第一篇：【2016年G20峰會成果文件】杭州行動計劃

杭州行動計劃

一、概述

自2008年金融危機以來，全球經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)得到了長足的發(fā)展，但復(fù)蘇依然脆弱且不盡如人意。此外，經(jīng)濟增長的成果需要被更加廣泛的分享，以滿足人民群眾的預(yù)期。我們意識到，必須更努力地以可持續(xù)和包容的方式提高經(jīng)濟增速和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)，以及我們在應(yīng)對全球經(jīng)濟下行風(fēng)險時可發(fā)揮積極的推動作用。我們也意識到進一步促進經(jīng)濟增長的努力能否獲得支持取決于經(jīng)濟增長帶來的好處能否被廣泛分享，以及能否惠及貧困和更脆弱的人群。

杭州行動計劃列出了我們將要遵循的戰(zhàn)略，以促進強勁和更加廣泛的經(jīng)濟增長，實現(xiàn)所有人共享的發(fā)展成果。在過去承諾的基礎(chǔ)上，行動計劃中列出的新承諾旨在開辟一條通往強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容性增長的清晰道路。行動計劃包含許多將在未來幾年采取的政策行動，其中一些是短期內(nèi)促進經(jīng)濟增長和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策措施，其他一些是中長期預(yù)計可提高經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)率和生活水平的結(jié)構(gòu)性改革措施，還有一些政策旨在確保我們追求的短期和中期增長在面臨突發(fā)情況時更具韌性，更可持續(xù)，能更大力度地支持自然環(huán)境，以及可更公平地分享。

二、過去承諾的實施情況

在2014年布里斯班峰會上，我們在增長戰(zhàn)略中列出的重大行動承諾如能得到充分且及時的落實，將在2018年之前將二十國集團（G20）的整體國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）額外提高2%（共同增長雄心）。為達到目標，我們于2015年制定了一個強有力的框架，以密切監(jiān)測我們承諾的落實情況。我們在安塔利亞峰會上調(diào)整了增長戰(zhàn)略，包括我們正在采取的新行動，以便根據(jù)變化中的經(jīng)濟挑戰(zhàn)提高戰(zhàn)略的效果。2016年是實現(xiàn)布里斯班雄心的關(guān)鍵之年，因為其標志著如今時間已過半。因此，今年我們完善了增長戰(zhàn)略，增加了新的關(guān)鍵承諾，并加強了同行評估，以便更全面、詳細地評估成員國的增長戰(zhàn)略以及過去承諾的落實進展。我們還將投資戰(zhàn)略并入增長戰(zhàn)略，以提高效率。

我們對落實情況的監(jiān)測得到了國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）、經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織（OECD）以及世界銀行集團（WBG）評估的支持。監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明，G20成員國已經(jīng)完成了一半以上的在布里斯班做出的多年承諾以及大約一半的在安塔利亞做出的承諾，其余承諾大都在落實中。國際組織的評估還表明，截至目前，我們大致完成了一半的共同增長雄心。我們意識到，我們必須更加努力，尤其是必須更加努力地加快有效落實所有剩余承諾?！?016年問責(zé)評估》報告了我們增長戰(zhàn)略承諾的落實進展。

三、通向強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容性增長的道路

盡管為履行我們過去的承諾而采取的行動值得稱贊，但我們承認，如要繼續(xù)沿著強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容性增長之路前行，必須繼續(xù)努力。我們決心各自以及共同使用包括貨幣政策、財政政策和結(jié)構(gòu)性改革在內(nèi)的所有政策工具來達到這一目標。由于各國國情不同，我們每個國家在許多領(lǐng)域采取適當?shù)恼咝袆訒r需保持謹慎。同時，我們的共同努力也將在短期和中期給各國帶來好處，并將為全球經(jīng)濟更強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容性增長打下堅實基礎(chǔ)。

（一）強化短期經(jīng)濟增長和穩(wěn)定。

雖然自全球金融危機爆發(fā)以來，全球經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)改觀，但我們?nèi)詫θ蚪?jīng)濟復(fù)蘇差強人意表示擔(dān)憂。全球經(jīng)濟環(huán)境充滿挑戰(zhàn)，下行風(fēng)險猶存，尤其是大宗商品價格波動以及許多發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體的通脹水平處于低位。金融市場的波動性依舊高企，經(jīng)濟重構(gòu)、地緣政治沖突、恐怖主義和難民流動繼續(xù)使全球經(jīng)濟環(huán)境復(fù)雜化。我們正在使用貨幣和財政政策增強信心，促進經(jīng)濟增長和穩(wěn)定。我們認識到需求側(cè)措施在支持經(jīng)濟活動中的重要作用及其對結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的補充作用。因此在2016年，我們出臺了如下一系列措施：

-澳大利亞、印度尼西亞和韓國的中央銀行根據(jù)各自職責(zé)下調(diào)了利率。

-歐央行已在符合其職責(zé)的情況下繼續(xù)擴大資產(chǎn)購買計劃，將公司債納入購買計劃并將購買規(guī)模由每月600億歐元擴大至每月800億歐元，并把存款便利利率下調(diào)至-0.4%。

-日本央行于2016年早些時候引入了“負利率政策并同時實施質(zhì)化和量化貨幣寬松政策”，并在晚些時候通過擴大購買交易型開放式指數(shù)基金（ETFs）的規(guī)模以加大寬松力度，并采取措施確保日本企業(yè)和金融機構(gòu)能夠順利獲得外幣融資。

-英格蘭銀行已降息并宣布推出一個定期融資計劃以加強降息的政策傳導(dǎo)效應(yīng)，減少逆周期資本緩沖以支持信貸發(fā)放，擴大資產(chǎn)購買計劃，額外增加購買600億英鎊國債和最多100億英鎊公司債。

-土耳其央行已采取措施提高其貨幣政策工具的有效性，并通過下調(diào)邊際貸款利率來收窄利率走廊。

-加拿大和美國的貨幣政策仍保持寬松。

-加拿大將在六年中進行約502億加元（占其GDP的2.5%）的戰(zhàn)略投資，為經(jīng)濟提供直接支持，并在長期范圍內(nèi)提高潛在產(chǎn)出。

-中國將在2016年投入5000億元人民幣的中央政府投資，以支持保障性安居工程、糧食水利、中西部鐵路、科技創(chuàng)新、節(jié)能環(huán)保等重點領(lǐng)域工作。

-印度加大了對基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域的投資。

-日本推出規(guī)模為28.1萬億日元（占其GDP5.6%）的經(jīng)濟刺激計劃，其中財政刺激措施的規(guī)模為13.5萬億日元（占GDP2.7%）。

-美國將2016年和2017年聯(lián)邦預(yù)算支出授權(quán)提高了1110億美元，以支持短期需求。

-韓國將增加其2016年下半年的財政支出，增加規(guī)模將超過28萬億韓元（占GDP1.9%），其中包括11萬億韓元的補充預(yù)算。

（二）促進中期實際與潛在增長。

為促進中期實際和潛在增長，我們正在進一步推進結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，包括通過為戰(zhàn)略性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資奠定基礎(chǔ)，以及共同建設(shè)一個公平而高效的國際稅收體系的方式。

1.深化結(jié)構(gòu)性改革議程。

我們相信，結(jié)構(gòu)性改革是推動中長期經(jīng)濟增長的重要動力，在有力的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策框架配合下，能夠提振信心、刺激需求、創(chuàng)造就業(yè)并促進短期經(jīng)濟增長。我們制定了涵蓋九大優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域的深化結(jié)構(gòu)性改革議程，其中包括各優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域的指導(dǎo)原則和指標體系（詳見《G20深化結(jié)構(gòu)性改革議程》）。不同國家結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的具體重點不盡相同，各國將集中關(guān)注與自身改革最密切相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域。成員國可以將優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域與指導(dǎo)原則用于指導(dǎo)今后的政策改革，包括用于更新增長戰(zhàn)略。指標體系包括政策指標和產(chǎn)出指標等，旨在幫助評估和監(jiān)測結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的進展，以及這些改革措施是否足以應(yīng)對結(jié)構(gòu)性挑戰(zhàn)。我們承諾繼續(xù)落實和完善《G20深化結(jié)構(gòu)性改革議程》。

我們已就下列九大優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域做出了結(jié)構(gòu)性改革承諾。這些承諾與指導(dǎo)原則保持一致。

促進貿(mào)易和投資開放

我們正在采取措施以減少外商直接投資的障礙和限制，落實貿(mào)易便利措施以降低邊境成本以及合理地減少貿(mào)易和投資的邊境后限制，致力于構(gòu)建更加和諧的跨境貿(mào)易關(guān)系。

