第一篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)一試講教案

新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（1）讀寫教程

Unit 1 Fresh Start Section A Text A: Toward a brighter future for all

1.LEAD IN Pre-reading questions:(1)What was the impression of your first day in the university?(2)What expectations do you have for the university?(3)Are you ready for all the challenges in this new environment?

2.READ THE TEXT

3.WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS(1)triumph n.[C] an important victory or success after a difficult struggle

（尤指苦戰(zhàn)后獲得的）勝利，成功，成就

e.g.Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young player.(2)pledge

①vt.make a formal, usu.public, promise that you will do sth.發(fā)誓；作保證

e.g.The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment.②n.[C](fml.)a serious promise or agreement, esp.one made publicly or officially

（尤指公開(kāi)或正式作出的）誓言，誓約；保證

e.g.All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.(3)remind sb.of sb./sth.① make sb.remember sb.that they know or sth.that happened in the

past 使某人想起某人或某事

e.g.The song always reminds me of the my holiday in Hawaii.② be very similar to sb.or sth.else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事

e.g.Nancy was tall and slim, and reminds me of my cousin Sarah.(4)rewarding a.giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit

值得的；有意義的；有回報(bào)的

4.GRAMMAR 構(gòu)詞法word formation形容詞后綴-ing ①-ing 加在某些及物動(dòng)詞后，構(gòu)成形容詞，主要用于表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，或某物或某事給人的感覺(jué)、情感、印象等。這類詞包括welcoming, charming, disgusting, surprising等。例如，a welcoming smile 熱情熱微笑

②-ing 加在某些及物動(dòng)詞后，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示某事或某人仍處于某種狀態(tài)。例如，a recurring problem 一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題

his aging mother 他那日漸蒼老的母親

第二篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)

Unit6a 4月7日，星期六

我和史蒂夫已拖運(yùn)垃圾整整四個(gè)小時(shí)了，中間只停下來(lái)說(shuō)了約五分鐘的話。

每次我將滿滿的一桶垃圾扛上肩，肩膀就痛得厲害，有時(shí)候扛著垃圾朝街上走，腿都打顫，可我心里卻對(duì)自己說(shuō)：“挺住，垃圾工，要挺住。”

我原本就沒(méi)有想過(guò)這工作會(huì)有什么快樂(lè)可言。倒、扛、走、扛、走。時(shí)間過(guò)得飛快。

星期六意味著一路上大多數(shù)成年人會(huì)呆在家里。上學(xué)的孩子也一樣。

我心里琢磨，這可能意味著我挨家挨戶收垃圾時(shí)可以和人們多搭上幾句話了。很多人在花園里或花房里干活兒。多數(shù)人看上去是可以說(shuō)說(shuō)話的。

雖沒(méi)有工夫聊很久，但問(wèn)候幾句以示禮貌還是有時(shí)間的。

但我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是這么回事。

直到我在幾家院子里問(wèn)候了幾次以后，才意識(shí)到這么做是不常見(jiàn)的。

偶爾，有人也會(huì)看著我，微笑一下，對(duì)我說(shuō)一聲“你好”，或者“今天天氣真好”。這時(shí)，我還是感到有人情味兒。

可多數(shù)情況下，人們的反應(yīng)要么是不理我，要么是因?yàn)槲疫@個(gè)垃圾工竟然也和他們說(shuō)話而驚訝地盯著我看。

一個(gè)身著家常便服的婦女見(jiàn)我繞過(guò)她家的拐角，臉上露出驚訝之色。

聽(tīng)到我向她打招呼，她就趕緊用衣服把自己嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)地遮了起來(lái)，并匆忙退回屋里。我還聽(tīng)到咔嗒一聲門被鎖上了。

另一個(gè)婦女，院子里養(yǎng)了一只巨大古怪的動(dòng)物。我問(wèn)她那是什么動(dòng)物，她兩眼盯著我。

我以為她耳背，所以提高了聲音。她好像給嚇著了似的，冷冷地轉(zhuǎn)身走了。

這兒離垃圾場(chǎng)有很長(zhǎng)一段路，在駕車去垃圾場(chǎng)的路上，史蒂夫氣憤地?cái)⒄f(shuō)著這些事情。

“從多數(shù)人看你的那種眼光，就知道在他們眼里垃圾工是怪物。如果你對(duì)他們問(wèn)聲好，他們就驚奇地看著你。他們根本沒(méi)想到我們也是人?！?/p>

“有個(gè)女人往垃圾箱里倒煙灰。我說(shuō)，我們這樣沒(méi)法裝運(yùn)。

她說(shuō)，‘我倒什么你管得著嗎，你算什么東西? 你不過(guò)是個(gè)垃圾工罷了。’

我說(shuō)，‘聽(tīng)著，太太，我的智商是137，高中畢業(yè)時(shí)是班上的尖子生。我干這活是為了掙錢，不是因?yàn)槲抑荒芨蛇@個(gè)?！?/p>

“我真想對(duì)他們說(shuō)，‘你瞧瞧，我跟你們一樣干凈?！蛇@沒(méi)用。我從不對(duì)任何人說(shuō)我是垃圾工。我說(shuō)我是卡車司機(jī)。

我家里人知道，可我妻子的家人不知道。

如果有人正好碰到，問(wèn)‘你是給垃圾公司開(kāi)車嗎?’我就說(shuō)是。我相信我們做的事是人們所需要的，就像當(dāng)警察或者消防隊(duì)員一樣。我并不為此而感到見(jiàn)不得人，可我也不會(huì)到處去吹噓自己的工作?！?/p>

“有一天，我妻子的一個(gè)朋友見(jiàn)到她孩子從家里跑出來(lái)看垃圾車，她就大聲叫嚷起來(lái)，‘離那些垃圾工遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)，他們身上臟’。我很生她的氣。

我說(shuō)，‘那些垃圾工和我們一樣干凈?！?‘你好像很同情他們似的，’她說(shuō)。‘是的，我是很同情他們?！?可我從沒(méi)有告訴她這是為什么?！?/p>

這活兒我原先只打算干兩天，可現(xiàn)在我要干下去。

這可鍛煉人呢，雖然肩部肌肉酸痛，可我扛垃圾桶越扛越得心應(yīng)手了。我越干越快，越干越利索。在室外干活還可以呼吸新鮮空氣，而且完全不像人們認(rèn)為的那樣，我干的活兒其實(shí)很干凈。

我還決定繼續(xù)在人家的院子里向人們說(shuō)“你好”。這不會(huì)有什么壞處，而且感覺(jué)依舊不錯(cuò)。

說(shuō)實(shí)話，我感到驕傲，我在做一項(xiàng)必不可少的工作。每晚工作結(jié)束時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)國(guó)家比早上更干凈了。并不是許多人每晚都能這樣說(shuō)的。

約翰·加德納曾寫道，一個(gè)只贊揚(yáng)哲學(xué)家而蔑視管道工的社會(huì)必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)麻煩。他警告說(shuō)：“這個(gè)社會(huì)的管道和理論都會(huì)出問(wèn)題?！?/p>

他也許應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步要求人們既尊重經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家又尊重垃圾工；不然的話，他們都會(huì)在身后留下垃圾。Unit6b 星期天凌晨三點(diǎn)整，他終于把自己累死了。

當(dāng)然，訃告并沒(méi)有這么說(shuō)，只說(shuō)他死于心臟病。但是他的朋友和熟人很快就明白了是怎么回事。

他是個(gè)典型的A型人，工作成癮。相互間他們這么說(shuō)，搖著頭，并且沉思五或十分鐘，反思他們的生活方式。

此君叫菲爾，星期天凌晨三點(diǎn)整，把自己累死了。那天是他的休息日，可他卻在工作。他把自己生命中的最后18年獻(xiàn)給了那項(xiàng)工作。他51歲，是公司的一位副總裁。更確切地說(shuō)，他是六位副總裁之一，而且，假如公司總裁去世或者很快退休的話，他是有可能升至最高職位的三位副總裁之一。菲爾是休息不起的。

他每周工作六天，其中五天每天工作到晚上八點(diǎn)或九點(diǎn)，而此時(shí)他的公司除了當(dāng)官的，其他人都已開(kāi)始每周工作四天。

他撥不出時(shí)間來(lái)做戶外活動(dòng)，除非你把他每月打一次高爾夫球也算在內(nèi)。對(duì)于菲爾來(lái)說(shuō)，那也是工作。他總是在辦公桌上吃雞蛋色拉三明治。當(dāng)然，他比較胖，患有高血壓。

每逢星期六，菲爾就穿運(yùn)動(dòng)茄克衫而不是西服去辦公室，因?yàn)槭侵苣?/p>

他手下有很多人，大約60個(gè)，多數(shù)時(shí)候大多數(shù)人都喜歡他，敬慕他。其中三人將被認(rèn)真考慮來(lái)接替他的工作。訃告對(duì)此避而不談。

然而訃告卻一一列出了被他“留下的人”。

在他身后有妻子海倫，她48歲，心地善良，但卻沒(méi)有特別的職業(yè)技能，結(jié)婚生子之前曾做過(guò)辦公室工作。據(jù)她女兒說(shuō)，多年前孩子們還小時(shí)，她就放棄了與他的工作競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。公司的一位朋友說(shuō)：“我知道你將多么思念他?！?而她回答道：“我早已這樣了?！?/p>

“這些年來(lái)思念著他，”她已經(jīng)放棄了自己的一部分，這部分的她太關(guān)心這個(gè)男人了。從此她將“得到很好的關(guān)照”。

他“親愛(ài)的孩子”中“親愛(ài)的長(zhǎng)子”在南方的一家制造公司當(dāng)經(jīng)理，工作很努力。在安葬父親的前一天，他走訪了鄰居，試圖多了解他的父親。鄰居們很尷尬，只能裝作比事實(shí)上更了解他的父親。

他的第二個(gè)孩子是個(gè)女兒，今年24歲，剛剛結(jié)婚。

她住在她母親附近，兩人關(guān)系親密。但是，以前每當(dāng)她和父親單獨(dú)在一起時(shí)，比如開(kāi)車去什么地方時(shí)，兩人幾乎無(wú)話可說(shuō)。

最小的是個(gè)男孩，今年20歲，是個(gè)高中畢業(yè)生。和他的許多朋友一樣，他滿足于打零工，以維持吃飯和吸大麻。

他父親的工作不適合他。

雖然如此，他依然努力理解他父親，努力表明自己對(duì)他很重要，以此將他拴在家里。他是他父親的最愛(ài)。

在過(guò)去的兩年里，菲爾常為擔(dān)心這個(gè)男孩而睡不著覺(jué)。

這男孩有一次說(shuō)道：“我和我父親只住在這里?！?/p>

在葬禮上，60歲的公司總裁告訴48歲的寡婦，51歲的死者對(duì)公司非常重要，公司會(huì)思念他，很難找到人來(lái)代替他。寡婦不敢正面看他。

她擔(dān)心他會(huì)看出她的不快。畢竟，她需要他來(lái)理清他們之間的財(cái)務(wù)——優(yōu)先認(rèn)股權(quán)等等之類。

菲爾身體胖，弦總是繃得緊緊的，工作太賣力。如果他不在辦公室，他就放心不下。他是容易患心臟病的那種人。

在一大群人中，你一眼就能將他辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。

因此，當(dāng)他星期天凌晨三點(diǎn)整終于把自己累死時(shí)，沒(méi)有人真正感到吃驚。

安葬的那天下午五點(diǎn)，公司總裁開(kāi)始（當(dāng)然非常謹(jǐn)慎地）向他的左右詢問(wèn)接替菲爾的人選（三者之一）的情況。

他問(wèn)大家：“誰(shuí)工作最賣力？” Unit7a 和大多數(shù)城里人一樣，我非常小心謹(jǐn)慎。

在把車開(kāi)進(jìn)車庫(kù)前，我會(huì)掃視街道和周圍的小路，看看有沒(méi)有異常的人或物。那天晚上也不例外。

可是當(dāng)我手里拿著肯德基炸雞走出車庫(kù)時(shí)，一個(gè)身材圓胖、留著短髭、頭戴絨線帽、身穿深色尼龍夾克的年輕人從停車處旁的灌木叢中鉆出來(lái)，把手槍頂在我的雙眼之間。

“交出來(lái)，他媽的──，”他威脅道，“交出來(lái)。”

“嗨，”我說(shuō)，“拿去吧。”

我一邊說(shuō)，一邊把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁邊的花盆上，同時(shí)設(shè)法把我房子的鑰匙扔進(jìn)灌木叢中。

“你的錢在哪兒? 你的錢在哪兒?”他吼道。

在我們?cè)庥龅娜^(guò)程中，他會(huì)重復(fù)自己說(shuō)的每一句話；出于本能，我也同樣重復(fù)著自己的話。

“在我錢包里，在我錢包里?！蔽艺f(shuō)。

他走到我的背后，把槍頂在我的脖子上，開(kāi)始搜我的褲子口袋。

“錢包在哪兒?”他問(wèn)。

“在后面的口袋里?！?/p>

“還有呢?”

“我就這么多錢了?！?/p>

“手表在哪兒?”

“在這兒，”我邊回答邊把左臂伸出去。就在這時(shí)，他的同伙出現(xiàn)了。

他很瘦小，手持一支加大的藍(lán)色鋼制手槍。

他深色的眼睛里閃著光，好似擦亮了的玻璃；他手臂和雙腿毫無(wú)預(yù)示地移動(dòng)著，就好像是連著看不見(jiàn)的電線似的。

他厲聲說(shuō)道，“不許看我們，不許看我們?！?/p>

他并不蠢。

我看過(guò)許多刑事審判，因而知道在那些武裝襲擊的受害者中，很少有人能夠辨認(rèn)出襲擊他們的人，因?yàn)樗麄兊淖⒁饬θ性跇屔希鴽](méi)有注意持槍人。我有意識(shí)地留意了一下他們的面部細(xì)節(jié)。

“我沒(méi)有看你們?！碑?dāng)那個(gè)大個(gè)子劫匪把手表從我的手腕上扯下來(lái)時(shí)，我撒了個(gè)謊。

“趴下，趴下，”那小個(gè)子命令我，并一把摘下了我的眼鏡，把它扔到草坪上。

這時(shí)，我已面朝下趴在了地上，前額緊貼著地面的泥土。

那個(gè)大個(gè)子劫匪用槍頂著我的后腦勺，小個(gè)子用手槍緊緊頂著我左邊的太陽(yáng)穴。

我當(dāng)時(shí)想，“這下完了。萊斯利會(huì)受不了的。主啊，可憐可憐我這個(gè)有罪的人吧。”

“這是什么?”大個(gè)子問(wèn)道。

我把頭轉(zhuǎn)向右邊。

“是肯德基炸雞，”我說(shuō)。

“我們要帶走，”大個(gè)子厲聲說(shuō)道。

于是，突然間，劫匪們手里拿著錢包、手表和炸雞，腳步聲在黑暗的街道上越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)。

我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，看見(jiàn)他們的影子鉆進(jìn)了一輛汽車，急速地開(kāi)走了。

他們沒(méi)有殺我，但他們?yōu)槭裁催@么做呢? 是仁慈? 是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間太緊而顧不上? 還是因?yàn)轲囸I?

“多奇怪啊，”我心中暗想，“竟然是炸雞救了我的命。我看到的是死亡，而他們看到的是食物?！?/p>

我站起身來(lái)，找到了鑰匙，進(jìn)了屋，然后撥通了911。接線員記下了我對(duì)劫匪的描述，然后派了輛警車來(lái)。

我為自己倒了一杯烈性酒，不一會(huì)兒，兩個(gè)穿制服的洛杉磯警察局的警察就到了。他們對(duì)此事作了筆錄，說(shuō)“幸好”沒(méi)有受傷。

“但是，” 臨走時(shí)一個(gè)警察對(duì)我說(shuō)，“他們拿走了你的炸雞，這實(shí)在太不像話了?！?/p>

后來(lái)，一個(gè)警察打電話來(lái)詢問(wèn)其他細(xì)節(jié)。

他說(shuō)這兩個(gè)劫匪的作案手法表明他們可能就是過(guò)去幾個(gè)月里這一地區(qū)多起搶劫案的實(shí)施者。他讓我到警察局去看一下疑犯的照片。

于是，上周一我翻看了相簿大小的幾本照片，多數(shù)是年輕人的──令人驚訝的是其中有相當(dāng)一部分實(shí)際上還是孩子。

一張張翻看并研讀這些照片，仿佛漂流在一條讓人傷心的河流上，就像身處英國(guó)詩(shī)人布萊克筆下的泰晤士河，似乎“看見(jiàn)每一個(gè)過(guò)往行人都是滿臉饑色，一副苦相”。

這些年輕人聚合在一起構(gòu)成了一條河流──一條已失去控制的河流，這條河流正吞噬著我們所珍視的東西的基礎(chǔ)：我們的行動(dòng)自由，我們的勞動(dòng)果實(shí)，我們的生命，以及那些我們所珍視的人的生命?？傆幸惶?，我們將不得不面對(duì)這條河流，并探索其對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)不滿的深層原因。

而目前，我們所能做的就是看看罪犯的照片，并參與到構(gòu)筑抑制犯罪的大壩中去。Unit7b 我有一支黑色手槍，手柄是棕色的。

手槍就擱在我的床頭，里面裝著五顆子彈，并且總是上了膛的。

我一貫主張控制槍支，奇怪的是我現(xiàn)在依然主張控制槍支。

以前我沒(méi)有槍，并不是因?yàn)槲覍?duì)有關(guān)犯罪的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料不了解，也不是因?yàn)槲易哉J(rèn)為可以不受暴力的襲擊。

以前我認(rèn)為自己不相信暴力，我自己也沒(méi)暴力傾向，所以我不會(huì)受到暴力的侵襲。我還認(rèn)為我對(duì)人性本善的信念會(huì)使這一假想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

我應(yīng)該把槍從住所帶到車上，但是我沒(méi)有這樣做。

這支槍可以做的、被用來(lái)做的，比它所能阻止的更讓我感到恐懼。

如果我?guī)е鴺尩臅r(shí)候遭到了襲擊，那我就一定會(huì)用它來(lái)殺人，而不僅僅是傷人。

我曾想象自己遭遇歹徒的襲擊，并不是真的遇到這種事： 一個(gè)男子正在街上走。

我鎖上車，朝公寓走去，拿著鑰匙準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)門。

還沒(méi)有走到門口，我覺(jué)得我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)聲音在說(shuō)，“把錢給我?！?/p>

在我打開(kāi)門之前我又聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)聲音，然后我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，看到了一個(gè)持槍的人。

他很害怕。

我害怕我會(huì)嚇著他，致使他朝我開(kāi)槍，我還擔(dān)心我把錢給他以后，他仍然會(huì)朝我開(kāi)槍。我同樣也很生氣，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)、也從未傷害過(guò)的人在用槍指著我。

我想象的這起搶劫中有某種令我不安的東西，這是我不愿承認(rèn)的東西，這是因?yàn)樾呃⒍晃矣幸饴匀サ臇|西。

我明白我為什么會(huì)想象自己遭到一個(gè)男子的搶劫：他們?cè)谏眢w上占有優(yōu)勢(shì)，而且我也從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)有誰(shuí)遭到過(guò)一個(gè)女人的搶劫。

但為什么這個(gè)人是個(gè)黑人呢?

