第一篇：政府工作報(bào)告——2002年3月5日在第九屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議上(朱镕基)

2002年政府工作報(bào)告

——2002年3月5日在第九屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議上

國(guó)務(wù)院總理朱镕基

各位代表：

現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院向大會(huì)作政府工作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見(jiàn)。

首先報(bào)告２００１年的工作。

新世紀(jì)第一年，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，面對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際形勢(shì)，克服困難，闊步前進(jìn)，改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得了新的重大成就。

國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)保持良好發(fā)展勢(shì)頭。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)明顯減速的情況下，我們堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的方針，堅(jiān)定地實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)較快增長(zhǎng)。２００１年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到９５９３３億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)７．３％。經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得積極進(jìn)展。農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)有所優(yōu)化，優(yōu)質(zhì)、專(zhuān)用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品增加。信息、生物等高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)改造和淘汰落后生產(chǎn)能力有較大進(jìn)展?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)取得顯著成績(jī)，完成了一批公路、鐵路、江河干堤、水利樞紐和農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造等重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。西部大開(kāi)發(fā)起步順利，青藏鐵路、西電東送等重大項(xiàng)目相繼開(kāi)工。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益進(jìn)一步提高。全年規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)４６５７億元，增長(zhǎng)８．１％。稅收大幅度增長(zhǎng)，全國(guó)財(cái)政收入達(dá)到１６３７１億元，按可比口徑增加２４００億元。金融運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平上升０．７％。外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額突破５０００億美元，其中出口２６６２億美元，增長(zhǎng)６．８％。外商直接投資４６８億美元，增長(zhǎng)１４．９％。國(guó)際收支狀況良好，年末國(guó)家外匯儲(chǔ)備達(dá)到２１２２億美元，比上年末增加４６６億美元。人民幣匯率穩(wěn)定。國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)沿著持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展的軌道前進(jìn)。

經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革進(jìn)一步深化。國(guó)有企業(yè)改革繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度建設(shè)加快。國(guó)家向重點(diǎn)企業(yè)派出的監(jiān)事會(huì)作用加強(qiáng)。企業(yè)重組、改組工作積極推進(jìn)。一批資源枯竭的礦山和嚴(yán)重資不抵債、扭虧無(wú)望的企業(yè)，通過(guò)關(guān)閉、破產(chǎn)退出市場(chǎng)。糧食、棉花流通體制改革取得成效。完善城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系和農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革試點(diǎn)進(jìn)展順利。城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制和藥品生產(chǎn)流通體制三項(xiàng)改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。清理和減少了行政審批事項(xiàng)。整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序取得階段性成果，僅對(duì)制假售假違法活動(dòng)立案查處的就達(dá)１２０多萬(wàn)起，有力地打擊了經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的違法犯罪分子。

科技、教育和社會(huì)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展。新的“８６３計(jì)劃”、科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃和重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃開(kāi)始實(shí)施。國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)。一批國(guó)家高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化重大項(xiàng)目正式啟動(dòng)?？萍俭w制改革繼續(xù)深化?；A(chǔ)教育和職業(yè)教育進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，素質(zhì)教育全面推進(jìn)。全國(guó)普通高校招生２６８萬(wàn)人，比上年增加４８萬(wàn)人。高校管理體制和后勤社會(huì)化改革進(jìn)展順利。資源保護(hù)、環(huán)境治理和生態(tài)建設(shè)明顯加強(qiáng)。退耕還林和天然林保護(hù)工程建設(shè)取得成效。重點(diǎn)流域和區(qū)域污染防治得到加強(qiáng)，部分城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量有所改善。社會(huì)主義精神文明和民主法制建設(shè)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)。社會(huì)科學(xué)、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、新聞出版、廣播影視、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、計(jì)劃生育和體育等各項(xiàng)事業(yè)取得新成績(jī)。城市社區(qū)和農(nóng)村基層政權(quán)建設(shè)得到加強(qiáng)。農(nóng)村“三個(gè)代表”學(xué)習(xí)教育活動(dòng)深入進(jìn)行。民族、宗教和僑務(wù)工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)力度加大，成績(jī)顯著?！皣?yán)打”整治斗爭(zhēng)和社會(huì)治安綜合治理取得初步成效，依法鏟除一批黑惡勢(shì)力犯罪團(tuán)伙，懲治了一批嚴(yán)重刑事犯罪分子。國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)邁出新步伐。

城鄉(xiāng)人民生活繼續(xù)改善。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)８．５％。中央財(cái)政和地方財(cái)政大幅度增加了社會(huì)保障支出。國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)和離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，基本上做到按時(shí)足額發(fā)放。城市居民最低生活保障的覆蓋人數(shù)，由年初的４００多萬(wàn)人擴(kuò)大到年末的１１２０多萬(wàn)人。國(guó)家提高了機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位職工工資和離退休人員養(yǎng)老金水平，增加了企業(yè)離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金。以上幾項(xiàng)，僅中央財(cái)政當(dāng)年就增加支出６２１億元。農(nóng)民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)４．２％。通過(guò)加快農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造和整頓電價(jià)，降低農(nóng)村用電價(jià)格，減輕了農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)。城鄉(xiāng)市場(chǎng)繁榮，居民住、行條件進(jìn)一步改善。

去年，我們隆重慶祝了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立８０周年，江澤民總書(shū)記發(fā)表“七一”重要講話(huà)，闡述了“三個(gè)代表”思想的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵和重大意義。黨的十五屆六中全會(huì)作出了加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)黨的作風(fēng)建設(shè)的重要決定。北京贏得了２００８年奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦權(quán)。我國(guó)成功舉辦亞太經(jīng)合組織第九次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議等重要國(guó)際會(huì)議。經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期努力，我國(guó)正式加入世界貿(mào)易組織。所有這些，對(duì)于我們黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)的發(fā)展都具有重大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響，極大地激發(fā)了全國(guó)各族人民的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情，增強(qiáng)了民族自豪感和凝聚力。

２００１年經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的顯著成績(jī)，確實(shí)來(lái)之不易。這是以江澤民同志為核心的黨中央統(tǒng)攬全局、審時(shí)度勢(shì)，及時(shí)作出正確決策和部署的結(jié)果，是全國(guó)各族人民銳意進(jìn)取、團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果。我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向辛勤工作在全國(guó)各條戰(zhàn)線(xiàn)上的廣大工人、農(nóng)民、知識(shí)分子、干部、人民解放軍指戰(zhàn)員、武警部隊(duì)官兵和公安干警以及各界人士，致以崇高的敬意！向關(guān)心與支持祖國(guó)建設(shè)和統(tǒng)一的香港特別行政區(qū)、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)同胞和臺(tái)灣同胞、海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝!

我們也清醒地看到，當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活中還存在不少亟待解決的問(wèn)題。主要是：農(nóng)民收入增長(zhǎng)緩慢，一些糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和嚴(yán)重受災(zāi)地方農(nóng)民收入減少，有些地方拖欠工資嚴(yán)重，部分企業(yè)生產(chǎn)和職工生活仍有困難，就業(yè)壓力加大。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制深層次問(wèn)題尚未解決，生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題依然相當(dāng)突出，地方保護(hù)主義屢禁不止，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序有待繼續(xù)整頓。一些地方、部門(mén)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部中形式主義、官僚主義盛行，弄虛作假、鋪張浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重，腐敗現(xiàn)象還比較突出。有些單位違規(guī)挪用財(cái)政資金和專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金。有法不依、執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)的問(wèn)題比較普遍。重大安全事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。有些地方社會(huì)治安狀況不好。這些問(wèn)題有的是多年積累下來(lái)的，有的同工作中的缺點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤有關(guān)。我們必須高度重視，采取有力措施加以解決。

２００２年是我們黨和國(guó)家發(fā)展史上非常重要的一年。做好今年各項(xiàng)工作，具有十分重要的意義。當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)仍然緩慢，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義加劇。我國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織，總體上有利于改革開(kāi)放和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，但在近期某些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不強(qiáng)的行業(yè)、企業(yè)會(huì)受到較大沖擊。我們面臨著新的困難和嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。同時(shí)，也應(yīng)當(dāng)看到，做好今年工作具有許多有利條件。我國(guó)綜合國(guó)力顯著增強(qiáng)，擁有比較雄厚的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，糧食、外匯等重要儲(chǔ)備充足，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有較大回旋余地。我國(guó)社會(huì)政治穩(wěn)定。特別是以江澤民同志為核心的黨中央積累了應(yīng)對(duì)各種復(fù)雜局面的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我們要增強(qiáng)信心，振奮精神，充分利用一切有利條件，發(fā)揮各方面的積極性，努力做好各項(xiàng)工作。

根據(jù)黨中央部署，今年工作的總體要求是：以鄧小平理論和黨的十五大精神為指導(dǎo)，進(jìn)一步貫徹落實(shí)江澤民同志“七一”重要講話(huà)和黨的十五屆五中、六中全會(huì)精神，按照“三個(gè)代表”要求，正確把握復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，抵御和克服前進(jìn)道路上的各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和困難，以保持經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求的方針，繼續(xù)深化改革，擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，加快結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益，促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)全面進(jìn)步。切實(shí)加強(qiáng)精神文明建設(shè)、民主法制建設(shè)和黨的建設(shè)，轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗，勤儉建國(guó)，以改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的新成就迎接黨的十六大召開(kāi)。

按照這個(gè)總體要求，今年要著重做好以下八個(gè)方面工作。

一、擴(kuò)大和培育內(nèi)需，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)較快增長(zhǎng)

保持國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)較快增長(zhǎng)，是擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、改善人民生活和維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)，也是推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和深化改革的重要條件。在當(dāng)前嚴(yán)峻的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)較快增長(zhǎng)的根本之策，是擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求，進(jìn)一步形成消費(fèi)和投資的雙重拉動(dòng)。要繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，并保持必要的力度，同時(shí)采取其他配套的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。

擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求，首先必須增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群體的收入，培育和提高居民的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。一是采取更有力的措施，千方百計(jì)增加農(nóng)民收入，切實(shí)減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)。二是進(jìn)一步完善城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系。當(dāng)務(wù)之急仍然是落實(shí)“兩個(gè)確?！保_保國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)和離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放，任何地方都不得發(fā)生新的拖欠。完善失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度。同時(shí)，強(qiáng)化城市居民最低生活保障制度建設(shè)，使所有符合條件的城市貧困居民都能得到最低生活保障，做到應(yīng)保盡保。中央財(cái)政預(yù)算較大幅度地增加了“低?！辟Y金，地方財(cái)政預(yù)算也必須增加所需資金。對(duì)特困行業(yè)和企業(yè)的職工，還要采取有效措施幫助他們解決困難。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制和藥品生產(chǎn)流通體制改革。進(jìn)一步搞好在遼寧全省和其他省、自治區(qū)部分城市完善社會(huì)保障體系的試點(diǎn)工作。努力籌集和管好、用好全國(guó)社會(huì)保障基金。三是繼續(xù)適當(dāng)提高機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位職工基本工資，并相應(yīng)增加機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位離退休人員離退休金。各類(lèi)所有制企業(yè)也要在提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的基礎(chǔ)上，適當(dāng)增加職工收入。對(duì)一些地方拖欠干部、政法干警、教師工資的問(wèn)題，有關(guān)地方政府務(wù)必采取有力措施，盡快加以解決。地方財(cái)政首先要保工資發(fā)放，對(duì)過(guò)去拖欠的工資，也應(yīng)盡快補(bǔ)發(fā)。寧可不上新的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，不辦或者少辦不是急需的事，也要確保工資按時(shí)足額發(fā)放。在嚴(yán)格定編定員的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)發(fā)放工資確有困難的省、自治區(qū)、直轄市，中央財(cái)政通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移支付予以補(bǔ)助。市、縣級(jí)財(cái)政有困難的，省級(jí)財(cái)政也要通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移支付予以補(bǔ)助。四是積極擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和再就業(yè)。這是增加居民收入的重要途徑。努力拓寬就業(yè)渠道，增加就業(yè)崗位。大力發(fā)展就業(yè)容量大的勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、中小企業(yè)。擴(kuò)大社區(qū)服務(wù)就業(yè)門(mén)路。實(shí)行彈性大、靈活性強(qiáng)、多樣化的就業(yè)形式。發(fā)展勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，完善就業(yè)服務(wù)體系。認(rèn)真落實(shí)鼓勵(lì)自謀職業(yè)和促進(jìn)就業(yè)的優(yōu)惠政策措施。對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體給予特殊的就業(yè)援助。五是拓寬消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域，改善消費(fèi)環(huán)境。通過(guò)深化改革，調(diào)整政策，消除各種限制消費(fèi)的障礙。鼓勵(lì)居民擴(kuò)大住房、旅游、汽車(chē)、電信、文化、體育和其他服務(wù)性消費(fèi)，培育新的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn)。

保持國(guó)債投資的必要規(guī)模，帶動(dòng)固定資產(chǎn)投資較快增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)需要和可能，今年擬發(fā)行１５００億元長(zhǎng)期建設(shè)國(guó)債，主要用于在建的國(guó)債建設(shè)項(xiàng)目、西部開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目、重點(diǎn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造，以及南水北調(diào)、京津水資源保護(hù)工程、農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和教育、公檢法司等方面設(shè)施的建設(shè)。１９９８年以來(lái)開(kāi)工建設(shè)的大部分國(guó)債項(xiàng)目，要在今年內(nèi)基本完工。目前，居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款增加較多，銀行資金比較充裕，利率水平較低，市場(chǎng)價(jià)格穩(wěn)定，國(guó)債余額占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重仍在安全線(xiàn)以?xún)?nèi)，發(fā)行長(zhǎng)期建設(shè)國(guó)債還有一定的空間，不會(huì)有大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。用國(guó)債投資進(jìn)行重要的和社會(huì)急需項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)，不僅有利于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和培植財(cái)源，而且有利于集中力量辦大事，充分發(fā)揮各方面資金的使用效益。在擴(kuò)大國(guó)債投資的同時(shí)，還要采取措施用活用好其他國(guó)內(nèi)資金，引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)投資。要高度重視資金的合理、節(jié)約使用，堅(jiān)決防止無(wú)效投入和重復(fù)建設(shè)。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)也要合理規(guī)劃，量力而行，講求實(shí)效，不可過(guò)分超前。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)債資金使用、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)和工程質(zhì)量的監(jiān)督管理，嚴(yán)厲查處各種截留、挪用國(guó)債資金的行為。

努力做好財(cái)稅工作，保持稅制穩(wěn)定，加強(qiáng)稅收征管。嚴(yán)格依法治稅，做到應(yīng)收盡收，堵塞“跑、冒、滴、漏”。認(rèn)真貫徹“一要吃飯、二要建設(shè)”的方針，合理調(diào)整財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，區(qū)別輕重緩急，該保的一定要保，該壓縮的要堅(jiān)決壓縮。為了進(jìn)一步規(guī)范中央和地方政府之間的分配關(guān)系，建立合理的分配機(jī)制，支持西部開(kāi)發(fā)，從今年開(kāi)始，對(duì)所得稅收入實(shí)行中央和地方按比例分享的辦法。中央從所得稅增量中多分享的收入，全部用于對(duì)地方主要是中西部地區(qū)的一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付。

繼續(xù)實(shí)行穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，加強(qiáng)對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管。金融機(jī)構(gòu)要在切實(shí)防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的同時(shí)，積極支持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，努力改進(jìn)服務(wù)。銀行要調(diào)整信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)支持國(guó)債投資項(xiàng)目、農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、企業(yè)技術(shù)改造、中小企業(yè)特別是科技型中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展，盡量滿(mǎn)足有市場(chǎng)、有效益、有信用的企業(yè)流動(dòng)資金貸款需求，發(fā)展個(gè)人住房、助學(xué)貸款等消費(fèi)信貸業(yè)務(wù)。加快建立現(xiàn)代金融制度，深化金融企業(yè)改革，健全內(nèi)部機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)管理。商業(yè)銀行從今年開(kāi)始要全面實(shí)行貸款質(zhì)量五級(jí)分類(lèi)制度，改進(jìn)信息披露。進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場(chǎng)。繼續(xù)促進(jìn)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)金融法治和監(jiān)管。加快信息化建設(shè)。密切關(guān)注國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)變化，嚴(yán)防國(guó)際短期資本對(duì)我國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)的沖擊，確保金融安全。

二、加快農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，努力增加農(nóng)民收入

發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力，提高農(nóng)民購(gòu)買(mǎi)力，是擴(kuò)大和培育內(nèi)需十分重要的方面，關(guān)系國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定全局。要把加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)和增加農(nóng)民收入，作為整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的突出任務(wù)；把農(nóng)民是否增加收入和減輕負(fù)擔(dān)，作為檢驗(yàn)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村工作的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

從根本上說(shuō)，增加農(nóng)民收入必須加快農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)，積極推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變。大力推廣優(yōu)良品種和先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)，加快發(fā)展優(yōu)質(zhì)、專(zhuān)用、無(wú)公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。繼續(xù)調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，積極發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)。充分發(fā)揮區(qū)域比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，加快農(nóng)業(yè)布局調(diào)整和優(yōu)化。沿海地區(qū)和大中城市郊區(qū)要大力發(fā)展高效農(nóng)業(yè)。中部糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)要抓住主銷(xiāo)區(qū)騰出部分糧食市場(chǎng)的機(jī)遇，擴(kuò)大優(yōu)質(zhì)糧食生產(chǎn)，提高糧食的綜合效益和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。西部地區(qū)要發(fā)展特色農(nóng)業(yè)、旱作農(nóng)業(yè)和生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。努力擴(kuò)大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口。推廣“公司加農(nóng)戶(hù)”、“訂單農(nóng)業(yè)”等方式，逐步形成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、加工、銷(xiāo)售一體化經(jīng)營(yíng)。加快培育一批輻射面廣、帶動(dòng)力強(qiáng)的龍頭企業(yè)。深化農(nóng)業(yè)科研和推廣體制改革，推進(jìn)農(nóng)科教、產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合，繼續(xù)實(shí)施“星火計(jì)劃”，加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果的轉(zhuǎn)化與推廣應(yīng)用。調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),必須堅(jiān)持以市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，從實(shí)際出發(fā)，充分尊重農(nóng)民意愿，絕不能搞強(qiáng)迫命令。各級(jí)政府要做好規(guī)劃，增加對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的科技投入，加強(qiáng)服務(wù)，著力抓好農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和認(rèn)證體系、檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)體系、市場(chǎng)信息體系建設(shè)，創(chuàng)造良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。

為了使農(nóng)民收入盡快有較多增長(zhǎng)，還必須做好以下工作。

一是擴(kuò)大退耕還林規(guī)模。兩年多試點(diǎn)證明，在中西部一些地方實(shí)行退耕還林（包括還草、還湖），既是改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的重大舉措，也是直接增加農(nóng)民收入的有效途徑。目前糧食等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給充足，是加快退耕還林的良好時(shí)機(jī)。今年要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大退耕還林規(guī)模，推進(jìn)休牧還草，加快宜林荒山荒地造林步伐。要堅(jiān)持因地制宜，加強(qiáng)分類(lèi)指導(dǎo)，認(rèn)真落實(shí)退耕還林的各項(xiàng)政策，完善配套措施，抓緊培育和供應(yīng)優(yōu)良種苗，保證退耕還林質(zhì)量。實(shí)施退耕還林和天然林保護(hù)工程，都要重視搞好后續(xù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的開(kāi)發(fā)，以保障群眾長(zhǎng)期的生活來(lái)源和有關(guān)地方必要的財(cái)政收入。要抓緊研究制定退耕還林的法規(guī)。