成員國關(guān)于促進貿(mào)易和投資開放的承諾包括：

-中國繼續(xù)保持開放，并推動服務(wù)貿(mào)易。

-印度進一步放松對外商直接投資的限制，提高境外機構(gòu)在印度股市、保險和養(yǎng)老金領(lǐng)域的投資限額。

-印度尼西亞正在消除其市場堡壘，以吸引更多的外商投資，并用數(shù)字化技術(shù)簡化貿(mào)易監(jiān)管，具體包括改革政府服務(wù)，并將貿(mào)易處理從紙質(zhì)化向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化轉(zhuǎn)變。

-韓國正在調(diào)整對外商在高科技領(lǐng)域投資的扶持政策，從而為新興產(chǎn)業(yè)提供更多的稅收優(yōu)惠。

促進競爭并改善商業(yè)環(huán)境

我們正在采取措施減少創(chuàng)業(yè)和發(fā)展商業(yè)活動的行政和法律障礙，為市場競爭創(chuàng)造公平的環(huán)境，實施有效的破產(chǎn)程序。我們也在采取措施減少損害競爭的限制性規(guī)定，減輕過度的合規(guī)負擔(dān)，對落實監(jiān)管政策進行有效監(jiān)督，完善法規(guī)，提高司法系統(tǒng)的效率并打擊腐敗。

成員促進競爭并改善商業(yè)環(huán)境的承諾包括：

-巴西正在提供技術(shù)援助，幫助中小企業(yè)至少提高20%的生產(chǎn)率。

-歐盟在“單一市場戰(zhàn)略”和歐洲投資計劃下支持初創(chuàng)企業(yè)，消除阻礙公司成長以及跨境貿(mào)易和投資的障礙，促進融資渠道，促進創(chuàng)新并加強“單一市場戰(zhàn)略”的落實。

-法國正在采取措施簡化特小型、小型和中型企業(yè)的商業(yè)環(huán)境。

-印度尼西亞正在去官僚化并放松管制，通過簡化各種許可程序，將不相關(guān)的要求降至最低，消除不必要的檢查。

-意大利正在采取一攬子新措施，側(cè)重于滿足意大利生產(chǎn)體系尤其是中小企業(yè)的注資需求，旨在通過進入資本市場來刺激企業(yè)成長并增強競爭力與管理能力。

-墨西哥正在改善法治，提升潛在增長率，通過加強法律框架發(fā)揮改革的全部潛力。

-西班牙正在消除產(chǎn)品市場和服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的負擔(dān)和障礙，加強管理部門間的合作機制。

鼓勵創(chuàng)新

我們正在采取措施以確保并維持研發(fā)支出，加強研究機構(gòu)、高校與產(chǎn)業(yè)間的合作，改善國際研究合作和早期風(fēng)險資本投資的獲取。

成員鼓勵創(chuàng)新的承諾包括：

-澳大利亞支持國家創(chuàng)新和科學(xué)研究計劃，包括便利企業(yè)融資、與研究人員合作并吸引海外人才。

-日本將企業(yè)向大學(xué)與公共研究機構(gòu)的投資額增至三倍。

-韓國正在增強新興產(chǎn)業(yè)研發(fā)稅收抵免系統(tǒng)，以支持創(chuàng)新。

-俄羅斯正在建立技術(shù)開發(fā)機構(gòu)，通過提供信息、分析與咨詢援助、交易支持與資金籌措，幫助企業(yè)找到創(chuàng)新技術(shù)解決方案。

-土耳其正在建立針對創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動型企業(yè)的早期投資基金，以及眾籌和聯(lián)合融資的機制。

改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

我們正在采取措施提升公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資質(zhì)量，同時確保充足的資金用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及其維護，并促進私人部門參與，包括通過啟用政府和社會資本合作（PPP）模式。我們也在采取措施減少對于機構(gòu)投資者長期投融資的機制性與監(jiān)管障礙，推出新的金融工具，同時確保金融穩(wěn)定。

成員改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的承諾包括：

-阿根廷正在投資公路、鐵路、航運以及河道運輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（貝爾格拉諾計劃）以提升國內(nèi)互聯(lián)互通與地區(qū)間貿(mào)易。

-加拿大正在公共交通、水利、污水處理和綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及社會基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等方面進行定向投資。

-中國正在加速推動農(nóng)村地區(qū)電網(wǎng)升級改造。

-德國正在實施數(shù)字化工程，包括投資電子通訊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。此外，德國聯(lián)邦政府還在公共交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域開展額外投資。

-印度尼西亞正在增加2016年國家預(yù)算中對資本項目的早期采購，以減少后期資本大幅支出壓力并降低在當前財年中無法實施項目的風(fēng)險。

-南非正在發(fā)展替代融資機制，為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資籌措資金?！蔼毩⒛茉瓷a(chǎn)商（IPP）”計劃給可再生能源領(lǐng)域帶來了大量投資。

-土耳其通過啟用符合其國家交通總體規(guī)劃（2015-2018）的創(chuàng)新融資機制，加速推動PPP交通運輸工程。

-美國已制定了一項長期地面交通運輸法案，將在5年內(nèi)提供3050億美元資金。

改善并強化金融體系

我們正在采取措施確保金融穩(wěn)定、支持增長、增強競爭與創(chuàng)新，同時維持審慎目標。我們正在采取措施確保制度框架有利于市場化融資，確保投資者受到保護，改善并拓展傳統(tǒng)銀行業(yè)與創(chuàng)新型的融資渠道，同時維持金融穩(wěn)定。

成員改善并強化金融體系的承諾包括：

-阿根廷正在促進長期儲蓄與本幣信貸增長，增加抵押貸款。

-印度正在研發(fā)一套完整的公司債信息庫，包含一級與二級市場信息，并建立公司債回購市場電子化平臺。在建立綜合處置機制方面有重大進展。

-意大利通過加快取消公司與中小企業(yè)不良貸款的抵押品贖回權(quán)，加強信貸回收，進一步增強其銀行系統(tǒng)抗風(fēng)險能力。

-俄羅斯已采取了關(guān)于其金融市場中期發(fā)展的行動計劃。

推進勞動力市場改革及獲取教育與技能

我們正在采取措施減少婦女、青年與高齡工人等低勞動力參與度群體的就業(yè)障礙，以擴大并完善積極的勞動力市場政策的效果。我們也在采取措施擴大各類工作的社會保護，降低勞動力市場的二元性與不正規(guī)雇傭，并改善職業(yè)教育與培訓(xùn)以及高等教育與技能培訓(xùn)的渠道與效率。我們正在采取措施提升就業(yè)質(zhì)量，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。

成員推進勞動力市場改革及獲取教育和技能的承諾包括：

-阿根廷正在擴大家庭津貼計劃，以覆蓋父母被正規(guī)勞動力市場排除在外的兒童。

-法國正在實施全面的勞動力市場改革，包括增加企業(yè)靈活性與職工保護的措施，并為求職者提供額外的培訓(xùn)課程，尤其是針對那些缺乏技能或者所學(xué)技能已過時的求職者。

-韓國正在將今年公共部門實施的績效工資體系向私人部門拓展，以推動四大領(lǐng)域結(jié)構(gòu)性改革。

-沙特正在啟動一項關(guān)于職業(yè)健康與安全的國家項目。

-英國繼續(xù)努力實現(xiàn)政府關(guān)于“自2020年起將英國學(xué)徒的數(shù)量提高至300萬，同時顯著提升學(xué)徒質(zhì)量”的承諾，通過取消25歲以下且月薪低于827英鎊的學(xué)徒的國民保險的方式。

促進財政改革

我們正在采取措施改善公共管理與公共服務(wù)提供的效率，加強財政框架、規(guī)則和制度的作用，提高稅收征管的透明性與有效性，打擊逃稅與避稅。我們也在采取措施優(yōu)先考慮有利于增長的支出，保持高效的公共投資并提升支出效率。

成員促進財政改革的承諾包括：

-澳大利亞正在降低公司稅率，從中小企業(yè)入手，推廣小型企業(yè)稅收減免。

-中國正在促進稅收改革，將營業(yè)稅改為增值稅。

-歐盟正對企圖逃避支付公平份額稅款的公司采取更強的協(xié)調(diào)一致的立場，并在稅基侵蝕與利潤轉(zhuǎn)移方面實施國際標準。

-韓國正通過實施《財政整頓法案》增強中長期財政的穩(wěn)健性和可持續(xù)性。

-墨西哥正在實施一項為期數(shù)年的公共支出調(diào)整計劃，以確保財政可持續(xù)并在當前不利的環(huán)境中維持宏觀經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定。

-沙特正建立國家項目管理機構(gòu)，以確保公共投資項目效率。

-南非繼續(xù)實施財政支出上限，以維護財政紀律和債務(wù)可持續(xù)性，同時調(diào)整支出優(yōu)先順序，向投資傾斜，并削減全國政府部門不必要性的商品與服務(wù)預(yù)算。