為什么是個(gè)穿著破舊T恤, 雙眼發(fā)亮的黑人男子呢? 為什么不是個(gè)白人?

我想象我站在克萊爾本街和杰克遜街拐角處的一個(gè)加油站等待付款，這時(shí)，一個(gè)黑人從我身后走來(lái)。我沒(méi)有回頭，而是正眼朝前看，等著付款。

我盡量不表現(xiàn)出自己的焦慮，而這種焦慮的產(chǎn)生僅僅是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)名聲不好的街區(qū)的加油站有一個(gè)黑人從我身后走來(lái)，而且他沒(méi)有汽車。

我又想象另一種可能性。

當(dāng)我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那個(gè)聲音時(shí)，我正帶著槍在街上走。那人一定沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我的槍。

我很生氣，因?yàn)槲沂艿搅送{，因?yàn)橛腥藶榱说玫轿铱诖锏腻X而危及著我的生命。

于是我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，既憤怒又恐懼，還未細(xì)想就開(kāi)了槍。我也許只是因?yàn)?0或100美元就殺了一個(gè)人。他曾試圖搶劫我，可這一點(diǎn)并不重要。

一個(gè)人因?yàn)殄X而死，不一定是我的錢或者是他的錢，只是錢。是誰(shuí)給他的生命如此標(biāo)價(jià)的呢?

我記得有一個(gè)晚上和朋友一起開(kāi)著她父母的車，在卡爾頓街和圖蘭街交叉處遇到紅燈，車停了下來(lái)。這時(shí)有一個(gè)黑人從我們車前穿過(guò)馬路。我的朋友便不由自主地鎖上了車門。

我很討厭她一看到那個(gè)黑人就鎖上車門的舉動(dòng)。不知他是否注意到了我們這一舉動(dòng)。

不知當(dāng)別人一看到你就鎖上車門，那會(huì)是一種什么樣的感覺(jué)。

我又設(shè)想另外一種在我的公寓前遭遇歹徒的情景。當(dāng)一個(gè)人向我要錢時(shí)我正帶著槍。我很生氣又很害怕，但我沒(méi)有用槍。

我害怕在我不使用槍的情況下可能發(fā)生的事情，但我更害怕殺死別人，害怕在因?yàn)闅⒘巳硕沽夹脑馐艿臒o(wú)盡譴責(zé)中活著。

于是我以生命做賭注，希望他拿了我的錢就會(huì)離開(kāi)。但愿我能贏。

現(xiàn)在我走進(jìn)了我家附近的一家加油站。一個(gè)黑人已經(jīng)在排隊(duì)等候。

他突然跳起來(lái)并轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，在看見(jiàn)我以后才放松下來(lái)，對(duì)我說(shuō)我嚇著他了，因?yàn)檫@一帶常出事。

“對(duì)不起，”我微笑著說(shuō)。我意識(shí)到擔(dān)驚受怕的并不只是我一個(gè)人。Unit8a 奇思妙想是如何形成的，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有令人滿意的解釋。

你對(duì)某一個(gè)問(wèn)題思考了很久，直至感到疲勞，把它忘掉了，也許暫時(shí)不去想它了，可后來(lái)卻忽然來(lái)了靈感!當(dāng)你不去想它的時(shí)候，答案卻突然從天而降，仿佛上蒼賜予你的一份禮物。

當(dāng)然，并非所有的思想都是這樣產(chǎn)生的，但許多思想的產(chǎn)生確實(shí)如此，尤其是那些最為重要的思想。它們猛然間躍入人的腦海，閃爍著創(chuàng)造的光芒。

它們是如何出現(xiàn)在人的腦海中的呢?這還是個(gè)謎。但這些思想一定來(lái)自某個(gè)地方。我們姑且假定它們是來(lái)自“潛意識(shí)”吧。

這是有道理的，心理學(xué)家就是用這一術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)描述不為人知的思維過(guò)程。創(chuàng)造性思維有賴于未知的東西變成已知的東西。

我們都有過(guò)靈機(jī)一動(dòng)、突然有了一個(gè)新想法的經(jīng)歷，而這在那些富有創(chuàng)造性的天才人物身上最顯而易見(jiàn)。他們中的許多人對(duì)這種經(jīng)歷有著強(qiáng)烈的感受，并在回憶錄和信函中將其記錄了下來(lái)。

無(wú)論是宗教、哲學(xué)、文學(xué)，還是藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)，甚至數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、技術(shù)發(fā)明，在任何領(lǐng)域的天才人物身上，我們都能找到這樣的例子，雖然人們常常認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)以及技術(shù)發(fā)明所依賴的僅僅是邏輯和實(shí)驗(yàn)。一切真正創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)都在某種程度上依賴于潛意識(shí)中的這些信號(hào)；一個(gè)人洞察力越強(qiáng)，這些信號(hào)就越鮮明、越引人注目。

以理查德·瓦格納創(chuàng)作《萊茵河的黃金》的前奏曲為例。

有關(guān)“鐘聲”的創(chuàng)意瓦格納已經(jīng)構(gòu)思了幾年時(shí)間，而他竭盡全力著手進(jìn)行作曲也已經(jīng)數(shù)月。

1853年9月4日他抵達(dá)斯佩齊亞，當(dāng)時(shí)他正在生病。他去了一家旅館。由于旅館外面噪音太大，而他又在發(fā)燒，所以他無(wú)法入睡。第二天，他出去散步，走了很長(zhǎng)的路，下午，他一頭扎進(jìn)沙發(fā)想睡一覺(jué)。這時(shí)候，他的潛意識(shí)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直在尋找的奇跡發(fā)生了。

他進(jìn)入了似睡非睡的朦朧狀態(tài)，驟然間感覺(jué)到自己仿佛掉進(jìn)了滔滔洪水之中, 不斷地下沉，很快，洪水的沖擊聲和咆哮聲以音樂(lè)的形式呈現(xiàn)在他的腦海里。

他意識(shí)到，久存于心中、卻始終未能譜寫成的《萊茵河的黃金》管弦樂(lè)前奏曲終于在他腦海里形成了。在這個(gè)事例中，意識(shí)在創(chuàng)作的時(shí)候?qū)Πl(fā)現(xiàn)答案的實(shí)際過(guò)程一無(wú)所知。

作為對(duì)照，我們可以舉一個(gè)有名的事例，即法國(guó)偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家亨利·龐加萊發(fā)現(xiàn)被稱為富克斯函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)新方法的故事。

我們看到，在這位天才人物身上，意識(shí)活動(dòng)事實(shí)上一直注視著潛意識(shí)所起的作用。一連幾個(gè)星期，他每天伏案工作，花上一兩個(gè)小時(shí)嘗試著大量的組合，但毫無(wú)結(jié)果。一天夜里，他一反常規(guī)，喝了些清咖啡，無(wú)法入睡。

許多想法在他腦子里不斷涌現(xiàn)；他幾乎能感覺(jué)到這些想法在相互碰撞，直到其中的兩個(gè)結(jié)合在一起，形成了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的組合。

到了早晨，他已經(jīng)確證了一類富克斯函數(shù)的存在。他只需去證明其結(jié)果，而這只需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)即可以解決。

在這件事中，我們看到意識(shí)一直注視著在潛意識(shí)中形成的新組合，而瓦格納的例子則顯示了一個(gè)新想法在意識(shí)中的突然迸發(fā)。笛卡爾23歲時(shí)所做過(guò)的、決定了他的人生道路的一些夢(mèng)，可以作為第三種創(chuàng)造性經(jīng)歷的例證。在這之前，笛卡爾一直在尋找確定性，先是在書本里，然后是在人群中，但均未成功。

然后，在1619年11月10日的一次睡夢(mèng)中，他有了一個(gè)意義重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即確定性只存在于自己的思想中，“我思，故我在”。

這場(chǎng)夢(mèng)使他充滿了強(qiáng)烈的宗教熱情。

瓦格納、龐加萊和笛卡爾的經(jīng)歷代表了各個(gè)文化領(lǐng)域中無(wú)數(shù)其他的經(jīng)歷。潛意識(shí)無(wú)疑是本能活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的源泉。

然而，在創(chuàng)造性思維過(guò)程中，正是潛意識(shí)使得相對(duì)無(wú)序的成分變成新的有序形式。Unit8b 客人已經(jīng)到了, 但我又一次忘了把葡萄酒放進(jìn)冰箱里?！皠e擔(dān)心，” 一位朋友說(shuō)，“我馬上就能替你把酒冰好?！?/p>

五分鐘后，她拿著完全冰鎮(zhèn)好的葡萄酒從廚房走出來(lái)。

當(dāng)被問(wèn)到有什么秘訣時(shí)，她說(shuō)：“我把葡萄酒倒進(jìn)塑料袋里，再把袋子浸入冰水中?！?/p>

客人們鼓掌喝彩。

其中一個(gè)說(shuō)，“要是我們大家都能這么聰明, 該多好啊!”

十年來(lái)的研究使我確信, 我們都能變得那樣聰明。

普通人與愛(ài)迪生、畢加索或者莎士比亞之間的差別不在于是否有創(chuàng)造力, 而在于是否有通過(guò)激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性靈感并將這種靈感付諸實(shí)踐來(lái)利用創(chuàng)造力的能力。

我們大多數(shù)人很少能充分發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造潛力，可蘊(yùn)藏在我們每個(gè)人大腦里的思想寶庫(kù)是能夠被開(kāi)啟的。

下面介紹幾種提高創(chuàng)造力的具體方法。

捕捉稍縱即逝的想法。

好的想法就像兔子，會(huì)飛快地溜走，有時(shí)我們只能看到它的耳朵或者尾巴。所以, 要抓住它必須有所準(zhǔn)備。

有創(chuàng)造力的人總是隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備采取行動(dòng)——這也許是我們與這些人之間的唯一差別。

1821年，路德維?！し病へ惗喾以诮o朋友的一封信中談到他在馬車上打盹時(shí)想到了一首美妙的曲子，“可我一醒來(lái), 那首曲子便無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了，我怎么也記不起來(lái)?！?/p>

好在當(dāng)貝多芬第二天乘坐同一輛馬車時(shí)，那首曲子又回到了他的腦海，于是他把它記錄了下來(lái)，這對(duì)于貝多芬和我們都可謂是一件幸事。

有好主意的時(shí)候，把它寫下來(lái)——必要時(shí)就寫在手臂上。并非所有的想法都有價(jià)值, 但先捉住它, 以后再作評(píng)價(jià)。

冥思遐想。

畫家薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利經(jīng)常手拿著勺子躺在沙發(fā)上。當(dāng)他要入睡時(shí)，勺子就會(huì)掉到地板上的盤子里。

響聲會(huì)將他驚醒，他便立刻把在那個(gè)似睡非睡時(shí)的豐富世界里腦海中所浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)的眾多形象繪成草圖。人人都會(huì)經(jīng)歷這種奇特的狀態(tài)，并可以加以利用。不妨試一試達(dá)利的方法或者干脆讓自己隨心所欲地遐想。

身處“三地”——床、浴室和公共汽車——常常會(huì)使你產(chǎn)生奇思妙想。只要你的思維不受干擾，你就會(huì)才思如泉涌。

尋找挑戰(zhàn)。

試一試邀請(qǐng)你生活中不同領(lǐng)域的朋友和商業(yè)伙伴來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

把不同年齡、不同社會(huì)地位的人組合在一起，會(huì)促使你用新的方法來(lái)思考問(wèn)題。

美國(guó)最具創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)明家之一埃德溫·蘭德說(shuō)，使他產(chǎn)生發(fā)明寶麗來(lái)相機(jī)這一想法的是他三歲的女兒。1943年在去圣菲游覽時(shí)，女兒?jiǎn)査?，為什么她無(wú)法看到他剛剛拍攝的照片。

在接下來(lái)的一小時(shí)里，蘭德一邊在圣菲游覽，一邊在腦中匯聚著他學(xué)過(guò)的所有化學(xué)知識(shí)?！罢障鄼C(jī)和膠片對(duì)于我變得清晰可見(jiàn)。在我的腦海里，它們?nèi)绱苏鎸?shí)，我用了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)琢磨它們?！?/p>

拓展你的視野。

許多理工和人文科學(xué)方面的發(fā)現(xiàn)都融合了不同領(lǐng)域中的思想。以“兩繩問(wèn)題”為例。

兩根相距甚遠(yuǎn)的繩子分別從天花板上垂下來(lái)。

盡管你無(wú)法同時(shí)夠到兩根繩子，但有沒(méi)有可能只用一把鉗子就把兩根繩子系到一起呢?

一位大學(xué)生把鉗子系到一根繩子上，然后讓它像鐘擺那樣擺動(dòng)起來(lái)。在繩子來(lái)回?cái)[動(dòng)的時(shí)候，他迅速走到另一根繩子那兒，將其盡量向前拉。當(dāng)擺動(dòng)的繩子靠近他時(shí)，他把它抓住，然后將兩根繩子系到一起。

當(dāng)被問(wèn)到是如何取得成功時(shí)，這個(gè)大學(xué)生解釋道，他剛剛上完一堂有關(guān)擺動(dòng)的物理課。他是把課堂上學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用到了一個(gè)完全不同的地方。

這個(gè)道理在其他方面也同樣有效。要提高創(chuàng)造力，就得學(xué)習(xí)新的知識(shí)。

如果你是銀行家，就學(xué)一學(xué)跳踢踏舞；如果你是護(hù)士，就學(xué)一學(xué)維他命療法。讀一本關(guān)于某一門新學(xué)科的書，不要總是讀同一家日?qǐng)?bào)。

新的東西與舊的東西會(huì)以全新的、可能是非常誘人的方式結(jié)合起來(lái)。

要變得更有創(chuàng)造力意味著你得留心你那些無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的想法, 學(xué)會(huì)捕捉你腦子里的新東西，并將之付諸行動(dòng)。Unit9a 一個(gè)大學(xué)教授的學(xué)生可能多達(dá)百人或百人以上，也可能少至三人。不管有多少學(xué)生，這當(dāng)中總有一個(gè)學(xué)生與眾不同，甚至是出類拔萃。不管教授的問(wèn)題有多艱深，這種學(xué)生似乎都知道該如何作答。而且不管要求什么時(shí)候交功課，他都能按時(shí)交，而且不犯一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。

你當(dāng)然知道有這樣的學(xué)生，也許他會(huì)激起你心中的怨氣。

當(dāng)然了，能成為這樣的人會(huì)是一件非常美妙的事情，但是因?yàn)椴皇悄惚救吮憩F(xiàn)得那么優(yōu)秀，你拿不出高分，也不能游刃有余地完成作業(yè)，于是怨氣越積越多。你也許會(huì)自問(wèn)：“為什么我就不能像那家伙一樣呢？為什么我就成不了出類拔萃的人呢？” 那我現(xiàn)在就告訴你，你能成為那樣的人。

作為一個(gè)大學(xué)生，我對(duì)好學(xué)生和差學(xué)生所體現(xiàn)出的不同之處非常感興趣。

我并沒(méi)有坐著不動(dòng)，也沒(méi)有嫉恨好學(xué)生，相反，我決定以此為己任去調(diào)查是什么神秘的原因讓他們表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異。

在訪談了很多優(yōu)秀學(xué)生及其教授后，我通過(guò)分析得出了幾條建議，任何人都可以采納這幾條建議來(lái)激發(fā)自己身上的優(yōu)秀潛質(zhì)，使自己更上一層樓。

第一條建議是：不要拖欠。

對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)，開(kāi)始動(dòng)手就很難，但如果你想把三周的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)在一個(gè)周末就搞定，幾乎是不可能的。即使閱讀速度最快的人也難以完成。