二是深化農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革和糧棉流通體制改革。農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革是減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)的治本之策。今年要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大試點(diǎn)范圍，主要放在中部地區(qū)的糧食主產(chǎn)省和農(nóng)業(yè)大省，其他省、自治區(qū)、直轄市繼續(xù)在部分縣市進(jìn)行試點(diǎn)。中央財(cái)政在預(yù)算內(nèi)安排相應(yīng)資金予以支持，試點(diǎn)地方的財(cái)政也要安排適當(dāng)資金支持改革。同時(shí)，要搞好鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)、農(nóng)村教育和縣鄉(xiāng)財(cái)政體制等配套改革。農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革，既要明顯減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)，又要保證鄉(xiāng)村正常工作和發(fā)展的必要經(jīng)費(fèi)，特別是保證農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。尚未進(jìn)行農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革的地方，要嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行中央有關(guān)規(guī)定，繼續(xù)做好減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)的各項(xiàng)工作。各地要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)村教育、電價(jià)、建房等方面亂收費(fèi)的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理。全面落實(shí)深化糧食流通體制改革的措施，大力推進(jìn)國(guó)有糧食購(gòu)銷(xiāo)企業(yè)改革，改進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)糧食市場(chǎng)管理，推動(dòng)糧食主銷(xiāo)區(qū)和主產(chǎn)區(qū)建立長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的購(gòu)銷(xiāo)合作關(guān)系。繼續(xù)做好棉花購(gòu)銷(xiāo)市場(chǎng)化改革的各項(xiàng)工作，保持棉花生產(chǎn)和市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定。

三是努力拓寬農(nóng)民增收渠道。以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)和農(nóng)村服務(wù)業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，加快發(fā)展農(nóng)村二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)。引導(dǎo)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)加快結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和體制創(chuàng)新，提高發(fā)展水平。擴(kuò)大城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)往來(lái)有利于明顯增加農(nóng)民收入。各地要清理、取消不合理的限制和亂收費(fèi)，為農(nóng)民進(jìn)城務(wù)工經(jīng)商提供方便，切實(shí)保障他們的合法權(quán)益；同時(shí)，要加強(qiáng)管理和引導(dǎo)。積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移。

四是加大對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的支持力度。采取符合世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則的措施，努力維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益。增加對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)投資，改善生產(chǎn)生活條件和生態(tài)環(huán)境。重點(diǎn)支持節(jié)水灌溉、人畜飲水、農(nóng)村沼氣、農(nóng)村水電、鄉(xiāng)村道路和草場(chǎng)圍欄等設(shè)施建設(shè)。要在農(nóng)業(yè)科研、技術(shù)推廣、病蟲(chóng)害防治、信息咨詢(xún)和農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)等方面加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的支持。特別要加大對(duì)糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)的支持力度。改進(jìn)金融對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的服務(wù)。深化農(nóng)村信用社改革。進(jìn)一步搞好農(nóng)村扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)，多渠道增加扶貧資金，擴(kuò)大以工代賑規(guī)模。加大對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)和特困地區(qū)的支持，減免農(nóng)、牧業(yè)稅，并真正落到實(shí)處。積極幫助農(nóng)村特困戶(hù)和優(yōu)撫對(duì)象解決實(shí)際困難。

三、積極推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革

進(jìn)一步解決制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾和體制性障礙，是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)素質(zhì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的根本舉措。必須大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，堅(jiān)持不懈地把經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革引向深入。

加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。一要采用高新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)，改造和提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。支持重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和骨干企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造，支持承擔(dān)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)任務(wù)的大型裝備制造企業(yè)提高產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力。企業(yè)技術(shù)改造要做好規(guī)劃，以“質(zhì)量、品種、效益”為重點(diǎn)，選好項(xiàng)目，不能搞重復(fù)建設(shè)和單純擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)能力。鞏固和擴(kuò)大紡織、冶金、煤炭等行業(yè)淘汰落后生產(chǎn)能力取得的成果，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)石化、建材、機(jī)械、醫(yī)藥、制糖、煙草等行業(yè)壓縮過(guò)剩、落后生產(chǎn)能力的工作。已淘汰的生產(chǎn)能力，絕不能以任何借口和形式恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。繼續(xù)調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)。推動(dòng)老工業(yè)基地加快調(diào)整和改造。支持以資源開(kāi)采為主的城市和老礦區(qū)發(fā)展接續(xù)和替代產(chǎn)業(yè)。二要加快發(fā)展信息、生物、新材料等高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。繼續(xù)抓好信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、新型電子元器件、集成電路、軟件、新材料和中藥現(xiàn)代化等高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)的組織實(shí)施。推進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)信息化。三要積極發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)特別是現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展金融、會(huì)計(jì)、咨詢(xún)、法律服務(wù)等行業(yè)。逐步推行連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)、物流配送、代理制、電子商務(wù)等組織形式和服務(wù)方式。大力發(fā)展旅游業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)。

繼續(xù)實(shí)施西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)地區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。加快西部地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)。著力抓好青藏鐵路、西氣東輸、西電東送等重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施退耕還林、天然林保護(hù)、“三北”防護(hù)林和防沙治沙工程。認(rèn)真落實(shí)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)的各項(xiàng)政策和措施，促進(jìn)老少邊窮地區(qū)發(fā)展。西部地區(qū)要注重發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)和特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，不搞重復(fù)建設(shè)、盲目投資。防止已被淘汰的企業(yè)和設(shè)備向西部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移，避免破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境。中部地區(qū)要充分發(fā)揮區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)和資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，積極培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，國(guó)家在安排建設(shè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)要給予支持，以加快發(fā)展步伐。東部地區(qū)要優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)素質(zhì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，采取多種方式加強(qiáng)同中西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作。

深化以國(guó)有企業(yè)改革為中心的各項(xiàng)改革。近幾年，國(guó)有企業(yè)改革取得了很大進(jìn)展，但是任務(wù)仍然相當(dāng)艱巨，必須繼續(xù)下大氣力推進(jìn)。一是切實(shí)加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度建設(shè)。繼續(xù)推行規(guī)范化的公司制改造，健全法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)，真正轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制。今年要重點(diǎn)檢查上市公司建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度的情況，找出存在問(wèn)題，認(rèn)真加以解決。強(qiáng)化企業(yè)內(nèi)部改革，選擇少量中央管理的大型企業(yè)和境外上市公司，進(jìn)行收入分配制度改革試點(diǎn)，建立對(duì)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)者有效的激勵(lì)和約束機(jī)制。推進(jìn)企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)制度與國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)慣例相銜接。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)企業(yè)質(zhì)量、成本、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)管理。加快企業(yè)管理現(xiàn)代化、信息化建設(shè)。二是積極推進(jìn)企業(yè)重組改組。盡快形成和發(fā)展一批具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的大公司和企業(yè)集團(tuán)。繼續(xù)采取多種形式放開(kāi)搞活國(guó)有中小企業(yè)。在企業(yè)重組改組中，必須防止國(guó)有資產(chǎn)流失和逃廢銀行債務(wù)。三是繼續(xù)有步驟地做好企業(yè)破產(chǎn)兼并工作。特別要注意按政策安置好職工，維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。適當(dāng)增加銀行核銷(xiāo)呆壞帳準(zhǔn)備金，主要用于重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和地區(qū)的企業(yè)破產(chǎn)兼并，特別是用于資源枯竭礦山和軍工等特殊困難企業(yè)的關(guān)閉、破產(chǎn)。繼續(xù)分離企業(yè)辦社會(huì)的職能。

推進(jìn)壟斷行業(yè)改革。通過(guò)政企分開(kāi)和企業(yè)重組，打破行業(yè)壟斷，引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制。盡快實(shí)施電信、電力、民航管理體制改革，抓緊研究制定鐵路管理體制改革方案。有關(guān)部門(mén)要加強(qiáng)對(duì)改革工作的指導(dǎo)，保證生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)正常運(yùn)行和隊(duì)伍穩(wěn)定。

堅(jiān)持以公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。積極探索公有制多種有效實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。繼續(xù)發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和集體經(jīng)濟(jì)，鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)私營(yíng)、個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展。

其他各項(xiàng)改革，也要按照完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的要求積極推進(jìn)。盡快制定投融資體制改革方案，爭(zhēng)取早日實(shí)施。繼續(xù)深化收入分配制度和金融、財(cái)稅、外貿(mào)、住房等方面的改革。

四、適應(yīng)加入世貿(mào)組織新形勢(shì)，全面提高對(duì)外開(kāi)放水平

我國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織，標(biāo)志著對(duì)外開(kāi)放進(jìn)入一個(gè)新階段。我們要以積極的姿態(tài)，在更大范圍和更深程度上參與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，切實(shí)做好加入世貿(mào)組織第一年的各項(xiàng)工作。

為了適應(yīng)加入世貿(mào)組織的要求，近年來(lái)特別是近幾個(gè)月，我國(guó)做了大量工作。全國(guó)性的相關(guān)法規(guī)、規(guī)章的清理工作已基本完成，廢止和修改、制定了一批法律法規(guī)。從２００２年１月１日起，我國(guó)關(guān)稅總水平已由１５．３％降到１２％，涉及５３００多個(gè)稅目。今年要在已有工作基礎(chǔ)上，以增強(qiáng)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力為核心，重點(diǎn)抓好以下幾個(gè)方面：一是按照法制統(tǒng)一、非歧視、公開(kāi)透明的原則，抓緊完善既符合世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則，又符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)法律法規(guī)體系，確保執(zhí)法公正與效率。二是按照加入世貿(mào)組織的承諾，有步驟地?cái)U(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放領(lǐng)域。同時(shí)，加快制定和修訂質(zhì)量、衛(wèi)生、防疫、環(huán)保、安全等方面的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。三是認(rèn)真研究、掌握和充分行使我國(guó)作為世貿(mào)組織成員享有的各項(xiàng)權(quán)利，積極推動(dòng)和參與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。四是組織好世貿(mào)組織有關(guān)知識(shí)和規(guī)則的學(xué)習(xí)、宣傳，分期分批對(duì)國(guó)家公務(wù)員特別是縣(處)級(jí)以上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部和大中型企業(yè)管理人員進(jìn)行普遍培訓(xùn)。加快培養(yǎng)熟悉世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則和國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的各類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。

認(rèn)真做好對(duì)外貿(mào)易工作。繼續(xù)實(shí)施市場(chǎng)多元化戰(zhàn)略，力爭(zhēng)今年外貿(mào)出口有所增長(zhǎng)。要力?，F(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)，開(kāi)拓新的市場(chǎng)。調(diào)整和優(yōu)化出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)，提高商品質(zhì)量和附加值。落實(shí)鼓勵(lì)外貿(mào)出口的政策措施。優(yōu)先保證出口創(chuàng)匯多、信譽(yù)好的重點(diǎn)企業(yè)及時(shí)足額退稅。抓緊改革和完善出口退稅機(jī)制，對(duì)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)自營(yíng)或委托外貿(mào)企業(yè)代理出口的自產(chǎn)商品，全面實(shí)行“免、抵、退”稅辦法。擴(kuò)大出口信貸和信用保險(xiǎn)，加大對(duì)出口的支持。海關(guān)要深化改革，進(jìn)一步提高通關(guān)效率和監(jiān)管水平。推動(dòng)國(guó)有外貿(mào)企業(yè)改革和重組，促進(jìn)外貿(mào)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體多元化和出口渠道多樣化。繼續(xù)實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，鼓勵(lì)和支持有條件的各類(lèi)所有制企業(yè)，到國(guó)外特別是周邊國(guó)家投資辦廠和承包工程，帶動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)、設(shè)備、材料和勞務(wù)出口。做好先進(jìn)技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵設(shè)備和短缺原材料的進(jìn)口工作。逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)重要戰(zhàn)略物資進(jìn)口市場(chǎng)多元化。

繼續(xù)積極利用外資，優(yōu)化外商投資結(jié)構(gòu)。著力引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代化管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專(zhuān)門(mén)人才。鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)外商投資現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、西部開(kāi)發(fā)和參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改造、重組。鼓勵(lì)外商特別是跨國(guó)公司在我國(guó)境內(nèi)建立研究開(kāi)發(fā)中心、生產(chǎn)制造基地和地區(qū)總部。引進(jìn)商貿(mào)、旅游、會(huì)計(jì)、審計(jì)等方面有信譽(yù)的境外大型企業(yè)和中介組織，促進(jìn)我國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展。積極創(chuàng)造條件，吸引境外中小企業(yè)投資。繼續(xù)改善投資環(huán)境，健全法制，依法辦事，改進(jìn)服務(wù)，提高效率。規(guī)范招商引資行為，逐步實(shí)行國(guó)民待遇。做好我國(guó)申辦２０１０年上海世界博覽會(huì)的工作。

五、繼續(xù)大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序

大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，是擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)良性發(fā)展的迫切要求，是加入世貿(mào)組織、對(duì)外開(kāi)放邁出新步伐的必然選擇，也是完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的重大舉措，直接關(guān)系我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)的成敗。要在去年取得階段性成果的基礎(chǔ)上，以更大的決心和更有力的措施，把這項(xiàng)工作深入持久地開(kāi)展下去。

全面展開(kāi)，突出重點(diǎn)。緊緊圍繞當(dāng)前的突出問(wèn)題，著力抓好以下幾個(gè)方面：一是進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)厲打擊各種制售假冒偽劣商品的違法犯罪活動(dòng)，特別是狠狠打擊嚴(yán)重危害人民生命健康的食品、藥品、醫(yī)療器械等方面的制假售假行為。二是繼續(xù)整頓和規(guī)范建筑市場(chǎng)、房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)、文化市場(chǎng)和財(cái)稅秩序。堅(jiān)持不懈地打擊各種騙稅、偷稅、逃匯、騙匯、傳銷(xiāo)和走私等違法犯罪活動(dòng)。嚴(yán)厲打擊偽造票據(jù)、憑證和做假帳等違法行為。整頓和規(guī)范會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所等中介服務(wù)組織。大力整頓旅游市場(chǎng)秩序。三是深入整頓金融秩序。嚴(yán)肅查處銀行、證券、保險(xiǎn)等金融機(jī)構(gòu)違法違規(guī)經(jīng)營(yíng)行為，堅(jiān)決取締非法金融機(jī)構(gòu)和非法金融活動(dòng)，依法查處金融欺詐、非法集資、操縱證券市場(chǎng)和內(nèi)幕交易、惡意逃廢債務(wù)等行為。四是打破地方保護(hù)和行業(yè)壟斷。依法糾正和查處利用特權(quán)，設(shè)置關(guān)卡，阻礙商品流通，妨礙公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行為。繼續(xù)整治成品油市場(chǎng)和各類(lèi)集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)。進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展價(jià)格和收費(fèi)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)整治。五是加強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)、交通安全管理，健全安全責(zé)任制。切實(shí)糾正各種違規(guī)違章指揮和操作現(xiàn)象，防止重大安全事故發(fā)生。尤其要加強(qiáng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品、易燃易爆品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存和使用全過(guò)程的監(jiān)督管理。堅(jiān)決依法關(guān)閉產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量低劣、污染環(huán)境、破壞資源、不具備安全生產(chǎn)條件的廠礦。在整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序中，要集中力量查處大案要案，嚴(yán)懲違法犯罪分子和腐敗分子。

標(biāo)本兼治，重在治本。嚴(yán)格審查各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體的資質(zhì)，把好市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入關(guān)。各級(jí)政府部門(mén)必須堅(jiān)決按規(guī)定與企業(yè)和中介機(jī)構(gòu)徹底脫鉤。進(jìn)一步采取有力措施，認(rèn)真落實(shí)行政性收費(fèi)和罰沒(méi)收入“收支兩條線(xiàn)”的規(guī)定。實(shí)行綜合財(cái)政預(yù)算和部門(mén)預(yù)算，保證各部門(mén)依法行政和嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法的必要財(cái)政開(kāi)支。強(qiáng)化法治，完善行政處罰和刑事追究銜接的規(guī)定，堅(jiān)決防止和糾正違法不究、以罰代刑的現(xiàn)象，加大對(duì)違法犯罪的打擊力度。解決多層執(zhí)法和多頭執(zhí)法問(wèn)題，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法責(zé)任和責(zé)任追究制。提高執(zhí)法人員素質(zhì)和執(zhí)法水平。切實(shí)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)信用建設(shè)，逐步在全社會(huì)形成誠(chéng)信為本、操守為重的良好風(fēng)尚。加快建立企業(yè)、中介機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人的信用檔案，使有不良行為記錄者付出代價(jià)，名譽(yù)掃地，直至繩之以法。廣泛采用現(xiàn)代化監(jiān)管手段，綜合利用信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通、信息共享。加快流通體制改革，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代流通方式，使假冒偽劣商品難以進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。充分發(fā)揮行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)和中介機(jī)構(gòu)的作用，改革和完善其自律機(jī)制，重視廣大群眾和新聞媒體的監(jiān)督作用。

六、實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)精神文明建設(shè)

推動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新。加快國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和具有戰(zhàn)略意義的高新技術(shù)研究，增強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新能力。圍繞產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和共性技術(shù)的研究開(kāi)發(fā)，加快科技成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化和推廣應(yīng)用。建立健全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資機(jī)制和科技創(chuàng)新激勵(lì)機(jī)制。進(jìn)一步改革科技體制，深化應(yīng)用型科研機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)公益型科研機(jī)構(gòu)改革。破除條塊分割，合理配置社會(huì)科研資源，形成部門(mén)、地方、高校和企業(yè)相結(jié)合的科技管理體系。加強(qiáng)大中型企業(yè)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)中心的建設(shè)。繁榮發(fā)展哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)，注重研究全局性、前瞻性、戰(zhàn)略性的重大課題。強(qiáng)化知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)和管理。加強(qiáng)學(xué)術(shù)道德建設(shè)。

堅(jiān)持教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展。大力推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育，加強(qiáng)學(xué)校思想政治工作，促進(jìn)學(xué)生德智體美全面發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)教育，鞏固擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村地區(qū)“兩基”成果，特別是加快貧困地區(qū)和少數(shù)民族地區(qū)普及九年義務(wù)教育步伐。推進(jìn)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育以縣為主的管理體制改革，保證教師工資按時(shí)足額發(fā)放。積極發(fā)展高中階段教育。穩(wěn)步發(fā)展普通高等教育，適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)，調(diào)整學(xué)科結(jié)構(gòu)。大力發(fā)展中等和高等職業(yè)教育。改革課程教材，更新教學(xué)內(nèi)容，提高教育質(zhì)量。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)高校內(nèi)部管理體制改革和后勤社會(huì)化。全面提高教師思想和業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)。加快教育信息化建設(shè)，積極發(fā)展現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育。加大政府對(duì)教育的投入。鼓勵(lì)、支持和規(guī)范社會(huì)力量辦學(xué)、中外合作辦學(xué)。

認(rèn)真實(shí)施人才政策。堅(jiān)持“四化”方針和德才兼?zhèn)涞脑瓌t，加快培養(yǎng)和選拔適應(yīng)改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新形勢(shì)需要的各類(lèi)人才，特別是高科技人才，精通國(guó)際金融、財(cái)會(huì)、貿(mào)易、法律和現(xiàn)代管理的專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。深化干部人事制度改革，完善對(duì)各類(lèi)人才的選拔任用、考核評(píng)價(jià)、激勵(lì)監(jiān)督的制度。善于發(fā)現(xiàn)和大膽起用年輕優(yōu)秀的科技人才。充分發(fā)揮工程師以及技師和熟練技術(shù)工人的作用。落實(shí)技術(shù)、管理等生產(chǎn)要素參與分配的政策，落實(shí)對(duì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的科技人員和高層管理人員進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的規(guī)定。進(jìn)一步采取有效措施，吸引和聘用境外高級(jí)人才，鼓勵(lì)留學(xué)人員回國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)。

