第一篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 定語(yǔ)從句

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)：定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。

18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對(duì)）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1）定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）

2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對(duì)）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的that?？墒÷浴hat只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會(huì)喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況

a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：

（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介詞后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí):

1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?

--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit

C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything

he had seen there.A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what

4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city

he had visited in China.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.what

5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.that 6.Is this the museum you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one 7.This is the very film

I've long wished to see.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom

8.There is no difficulty

can't be overcome in the world.A.that

B.which

C.who

D.what

9.Who is the person

is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom

10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as

11.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery（托兒所）.A.that

B.where

C.what

D.when

12.This is the last time

I shall come here to help you.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what

13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him whit the way _________-he behaves.A.which

B.what

C.／

D.how 15.This is the baby

tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after

C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman

she was.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.her 17.That's the hotel last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.That he could

C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone

this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place

you are standing used to be an old church.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when 21.You've made the same mistake you made last time.A.as

B.like

C.which

D.that

22.It is not such an interesting magazine

I thought.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As

B.which

C.That

D.／

24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.that

25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.／ 26.Do you remember the day your sister graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which

D.／

27.The bus, was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most

B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／

29.Do you know the reason

he didn't come? A.that

B.which

C.for

D.why

30.He is the only one of the three got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does

B.who do

C.which does

D.who did 32．-Have you read the books?

-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who

33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there

34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what

35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which

36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that

37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that

39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which

40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.Whose 41.This is all_____I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 42.This is the job _____they laughed.A.which B.that C.at that D.at which

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)

定語(yǔ)從句

1.① 關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）

A.從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞一致

one of +動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai

the only one +動(dòng)詞單數(shù)-------He is the only one of the students who has been to ShanghaiB.who/whom

介詞放在句尾，二者都可用------This is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.C.whose=of which

The classroomare broken is unoccupied.The classroomare broken is unoccupied.D.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

⑴v.+prep.which he had been⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house ’ve been⑶adj.+prep.The woker E.只用that

⑴.先行詞是最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞

⑵.先行詞是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none

或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行詞

⑶.先行詞既有人又有物

⑷.who/which…….that…..?

⑸…… which…….that……

② 關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)

A.when=on which

先行詞：occasion

B.where=in which

先行詞：case,point,situation,condition,stage

C.why=for which

先行詞：reason

2.A． when=and thenwhere=and there

B． as/which

(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后

(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句之后，用as

定語(yǔ)從句是否定句或表示否定時(shí)，用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected

(3)As anybody can see

As we had expected

As often happens

As has been said before

As is mentioned above

As I understand

As appears

(4)As+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)------Which+主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)-定語(yǔ)從句

嘉興英語(yǔ)教學(xué)網(wǎng)收集整理 歡迎使用

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2)Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1）when, where, why

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。

判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯(cuò)（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）

（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對(duì)）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ))。

限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1)定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）

2)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了

三遍。

3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

as, which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。

在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

As 的用法

例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever/that...1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

關(guān)系代詞that的用法

1）不用that的情況

a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

舉例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句教案及練習(xí)

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。

及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

A 有些動(dòng)詞只是及物動(dòng)詞;它們不可以單獨(dú)用，后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)。

{ False: They always want after lunch.Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{ False: He is sending now.Right: He is sending a letter now.B 有些動(dòng)詞只是不及物動(dòng)詞；它們可以單獨(dú)用，如果后面想接賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞后面必須加上介詞。

18.6 as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?/p>

典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which

C.as

D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。

例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。

2）who= the person that

whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對(duì)）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。

3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的that?？墒÷浴hat只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

A.of whom B.from whom C.about that D.who 14.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.A.where

B.who

C.in which D.which 15.Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A.that B.whom C.when D.whose 16.Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A.that

B.which

C.whatever D.all 17.The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A.most of them B.most of that C.most of whom D.most of those 18.This is the very letter ____came last night.A.who

B.which

C.that D.as 19.I know only a little about this matter;you may ask ____ knows better than I.A.whoever B.whomever C.anyone D.the one 20.This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.A.where

B./

C.when 21.This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.A.where

B.that C.which A.which B.in which

C.that

D.what D.on which 22.Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.D./ 23.Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.A.that, what B.what, that C.which, what D.that, which 24.Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow? A.that B.which

C.its

D.whose 25.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.A.whom B.who

C.to whom D.form whom 26.Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.which

C.that

D.where 27.Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.where

C.in which D./ 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A.whose

B.who C.whom D.which 29.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.A.it

B.which

C.that D.he 30.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.A.when there were B.which there were C.that there were D.where there were 31.I live in the house ____ windows face south.A.which

B.whose

32.----What game is popular with them?