再說(shuō)了，如果該交的書面作業(yè)你拖欠了的話，就是老師后面收了也會(huì)扣你的分?；蛟S他根本就不接受遲交的作業(yè)。

大多數(shù)老師都認(rèn)為，你應(yīng)該有合理的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，并且要認(rèn)真對(duì)待。不能處理好學(xué)習(xí)和時(shí)間問(wèn)題的學(xué)生是難以有機(jī)會(huì)出頭的。

學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題就是如何應(yīng)付大量的學(xué)習(xí)資料；東西太多了，你簡(jiǎn)直不知道何從下手。很多人可能想從最容易的做起，然而，這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的。得考慮換種方式。

應(yīng)該總是從最困難的地方入手，先除掉攔路虎。也許這需要你投入更多的精力。

如果你開(kāi)始就選擇從難的部分下手，你就會(huì)投入更多的精力。

如果任務(wù)個(gè)個(gè)都看起來(lái)一樣簡(jiǎn)單（或困難），那就把最喜歡的留到最后做。

在十一點(diǎn)半的時(shí)候你會(huì)更愿意去閱讀那些聽(tīng)起來(lái)都的確有趣的政治學(xué)文章，而不太情愿去學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，那任務(wù)讓人覺(jué)得十分枯燥，但又不能不做。完成困難的后再做有趣的會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得這是對(duì)自己的犒勞。這是第二條建議。

第三條建議跟考試有關(guān)。

盡管我們?cè)趯W(xué)校里參加過(guò)千百次的考試，但我們卻很少停下來(lái)想想怎樣考好試。考試考得好的人并不是馬不停蹄做到底，見(jiàn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題就答一個(gè)。首先，他們快速通讀試題。

接著，他們集中精力完成自己掌握得最好的部分，因?yàn)橛凶孕牛曰卮鸬靡部?。最后他們才處理有一定難度的問(wèn)題。

對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)，適應(yīng)這一套應(yīng)付考試的做法可能顯得怪異，但它確實(shí)會(huì)對(duì)你有好處。

這三條建議會(huì)讓你學(xué)業(yè)更加成功。

如果你問(wèn)一下自己周圍表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的同學(xué)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的好點(diǎn)子。

要向他人學(xué)習(xí)，采用他們的方法來(lái)改善自己的學(xué)習(xí)狀況，這樣你肯定會(huì)提高自己的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。過(guò)一段時(shí)間后，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你自己就是一個(gè)“與眾不同”的人。然后你也會(huì)注意到其他學(xué)生正妒忌你或者想方設(shè)法去發(fā)現(xiàn)你的秘訣。Unit9b 這個(gè)問(wèn)題無(wú)處不在。從走廊到校園的每個(gè)角落到處都能聽(tīng)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。每個(gè)人都在問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。它是新的流行詞匯，新的搭訕語(yǔ)，比“你是什么星座的？”用得還多。不過(guò)我卻難以作答。我討厭這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

我的專業(yè)尚未確定，就跟那些尚在腹中剛剛開(kāi)始孕育的嬰兒一樣。而且，按照我的態(tài)勢(shì)，我只能等著流產(chǎn)了?？粗晒┻x擇的專業(yè)目錄，我還是拿不定主意。我會(huì)因?yàn)楠q豫不決而不得不退學(xué)嗎？

如果這個(gè)難題解決不了，我的生活會(huì)沒(méi)有了快樂(lè)嗎？

明天是確定專業(yè)的最后一天。最后一天哪！

其他每個(gè)人都在快樂(lè)地生活著，他們都選定了學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，憧憬著未來(lái)。這個(gè)決定實(shí)在是重大之極，我仍然沒(méi)有取得大的進(jìn)展?！氨轮保迸笥褌儠?huì)說(shuō)，“你總還可以學(xué)商業(yè)”。

商業(yè)？ 我不干。我是個(gè)藝術(shù)家。寧死也不學(xué)商業(yè)。

實(shí)際上，我甚至連大學(xué)都可以不上，只要出去闖世界就行了，我出眾的技藝和能力很快就會(huì)得到認(rèn)同。就在我命運(yùn)即將被決定的前夜，我父母設(shè)宴款待他們的兩個(gè)朋友。

終于可以歇口氣了！

難道我父母的朋友會(huì)關(guān)心專業(yè)什么的？

我可以心平氣和地吃飯，可以暫時(shí)擺脫這個(gè)問(wèn)題休息幾小時(shí)了。不過(guò)我錯(cuò)了，他們談的內(nèi)容都跟專業(yè)有關(guān)。

他倆都把自己的專業(yè)講給我聽(tīng)，還對(duì)我該選什么專業(yè)發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。盡管如此，他們的建議根本不能讓我在選專業(yè)的道路上有任何進(jìn)展，而是讓我更加糊涂。

我們的客人似乎都不太適合他們所選的工作。

就說(shuō)艾爾肯斯醫(yī)生吧，他宣稱自己是外科手術(shù)專家，可連切肉都成問(wèn)題。而艾伯森先生雖然是個(gè)海軍飛行員，卻連飯都喂不到嘴里去。他老是把飯往地板上掉。

我無(wú)法想象他開(kāi)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的技術(shù)會(huì)是什么樣子。

飯吃完了，客人也離開(kāi)了，夜更深了，而我的專業(yè)還是處于“未定”狀態(tài)。

我把專業(yè)目錄拿出來(lái)，又開(kāi)始一頁(yè)頁(yè)地翻看起可選的專業(yè)來(lái)，這都翻得有上百萬(wàn)次了。計(jì)算機(jī)？ 學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)的人已經(jīng)數(shù)不勝數(shù)了。漢語(yǔ)？

我倒是一直想去中國(guó)，但似乎我到中國(guó)也用不著學(xué)漢語(yǔ)專業(yè)，甚至也不需要流利地說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。機(jī)械？ 不。廣告？ 還是不行。真是沒(méi)指望了。

像其他大學(xué)生常常做的一樣，我決定只管睡上一陣子，只要早點(diǎn)醒來(lái)，我就能給這個(gè)巨難的問(wèn)題找到答案。我也鬧不太清楚為什么大學(xué)生會(huì)認(rèn)為他們的大腦在凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)到六點(diǎn)之間會(huì)發(fā)生特殊的處理過(guò)程，讓他們一下子把事情都弄清楚。

這辦法過(guò)去對(duì)我是管用的，但這次卻失效了。

實(shí)際上，跟其他大學(xué)生也常?？赡苡龅降那樾我粯?，我睡過(guò)頭了，早上10點(diǎn)才醒過(guò)來(lái), 錯(cuò)過(guò)了第一堂課──英語(yǔ)文學(xué)概況。我還有三個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)決定將來(lái)致力于哪個(gè)工作，或者做隨便什么事情。我總還可以學(xué)商業(yè)。

在沖向?qū)W校的時(shí)候，我路過(guò)了一家電影院，那里正在上映《一次不夠》。這部電影取材于杰奎琳·蘇珊的暢銷小說(shuō)，大衛(wèi)·簡(jiǎn)森主演。等等！電影，我喜歡電影！

我可以學(xué)習(xí)電影專業(yè)。不行，沒(méi)有電影這個(gè)專業(yè)。

“但有電影制作專業(yè)”，我想起來(lái)了。就是它了！

我曾經(jīng)迷茫，但現(xiàn)在我找回自我了。我有專業(yè)了！

十五年后，我想起了我那些朋友，他們當(dāng)時(shí)確定了專業(yè)，滿懷信心地開(kāi)始自己的大學(xué)生涯。

想起那些到處問(wèn)“你學(xué)什么專業(yè)？”的朋友們，現(xiàn)在他們中極少有人從事自己當(dāng)初所選專業(yè)方面的工作。我最后也沒(méi)有成為電影制作人。有時(shí)候我仍然感到自己專業(yè)“未定”。

只要你的大學(xué)生活是豐富多彩的，你學(xué)什么專業(yè)真的無(wú)關(guān)緊要。你要參加自己感興趣的活動(dòng)，樂(lè)于了解這個(gè)世界。你有充足的時(shí)間來(lái)決定將來(lái)做什么工作。Unit10a 我祖父母認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人要么誠(chéng)實(shí)，要么不誠(chéng)實(shí)，兩者之間沒(méi)有折中可言。

在他們起居室的墻上掛著一句樸實(shí)無(wú)華的格言：“生活如新雪覆蓋的大地，走過(guò)之處必定留下足跡?！?他們沒(méi)有必要去用語(yǔ)言作出解釋, 因?yàn)樗麄冇米约旱纳罘绞接∽C了這一真理。

他們生來(lái)就認(rèn)為，所謂正直，就是有自己的道德界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，既不貪財(cái)圖利，也不因所處的環(huán)境而妥協(xié)。正直是判斷自身行為的心靈標(biāo)尺。

遺憾的是，正直這一品格如今已不多見(jiàn)，而且越來(lái)越難尋覓了。

但它卻是社會(huì)各領(lǐng)域的真正基礎(chǔ)，也是我們必須要求自己遵循的一條原則。

檢驗(yàn)這一價(jià)值觀的一個(gè)好辦法就是運(yùn)用本人所說(shuō)的“正直三角原則”，即下列三大原則：

在面對(duì)個(gè)人壓力的時(shí)候要堅(jiān)定自己的信念。

有這樣一個(gè)故事，講的是一位外科護(hù)士第一天到一家知名醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療小組協(xié)助手術(shù)的故事。她的責(zé)任是確保將手術(shù)中的每樣手術(shù)器械和手術(shù)材料都如數(shù)清點(diǎn)好。

這位護(hù)士對(duì)主刀醫(yī)生說(shuō)：“您只拿出了11塊止血紗布，而我們一共用了12塊。我們必須找到最后那一塊紗布?！?/p>

“我全拿出來(lái)了，” 外科醫(yī)生肯定地對(duì)她說(shuō)?！艾F(xiàn)在開(kāi)始縫合刀口。”

“您不能這樣做，先生，”護(hù)士堅(jiān)決反對(duì)，“我們應(yīng)該為病人著想。”

醫(yī)生露出了笑容，他抬起腳，讓護(hù)士看到了第12塊紗布。

“你在這家醫(yī)院或其他任何一家醫(yī)院都會(huì)干得很出色的。”他用肯定的語(yǔ)氣對(duì)她說(shuō)。

所以，當(dāng)你確信自己是正確的，就決不能讓步。

總是給予別人他們應(yīng)得的表?yè)P(yáng)。

不要害怕那些主意比你妙甚至比你聰明的人。

戴維·奧格爾維是奧美廣告公司的創(chuàng)始人，他送給新任命的各部門主管每人一個(gè)俄羅斯套娃，每個(gè)套娃從大到小依次有五個(gè)娃娃，以此來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)道理。

最小的那個(gè)娃娃里面裝著奧格爾維要告訴他們的話：“如果我們每個(gè)人都聘用比我們小的人，那么我們的公司就會(huì)變成一個(gè)矮子公司。但是如果我們每個(gè)人都聘用比我們大的人，那么奧美廣告公司就會(huì)變成一家巨人公司?！?/p>

而奧美廣告公司后來(lái)真的變成了巨人——國(guó)際上規(guī)模最大、名望最高的廣告公司之一。

要誠(chéng)實(shí)坦白地表現(xiàn)真正的自我。

缺乏實(shí)實(shí)在在內(nèi)涵的人會(huì)去依靠外部因素——如長(zhǎng)相或地位——來(lái)保持良好的自我感覺(jué)。他們必然會(huì)不擇手段地去維護(hù)自己的這種假面具，而不太會(huì)去努力提高自己的內(nèi)涵和素質(zhì)。

因此，要表現(xiàn)出真正的自我。

別去設(shè)法掩蓋生活中那些不盡人意的方面。

正如羅伯特·舒勒所說(shuō)，“艱苦的時(shí)光終將過(guò)去，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人必將苦盡甘來(lái)?！?換言之，要正視現(xiàn)實(shí)，要以成熟的心態(tài)去迎接生活的挑戰(zhàn)。

自尊和問(wèn)心無(wú)愧是正直的兩個(gè)重要組成部分，也是加深你與他人關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。

為人正直意味著去做你應(yīng)該做的事，因?yàn)槟鞘菍?duì)的，而不是因?yàn)楹虾醭绷骰蛴狭苏紊系男枰?。在生活中如果能?jiān)持原則，抵制住放松道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的種種誘惑，那你就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)立于不敗之地。這樣，你在跨入21世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，就不必為自己過(guò)去的所做所為而抱憾。這就是我祖父祖母教給我的做人的道理。Unit10b 對(duì)一代又一代的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，寫學(xué)期論文即使不是最可怕的作業(yè)，也至少一直是讓他們頭疼和沮喪的主要原因。

但是對(duì)于那些可以上網(wǎng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，借助幾次鏈接就可以竊取到相關(guān)的資料。

當(dāng)代學(xué)生若想抄襲學(xué)期論文，用不著費(fèi)勁去查找。

他只要找對(duì)網(wǎng)址，就可以在那兒購(gòu)買、預(yù)定或免費(fèi)下載網(wǎng)上的論文。

例如在“大學(xué)關(guān)心網(wǎng)助研中心”就能辦到。

你想“寫”一篇關(guān)于“哈姆雷特所面臨的不可調(diào)和的道德困境”的論文嗎? 只要交上29.75美元，文章就歸你了。

對(duì)于那些覺(jué)得這還太貴的人來(lái)說(shuō)，可以另覓他法。

“大學(xué)關(guān)心網(wǎng)”以每頁(yè)5.95美元的價(jià)格出售收錄在檔的現(xiàn)成論文，且“論文質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)低”。這樣，對(duì)于那些在乎價(jià)格的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，買上幾頁(yè)就可大功告成了。

“論文精粹”是另一個(gè)學(xué)生援助網(wǎng)站，它提供“優(yōu)質(zhì)” 而“價(jià)廉”的學(xué)期論文?！白屇Q心、保您成功”，這是該網(wǎng)站向潛在客戶夸下的?？凇?/p>

如果你實(shí)在太懶或?qū)嵲谔?，沒(méi)時(shí)間寫學(xué)期論文，那么“論文精粹”時(shí)刻恭候著你。只要一次性交費(fèi)9.95美元，你就能在一整學(xué)期看到別人的論文。

有的網(wǎng)址，如“學(xué)期論文大賣場(chǎng)”和“絕對(duì)免費(fèi)：網(wǎng)上論文”免費(fèi)提供課程論文。也就是說(shuō)，只要你找到了想要的文章，你只需按一下鍵，然后下載即可。

當(dāng)然，學(xué)生們對(duì)這些網(wǎng)上資源了如指掌，于是有人擔(dān)心，因特網(wǎng)一旦成為廣受歡迎的最佳學(xué)習(xí)工具，也可能會(huì)變成作弊的最佳輔助手段。

對(duì)于教師來(lái)說(shuō)，他們面對(duì)的問(wèn)題是要分辨學(xué)生是否是論文的真正作者。

不過(guò)，據(jù)簡(jiǎn)·莫里森助教解釋，對(duì)于眼光敏銳的老師來(lái)說(shuō)，這件事也許不太難。

“如果文章是來(lái)自因特網(wǎng)，學(xué)生會(huì)不敢正眼看我，他們會(huì)表現(xiàn)出不安，只是低頭看著自己的雙腳。而如果論文是自己一字一句寫出來(lái)的，這樣的學(xué)生能就自己的文章侃侃而談，而且敢正視我。”莫里森說(shuō)。

抄襲學(xué)期論文并不是什么新鮮事，多年來(lái)人們一直在用盜來(lái)的知識(shí)財(cái)富做交易。但是因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)提出了這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：這種新技術(shù)是否在使作弊變得更為普遍?