-西班牙正在加大打擊逃稅與稅收欺詐方面的工作力度。

-英國正在降低公司稅率以支持投資。

增強環(huán)境可持續(xù)性

我們正在采取措施擴大市場化機制的運用，以減少污染，提高資源利用效率，促進發(fā)展清潔與可再生能源以及能抵御氣候變化的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。我們也將采取措施，以促進出臺和發(fā)展與環(huán)境相關(guān)的創(chuàng)新項目，并提升能源利用效率。

成員增強環(huán)境可持續(xù)性的承諾包括：

-加拿大正在為清潔技術(shù)提供戰(zhàn)略資金，包括在林業(yè)、漁業(yè)、采礦、能源和農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，以支持經(jīng)濟實現(xiàn)清潔增長。

-中國正在利用電價調(diào)整所帶來的收益，支持火力發(fā)電廠向超低排放模式轉(zhuǎn)型，并發(fā)展可再生能源。

-德國將會在2016年至2020年間以公共支持項目的形式提供170億歐元資金，以改善能效。

-印度正在建立一個國家級的氣候變化適應(yīng)基金，為國家層面和各州層面所出臺的適應(yīng)性措施提供資金，以幫助那些容易受到氣候變化影響的社區(qū)和領(lǐng)域。

促進包容性增長

我們正在通過減少就業(yè)障礙、提高教育和培訓(xùn)的效果等措施，提高機遇的平等性。我們還將出臺定向的、增長和就業(yè)友好型的社會轉(zhuǎn)移和收入再分配項目。我們將會采取措施，以在追求經(jīng)濟增速的同時確保實現(xiàn)包容性。

成員促進包容性增長的承諾包括：

-加拿大正在為中等收入人群減稅，通過出臺一個新的加拿大兒童福利計劃為家庭提供更多支持，并通過增加針對單身老年人的保障收入補貼改善退休收入體系。

-印度正在出臺一個健康保險機制，該機制將會為三分之一的人口提供住院費用保障。

-日本正在進行工作方式改革，包括改善非正規(guī)工人的工作環(huán)境以及改變工作時間較長的習(xí)慣，以促進工作和生活的平衡，并促進年長人士的就業(yè)。日本還將在2016年把最低工資提高3%。

-墨西哥通過設(shè)立特別經(jīng)濟區(qū)，在發(fā)展較為落后的地區(qū)提高生產(chǎn)率、促進就業(yè)以及創(chuàng)造財富。

在未來的問責(zé)評估中，G20深化結(jié)構(gòu)改革議程中的指標體系將會被用來評估我們結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的進展以及這些改革措施是否足以應(yīng)對結(jié)構(gòu)性挑戰(zhàn)。

2．提振和加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資。

不論是公共部門還是私營部門的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支出對于促進總需求、拉動額外的私營部門投資、推動供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革、實現(xiàn)更加強勁、平衡、可持續(xù)和包容性增長至關(guān)重要。我們鼓勵11家多邊開發(fā)銀行履行其在“支持基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資行動的聯(lián)合愿景聲明”中所做的承諾。我們支持開發(fā)銀行在各自職能范圍內(nèi)制定高質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目量化目標，最大限度地提高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目質(zhì)量、加強項目儲備、增進新老多邊開發(fā)銀行的合作并動員私人投資。我們強調(diào)，高質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資對于確保經(jīng)濟效率非常重要，其綜合了考慮生命周期成本、安全性、抗自然災(zāi)害的韌性、創(chuàng)造 就業(yè)機會、能力建設(shè)以及根據(jù)共同同意的條件轉(zhuǎn)移知識和專業(yè)技能，同時處理好項目的社會和環(huán)境影響，并與經(jīng)濟和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略相一致。我們承諾致力于推動加強全球基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)互聯(lián)互通，并在2016年7月發(fā)起了“全球基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通聯(lián)盟倡議”?；凇禛20/OECD基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和中小企業(yè)融資工具多元化政策指南文件》，我們將在自愿基礎(chǔ)上進一步推動融資工具多元化。

3．稅收政策促增長。

稅收政策對于實現(xiàn)強勁、可持續(xù)和平衡經(jīng)濟增長發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。我們強調(diào)有效的稅收政策工具對供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革、推動創(chuàng)新和包容性增長的重要作用。我們也強調(diào)有必要提高稅收確定性，以支持跨境貿(mào)易與投資。我們支持國際稅收合作，構(gòu)建公平、高效的國際稅收環(huán)境，以減少稅收體系之間的沖突并推動實現(xiàn)強勁、可持續(xù)和平衡經(jīng)濟增長。我們要求OECD與IMF就促進創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動的包容性增長、提高稅收確定性的稅收政策起草報告。同時，我們注意到中國將通過建立一個致力于國際稅收政策設(shè)計與研究的國際稅收政策研究中心貢獻自己的力量。

（三）使增長更具韌性、可持續(xù)和平衡。

除了那些在短期和中期促進更強勁增長的政策措施外，我們還采取行動以確保經(jīng)濟增長將提高金融部門的韌性以應(yīng)對沖擊，促使我們的人民群眾享受到更廣泛的、量身定制的金融服務(wù)，為環(huán)境友好型項目提供更多融資，以及減少持續(xù)的、過度的內(nèi)部和外部失衡。

1.建立一個穩(wěn)定、有韌性的國際金融架構(gòu)。

我們承諾將采取更多措施加強國際金融架構(gòu)，這是實現(xiàn)強勁、可持續(xù)和平衡增長以及金融穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵因素。我們期待IMF和OECD在資本流動方面開展的工作。我們將按公報中所詳細闡述的、就IMF資源問題采取必要的措施。我們歡迎即將舉行的清邁倡議多邊化與IMF的聯(lián)合演練，并呼吁那些與IMF的合作能力尚未被檢驗的區(qū)域金融安排考慮與IMF進行演練。我們期待IMF與演練參與國從這些演練中吸取經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，并在更廣泛的合作背景下分享與區(qū)域金融安排合作的經(jīng)驗，同時考慮到不同區(qū)域金融安排的不同特性和職責(zé)。我們期待世界銀行按照達成一致的原則和路線圖實施股份審議，包括在2016年年會前就動態(tài)公式達成共識。我們強調(diào)促進有效和可持續(xù)融資實踐的重要性。我們支持對針對低收入國家的債務(wù)可持續(xù)性框架進行審議，并呼吁各國采取更多的、協(xié)調(diào)一致的努力，為債務(wù)國和其面臨的挑戰(zhàn)提供有針對性的技術(shù)援助。我們支持研究將加強的合同條款納入存量主權(quán)債的成本和可行性，并支持研究和討論促進主權(quán)債重組程序的其他措施。我們呼吁進一步分析狀態(tài)依存型債務(wù)工具的技術(shù)方法、機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，包括GDP掛鉤債券。

2.促進普惠金融。

我們認識到普惠金融對于改變所有人，尤其是窮人的生活，具有重要意義。在《G20數(shù)字普惠金融高級原則》的基礎(chǔ)上，我們將會采取普惠金融全球合作伙伴（GPFI）所推薦的、適合各國具體國情的具體行動，以促進數(shù)字普惠金融發(fā)展，并幫助低收入國家打通“最后一公里”，為那些尚未享受到金融服務(wù)或享受的金融服務(wù)不足的人群提供服務(wù)。我們要求GPFI定期更新G20普惠金融指標體系，以反映普惠金融領(lǐng)域的最新趨勢和進展，并支持國際組織收集高質(zhì)量的國別數(shù)據(jù)。我們認識到改善金融教育和能力建設(shè)項目效果的重要性。我們期待《G20/OECD關(guān)于G20成員金融素養(yǎng)的報告》。我們支持在《G20中小企業(yè)融資行動計劃落實框架》下將進行的第一次國別自評。我們支持GPFI的進一步工作，以落實《G20普惠金融行動計劃》，并要求GPFI在2017年對此進行審議。

3.促進綠色金融。

實現(xiàn)環(huán)境可持續(xù)的增長需要大量綠色投資。我們歡迎G20綠色金融研究小組制定的關(guān)于如何增強金融體系的能力以動員私人部門資金進行綠色投資的自愿可選措施。尤其是，我們相信可以通過努力提供清晰的戰(zhàn)略性政策信號與框架，推動綠色金融的自愿原則，擴大能力建設(shè)的學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，支持本地綠色債券市場的發(fā)展，開展國際合作以推動跨境綠色債券投資，鼓勵并推動在環(huán)境與金融風(fēng)險領(lǐng)域的知識共享，改善對綠色金融活動及其影響的評估方法。