C.where

D.in that

----The ____ most is tennis.A.game they like it B.game they like C.best game they like D.best game they like it 33.They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.A.which

B.which time C.during which time D.during which 34.The room ____ Mr.White lives is not very large.A.that B.which

C.where

D.when 35.Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.A.when B.that C.at which D.where 36.I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.A.that B.what C.which

D.when 37.He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.6-

第五篇：高中定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)[模版]

篇一：定語(yǔ)從句教案高中版 attributive clause 定語(yǔ)從句 i.teaching aims:（教學(xué)目的）

1、了解定語(yǔ)從句的位置、結(jié)構(gòu)以及翻譯；

2、學(xué)習(xí)并掌握定語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)則，尤其是關(guān)系代詞的選擇。ii.teaching points:（教學(xué)重點(diǎn)）

1、定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞以及關(guān)系代詞的概念；

2、關(guān)系代詞的選擇。

iii.teaching methods:（教學(xué)方法）

1、歌曲引入法，小魔術(shù)引導(dǎo)法；

2、舉例講解，說(shuō)明定語(yǔ)從句的用法；

3、以講練結(jié)合的方法加深學(xué)生印象。iv.teaching steps:（教學(xué)步驟）step one: lead-in（導(dǎo)入）

firstly，enjoy the music “take me to your heart”.t: what’s the name of the song? ss: it is take me to your heart.t: do you like the song whose name is take me to your heart? ss: i like the song whose name is take me to your heart very much.secondly, show the students your favorite sentence:“ all i need is someone who makes me wanna sing.do you know how to sing this sentence? 引出這句你最愛(ài)的歌詞，具體是什么樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，留個(gè)懸念，大家拭目以待！最后揭曉。step two: 引入定語(yǔ)從句概念

老師拿出兩根繩子，要求學(xué)生想個(gè)辦法將兩根繩子合二為一，學(xué)生提出各種方案，由此引出重要的概念：定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞，關(guān)系詞。

在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句通常置于先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞主要有關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, which, that, whose)和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)。注意：本堂課重點(diǎn)講解關(guān)系代詞的選擇。eg2: harry porter is a boy.harry porter has magic power.harry porter is a boy who has magic power.（哈利波特是個(gè)有魔法的男孩.）step three: 詳細(xì)講解定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

1.以實(shí)例分析定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞以及關(guān)系詞的概念；

2.列出常用關(guān)系詞，主要是關(guān)系代詞。表格展示。說(shuō)明如果關(guān)系詞在從句中

做賓語(yǔ)，可以省略； 3.關(guān)系詞的選擇：（1）確定先行詞；（2）關(guān)系詞所替代的先行詞是指人還是

指物；（3）關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑? 4.實(shí)例鞏固；

5.游戲：a guessing game 根據(jù)描述猜人（姚明）。然后根據(jù)中文簡(jiǎn)介，自己

練習(xí)使用定語(yǔ)從句；

6.定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。不管引導(dǎo)詞是哪一個(gè)，都翻譯為“??的”； 7.基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)關(guān)系詞的選擇；

8.attention: 雖然that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情

況下, 只用that不用which。

(1)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。

(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

(3)先行詞被the only, the very(恰恰), the same, the last修飾時(shí)。(4)先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)。9.have a try!練習(xí)鞏固； 10.高考鏈接。

summary:（小結(jié)）讓學(xué)生自己進(jìn)行總結(jié)，老師適時(shí)給出一定的引導(dǎo)。homework:（作業(yè)）1.預(yù)習(xí)關(guān)系副詞的使用；