伯克利大學(xué)的一位高級(jí)管理人員對(duì)此表示懷疑。“對(duì)想要作弊的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，不管技術(shù)水平如何，他都會(huì)作弊。認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)這種新工具會(huì)提高作弊的發(fā)生率，我覺(jué)得這是一種偏激的觀點(diǎn)?！奔永铩h德曼說(shuō)。

這一觀點(diǎn)得到了伯克利大學(xué)一位名叫阿里亞尼·徹諾克的研究生的支持。他說(shuō)，學(xué)生們最終還是要靠自己來(lái)判斷怎樣做對(duì)自己最有利。

“這是個(gè)關(guān)乎誠(chéng)實(shí)與否的問(wèn)題。我們來(lái)這兒是學(xué)知識(shí)的，所以我們應(yīng)該充分利用這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。”

再則，有創(chuàng)造力的教師可以布置出學(xué)生無(wú)法作弊的作業(yè)來(lái)。

“如果你布置的作業(yè)新穎獨(dú)特，比如學(xué)生們必須根據(jù)給定的內(nèi)容寫一份講義、寫一個(gè)劇本，或用第一人稱寫一篇敘述文，那么你就能制止來(lái)路不正的作業(yè)?！眻D書館媒體教師萊斯利·法默如是說(shuō)。

有的專家說(shuō)，這種策略將從根本上迫使學(xué)生去更多地學(xué)習(xí)，而不只是下載網(wǎng)上的資料。

第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one?s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, ?out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn?t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |獎(jiǎng)賞；回報(bào) He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可觀的回報(bào)。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人們繼續(xù)努力工作，就有必要獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |獎(jiǎng)賞；回報(bào)

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)了考試，父母獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給她一輛新自行車。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并沒(méi)有得到嘉獎(jiǎng)

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意義的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|鍛煉身體對(duì)每個(gè)人都會(huì)有好處。She finds her career very rewarding.|她覺(jué)得自己的工作很有意義。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮喪，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏證據(jù)而感到傷腦筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|學(xué)習(xí)一門新語(yǔ)言的困難使那些想立即使用那種語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生沮喪不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫敗，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|壞天氣使我們打消了外出的念頭。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫敗了他逃跑的企圖。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她從本地一家報(bào)社當(dāng)初級(jí)記者干起，通過(guò)努力職位不斷上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|學(xué)生在小學(xué)上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小幾歲。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一個(gè)比自己小7歲的男人結(jié)了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等級(jí)）較低者；晚輩

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，現(xiàn)在是我的下屬。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早該清楚自己下屬的所作所為。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|積極的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向瑪麗討教，因?yàn)楸娝苤偸菓B(tài)度積極, 會(huì)使大家感覺(jué)良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我們必須采取積極措施改善貧困家庭的處境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |確實(shí)的，明確的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|這在我看來(lái)是不可能的，但她卻非?？隙?。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，這一點(diǎn)我絕對(duì)肯定。

<6>senior |a.|having a higher position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較高的 Students leave middle school at the end of their senior year.|學(xué)生在中學(xué)高年級(jí)結(jié)束之后離校。The delegation consists of senior figures from education and business.|代表團(tuán)由教育界和工商界的資深人士組成。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |較年長(zhǎng)者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在該百貨店可得到九折的優(yōu)惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9歲。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等級(jí)）較高者；長(zhǎng)輩 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我們中間只有年資較高的人才有決定權(quán)。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部長(zhǎng)都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，舊時(shí)的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英國(guó)小偷被處以絞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公園的規(guī)模已被縮減到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小變化和大變化兩者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果讓大家選擇是要白T恤還是綠T恤，大多數(shù)會(huì)選擇前者，因?yàn)榫G色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他堅(jiān)毅、穩(wěn)健，跟她認(rèn)識(shí)的其他男人不一樣。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的報(bào)告與以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐嚇，威脅

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他們脅迫他干他們要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|約翰威脅他弟弟，不準(zhǔn)他把真相告訴父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜愛(ài)音樂(lè)，但因家里太窮，他沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)去學(xué)。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展現(xiàn)自己才能的機(jī)會(huì)。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |聯(lián)線的；聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；在線的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他選了網(wǎng)上課程以提高英語(yǔ)水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在線調(diào)查結(jié)果證明是積極的。

ad.|doing sth.online |聯(lián)線地；聯(lián)網(wǎng)地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我剛好要上網(wǎng)查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 現(xiàn)今，顧客80%以上的咨詢都給予在線答復(fù)。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交際；通訊

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手機(jī)是重要的通訊工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代溝的產(chǎn)生是由于青老年間缺乏交流。

<13>medium |n.|[C](pl.media or mediums)a method for giving information |媒介，媒體 TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.|電視是傳遞消息和觀點(diǎn)的媒體。Light travels through the medium of air.|光通過(guò)空氣傳送。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他們?cè)谑兄行挠写敝械却笮〉姆孔印?/p>

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他適合穿哪個(gè)尺碼的襯衣——大號(hào)還是中

號(hào)？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |調(diào)制解調(diào)器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他買計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)忘記拿調(diào)制解調(diào)器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|連接因特網(wǎng)必須用調(diào)制解調(diào)器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用權(quán)

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|這個(gè)學(xué)校里的人可以免費(fèi)使用那間電腦室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|學(xué)生可以選擇多種課程以滿足他們的個(gè)人興趣和職業(yè)規(guī)劃。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|這是通向大樓的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|這條路是進(jìn)出這個(gè)小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |參與，參加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成員拒絕參加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年滿8歲或8歲以上的人才可參加拼寫比賽。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虛擬的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|該設(shè)備有助于提高虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的實(shí)用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他們新近的在線研究是以對(duì)虛擬教室需求介紹開(kāi)始的。

2.almost what is stated |實(shí)質(zhì)上的；實(shí)際上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事實(shí)上已肯定你將是班上最好的學(xué)生； 你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停車位是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，獻(xiàn)身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的投入使我成為小鎮(zhèn)上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|這雖然不是個(gè)全職項(xiàng)目，但卻需要投入大量的時(shí)間。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承諾，許諾，保證 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是終生的承諾。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州長(zhǎng)信誓旦旦地保證要給州里創(chuàng)造更多工作機(jī)會(huì)。

<19>discipline |n.|1.[U] a state of order and control;self-control |紀(jì)律；自制能力 He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.|因?yàn)榧o(jì)律太嚴(yán)，他不喜歡軍隊(duì)生活。It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight.|要做到少吃減肥得遵守許多清規(guī)戒律。

2.[C] a branch of learning |學(xué)科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她沒(méi)有決定在大學(xué)選修哪門學(xué)科，但她可能學(xué)歷史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)科目受學(xué)生歡迎的程度有所降低，而今工商類的課程更受他們青睞。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|購(gòu)買香煙最低年齡是18歲。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那個(gè)銀行開(kāi)戶至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起碼要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|這是她開(kāi)的最低價(jià)，她拒絕再降價(jià)。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任務(wù)；作業(yè)

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任務(wù)中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老師要求學(xué)生每天完成作業(yè)。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尷尬，使難堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上臺(tái)不知道說(shuō)什么使我感到尷尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我沒(méi)有讓你在朋友面前感到尷尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尷尬的；令人難堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|別問(wèn)我這種尷尬的問(wèn)題。The situation is embarrassing.|這種情形令人很尷尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮喪；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|詩(shī)歌一定程度上表達(dá)了我對(duì)世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|數(shù)學(xué)考試很難，做題時(shí)我沮喪得差點(diǎn)掉淚，但還是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |發(fā)帖子；張貼

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能幫我們把廣告復(fù)印一份貼到公告欄里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上貼出通知，告誡所有用戶檢查自己的軟盤。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不間斷的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不斷，我很生氣。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|盡管疼痛不止，他仍然拒絕使用任何藥物。

2.happening again and again |多次重復(fù)的；頻繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人們不斷要求改善工作環(huán)境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的頻繁新聞報(bào)道使很多生產(chǎn)廠家擔(dān)心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不間斷地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物館不斷地?cái)U(kuò)展——年年都可看到新東西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎樣努力不去想以往的失敗，這些事老在心頭縈繞。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重復(fù)地;頻頻地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在變。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|獲得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|現(xiàn)在他們?cè)撜∷麄兊膭趧?dòng)成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，才有大收獲。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收獲

The women were all out reaping the fields.|婦女們都出去收割莊稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收獲水果和蔬菜的季節(jié)。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益處，好處

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些國(guó)家為初來(lái)者提供許多優(yōu)惠，如工作培訓(xùn)和語(yǔ)言課程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游業(yè)給這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來(lái)了豐厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|這個(gè)新的教學(xué)項(xiàng)目會(huì)使許多學(xué)生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票還能持續(xù)漲高，這樣就可從下跌利率中賺上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的見(jiàn)解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|這次講座使我們對(duì)語(yǔ)言處理有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我們對(duì)誘發(fā)孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交際

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他說(shuō)話慢慢吞吞，與人交流能力比較差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他們不能書信交流，因?yàn)橥蛔R(shí)字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |傳達(dá)；傳播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我們的老師表達(dá)思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她盡力向母親表明自己的擔(dān)憂。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜歡的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的諸多顏色中，我最喜歡紅色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上，大多數(shù)人都會(huì)為自己喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特別喜愛(ài)的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她寫的書我都喜歡，但最喜歡這本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母視其中一個(gè)孩子為掌上明珠常會(huì)引發(fā)家庭沖突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凱的兩個(gè)小孩年齡相差10歲。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我們決定要孩子以前，年齡差距對(duì)我們似乎沒(méi)什么影響。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有時(shí)，偶爾

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶爾會(huì)去看看戲。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有時(shí)他真想辭職。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|這表的價(jià)值超出標(biāo)價(jià)。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花點(diǎn)時(shí)間做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不僅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我覺(jué)得這場(chǎng)比賽非?？菰锒覜](méi)什么意義。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|這故事不僅有趣，而且其英語(yǔ)地道，值得一學(xué)。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一點(diǎn)都不

The composition is far from perfect.|這篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了傷害，但他還不是受傷害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |兩個(gè)；一些，幾個(gè)

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我還需要幾分鐘時(shí)間完成給老板的報(bào)告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他幾次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有權(quán)享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在這里的人可以免費(fèi)去那個(gè)游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到總部辦公室去，我就能向管理部門提出改善公司狀況的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |參加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我們要積極參與英語(yǔ)課的活動(dòng)。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中時(shí)，她參加過(guò)好幾項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |趕上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|這小孩為了趕上他哥哥只好跑了起來(lái)。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要趕上班上其他人還有困難。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放棄

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老師要我無(wú)論如何困難都不要放棄。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再爭(zhēng)取讓她改變主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔細(xì)考慮；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要時(shí)間好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她還沒(méi)有想清楚自己在聚會(huì)上要說(shuō)些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我從來(lái)沒(méi)有遇到像她父親那樣的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打掃房間時(shí)，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾張我父親還是嬰兒時(shí)的老照片，這些照片我過(guò)去從未見(jiàn)過(guò)。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |獲得益處，得到好處

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人從新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年應(yīng)該享受到更加個(gè)性化、實(shí)施質(zhì)量更好的服務(wù)。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...換...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把舊車換成了新車。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|為了還債，他只好把鋼琴拿去換錢。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|這場(chǎng)討論使我們對(duì)當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的原因有了真正的認(rèn)識(shí)。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|這件事使我們對(duì)他決心獲勝、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然來(lái)了，就留在這里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相處也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他們又是提價(jià)，又是減產(chǎn)，卻沒(méi)有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他選擇學(xué)英語(yǔ)，而沒(méi)選日語(yǔ)。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接觸，聯(lián)系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)使我們接觸新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同時(shí)也察覺(jué)到他正在聯(lián)系我；他在尋求幫助。

學(xué)外語(yǔ)

學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)是我一生中最艱苦也是最有意義的經(jīng)歷之一。雖然時(shí)常遭遇挫折，但卻非常有價(jià)值。

我學(xué)外語(yǔ)的經(jīng)歷始于初中的第一堂英語(yǔ)課。老師很慈祥耐心，時(shí)常表?yè)P(yáng)學(xué)生。由于這種積極的教學(xué)方法，我踴躍回答各種問(wèn)題，從不怕答錯(cuò)。兩年中，我的成績(jī)一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。然而，高中時(shí)的經(jīng)歷與以前大不相同。以前，老師對(duì)所有的學(xué)生都很耐心，而新老師則總是懲罰答錯(cuò)的學(xué)生。每當(dāng)有誰(shuí)回答錯(cuò)了，她就會(huì)

用長(zhǎng)教鞭指著我們，上下?lián)]舞大喊：“錯(cuò)！錯(cuò)！錯(cuò)！”沒(méi)有多久，我便不再渴望回答問(wèn)題了。我不僅失去了回答問(wèn)題的樂(lè)趣，而且根本就不想再用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)半個(gè)字。

好在這種情況沒(méi)持續(xù)多久。到了大學(xué)，我了解到所有學(xué)生必須上英語(yǔ)課。與高中老師不同，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)老師非常耐心和藹，而且從來(lái)不帶教鞭！不過(guò)情況卻遠(yuǎn)不盡如人意。由于班大，每堂課能輪到我回答的問(wèn)題寥寥無(wú)幾。上了幾周課后，我還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多同學(xué)的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得比我要好得多。我開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生一種畏懼感。雖然原因與高中時(shí)不同，但我卻又一次不敢開(kāi)口了。

看來(lái)我的英語(yǔ)水平要永遠(yuǎn)停步不前了。

直到幾年后我有機(jī)會(huì)參加遠(yuǎn)程英語(yǔ)課程，情況才有所改善。這種課程的媒介是一臺(tái)電腦、一條電話線和一個(gè)調(diào)制解調(diào)器。我很快配齊了必要的設(shè)備并跟一個(gè)朋友學(xué)會(huì)了電腦操作技術(shù)，于是我每周用5到7天在網(wǎng)上的虛擬課堂里學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)并不比普通的課堂學(xué)習(xí)容易。它需要花許多的時(shí)間，需要學(xué)習(xí)者專心自律，以跟上課程進(jìn)度。我盡力達(dá)到課程的最低要求，并按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。

我隨時(shí)隨地都在學(xué)習(xí)。不管去哪里，我都隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典和筆記本，筆記本上記著我遇到的生詞。我學(xué)習(xí)中出過(guò)許多錯(cuò)，有時(shí)是令人尷尬的錯(cuò)誤。有時(shí)我會(huì)因挫折而哭泣，有時(shí)甚至想放棄。但我從未因別的同學(xué)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得比我快而感到畏懼，因?yàn)樵陔娔X屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根據(jù)自己的需要花時(shí)間去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)靈活自如。盡管我還是常常出錯(cuò)，還有很多東西要學(xué)，但我已嘗到了刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的甜頭。

學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是非常艱辛的經(jīng)歷，但它又無(wú)比珍貴。它不僅使我懂得了艱苦努力的意義，而且讓我了解了不同的文化，讓我以一種全新的思維去看待事物。學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多的人交流。與人交談是我最喜歡的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，新的語(yǔ)言使我能與陌生人交往，參與他們的談話，并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼。由于我已能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，別人講英語(yǔ)時(shí)我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與其中，并結(jié)交朋友。我能與人交流，并能夠彌合我所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言和所處的文化與他們的語(yǔ)言和文化之間的鴻溝。Exercises IX.1．我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記那位老師，是他告訴我學(xué)外語(yǔ)是有趣的、有價(jià)值的。如果沒(méi)有他，我的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣好。

2．沒(méi)有任何其他語(yǔ)言能像英語(yǔ)那樣讓你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了過(guò)硬的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，你就可以體驗(yàn)奇妙的文化之旅。

3．寫作不僅僅要寫老師布置的話題，而且要寫自己感興趣的東西，例如，給朋友寫電子郵件。

4．遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)課程是指授課者與學(xué)生通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)通信技術(shù)進(jìn)行交流的課程。

5．語(yǔ)不但是世界上最有用的語(yǔ)言，也是世界上最易學(xué)、易用的語(yǔ)言之一。

6．遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)課程在時(shí)間安排止給予學(xué)生更多的自由，但與其他課程比，這些課程要求學(xué)生有更強(qiáng)的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|團(tuán)體；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通過(guò)四種方式協(xié)助向我們學(xué)會(huì)提供這項(xiàng)重要服務(wù)。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生認(rèn)為，網(wǎng)上交易會(huì)很快演變?yōu)榛诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)的商務(wù)社團(tuán)。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社區(qū)居民；社區(qū)

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|這樁兇殺案讓當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈苷痼@, 他們誰(shuí)都沒(méi)想到在這小鎮(zhèn)上會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他們確立規(guī)章制度，以更好地管理社區(qū)。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）變大；（使）擴(kuò)張；（使）膨脹

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|從開(kāi)始上學(xué)起，他就想用新知識(shí)充實(shí)頭腦。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可樂(lè)雄心勃勃，計(jì)劃拓展海外市場(chǎng)。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意識(shí)到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生兒有時(shí)意識(shí)不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我們走出門才意識(shí)到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |極不尋常的，極好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我們發(fā)明了一種加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|這次展覽是一次欣賞該藝術(shù)家作品的好機(jī)會(huì)。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的 The music is unique to that country.|這是那個(gè)國(guó)家特有的音樂(lè)。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每個(gè)人的指紋都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居應(yīng)靠近公園。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕這里的工作條件不夠理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脫離實(shí)際的設(shè)計(jì)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)付諸實(shí)施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉圖夢(mèng)想有一個(gè)理想社會(huì)。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|論壇；討論會(huì)

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)開(kāi)始時(shí)是個(gè)論壇，交流關(guān)于管理方面的問(wèn)題。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它還為最新研究成果提供了一個(gè)論壇。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污漬。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除貧困農(nóng)民的繳稅負(fù)擔(dān)，而不是減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移開(kāi)，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|湯姆略作停頓，取下了太陽(yáng)鏡。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子從火上拿開(kāi)，使其冷卻。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |視覺(jué)的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|兒童是通過(guò)理解視覺(jué)符號(hào)來(lái)學(xué)會(huì)閱讀的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不買東西，逛逛商場(chǎng)也大飽眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障礙 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一種沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言障礙的娛樂(lè)形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不夠是找好工作的一大障礙。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻礙，妨礙，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗價(jià)格昂貴嚴(yán)重影響了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|項(xiàng)目在一定程度上受到資金限制，許多事仍然沒(méi)做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在飲食中添加肉食使我體重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一個(gè)樓層。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|這頓飯要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就錦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名單在不斷進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考慮，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，戰(zhàn)前的局勢(shì)真是大不一樣。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考慮了一陣子，最后決定改變主意, 不那么年輕就結(jié)婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 體現(xiàn) After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|聽(tīng)了朋友的話后，她相信他們生氣并不說(shuō)明他們的真正態(tài)度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影響。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |環(huán)境；周邊狀況；自然環(huán)境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在純女性的環(huán)境下學(xué)習(xí)狀況是否會(huì)更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|兒童處在那樣的環(huán)境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |極為重要的，關(guān)鍵性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的幫助對(duì)我們的成功非常關(guān)鍵。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|練習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言的關(guān)鍵因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|評(píng)論的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作業(yè)是寫一篇20頁(yè)的文章評(píng)論簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他對(duì)這一事件作了評(píng)論性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|視角；觀點(diǎn)

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律師與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家看待問(wèn)題的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要積極地改變我們做事的辦法, 必須以正確的眼光看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同齡人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那個(gè)男孩很受同齡人的歡迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美國(guó)兒童在數(shù)學(xué)方面的表現(xiàn)不如中國(guó)兒童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指導(dǎo)