4.更有效、透明地提供和動員氣候資金。

認識到氣候資金對于促進可持續(xù)和氣候韌性發(fā)展的重要性，我們重申應(yīng)及時實施氣候變化《巴黎協(xié)定》，落實發(fā)達國家和國際組織就氣候資金所作的承諾和其他國家就氣候資金所作的聲明。

5.應(yīng)對全球失衡。

我們注意到自2009年以來在減少全球過度失衡方面取得的進展。然而，我們擔(dān)心該調(diào)整進程可能正在失去動力，尤其是2015年全球外部失衡略有增加。如果2009年以來在這方面所取得的進展消失殆盡，我們承擔(dān)不起。我們將共同努力，使用所有政策工具，以一種增長友好的方式減少過度失衡。確保全球調(diào)整進程的合理和對稱性運行至關(guān)重要。我們將會研究應(yīng)進一步采取何種措施，從而以一種對稱的方式重振調(diào)整進程。我們將繼續(xù)定期對各成員進行評估，以識別大規(guī)模、持續(xù)的外部和內(nèi)部失衡，并分析其根本原因。IMF的定期分析對該評估也十分有益。我們將繼續(xù)研究全球失衡問題，包括從經(jīng)常賬戶以外的其他角度。

四、構(gòu)建更加繁榮的未來。

我們的行動計劃列出了我們促進增長的共同戰(zhàn)略要素。正如這份行動計劃所示，我們重申我們的決心，將各自以及共同使用所有政策工具，包括貨幣政策、財政政策和結(jié)構(gòu)性改革政策，以實現(xiàn)我們的強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容性增長的目標。

全球增長創(chuàng)造了巨大的收益。G20的增長也將為發(fā)展中國家和低收入國家?guī)碚娴囊绯鲂?yīng)。我們也認識到需要減少國內(nèi)政策措施對于其他國家的負面溢出效應(yīng)。我們需要加倍努力，保證未來全球增長的收益被更多的人群所分享，以提高國家內(nèi)和國家間的包容性。我們需要證明我們推動經(jīng)濟增長的政策實際上將使得更多人群受益，增長應(yīng)該更具包容性，這樣政策措施才能獲得更加廣泛的支持。特別是，我們應(yīng)努力確保自由貿(mào)易、全球化、更廣泛的全球聯(lián)通性為包容性的、被更加廣泛分享的經(jīng)濟增長做出貢獻，并有效地宣傳其好處。

我們也應(yīng)清楚，全球經(jīng)濟會繼續(xù)受到不可預(yù)見事件的影響，有可能產(chǎn)生令人失望的負面經(jīng)濟和社會效應(yīng)。我們有責(zé)任保護已經(jīng)取得的成果，預(yù)防對于增長前景的損害。因此，我們應(yīng)更加努力，通過增加經(jīng)濟增長目標和政策工具的韌性，來管理不確定性。

我們的信譽取決于我們?nèi)绾温鋵嵆兄Z。我們將繼續(xù)共同為我們做出的承諾負責(zé)，展示落實進展。我們將提高落實的有效性和專注度。我們將繼續(xù)歡迎國際組織提供的強有力的分析支持，協(xié)助我們實現(xiàn)更加強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容性的增長。

第二篇：全球貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定亟需落實G20杭州峰會成果

全球貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定亟需落實G20杭州峰會成果

無論是從經(jīng)濟、政治還是社會層面來看，G20相比于其他國際組織

在全球治理方面存在巨大優(yōu)勢

自金融危機以來，全球經(jīng)濟前景一直處于復(fù)雜化與不確定性凸顯、機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存的境況之中，世界范圍內(nèi)貿(mào)易保護主義重新抬頭成為當前世界經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的重大阻礙?？陀^來講，無論是從經(jīng)濟、政治還是社會層面來看，G20相比于其他國際組織在全球治理方面存在巨大優(yōu)勢。杭州峰會以來，各國通過G20平臺謀求經(jīng)濟交流、政治互信與社會治理成為國際貿(mào)易發(fā)展主流，中國需要抓住塑造全球經(jīng)濟治理議程、提升本國在全球經(jīng)濟治理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的重要機遇，倡導(dǎo)合作、謀求共識、減少分歧，推動全球貿(mào)易合作走向新臺階。

全球貿(mào)易發(fā)展面臨新的嚴峻形勢

自2008年金融危機以來，國際貿(mào)易增速持續(xù)下滑，至2016年國際貿(mào)易愈發(fā)低迷。從國際貿(mào)易絕對增速來看，根據(jù)WTO統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，2009-2015年國際貿(mào)易增速已經(jīng)降低至5%，而對2016年國際貨物貿(mào)易增速預(yù)測從早期的2.8%變?yōu)?.7%。從國際貿(mào)易與世界經(jīng)濟相對增速來看，金融危機前國際貿(mào)易增速一直為世界經(jīng)濟增速的兩倍，金融危機后這一比例一直在下降，至2016年國際貿(mào)易增速僅為同期世界經(jīng)濟增速的1/2。

國際貿(mào)易低迷與全球經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇乏力是當前貿(mào)易保護主義抬頭的根源。歷史上歷次經(jīng)濟蕭條與經(jīng)濟危機的出現(xiàn)，都會導(dǎo)致貿(mào)易保護主義在各國盛行，“本國利益至上原則”與“以鄰為壑”的潘多拉盒子一旦被打開，各國貿(mào)易合作基礎(chǔ)便不再存在而貿(mào)易保護博弈的“囚徒困境”結(jié)局就被注定。貿(mào)易保護不但不能改善各國經(jīng)濟蕭條，反而會讓世界經(jīng)濟陷入更嚴重的經(jīng)濟危機之中。曾經(jīng)的美國斯姆特-霍利關(guān)稅法案就是鮮明例證。2016年以來，G20杭州峰會與漢堡峰會對全球貿(mào)易持續(xù)關(guān)注反映了當前貿(mào)易治理形勢的嚴峻，反對貿(mào)易保護主義成為是參會各國共識。

然而，金融危機以來各國面對的貿(mào)易保護主義也發(fā)生了很大變化。從貿(mào)易保護措施與形式角度來看，各國貿(mào)易保護措施開始趨向隱蔽化與多樣化。關(guān)稅一直都是實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易保護主要工具，但WTO等國際組織框架下引導(dǎo)的多邊或雙邊談判對各國關(guān)稅變化形成制約，削減關(guān)稅成為不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的進程。而非關(guān)稅措施成為各國尤其是G20國家貿(mào)易保護主要工具，相比于關(guān)稅措施，非關(guān)稅壁壘更加隱蔽、針對性更強。從貿(mào)易保護的政治層面來看，民粹主義（或者說是特朗普主義）興起成為當前G20應(yīng)對貿(mào)易保護主義的巨大障礙，單個國家內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟變革與社會階層矛盾的問題外部化為國際貿(mào)易合作發(fā)展帶來了阻礙與不確定性。

全球貿(mào)易亟需新的合作機制

維護國際貿(mào)易自由化，抵制國際貿(mào)易保護主義一直是G20對國際社會的承諾。但往屆G20峰會共同聲明筆墨未干，美國等國家便紛紛開啟對本國市場的貿(mào)易保護之門，引起其他國家效仿，引發(fā)多骨諾牌效應(yīng)。在應(yīng)對貿(mào)易保護主義問題上，如何發(fā)揮G20應(yīng)有的作用，如何將G20共識落到實處進而形成全球貿(mào)易新合作機制是杭州峰會與漢堡峰會一直努力解決的問題。

首先，新合作機制繞不開G20合作框架。G20國家在經(jīng)濟總量上占據(jù)世界的85%，在貿(mào)易總量上占據(jù)世界的80%，G20在G8基礎(chǔ)上吸納了世界上主要的發(fā)展中國家、新型工業(yè)化國家，其共識與聲明比區(qū)域協(xié)定、多邊或雙邊協(xié)定更能代表世界各國利益訴求；相比于WTO等全球性國際組織，G20峰會談判成本更低也更有效率。如圖

1、圖2所示，G20國家既是各國貿(mào)易政策工具的主要實施對象，同時也是實施國際貿(mào)易政策工具的主體。要抵制貿(mào)易保護主義，推進國際貿(mào)易自由化進程就必須依靠G20國家凝聚共識、消除分歧、互相合作。

其次，從杭州峰會到漢堡峰會，中國在G20峰會中凝聚共識以形成新合作機制，這種新機制的最大特點就是讓G20共識與G20共同聲明逐步落到實處，而不再是鏡中花水中月。

讓共識成為所有G20成員國真正的共識是第一步。杭州峰會以“構(gòu)建創(chuàng)新、活力、聯(lián)動、包容的世界經(jīng)濟”為主題，漢堡峰會以“塑造聯(lián)動世界”為主題，都鮮明反映了與會各國對貿(mào)易自由化的認同，推動世界經(jīng)濟增長形成放眼長遠、綜合施策、擴大開放、包容發(fā)展的共識符合與會各國共同利益。但分歧是注定存在的，尤其是以特朗普為代表的民粹主義勢力堅持貿(mào)易保護主義與孤立主義，對G20漢堡峰會順利進行造成了不小的阻礙。實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易自由化、建設(shè)開放型世界經(jīng)濟大方向仍然是??今世界潮流，中國要做的是在不確定性與分歧并存之中謀求最大共識，讓爭議雙方不再是國家陣營，也不是19國對1國，而是世界各國對孤立主義。