走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育的基本國(guó)策，貫徹《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》。特別要加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村和流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育工作，穩(wěn)定低生育水平，促進(jìn)優(yōu)生優(yōu)育。認(rèn)真落實(shí)婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要，保護(hù)婦女和未成年人合法權(quán)益。加強(qiáng)老齡人口工作。關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè)。依法保護(hù)和合理利用土地、礦產(chǎn)、淡水、海洋、森林、草原和氣候資源，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的耕地、林地管理制度，注重節(jié)水節(jié)能。提高資源綜合利用率，健全資源有償使用制度。繼續(xù)加大環(huán)保投入，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和污染防治。加快重點(diǎn)治理工程建設(shè)，改善重點(diǎn)流域、區(qū)域、城市、海域的環(huán)境質(zhì)量，有效控制和降低污染物排放。推行清潔生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)示范區(qū)建設(shè)。大力植樹(shù)種草。加強(qiáng)濕地保護(hù)。建立環(huán)境保護(hù)和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)保障體系。發(fā)展衛(wèi)生事業(yè)，高度重視公共衛(wèi)生和農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作，增加資金投入，積極探索多種形式的農(nóng)村醫(yī)療保障辦法，改善農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生院醫(yī)療條件。大力防治傳染病、職業(yè)病和地方病等危害人民健康的重大疾病。廣泛開(kāi)展全民健身活動(dòng)，提高競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。認(rèn)真做好２００８年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)前期準(zhǔn)備，把舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)工作與推進(jìn)首都改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)結(jié)合起來(lái)。

加強(qiáng)精神文明建設(shè)。堅(jiān)持不懈地用馬列主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想教育廣大干部群眾。堅(jiān)持把依法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)結(jié)合起來(lái)。貫徹落實(shí)《公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要》，在全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)“愛(ài)國(guó)守法、明禮誠(chéng)信、團(tuán)結(jié)友善、勤儉自強(qiáng)、敬業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)”的基本道德規(guī)范。突出抓好愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育，弘揚(yáng)振興中華的民族精神。加強(qiáng)科學(xué)知識(shí)普及工作，破除愚昧迷信，倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)精神和文明健康的生活方式。深入開(kāi)展群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng)。加快發(fā)展社會(huì)科學(xué)、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、新聞出版、廣播影視等各項(xiàng)事業(yè)，堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)、為社會(huì)主義服務(wù)，堅(jiān)持正確輿論導(dǎo)向，創(chuàng)作出更多反映時(shí)代風(fēng)貌和人民愿望的優(yōu)秀作品。加大新聞出版、廣播影視業(yè)改革的力度。高度重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的作用和管理。加強(qiáng)圖書(shū)館、博物館、文化館、科技館、檔案館等公共文化和體育設(shè)施建設(shè)，做好文物保護(hù)工作。完善文化產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)力量參與文化事業(yè)建設(shè)。深入持久地開(kāi)展“掃黃”、“打非”斗爭(zhēng)，嚴(yán)厲打擊盜版盜印和光盤(pán)走私活動(dòng)。加強(qiáng)國(guó)際文化交流。

七、進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，加強(qiáng)政風(fēng)建設(shè)

這是適應(yīng)改革開(kāi)放的新形勢(shì)，建設(shè)廉潔、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政府的要求。要全面貫徹黨的十五屆六中全會(huì)精神，著力抓好三個(gè)方面。

加快政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變。政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革和職能轉(zhuǎn)變，取得了很大進(jìn)展，但還存在不少問(wèn)題。必須進(jìn)一步解放思想，徹底擺脫傳統(tǒng)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的羈絆，切實(shí)把政府職能轉(zhuǎn)到經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)、市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管、社會(huì)管理和公共服務(wù)上來(lái)。繼續(xù)理順政府部門(mén)職能分工，防止有些事情互相推諉和無(wú)人負(fù)責(zé)。認(rèn)真貫徹依法治國(guó)方略，堅(jiān)持依法行政，從嚴(yán)治政。進(jìn)一步改革和減少行政審批，必須審批的也要規(guī)范操作，簡(jiǎn)化程序，公開(kāi)透明，明確責(zé)任。對(duì)此，國(guó)務(wù)院已做出了部署，各地區(qū)各部門(mén)要認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)。加快政府管理信息化建設(shè)，推廣電子政務(wù)，提高工作效率和監(jiān)管有效性。

切實(shí)加強(qiáng)政風(fēng)建設(shè)。深入開(kāi)展反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)，加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)。廉潔從政，執(zhí)政為民，是我們黨和政府根本宗旨的要求，也是政府機(jī)關(guān)每個(gè)工作人員必須恪守的基本準(zhǔn)則。各級(jí)政府和所有干部都必須做到清正廉明，奉公守法。對(duì)那些違法亂紀(jì)、以權(quán)謀私、貪污腐化的人，必須徹底查處。加大治本力度，從源頭上預(yù)防和治理腐敗。要認(rèn)真落實(shí)黨中央關(guān)于把今年作為轉(zhuǎn)變作風(fēng)年的要求。堅(jiān)決克服誤國(guó)害民的形式主義、官僚主義。要大力精簡(jiǎn)會(huì)議和文件，切實(shí)解決當(dāng)前嚴(yán)重存在的“文山會(huì)海”問(wèn)題。大興調(diào)查研究之風(fēng)，深入實(shí)際，深入基層，了解真實(shí)情況。要傾聽(tīng)群眾呼聲，關(guān)心群眾疾苦，抓緊解決人民群眾反映強(qiáng)烈和不滿(mǎn)意的問(wèn)題。堅(jiān)決糾正虛報(bào)浮夸、欺上瞞下、濫用民力、強(qiáng)迫命令的惡劣作風(fēng)，做到講真話(huà)、辦實(shí)事、求實(shí)效。

堅(jiān)決反對(duì)奢侈浪費(fèi)。當(dāng)前，無(wú)論是生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)、流通還是消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域，都存在嚴(yán)重鋪張浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象。有的地方熱衷于搞華而不實(shí)的“形象工程”、“政績(jī)工程”，市政建設(shè)盲目追求高檔次、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；有的地方連工資都不能按時(shí)發(fā)放，還在亂上建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，違反規(guī)定興建樓堂館所。還有名目繁多的辦節(jié)、慶典活動(dòng)，比闊氣、講排場(chǎng)；用公款大吃大喝、進(jìn)行高檔消費(fèi)娛樂(lè)，公費(fèi)出國(guó)旅游。凡此種種，耗費(fèi)巨額資財(cái)，必須堅(jiān)決剎住這種奢侈浪費(fèi)之風(fēng)。一要大張旗鼓地倡導(dǎo)艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)、勤儉建國(guó)、勤儉辦一切事業(yè)。堅(jiān)決制止各種不切實(shí)際、不計(jì)效果的錯(cuò)誤做法。二要努力節(jié)省開(kāi)支。生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)、流通等領(lǐng)域都要大力降低成本和費(fèi)用。所有機(jī)關(guān)、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位，都要精打細(xì)算，禁止各種不必要的開(kāi)支。今年，各地區(qū)、各部門(mén)、各單位都要提出杜絕浪費(fèi)、節(jié)省開(kāi)支的具體目標(biāo)和措施。三要嚴(yán)肅財(cái)經(jīng)紀(jì)律。推行國(guó)庫(kù)集中收付制度，強(qiáng)化各級(jí)財(cái)政預(yù)算、審計(jì)監(jiān)督、財(cái)政專(zhuān)戶(hù)管理。完善超預(yù)算收入的管理。嚴(yán)厲查處設(shè)立小金庫(kù)和各種違反規(guī)定亂花錢(qián)的行為。

各級(jí)政府要自覺(jué)接受同級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)及其常委會(huì)的監(jiān)督，主動(dòng)加強(qiáng)與人民政協(xié)的聯(lián)系，認(rèn)真聽(tīng)取民主黨派、工商聯(lián)、無(wú)黨派人士和人民團(tuán)體的意見(jiàn)。進(jìn)一步健全民主決策制度，鼓勵(lì)人民群眾對(duì)政府機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員進(jìn)行監(jiān)督，拓寬及時(shí)反映社情民意的渠道，使政府工作能夠真正體現(xiàn)人民的意愿和利益。

在新的形勢(shì)下，保障國(guó)家安全，維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，具有十分重要的意義。要嚴(yán)密防范和依法堅(jiān)決打擊境內(nèi)外敵對(duì)勢(shì)力的破壞活動(dòng)，嚴(yán)厲打擊恐怖勢(shì)力、宗教極端勢(shì)力、民族分裂勢(shì)力的犯罪活動(dòng)。繼續(xù)開(kāi)展同“法輪功”等邪教組織的斗爭(zhēng)。深入開(kāi)展“嚴(yán)打”整治斗爭(zhēng)，依法嚴(yán)厲打擊各種刑事犯罪活動(dòng)和黑惡勢(shì)力，大力整頓社會(huì)治安混亂的地方和場(chǎng)所，使社會(huì)治安狀況有明顯進(jìn)步。堅(jiān)持打防結(jié)合，預(yù)防為主，全面落實(shí)綜合治理的各項(xiàng)措施，積極構(gòu)建社會(huì)治安防控體系。建立政法公安經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)社區(qū)建設(shè)和管理，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基層政權(quán)建設(shè)。正確處理新形勢(shì)下的人民內(nèi)部矛盾，把影響社會(huì)安定的因素化解在基層，消除在萌芽狀態(tài)。

加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)，維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一，是全國(guó)各族人民的根本利益所在。堅(jiān)持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度。全面貫徹黨的民族政策，鞏固和發(fā)展平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、互助的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系。積極支持和幫助少數(shù)民族地區(qū)加快發(fā)展。繼續(xù)實(shí)施“興邊富民行動(dòng)”。大力培養(yǎng)少數(shù)民族干部和各類(lèi)人才。貫徹黨的宗教信仰自由政策，依法加強(qiáng)宗教事務(wù)管理，積極引導(dǎo)宗教與社會(huì)主義社會(huì)相適應(yīng)。堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主自辦原則，加強(qiáng)愛(ài)國(guó)宗教力量的建設(shè)。認(rèn)真貫徹僑務(wù)政策，做好僑務(wù)工作。

加強(qiáng)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)，是維護(hù)國(guó)家安全和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)順利發(fā)展的重要保證。要按照“政治合格、軍事過(guò)硬、作風(fēng)優(yōu)良、紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明、保障有力”的總要求，以新時(shí)期積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針為統(tǒng)攬，堅(jiān)持科技強(qiáng)軍、從嚴(yán)治軍、勤儉建軍，注重質(zhì)量建設(shè)，提高軍隊(duì)的革命化、現(xiàn)代化、正規(guī)化水平，增強(qiáng)高技術(shù)條件下的防衛(wèi)作戰(zhàn)能力和應(yīng)付突發(fā)事件的能力。加快國(guó)防科技工業(yè)調(diào)整、改革和發(fā)展，提高科研水平和創(chuàng)新能力，推進(jìn)武器裝備建設(shè)。深化后勤保障改革，提高軍事經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和綜合保障能力。加強(qiáng)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)建設(shè)。完善國(guó)防動(dòng)員體制，加強(qiáng)民兵、預(yù)備役部隊(duì)建設(shè)。搞好國(guó)防教育，做好擁政愛(ài)民、擁軍優(yōu)屬工作，鞏固和發(fā)展軍政軍民團(tuán)結(jié)。

全面貫徹落實(shí)“一國(guó)兩制”方針和香港、澳門(mén)兩個(gè)基本法。維護(hù)香港、澳門(mén)長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定和繁榮發(fā)展，是我們堅(jiān)定不移的目標(biāo)。中央政府將繼續(xù)全力支持香港、澳門(mén)兩個(gè)特別行政區(qū)政府和行政長(zhǎng)官依法施政，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)內(nèi)地與香港、澳門(mén)的經(jīng)貿(mào)、科技、文化、教育等領(lǐng)域的交流和合作。我們對(duì)香港、澳門(mén)的前景滿(mǎn)懷信心。

在新的一年里，我們將堅(jiān)持“和平統(tǒng)一、一國(guó)兩制”的基本方針和江澤民主席關(guān)于解決臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題的八項(xiàng)主張，努力推動(dòng)兩岸關(guān)系朝著和平統(tǒng)一的方向發(fā)展。我們重申，世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó)，大陸與臺(tái)灣同屬一個(gè)中國(guó)，中國(guó)的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整不容分割。一個(gè)中國(guó)的原則是發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系、促進(jìn)祖國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)和前提。我們堅(jiān)持在一個(gè)中國(guó)原則的基礎(chǔ)上恢復(fù)兩岸對(duì)話(huà)與談判，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化交流，推動(dòng)兩岸關(guān)系發(fā)展，盡早實(shí)現(xiàn)直接“三通”。我們將一如既往地與堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)原則、主張發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系的臺(tái)灣各黨派、各界人士加強(qiáng)交往和對(duì)話(huà)。支持海外華僑華人反對(duì)“臺(tái)獨(dú)”、促進(jìn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的正義行動(dòng)。我們堅(jiān)信，祖國(guó)的完全統(tǒng)一大業(yè)一定能夠早日實(shí)現(xiàn)。

八、進(jìn)一步做好外交工作

２００１年，國(guó)際形勢(shì)變化起伏。但和平與發(fā)展作為時(shí)代的主題并未改變，世界多極化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)并未改變，我國(guó)面臨的國(guó)際環(huán)境仍然是機(jī)遇大于挑戰(zhàn)?？傮w和平、局部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，總體緩和、局部緊張，總體穩(wěn)定、局部動(dòng)蕩，將是今后一個(gè)時(shí)期國(guó)際局勢(shì)的基本態(tài)勢(shì)。

在國(guó)際風(fēng)云變幻的形勢(shì)下，我國(guó)外交工作進(jìn)一步開(kāi)創(chuàng)了新局面，國(guó)際地位和影響繼續(xù)提高。我國(guó)同廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)，與周邊國(guó)家的睦鄰友好合作關(guān)系全面發(fā)展。去年，我國(guó)同俄羅斯和中亞四國(guó)共同宣布建立“上海合作組織”；在第五次中國(guó)—東盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上，我國(guó)與東盟一致同意今后１０年內(nèi)逐步建立中國(guó)—東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。我國(guó)同朝鮮、韓國(guó)和南亞各國(guó)的關(guān)系穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。我國(guó)同非洲、拉美國(guó)家友好合作取得新的成果，與阿拉伯各國(guó)和其他伊斯蘭國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

我國(guó)與美國(guó)、俄羅斯、歐盟、日本的關(guān)系得到發(fā)展和改善。我們積極務(wù)實(shí)地參與國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)、裁軍等領(lǐng)域的多邊外交活動(dòng)，有力地捍衛(wèi)了我國(guó)的主權(quán)、獨(dú)立、領(lǐng)土完整、國(guó)家安全和民族尊嚴(yán)。我國(guó)和國(guó)際社會(huì)一道共同譴責(zé)和反對(duì)恐怖主義，在國(guó)際反恐怖斗爭(zhēng)中發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用。

在新的一年，我們要繼續(xù)奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國(guó)家的團(tuán)結(jié)與合作；進(jìn)一步鞏固和深化與周邊國(guó)家的睦鄰友好合作關(guān)系；繼續(xù)改善和發(fā)展同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的關(guān)系。積極參與聯(lián)合國(guó)和其他國(guó)際事務(wù)，同世界各國(guó)人民一道，致力于和平、發(fā)展與進(jìn)步的事業(yè)，反對(duì)霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，反對(duì)一切形式的恐怖主義，推動(dòng)建立公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序，為維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同繁榮作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

各位代表!

今年政府工作的任務(wù)相當(dāng)繁重，我們肩負(fù)的責(zé)任重大而光榮。讓我們更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在以江澤民同志為核心的黨中央周?chē)?，高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，按照“三個(gè)代表”的要求，以與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、奮發(fā)有為的精神風(fēng)貌，堅(jiān)定信心，知難而進(jìn)，扎實(shí)工作，為奪取改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的新勝利而努力奮斗!

第二篇：政府工作報(bào)告——2001年3月5日在第九屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第四次會(huì)議上(朱镕基)

2001年政府工作報(bào)告

——2001年3月5日在第九屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第四次會(huì)議上

國(guó)務(wù)院總理朱镕基

各位代表：

從今年開(kāi)始，我國(guó)將實(shí)施新世紀(jì)第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨十五屆五中全會(huì)通過(guò)的《中共中央關(guān)于制定國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃的建議》，提出了未來(lái)五年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的奮斗目標(biāo)、指導(dǎo)方針和主要任務(wù)。根據(jù)《建議》的精神，國(guó)務(wù)院認(rèn)真聽(tīng)取各方面意見(jiàn)，制定了《中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十個(gè)五年計(jì)劃綱要（草案）》?，F(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院向大會(huì)作報(bào)告，請(qǐng)各位代表連同《綱要（草案）》一并審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見(jiàn)。

一、“九五”時(shí)期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的回顧

過(guò)去五年，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗，開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新，各個(gè)方面取得了重大成就。

國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展，綜合國(guó)力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值2000年達(dá)89404億元，平均每年增長(zhǎng)8.3％。人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番的任務(wù)，已經(jīng)超額完成。在經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和效益改善的基礎(chǔ)上，2000年國(guó)家財(cái)政收入達(dá)13380億元，平均每年增長(zhǎng)16.5％。主要工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量位居世界前列，商品短缺狀況基本結(jié)束。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得積極進(jìn)展。糧食等主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力明顯提高，實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給由長(zhǎng)期短缺到總量基本平衡、豐年有余的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。淘汰落后和壓縮過(guò)剩工業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力取得成效，重點(diǎn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造不斷推進(jìn)。信息產(chǎn)業(yè)等高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長(zhǎng)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)成績(jī)顯著，能源、交通、通信和原材料的“瓶頸”制約得到緩解。

經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革全面推進(jìn)，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制初步建立。國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度的改革取得重要進(jìn)展。大多數(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行了公司制改革，其中相當(dāng)一部分在境內(nèi)外上市。企業(yè)扭虧增盈成效顯著，2000年國(guó)有及國(guó)有控股工業(yè)企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)2392億元，為1997年的2.9倍。國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)改革和脫困的三年目標(biāo)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)。在公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的同時(shí)，私營(yíng)、個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)有了較快發(fā)展。市場(chǎng)體系建設(shè)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，資本、技術(shù)和勞動(dòng)力等要素市場(chǎng)迅速發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用明顯增強(qiáng)。財(cái)稅體制繼續(xù)完善。金融改革步伐加快。城鎮(zhèn)住房制度、社會(huì)保障制度和政府機(jī)構(gòu)等方面改革取得重大進(jìn)展。國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控體系進(jìn)一步健全。

對(duì)外開(kāi)放水平不斷提高，全方位對(duì)外開(kāi)放格局基本形成。對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)體制改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展。2000年進(jìn)出口總額達(dá)4743億美元，其中出口2492億美元，分別比1995年增長(zhǎng)69％和67％。出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)改善，機(jī)電產(chǎn)品和高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品所占比重提高。對(duì)外開(kāi)放領(lǐng)域逐步擴(kuò)大，投資環(huán)境繼續(xù)改善。吸收外資規(guī)模增大、質(zhì)量提高。五年累計(jì)實(shí)際利用外資2894億美元，比“八五”時(shí)期增長(zhǎng)79.6％。國(guó)家外匯儲(chǔ)備2000年底達(dá)1656億美元，比1995年底增加920億美元。

人民生活繼續(xù)改善，總體上達(dá)到小康水平。農(nóng)村居民人均純收入和城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入，2000年分別達(dá)到2253元和6280元，平均每年實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)4.7％和5.7％。市場(chǎng)商品豐富，居民消費(fèi)水平不斷提高，社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額平均每年增長(zhǎng)10.6％。城鄉(xiāng)居民住房、電信和用電等生活條件有較大改善。居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款余額五年增長(zhǎng)1倍多，股票、債券等其他金融資產(chǎn)迅速增加。農(nóng)村貧困人口大幅度減少，“八七”扶貧攻堅(jiān)目標(biāo)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)。