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|沒(méi)有人教，我自己就學(xué)會(huì)了判斷價(jià)值的正誤。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人們操作新機(jī)器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知樓內(nèi)禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|經(jīng)理要秘書取消他所有的預(yù)約。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教師；指導(dǎo)者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在倫敦?fù)?dān)任舞蹈教師。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教師而異。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出現(xiàn)法律問(wèn)題，老師們能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全體員工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）產(chǎn)生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差錯(cuò)與過(guò)失往往來(lái)自于判斷失誤。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)是因?yàn)樵搰?guó)存在社會(huì)不公現(xiàn)象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口氣絕對(duì)的肯定，下一步怎么辦是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他對(duì)即將發(fā)生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相關(guān)人員必須對(duì)該聲明做到心中完全有數(shù)，在任何情況下都不允許曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|銷售組的工作對(duì)完成公司的任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他對(duì)他的計(jì)劃有意含糊其辭，是嗎？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明確指示不允許任何人打擾他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意見(jiàn)；評(píng)論

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者對(duì)于許多議題都給予了有用的意見(jiàn)。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新來(lái)的，不知道是否應(yīng)該對(duì)他們的指示發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|評(píng)論

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|負(fù)責(zé)那些公司事務(wù)的官員拒絕對(duì)此事發(fā)表評(píng)論。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我無(wú)權(quán)對(duì)此事發(fā)表評(píng)論。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |強(qiáng)化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭價(jià)值觀往往強(qiáng)化傳統(tǒng)信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墻開(kāi)始倒塌，顯然要用新材料來(lái)加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的東西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道專心致志是學(xué)習(xí)的首要條件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意對(duì)要求進(jìn)行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所談的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的實(shí)質(zhì)。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利潤(rùn)極有可能要增加2,500萬(wàn)美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投資者有可能受到損失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不適極有可能是因?yàn)榇蹭佭x用不當(dāng)。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他們呼吁西方國(guó)家向貧窮國(guó)家投入更多資金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量資金和時(shí)間都已投入到該項(xiàng)目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行等）；干（蠢事、壞事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|這宗犯罪真是殘酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他說(shuō)這是他犯的最大的錯(cuò)誤。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收這些新想法需要時(shí)間。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我們?cè)谖锷娜吮仨毮茈S機(jī)應(yīng)變，有創(chuàng)造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材為英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提供了新模式，其網(wǎng)站無(wú)疑值得訪問(wèn)。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|這筆資金將用于為學(xué)校添置新的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |輸入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|輸進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)的任何信息均被視為輸入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|幾乎所有人都參與了，所以都要對(duì)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)一定責(zé)任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|記住每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要點(diǎn)總結(jié)在一張紙上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要點(diǎn) the essentials of English grammar |英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)

Details may hide the essentials.|細(xì)節(jié)會(huì)使要點(diǎn)難以辨認(rèn)。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|質(zhì)疑，對(duì)...表示懷疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他們對(duì)其發(fā)言的權(quán)威性提出了質(zhì)疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六個(gè)州已就該法律向聯(lián)邦法院提出質(zhì)疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑戰(zhàn)

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|為了證明他比他的朋友跑得快，約翰提出與他賽跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反對(duì)派力量不斷增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)這屆政府正形成威脅。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑戰(zhàn)，考驗(yàn)

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜歡了解新事物要面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的頭幾個(gè)月，你會(huì)感到巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物館通常不像這樣擁擠。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|盡管他們一般一周工作40小時(shí)，還是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |連續(xù)；一連串

a sequence of good news |一連串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的一連串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，順序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按順序編號(hào)。The numbers are out of sequence.|這些號(hào)碼順序亂了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |連續(xù)的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|這些號(hào)碼是按順序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|這不是連續(xù)的，而更像一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

<36>vital a.1.very important |極其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的證詞對(duì)辯護(hù)案件極其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在這個(gè)工作崗位上，保持鎮(zhèn)靜的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充滿生機(jī)的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一個(gè)身體強(qiáng)壯、充滿活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|這種音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |親自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|總統(tǒng)親自寫信給我們，感謝我們所付出的艱辛勞動(dòng)。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老師想親自和你談?wù)劇?/p>

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效溝通對(duì)解決問(wèn)題十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|廣告雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但效果卻非常顯著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|這個(gè)協(xié)議的生效日期推遲到了明年的1月1號(hào)。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|這部新法律要從4月16號(hào)起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備，交流的過(guò)程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用當(dāng)?shù)氐倪\(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促進(jìn)者，推動(dòng)者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)者自身才起主動(dòng)作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想繼續(xù)聘用上學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)員；她有很大幫助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)在教育中起著重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|顯然，在決策的過(guò)程中，有許多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一個(gè)角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演員夢(mèng)想著能夠扮演哈姆雷特這一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |認(rèn)識(shí)到，知道，覺(jué)察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要來(lái)嗎？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你們已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這個(gè)消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我們通常會(huì)在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名學(xué)生外，該校還有300多名遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考慮

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想著自從自己買下農(nóng)場(chǎng)后所發(fā)生的變化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有時(shí)間對(duì)自己的成功和失敗進(jìn)行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |說(shuō)出意見(jiàn)或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暫的沉默；接著他發(fā)了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法說(shuō)出來(lái)，大家不會(huì)知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大聲說(shuō)

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻煩您聲音大點(diǎn)好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|說(shuō)大聲點(diǎn), 祖母才會(huì)聽(tīng)得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你還沒(méi)把餐具洗完嗎？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|書看完后就還給我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |為...留出余地；考慮到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考慮到她的房子不好找，我們得早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽擱的時(shí)間算進(jìn)去，你要用一個(gè)小時(shí)才能到車站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|這是我的錯(cuò)。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|這些學(xué)生仍然心存疑慮。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |趕上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力學(xué)習(xí)以趕上其他同學(xué)。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快點(diǎn)！他們快追上咱們了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|這張相片總讓我想起大學(xué)里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她從不忘記提醒丈夫他曾許下的諾言。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)的成功秘訣

雖然常規(guī)的學(xué)校依然存在，但虛擬課堂在今天的教學(xué)領(lǐng)域中起著重要的作用。隨著學(xué)生就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的迅速增多，越來(lái)越多不同年齡層的人開(kāi)始意識(shí)到這種在家就學(xué)的網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)方

式。然而，網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生需要具備一些特別的素質(zhì)才能取得成功。以下是網(wǎng)上學(xué)生要取得成功必備的一些理想素質(zhì)。

1.與人分享生活、工作及學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這些是網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)需要他們運(yùn)用各自的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，同時(shí)又為他們提供了相互交流的場(chǎng)所。這一交流場(chǎng)所消除了一些學(xué)生自我表達(dá)的視覺(jué)障礙。此外，學(xué)生在答題之前有時(shí)間進(jìn)行思考，這就使得網(wǎng)上環(huán)境開(kāi)放而友好。

2.能通過(guò)書寫進(jìn)行交流。虛擬課堂的交流幾乎都是書面形式。因而很重要的一點(diǎn)是學(xué)生要具有書面表達(dá)能力。有些學(xué)生書面表達(dá)能力差，有待提高，可以在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)之前提高或?qū)⑵渥鳛榫W(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。這常常需要他們加倍努力。不管是單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)還是小組學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生們就學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容交流觀點(diǎn)和見(jiàn)解，并展開(kāi)討論，同時(shí)了解其他同學(xué)的意見(jiàn)。這樣，學(xué)生可以從同齡人那里得到啟發(fā)，既跟老師學(xué)，又互相學(xué)習(xí)。

3.說(shuō)出你的困難。記住，虛擬課堂里老師看不見(jiàn)學(xué)生。這就意味學(xué)生必須直接明了地表達(dá)自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技術(shù)方面的問(wèn)題，或在理解課程中遇到困難，必須大膽說(shuō)出來(lái)，否則任何人都無(wú)從知曉問(wèn)題所在。如果某人不理解某個(gè)問(wèn)題，或許別人也有同樣的問(wèn)題。如果有哪個(gè)學(xué)生能解決，他(她)也許就會(huì)幫助你。學(xué)生在給他人解釋問(wèn)題時(shí)，自己對(duì)該問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)也加深了。

4.認(rèn)真對(duì)待課程。網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)并不比課堂學(xué)習(xí)容易。事實(shí)上，許多學(xué)生說(shuō)它需要花更多的時(shí)間和努力。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的要求不低于其他任何一種優(yōu)質(zhì)課程。然而，取得成功的學(xué)生認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)是一種便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，為了完成作業(yè)，許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生在電腦前一坐就是幾個(gè)小時(shí)。別人已完成作業(yè)和學(xué)習(xí)，開(kāi)始玩耍，而此時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生卻很可能還在上課。他們每門課程每周要上4到15小時(shí)。

5.把批判性思維和決策作為網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程要求學(xué)生根據(jù)事實(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做出決定。對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)講，理解并消化信息，并通過(guò)批判性思維做出正確的決定是十分必要的。在積極的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，學(xué)生從老師、同學(xué)那里感受到自己的價(jià)值，對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)也感到滿意。

6.三思而后答。在虛擬課堂上做出有意義、高質(zhì)量的回答是網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的重要部分。要花時(shí)間斟酌并仔細(xì)作答，提倡對(duì)不同觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和質(zhì)疑。網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生往往并不總是對(duì)的；他們應(yīng)做好準(zhǔn)備，迎接挑戰(zhàn)。

7.跟上課程進(jìn)度。網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)通常是循序漸進(jìn)的，要求學(xué)生專心投入。與網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程保持同步，并按時(shí)完成所有功課至關(guān)重要。一旦落后就很難趕上。學(xué)生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望這種經(jīng)歷。老師可能會(huì)與學(xué)生面對(duì)面交流，提供幫助并提醒他們跟上進(jìn)度的必要性。

正如許多優(yōu)秀教師并不能有效地用網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔助教學(xué)一樣，并不是所有學(xué)生都具備在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)中取得成功所需的素質(zhì)。具備上述素質(zhì)的人通常能夠成為優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生。一旦擁有這些素質(zhì)，網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)不定將是你最有價(jià)值的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You?re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents? deep concern for their daughter, who doesn?t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的確有個(gè)弟弟在英國(guó)。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的確去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |擔(dān)心；憂慮

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母對(duì)他們的女兒表現(xiàn)出極大的擔(dān)心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近來(lái)犯罪的增多是公眾非常擔(dān)憂的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |關(guān)心的事；擔(dān)心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要關(guān)心的是為家里賺錢。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活與我無(wú)關(guān)。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使擔(dān)心；使憂慮

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|這不是你的問(wèn)題，你用不著擔(dān)心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我擔(dān)心的是雖然工資增加了，生產(chǎn)卻沒(méi)有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，與...有關(guān)系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|這篇文章講的是代溝問(wèn)題。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|這項(xiàng)研究涉及夫妻對(duì)婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |發(fā)出咔嗒聲 The key clicked in the lock.|鑰匙在瑣里咔嗒響了一聲。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走動(dòng)時(shí)，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作響。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒聲

The door opened with a click.|門咔嗒一聲開(kāi)了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我聽(tīng)到咔嗒一聲電話就掛了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |發(fā)出響亮的聲音（尤指音樂(lè)）Music blasted from the radio.|收音機(jī)里猛地響起了音樂(lè)。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帳篷外，機(jī)關(guān)槍突然嘟嘟嘟地響起來(lái)。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他們不得不沿著山坡炸出一條路來(lái)。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一槍打偏了，在墻上炸出了一個(gè)洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸徹底摧毀了這棟建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸傷了數(shù)百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出來(lái)；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太陽(yáng)從云后出來(lái)。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子還在燃燒，冒出濃濃的黑煙。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |沖，闖

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校長(zhǎng)正要離開(kāi)時(shí)，幾個(gè)學(xué)生闖進(jìn)了他的辦公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，沖出了房間。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真難吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|這一周天氣真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐懼的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|聽(tīng)到世界上有這么多人挨餓，沒(méi)東西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |東西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那綠色的是什么東西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我們?nèi)绾螌⑦@些東西全部搬進(jìn)車?yán)锶ァ?/p>

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕頭里塞滿了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|這幾間房子都塞滿了古董和無(wú)價(jià)之寶。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |節(jié)奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特別喜歡那曲調(diào)，但喜歡它的節(jié)奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|為了跳好舞，你需要感受音樂(lè)的節(jié)奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，奪得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海倫搶去了弟弟手上的玩具汽車。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警報(bào)響起時(shí)，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，徹底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|醫(yī)生為病人做了全面檢查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察徹底搜查了那所房子，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；徹底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我們假期玩得非常開(kāi)心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以減少生病的危險(xiǎn)。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妝品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我見(jiàn)到她時(shí)她還沒(méi)有缷去戲妝。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妝后，就準(zhǔn)備和你去飯館。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一塊烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我們干杯祝老師身體健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提議為新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|讓我們?yōu)閮蓢?guó)的友誼干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|讓我們?yōu)閻?ài)德華出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厭惡的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很難聞。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到處堆著垃圾，真叫人惡心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打擾；使煩惱

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打電話就來(lái)，實(shí)在討厭。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必須加班加點(diǎn)地干這么多小時(shí)，卻沒(méi)有額外的工錢，實(shí)在讓人煩惱。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼線筆

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法國(guó)眼線筆世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了濃濃的黑色眼線。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她說(shuō)她討厭看見(jiàn)他手臂上的刺紋。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一條蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文著“我愛(ài)你”的字樣。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|這男人的左臂刺了一條蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一顆子彈穿了她的肺后，羅斯做了緊急手術(shù)。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；竄

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一聲爆響，把那些馬嚇跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我說(shuō)話，她轉(zhuǎn)身就竄出了前門。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不適的；心煩的；苦惱的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打電話告訴老師你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丟了錢包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心煩；使苦惱；使不適

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他兒子失蹤的消息使他心煩意亂。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最讓我不安的是她撒了謊。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|緊張（感）；心窩揪緊 a knot of fear |一陣恐懼

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一陣緊張。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（繩索、布條等打成的）結(jié)

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|請(qǐng)?jiān)诶K子的一端打個(gè)結(jié)。Can you help me undo the knot? |幫我打開(kāi)這個(gè)結(jié)好嗎？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他們知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我?guī)筒簧厦Γ睦锖茈y受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲調(diào)；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我記不起那首歌的調(diào)子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我聽(tīng)過(guò)這個(gè)曲子，但記不起歌詞了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成調(diào)的；不悅耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一個(gè)年輕人從身邊走過(guò)，哼著不成調(diào)的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不動(dòng)聽(tīng)。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |討厭的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投訴說(shuō)這則廣告是對(duì)女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房間里有難聞的氣味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌詞 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜歡這首歌的歌詞。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他創(chuàng)作了一些好音樂(lè)，但他寫的歌詞不怎么樣。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜歡；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|這音樂(lè)太老，不能再吸引年輕人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到國(guó)外工作對(duì)我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|懇請(qǐng)；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公眾提供有關(guān)被害者的情況。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人來(lái)和他們談?wù)劇?/p>

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |擺脫...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|給他點(diǎn)錢，你就可以擺脫他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把藥吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使擺脫，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必須拋掉這些陳舊的觀念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科學(xué)最終會(huì)讓我們根除這種疾病嗎？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她兩耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|這家小店提供身體按摩和穿耳孔服務(wù)。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；負(fù)面的；消極的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我覺(jué)得我的工作很沒(méi)勁，事實(shí)上我正考慮找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有這些對(duì)我的工作都產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |這個(gè)詞的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他沒(méi)有解釋，只是給了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影響；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有錢有名氣，但這不會(huì)影響我們的決定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母?jìng)儞?dān)心西方電影和電視節(jié)目會(huì)影響孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影響

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必須自己決定，別受他人 的影響。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 電視廣告對(duì)人們購(gòu)物的影響到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|對(duì)不起，我不能容忍那些連試一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|這種醫(yī)學(xué)研究需要極大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母應(yīng)當(dāng)是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我隨時(shí)可以去找他幫忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |錨

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我們起錨繼續(xù)航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我們?cè)陔x岸幾碼遠(yuǎn)的地方拋錨。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本體

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|為了躲避警方，他不得不隱瞞身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申請(qǐng)從事教書工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工廠倒閉，她和其他幾百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母親和嬰兒都被從火中救了出來(lái)。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |關(guān)閉

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|離開(kāi)時(shí)請(qǐng)將所有的燈關(guān)掉，我們浪費(fèi)不起電。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水關(guān)掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔褲和襯衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闖入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她沖入經(jīng)理辦公室，要求當(dāng)面跟他說(shuō)話。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴聽(tīng)到這消息非常激動(dòng)，沖進(jìn)房間去告訴他。

2.start suddenly |突然開(kāi)始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起來(lái)。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她徑直走進(jìn)衛(wèi)生間

哭了起來(lái)。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反復(fù)

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地讀這個(gè)單詞，直到你讀對(duì)了為止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他們反復(fù)問(wèn)同一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我來(lái)不及伸手掏槍。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比爾聽(tīng)到外面的聲響，便伸手去拿手電筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調(diào)大，開(kāi)大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖氣開(kāi)大了點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲堇锓浅＠洹?/p>

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看這聲音是否開(kāi)得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調(diào)小，開(kāi)小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了這種音樂(lè)，于是把音量關(guān)小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把電視的聲音開(kāi)小點(diǎn)嗎？我正想靜心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作過(guò)，也在意大利工作過(guò)。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|選花既要聞其香，又要觀其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān) Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，請(qǐng)給我開(kāi)開(kāi)燈。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打開(kāi)電腦，查看電子郵件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一樣，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常進(jìn)行，好像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一樣，他們將孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平靜地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能讓我靜一靜嗎？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能讓我靜一靜，這樣我可以不受干擾，好好想一想這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒來(lái) Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八點(diǎn)鐘了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的時(shí)候我會(huì)叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生氣