杭州峰會以來各項具體行動計劃與方案開始出現(xiàn)，漢堡峰會實現(xiàn)了政策連續(xù)與會議成果無縫對接，確保了G20各國共識與共同聲明能夠逐步落實。從杭州峰會開始，共識轉(zhuǎn)化為行動、成果落到實處的問題受到了特別重視。為此，杭州峰會制訂了一系列務(wù)實的行動計劃，例如發(fā)展領(lǐng)域的《二十國集團落實2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程行動計劃》，貿(mào)易投資領(lǐng)域的《二十國集團全球貿(mào)易增長戰(zhàn)略》與《二十國集團全球投資指導(dǎo)原則》，以及金融、能源等領(lǐng)域的多個行動計劃，真正做到了習(xí)近平主席所講的“二十國集團不是清談館，而是真正的行動隊”。除此之外，二十國集團的行動力與引導(dǎo)力還需要G20峰會議程的連續(xù)性，以此確保與會各國持之以恒地落實成果。漢堡峰會的重要意義恰在于其對杭州峰會“承前啟后”的歷史性作用，而并非尋求個別領(lǐng)域突破。杭州峰會后，世界經(jīng)貿(mào)仍然存在復(fù)蘇動力不足、貿(mào)易保護主義抬頭、地緣政治風(fēng)險上升和政策不確定性增加等問題，尤其是美國在退出《巴黎協(xié)定》后一直試圖采取以鄰為壑的貿(mào)易保護主義，對G20杭州峰會取得的成果構(gòu)成威脅。但漢堡峰會起到了很好的承前作用，與會各國通過努力達成支持貿(mào)易自由化的共識，防止了孤立主義、保護主義思潮蔓延，實現(xiàn)了與杭州峰會的“無縫對接”。在這一背景下，漢堡峰會同樣要發(fā)揮啟后作用：與時俱進達成新共識、取得新成果，實現(xiàn)二十國集團從危機應(yīng)對向長效治理機制的轉(zhuǎn)換，引領(lǐng)世界經(jīng)貿(mào)前進方向尤為重要，這也符合與會各方利益。

最后，新合作機制仍然需要關(guān)注貿(mào)易保護主義新內(nèi)容，科學(xué)認知G20自身缺陷。

應(yīng)對貿(mào)易保護主義，G20需要根據(jù)實際問題的新變化，依據(jù)共識落實貿(mào)易自由化的相關(guān)義務(wù)。與傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易自由化方式不同，G20國家貿(mào)易保護措施主要來自于非關(guān)稅壁壘，而并非關(guān)稅壁壘。WTO出版的《2016年G20貿(mào)易措施報告》表明：一方面，G20國家非關(guān)稅措施數(shù)量多，從2008年開始，G20國家一共發(fā)起了1671項貿(mào)易限制措施，一直到2016年末，僅有408項貿(mào)易限制措施被取消。另一方面，G20國家貿(mào)易限制措施總量始終處于增長狀態(tài)，尤其2016年杭州峰會取得巨大成果后，G20國家貿(mào)易限制措施數(shù)量仍以5%的速度增長。與此相反的是G20貿(mào)易便利化措施數(shù)量并沒有顯著提高，2016年之后甚至呈現(xiàn)小幅下降趨勢。所以，G20面臨貿(mào)易保護主義形勢依然十分嚴峻。在新形勢下，世界貿(mào)易的發(fā)展需各國同舟共濟、守望相助，用開放、創(chuàng)新、包容、聯(lián)動的發(fā)展理念和行動，引領(lǐng)世界經(jīng)貿(mào)前行。

G20作為國際經(jīng)濟合作論壇，宗旨是為推動已工業(yè)化的發(fā)達國家和新興市場國家之間就實質(zhì)性問題進行開放及有建設(shè)性的討論和研究，以尋求合作并促進國際金融穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)增長，但G20峰會達成貿(mào)易自由化的共識與共同聲明仍然缺乏執(zhí)行力與約束力。因此，G20峰會的定位和作用需要合理看待：G20峰會不能獨立于其他多邊或雙邊協(xié)定，相反，G20達成的共識需要依靠多邊、雙邊談判去落實，需要通過WTO、IMF等國際組織會議形成約束力的國際協(xié)定。對于中國而言，G20提供了中國與世界大國共同探討全球貿(mào)易治理的平臺。但中國不能僅僅依賴于此，相反，中國需要利用G20峰會推進“一帶一路”倡議實施，謀求在WTO、IMF等國際組織以及雙邊、多邊談判中取得并落實貿(mào)易自由化共識。

第三篇：G20杭州峰會開幕詞,

Keynote Speech by H.E.Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, at the Opening Ceremony of the B20 Summit(People's Daily)02:04, September 04, 2016 AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to EmailShare to PrintShare to FacebookShare to TwitterShare to Sina WeiboShare to LinkedIn2Share to Google+Share to RedditShare to Pinterest A New Starting Point for China’s Development A New Blueprint for Global Growth Hangzhou, 3 September 2016

Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, Good afternoon!I am so glad to have all of you with us here in Hangzhou.The G20 Summit will begin tomorrow, an event much anticipated by the international community as well as the business community, think tanks, and the labor, women and youth organizations.And all of us share one and the same goal, that is, to make the Hangzhou Summit deliver fruitful outcomes.Hangzhou is a renowned historical and cultural city and a center of business and trade in China.Famous for Bai Juyi, a leading Chinese poet in the Tang Dynasty and Su Dongpo, a popular poet in the Song Dynasty who spent time in Hangzhou, as well as the West Lake and the Grand Canal, Hangzhou has a fascinating history and rich and enchanting cultural heritage.Hangzhou is also an innovative and vibrant city with booming e-commerce.Just click the mouse in Hangzhou, and you connect the whole world.Hangzhou is also a leader in ecological conservation.Its green hills and clear lakes and rivers delight the eye on sunny days and present a special view on rainy days.Hangzhou is imbued with a charm unique to the south of the Yangtze River that has been fostered over many generations.I spent six years working in Zhejiang Province and was personally involved in its development endeavor.So I am familiar with everything here, its land and its people.In China, there are many cities like Hangzhou which have gone through great changes and achieved tremendous development over the decades.Millions of ordinary Chinese families have changed their lives through hard work.When added up, these small changes have become a powerful force driving China’s development and progress.What we see here in Hangzhou showcases what has been achieved in the great course of reform and opening-up China has embarked upon.― This is a course of blazing a new trail.Modernizing a big country with a population of more than 1.3 billion is an endeavor never undertaken in the history of mankind, and this means China must pursue its own path of development.What we have done is, as a Chinese saying puts it, “crossing the river by feeling for stones”.We have deepened reform and opening-up, broken new ground and forged ahead, and established and developed socialism with distinctive Chinese features.― This is a course of delivering tangible outcomes.We have pursued economic development as the top priority and never slackened our efforts.We have moved with the times and taken bold initiatives.Thanks to our perseverance, resolve and dedication, and the spirit of driving the nail, we have succeeded in turning China into the world’s second biggest economy, the biggest trader of goods and the third largest direct overseas investor, and lifted China’s per capita GDP to close to 8,000 US dollars.― This is a course of achieving common prosperity.Development is for the people;it should be pursued by the people and its outcomes should be shared by the people.This is what China’s reform, opening-up and socialist modernization drive are all about.Thanks to this reform and opening-up endeavor, China has lifted over 700 million people out of poverty and significantly made life better for its 1.3 billion-plus people.In pursuing development, we have accomplished just in a few decades what has taken other countries several hundred years to achieve.― This is a course of China and the world embracing each other.We have pursued an independent foreign policy of peace and a fundamental policy of opening-up.We have endeavored to develop in an open environment, starting by introducing large scale overseas investment and then going global with big strides.We have been actively involved in building a fairer and more equitable international order.China’s interaction with the outside world has deepened.And indeed, we have friends all over the world.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, Thirty-eight years of reform and opening-up have unfolded rapidly.Today, as China’s economy grows in size and its cooperation with the world deepens, the prospect of China’s economy has drawn keen international attention.Many people wonder whether China can maintain sustainable and steady growth, whether China can continue its reform and opening-up, and whether China can avoid falling into the “middle income trap”.Actions speak louder than words.China has answered these questions with actions.Early this year, China drew up the outlines of the 13th five-year plan for economic and social development.These outlines call for implementing the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, addressing acute challenges of uneven, uncoordinated and unsustainable development, and ultimately achieving a moderately prosperous society in all respects.China has reached a new historical starting point.It is a new starting point for China to deepen reform across the board and foster new drivers of economic and social development.It is a new starting point for China to adapt its economy to a new normal and transform its growth model.It is a new starting point for China to further integrate itself into the world and open itself wider to the world.We have the confidence and ability to maintain medium-high rate of growth and deliver more development opportunities to the world while ensuring our own development.― Proceeding from this new starting point, we will steadfastly deepen reform in an all-round way and open up brighter prospects of development.China’s economic development has entered a new normal, a stage it cannot bypass if China is to upgrade its economy and make it better structured.Reform is crucial to maintaining medium-high rate of growth under the new normal.Sticking to convention will get us nowhere.Fear to advance will only result in losing the opportunity.China’s goal of reform has been set and we will not deviate from it.China will take sure and firm steps in advancing reform and will not slow down its pace.China’s reform has entered the deep water zone where tough challenges must be met.We have the resolve to make painful self-adjustments and tackle problems that have built up over many years, particularly underlying issues and entrenched interests and carry reform through to the end.We will continue to carry out supply-side structural reform, resolve major problems in economic development and improve the performance of the supply system by optimizing factors allocation and adjusting industrial structure.With these efforts, we can energize the market and achieve coordinated development.We will continue to explore new institutional mechanism, break through the resistance of vested interests, exercise law-based governance and better leverage both the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and the role of the government.― Proceeding from the new starting point, we will pursue an innovation-driven development strategy to create stronger growth drivers.Scientific and technological innovation holds the key to development.We are keenly aware that many sectors of China’s economy are not strong or competitive enough despite their big sizes.Over the years, they have depended on input of resources, capital and labor force to achieve growth and expand scale.But this model is no longer sustainable.China now faces the challenging task of changing its growth drivers and growth model and adjusting its economic structure.To make China an innovative country and a leader in science and technology is what China must do now in pursuing development.We are implementing the innovation-driven development strategy so as to leverage the role of innovation as the primary growth driver and make growth quality based rather than quantity based.We will promote all-dimensional, multi-tiered and wide-ranging changes in principles guiding development, institutional structures and business models so as to bring about a fundamental transformation of the forces driving development and create new impetus for it.We will strive to make breakthroughs in major projects and priority areas and take the lead in undertaking major international scientific programs and projects.We will conduct research on and resolve pressing scientific and technological issues holding back economic and industrial development.We will speed up the commercialization of R&D achievements to meet the need of shifting the growth model, adjusting economic structure, building a modern industrial system, fostering strategic emerging industries and developing a modern service industry.In short, we aim to move our industries and products up to the medium-high end of the value chain and create more innovation-driven growth areas with first-mover advantages that will lead development.― Proceeding from the new starting point, we will promote green development to achieve better economic performance.I have said for many times that green mountains and clear water are as good as mountains of gold and silver.To protect the environment is to protect productivity, and to improve the environment is to boost productivity.This simple fact is increasingly recognized by people.We will unwaveringly pursue a strategy of sustainable development and stay committed to green, low-carbon and circular development and China’s fundamental policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment.In promoting green development, we also aim to address climate change and overcapacity.In the next five years, China’s water and energy consumption as well as CO2 emission per unit of GDP will be cut down by 23%, 15% and 18% respectively.We will make China a beautiful country with blue sky, green vegetation and clear rivers, so that the people will enjoy life in a livable environment and the ecological benefits created by economic development.Starting from 2016, we have been vigorously advancing supply-side structural reform and taking the initiative to adjust the relationship between supply and demand.We will cut down production capacity of crude steel by another 100 million to 150 million tons in the next five years, close more coal mines with production capacity of around 500 million tons and cut production capacity of around 500 million tons through coal mine restructuring in three to five years.This is an initiative that we are taking to cut excess capacity, adjust the economic structure and pursue steady growth so as to sustain long-term development.China has taken the most robust and solid measures in cutting excess capacity and we will honor our commitment with actions.― Proceeding from the new starting point, we will promote equity and sharing of development outcomes to deliver more benefits to the people.The people are the foundation of a country and only when the people lead a good life can the country thrive.We need to be people-oriented, a principle that we should follow in everything we do in advancing economic and social development.We will meet the people’s aspirations for a better life, raise their living standards and the quality of their lives, improve the public services system and enlarge the middle-income group.In particular, we will provide stronger and more targeted support to those living in difficulty, so that the over 57 million poor rural population below the current poverty line will all be lifted out of poverty and poverty will be alleviated in all poor counties by 2020.Since the beginning of reform and opening-up, China has lifted more than 700 million people out of poverty which accounted for over 70% of the global population living in poverty, thus making significant contribution to poverty reduction worldwide.And we will continue to contribute to the global fight against poverty.With more attention paid to equity and fairness, we will make the pie bigger and ensure that people get a fair share of it.We will resolve the most pressing problems affecting the immediate interests of the people to their satisfaction.― Proceeding from the new starting point, we will open up wider to achieve greater mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.To pursue a win-win strategy of opening-up and open up China in a more comprehensive, profound and diversified way is a strategic choice of ours.China’s opening-up will not stall, still less will it reverse course.We will continue to be fully involved in economic globalization and support the multilateral trading regime.We will expand access for foreign investment, facilitate such investment to promote fair and open competition and create a sound business environment.We will also accelerate negotiation on FTAs and investment treaties with relevant countries and the development of high-standard pilot free trade zones in China.While carrying out market-based reform of the RMB exchange rate in an orderly manner and phasing in the opening of domestic capital market, we will continue efforts to make the RMB an international currency and further internationalize China’s financial sector.China’s development has benefited from the international community, and we are ready to provide more public goods to the international community.I have proposed the initiative of building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road to share China’s development opportunities with countries along the Belt and Road and achieve common prosperity.Major progress has been made in launching key projects and building the economic corridors of the Silk Road Economic Belt, and the building of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is well underway.The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank initiated by China has already started its positive role in regional infrastructure development.Here, I wish to stress that the new mechanisms and initiatives launched by China are not intended to reinvent the wheels or target any other country.Rather, they aim to complement and improve the current international mechanisms to achieve win-win cooperation and common development.China’s opening drive is not a one-man show.Rather, it is an invitation open to all.It is a pursuit not to establish China’s own sphere of influence, but to support common development of all countries.It is meant to build not China’s own backyard garden, but a garden shared by all countries.We are firm in our resolve to implement the above-mentioned reform and development measures;and they have indeed worked.In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by 6.7%, its industrial upgrading and structural adjustment picked up pace, the final consumption expenditure contributed 73.4% to GDP, and the added value of the tertiary industry took up 54.1% of GDP.Household income grew steadily, and 7.17 million urban jobs were created.We have reasons to believe that China will embrace even better prospects and make still greater contribution to the world.