科技、教育加快發(fā)展，社會(huì)事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步?！?63”計(jì)劃順利實(shí)施。航空航天、信息、新材料和生物工程等高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域獲得一批重要成果?；A(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究取得新進(jìn)展。部門(mén)所屬應(yīng)用型科研院所企業(yè)化改革基本完成，其他科研院所體制改革全面展開(kāi)。科技成果市場(chǎng)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程加快。各級(jí)各類(lèi)教育全面發(fā)展?；酒占熬拍炅x務(wù)教育和基本掃除青壯年文盲的目標(biāo)初步實(shí)現(xiàn)。高等教育管理體制改革取得重大進(jìn)展。擴(kuò)大高校招生受到群眾普遍歡迎。人口和計(jì)劃生育工作取得新成績(jī)。生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的力度明顯加大。文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)繼續(xù)發(fā)展。廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)不斷取得成效。社會(huì)治安綜合治理進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)和民主法制建設(shè)取得新的進(jìn)展。國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)邁出新的步伐。

“九五”期間，我國(guó)政府恢復(fù)對(duì)香港、澳門(mén)行使主權(quán)，祖國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)取得歷史性進(jìn)展。香港、澳門(mén)回歸祖國(guó)以來(lái)，“一國(guó)兩制”方針和基本法得到全面貫徹執(zhí)行。特別行政區(qū)政府工作卓有成效，香港、澳門(mén)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

隨著“九五”計(jì)劃的完成，我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)第二步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，為實(shí)施“十五”計(jì)劃、開(kāi)始邁向第三步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。這是我國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)取得的偉大成就，是中華民族發(fā)展史上一個(gè)新的里程碑。

“九五”時(shí)期經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的巨大成就，是克服重重困難取得的，來(lái)之不易。我們成功應(yīng)對(duì)了國(guó)際突發(fā)事件的挑戰(zhàn)，有效抵御了亞洲金融危機(jī)的沖擊，既克服“九五”前期通貨膨脹的影響，又抑制了中后期的通貨緊縮趨勢(shì)，并戰(zhàn)勝了嚴(yán)重的水旱災(zāi)害。這些成就的取得，是以江澤民同志為核心的黨中央面對(duì)諸多矛盾和困難交織的局面，運(yùn)籌帷幄，及時(shí)作出一系列正確決策和部署，全國(guó)上下團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果。我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域和崗位上辛勤勞動(dòng)、作出貢獻(xiàn)的全國(guó)各族人民致以崇高敬意！向關(guān)心與支持祖國(guó)建設(shè)和統(tǒng)一的香港特別行政區(qū)、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)同胞和臺(tái)灣同胞以及海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝！

“九五”時(shí)期的實(shí)踐，豐富了我們按照發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求，加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)管理與調(diào)控的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

第一，堅(jiān)持用發(fā)展的辦法解決前進(jìn)中的問(wèn)題。發(fā)展是硬道理。面對(duì)各種社會(huì)矛盾，我們始終抓住經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個(gè)中心，采取有效措施促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速健康發(fā)展，從而為處理好其他矛盾提供了基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)，堅(jiān)持兩手抓、兩手都要硬的方針，不斷加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)和民主法制建設(shè)，為集中精力從事經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)創(chuàng)造了良好的政治社會(huì)環(huán)境，并提供強(qiáng)大的精神動(dòng)力。

第二，根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變化，適時(shí)調(diào)整宏觀調(diào)控政策取向和力度。在治理通貨膨脹時(shí)，注意保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)“軟著陸”。在抑制通貨緊縮趨勢(shì)時(shí)，堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的方針，果斷實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策，并在實(shí)踐中不斷完善各項(xiàng)政策措施。既增發(fā)國(guó)債、擴(kuò)大投資，又適當(dāng)增加城鎮(zhèn)中低收入居民的收入，鼓勵(lì)增加消費(fèi)，從兩個(gè)方面拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。采取提高出口退稅率和嚴(yán)厲打擊走私等措施，千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大出口，以平衡國(guó)際收支，穩(wěn)定人民幣幣值。實(shí)行穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，運(yùn)用利率等多種手段支持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)注意調(diào)節(jié)貨幣供應(yīng)量，引導(dǎo)信貸投向，防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

第三，把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)緊密結(jié)合起來(lái)。根據(jù)一般加工工業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力普遍過(guò)剩的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，把國(guó)債投資重點(diǎn)放在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)方面，同時(shí)增加對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)和科技、教育的投入，支持企業(yè)技術(shù)改造。利用生產(chǎn)資料生產(chǎn)能力相對(duì)富余的時(shí)機(jī)，辦成了一些多年想辦而沒(méi)有辦成的大事，既拉動(dòng)當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，又增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展后勁。

第四，正確處理改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。在復(fù)雜、困難的情況下，改革沒(méi)有停滯，而是迎難而上，積極有序地向前推進(jìn)，有力推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。同時(shí)，始終注意使改革的力度同社會(huì)承受能力相適應(yīng)。在結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和改革深化不可避免地觸及深層利益關(guān)系時(shí)，高度重視和采取各種政策措施，維護(hù)廣大群眾的基本利益。大力實(shí)施再就業(yè)工程，確保國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)和離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放，堅(jiān)持按保護(hù)價(jià)敞開(kāi)收購(gòu)農(nóng)民余糧，從總體上維護(hù)了社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。

在充分肯定成績(jī)的同時(shí)，也要清醒地看到，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活中還存在不少問(wèn)題。主要是：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)；國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)整體素質(zhì)不高，國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不強(qiáng)；社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制尚不完善，阻礙生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的體制因素仍很突出；科技、教育比較落后，科技創(chuàng)新能力較弱；水、石油等重要資源短缺，部分地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化；就業(yè)壓力加大，農(nóng)民和城鎮(zhèn)部分居民收入增長(zhǎng)緩慢，收入差距拉大；一些領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序相當(dāng)混亂，重大安全事故時(shí)有發(fā)生；貪污腐敗、奢侈浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象和形式主義、官僚主義作風(fēng)還比較嚴(yán)重；一些地方社會(huì)治安狀況不好。這些問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因比較復(fù)雜，不少也同我們工作中的缺點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤有關(guān)。我們必須高度重視，進(jìn)一步采取措施，努力加以解決。

二、“十五”期間的奮斗目標(biāo)和指導(dǎo)方針

展望新世紀(jì)初的國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)，未來(lái)五到十年，是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展極為重要的時(shí)期。世界新科技革命迅猛發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)增強(qiáng)，許多國(guó)家積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，周邊國(guó)家正在加快發(fā)展。國(guó)際環(huán)境既對(duì)我們提出了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，也為我們提供了迎頭趕上、實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展的歷史性機(jī)遇。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，我們正處在經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，改革處于攻堅(jiān)階段，加入世貿(mào)組織又會(huì)帶來(lái)一些新的問(wèn)題。各方面任務(wù)十分繁重，許多深層次矛盾需要解決，形勢(shì)要求我們必須抓住機(jī)遇，加快發(fā)展。同時(shí)，我們也具備許多有利條件，能夠在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)較快發(fā)展。

根據(jù)“十五”期間的形勢(shì)和任務(wù)，《綱要》提出今后五年經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要目標(biāo)是：國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)保持較快發(fā)展速度，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整取得明顯成效，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益顯著提高，為到2010年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻一番奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)；國(guó)有企業(yè)建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度取得重大進(jìn)展，社會(huì)保障制度比較健全，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制逐步完善，對(duì)外開(kāi)放和國(guó)際合作進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展；就業(yè)渠道拓寬，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入持續(xù)增加，物質(zhì)文化生活有較大改善，生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)得到加強(qiáng)；科技、教育加快發(fā)展，國(guó)民素質(zhì)進(jìn)一步提高，精神文明建設(shè)和民主法制建設(shè)取得明顯進(jìn)展。

“十五”計(jì)劃《綱要》，體現(xiàn)了以下重要指導(dǎo)方針。堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展作為主題。強(qiáng)調(diào)速度與效益相統(tǒng)一，在提高效益的前提下實(shí)現(xiàn)較快的發(fā)展。有市場(chǎng)、有效益的速度，才是真正的發(fā)展，才是硬道理。綜合考慮各方面因素，“十五”期間年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度預(yù)期目標(biāo)為7％左右。這個(gè)速度雖然比“九五”實(shí)際達(dá)到的速度低一點(diǎn)，但仍然是一個(gè)較高的速度。要在提高效益的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，必須付出艱巨努力。同時(shí)，由于國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)都存在一些不確定因素，計(jì)劃的預(yù)期目標(biāo)要留有余地。這樣，有利于引導(dǎo)各方面把主要精力放在調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)和提高效益上，也有利于防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱和重復(fù)建設(shè)。

堅(jiān)持把結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整作為主線(xiàn)。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)到了不調(diào)整就不能發(fā)展的時(shí)候。按原有結(jié)構(gòu)和粗放增長(zhǎng)方式發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，不僅產(chǎn)品沒(méi)有市場(chǎng)，資源、環(huán)境也難以承受。必須在發(fā)展中調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)，在結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中保持較快發(fā)展。今后五年要著力調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)和城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)，特別要把產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整作為關(guān)鍵。要鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位，加快工業(yè)改組改造和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)，大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)，加快國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)信息化，繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。

堅(jiān)持把改革開(kāi)放和科技進(jìn)步作為動(dòng)力。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，都要靠體制創(chuàng)新和科技創(chuàng)新來(lái)推動(dòng)。今后五年要堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革，擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，突破影響生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的體制性障礙，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。要把發(fā)展科技、教育放在突出位置，進(jìn)一步實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略，振興科技，培養(yǎng)人才，促進(jìn)科技、教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合。

堅(jiān)持把提高人民生活水平作為根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)。不斷改善城鄉(xiāng)人民生活，既是我們發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本目的，也是擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的迫切需要。要堅(jiān)持把提高人民生活水平擺在重要位置，擴(kuò)大就業(yè)門(mén)路，增加居民收入，合理調(diào)節(jié)收入分配關(guān)系，健全社會(huì)保障體系，保證人民群眾向更加寬裕的小康生活邁進(jìn)。

堅(jiān)持把經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)發(fā)展結(jié)合起來(lái)。大力加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)和民主法制建設(shè)，處理好改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系，促進(jìn)各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)發(fā)展，確保社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。高度重視和認(rèn)真解決人口、資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題，進(jìn)一步實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、生態(tài)環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

“十五”計(jì)劃《綱要》突出了戰(zhàn)略性、宏觀性、政策性，減少實(shí)物指標(biāo)，增加反映結(jié)構(gòu)變化的預(yù)期指標(biāo)；圍繞要解決的主要問(wèn)題和重點(diǎn)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域，提出努力方向和相應(yīng)的政策措施。強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施要充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的作用，政府宏觀調(diào)控要更多地運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿、經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和法律手段。在計(jì)劃制定方法上，力求提高社會(huì)參與度，使計(jì)劃制定過(guò)程成為發(fā)揚(yáng)民主、集思廣益的過(guò)程，成為各有關(guān)方面達(dá)成共識(shí)的過(guò)程。

三、加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位，努力增加農(nóng)民收入

農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問(wèn)題是關(guān)系改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)全局的重大問(wèn)題。“十五”期間要把全面貫徹黨在農(nóng)村的基本政策，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位和增加農(nóng)民收入，作為經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的首要任務(wù)，著重抓好以下幾項(xiàng)工作。

加快農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。這是提高農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，增加農(nóng)民收入的根本途徑。在切實(shí)保護(hù)耕地，穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn)能力的同時(shí)，以?xún)?yōu)化品種、提高質(zhì)量、增加效益為中心，積極調(diào)整種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，加快發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)、林業(yè)、水產(chǎn)業(yè)。發(fā)揮各地農(nóng)業(yè)的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，合理調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的區(qū)域布局，發(fā)展特色農(nóng)業(yè)，形成規(guī)模化、專(zhuān)業(yè)化的生產(chǎn)格局，提高商品率。大力促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)，扶持龍頭企業(yè)，推廣“公司加農(nóng)戶(hù)”、“訂單農(nóng)業(yè)”等多種形式，發(fā)展農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工、儲(chǔ)運(yùn)、保鮮等產(chǎn)業(yè)，提高農(nóng)業(yè)的后續(xù)效益。引導(dǎo)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和體制創(chuàng)新。發(fā)展小城鎮(zhèn)，繁榮小城鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化，拓寬農(nóng)民的就業(yè)空間和增收渠道。大力推進(jìn)科教興農(nóng)，加強(qiáng)生物技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)等高新技術(shù)的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用，推廣優(yōu)良品種和先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)，積極扶持農(nóng)業(yè)科技產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)信息、食品安全和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與檢測(cè)體系。調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)要因地制宜，依據(jù)市場(chǎng)規(guī)律，維護(hù)農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)自主權(quán)，不搞強(qiáng)迫命令。

積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)村各項(xiàng)改革。在長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定土地承包關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，鼓勵(lì)有條件的地區(qū)積極探索土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度改革。根據(jù)糧食生產(chǎn)和流通的新情況，繼續(xù)深化糧食流通體制改革。在適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大中央儲(chǔ)備糧規(guī)模的同時(shí)，糧食主銷(xiāo)區(qū)要加快糧食流通市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程，通過(guò)與糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)建立長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的購(gòu)銷(xiāo)關(guān)系，以及中央儲(chǔ)備糧的輪換與調(diào)控，保證糧食需要。糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持“三項(xiàng)政策、一項(xiàng)改革”，按保護(hù)價(jià)敞開(kāi)收購(gòu)農(nóng)民余糧，中央財(cái)政繼續(xù)給予資金支持，以充分發(fā)揮其糧食生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。這樣做，既可為主產(chǎn)區(qū)騰出糧食銷(xiāo)售市場(chǎng)，促進(jìn)糧價(jià)合理回升，也有利于推進(jìn)主銷(xiāo)區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，全面增加農(nóng)民收入。要保護(hù)好基本農(nóng)田，決不允許擅自將耕地改為非農(nóng)用地，這是一條不可逾越的“紅線(xiàn)”。推進(jìn)農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)制度改革，取消鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、村提留和其他面向農(nóng)民征收的一切行政性收費(fèi)，同時(shí)適當(dāng)提高現(xiàn)行農(nóng)業(yè)稅和農(nóng)業(yè)特產(chǎn)稅稅率。這是保障農(nóng)民合法權(quán)益，減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)的治本之策。要在總結(jié)安徽省試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，加快改革步伐。同稅費(fèi)改革相結(jié)合，精簡(jiǎn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)，裁減人員，減少村組干部補(bǔ)貼人數(shù)；有條件的地方，適度撤并鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)。繼續(xù)深化農(nóng)村金融改革，積極探索適應(yīng)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求的農(nóng)村金融體系。因地制宜加快農(nóng)村信用社管理體制改革，關(guān)鍵是要明確產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系，完善法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)，落實(shí)防范和化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任。農(nóng)村信用社要堅(jiān)持為農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民服務(wù)的方向，加強(qiáng)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理，充分發(fā)揮在農(nóng)村金融中的主力軍和聯(lián)系農(nóng)民的金融紐帶作用。農(nóng)業(yè)銀行和其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)要加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的支持。深化農(nóng)村供銷(xiāo)社改革。

加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。進(jìn)一步增加投入，加快大江大河大湖治理，抓緊主要江河控制性工程建設(shè)和病險(xiǎn)水庫(kù)加固，提高防洪調(diào)蓄能力。著力抓好大型灌區(qū)節(jié)水工程改造，積極開(kāi)展群眾性農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，搞好水土保持。加強(qiáng)國(guó)家商品糧和優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品基地建設(shè)，搞好農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開(kāi)發(fā)。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)、通信、廣播電視、道路、供水等設(shè)施建設(shè)，切實(shí)改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)、生活和市場(chǎng)條件。

繼續(xù)搞好農(nóng)村扶貧工作。“八七”扶貧攻堅(jiān)任務(wù)雖已基本完成，但從根本上改變貧困地區(qū)面貌，仍是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期而艱巨的任務(wù)。要繼續(xù)加大扶貧力度，重點(diǎn)做好中西部少數(shù)民族地區(qū)、革命老區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和特困地區(qū)的扶貧工作。堅(jiān)持開(kāi)發(fā)式扶貧，多方面增加扶貧資金投入，擴(kuò)大以工代賑規(guī)模，支持貧困地區(qū)加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。

四、大力推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)

產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和升級(jí)，是經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整的重點(diǎn)，要突出以下幾個(gè)方面。

用高新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。要把傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的改組改造放在重要位置，以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向，以企業(yè)為主體，以技術(shù)進(jìn)步為支撐，抓好幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。一是圍繞增加品種、改善質(zhì)量、節(jié)能降耗、防治污染和提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，在能源、冶金、化工、輕紡、機(jī)械、汽車(chē)、建材及建筑等行業(yè)，支持一批重點(diǎn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造，切實(shí)提高工藝和裝備水平。二是通過(guò)自主創(chuàng)新和引進(jìn)技術(shù)，加快對(duì)推動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的共性技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和配套技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)。振興裝備制造業(yè)，開(kāi)發(fā)制造急需的大型高效和先進(jìn)成套技術(shù)裝備。三是通過(guò)上市、兼并、聯(lián)合、重組等形式，在主要行業(yè)形成若干擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、主業(yè)突出、核心能力強(qiáng)的大公司和企業(yè)集團(tuán)，使之成為調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、促進(jìn)升級(jí)的骨干和依托。四是積極支持和促進(jìn)老工業(yè)基地改造，充分發(fā)揮其基礎(chǔ)雄厚、人才聚集的優(yōu)勢(shì)，努力提高產(chǎn)業(yè)水平。以資源開(kāi)采為主的城市和大礦區(qū)，要因地制宜發(fā)展接續(xù)和替代產(chǎn)業(yè)。

與此同時(shí)，要綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和必要的行政手段，繼續(xù)依法關(guān)閉產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量低劣、浪費(fèi)資源、污染嚴(yán)重、不具備安全生產(chǎn)條件的廠礦，淘汰落后和壓縮過(guò)剩生產(chǎn)能力，并嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)移重建。長(zhǎng)期虧損、資不抵債、扭虧無(wú)望的企業(yè)和資源枯竭的礦山，要實(shí)施破產(chǎn)關(guān)閉。積極疏通和逐步規(guī)范企業(yè)退出市場(chǎng)的通道。

發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，以信息化帶動(dòng)工業(yè)化。從實(shí)際出發(fā)，有選擇地加快信息技術(shù)、生物工程和新材料等高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。重點(diǎn)支持建設(shè)高速寬帶信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、關(guān)鍵集成電路、新型運(yùn)載火箭等重大高技術(shù)工程，形成我國(guó)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的群體優(yōu)勢(shì)和局部強(qiáng)勢(shì)。加快發(fā)展信息產(chǎn)品制造業(yè)，提高自主開(kāi)發(fā)能力和系統(tǒng)集成能力。積極發(fā)展軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。加強(qiáng)信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。要在企業(yè)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和生產(chǎn)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)、社會(huì)公共服務(wù)、政府行政管理等方面廣泛應(yīng)用數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化技術(shù)，把工業(yè)化和信息化更好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。

加強(qiáng)水利、交通、能源等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，高度重視資源戰(zhàn)略問(wèn)題。水資源短缺，是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的嚴(yán)重制約因素。要把節(jié)水放在突出位置，建立合理的水資源管理體制和水價(jià)形成機(jī)制，全面推行各種節(jié)水技術(shù)和措施，發(fā)展節(jié)水型產(chǎn)業(yè)，建立節(jié)水型社會(huì)。加強(qiáng)水污染防治，搞好污水處理和利用。加緊南水北調(diào)等重大項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)。要加強(qiáng)公路、鐵路、港口、航道、機(jī)場(chǎng)、管道系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)，建立健全暢通、安全、便捷的現(xiàn)代綜合運(yùn)輸體系。能源特別是石油問(wèn)題，是資源戰(zhàn)略的一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題。國(guó)內(nèi)石油開(kāi)發(fā)和生產(chǎn)不能適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要，供需矛盾日益突出。必須千方百計(jì)節(jié)約和替代石油，加快石油和天然氣勘探與開(kāi)發(fā)，積極利用國(guó)外資源，并盡快建立石油等戰(zhàn)略資源的儲(chǔ)備制度。積極推進(jìn)大型煤礦改造，建設(shè)高產(chǎn)高效礦井，重視潔凈煤技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)利用。充分利用現(xiàn)有發(fā)電能力，積極發(fā)展水電、坑口大機(jī)組火電，壓縮小火電，適度發(fā)展核電。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)建設(shè)和改造，推進(jìn)全國(guó)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。深化電力體制改革，逐步推進(jìn)廠網(wǎng)分開(kāi)、競(jìng)價(jià)上網(wǎng)。重視發(fā)展各種新能源。