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那難聽(tīng)的音樂(lè)使她父親很生氣。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生氣。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |擺脫；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|為了治好感冒，我已經(jīng)試了各種藥物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|這是一種除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丟棄；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我們要搬家，不得不扔掉很多舊家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)政府銷毀所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |緊張，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他說(shuō)他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次見(jiàn)他的父母時(shí)感到緊張。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |無(wú)論如何；不管怎樣

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|費(fèi)用也許比我們當(dāng)初想象的低，但無(wú)論如何仍相當(dāng)可觀。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白為什么你不同意，無(wú)論如何我要試一試。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商議；討論

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你對(duì)這次變換職業(yè)擔(dān)心的話，為什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她辦公室把事情談清楚。

深深的憂慮

收音機(jī)“咔嗒”一聲，搖滾樂(lè)就大聲地響開(kāi)了。音樂(lè)像槍聲似的將桑迪吵醒。她看了一下鐘，早上6點(diǎn)一刻。她躺在床上，聽(tīng)著她喜歡的電臺(tái)廣播，嘴里哼著歌詞。

“桑迪，” 她父親喊道，“桑迪，把音樂(lè)關(guān)了！”史蒂夫·芬奇沖進(jìn)她的臥室?！澳銥槭裁匆欢ㄒ?tīng)這么糟糕的音樂(lè)？ 還聽(tīng)了一遍又一遍。雖然有節(jié)奏，可恐怕不是真正的音樂(lè)?！?/p>

“我喜歡這種音樂(lè)，爸爸。這是我最喜歡的。您聽(tīng)一下吧，您肯定會(huì)喜歡的。” 桑迪伸手把音樂(lè)開(kāi)得更響。

“別，別開(kāi)那么響，我受不了。把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)低點(diǎn)，這樣我和你媽媽就聽(tīng)不到了。我敢肯定，那音樂(lè)既傷你的耳朵，又傷你的大腦?！?/p>

桑迪走進(jìn)浴室，打開(kāi)淋浴噴頭。然后她抓起香皂，渾身上下洗個(gè)遍，連頭發(fā)也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳頭發(fā)，穿上一件舊的綠色圓領(lǐng)衫和一條牛仔褲。接著她化好妝，走進(jìn)了廚房。和往常一樣，她不知道早餐該吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗滌槽旁吃烤面包。就在此時(shí)，她媽媽簡(jiǎn)走進(jìn)了廚房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃飯？ 站著吃飯對(duì)身體不好?！?“我知道，媽媽，可我沒(méi)時(shí)間坐著吃?！?“昨天做作業(yè)了吧，寶貝？” “做了?！?/p>

“刷過(guò)牙了？”

“媽媽，我還沒(méi)吃完飯呢。吃完了再刷?！?/p>

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件舊圓領(lǐng)衫呢？ 難看死了?！?“媽媽，請(qǐng)別這樣?！?“別怎么樣？” “別這樣煩我。”

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼線來(lái)了？”

“我是描了，媽媽。我都描了幾個(gè)月了。難道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你還小，不能化這么濃的妝?！?/p>

“媽媽，我都15歲了，到了可以化妝的年齡了。給您說(shuō)實(shí)話吧，學(xué)校的女孩子都化妝有些還文身，有的還戴耳環(huán)、鼻環(huán)、舌環(huán)呢。媽媽，我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)時(shí)間給您說(shuō)，我快遲到了，得走了。再見(jiàn)。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下媽媽的臉頰，拿起書沖出了屋子。

桑迪離家上學(xué)后，簡(jiǎn)·芬奇平靜地坐下來(lái)喝咖啡。沒(méi)過(guò)一會(huì)兒，她丈夫走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

“史蒂夫，喝點(diǎn)咖啡吧？”簡(jiǎn)問(wèn)道。

“不，謝謝，親愛(ài)的。我胃不舒服，心亂如麻。可能是因?yàn)槟怯憛挼囊魳?lè)每天早上把我吵醒。我想我還不至于老得落伍吧，可沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地聽(tīng)那毫無(wú)韻律、令人討厭的歌曲實(shí)在讓我生氣?！?/p>

“你知道，親愛(ài)的，不同年齡的人喜歡不同的音樂(lè)，” 簡(jiǎn)勸說(shuō)道?！斑€記得我們聽(tīng)過(guò)的一些音樂(lè)嗎？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你說(shuō)得有道理。也許吃點(diǎn)早飯能讓我感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)。” “你注意到了嗎，今天早晨我們15歲的女兒都化了什么樣的妝？我真不敢相信自己以前沒(méi)有注意到。我想我們應(yīng)該感到幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)槲覀兣畠旱淖畲髥?wèn)題還只是化妝。我看到其他年輕人在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑，還文身，渾身穿了許多洞。”

“令我擔(dān)心的是，”史蒂夫說(shuō)，“那種音樂(lè)對(duì)桑迪可能有負(fù)面的影響。我不知道我們的女兒到底怎么回事。她在變，我很擔(dān)心她?；瘖y品，糟糕的音樂(lè)，誰(shuí)知道以后還會(huì)有什么花樣？

我們得和她談?wù)?。新聞里?bào)道的盡是惹上麻煩的青少年，可他們的父母卻不知道自己的孩子有什么問(wèn)題。”

“哦，我倒不認(rèn)為她的音樂(lè)如此糟糕。但不管怎么說(shuō)，你還是說(shuō)得對(duì)，我們需要和桑

迪談?wù)?，?簡(jiǎn)說(shuō)道。

去上班的路上，簡(jiǎn)·芬奇一面開(kāi)著車，一面想著她的桑迪。她知道自己想說(shuō)什么，得對(duì)桑迪說(shuō)什么。她和桑迪之間還可以進(jìn)行交流，這令她很高興。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之間溝通的渠道暢通。她想在桑迪的身邊，做她的保護(hù)人，同時(shí)又給她尋找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我認(rèn)為那些在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表達(dá)他們的個(gè)性。

2．因特網(wǎng)提供了一種更快捷的方式，讓我們與全球的新老客戶取得聯(lián)系，并保持溝通渠道暢通無(wú)阻。

3．父母與自己十多歲的孩子的溝通問(wèn)題不僅僅在于“代溝”，而且還在于雙方都不完全理解對(duì)方的思想。

4．當(dāng)父母與子女間有了這類溝通障礙時(shí)，青少年面臨的問(wèn)題可能更大。

5．青少年常常要經(jīng)歷這么一個(gè)階段，在這個(gè)階段，他們覺(jué)得父母會(huì)讓他們沒(méi)面子，害怕他們達(dá)不到自己朋友的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是當(dāng)?shù)诙煸缟弦鸫采蠈W(xué)時(shí)，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；觀念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”這種觀念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本節(jié)介紹了許多社會(huì)學(xué)家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；連貫性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏穩(wěn)定性，有時(shí)做得很好，有時(shí)則錯(cuò)誤百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的穩(wěn)定依賴于幾種因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我發(fā)出了20封詢問(wèn)信，但還沒(méi)有收到回復(fù)。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反應(yīng)是離開(kāi)房間把門砰地關(guān)上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反應(yīng)，回應(yīng) She opened the door in response to the knock.|聽(tīng)到敲門后她便開(kāi)了門。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|這篇報(bào)道引起了讀者的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反駁，駁斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒謊，但我沒(méi)有證據(jù)反駁他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|傾向于，趨于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，人們對(duì)睡眠的需求往往在減少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|這里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顧

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫長(zhǎng)期臥病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)在外面護(hù)理花園。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|該學(xué)校僅開(kāi)辦了六個(gè)月，現(xiàn)在很難估計(jì)其成績(jī)。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很難評(píng)估不同治療方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià) We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我們需要對(duì)這個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)做適當(dāng)評(píng)估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他們?nèi)×艘恍悠愤M(jìn)行評(píng)估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他們給開(kāi)始自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的人提供切實(shí)可行的指導(dǎo)。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老師可以指導(dǎo)你如何選擇職業(yè)和寫就業(yè)申請(qǐng)。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |職業(yè)；一生的事業(yè)

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|總的說(shuō)來(lái)，我對(duì)自己事業(yè)中的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)很滿意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趨勢(shì)；傾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近來(lái)的一種趨勢(shì)是雇用年輕的員工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多學(xué)生不用腦思考，他們只會(huì)跟隨最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，應(yīng)用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技術(shù)被應(yīng)用到幾乎每個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|這些思想在實(shí)踐中往往難以應(yīng)用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申請(qǐng)

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她說(shuō)她會(huì)向系里申請(qǐng)要部電腦。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到這份工作之前，你申請(qǐng)了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |單個(gè)的；個(gè)別的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部門決定總的教育方針，但確切的細(xì)節(jié)留待各個(gè)學(xué)校自己處理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己獨(dú)特的方式組織自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |個(gè)人；個(gè)體

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社會(huì)的需求比個(gè)人的權(quán)利更重要嗎？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|這藥的效果因人而異。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十幾歲的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|許多十多歲的孩子學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)依然依賴父母給予幫助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，這些少年就跑開(kāi)了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；適應(yīng)；和睦相處

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|該雜志討論的科學(xué)話題一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|勞利感到很難與孩子溝通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...聯(lián)系起來(lái)

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之間有什么聯(lián)系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|這篇報(bào)告認(rèn)為心臟病與精神壓力過(guò)大有關(guān)。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|給（書、劇本等）題名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你讀過(guò)《罪與罰》這部小說(shuō)嗎？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走進(jìn)森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有權(quán)做；給予...的資格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司職員有權(quán)享用這些設(shè)施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成為會(huì)員可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|態(tài)度；心態(tài) She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作態(tài)度很積極。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官員的態(tài)度是，這問(wèn)題不是他們的責(zé)任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，給我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |傳染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的傳染性很強(qiáng)。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多數(shù)眼睛感染是會(huì)傳染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司對(duì)未來(lái)五年充滿信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我對(duì)自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成績(jī)也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信賴

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我們完全相信你有能力做這項(xiàng)工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消費(fèi)者對(duì)我們產(chǎn)品的信賴。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通過(guò)了考試，這幫助她獲得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干這項(xiàng)工作是個(gè)新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |聽(tīng)起來(lái)；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|這個(gè)建議聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好，而且我很想看如何實(shí)施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我覺(jué)得他好像需要職業(yè)幫助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |審問(wèn)，盤問(wèn)

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他說(shuō)警察審問(wèn)時(shí)他有權(quán)保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通過(guò)審問(wèn)恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察獲得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她決定婚后不從夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；其他城市建立了自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那對(duì)夫婦領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了一個(gè)男嬰。She was adopted when she was four.|他四歲時(shí)被人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|這條新聞引起了當(dāng)?shù)厝说臉O大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|觀點(diǎn)，意見(jiàn) In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑會(huì)阻止人們犯罪這一觀點(diǎn)。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |視力；視線

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那輛車拐過(guò)街角就從我們的視線中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗蘭克當(dāng)著所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反對(duì) Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反對(duì)使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳?duì)在附近修建機(jī)場(chǎng)。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反對(duì)；對(duì)（權(quán)威等的）蔑視

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人們反抗的結(jié)果是，他們的工作條件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母關(guān)心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭雜務(wù)；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|購(gòu)物、家務(wù)等日常雜務(wù)占去了她很多時(shí)間。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也應(yīng)該承擔(dān)部分家務(wù)活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |沖突；爭(zhēng)論

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他們所做的事與我們的需要有沖突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我與我的一個(gè)重要經(jīng)理發(fā)生了沖突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |沖突；抵觸

His statement and yours conflict.|他的話和你的話相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想賺大錢，這往往與顧客的利益沖突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|這一事故損壞了核能工業(yè)的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|對(duì)于這些報(bào)道的可靠性，有人提出了質(zhì)疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毀壞，毀掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)毀掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|長(zhǎng)期罷工會(huì)毀掉這家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬紙盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圓珠筆，在盒子上戳了個(gè)洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承認(rèn) He admitted his guilt.|他承認(rèn)有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜歡她，但你得承認(rèn)她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；認(rèn)可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|這一新理論正被專家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，他都能冷靜接受，這使我們很吃驚。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也許比讓別人接受你更難。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受對(duì)多數(shù)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；寬容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我們應(yīng)該包容不同意見(jiàn)的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺點(diǎn)是我不能容忍任何錯(cuò)誤。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事樣樣追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是膚淺之美。真正的美來(lái)自內(nèi)心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承認(rèn)社會(huì)制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|這一考試的設(shè)計(jì)有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她聽(tīng)到身后有腳步聲向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子時(shí)，我注意到樓上有盞燈亮著。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |處理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |著手處理這個(gè)難題的最好辦法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或許可以用另一種方式來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途徑

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎樣對(duì)待十多歲的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題，公司需要一種不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天來(lái)臨，動(dòng)物開(kāi)始儲(chǔ)藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他們走近時(shí)，小男孩跑開(kāi)了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |傷感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的話很傷感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|別對(duì)你的朋友說(shuō)這樣傷感情的話。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父親為了音樂(lè)問(wèn)題而爭(zhēng)吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告訴警察，在丈夫離開(kāi)前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|論據(jù)；論點(diǎn)

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果買輛小的車，他們就可以省點(diǎn)錢。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |電視里的暴力使人們行為充滿暴力，你同意這種觀點(diǎn)嗎？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；詼諧

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|處境雖然尷尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|盡力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（發(fā)生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他們很有可能在選舉中獲勝。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天氣好轉(zhuǎn)的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒來(lái)；喚醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)已是上午10點(diǎn)。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲門聲音很大，把我們吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽視，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花園已很久沒(méi)有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人員被指控失職。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽職守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于幾年無(wú)人維護(hù)，這條路的路況很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |結(jié)果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而遲到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周發(fā)生了可怕的地震，結(jié)果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，轉(zhuǎn)而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成員將情況告訴了他的朋友，這個(gè)朋友轉(zhuǎn)而將消息告訴了記者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；輪流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士們依次發(fā)言，聽(tīng)眾對(duì)每個(gè)人報(bào)以歡呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我們輪流開(kāi)車，以便大家都能休息一會(huì)。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|這項(xiàng)調(diào)查旨在了解人們對(duì)新政策的態(tài)度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|這個(gè)項(xiàng)目幫助人們了解更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得進(jìn)步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途徑是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在電影業(yè)發(fā)展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依賴；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他經(jīng)常依靠父親給他提供意見(jiàn)。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他們正指望新經(jīng)理能使公司贏利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感覺(jué)好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他們覺(jué)得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了兩天，但覺(jué)得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常為瑣事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他盡力像我們一樣裝修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |聽(tīng)起來(lái)；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|當(dāng)醫(yī)生似乎是個(gè)好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|馬耳他似乎是個(gè)度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|讓我生氣的是他話中的意思，而不是他所說(shuō)的話。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|發(fā)展核科學(xué)應(yīng)該是為了造福人類而不是傷害人類。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|觀點(diǎn)，意見(jiàn)

He always put his point of view with courage.|他總是大膽地說(shuō)出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度看，新的發(fā)展大大有利于這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |與...對(duì)照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|這本書講的商業(yè)實(shí)務(wù)而不是理論。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|學(xué)生們展開(kāi)討論，而不是單純地聽(tīng)老師講。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差異，一些中國(guó)笑話很難被外國(guó)人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我們必須讓人知道這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)：毒品是很危險(xiǎn)的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|擔(dān)心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

擔(dān)心嬰兒的健康，就立刻帶他去看醫(yī)生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很擔(dān)心兒子在學(xué)校的成績(jī)。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打電話報(bào)平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打電話報(bào)平安，告訴我們他的情況。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一個(gè)星期至少打一次電話給媽媽報(bào)平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登記入??；辦登機(jī)手續(xù)

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我們已在當(dāng)?shù)匾患衣灭^辦理了入住手續(xù)。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飛前兩小時(shí)辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把書放回到書架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷靜

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又遲到了，他的老師很生氣。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不該生氣，做出那樣的行為。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意識(shí)到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我們必須使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|這個(gè)節(jié)目讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到污染的危害。

有代溝嗎？

“代溝”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)60年代。代溝的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的價(jià)值觀和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子贊成伙伴的觀點(diǎn)，父母轉(zhuǎn)而失去影響力。雖然這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)還是常常被使用，有人卻開(kāi)始問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題：“今天的社會(huì)還有代溝嗎？”

有一項(xiàng)研究比較了四代人：18-30歲的人，31-48歲的人，49-62歲的人，63歲和63歲以上的人，問(wèn)了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題以了解人們對(duì)一些問(wèn)題的基本信仰和價(jià)值觀，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美國(guó)是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人給出的答案非常接近。

許多對(duì)年輕人的研究駁斥了代溝這一觀念的存在。這些研究顯示，較之父母對(duì)音樂(lè)、服裝和何為“酷”的評(píng)價(jià)，年輕人更趨于贊同伙伴的見(jiàn)解，與此同時(shí)，在生活中更重要的方面，如職業(yè)生涯、終身目標(biāo)等，他們還是繼續(xù)依賴父母的基本價(jià)值觀和指導(dǎo)。