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, The world economy is now in profound adjustments and moving along a twisted path to recovery.It stands at a crucial juncture where new growth drivers are taking the place of old ones.The dynamism provided by the last round of scientific and industrial revolution is waning while new impetus for growth is still in the making.Currently, protectionism is rising;global trade and investment are sluggish;the multilateral trading regime faces bottlenecks in development, and the emergence of various regional trade arrangements have led to fragmentation of rules.Complex geopolitical factors and regional hot-spot issues as well as global challenges such as political and security conflicts and turmoil, refugee crisis, climate change and terrorism have all affected the world economy with consequences that cannot be overlooked.Against such complex situation as well as risks and challenges facing the world economy, the international community has high expectations on the G20 and the Hangzhou Summit.At the G20 Antalya Summit last year, I proposed that we make an accurate assessment of the health of the world economy and give right prescriptions.China will work with other parties to ensure that the Hangzhou Summit comes up with an integrated prescription to address both the symptoms and root causes so that the world economy could move along a path of strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth.First, we need to build an innovative world economy to generate new drivers of growth.Innovation holds the key to fundamentally unleashing the growth potential.The new round of scientific and industrial revolution with Internet at its core is gathering momentum, and new technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality are developing by leaps and bounds.The combination of the virtual economy and the real economy will bring revolutionary changes to our way of work and way of life.Such changes will not take place overnight or be problem-free.They require all countries to work together to maximize and quicken their positive effects while minimizing the potential negative impacts.China has made “breaking a new path for growth” one of the major agenda items of the Hangzhou Summit and has worked for the formulation of a G20 Blueprint on Innovative Growth.What we want to achieve is to seek impetus through innovation and vitality through reform.We need to seize the historic opportunity presented by innovation, new scientific and technological revolution, industrial transformation and digital economy to increase medium-and long-term growth potential of the world economy.This will be the first time that the G20 takes action on innovation.It is important for us to pool together the strength of innovation-oriented policies of individual countries and make sure that our action is guided with conceptual consensus, and implemented according to concrete action plans with sufficient institutional guarantee.In light of the pronounced issue of lackluster global economic growth, we need to innovate our macroeconomic policies and effectively combine fiscal and monetary policies with structural reform policies.Second, we need to build an open world economy to expand the scope of development.The path of world economic development shows that openness brings progress and isolation leads to backwardness.To repeat the beggar-thy-neighbor approach will not help any country get out of the crisis or recession.It only narrows the space for common development in the world economy and will lead to a “l(fā)ose-lose” scenario.According to the teaching of Chinese classics, “The governance of a country should be based on simple customs procedures, improved infrastructure, convenience for business transactions and preferential agricultural policies.” What it implies is the importance of building an open world economy.China has put trade and investment high on the G20 agenda.We support the G20’s efforts as it endeavors to strengthen institution-building in trade and investment, formulate the strategy for global trade growth as well as the guiding principles for global investment policy-making, consolidate the multilateral trading regime and reaffirm its commitment against protectionism.We hope that these measures will open up greater market and scope for the development of individual countries and help revitalize trade and investment, the two major engines of growth.Third, we need to build an interconnected world economy to forge interactive synergy.In the age of economic globalization, countries are closely linked in their development and they all rise and fall together.No country could seek development on its own;and the one sure path is through coordination and cooperation.We need to realize interconnected development by promoting common development of the world economy.We need to increase the interconnection of our rules and policies.We need to maximize the positive spillovers and minimize the negative external impacts through coordination of our macroeconomic policies.At the same time, we also need to encourage mutual learning to address asymmetries in systems, policies and standards.We need to enhance the interconnection of our infrastructure.China has put forward the global infrastructure connectivity alliance initiative to encourage multilateral development banks to adopt joint declaration of aspirations and give greater funds and intellectual support to infrastructure projects to speed up the process of global infrastructure connectivity.We need to promote win-win interconnection, foster and improve the global value chain and increase the participation of parties concerned so as to create a chain of win-win global growth.Fourth, we need to build an inclusive world economy to strengthen the foundation for win-win outcomes.We need to eradicate poverty and hunger and advance inclusive and sustainable development.This is not just a moral responsibility of the international community.It also helps unleash immeasurable effective demand.According to relevant statistics, the world’s Gini coefficient has reached around 0.7, higher than the recognized alarm level which stands at 0.6.This is something we must pay great attention to.At the same time, global industrial restructuring has had its impact on different industries and communities.We need to face this issue squarely and properly handle it in order to make economic globalization more inclusive.To realize the above goal, this year’s G20 has, for the first time, put the issue of development front and center of the global macro policy framework.The first action plan has been formulated for implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and for the first time, cooperation is being carried out to support African countries and LDCs in their industrialization.All these are moves of pioneering significance.The parties have all committed themselves to working for an early entry into force of the Paris Agreement on climate change.We have also formulated joint action plans on energy accessibility, energy efficiency, renewable energy and entrepreneurship, and have strengthened cooperation on food security and agriculture.We care for the needs of different social strata and communities, especially the needy, and encourage discussions among countries concerned on public administration and adjustment of redistribution policies.We hope to convey a message to the international community that the G20 works for the interest of not just its 20 members, but the whole world.We will work to ensure that growth and development benefit all countries and peoples and that the livelihood of all people, especially those in developing countries, will get better day by day.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, One action counts more than a dozen programs.I believe G20 members should join other members of international community and act immediately and in good faith in the following aspects: First, we can work together to build a peaceful and stable international environment.History has proven time and again that without peace, there will be no development and without stability, there will be no prosperity.Countries are all closely linked in their security.No country can develop solely on its own or resolve all problems without working with others.It is important to reject the outdated Cold War mentality and build a new concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security.We call on all countries to cherish the hard-won peace and tranquility and play a constructive role in maintaining global and regional stability.All countries should uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, adhere to multilateralism, settle disagreements and disputes through dialogue and consultation, seek consensus and dissolve tensions rather than doing the opposite and make the international order more just and equitable.To seek harmony and coexistence is in the genes of the Chinese nation throughout history.It represents the very essence of Eastern civilization.China is committed to the path of peaceful development.The logic that a strong country is bound to seek hegemony no longer applies and the willful use of force will lead to nowhere.China is the biggest contributor of peacekeepers among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.The proud sons of the Chinese people are among the UN peacekeepers that gave their lives to the mission of peace in Mali and South Sudan not long ago.China will continue to fulfill its international obligations and serve as the builder and defender of world peace.Second, we can work together to build a global partnership for win-win cooperation.In the era of economic globalization, there is no island completely cut off from the rest of the world.As members of the global village, we need to cultivate the awareness of a community of shared future for mankind.Partnership is the most valuable asset of the G20 and the choice of all countries as they rise up together to global challenges.We need to seek common ground while shelving and narrowing differences in an effort to build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation.All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, must treat each other as equals.We need to help each other achieve sound development as we work to ensure our own development.The world will be a better place only when everyone is better off.We need to step up communication and coordination on major global issues and provide more public goods for the fostering of a peaceful, stable and prosperous world.We need to institute and steadily improve macroeconomic policy coordination mechanisms, be mindful of the related and chain effects of our domestic policies and ensure their positive rather than negative spillovers.We need to rely on partnerships, uphold the vision of win-win results, step up practical cooperation across the board, continue to enrich and expand cooperation and ensure that such cooperation delivers outcomes to meet people’s expectations.We need to enable people of different countries, cultures and historical backgrounds to deepen exchanges, enhance mutual understanding and jointly build a community of shared future for mankind.Third, we can work together to improve global economic governance.As a Chinese saying goes, people with petty shrewdness attend to trivial matters while those with greater wisdom attend to governance of institutions.As the world economic situation changes, it is necessary that global economic governance remains relevant and adaptive to the changing times.Global economic governance should be based on equality, better reflect the new realities of the world economic landscape, increase the representation and voice of emerging markets and developing countries and ensure that all countries have equal rights, equal opportunities and equal rules to follow in international economic cooperation.Global economic governance should embrace openness.It should be based on open concepts, open policies and open mechanisms so as to adapt to the changing situation.It should be open to constructive suggestions and the recommendations and aspirations of different quarters of society.It should encourage active participation and integration of various parties, reject exclusive arrangements and avoid closed governance mechanisms and fragmentation of rules.Global economic governance should be driven by cooperation, as global challenges require global responses, and cooperation is the necessary choice.Countries need to step up communication and coordination, accommodate each other’s interests and concerns, and work together to discuss the rules, build mechanisms and meet challenges.Global economic governance should be a mechanism of sharing.It should be about participation by all and benefits for all.Instead of seeking dominance or winner-takes-all results, it should encourage the sharing of interests and win-win prospects.At this stage, global economic governance should focus on the following: jointly ensure equitable and efficient global financial governance and uphold the overall stability of the world economy;jointly foster open and transparent global trade and investment governance to cement the multilateral trading regime and unleash the potential of global cooperation in economy, trade and investment;jointly establish green and low-carbon global energy governance to promote global green development cooperation;and jointly facilitate an inclusive and interconnected global development governance to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and jointly advance the well-being of mankind.Since the G20 has convened ten summits, it has come to a crucial juncture of development.One of the goals of China’s G20 Presidency is to enable the G20 to transform from a crisis response mechanism focusing on short-term policies to one of long-term governance that shapes medium-to long-term policies, and solidify its role as the premier forum for international economic governance.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, The business community is the main driver of growth.By convening the B20 Summit on the eve of the G20 Summit, China wishes to fully pool the ideas and wisdom of the business community.I am pleased to see that the business people from G20 countries have taken an active part in the G20 process throughout the year.Together with people of other communities, you have presented your views and suggestions on financing growth, trade and investment, infrastructure, SME development, employment, anti-corruption and other subjects of G20 priorities.You have provided important recommendations for G20 policy making and contributed positively to the Hangzhou Summit.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, The tidal bore is sweeping up the Qiantang River these few days.As an ancient Chinese poem reads, “The tide riders surf the currents;the flags they hold up never get wet”.I, like all of you, look forward to a G20 that will ride the tides in the world economy.I believe that, with various parties working together, the Hangzhou Summit will certainly achieve success.In conclusion, I wish the B20 Summit a full success.Thank you.