加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)。這是促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)和增加就業(yè)的重要途徑。積極發(fā)展信息、金融、會(huì)計(jì)、咨詢(xún)、法律服務(wù)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，提高服務(wù)業(yè)整體水平。運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營(yíng)方式和服務(wù)技術(shù)，改造商貿(mào)流通、交通運(yùn)輸、市政服務(wù)等傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)業(yè)，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量和效益。發(fā)展面向居民消費(fèi)的房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、社區(qū)服務(wù)、旅游、餐飲、娛樂(lè)、健身等產(chǎn)業(yè)，增加服務(wù)內(nèi)容。要深化改革和采取必要的政策措施，形成有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的環(huán)境。

五、實(shí)施西部大開(kāi)發(fā)，促進(jìn)地區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展

實(shí)施西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略，加快中西部地區(qū)發(fā)展，是我國(guó)邁向現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)第三步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的重要部署?！笆濉逼陂g要突出重點(diǎn)，搞好開(kāi)局，著重加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)，力爭(zhēng)五到十年內(nèi)取得突破性進(jìn)展，同時(shí)使科技、教育有較大發(fā)展。

要集中力量建設(shè)西氣東輸、西電東送、青藏鐵路等一批具有戰(zhàn)略意義的重大項(xiàng)目。把水資源的保護(hù)、節(jié)約和開(kāi)發(fā)放在突出位置，加強(qiáng)規(guī)劃，合理配置，努力提高水的利用效率。有步驟而因地制宜推進(jìn)天然林保護(hù)、退耕還林還草以及防沙治沙、草原保護(hù)等重要工程的建設(shè)，注意發(fā)揮生態(tài)的自我修復(fù)能力，逐步建成我國(guó)西部牢固的綠色生態(tài)屏障。積極發(fā)展教育事業(yè)，加快培養(yǎng)急需的各類(lèi)人才。增加科技投入，提高科技開(kāi)發(fā)能力。要從各地實(shí)際出發(fā)，調(diào)整和優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)，加快資源優(yōu)勢(shì)向經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化，培育和形成各具特色的地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)。西部開(kāi)發(fā)要依托亞歐大陸橋、長(zhǎng)江水道、西南出海通道等主要交通干線(xiàn)，發(fā)揮中心城市的集聚功能和輻射作用，以線(xiàn)串點(diǎn)，以點(diǎn)帶面，培育西隴海蘭新線(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、長(zhǎng)江上游經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和南（寧）貴（陽(yáng)）昆（明）等經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，帶動(dòng)周?chē)貐^(qū)發(fā)展。

國(guó)務(wù)院已頒布重點(diǎn)支持西部大開(kāi)發(fā)的政策措施，國(guó)家將增加對(duì)西部地區(qū)的投入和財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付。西部地區(qū)要立足于主要依靠自己的力量，發(fā)揚(yáng)艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)精神，作好長(zhǎng)期奮斗的準(zhǔn)備；加快改革開(kāi)放步伐，營(yíng)造良好的投資環(huán)境，更多更好地吸引境內(nèi)外資金、技術(shù)和人才參與西部開(kāi)發(fā)。要加強(qiáng)干部交流。

中部地區(qū)要發(fā)揮區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)和綜合資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展步伐。以主要水陸交通干線(xiàn)地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，發(fā)揮中心城市作用，積極培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶。鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)。加大用高新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的力度，提高技術(shù)水平和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。

東部沿海地區(qū)要面向國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)，加快科技進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新，著力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合素質(zhì)和國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，有條件的地區(qū)要率先基本實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。要采取多種形式，加強(qiáng)與中部、西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作，支持和帶動(dòng)中西部經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，拓展東部結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的空間。

六、落實(shí)科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略，大力開(kāi)發(fā)人才資源

這是《綱要》的重要內(nèi)容，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)今后五年各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的重要保證。

促進(jìn)科技進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新，為結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。一要積極推進(jìn)具有戰(zhàn)略意義的高技術(shù)研究，力爭(zhēng)在一些關(guān)系國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈和國(guó)家安全的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)領(lǐng)域取得突破。努力提高自主創(chuàng)新能力，促進(jìn)高新技術(shù)成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化。二要為傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)提供技術(shù)支持。重點(diǎn)在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工及轉(zhuǎn)化、裝備制造、節(jié)水節(jié)能、紡織品后整理等方面的技術(shù)取得進(jìn)展，加快高新技術(shù)向傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)滲透。三要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究，提高科技持續(xù)創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域的前沿性交叉性研究。選擇我國(guó)具有優(yōu)勢(shì)和對(duì)發(fā)展有重大意義的領(lǐng)域，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究，力爭(zhēng)在基因組學(xué)、信息科學(xué)、納米科學(xué)、生態(tài)科學(xué)和地球科學(xué)等方面取得新進(jìn)展。促進(jìn)自然科學(xué)與社會(huì)科學(xué)的交叉融合，推動(dòng)管理科學(xué)發(fā)展。重視發(fā)展哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)，推進(jìn)理論創(chuàng)新。

加快科技體制改革步伐，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合。加強(qiáng)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)。推動(dòng)企業(yè)成為技術(shù)進(jìn)步和創(chuàng)新的主體。繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)類(lèi)科研院所進(jìn)入企業(yè)或改制為企業(yè)。積極推進(jìn)社會(huì)公益類(lèi)科研院所改革。培育和形成一批具有國(guó)際影響的科研機(jī)構(gòu)。發(fā)展社會(huì)化的科技中介服務(wù)業(yè)。完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資機(jī)制，建立創(chuàng)業(yè)板股票市場(chǎng)，支持中小企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。加大國(guó)家和社會(huì)對(duì)科技的投入。加強(qiáng)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)。

堅(jiān)持教育適度超前發(fā)展，為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展服務(wù)。發(fā)展教育，要面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來(lái)，著力推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育，促進(jìn)學(xué)生德、智、體、美全面發(fā)展。鞏固基本普及九年義務(wù)教育和基本掃除青壯年文盲的成果，加快高中階段教育和高等教育的發(fā)展，重點(diǎn)建設(shè)一批高水平大學(xué)和學(xué)科。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，建立職業(yè)教育與普通教育相互溝通的教育體系。發(fā)展成人教育和多種形式的繼續(xù)教育，逐步形成終身教育體系。重視發(fā)展兒童早期教育。利用信息技術(shù)發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)程教育。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的要求，繼續(xù)調(diào)整教育結(jié)構(gòu)和布局，優(yōu)化專(zhuān)業(yè)設(shè)置，更新教材，改革課程體系、考試評(píng)價(jià)制度和教學(xué)方法，提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。加強(qiáng)德育，尤其要重視青少年的品德教育，改進(jìn)學(xué)校思想政治工作。搞好教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，全面提高教師的思想和業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)。

深化辦學(xué)體制和教育管理體制改革。依法落實(shí)高校辦學(xué)自主權(quán)，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)高校后勤服務(wù)社會(huì)化。鼓勵(lì)、支持和規(guī)范社會(huì)力量辦學(xué)。增加國(guó)家和社會(huì)對(duì)教育的投入。適應(yīng)農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革后的新情況，縣級(jí)政府要負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的統(tǒng)籌，落實(shí)教師工資統(tǒng)一發(fā)放的措施。中央財(cái)政和省級(jí)財(cái)政要加大對(duì)困難地區(qū)、民族地區(qū)教育的轉(zhuǎn)移支付和專(zhuān)項(xiàng)投入。健全獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、助學(xué)金和助學(xué)貸款等制度。采取有力措施，切實(shí)制止學(xué)校亂收費(fèi)。

實(shí)施人才戰(zhàn)略，把培養(yǎng)、吸引和用好人才作為一項(xiàng)重大任務(wù)。著眼于現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)全局和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)和造就堅(jiān)持走有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，有較高政治理論素養(yǎng)和開(kāi)拓精神，掌握現(xiàn)代科學(xué)文化和管理知識(shí)，并經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)踐考驗(yàn)的高素質(zhì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人才隊(duì)伍。培養(yǎng)和造就具有公仆意識(shí)，廉潔、勤政、高素質(zhì)、專(zhuān)業(yè)化的公務(wù)員隊(duì)伍。培養(yǎng)和造就掌握先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)和管理知識(shí)、創(chuàng)新能力強(qiáng)、適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展需要的各類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍和企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者隊(duì)伍。重視培養(yǎng)具有世界前沿水平的學(xué)科帶頭人。普遍提高全體勞動(dòng)者的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)和勞動(dòng)技能。深化干部人事制度改革，建立和完善對(duì)各級(jí)各類(lèi)人才的選拔任用、考核評(píng)價(jià)、流動(dòng)配置、激勵(lì)監(jiān)督的制度，形成有利于人才輩出、人盡其才的機(jī)制。建立和完善人才市場(chǎng)。依法保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。吸引聘用海外高級(jí)專(zhuān)門(mén)人才。鼓勵(lì)留學(xué)人員回國(guó)工作或以適當(dāng)方式為祖國(guó)服務(wù)。

七、進(jìn)一步深化改革和擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放

要按照逐步完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的要求，積極推進(jìn)改革，擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放。

繼續(xù)深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革，使企業(yè)真正成為市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的主體。重點(diǎn)是加快建立和完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度。鼓勵(lì)國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)通過(guò)規(guī)范上市、中外合資和相互參股等形式，實(shí)行股份制，轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制。對(duì)關(guān)系國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈和國(guó)家安全的重要企業(yè)，國(guó)家必須控股；對(duì)其他企業(yè)，不必都要控股。積極探索國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理的有效形式。健全企業(yè)法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)。特別要建立和完善對(duì)國(guó)有企業(yè)的監(jiān)管機(jī)制，充分發(fā)揮監(jiān)事會(huì)的作用。深化企業(yè)人事、勞動(dòng)和分配制度改革，建立健全激勵(lì)機(jī)制和約束機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化科學(xué)管理。要結(jié)合產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，堅(jiān)持“有進(jìn)有退、有所為有所不為”的方針，推進(jìn)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)布局的戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整。繼續(xù)放開(kāi)搞活國(guó)有中小企業(yè)。進(jìn)一步實(shí)行政企分開(kāi)，切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，減少行政性審批。發(fā)揮商會(huì)、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)等中介組織的作用。推進(jìn)電力、鐵路、民航、通信等行業(yè)管理體制改革，引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制。通過(guò)改革，使政府與企業(yè)的關(guān)系真正轉(zhuǎn)到符合社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)要求的軌道上來(lái)。繼續(xù)調(diào)整和完善所有制結(jié)構(gòu)。堅(jiān)持以公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)為主體，發(fā)揮國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)主導(dǎo)作用，發(fā)展多種形式的集體經(jīng)濟(jì)，支持、鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)私營(yíng)、個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展。

大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展市場(chǎng)體系。這既是保證當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)正常運(yùn)行的迫切需要，又是完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的重要舉措。要健全市場(chǎng)法律法規(guī)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法。完善市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督機(jī)制，運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代科技手段，加大監(jiān)管力度。堅(jiān)持不懈地打擊制售假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品、偷稅、騙稅、騙匯、走私等違法犯罪活動(dòng)。整頓建筑市場(chǎng)。整頓和規(guī)范金融秩序。嚴(yán)肅財(cái)經(jīng)紀(jì)律。加強(qiáng)審計(jì)監(jiān)督工作。規(guī)范社會(huì)中介機(jī)構(gòu)的行為。強(qiáng)化安全生產(chǎn)管理和安全監(jiān)察。打破部門(mén)、行業(yè)壟斷和地區(qū)封鎖，反對(duì)地方保護(hù)主義，盡快建立和完善全國(guó)統(tǒng)一、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、規(guī)范有序的市場(chǎng)體系。重點(diǎn)培育和發(fā)展要素市場(chǎng)，尤其是資本市場(chǎng)。大力倡導(dǎo)誠(chéng)實(shí)守信的職業(yè)道德，加快建立健全社會(huì)信用制度。

加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，繼續(xù)深化財(cái)稅、金融、投資體制改革。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)變化，實(shí)施相應(yīng)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。近期要繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策，帶動(dòng)投資和促進(jìn)消費(fèi)。全面推進(jìn)依法理財(cái)，強(qiáng)化稅收征管，嚴(yán)格財(cái)政監(jiān)督，加快稅費(fèi)改革和預(yù)算制度改革，健全稅制。調(diào)整和優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，逐步建立適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)要求的公共財(cái)政框架。在繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求和抑制通貨緊縮趨勢(shì)的情況下，注意防止可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱和通貨膨脹。繼續(xù)實(shí)行穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)貨幣供應(yīng)量，保持人民幣幣值穩(wěn)定。按照現(xiàn)代銀行制度對(duì)國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行進(jìn)行綜合改革，發(fā)揮政策性銀行功能，辦好中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)。規(guī)范和健全證券市場(chǎng)，保護(hù)投資者利益。進(jìn)一步發(fā)展保險(xiǎn)業(yè)。改善和強(qiáng)化金融監(jiān)管，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理考核制度和責(zé)任追究制度，改進(jìn)金融服務(wù)，努力提高金融資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量，防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。深化投資體制改革，全面實(shí)行投資項(xiàng)目法人責(zé)任制、招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制、工程監(jiān)理制、合同管理制，健全投資約束機(jī)制。

適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)，進(jìn)一步提高對(duì)外開(kāi)放水平。一要抓緊做好加入世貿(mào)組織的準(zhǔn)備和過(guò)渡期的各項(xiàng)工作。采取切實(shí)措施，轉(zhuǎn)變政府管理方式，提高企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。深化改革，健全符合國(guó)際通行規(guī)則和我國(guó)國(guó)情的對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易體制。加快修訂和完善相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)。抓緊培養(yǎng)熟悉國(guó)際貿(mào)易規(guī)則的專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。二要進(jìn)一步發(fā)展進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易。繼續(xù)實(shí)施以質(zhì)取勝、科技興貿(mào)戰(zhàn)略。優(yōu)化出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)，提高高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品比重，增加大宗傳統(tǒng)商品的技術(shù)含量和附加值，擴(kuò)大服務(wù)貿(mào)易規(guī)模。規(guī)范加工貿(mào)易管理，提高加工貿(mào)易的增值率。大力推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)多元化戰(zhàn)略，開(kāi)拓新的出口市場(chǎng)。同時(shí)，重點(diǎn)進(jìn)口國(guó)內(nèi)急需的先進(jìn)技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵設(shè)備和重要原材料。積極參與多邊貿(mào)易體系和國(guó)際區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。三要努力提高利用外資水平。有步驟地推進(jìn)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν忾_(kāi)放。鼓勵(lì)外商特別是跨國(guó)公司投資高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等領(lǐng)域，以及在我國(guó)建立研究開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)，參與國(guó)有企業(yè)的改組改造。支持有條件的企業(yè)到境外上市。進(jìn)一步改善投資環(huán)境。積極探索采用收購(gòu)、兼并、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資、投資基金和證券投資等形式，擴(kuò)大利用外資規(guī)模。積極引導(dǎo)外資更多地投向中西部地區(qū)。要繼續(xù)辦好經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、浦東新區(qū)。四要實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略。鼓勵(lì)有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的企業(yè)到境外投資，開(kāi)展加工貿(mào)易，合作開(kāi)發(fā)資源，發(fā)展國(guó)際工程承包，擴(kuò)大勞務(wù)出口等。建立和完善政策支持體系，為企業(yè)到境外投資興業(yè)創(chuàng)造條件。同時(shí)要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，防止國(guó)有資產(chǎn)流失。

八、不斷改善人民生活，完善社會(huì)保障制度

在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，使人民生活有較大改善，逐步向更加寬裕的小康生活邁進(jìn)，是今后五年的重要任務(wù)。

加快完善社會(huì)保障制度。這是關(guān)系改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定全局的大事。要確保國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)和離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放。同時(shí)，加快形成獨(dú)立于企業(yè)事業(yè)單位之外、資金來(lái)源多元化、保障制度規(guī)范化、管理服務(wù)社會(huì)化的社會(huì)保障體系。精心做好完善城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系的試點(diǎn)工作。完善社會(huì)統(tǒng)籌和個(gè)人帳戶(hù)相結(jié)合的城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度。健全失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活保障和失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)并軌。加強(qiáng)城市居民最低生活保障制度，關(guān)心困難群眾的生活。積極推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度、醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和藥品流通體制改革。鼓勵(lì)有條件的用人單位為職工建立補(bǔ)充養(yǎng)老和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，并發(fā)揮商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的作用。建立可靠、穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)保障資金籌措、有效運(yùn)營(yíng)和嚴(yán)格管理機(jī)制。發(fā)展社會(huì)福利、社會(huì)救濟(jì)、優(yōu)撫安置和社會(huì)互助等社會(huì)保障事業(yè)。切實(shí)保障婦女、未成年人、老年人、殘疾人的合法權(quán)益。支持殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展。

千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)?！笆濉逼陂g擴(kuò)大就業(yè)的任務(wù)十分繁重。在保持較快經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)，要重視發(fā)展有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，特別是發(fā)展就業(yè)容量大的服務(wù)業(yè)，積極發(fā)展集體企業(yè)和私營(yíng)、個(gè)體企業(yè)，努力增加就業(yè)崗位，拓寬就業(yè)渠道。加強(qiáng)社區(qū)建設(shè)，擴(kuò)大社區(qū)服務(wù)。發(fā)展靈活多樣的就業(yè)形式。引導(dǎo)人們轉(zhuǎn)變就業(yè)觀念，鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)和自謀職業(yè)。加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)建設(shè)，完善就業(yè)服務(wù)體系，發(fā)展職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，形成市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制。

不斷增加居民收入，特別是增加低收入者的收入。建立健全與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)相適應(yīng)的工資支付制度、最低工資制度和最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)整機(jī)制。各級(jí)財(cái)政要按照“一要吃飯、二要建設(shè)”的原則，保證機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位工作人員工資和離退休費(fèi)按時(shí)足額發(fā)放，逐步改善他們的工資待遇。深化收入分配制度改革。堅(jiān)持效率優(yōu)先、兼顧公平原則。認(rèn)真貫徹按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的制度，鼓勵(lì)資本、技術(shù)等生產(chǎn)要素參與收益分配。要提高國(guó)有企業(yè)高層管理人員、技術(shù)人員的工資報(bào)酬，充分體現(xiàn)他們的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值，可以試行年薪制。但同時(shí)要有嚴(yán)格的約束和監(jiān)督，不能不管工作好壞、企業(yè)效益高低，都照拿高薪。對(duì)不稱(chēng)職、瀆職的人要有相應(yīng)的制裁措施。對(duì)國(guó)有上市公司負(fù)責(zé)人和技術(shù)骨干，還可以試行期權(quán)制，但不能把國(guó)有資產(chǎn)量化給個(gè)人。加強(qiáng)對(duì)壟斷行業(yè)個(gè)人收入分配的監(jiān)管。要規(guī)范社會(huì)分配秩序，強(qiáng)化稅收對(duì)收入分配的調(diào)節(jié)功能，防止收入差距過(guò)分?jǐn)U大。