當(dāng)然，總趨勢(shì)是不能時(shí)時(shí)用于個(gè)例的。覺(jué)得在我們和我們的十多歲孩子之間好像存在令人不快的“代溝”，需要彌合它，這是自然的。然而，問(wèn)題也許不在于見(jiàn)解和價(jià)值觀的不同，而在于我們相互理解和溝通的方式。下面的建議摘自于一篇題為“彌合代溝”的文章，也許對(duì)彌合代溝有所幫助。

尊重他人。尊重與信任是能感染人的。年輕人往往以父母看待他們的方式看待自己。反過(guò)來(lái)，當(dāng)你表示你尊重他們有能力決策和從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，他們會(huì)因此而獲得自信和自尊。

多聽(tīng)少說(shuō)。詢問(wèn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能像審問(wèn)，不要這樣。應(yīng)該抱有好奇的態(tài)度而不是控制之心。問(wèn)些這樣的問(wèn)題：“怎么會(huì)這樣？你現(xiàn)在怎么看？當(dāng)時(shí)吃驚嗎？現(xiàn)在打算怎么做？你有什么計(jì)劃？這事你是不是需要幫助？”如果你的目的只是聽(tīng)，在孩子說(shuō)話時(shí)，你就需小心別在心里琢磨怎么回答。這樣你會(huì)聽(tīng)得更好，而孩子也會(huì)受到鼓勵(lì)說(shuō)得更多。

先問(wèn)孩子是否想聽(tīng)，然后才說(shuō)你的觀點(diǎn)。只有當(dāng)孩子說(shuō)“是”時(shí)才繼續(xù)說(shuō)下去，而且要簡(jiǎn)潔。不要說(shuō)教，不要期待孩子同意你的觀點(diǎn)。說(shuō)話時(shí)，如果你的態(tài)度是“我是這樣理解的”，而不是“這樣看問(wèn)題才對(duì)”，孩子就可能更愿意聽(tīng)，而不會(huì)有逆反心理。

用“我們”而不用“你”?！半x開(kāi)家之前我們要做家務(wù)，我們?cè)趺戳侠肀仨氉龅氖履?？?不論你用什么方式，只要能將“這是我們共同的事”這一信息傳達(dá)給孩子，就有助于彌合本可能由沖突帶來(lái)的鴻溝。

保持冷靜。交談時(shí)生氣或者太激動(dòng)，你就可能輕易地毀了自己的可信度。不要說(shuō)“你毀了你的一生！”而要說(shuō)“我擔(dān)心如果......會(huì)怎么樣。在這種情況下，你想你可能怎么辦？”

不要使用雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。青少年非常警惕雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。別指望他們遵守你自己都不遵守的規(guī)則。無(wú)論是打電話報(bào)平安，還是叫他們收拾東西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我說(shuō)的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不會(huì)改善關(guān)系的。

承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤，說(shuō)說(shuō)你從他們身上學(xué)到了什么。表現(xiàn)出自我接受和對(duì)不完美的容忍能很好地鼓勵(lì)青少年（以及你身邊的其他人），也往往能讓他們更容易接近你，向你提出問(wèn)題、表達(dá)遺憾甚至對(duì)你提出挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)你認(rèn)為自己做錯(cuò)了事或說(shuō)錯(cuò)了話，比如發(fā)了脾氣或爭(zhēng)論時(shí)說(shuō)了令人傷心的話，就道歉。

有欣賞之心。青少年常有幽默感，充滿活力，看什么事都覺(jué)得可能，這些能使父母意識(shí)到自己身上已被忘記或忽略的好的方面。當(dāng)十多歲的孩子體驗(yàn)到被人愛(ài)時(shí)，他們通常表現(xiàn)得更可愛(ài)。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people?s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others? reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她雖然窮，至少她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一頓美餐，雖然貴了點(diǎn)。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是餓著肚子上床睡覺(jué)的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
這些西紅柿應(yīng)該青的時(shí)候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，這些孩子通常很快就睡著了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
環(huán)境一旦遭到破壞，需要許多年才能恢復(fù)（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我從來(lái)沒(méi)撒過(guò)謊，現(xiàn)在我也不打算開(kāi)始破這個(gè)例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我從未去過(guò)巴黎，我妻子也沒(méi)去過(guò)。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩樂(lè)意接受，點(diǎn)頭表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出決定，要求投票表決。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那個(gè)人很緊張，拆開(kāi)了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黃昏時(shí)，他們來(lái)到一個(gè)山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)她說(shuō)什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他們醒來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)被水包圍了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我費(fèi)了好大勁才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易勸說(shuō)他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海灘上曬太陽(yáng)，過(guò)得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉語(yǔ)).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父親是去年過(guò)世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墻上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大門邊倚著拐杖的老人是約翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |傾斜，傾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽車開(kāi)出時(shí)，別把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|請(qǐng)向前靠一會(huì)兒。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她發(fā)脾氣后不久就恢復(fù)了平靜。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困難時(shí)候幫助他保持沉著心態(tài)。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|騎馬的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在結(jié)冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|騎自行車必須學(xué)會(huì)保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿穩(wěn)手中的咖啡杯，設(shè)法打開(kāi)了門。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |權(quán)衡，比較

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必須權(quán)衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他們比較盈虧情況，看看賺了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她頭疼得厲害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱災(zāi)日益嚴(yán)重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)厲的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|販毒者會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的稅收政策使總統(tǒng)受到嚴(yán)厲抨擊。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)格地，嚴(yán)厲地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在颶風(fēng)中遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母親正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使殘廢 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中變成了殘廢。He has been crippled with pain.|他感覺(jué)很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|雖然腿腳不便, 他還是努力干活養(yǎng)家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她從一個(gè)健康的年輕女子變成了殘疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在內(nèi)的，內(nèi)部的（尤指頭腦中、精神上）

inward doubts |內(nèi)心的懷疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他幫助別人以獲得自己內(nèi)心的平靜。

2.going toward the inside |向內(nèi)的

an inward curve |向內(nèi)的弧線 an inward movement |向內(nèi)移動(dòng)

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |內(nèi)心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她內(nèi)心痛苦，卻不會(huì)在言辭中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

She hates him inwardly.|她從心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦惱

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我煩心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我討厭他的粗魯。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|盡力，費(fèi)心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人費(fèi)心和他講話。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我從不愿意花精力去熨襯衣，所以它們常常有點(diǎn)皺。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使協(xié)調(diào) The plan was not very well coordinated.|那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃協(xié)調(diào)得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我們必須齊心協(xié)力去幫助遭受水災(zāi)的災(zāi)民。

<10>halt v.stop |暫停，中斷，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那個(gè)項(xiàng)目因缺乏資金而停了下來(lái)。No one can halt the advance of history.|誰(shuí)也阻擋不了歷史的前進(jìn)。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暫停，中斷，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽車及時(shí)剎住，避免了一場(chǎng)事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罷工，生產(chǎn)停頓了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐煩的，沒(méi)有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|別這樣不耐煩！公共汽車很快就來(lái)。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你對(duì)她太沒(méi)耐心了，她還只是個(gè)孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他們已經(jīng)迫不及待，躍躍欲試了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|許多商科學(xué)生急切地想成為經(jīng)理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他們接近汽車時(shí)加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；節(jié)奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)發(fā)展變化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜歡這個(gè)城市的生活節(jié)奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱來(lái)踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿著走廊走來(lái)走去，等醫(yī)生回來(lái)。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）適應(yīng)

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役軍人難以適應(yīng)普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人體能很快自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫變化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地鐵 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地鐵上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜間太晚時(shí)我不乘地鐵。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|過(guò)街地下通道正在維修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人們過(guò)馬路時(shí)應(yīng)走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |盡管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|盡管天氣不好, 他們的假日仍然過(guò)得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|盡管想看到他，她還是拒絕了他的邀請(qǐng)。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厭惡的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了那令人作嘔的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你沒(méi)染上那討厭的感冒，我很高興。

2.unkind|不友善的，惡意的

第四篇：大學(xué)新視野英語(yǔ)3

Unit 1 1.deviate from英 [di:vieitfr?m] 美 [divi·et fr?m]不同于…;背離，偏離…;1）.The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.因?yàn)榈缆贩忾]，公共汽車只得繞道而行。

2）.Deviate from socialism and China will inevitably retrogress to semicolonialism.中國(guó)離開(kāi)社會(huì)主義就必然退回到半封建半殖民地.2.had he not been…..if 虛擬條件句 類似：Were should 1）.Had it not been for his family, He'd have gone away long ago.要是沒(méi)有家眷拖累, 他早就遠(yuǎn)走高飛了.2）Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned.我可能溺死了, 若非他救了我.3.preclude…from…英 [pr?klu:d] 美 [pr?·klud] 1)A prior engagement will preclude them from coming.他們因?yàn)橛屑s在先,不能來(lái)了.2)That will preclude him from escaping.那將使他無(wú)法逃走.3)We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我們努力排除任何誤解的可能性.4).My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的財(cái)務(wù)狀況我是不可能買車的.4.premier 英 [premi?(r)] 美 [pr?m?r] n.總理;首相;adj.第一的，首位的;首要的;最先的;最早的

1)The Prime Minister played host to French Premier Jacques Chirac.首相接待了法國(guó)總理雅克·希拉克。

2)He has acquired a reputation as this country's premier solo violinist.他已經(jīng)贏得了該國(guó)首席小提琴獨(dú)奏家的名譽(yù)。3)The premier was in expansive mood.總理心情開(kāi)朗。

5.whereby adv.通過(guò)…;借以;與…一致;1)They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.他們采用了新的制度，所有的雇員都必須定期進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。2）Whereby shall we know her? 我們靠什么認(rèn)出她呢 ? 6.civic adj.城市的;公民的，市民的;1）I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我認(rèn)為投票選舉是我作為公民的義務(wù).2）It's almost ten miles from here to the civic center.從這兒到市中心差不多有十英里.7.clear-cut 英 [kl??(r)k?t] adj.輪廓鮮明的;清晰的;● This was a clear-cut case of the original land owner being in the right...這個(gè)案例中明顯是原土地所有人有理?！?The issue is not so clear cut.這個(gè)問(wèn)題不是那么清楚。8.no...too...不...太?

No mountains too high for you to Climb.沒(méi)有山是你爬不過(guò)去的。

No job is too small.沒(méi)有任何一種工作是微不足道的

9.write off認(rèn)定?不重要(或無(wú)用)；忽視 If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.● He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age...他很討厭大家因?yàn)樗哪昙o(jì)而小看他。

● His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed...批評(píng)他的人不把他當(dāng)回事，認(rèn)為他太過(guò)謹(jǐn)慎，不能成事。

10.bypass(VERB)（通常為更快地實(shí)現(xiàn)某事）越過(guò)，避開(kāi)，繞開(kāi) If you bypass someone or something that you would normally have to get involved with, you ignore them, often because you want to achieve something more quickly.● A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether...越來(lái)越多的雇主試圖完全繞過(guò)工會(huì)行事?！?..money for new roads to bypass cities.建造新的城市外環(huán)道所需的資金

11.persecution 英 [p?:s?'kju:?n] 美 [p?s?kju??n] n.迫害或受迫害，煩擾;苛求，困擾;.For pity's sake try to stop this persecution.做做好事,設(shè)法制止這場(chǎng)迫害吧..In many cases religious persecution is the cause of people fleeing their country.A case in point is colonial India.很多情況下，宗教迫害是導(dǎo)致人們逃奔異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)的原因。一個(gè)典型的例子是殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的印度。

12.spur|sp?:(r)| n.& v n.[常用單數(shù)形式] ~(to sth)a fact or an event that makes you want to do sth better or more quickly 鞭策；激勵(lì)；刺激；鼓舞 同義詞motivation His speech was a powerful spur to action.他的講話很有鼓動(dòng)力。v.1)(VERB)鼓勵(lì);激勵(lì) If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.● It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats...是金錢驅(qū)使這些漁民駕著破舊小船冒險(xiǎn)出海遠(yuǎn)航。2)cause sth to happen 使發(fā)生

.The discovery of diamonds and gold spurred（雙r）wealth and immigration in this region ……使該地區(qū)財(cái)富激增，并引發(fā)了移民潮 13.triumph|tra??mf| ~(over sb/sth)a great success, achievement or victory 獲勝;克服;打敗;戰(zhàn)勝;.It was a personal triumph over her old rival.這是她對(duì)老對(duì)頭的個(gè)人勝利。.She was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity.她相信自己最終能戰(zhàn)勝逆境.14.commend 英 [k?`mend] 美 [k?`m?nd] 1)(VERB)贊揚(yáng);贊許 If you commend someone or something, you praise them formally.● I commended her for that action...我贊揚(yáng)了她的那一舉動(dòng)。

● I commend Ms.Orth on writing such an informative article...我對(duì)奧思太太寫出內(nèi)容如此翔實(shí)的文章表示贊許。

2)(VERB)推薦;舉薦 If someone commends a person or thing to you, they tell you that you will find them good or useful.● I can commend it to him as a realistic course of action.我可以把這作為一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的處理方法推薦給他。15.keep one`s eyes on the prize 執(zhí)著的追求成功.Keep your eyes focused on the prize and never giveup.16.work one`s way to throughinto(通過(guò)努力)逐步達(dá)到

.He spent 16 years with one company, and worked his way into a top management position.。。通過(guò)努力最后成為了公司高層 17.unprecedented|?n`pres?dent?d| that has never happened, been done or been known before 前所未有的；空前的；史無(wú)前例的

The situation is unprecedented in modern times.這種情況在現(xiàn)代還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)。Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented.這種做法很罕見(jiàn)，但也不是沒(méi)有先例的。

18.appoint|?`p??nt|

1)~ sb(to sth)| ~ sb(as)sth to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 任命；委任 They have appointed a new head teacher at my son's school.我兒子讀書的學(xué)校任命了一位新校長(zhǎng)。

They appointed him(as)captain of the English team.他們?nèi)蚊麨橛⒏裉m隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。

A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.一位律師被指定為這個(gè)孩子的代表律師。

2)[動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(yǔ)][常用被動(dòng)態(tài)](formal)to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing sth約定，指定（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.會(huì)議日期尚待確定。

Everyone was assembled at the appointed time.全體人員均按規(guī)定時(shí)間召集到場(chǎng)。

19.handicap 英 [h?ndik?p] 美 [h?ndi`k?p] 1)（生理或智力上的）殘障，殘疾 A handicap is a physical or mental disability.● He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap.他10歲時(shí)失去了一條腿，但他學(xué)會(huì)了克服自己的殘疾。

2)(N-COUNT)不利條件;障礙 A handicap is an event or situation that places you at a disadvantage and makes it harder for you to do something.● She was away from school for 15 weeks, a handicap she could have done without...她有15周沒(méi)上學(xué)，這給她帶來(lái)了本不該有的障礙?！?Being a foreigner was not a handicap.身為外國(guó)人并不是一個(gè)障礙。

Unit 2 1.portray ①(VERB)扮演；飾演 When an actor or actress portrays someone, he or she plays that person in a play or film.● In 1975 he portrayed the king in a Los Angeles revival of 'Camelot'.他1975年在洛杉磯重新上演的劇目《卡米洛》中扮演國(guó)王。

●...the busty and rumbustious Mrs Hall, excellently portrayed by Toni Palmer.由托妮·帕默精彩演繹的胸部豐滿、吵吵嚷嚷的霍爾太太

②(VERB)描繪；描述 When a writer or artist portrays something, he or she writes a description or produces a painting of it.●...this northern novelist, who accurately portrays provincial domestic life.這位準(zhǔn)確描述外省家庭生活的北方小說(shuō)家

●...the landscape as portrayed by painters such as Claude and Poussin.克勞德和普桑等畫家所描繪的風(fēng)景

2.Exemplary |ig?zempl?ri| providing a good example for people to copy 典范的；可作榜樣的；可作楷模的 Her behaviour was exemplary.她的行為堪作楷模。

a man of exemplary character 一個(gè)具有模范品德的人 3.Takehold sb captive They were taken captive by masked gunmen.他們被蒙面的持槍歹徒劫持了。

The picture gave rise to speculation that the three were still alive and being held captive.這張照片讓人們猜測(cè)這3個(gè)人還活著，而且被囚禁起來(lái)了。

4.Dart |dɑ:t;美 dɑ:rt| [動(dòng)詞 + 副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)] to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛沖；突進(jìn)；飛奔

A dog darted across the road in front of me.一條狗突然在我面前竄過(guò)馬路。

Her eyes darted around the room, looking for Greg.她環(huán)視了一下房間，尋找格雷格。

~ a glance/look(at sb)to look at sb suddenly and quickly（朝某人猛然）看一眼，瞥一眼

[動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(yǔ) + 名詞短語(yǔ)] He darted an impatient look at Vicky.他不耐煩地朝維基瞥了一眼。He darted Vicky an impatient look.他不耐煩地瞥了維基一眼。

5.Anonymous |??n?n?m?s;美??nɑ:n-|(of a person 人)with a name that is not known or that is not made public 不知姓名的；名字不公開(kāi)的

an anonymous donor 不知姓名的捐贈(zèng)者

The money was donated by a local businessman who wishes to remain anonymous.這筆款子是當(dāng)?shù)匾晃徊辉竿嘎缎彰钠髽I(yè)家捐贈(zèng)的。詞根

Onym英 ['?n?m] 美 ['?n?m] =nam,表示“名字” adj.anonymous 匿名的

an無(wú)+onym名字+ous??的→匿名的

Homonymous 英 [h?'m?n?m?s] 美 [ho?'m?n?m?s] adj.同音異義的，雙關(guān)的，同名的;

homo英 ['h?m??] 美 ['ho?mo?] 同+onym名字+ous??的→homonymous同名的 Onymous署名的 anonymous letter 匿名信