第四篇：G20杭州峰會閉幕詞-英文版

Remarks by H.E.Xi JinpingPresident of the People’s Republic of China At the Closing Ceremony of the G20 Hangzhou Summit(People's Daily)21:38, September 05, 2016 Hangzhou, 5 September 2016

Dear Colleagues，Over the past one and a half days, we have had intensive and productive discussions on the key agenda items under the theme of the Summit.We had an in-depth exchange of views on strengthening policy coordination, breaking a new path for growth, more effective and efficient global economic and financial governance, robust international trade and investment, inclusive and interconnected development and other issues affecting the world economy, and reached important consensus in many areas.First, we are determined to point the way and set the course for the world economy.We share the view that the world economic recovery remains weak, weighed down by insufficient drivers of growth and negative impact of regional and international hot-spots and global challenges.It is crucial to maintain peace and stability and foster an enabling environment for world economic development.We will further strengthen macro-policy dialogue and coordination, work in the spirit of partnership to promote mutual help and win-win cooperation, and concentrate our minds and energy to pursue strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth.We have adopted the G20 Leaders’ Communiqué of the Hangzhou Summit.It sets out the direction, goals and steps for G20 cooperation, embodies the Hangzhou Consensus for growth, and provides the blueprint for building an innovative, invigorated, interconnected and inclusive world economy.We believe that addressing the risks and challenges to today’s world economy requires multi-pronged solution to tackle both the symptoms and the root causes.A host of effective policy tools, fiscal, monetary and structural, must be leveraged to sharpen vigilance and buffer against short-term risks, unleash medium-to long-term potential, ensure sufficient aggregate demand, and improve the quality of supply.This will send a strong signal of G20’s commitment to global growth, and will go a long way to shoring up market confidence and ensuring stability of global financial markets.Second, we are determined to break a new path for growth and instill new dynamism into the world economy.We have unanimously adopted the G20 Blueprint on Innovative Growth.It reflects our desire to find the right pathway toward sustained and healthy growth of the world economy, capitalize on the new opportunities brought about by innovation, the new industrial revolution, digital economy and other new factors and business types, and flesh out a series of specific action plans.We agree to encourage multi-leveled innovation in a wide range of domains, including development concepts, institutional architecture and business models, with science and technology innovation at the core.We also believe that fruits of innovation should be shared.We decide to forge ahead with structural reform and have identified the priority areas, guiding principles and a set of indicators.The Blueprint provides us with the consensus, action plan and the overall framework to open up a new path for global growth and increase medium-to long-term potential of the world economy.Third, we are determined to improve global economic and financial governance to enhance the resilience of the world economy.We agree to advance the quota and governance reform of international financial institutions, broaden the use of SDR, strengthen the Global Financial Safety Net and make the international monetary system more stable and resilient.We resolve to implement various financial reforms, closely monitor and address the underlying risks and vulnerability of the financial system, deepen cooperation on financial inclusion, green financing and climate fund, and jointly maintain stability in international financial markets.We will enhance international tax cooperation as a means to promote global investment and growth.To transform the global energy governance, we have formulated an action plan on energy access, renewable energy and energy efficiency.On corruption, we have reached further consensus on deepening cooperation and are determined to deprive all corrupt elements of any safe haven in G20 countries and beyond.We hope the above progress and measures will lead to more balanced global economic and financial governance, well-functioning institutions and effective actions that will secure world economic growth.Fourth, we are determined to revitalize international trade and investment as key engines of growth, and build an open world economy.We agree to fully leverage the role of the Trade Ministers’ Meeting and the Trade and Investment Working Group.We have worked out the G20 Strategy for Global Trade Growth to promote the inclusive and coordinated development of global value chains, provide continued support for the multilateral trading system, and reiterate the commitment to reject protectionism, in a joint endeavor to unlock the potential of global trade cooperation and reverse the decline of global trade growth.We have formulated the G20 Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking, which lays out the first global framework of multilateral rules governing international investment.With these common efforts, we have reasons to look forward to renewed vitality of the world economy and continued robust advancement of economic globalization driven by strong international trade and investment.Fifth, we are determined to promote inclusive and interconnected development, so that G20 cooperation will deliver benefits to the whole world.For the first time, we have given priority to development in the global macro-policy framework.For the first time, we have devised a groundbreaking Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.We agree to take the lead in implementing the Paris Agreement on Climate Change to encourage its early entry into effect.We have proposed the G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and LDCs, made an Entrepreneurship Action Plan, adopted the Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance Initiative, and decided to deepen cooperation in such areas as food security and inclusive business.These action plans and practical outcomes will help reduce inequality and imbalance in global development, deliver tangible benefits to people of the developing world, make important progress toward realizing the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, and contribute to the common development of mankind.We have come to a deeper understanding of the importance of making full use of the role of the G20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation and deem it necessary to transform the G20 from a crisis response mechanism to a long-term governance mechanism and expand its focus from short-term policy response to a combination of short-, medium-and long-term policymaking.We all believe that the development of the G20 bears on the immediate interests of all members and the future of the world economy.Only when the G20 stays responsive to time and change can it retain its vigor and vitality.We resolve to support the continued focus by the G20 on the most prominent, pivotal and pressing challenges facing the world economy, enhance policy coordination, improve institutional building, and fully implement the outcomes, thus leading strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy.Dear Colleagues，Before I formally announce the conclusion of the summit, let me extend my sincere thanks to all of you for your trust in me and the Chinese government, for the support, understanding and cooperation you have rendered China during the summit, and for the hard work and important contribution you have made to facilitate world economic growth and the development of the G20.Thanks to our joint efforts, the G20 Hangzhou Summit has produced fruitful results and is successfully concluded.I am convinced that Hangzhou will be a fresh starting point for the G20 to embark on a new journey.Ours has been a short but memorable gathering.It is about time to say goodbye.In a moment, I will meet the press and brief them on the outcomes of the summit and our deliberations in light of the consensus we have reached.Some colleagues will stay in China for a few more days.Others are departing soon.I hope you will take back fond memories from your trip to China, including the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.I wish all of you a pleasant and safe journey home.I now declare the G20 Hangzhou Summit closed.Thank you.

第五篇：關(guān)于G20杭州峰會期間保障方案

關(guān)于G20杭州峰會期間保障方案

為落實安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任，強化安全監(jiān)管，全力做好峰會期間施工安全工作，確保峰會在杭順利舉行，特制定本方案。

一、目標

堅守安全生產(chǎn)紅線，增強做好當前安全生產(chǎn)工作的政治意識、責(zé)任意識和憂患意識，圍繞“G20峰會籌備和舉辦期間不出事”的總體工作目標，主動作為、勇挑重擔(dān)，確保G20峰會期間不發(fā)生安全生產(chǎn)事故。

二、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機構(gòu)

為切實做好2016年G20峰會安全生產(chǎn)保障工作，成立G20峰會安全生產(chǎn)保障工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組：

組長： 副組長：

組員：

G20峰會安全生產(chǎn)保障工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組負責(zé)G20峰會期間各類安全生產(chǎn)檢查，進一步全面排查安全問題和隱患，落實整改責(zé)任和措施，提高安全生產(chǎn)保障水平。

工程進展情況及特點

五跑道工程位于四跑道東側(cè)，目前工程已完成地基處理施工，下階段將進入水穩(wěn)基層大面積施工和消防管線施工。

三、安全管理措施

（一）人員管理

1、對項目部在崗人員做好信息登記，協(xié)助公安部門做好暫住證辦理。

2、對項目部在崗人員背景情況進行調(diào)查了解，思想情緒是否存在穩(wěn)定因素等進行分析評估。

3、對出入項目部、施工現(xiàn)場等管理區(qū)域的人員做好出入登記。

4、嚴禁外來人員在項目部管理區(qū)域內(nèi)留宿，確保項目部生活生產(chǎn)安全。

（二）機械設(shè)備管理

對進場機械設(shè)備必須牌證齊全、有效，必須經(jīng)過項目部、監(jiān)理單位驗收合格后方可入場使用；

對進場使用的機械設(shè)備，嚴格根據(jù)項目部機械管理制度做好檢查維修保養(yǎng)工作，并做記錄。

對在場機械設(shè)備，由機械管理人員統(tǒng)一造冊登記備案，機械管理人員對機械進出場使用管理情況負全責(zé)；

（三）隱患排查

項目部由保障領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組對峰會前、中、后進行全面的安全檢查，檢查各項安全生產(chǎn)制度和措施落實情況；安全生產(chǎn)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)落實情況；安全力量落實情況；安全生產(chǎn)報告制度落實情況；安全責(zé)任、安全投入、安全培訓(xùn)、安全管理、應(yīng)急救援到位情況。重點排查生活區(qū)和鋼筋加工查用電、消防安全，施工現(xiàn)場機械傷害和交通安全。

（四）分包管理

項目部加強對分包單位農(nóng)民工工資發(fā)放工資的監(jiān)督，嚴禁分包單位拖欠農(nóng)民工工資，絕不允許因拖欠工資發(fā)生農(nóng)民工滯留和上訪事件。

四、值班安排

G20峰會期間值班安排詳見值班表。