調(diào)整消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)，改善消費(fèi)環(huán)境。著力改善城鄉(xiāng)居民的住行條件。大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)適用住房，建立廉租房供應(yīng)保障體系。積極發(fā)展公共交通。加強(qiáng)城市綠化和城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，改善城鄉(xiāng)居民生活環(huán)境。發(fā)展社區(qū)衛(wèi)生預(yù)防保健，努力改善農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生服務(wù)條件。加強(qiáng)群眾性體育設(shè)施建設(shè)。

九、繼續(xù)實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

促進(jìn)人口、資源、環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，把實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略放在更突出的位置。

堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育基本國(guó)策。要努力保持低生育水平，促進(jìn)優(yōu)生優(yōu)育。重點(diǎn)做好農(nóng)村和流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育工作。建立計(jì)劃生育利益導(dǎo)向機(jī)制，繼續(xù)實(shí)行地方黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任制。加快人口與計(jì)劃生育法制建設(shè)。認(rèn)真做好老齡人口的工作，發(fā)展老齡事業(yè)。

保護(hù)和合理利用資源。依法保護(hù)和合理利用淡水、土地、能源等寶貴資源。逐步建立戰(zhàn)略性礦產(chǎn)資源儲(chǔ)備和安全供應(yīng)體系。加強(qiáng)對(duì)海洋資源的綜合開(kāi)發(fā)利用和保護(hù)。積極開(kāi)展資源回收利用，大力提高資源綜合利用率。健全資源的有償使用制度。維護(hù)礦產(chǎn)等資源的國(guó)家所有者權(quán)益。完善資源保護(hù)和利用的法律法規(guī)，強(qiáng)化執(zhí)法監(jiān)督。

加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。抓好長(zhǎng)江上游、黃河上中游等地區(qū)的天然林保護(hù)工程建設(shè)。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)東北、華北、西北和長(zhǎng)江中下游等重點(diǎn)防護(hù)林體系建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)天然草原的保護(hù)和建設(shè)。推進(jìn)巖溶地區(qū)石漠化綜合治理。抓緊治理京津地區(qū)風(fēng)沙源。繼續(xù)開(kāi)展重點(diǎn)流域、區(qū)域、海域的污染治理。綜合治理城市污染，搞好城市綠化，使大中城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量明顯改善。重視農(nóng)村污染治理和環(huán)境保護(hù)。健全環(huán)境、氣象和地震監(jiān)測(cè)體系，做好防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作。

十、加強(qiáng)精神文明和民主法制建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)國(guó)防建設(shè)

大力加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)。堅(jiān)持兩手抓、兩手都要硬的方針。鞏固和加強(qiáng)馬克思主義的指導(dǎo)地位，用馬列主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論教育人民，弘揚(yáng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義、集體主義、社會(huì)主義精神。在干部中深入開(kāi)展“三個(gè)代表”重要思想的教育，堅(jiān)持講學(xué)習(xí)、講政治、講正氣，樹(shù)立正確的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀。努力建立適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的思想道德體系，把依法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)結(jié)合起來(lái)。普及科學(xué)知識(shí)，反對(duì)愚昧迷信，倡導(dǎo)文明健康的生活方式。進(jìn)一步發(fā)展文學(xué)藝術(shù)、新聞出版、廣播影視等各項(xiàng)事業(yè)。堅(jiān)持為人民服務(wù)、為社會(huì)主義服務(wù)的方向和百花齊放、百家爭(zhēng)鳴的方針，生產(chǎn)出更多更好的精神產(chǎn)品。堅(jiān)持正確的輿論導(dǎo)向。高度重視新的信息媒體的建設(shè)和管理。加強(qiáng)圖書(shū)館、文化館、科技館、博物館、檔案館等文化設(shè)施建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)青少年、老年活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所建設(shè)。繼續(xù)開(kāi)展群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng)。深化文化體制改革，完善文化經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，推動(dòng)有關(guān)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。整頓和規(guī)范文化市場(chǎng)。堅(jiān)持不懈地開(kāi)展“掃黃打非”斗爭(zhēng)。

積極推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義民主法制建設(shè)。發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主政治，依法治國(guó)，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)政治體制改革。實(shí)行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理和民主監(jiān)督，保證人民依法享有廣泛的權(quán)利和自由，尊重和保障人權(quán)。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)人民代表大會(huì)的立法和監(jiān)督工作。發(fā)揮人民政協(xié)的政治協(xié)商、民主監(jiān)督、參政議政作用。完善適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的法律體系。各級(jí)政府要自覺(jué)接受同級(jí)人大的監(jiān)督，主動(dòng)聽(tīng)取政協(xié)的意見(jiàn)。推進(jìn)政府工作法制化，依法行政，從嚴(yán)治政。深化司法改革，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法，公正司法。深入開(kāi)展反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)，加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)。強(qiáng)化法制教育，增強(qiáng)全體公民的法制觀念。加強(qiáng)政法系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，提高政法隊(duì)伍素質(zhì)。

進(jìn)一步落實(shí)黨的民族政策，堅(jiān)持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度，發(fā)展平等、團(tuán)結(jié)、互助的社會(huì)主義民族關(guān)系。結(jié)合西部大開(kāi)發(fā)，加大支持力度，加快少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)全面發(fā)展，促進(jìn)各民族共同繁榮和進(jìn)步。全面貫徹黨的宗教政策，保障公民宗教信仰自由，依法管理宗教事務(wù)，積極引導(dǎo)宗教與社會(huì)主義社會(huì)相適應(yīng)。認(rèn)真貫徹黨的僑務(wù)政策，充分發(fā)揮海外僑胞在祖國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)與和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)中的作用。

進(jìn)一步維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。正確處理新時(shí)期人民內(nèi)部矛盾。重視群眾的來(lái)信來(lái)訪。搞好社會(huì)治安綜合治理，打擊各種危害社會(huì)與國(guó)家安全的犯罪活動(dòng)。依法打擊民族分裂活動(dòng)、宗教極端勢(shì)力、暴力恐怖活動(dòng)、邪教和利用宗教進(jìn)行非法活動(dòng)。繼續(xù)開(kāi)展同“法輪功”邪教組織的斗爭(zhēng)，深入揭露和批判其反人類(lèi)、反社會(huì)、反科學(xué)的邪教本質(zhì)，及其淪為國(guó)內(nèi)外敵對(duì)勢(shì)力反對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義政權(quán)工具的反動(dòng)面目，依法嚴(yán)厲打擊極少數(shù)違法犯罪分子，堅(jiān)持不懈地團(tuán)結(jié)、教育、挽救絕大多數(shù)被蒙騙的群眾。

加強(qiáng)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)。這是國(guó)家安全和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要保證。在集中力量發(fā)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí)，必須積極推進(jìn)國(guó)防建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)國(guó)防實(shí)力。要大力加強(qiáng)軍隊(duì)思想政治建設(shè)，確保黨對(duì)軍隊(duì)的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)的正確方向。認(rèn)真貫徹新時(shí)期積極防御的戰(zhàn)略方針，堅(jiān)持改革創(chuàng)新，堅(jiān)持質(zhì)量建軍，科技強(qiáng)軍，勤儉建軍，依法治軍，走有中國(guó)特色的精兵之路，全面提高軍隊(duì)革命化、現(xiàn)代化、正規(guī)化建設(shè)水平。強(qiáng)化全民國(guó)防意識(shí)，健全國(guó)防動(dòng)員體制。加強(qiáng)國(guó)防科研，推進(jìn)國(guó)防科技工業(yè)調(diào)整、改革，發(fā)展新型武器裝備，增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)特別是高技術(shù)條件下防衛(wèi)作戰(zhàn)的能力，做好應(yīng)付各種復(fù)雜情況的準(zhǔn)備。

各位代表！進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)，我們將繼續(xù)按照“一國(guó)兩制”方針和基本法，全力支持香港、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官和政府依法施政，加強(qiáng)港澳與內(nèi)地的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作及交流，維護(hù)香港、澳門(mén)的長(zhǎng)期繁榮穩(wěn)定。

盡早解決臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國(guó)完全統(tǒng)一，是中華兒女的共同期盼，是我們面臨的重大任務(wù)。我們將繼續(xù)執(zhí)行“和平統(tǒng)一、一國(guó)兩制”的基本方針和江澤民主席提出的八項(xiàng)主張，與廣大臺(tái)灣同胞一道，堅(jiān)決阻止任何制造分裂的圖謀，盡一切可能爭(zhēng)取和平統(tǒng)一。我們將堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)原則，在此基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)推動(dòng)兩岸對(duì)話(huà)與談判，發(fā)展兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流和人員往來(lái)。我們堅(jiān)信，經(jīng)過(guò)中華兒女的不懈奮斗，祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)必將早日完成。

面對(duì)世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展的國(guó)際形勢(shì)，我們將始終不渝地奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步同世界各國(guó)發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系，爭(zhēng)取一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)際和平環(huán)境和良好的周邊環(huán)境。中國(guó)將積極參與國(guó)際事務(wù)，為維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作、實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展，為推動(dòng)建立和平穩(wěn)定、公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序，作出新的貢獻(xiàn)。

各位代表！

2001年是進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)、實(shí)施“十五”計(jì)劃的第一年。全面貫徹黨的十五屆五中全會(huì)和中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議精神，做好今年的各項(xiàng)工作，對(duì)于實(shí)施“十五”計(jì)劃起好步、開(kāi)好局，至關(guān)重要。要堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大國(guó)內(nèi)需求的方針，實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。繼續(xù)發(fā)行1500億元長(zhǎng)期建設(shè)國(guó)債，集中用于在建項(xiàng)目和西部開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目。同時(shí)，適當(dāng)增加機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位人員工資，提高城鎮(zhèn)低收入者收入。把加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位和增加農(nóng)民收入放在經(jīng)濟(jì)工作首位，采取有力措施切實(shí)解決當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村中存在的突出問(wèn)題。鞏固和擴(kuò)大國(guó)有企業(yè)改革成果，在建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度、轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制和加強(qiáng)科學(xué)管理上狠下功夫。抓緊做好加入世貿(mào)組織的各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作。加快完善社會(huì)保障體系，多渠道擴(kuò)大就業(yè)，改善人民生活。要把大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，作為一項(xiàng)緊迫的重要任務(wù)。加強(qiáng)精神文明和民主法制建設(shè)。繼續(xù)處理好改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系，搞好社會(huì)治安綜合治理，維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。支持北京市申辦奧運(yùn)。要統(tǒng)籌兼顧，乘勢(shì)前進(jìn)，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的良好勢(shì)頭。

各位代表！

我們已經(jīng)跨進(jìn)了21世紀(jì)，邁上了向現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)第三步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)進(jìn)軍的新征程。任何艱難險(xiǎn)阻都擋不住中國(guó)人民勝利前進(jìn)的步伐！讓我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)在以江澤民同志為核心的黨中央周?chē)吲e鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線(xiàn)，以“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，振奮精神，扎實(shí)工作，為實(shí)現(xiàn)“十五”計(jì)劃目標(biāo)，為把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)民主文明的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家而努力奮斗！

第三篇：兩會(huì)政府工作報(bào)告(2012年3月5日在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議)

政府工作報(bào)告

——2012年3月5日在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議上

國(guó)務(wù)院總理 溫家寶

十一屆全國(guó)人大五次會(huì)議開(kāi)幕

溫家寶作政府工作報(bào)告

2012年3月5日（星期一）上午9時(shí)，第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議在人民大會(huì)堂開(kāi)幕，聽(tīng)取國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶作政府工作報(bào)告，審查計(jì)劃報(bào)告和預(yù)算報(bào)告。[03-05 08:45] 以下是文字實(shí)錄：

[人民網(wǎng)前方報(bào)道組]:十一屆全國(guó)人大五次會(huì)議開(kāi)幕會(huì)將于9時(shí)準(zhǔn)時(shí)開(kāi)始。[08:49] [吳邦國(guó)]:各位代表，第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議出席代表2978人，今天的會(huì)議出席2924人，缺席54人，出席人數(shù)符合法定人數(shù)?，F(xiàn)在我宣布，中華人民共和國(guó)第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議開(kāi)幕。[09:05] [吳邦國(guó)]:各位代表，今天的全體會(huì)有三項(xiàng)議程。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行第一項(xiàng)議程，請(qǐng)國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶同志作政府工作報(bào)告。[09:05] [溫家寶]:各位代表：現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)報(bào)告政府工作，請(qǐng)各位代表審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見(jiàn)。[09:07] [溫家寶]:

一、2011年工作回顧[09:09][溫家寶]:過(guò)去的一年，面對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國(guó)內(nèi)改革發(fā)展任務(wù)，全國(guó)各族人民在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，同心同德，團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)，改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。[09:10] [溫家寶]:國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值47.2萬(wàn)億元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9.2％；公共財(cái)政收入10.37萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)24.8％；糧食產(chǎn)量1.14萬(wàn)億斤，再創(chuàng)歷史新高；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1221萬(wàn)人，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)8.4％和11.4％。我們鞏固和擴(kuò)大了應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“十二五”時(shí)期良好開(kāi)局。[09:10] [溫家寶]:一年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：[09:10] [溫家寶]:(一)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，遏制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，堅(jiān)持正確處理保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重把握好政策實(shí)施的重點(diǎn)、力度和節(jié)奏，努力做到調(diào)控審慎靈活、適時(shí)適度，不斷提高政策的針對(duì)性、靈活性和前瞻性。[09:10] 溫家寶]:在全球通脹預(yù)期不斷增強(qiáng)，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)大宗商品價(jià)格高位波動(dòng)，國(guó)內(nèi)要素成本明顯上升，部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給偏緊的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)下，我們把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，堅(jiān)持綜合施策，合理運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)貨幣信貸增速，大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障供給，搞活流通，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出廠價(jià)格指數(shù)漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉(zhuǎn)了一度過(guò)快上漲勢(shì)頭。[09:10]

[溫家寶]:下半年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定性不確定性上升，國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行出現(xiàn)一些新情況新問(wèn)題，我們一方面堅(jiān)持宏觀調(diào)控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策基本穩(wěn)定，繼續(xù)控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時(shí)適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，加強(qiáng)信貸政策與產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的協(xié)調(diào)配合，加大結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅力度，重點(diǎn)支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小型微型企業(yè)，重點(diǎn)支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點(diǎn)保證國(guó)家重大在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需要，有針對(duì)性地解決經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的突出矛盾。[09:19] [溫家寶]:我們堅(jiān)定不移地加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控，確保調(diào)控政策落到實(shí)處、見(jiàn)到實(shí)效。投機(jī)、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數(shù)城市房?jī)r(jià)環(huán)比下降，調(diào)控效果正在顯現(xiàn)。我們高度重視防范和化解財(cái)政金融領(lǐng)域的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，及時(shí)對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務(wù)的總規(guī)模、形成原因、償還時(shí)限和區(qū)域分布。這些債務(wù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了積極作用，形成了大量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)資產(chǎn)；也存在一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區(qū)存在局部性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。[09:20] [溫家寶]:我們認(rèn)真開(kāi)展債務(wù)清理整頓和規(guī)范工作，嚴(yán)格控制增量，積極穩(wěn)妥解決債務(wù)償還和在建項(xiàng)目后續(xù)融資問(wèn)題。目前，我國(guó)政府性債務(wù)水平是可控的、安全的。總的看，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)朝著宏觀調(diào)控預(yù)期方向發(fā)展，抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力不斷增強(qiáng)，呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)較快、價(jià)格趨穩(wěn)、效益較好、民生改善的良好態(tài)勢(shì)。[09:20] [溫家寶]:(二)加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，提高發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。我們堅(jiān)持有扶有控，促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。[09:21] [溫家寶]:鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。全面落實(shí)強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，加大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼力度，穩(wěn)步提高糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)，加強(qiáng)以農(nóng)田水利為重點(diǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，開(kāi)展農(nóng)村土地整治，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)和抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)，中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”支出超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億元，比上年增加1839億元。農(nóng)業(yè)全面豐收，糧食總產(chǎn)量實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史罕見(jiàn)的“八連增”，連續(xù)5年超萬(wàn)億斤，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力穩(wěn)定躍上新臺(tái)階。[09:21] [溫家寶]:繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造，解決了6398萬(wàn)農(nóng)村人口的飲水困難和60萬(wàn)無(wú)電地區(qū)人口的用電問(wèn)題，農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件進(jìn)一步改善。加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。大力培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，新能源、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車(chē)快速發(fā)展，三網(wǎng)融合、云計(jì)算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)試點(diǎn)示范工作步伐加快。企業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。[09:21] [溫家寶]:支持重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)振興和技術(shù)改造，中央預(yù)算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個(gè)項(xiàng)目，帶動(dòng)總投資3000億元。加快發(fā)展信息咨詢(xún)、電子商務(wù)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，新興服務(wù)領(lǐng)域不斷拓寬。交通運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)。[09:22] [溫家寶]:推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。發(fā)布實(shí)施“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)重點(diǎn)工作的意見(jiàn)。清潔能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬(wàn)千瓦。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)節(jié)能環(huán)保工程建設(shè)，新增城鎮(zhèn)污水日處理能力1100萬(wàn)噸，5000多萬(wàn)千瓦新增燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組全部安裝脫硫設(shè)施。加大對(duì)高耗能、高排放和產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩行業(yè)的調(diào)控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產(chǎn)能1.5億噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能3122萬(wàn)噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1925萬(wàn)噸。[09:22] [溫家寶]:實(shí)施天然林保護(hù)二期工程并提高補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)行草原生態(tài)保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策，開(kāi)展湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)試點(diǎn)。植樹(shù)造林9200多萬(wàn)畝。[09:22] [溫家寶]:促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃。出臺(tái)實(shí)施促進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的一系列優(yōu)惠政策。制定實(shí)施新10年農(nóng)村扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)綱要和興邊富民行動(dòng)規(guī)劃。區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，中西部和東北地區(qū)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)增速高于全國(guó)平均水平，東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)步伐加快。[09:23] [溫家寶]:城鎮(zhèn)化率超過(guò)50％，這是中國(guó)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建任務(wù)，積極推進(jìn)青海玉樹(shù)、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)和恢復(fù)重建工作。[09:23] [溫家寶]:(三)大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。各級(jí)政府加大對(duì)科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)的投入，全國(guó)財(cái)政支出2.82萬(wàn)億元。[09:23] [溫家寶]:持續(xù)提升科技創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)研究。實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)，突破一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，填補(bǔ)了多項(xiàng)重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。天宮一號(hào)目標(biāo)飛行器與神舟八號(hào)飛船先后成功發(fā)射并順利交會(huì)對(duì)接，成為我國(guó)載人航天發(fā)展史上新的里程碑。[09:23] [溫家寶]:扎實(shí)推進(jìn)教育公平。深入貫徹落實(shí)教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。經(jīng)過(guò)25年堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩基”目標(biāo)。免除3000多萬(wàn)名農(nóng)村寄宿制學(xué)生住宿費(fèi)，其中1228萬(wàn)名中西部家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生享受生活補(bǔ)助。建立起完整的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系。初步解決農(nóng)民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務(wù)教育的問(wèn)題。[09:24] [溫家寶]:推動(dòng)實(shí)施“學(xué)前教育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)教師培訓(xùn)工作，擴(kuò)大中小學(xué)教師職稱(chēng)制度改革試點(diǎn)，提高中小學(xué)教師隊(duì)伍整體素質(zhì)。首屆免費(fèi)師范生全部到中小學(xué)任教，90％以上在中西部。[09:24] [溫家寶]:大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)。中央財(cái)政加大對(duì)文化惠民工程的支持，各地對(duì)公益性文化事業(yè)投入顯著增加。擴(kuò)大公共文化設(shè)施免費(fèi)開(kāi)放范圍，服務(wù)面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。文物保護(hù)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和傳承取得重要進(jìn)展。大力加強(qiáng)群眾體育設(shè)施建設(shè)，全民健身活動(dòng)蓬勃開(kāi)展，體育事業(yè)取得新成績(jī)。[09:24] [溫家寶]:積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展?；踞t(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，13億城鄉(xiāng)居民參保，全民醫(yī)保體系初步形成。政策范圍內(nèi)住院費(fèi)用報(bào)銷(xiāo)比例提高，重大疾病醫(yī)療保障病種范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。各級(jí)財(cái)政對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合的補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年120元提高到200元。國(guó)家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價(jià)格下降。公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)有序進(jìn)行。基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系基本建成。基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)均等化取得新進(jìn)展。[09:25] [溫家寶]:(四)切實(shí)保障和改善民生，解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問(wèn)題。我們堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。[09:26] [溫家寶]:實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。多渠道開(kāi)發(fā)就業(yè)崗位，全力推動(dòng)以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加大財(cái)政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)。高校畢業(yè)生初次就業(yè)率77.8％，同比提高1.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。農(nóng)民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長(zhǎng)4.4％，其中，外出農(nóng)民工1.59億人，增長(zhǎng)3.4％。[09:26] [溫家寶]:積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增速為1985年以來(lái)最高，連續(xù)兩年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民；各地普遍較大幅度調(diào)高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；連續(xù)第7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬(wàn)人受益；進(jìn)一步提高城鄉(xiāng)低保補(bǔ)助水平以及部分優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)低保對(duì)象、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)對(duì)象等8600多萬(wàn)名困難群眾發(fā)放一次性生活補(bǔ)貼；建立社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大中等收入者所占比重。[09:26] [溫家寶]:個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn)從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬(wàn)個(gè)體工商戶(hù)稅負(fù)。中央決定將農(nóng)民人均純收入2300元（2010年不變價(jià)）作為新的國(guó)家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比2009年提高92％，把更多農(nóng)村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會(huì)的巨大進(jìn)步。[09:27] [溫家寶]:加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)。社會(huì)保障覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，全國(guó)參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)大幅增加。2147個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)居民社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，1334萬(wàn)人參保，641萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金。2343個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）開(kāi)展新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，3.58億人參保，9880萬(wàn)人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金，覆蓋面擴(kuò)大到60％以上。[09:30] [溫家寶]:解決了500多萬(wàn)名集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問(wèn)題。將312萬(wàn)名企業(yè)“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養(yǎng)親屬納入工傷保險(xiǎn)統(tǒng)籌管理。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)跨地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)工作有序推進(jìn)。社會(huì)保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化取得的重要成就。[09:36] [溫家寶]:大力推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)。出臺(tái)關(guān)于保障性安居工程建設(shè)和管理的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，完善財(cái)政投入、土地供應(yīng)、信貸支持、稅費(fèi)減免等政策，著力提高規(guī)劃建設(shè)和工程質(zhì)量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財(cái)政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房基本建成432萬(wàn)套，新開(kāi)工建設(shè)1043萬(wàn)套。[09:37] [溫家寶]:努力維護(hù)社會(huì)公共安全。加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調(diào)查、問(wèn)責(zé)工作。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產(chǎn)加工行為。堅(jiān)持以人為本、服務(wù)為先，加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理，著力排查化解各類(lèi)社會(huì)矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動(dòng)，保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。[09:37] [溫家寶]:

（五）深入推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展注入新的活力和動(dòng)力。我們按照“十二五”規(guī)劃提出的改革任務(wù)，加大攻堅(jiān)力度，推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的改革。[09:37] [溫家寶]:完善公共財(cái)政體系特別是預(yù)算管理制度，把預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理，擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍，深化部門(mén)預(yù)算改革，推進(jìn)政府預(yù)算、決算公開(kāi)，98個(gè)中央部門(mén)和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開(kāi)“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)”。在全國(guó)范圍實(shí)施原油、天然氣資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革，出臺(tái)營(yíng)業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)方案。把跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算范圍擴(kuò)大到全國(guó)，啟動(dòng)境外直接投資人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)，開(kāi)展外商直接投資人民幣結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)。[09:37] [溫家寶]:深化集體林權(quán)制度改革，啟動(dòng)國(guó)有林場(chǎng)改革試點(diǎn)，依法開(kāi)展草原承包經(jīng)營(yíng)登記。推進(jìn)水利建設(shè)管理體制改革，創(chuàng)新水資源管理體制。深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施電網(wǎng)主輔分離改革重組以及上網(wǎng)電價(jià)和非居民用電價(jià)格調(diào)整方案?；就瓿舌l(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革。事業(yè)單位分類(lèi)改革有序開(kāi)展。[09:37] [溫家寶]:我們堅(jiān)持出口和進(jìn)口并重，利用外資和對(duì)外投資并舉，全面提升開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。積極推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)多元化戰(zhàn)略，努力優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。全年貨物進(jìn)出口總額3.64萬(wàn)億美元，增長(zhǎng)22.5％，其中，出口增長(zhǎng)20.3％，進(jìn)口增長(zhǎng)24.9％，貿(mào)易順差進(jìn)一步下降。實(shí)際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務(wù)業(yè)和中西部地區(qū)比重提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類(lèi)對(duì)外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國(guó)際和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，多邊雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系繼續(xù)深化。[09:38] [溫家寶]:我們?cè)诿裰鞣ㄖ平ㄔO(shè)、國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)、港澳臺(tái)工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進(jìn)展。[09:38] [溫家寶]:過(guò)去一年的成績(jī)來(lái)之不易，顯示了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的優(yōu)越性和生命力，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央科學(xué)決策、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全黨全軍全國(guó)各族人民齊心協(xié)力、頑強(qiáng)拼搏的結(jié)果。[09:39] [溫家寶]:我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向全國(guó)各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際組織和各國(guó)朋友，表示誠(chéng)摯的感謝！[09:39] [溫家寶]:我們也清醒地看到，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)。從國(guó)際看，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程艱難曲折，國(guó)際金融危機(jī)還在發(fā)展，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)短期內(nèi)難以緩解。主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體失業(yè)率居高難下，增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力不足，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體面臨通貨膨脹和經(jīng)濟(jì)增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動(dòng)，大宗商品價(jià)格大幅震蕩。國(guó)際貿(mào)易投資保護(hù)主義強(qiáng)化。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，解決體制性結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，緩解發(fā)展不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問(wèn)題更為迫切、難度更大，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中又出現(xiàn)不少新情況新問(wèn)題。[09:39] [溫家寶]:主要是：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)存在下行壓力，物價(jià)水平仍處高位，房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控處于關(guān)鍵階段，農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收難度加大，就業(yè)總量壓力與結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾并存，一些企業(yè)特別是小型微型企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難增多，部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩凸顯，能源消費(fèi)總量增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快。一些長(zhǎng)期矛盾與短期問(wèn)題相互交織，結(jié)構(gòu)性因素和周期性因素相互作用，國(guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題和國(guó)際問(wèn)題相互關(guān)聯(lián)，宏觀調(diào)控面臨更加復(fù)雜的局面。[09:39] [溫家寶]:政府工作仍存在一些缺點(diǎn)和不足，節(jié)能減排、物價(jià)調(diào)控目標(biāo)沒(méi)有完成；征地拆遷、安全生產(chǎn)、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問(wèn)題還很突出，群眾反映強(qiáng)烈；政府管理和服務(wù)水平有待提高，廉政建設(shè)亟需加強(qiáng)。[09:40] [溫家寶]:我們一定要以對(duì)國(guó)家和人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實(shí)解決存在的問(wèn)題，努力把各項(xiàng)工作做得更好，決不辜負(fù)人民的重托。[09:40] [溫家寶]:

二、2012年工作總體部署[09:40] [溫家寶]:今年是“十二五”時(shí)期承前啟后的重要一年，也是本屆政府任期的最后一年。我們要恪盡職守、銳意進(jìn)取、攻堅(jiān)克難、決不懈怠，交出一份人民滿(mǎn)意的答卷。[09:40] [溫家寶]:我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)繼續(xù)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展具備不少有利條件。工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化快速推進(jìn)，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的需求潛力；經(jīng)過(guò)30多年改革開(kāi)放，我國(guó)發(fā)展建立了良好的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和體制條件，宏觀調(diào)控經(jīng)驗(yàn)不斷豐富，企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力明顯提高；東部地區(qū)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展能力增強(qiáng)，中西部地區(qū)和東北等老工業(yè)基地發(fā)展?jié)摿τ行蜥尫牛唤?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)依然存在，勞動(dòng)力資源豐富、素質(zhì)提高；財(cái)政收支狀況良好，金融體系運(yùn)行穩(wěn)健，社會(huì)資金比較充裕。[09:45] [溫家寶]:世界經(jīng)濟(jì)政治格局正在發(fā)生深刻變化，和平、發(fā)展、合作仍然是時(shí)代潮流，總體上有利于我國(guó)和平發(fā)展。我們要堅(jiān)定信心，善于運(yùn)用有利條件和積極因素，繼續(xù)抓住和用好重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，不斷增強(qiáng)我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)際影響力。[09:45] [溫家寶]:我們要高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，繼續(xù)處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，著力擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求特別是消費(fèi)需求，著力加強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能減排，著力深化改革開(kāi)放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)以及生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定，保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定，以經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)異成績(jī)迎接黨的十八大勝利召開(kāi)。[09:45] [溫家寶]:今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)7.5％；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6％以?xún)?nèi)；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在4％左右；進(jìn)出口總額增長(zhǎng)10％左右，國(guó)際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善。同時(shí)，要在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、自主創(chuàng)新、節(jié)能減排等方面取得新進(jìn)展，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)保持同步。[09:46] [溫家寶]:這里要著重說(shuō)明，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)略微調(diào)低，主要是要與“十二五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)逐步銜接，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放到加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、切實(shí)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上來(lái)，以利于實(shí)現(xiàn)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)期、更高水平、更好質(zhì)量發(fā)展。提出居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在4％左右，綜合考慮了輸入性通脹因素、要素成本上升影響以及居民承受能力，也為價(jià)格改革預(yù)留一定空間。[09:46]

一、“十一五”時(shí)期國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的回顧

“十一五”時(shí)期是我國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中極不平凡的五年。面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外復(fù)雜形勢(shì)和一系列重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)各族人民，全面推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，國(guó)家面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。

——這五年，我國(guó)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力、綜合國(guó)力顯著提高。我們有效應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，勝利完成“十一五”規(guī)劃的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)邁上新的臺(tái)階。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到39.8萬(wàn)億元，年均增長(zhǎng)11.2%，財(cái)政收入從3.16萬(wàn)億元增加到8.31萬(wàn)億元。載人航天、探月工程、超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)等前沿科技實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破。國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得重大成就。

——這五年，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)加快發(fā)展、人民生活明顯改善。教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)全面進(jìn)步。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)5771萬(wàn)人，轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力4500萬(wàn)人；城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均分別實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.7%和8.9%；覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系逐步健全。

——這五年，改革開(kāi)放取得重大進(jìn)展。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革實(shí)現(xiàn)新突破，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制更加完善。去年對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到2.97萬(wàn)億美元，開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平快速提升。

——這五年，我國(guó)國(guó)際地位和影響力顯著提高。我們?cè)趪?guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮重要的建設(shè)性作用，有力維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益，全方位外交取得重大進(jìn)展。我們成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的百年夢(mèng)想。

這些輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的優(yōu)越性，展現(xiàn)了改革開(kāi)放的偉大力量，極大增強(qiáng)了全國(guó)各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的凝聚力和向心力，必將激勵(lì)我們?cè)谛碌臍v史征程上奮勇前進(jìn)。

五年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：

（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點(diǎn)和力度，牢牢掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的主動(dòng)權(quán)?！笆晃濉鼻捌?，針對(duì)投資增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快、貿(mào)易順差過(guò)大、流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩，以及結(jié)構(gòu)性、輸入性物價(jià)上漲等問(wèn)題，采取正確的政策措施，有效防止了苗頭性問(wèn)題演變成趨勢(shì)性問(wèn)題、局部性問(wèn)題演變成全局性問(wèn)題。近兩年，面對(duì)百年罕見(jiàn)的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，我們沉著應(yīng)對(duì)，科學(xué)決策，果斷實(shí)行積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施一攬子計(jì)劃，大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅，大范圍實(shí)施重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)科技支撐，大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略方針，采取鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的一系列政策措施，增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群眾收入，消費(fèi)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級(jí)。實(shí)施兩年新增４萬(wàn)億元的投資計(jì)劃，其中，新增中央投資1.18萬(wàn)億元。保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程和社會(huì)事業(yè)投資占43.7%，自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占15.3%，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23.6%，災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14.8%。政府投資引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資，國(guó)內(nèi)需求大幅增加，有效彌補(bǔ)外需缺口，較短時(shí)間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢(shì)，在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)回升向好，既戰(zhàn)勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生，又為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

（二）毫不放松地做好“三農(nóng)”工作，鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入累計(jì)近3萬(wàn)億元，年均增幅超過(guò)23%。徹底取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅和各種收費(fèi)，結(jié)束了農(nóng)民種田交稅的歷史，每年減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)超過(guò)1335億元。建立種糧農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼資金去年達(dá)到1226億元。對(duì)重點(diǎn)糧食品種實(shí)行最低收購(gòu)價(jià)和臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購(gòu)價(jià)提高了25%到40%。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地。著力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步。糧食產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)歷史新高，去年達(dá)到54641萬(wàn)噸，連續(xù)7年增產(chǎn)；農(nóng)民人均純收入達(dá)到5919元，實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)較快增長(zhǎng)。農(nóng)村綜合改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，集體林權(quán)制度改革、國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理體制改革全面推開(kāi)。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加快建設(shè)，完成7356座大中型和重點(diǎn)小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固，解決2.15億農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問(wèn)題，農(nóng)民的日子越過(guò)越好，農(nóng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。

（三）大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益。一是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和自主創(chuàng)新。積極推進(jìn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和兼并重組，工業(yè)特別是裝備制造業(yè)總體水平和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力明顯提高。戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長(zhǎng)。加快建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，實(shí)施知識(shí)創(chuàng)新工程和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程，突破了一批產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的前沿技術(shù)、核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù)，一大批科研成果實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線(xiàn)1.6萬(wàn)公里，新增公路63.9萬(wàn)公里，其中高速公路3.3萬(wàn)公里，新建、改擴(kuò)建機(jī)場(chǎng)33個(gè)，新建和加固堤防1.7萬(wàn)公里。二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。提出到2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)和政策措施，制定實(shí)施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源，新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬(wàn)千瓦、核電384萬(wàn)千瓦。關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組7210萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林2529萬(wàn)公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬(wàn)平方公里，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。五年累計(jì)，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實(shí)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實(shí)施全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開(kāi)發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推出促進(jìn)西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速等主要指標(biāo)超過(guò)全國(guó)平均水平；東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，自主創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐步提高；地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。

（四）堅(jiān)定不移深化改革開(kāi)放，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展內(nèi)在活力。財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度逐步完善，縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制初步建立。增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型全面實(shí)施，成品油價(jià)格和稅費(fèi)改革順利推進(jìn)，資源稅改革啟動(dòng)試點(diǎn)，內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制全面統(tǒng)一。國(guó)有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革、農(nóng)村信用社改革積極推進(jìn)；平穩(wěn)解決上市公司股權(quán)分置問(wèn)題，創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券順利推出，債券市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展；深入推進(jìn)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)改革開(kāi)放；人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制改革有序推進(jìn)，跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大。國(guó)有企業(yè)公司制股份制改革、國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制改革取得積極進(jìn)展。郵政體制改革加快推進(jìn)。制定實(shí)施促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展和民間投資的一系列政策，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善，多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展。不斷拓展對(duì)外開(kāi)放的廣度和深度。進(jìn)出口總額年均增長(zhǎng)15.9%，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。貿(mào)易順差連續(xù)兩年下降，2010年比上年減少6.4%。利用外資水平進(jìn)一步提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐明顯加快，累計(jì)對(duì)外直接投資2200億美元，對(duì)外工程承包和勞務(wù)合作營(yíng)業(yè)額3352億美元。積極參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制改革和區(qū)域合作機(jī)制建設(shè)，多邊、雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作繼續(xù)深化。對(duì)外援助規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。對(duì)外開(kāi)放有力促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，增加了就業(yè)，吸收了先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大大提高了我國(guó)的國(guó)際地位。

（五）加快發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，切實(shí)保障和改善民生。始終堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)，圍繞改善民生謀發(fā)展。把就業(yè)放在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)先位置。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù)，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力、城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)，做好退役軍人就業(yè)安置工作。實(shí)施勞動(dòng)合同法和就業(yè)促進(jìn)法，普遍提高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推動(dòng)建立和諧勞動(dòng)關(guān)系。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)取得突破性進(jìn)展，城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，實(shí)施養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系跨省轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法，連續(xù)7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平，年均增長(zhǎng)10%，新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)覆蓋24%的縣。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，全面建立城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度，惠及12.67億城鄉(xiāng)居民。最低生活保障制度實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)救助體系基本建立，社會(huì)福利、優(yōu)撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業(yè)取得新進(jìn)展。全國(guó)社會(huì)保障基金積累7810億元，比五年前增加5800多億元。大力實(shí)施保障性住房建設(shè)和棚戶(hù)區(qū)改造，使1100萬(wàn)戶(hù)困難家庭住上了新房。我們要持之以恒，努力讓全體人民老有所養(yǎng)、病有所醫(yī)、住有所居。

制定和實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。五年全國(guó)財(cái)政教育支出累計(jì)4.45萬(wàn)億元，年均增長(zhǎng)22.4%。全面實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育，所有適齡兒童都能“不花錢(qián)、有學(xué)上”。義務(wù)教育階段教師績(jī)效工資制度全面實(shí)施。中等職業(yè)教育對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉農(nóng)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生實(shí)行免費(fèi)。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家助學(xué)制度，財(cái)政投入從2006年的18億元增加到2010年的306億元，覆蓋面從高等學(xué)校擴(kuò)大到中等職業(yè)學(xué)校和普通高中，共資助學(xué)生2130萬(wàn)名，還為1200多萬(wàn)名義務(wù)教育寄宿生提供生活補(bǔ)助。加快農(nóng)村中小學(xué)危房改造和職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。全面提高高等教育質(zhì)量和水平，增強(qiáng)高校創(chuàng)新能力。制定并實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，中央財(cái)政科技投入6197億元，年均增長(zhǎng)22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加強(qiáng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力建設(shè)。國(guó)家財(cái)政安排專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金，改造和新建2.3萬(wàn)所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、1500所縣醫(yī)院、500所縣中醫(yī)院和1000所縣婦幼保健院，建立了2400所社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心。制定并實(shí)施國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。人口規(guī)劃目標(biāo)順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。文化體制改革取得重要進(jìn)展。公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)明顯加快，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)繁榮進(jìn)步。城鄉(xiāng)公共體育設(shè)施建設(shè)加快，全民健身活動(dòng)蔚然成風(fēng)。法制建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，“五五”普法順利完成。創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)社會(huì)管理，社會(huì)保持和諧穩(wěn)定。

抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的斗爭(zhēng)取得重大勝利，汶川災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建三年任務(wù)兩年基本完成，玉樹(shù)強(qiáng)烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建有序推進(jìn)。經(jīng)過(guò)災(zāi)難的洗禮，中國(guó)人民更加成熟、自信、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，中華民族百折不撓、自強(qiáng)不息的偉大精神不可戰(zhàn)勝。

五年來(lái)，我們不斷深化行政管理體制改革，加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，全面完成了新一輪政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革，深入推進(jìn)依法行政，建設(shè)法治政府和服務(wù)型政府，推進(jìn)政務(wù)公開(kāi)，加強(qiáng)行政問(wèn)責(zé)，堅(jiān)持不懈地開(kāi)展反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)，政府自身建設(shè)取得積極進(jìn)展。

過(guò)去五年，我們是一步一個(gè)腳印走過(guò)來(lái)的，中國(guó)人民有理由為此感到自豪！五年的成績(jī)來(lái)之不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書(shū)記的黨中央總攬全局、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全黨全國(guó)各族人民共同努力奮斗的結(jié)果。在這里，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向全國(guó)各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際組織和各國(guó)朋友，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！