6.rigorous 英 [?r?g?r?s] 美 [?r?ɡ?r?s] adj.嚴(yán)密的;縝密的;嚴(yán)格的;枯燥的;雙語(yǔ)例句

1.Taxis must conform to the rigorous standards laid down by the police.出租車必須遵守警方的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定。

2.The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.選拔過(guò)程是基于對(duì)能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的嚴(yán)格測(cè)試.7.Land |l?nd| 1)JOB 工作

(informal)to succeed in getting a job, etc., especially one that a lot of other people want 成功得到，贏得，撈到（尤指許多人想得到的工作）

[動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(yǔ)] He's just landed a starring role in Spielberg's next movie.他剛得到一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，在斯皮爾伯格執(zhí)導(dǎo)的下一部電影里擔(dān)任主角。[動(dòng)詞 + 名詞短語(yǔ) + 名詞短語(yǔ)] She's just landed herself a company directorship.她剛在一家公司謀到一個(gè)主管的職位。

2)[單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞] to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface 落；降落；著陸

The plane landed safely.飛機(jī)安全著陸了。A fly landed on his nose.一只蒼蠅落在他的鼻子上。take off 3)ARRIVE IN PLANE/BOAT 乘飛機(jī) / 船到達(dá)

[單獨(dú)使用的動(dòng)詞] to arrive somewhere in a plane or a boat（乘飛機(jī)或船）著陸，登陸

We shall be landing shortly.Please fasten your seatbelts.我們很快就要著陸，請(qǐng)您系好安全帶。The troops landed at dawn.部隊(duì)已在黎明登陸。

They were the first men to land on the moon.他們是首批登上月球的人。

8.Compliment |?k?mpl?m?nt;美?kɑ:m-| ①(N-COUNT)贊美;恭維(話)A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance, appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.to pay sb a compliment(= to praise them for sth)對(duì)某人表示贊揚(yáng)

● You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments...對(duì)女人說(shuō)些恭維話沒(méi)有壞處。

②(VERB)贊美;恭維 If you compliment someone, you pay them a compliment.● They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me...每次見(jiàn)到我，他們都稱贊我的外貌.9.as they are 通常用在詞尾，表示“照現(xiàn)在的樣子;照現(xiàn)在的情形”，單數(shù)則用 as it is.The wise person accepts things as they are.智者對(duì)一切事物隨遇而安，泰然處之。I learned long ago to face life as it is, not as I wish it to be.直面現(xiàn)實(shí)生活 10.calling 英 [?k?:l??] 美 [?k?l??]

n.（從事某職業(yè)或活動(dòng)的，尤指幫助他人的）強(qiáng)烈沖動(dòng)；使命感；天職;Some think teaching is a profession;but for me,it is a calling.一個(gè)使命 11.embark 英 [?m?bɑ:k] 美 [?m?bɑrk] vi.上飛機(jī)，上船;著手，從事;vt.使?上船或飛機(jī);使從事，使著手;投資于;embark on/upon sth ①(VERB)著手；開(kāi)始做 If you embark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing it.● He's embarking on a new career as a writer...他即將開(kāi)始新的職業(yè)生涯——當(dāng)一名作家。②(VERB)登(船);上(船)When someone embarks on a ship, they go on board before the start of a journey.We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked.我們站在突碼頭上目送他們登船。They embarked the troops by night.他們讓部隊(duì)在夜里上了船。

12.deprive of 英 [di?praiv?v] 美 [d??pra?v ?v].deprive sb/sth of sthto prevent sb from having or doing sth, especially sth important 剝奪；使喪失；使不能享有

They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.他們?cè)獾奖O(jiān)禁并被剝奪了基本權(quán)利。

Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures? 你為什么連這種簡(jiǎn)單的娛樂(lè)也不讓自己享受一下呢？ 13.Lead by example 以身作則

Good parents lead by example rather than only tell their children what to do.14.Majesty |?m?d??sti|(pl.-ies)[不可數(shù)名詞] the impressive and attractive quality that sth has 雄偉，壯觀；莊嚴(yán)；威嚴(yán);崇高

the sheer majesty of St Peter's in Rome 羅馬圣彼得大教堂的雄偉莊嚴(yán) the majesty of the music 那音樂(lè)的莊嚴(yán)氣氛

[可數(shù)名詞] His/Her/Your Majesty a title of respect used when speaking about or to a king or queen（對(duì)國(guó)王或女王的尊稱）陛下

15.live on 英 [liv ?n] 美 [liv ɑn] 繼續(xù)活著;繼續(xù)存在;住在?上;以?為食;.I live on my own in a studio flat.我自己住在一個(gè)單間公寓里。

.They are still having to live on very low incomes.他們現(xiàn)在還得靠微薄的收入過(guò)日子。

.The press conference was broadcast live on Polish television.波蘭電視臺(tái)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播了記者招待會(huì)。

.The family was forced to live on credit from local merchants.這家人不得不靠向當(dāng)?shù)厣倘速d賬生活。

.You'll have enough to live on.你會(huì)有足夠的錢生活下去。.I live on an invalidity pension.我靠傷殘養(yǎng)老金過(guò)活。.It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.他越來(lái)越難以靠他的工資維持生計(jì)了。.I live on the ground floor.我住在一樓。

(PHRASAL VERB)繼續(xù)活著；存在下去 If someone lives on, they continue to be alive for a long time after a particular point in time or after a particular event.● I know my life has been cut short by this terrible virus but Daniel will live on after me.我知道這種可怕的病毒會(huì)讓我的生命提前結(jié)束，但丹尼爾會(huì)在我死后繼續(xù)活下去。

央視網(wǎng)消息：在接受央視兩會(huì)面對(duì)面的采訪中，全國(guó)政協(xié)委員、演員陳道明對(duì)圈內(nèi)一些演員的職業(yè)精神發(fā)表了自己的看法。

全國(guó)政協(xié)委員、演員陳道明

有些演員職業(yè)精神遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠

記者：當(dāng)您看到這些，一夜就能成為爆紅的一些明星，可能他們的片酬，比您不知道高多少的時(shí)候，您什么心態(tài)？

陳道明：并不是我們拿多少錢，應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該，也不是他們拿多少錢，應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該，是不是你認(rèn)真地完成了你的職業(yè)。

記者：您理解的您的職業(yè)，應(yīng)該是什么？

陳道明：職業(yè)操守。

記者：是什么？

陳道明：認(rèn)真工作，全心創(chuàng)作，各行各業(yè)的職業(yè)精神，我覺(jué)得都是一樣的。

記者：如果用這樣的職業(yè)精神，您去衡量一下，現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)的所謂的明星的話？

陳道明：我覺(jué)得好的還是大多數(shù)，我也跟很多年輕演員接觸過(guò)，他們有的時(shí)候也說(shuō)，說(shuō)我們沒(méi)辦法，他們也要存活呀，有時(shí)候不能不隨波逐流，這個(gè)天體這個(gè)漩渦，它的力量之大，是每一個(gè)粒子組成的，這粒子是誰(shuí)呢，就是我們，當(dāng)你卷進(jìn)這漩渦的時(shí)候，你好像是被動(dòng)卷進(jìn)去的，但是你到了里頭就成了動(dòng)力。

記者：可以不進(jìn)去嗎？ 陳道明：可以。

記者：要付出什么？

陳道明：被邊緣化，所以我也非常理解他們，現(xiàn)在我覺(jué)得問(wèn)題出在，不出在他們年輕上，也不出現(xiàn)在貌美上，是他們沒(méi)有一個(gè)正確的職業(yè)觀，你干這個(gè)職業(yè)，現(xiàn)在動(dòng)不動(dòng)，什么手破了，什么哪兒摔傷了，什么冬天在水里頭，夏天穿著大皮襖，變成了一個(gè)演員的功勞，你就是干這個(gè)的，你拿的就是這份錢，人家清潔工早上4點(diǎn)起早，你還在被窩里怎么說(shuō)呢你的職業(yè)就是這個(gè)，然后還把它當(dāng)作敬業(yè)，你演員就應(yīng)該吃苦，就應(yīng)該吃這樣的苦。

演員自我要求必須嚴(yán)格

演員是文化作品的重要承載者，演員的職業(yè)和道德情操，直接影響精神產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和社會(huì)效果。而一個(gè)民族文化欣賞水平的高低，決定了整個(gè)民族的文化氣質(zhì)，作為一名演員，陳道明對(duì)自己有明確的要求。

陳道明：有些劇我不拍。

記者：什么劇不拍？

陳道明：抗日神劇我就不拍。它不光是一個(gè)電視劇的問(wèn)題，牽扯到一個(gè)正確的歷史觀問(wèn)題，我想“90后”“00后”“10后”，將來(lái)看現(xiàn)在的抗日劇，是不是認(rèn)為抗日就是那樣，穿著皮大衣，拿著駁殼槍，男的像潘安，女的像柳如是，是不是都是那樣。

記者：還有什么不拍？

陳道明：偽歷史劇，我說(shuō)的偽歷史劇，就是這個(gè)劇是完完全全不靠邊的。

記者：您不覺(jué)得，您能做的實(shí)在是太少了？

陳道明：這個(gè)只有靠行業(yè)的文化自覺(jué)，我作為我們演員，提高自己的一個(gè)鑒別意識(shí)，文化覺(jué)悟一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)提高，辨識(shí)度一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)提高，這得需要多漫長(zhǎng)的爬坡，反正我是這樣，有些東西我是堅(jiān)決不拍的，我就覺(jué)得文化問(wèn)題，是一個(gè)特別重要的問(wèn)題，給老百姓到底端上什么樣的菜，吃什么樣的飯，喝什么樣的湯。

記者：作為一名演員，可以給這個(gè)社會(huì)輸出一些什么？

陳道明：情感，人類良性的情感，對(duì)國(guó)家的情感，對(duì)親人的情感，對(duì)族人的情感，其實(shí)每個(gè)人如果都有一種情懷的話，良性的情懷，我覺(jué)得不愁出好片子。

記者：所以從這個(gè)角度，演員對(duì)社會(huì)的責(zé)任是什么？

陳道明：你必須要鑒別這個(gè)東西，輸出給社會(huì)，是不是能起到溫暖人改變?nèi)说淖饔茫? 記者：因?yàn)檠輪T他和普通人不一樣，有一種放大的效應(yīng)，別人會(huì)向你學(xué)的，所以你必須得用更嚴(yán)格的要求，去要求自己。

陳道明：我昨天在跟劉恒老師聊天，他就說(shuō)我覺(jué)得我生活上拘謹(jǐn)，我說(shuō)魚和熊掌不能兼得，沒(méi)有說(shuō)你又可以花天酒地，你又功名利祿。

記者：您要舍哪一塊兒？

陳道明：盡量?jī)艋约喊伞?/p>

記者：你要付出的是什么？

陳道明：我要付出的是約束，對(duì)自己的約束，不是什么話什么事都能做。

記者：所以這就是您明白了，現(xiàn)在有不少演員，他沒(méi)明白這一點(diǎn)。

陳道明：慢慢碰釘子，我也再重復(fù)一遍，并不是他拿多少錢，我們不要聚焦這個(gè)，我覺(jué)得你拿這么多錢，是不是干了這么多的事，是不是你對(duì)得起觀眾，工作是怎么做的，我覺(jué)得我更看重的是這個(gè)。

第五篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)2Unit3

讀寫教程2第一單元原文翻譯

跨國(guó)婚姻

我和蓋爾計(jì)劃舉行一個(gè)不事張揚(yáng)的婚禮。在兩年的相處中，我們的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了起伏，這是一對(duì)情侶在學(xué)著相互了解、理解和尊重時(shí)常常出現(xiàn)的。但在這整整兩年間，我們坦誠(chéng)地面對(duì)彼此性格中的弱點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

我們之間的種族及文化差異不但增強(qiáng)了我們的關(guān)系，還教會(huì)了我們要彼此寬容、諒解和開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公。蓋爾有時(shí)不明白為何我和其他黑人如此關(guān)注種族問(wèn)題，而我感到吃驚的是，她好像忘記了美國(guó)社會(huì)中種族仇恨種種微妙的表現(xiàn)形式。

對(duì)于成為居住在美國(guó)、異族通婚的夫妻，我和蓋爾對(duì)未來(lái)沒(méi)有不切實(shí)際的幻想。相互信任和尊重才是我們倆永不枯竭的力量源泉。

許多夫妻因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤的理由結(jié)了婚，結(jié)果在10年、20年或30年后才發(fā)覺(jué)他們?cè)瓉?lái)是合不來(lái)的。他們?cè)诨榍皫缀鯖](méi)有花時(shí)間去互相了解，他們忽視了嚴(yán)重的性格差異，指望婚姻會(huì)自然而然地解決各種問(wèn)題。我們希望避免重蹈覆轍。事實(shí)更說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)：已經(jīng)結(jié)婚35年的蓋爾的父母正經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)充滿怨恨、令人痛苦的婚變，這件事給蓋爾帶來(lái)了很大打擊，并一度給我們正處于萌芽狀態(tài)的關(guān)系造成了負(fù)面影響。

當(dāng)蓋爾把我們計(jì)劃舉辦婚禮的消息告訴家人時(shí)，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母親德博拉過(guò)去一直贊成我們的關(guān)系，甚至還開(kāi)過(guò)玩笑，問(wèn)我們打算何時(shí)結(jié)婚，這樣她就可以抱外孫了。但這次聽(tīng)到我們要結(jié)婚的消息時(shí)，她沒(méi)有向我們表示祝賀，反而勸蓋爾想清楚自己的決定是否正確?！斑@么說(shuō)我跟他約會(huì)沒(méi)錯(cuò)，但是如果我跟他結(jié)婚，就錯(cuò)了。媽媽，是不是因?yàn)樗哪w色？”蓋爾后來(lái)告訴我她曾這樣問(wèn)她母親。

“首先我必須承認(rèn)，剛開(kāi)始時(shí)我對(duì)異族通婚是有保留意見(jiàn)的，也許你甚至可以把這稱為偏見(jiàn)。但是當(dāng)我見(jiàn)到馬克時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)既討人喜歡又聰明的年輕人。任何一個(gè)母親都會(huì)因?yàn)橛羞@樣一個(gè)女婿而感到臉上有光的。所以，這事跟膚色沒(méi)有關(guān)系。是的，我的朋友們會(huì)說(shuō)閑話。有些朋友甚至對(duì)你所做的事表示震驚。但他們的生活與我們的不同。因此你要明白，馬克的膚色不是問(wèn)題。我最大的擔(dān)心是你也許跟我當(dāng)初嫁給你爸爸一樣，為了錯(cuò)誤的原因而嫁給馬克。當(dāng)年我和你爸爸相遇時(shí)，在我眼中，他可愛(ài)、聰明、富有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鮮、那么令人興奮。而且我們兩人都認(rèn)為，我們的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且一切跡象都表明我們的婚姻會(huì)天長(zhǎng)地久。直到后來(lái)我才明白，在我們結(jié)婚時(shí)，我并不十分理解我所愛(ài)的人——你的爸爸?！?/p>

“但是我和馬克呆在一起已有兩年多了，”蓋爾抱怨道?！拔覀儌z一起經(jīng)歷了許許多多的事情。我們彼此多次看到對(duì)方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定時(shí)間只能證明我們是彼此深情相愛(ài)的。”

“你也許是對(duì)的。但我還是認(rèn)為再等一等沒(méi)壞處。你才25歲?！?/p>

蓋爾的父親戴維——我還未見(jiàn)過(guò)他的面——以知事莫若父的態(tài)度對(duì)待我們的決定。他問(wèn)的問(wèn)題基本上和蓋爾母親的問(wèn)題相同：“干嗎這么匆忙？這個(gè)馬克是什么人？他是什么公民身份？”當(dāng)他得知我辦公民身份遇到了問(wèn)題時(shí)，就懷疑我是因?yàn)橄肓粼诿绹?guó)而娶他女兒的。

“不過(guò)爸爸，你這話講得太難聽(tīng)了，”蓋爾說(shuō)。

“那么干嗎要這樣著急？”他重復(fù)地問(wèn)。

“馬克是有公民身份方面的問(wèn)題，但他總是在自己處理這些問(wèn)題，”蓋爾辯解道?！笆聦?shí)上，當(dāng)我們?cè)谟懻摻Y(jié)婚的時(shí)候，他清楚地表明了一點(diǎn)：如果我對(duì)任何事情有懷疑，我完全可以取消我們的計(jì)劃。”

她父親開(kāi)始引用統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明異族通婚的離婚率比同族結(jié)婚的要高，而且還列舉了接受過(guò)他咨詢的、在婚姻上有麻煩的異族通婚夫婦的例子。他問(wèn)道：“你考慮過(guò)你將來(lái)的孩子可能會(huì)遭受的苦難嗎？”

“爸爸，你是種族主義者嗎？”

“不，當(dāng)然不是。但你必須得現(xiàn)實(shí)一點(diǎn)?！?/p>

“也許我們的孩子會(huì)遇到一些問(wèn)題。但誰(shuí)的孩子不會(huì)呢？可是有一樣?xùn)|西他們將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)擁有，那就是我們的愛(ài)?！?/p>

“那是理想主義的想法。人們對(duì)異族通婚生下的孩子是會(huì)很殘酷的。”

“爸爸，到時(shí)候我們自己會(huì)操心的。但是假如我們?cè)谧鍪裁词轮?，就必須把所有的疑難問(wèn)題全部解決的話，那么我們幾乎什么都干不成了?！薄坝涀?，你什么時(shí)候改變主意都不晚。”