2.每人造五個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的例句，可以描述人，物體以及事情。teaching reflection:(教學(xué)反思)總的來(lái)說(shuō)整堂課的氣氛基本達(dá)到我的預(yù)想，教學(xué)內(nèi)容也得以輸出。但是卻未能準(zhǔn)確把握上課時(shí)間，由于內(nèi)容偏多，導(dǎo)致后半節(jié)課有些許趕進(jìn)度，這就影響了整個(gè)教學(xué)效果，我想這是經(jīng)驗(yàn)不夠的緣故。此外，課件部分的聲效似乎不是非常適合，有些過(guò)于突兀。但還是要給自己鼓勵(lì)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有出現(xiàn)預(yù)想的緊張等情緒。繼續(xù)努力！篇二：高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句精華版教學(xué)案

定語(yǔ)從句

導(dǎo)入：

e.g.she is a beautiful girl.she is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.（一）定語(yǔ)從句定義

1.定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子（做這個(gè)名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)）叫定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，2.先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。3.用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系代詞的種類：

關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whose, 關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why 4.定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句。

1.there she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2.in japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.4.the park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of asia.5.visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6.oprah winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定語(yǔ)從句分類

限定性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說(shuō)明，對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定

作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，解釋，它與先行詞關(guān)系松散，用

逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

1.the man who gave me this book is tom.(限定性)2.tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate(非限定性)

（三）關(guān)系代詞 1.who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，口語(yǔ)中可做賓語(yǔ)；that 也可指人，但多用 who.e.g.the man who is sitting under the tree is a german.2.whom指人，在句中做賓語(yǔ)，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語(yǔ)是只能用whom,不

能用who.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)不能省略。

e.g.the man(whom)you look for has left.i know the girl(whom)the teacher is speaking to.i know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking.3.whose, 作定語(yǔ)，可指人或物

e.g.everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.they are the lazy students whose homework wasn‘t handed in.針對(duì)練習(xí)

2011全國(guó)卷i)the prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.a.that b.which c.whose d.what 2011the school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.a.whichb.whosec.when d.where 3.〖10山東〗that‘s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.a.thatb.whichc.whosed.what 4.〖10陜西〗the old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.a.where b.which c.its d.whose 5.〖10北京〗children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.a.what b.whose c.whichd.that 6.〖10重慶〗in china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.a.whereb.whichc.whosed.that 7.〖09天津〗a person ______ e-mail account is full won‘t be able to send or receive any e-mails.a.who b.whom c.whosed.whoever8.〖09安徽〗many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village． a．theirb．whose c．of themd．with whom 9.〖09湖南〗i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.a.which b.of which c.that d.whose 4.that 指人或物，多指物，作主語(yǔ)（不能省略）或賓語(yǔ)（可省略）this is a plant that grows in the north.5.which ,指物，在句中做主語(yǔ)（不能省略），或賓語(yǔ)（可省略）。e.g.this is a plant which grows in the north.? 常用that不用which的情況

只能that用做關(guān)系代詞的情況（共9種類型）。

1.當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時(shí)，只用that。歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that準(zhǔn)沒(méi)錯(cuò)。pay attention to everything that i do.2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。

歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬(wàn)不要用which.this is the best novel(that)have read.3.如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的先行詞，并同時(shí)兼指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。歌訣助記：兩項(xiàng)并列人與物，引導(dǎo)定從用that.they were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.4.當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修飾時(shí)。this is the last time that i shall give you a lesson.5.在疑問(wèn)詞which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句中,為了避免重復(fù)只用that。which of the students that knows something about history.6.當(dāng)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)，只用that。he has little time that he can spare.7.當(dāng)被修飾的成分是數(shù)詞時(shí)，（被修飾成分是代名詞one，指人時(shí)除外）只用that.i‘ve got one that you might be interested in.（3）用which，不用that的情況

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

e.g.football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一項(xiàng)有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

carol said the work would be done by october, which personally i doubt very much.卡羅爾說(shuō)這項(xiàng)工作將在十月前做，對(duì)此我個(gè)人表示懷疑。dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy.桃樂(lè)茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當(dāng)然使別人不高興。

②直接放在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。a.whichb.wherec.when d.as 2011the old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.a.they b.where c.what d.that a.which b.wherec.what d.who a.who b.wherec.when d.which 5.〖10全國(guó)ⅱ〗i refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else‘s fault.a.whob.that c.asd.what

