jié)語(yǔ)三部分。(1)開頭——點(diǎn)明請(qǐng)示緣由

      開頭主要交代請(qǐng)示的緣由。它是請(qǐng)示事項(xiàng)能否成立的前提條件,也是上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)批復(fù)的主要依據(jù)。這部分要從陳述原因開始,目的在于為請(qǐng)示事項(xiàng)提供充分的根據(jù),是請(qǐng)示全文的導(dǎo)語(yǔ),應(yīng)開門見山。原因要講得客觀、具體,理由要講得合理、充分。(2)主體——講清請(qǐng)示事項(xiàng)

      主體是陳述請(qǐng)示事項(xiàng)的部分,也是請(qǐng)示最核心、最重要的部分。

      請(qǐng)求指示的請(qǐng)示,主體要寫明想在哪些具體問題、哪些方面得到指示。

      請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)的請(qǐng)示,要把要求批準(zhǔn)的事項(xiàng)分條列項(xiàng)一一寫明。這部分事項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)在于說(shuō)明要怎么辦,提出本單位的具體建議,供上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)定奪。如果在請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)的同時(shí)還需要人、財(cái)、物等方面的支持和幫助,則需要把編制、數(shù)量、途徑等表達(dá)清楚,以便上級(jí)及時(shí)批準(zhǔn)。(3)結(jié)語(yǔ)——明確提出要求

      請(qǐng)示的結(jié)語(yǔ)一般比較簡(jiǎn)單,在主體之后,另起一段,采用征詢的語(yǔ)氣和期許的語(yǔ)言,明確提出請(qǐng)求上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)予以指示、批準(zhǔn)或批復(fù)的要求。常用規(guī)范用語(yǔ)如“上述請(qǐng)示,是否妥當(dāng),請(qǐng)批示”“特此申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)予批復(fù)”。

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