我們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到，我國(guó)發(fā)展中不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問(wèn)題依然突出。主要是：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的資源環(huán)境約束強(qiáng)化，投資與消費(fèi)關(guān)系失衡，收入分配差距較大，科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)仍然薄弱，城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)，就業(yè)總量壓力和結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾并存，制約科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙依然較多；服務(wù)業(yè)增加值和就業(yè)比重、研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重沒(méi)有完成“十一五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)。一些群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有根本解決，主要是：優(yōu)質(zhì)教育、醫(yī)療資源總量不足、分布不均；物價(jià)上漲壓力加大，部分城市房?jī)r(jià)漲幅過(guò)高；違法征地拆遷等引發(fā)的社會(huì)矛盾增多；食品安全問(wèn)題比較突出；一些領(lǐng)域腐敗現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。我們一定要以對(duì)國(guó)家和人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，通過(guò)艱苦細(xì)致的工作和堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，加快解決這些問(wèn)題，讓人民滿(mǎn)意！

回顧“十一五”時(shí)期的政府工作，我們進(jìn)一步加深了以下幾個(gè)方面的認(rèn)識(shí)和體會(huì)。

一是必須堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展。我們戰(zhàn)勝各種嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，靠的是發(fā)展；各領(lǐng)域取得的一切成就和進(jìn)步，靠的是發(fā)展；解決前進(jìn)道路上的困難和問(wèn)題，仍然要靠發(fā)展。我國(guó)仍處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段，必須堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展。要以人為本，把保障和改善民生作為一切工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)定不移走共同富裕道路，使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民；堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌兼顧，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展；加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，大力推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新，節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境，使經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展與人口資源環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，提高發(fā)展的全面性、協(xié)調(diào)性和可持續(xù)性。二是必須堅(jiān)持政府調(diào)控與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。健全的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，有效的宏觀調(diào)控，都是社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制不可或缺的重要組成部分。市場(chǎng)作用多一些還是政府作用多一些，必須相機(jī)抉擇。在應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊中，我們加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，及時(shí)糾正市場(chǎng)扭曲，彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)失靈，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)大的起落，實(shí)踐證明是完全正確的。我們必須不斷完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用，激發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)的內(nèi)在活力，同時(shí)，科學(xué)運(yùn)用宏觀調(diào)控手段，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。

三是必須堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展和對(duì)外開(kāi)放不斷深化的條件下，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)同世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系日益緊密，互動(dòng)和依存不斷增強(qiáng)。必須樹(shù)立世界眼光，加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)略思維，善于從國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)展變化中充分把握發(fā)展機(jī)遇，穩(wěn)妥應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，利用好國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)、兩種資源，統(tǒng)籌處理好國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展與對(duì)外開(kāi)放關(guān)系，真正做到內(nèi)外兼顧、均衡發(fā)展。

四是必須堅(jiān)持把改革開(kāi)放作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的根本動(dòng)力。改革開(kāi)放是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家強(qiáng)盛、人民幸福的必由之路，必須貫穿社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)全過(guò)程。我們要以更大的決心和勇氣推進(jìn)改革，提高改革決策的科學(xué)性，增強(qiáng)改革措施的協(xié)調(diào)性，全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)等各方面改革創(chuàng)新，從根本上破除體制機(jī)制障礙，最大限度解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。要堅(jiān)持把改善人民生活作為正確處理改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定關(guān)系的結(jié)合點(diǎn)，把改革的力度、發(fā)展的速度和社會(huì)可承受的程度統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，以改革促進(jìn)和諧穩(wěn)定，確保人民安居樂(lè)業(yè)、社會(huì)安寧有序、國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安。

二、“十二五”時(shí)期的主要目標(biāo)和任務(wù) 根據(jù)《中共中央關(guān)于制定國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃的建議》，我們編制了《國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃綱要（草案）》，提交大會(huì)審議。

“十二五”是全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，是深化改革開(kāi)放、加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的攻堅(jiān)時(shí)期。從國(guó)際看，世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，和平、發(fā)展、合作仍是時(shí)代潮流。國(guó)際金融危機(jī)影響深遠(yuǎn)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)加快調(diào)整，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制深刻變革，科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型孕育突破，發(fā)展中國(guó)家特別是新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家整體實(shí)力步入上升期。從國(guó)內(nèi)看，我國(guó)發(fā)展的有利條件和長(zhǎng)期向好的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有改變，工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、市場(chǎng)化、國(guó)際化深入發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)需求潛力巨大，資金供給充裕，科技和教育水平整體提升，勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)提高，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施日益完善，政府宏觀調(diào)控和應(yīng)對(duì)重大挑戰(zhàn)的能力明顯增強(qiáng)，社會(huì)大局保持穩(wěn)定。綜合判斷國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)，我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。

我們要高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)新變化，順應(yīng)各族人民過(guò)上更好生活新期待，以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線(xiàn)，深化改革開(kāi)放，保障和改善民生，鞏固和擴(kuò)大應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定，為全面建成小康社會(huì)打下具有決定性意義的基礎(chǔ)。

——我們要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展再上新臺(tái)階。今后五年，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)是在明顯提高質(zhì)量和效益的基礎(chǔ)上年均增長(zhǎng)7%。按2010年價(jià)格計(jì)算，2015年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值將超過(guò)55萬(wàn)億元。要繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，保持價(jià)格總水平基本穩(wěn)定，把短期調(diào)控政策和長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展政策結(jié)合起來(lái)，堅(jiān)持實(shí)施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，充分挖掘我國(guó)內(nèi)需的巨大潛力，加快形成消費(fèi)、投資、出口協(xié)調(diào)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新局面。

——我們要加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色新型工業(yè)化道路，推動(dòng)信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合，改造提升制造業(yè)，培育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)，服務(wù)業(yè)增加值在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比重提高4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化，城鎮(zhèn)化率從47.5%提高到51.5%，完善城市化布局和形態(tài)，不斷提升城鎮(zhèn)化的質(zhì)量和水平。繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，加快社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化。促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域良性互動(dòng)，一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

——我們要大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)。堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，穩(wěn)步提升全民受教育程度。堅(jiān)持自主創(chuàng)新、重點(diǎn)跨越、支撐發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)未來(lái)的方針，完善科技創(chuàng)新體系和支持政策，著力推進(jìn)重大科學(xué)技術(shù)突破。研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到2.2%，促進(jìn)科技成果更好地轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要，加強(qiáng)人才培養(yǎng)，努力造就規(guī)模宏大的高素質(zhì)人才隊(duì)伍。大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)，推動(dòng)文化改革發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)新跨越，滿(mǎn)足人民群眾不斷增長(zhǎng)的精神文化需求。大力發(fā)展體育事業(yè)。進(jìn)一步深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，健全基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的目標(biāo)。創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理體制機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)管理法律、體制、能力建設(shè)，確保社會(huì)既充滿(mǎn)活力又和諧穩(wěn)定。

——我們要扎實(shí)推進(jìn)資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)。積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。加強(qiáng)資源節(jié)約和管理，提高資源保障能力，加大耕地保護(hù)、環(huán)境保護(hù)力度，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè)和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系建設(shè)，全面增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重提高到11.4%，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放總量減少8%至10%，森林蓄積量增加6億立方米，森林覆蓋率達(dá)到21.66%。切實(shí)加強(qiáng)水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推進(jìn)大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理，明顯提高基本農(nóng)田灌溉、水資源有效利用水平和防洪能力。

——我們要全面改善人民生活。堅(jiān)持把增加就業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)先目標(biāo)，為全體勞動(dòng)者創(chuàng)造公平的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，五年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)4500萬(wàn)人。堅(jiān)持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)居民收入增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同步、勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬增長(zhǎng)和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高同步，逐步提高居民收入在國(guó)民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重，加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)7%。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，減少貧困人口。加快完善社會(huì)保障制度，進(jìn)一步提高保障水平。城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療保障制度實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，提高并穩(wěn)定城鄉(xiāng)三項(xiàng)基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)參保率，政策范圍內(nèi)的醫(yī)?；鹬Ц端教岣叩?0%以上，全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房覆蓋面達(dá)到20%左右。堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育基本國(guó)策，逐步完善政策，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展，人均預(yù)期壽命提高1歲，達(dá)到74.5歲。

——我們要全面深化改革開(kāi)放。更加重視改革頂層設(shè)計(jì)和總體規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)政治體制改革，加快推進(jìn)文化體制、社會(huì)體制改革，不斷完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，擴(kuò)大社會(huì)主義民主，完善社會(huì)主義法制，使上層建筑更加適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展變化，為科學(xué)發(fā)展提供有力保障。堅(jiān)持和完善基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，營(yíng)造各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、同等受到法律保護(hù)的體制環(huán)境。加快財(cái)稅金融體制改革，積極構(gòu)建有利于轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的財(cái)稅體制，構(gòu)建組織多元、服務(wù)高效、監(jiān)管審慎、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可控的金融體系。深化資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和環(huán)保收費(fèi)改革，建立健全能夠靈活反映市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系、資源稀缺程度和環(huán)境損害成本的資源性產(chǎn)品價(jià)格形成機(jī)制。實(shí)施更加積極主動(dòng)的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，培育參與國(guó)際合作與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)新優(yōu)勢(shì)，進(jìn)一步形成互利共贏的開(kāi)放新格局。

——我們要不斷加強(qiáng)政府自身改革建設(shè)。政府的一切權(quán)力都是人民賦予的，必須對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)，為人民謀利益，接受人民監(jiān)督；必須最廣泛地動(dòng)員和組織人民依法管理國(guó)家和社會(huì)事務(wù)，管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)；必須堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)基本方略，加強(qiáng)維護(hù)群眾利益的法制建設(shè)，推進(jìn)依法行政；必須實(shí)行科學(xué)、民主決策，建立健全決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，確保權(quán)力正確行使；必須從制度上改變權(quán)力過(guò)分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，堅(jiān)決懲治和預(yù)防腐敗；必須保障人民的民主權(quán)利和合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。

總之，經(jīng)過(guò)未來(lái)五年努力，實(shí)現(xiàn)“十二五”規(guī)劃的各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)，我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力就會(huì)有更大的提升，人民生活就會(huì)有更大的改善，國(guó)家面貌就會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化。

三、2011年的工作

2011年，是“十二五”開(kāi)局之年，做好今年的工作對(duì)于完成“十二五”各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。過(guò)去一年，我們的各項(xiàng)工作取得了很大成績(jī)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)10.3%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1168萬(wàn)人，國(guó)際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。

今年，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的形勢(shì)仍然極其復(fù)雜。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇，但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)不牢。發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力，失業(yè)率居高難下，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)隱患仍未消除，主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體進(jìn)一步推行寬松貨幣政策，全球流動(dòng)性大量增加，國(guó)際大宗商品價(jià)格和主要貨幣匯率加劇波動(dòng)，新興市場(chǎng)資產(chǎn)泡沫和通脹壓力加大，保護(hù)主義繼續(xù)升溫，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，不穩(wěn)定不確定因素仍然較多。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中一些長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題和短期問(wèn)題相互交織，體制性矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題疊加在一起，加大了宏觀調(diào)控難度。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷形勢(shì)，保持清醒頭腦，增強(qiáng)憂(yōu)患意識(shí)，做好應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。

今年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)8%左右；經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以?xún)?nèi)；國(guó)際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善?？偟目紤]是，為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放在加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上，放在增加就業(yè)、改善民生、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧上。

實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，要保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的連續(xù)性、穩(wěn)定性，提高針對(duì)性、靈活性、有效性，處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)大的波動(dòng)。

繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策。保持適當(dāng)?shù)呢?cái)政赤字和國(guó)債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字9000億元，其中中央財(cái)政赤字7000億元，繼續(xù)代地方發(fā)債2000億元并納入地方預(yù)算，赤字規(guī)模比上年預(yù)算減少1500億元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要著力優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，增加“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、民生、社會(huì)事業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科技創(chuàng)新等重點(diǎn)支出；壓縮一般性支出，嚴(yán)格控制黨政機(jī)關(guān)辦公樓等樓堂館所建設(shè)，出國(guó)（境）經(jīng)費(fèi)、車(chē)輛購(gòu)置及運(yùn)行費(fèi)、公務(wù)接待費(fèi)等支出原則上零增長(zhǎng)，切實(shí)降低行政成本。繼續(xù)實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。依法加強(qiáng)稅收征管。對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，實(shí)施全口徑監(jiān)管，研究建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制。

實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會(huì)融資規(guī)模，廣義貨幣增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架，綜合運(yùn)用價(jià)格和數(shù)量工具，提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重，發(fā)揮好股票、債券、產(chǎn)業(yè)基金等融資工具的作用，更好地滿(mǎn)足多樣化投融資需求。著力優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)商業(yè)銀行加大對(duì)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的信貸支持，嚴(yán)格控制對(duì)“兩高”行業(yè)和產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩行業(yè)貸款。進(jìn)一步完善人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制。密切監(jiān)控跨境資本流動(dòng)，防范“熱錢(qián)”流入。加強(qiáng)儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)的投資和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，提高投資收益。

今年，重點(diǎn)要做好以下幾方面工作。

（一）保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定

當(dāng)前，物價(jià)上漲較快，通脹預(yù)期增強(qiáng)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題涉及民生、關(guān)系全局、影響穩(wěn)定。要把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)主要工業(yè)品總體供大于求、糧食庫(kù)存充裕、外匯儲(chǔ)備較多等有利條件，努力消除輸入性、結(jié)構(gòu)性通脹因素的不利影響，消化要素成本上漲壓力，正確引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)預(yù)期，堅(jiān)決抑制價(jià)格上漲勢(shì)頭。要以經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律手段為主，輔之以必要的行政手段，全面加強(qiáng)價(jià)格調(diào)控和監(jiān)管。一是有效管理市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性，控制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲的貨幣條件。把握好政府管理商品和服務(wù)價(jià)格的調(diào)整時(shí)機(jī)、節(jié)奏和力度。二是大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、基本生活必需品、重要生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)。落實(shí)“米袋子”省長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制。三是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系建設(shè)，積極開(kāi)展“農(nóng)超對(duì)接”，暢通鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸“綠色通道”。完善重要商品儲(chǔ)備制度和主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)制度，把握好國(guó)家儲(chǔ)備吞吐調(diào)控時(shí)機(jī)，搞好進(jìn)出口調(diào)節(jié)，增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控能力。四是加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序。特別要強(qiáng)化價(jià)格執(zhí)法，嚴(yán)肅查處惡意炒作、串通漲價(jià)、哄抬價(jià)格等不法行為。五是完善補(bǔ)貼制度，建立健全社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，絕不能讓物價(jià)上漲影響低收入群眾的正常生活。

（二）進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需特別是居民消費(fèi)需求 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。

積極擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求。繼續(xù)增加政府用于改善和擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)的支出，增加對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)低收入居民和農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)貼。繼續(xù)實(shí)施家電下鄉(xiāng)和以舊換新政策。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村和中小城市商貿(mào)流通、文化體育、旅游、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。大力促進(jìn)文化消費(fèi)、旅游消費(fèi)和養(yǎng)老消費(fèi)。推動(dòng)農(nóng)村商業(yè)連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)和統(tǒng)一配送，優(yōu)化城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)布局，積極發(fā)展電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物、地理信息等新型服務(wù)業(yè)態(tài)。大力整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)秩序，切實(shí)維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。深入開(kāi)展打擊侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)。

大力優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。認(rèn)真落實(shí)國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)民間投資新36條，抓緊制定公開(kāi)透明的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和支持政策，切實(shí)放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，真正破除各種有形和無(wú)形的壁壘，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間資本進(jìn)入基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、市政公用事業(yè)、社會(huì)事業(yè)、金融服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域，推動(dòng)民營(yíng)企業(yè)加強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)民間資本重組聯(lián)合和參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改革，加強(qiáng)對(duì)民間投資的服務(wù)、指導(dǎo)和規(guī)范管理，促進(jìn)社會(huì)投資穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。充分發(fā)揮政府投資對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的引導(dǎo)作用，優(yōu)先保證重點(diǎn)在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需求，有序啟動(dòng)“十二五”規(guī)劃重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。防止盲目投資和重復(fù)建設(shè)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行投資項(xiàng)目用地、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全等準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高投資質(zhì)量和效益。

（三）鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位

堅(jiān)持把“三農(nóng)”工作放在重中之重，在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化深入發(fā)展中同步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢(shì)。確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給，多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入。要把保障糧食安全作為首要目標(biāo)，毫不放松地抓好農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。穩(wěn)定糧食種植面積，支持優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)棉花、油料、糖料等大宗產(chǎn)品。大力發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)、林業(yè)。切實(shí)抓好新一輪“菜籃子”工程建設(shè)，大中城市郊區(qū)要有基本的菜地面積和生鮮食品供給能力。強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐，發(fā)展壯大農(nóng)作物種業(yè)，大規(guī)模開(kāi)展高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建。繼續(xù)實(shí)施糧食最低收購(gòu)價(jià)政策，今年小麥最低收購(gòu)價(jià)每50公斤提高5到7元，水稻最低收購(gòu)價(jià)每50公斤提高9到23元。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，壯大縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高農(nóng)民職業(yè)技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)、創(chuàng)收能力，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民就地就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。提高扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)力度。

大興水利，全面加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、中小河流治理、小型水庫(kù)和病險(xiǎn)水閘除險(xiǎn)加固以及山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治。完善排灌設(shè)施，發(fā)展節(jié)水灌溉，加固河流堤岸，搞好清淤疏浚，消除水庫(kù)隱患，擴(kuò)大防洪庫(kù)容。通過(guò)幾年努力，全面提高防汛抗旱、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地開(kāi)發(fā)整理，大規(guī)模建設(shè)旱澇保收高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，加快全國(guó)新增千億斤糧食生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村水電路氣房建設(shè)，大力改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件，努力為農(nóng)民建設(shè)美好家園。

第四篇：2012年3月5日在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議上

2012年3月5日在第十一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議上

政府工作報(bào)告

（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，遏制物價(jià)過(guò)快上漲，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。

（二）加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，提高發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。我們堅(jiān)持有扶有

控，促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級(jí)，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。

1.鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)

2.加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。

3.推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。

4.促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

（三）大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

1.。持續(xù)提升科技創(chuàng)新能力。

2.扎實(shí)推進(jìn)教育公平。

3.大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)。

4.積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展

（四）切實(shí)保障和改善民生，解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問(wèn)題。我們堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義。

1.實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。

2.積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。

3.加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)。

4.大力推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)。

5努力維護(hù)社會(huì)公共安全。

（五）深入推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展注入新的活力和動(dòng)力。我們按照“十二五”規(guī)劃提出的改革任務(wù)，加大攻堅(jiān)力度，推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的改革。

1.完善公共財(cái)政體系特別是預(yù)算管理制度，把預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理，擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍，深化部門(mén)預(yù)算改革，推進(jìn)政府預(yù)算、決算公開(kāi)，98個(gè)中央部門(mén)和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開(kāi)“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)”。

2.我們堅(jiān)持出口和進(jìn)口并重，利用外資和對(duì)外投資并舉，全面提升開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。

3.我們?cè)诿裰鞣ㄖ平ㄔO(shè)、國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)、港澳臺(tái)工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進(jìn)展。

第五篇：政府工作報(bào)告2008年3月5日(英文版)

Report on the Work of the Government(2008)

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years The past five years since the First Session of the 10th National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the 16th CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded 1.52 trillion U.S.dollars.1 The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached 2.17 trillion dollars in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned space flights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Old field.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million KW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million KW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.-There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.-More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.-Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the U.S.sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.-The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies，The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows: First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and

do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all

types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the

development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and

intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.35 Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.36 We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent

goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.38

We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve

and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic

disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state

plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.42 We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “l(fā)ower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase

employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development

of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to

entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.46 In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and

extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent

environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of

administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.50