（四）關(guān)系副詞 1.when 指時(shí)間

（1）在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，先行詞主要為一些時(shí)間名詞（year ,day ,time,week 等）,但時(shí)間名詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用that，which，不能用when 做主語(yǔ) i‘ll never forget the time 作狀語(yǔ) 做主語(yǔ)

做賓語(yǔ)

he rememberes the days when he spent much money on stories.(2)it is the first time that ?句型中，that是習(xí)慣用法，不用when。e.g.it is the first time that i have been to the great wall.2.where 指地點(diǎn)

（1）指前面的地點(diǎn)，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

e.g.i know the factory where i worked twenty years ago.(2)指地點(diǎn)，在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用where，須用that/which.e.g.this is the house where he has lived for 20 years.this is the house that he has lived in for 20 years.e.g.this is the shool ｛in which /where we study every year.this is the shool that /which we visited yesterday.注：有時(shí)when ,where 相當(dāng)于“介詞+at/in +which ”.e.g.he left the room where /in which he lived last year.(3)當(dāng)先行詞為某個(gè)方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時(shí)使用關(guān)系副詞 3.why表示原因

―the reason why ?.that?.‖中，不能用because 代替that.the reason why he didn‘t attend the meeting is that he was ill.但reason 在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that/which ,課省略 e.g.i don‘t believe the reason(which/that)he gave me.關(guān)系副詞針對(duì)性練習(xí)

2011between the two parts of the concert is an interval（間隔;幕間, 休息時(shí)間;距離）, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.a.when b.where c.that d.which 2011whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.a.when b.which c.where d.while 2011a bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.a.when b.that c.where d.there 2011the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.a．that b．when c．since d． berore 2011i walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.a.whichb.wherec.who d.that 6.〖10福建〗stephen hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.a.that b.where c.which d.whose 7.〖10江西〗the girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.a whereb who c which d what 8.〖10天津〗-----can you believe i had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-----you should try the barber‘st‘s only 15.a.as b.which c.where d.that 10.〖09四川〗she‘ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.a.that b.which c.where d.when 11.〖09福建〗it‘s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.a.that b.when c.whichd.where 12.〖09浙江〗i have reached a point in my life ______ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.a.which b.wherec.how d.why a.whyb.what c.that d.where 14.〖09北京〗—what do you think of teacher, bob？

—i find it fun and challenging.it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.a.where b.whichc.when d.that 15.〖08北京〗i‘ll give you my friend‘s home address, i can be reached most evenings.a.which b.when c.whom d.where 16.〖08安徽〗all the neighbors admire this family, like a friend. a.why b.where c.which d.that a.where b.when c.who d.which 18.〖08重慶〗they will fly to washington, a.where b.therec.which d.when 19.〖08山東〗occasionsi have the time to spend a day with my kids.a.who b.which c.whyd.when

（五）．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

當(dāng)先行詞在定于從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）”結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語(yǔ)東西如look after 等中的介詞不能與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)，故不能放在關(guān)心代詞之前。確定介詞時(shí)： 篇三：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 定語(yǔ)從句

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)：定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：

is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如： they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如： a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如： there are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。beijing is the place where（in which）i was born.北京是我的出生地。

is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和介+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：

his father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

he is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

（錯(cuò)）this is the mountain village where i visited last year.（錯(cuò)）i will never forget the days when i spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）this is the mountain village（which）i visited last year.（對(duì)）ill never forget the days（which）i spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1.is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? a.where b.that c.on which d.the one 例2.is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.a.where b.that c.on which d.the one 答案：例1 d，例2 a 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?this is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選d。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選a。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。18.4 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1）定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：

this is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）

the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）

2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

charles smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：

he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

this is the house in which i lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。this is the house where i lived two years ago.do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?/p>

典型例題

1）alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.a.it b.that c.which d.he 答案c.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）the weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.a.what b.which c.that d.it 答案b。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。3）it rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..a.that b.which c.as d.it 答案b.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為b。as 的用法

例1.the same?as；such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。例如： i have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。

例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有正如。例如：

as we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。as is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.as是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1）whoever spits in public will be punished here.（whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）the parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如： what you want has been sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。

whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。

（錯(cuò)）who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。