第一篇:2016江西教師招聘考試初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:冠詞
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2016江西教師招聘考試初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:冠詞
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a(an)和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,表示“一”的意義,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念,只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者,表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思,在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。I 不定冠詞
We need an apple and a knife.我們需要一個(gè)蘋果和一把刀子。1.a和an的區(qū)別
不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。
a boy, a university, a European country u是元音字母,但發(fā)音是[U(],是輔音。an hour,an honor,an island
h是輔音字母,但它不發(fā)音,它的音標(biāo)是是元音。an elephant,an umbrella,an egg 2(1)不定冠詞的用法
①泛指—類人或物。
eg.This is a pencil case.②指不具體的某個(gè)人或物。
eg.I met an old man On my way home.③用在序數(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.④表示“每—(個(gè))”,相當(dāng)于every.eg.They have music lessons twice a week.必背!
give a lesson
take a bath
have a rest
教(一堂)課
洗(個(gè))澡
休息
have a talk
have a fever
have a good time
聽報(bào)告
發(fā)燒
過(guò)得愉快
have(take)a walk
have a headache
have a nice trip 散步
頭疼
旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo(2)不定冠詞的位置
①不定冠詞—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。eg, a bike, an egg
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②當(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時(shí),不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.③當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。Eg.She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is!
④當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時(shí),不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.That is rather a useful too1.This is a very interesting story.II.定冠詞的用法
(1)定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過(guò)的人或物。
eg:I have two children, a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.(2)特指某(些)人或物。
eg:The girl in a red dress comes from America.(3)指說(shuō)話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。eg: My shoes are under the bed.Please open the window.(4)用在形容最高級(jí)和部分比較級(jí)前,及形容詞only,very,same等前面:
Eg: That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。
Tom is the taller of the two boys.He is the only person who didn't pass the exam.他是唯一一個(gè)沒通過(guò)考試的人。(5)用在序數(shù)詞前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live? I live on the second floor.(6)用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前(如太陽(yáng)、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。eg The moon moves round the earth.(7)用在某些形容詞前,表示—類人或物。
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the rich(富人),the poor(窮人),the deaf(聾人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(傷員)
(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫婦”。eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.(9)用在樂(lè)器前。(但中華民族樂(lè)器前不用冠詞,play Erhu拉二胡)eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.(10)用于逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前,指某個(gè)世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。eg.In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.I think he is in the thirties.(11)用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面。
the Yangzi River
長(zhǎng)江 the North China Plain
華北平原 the Rocky Mountains
洛磯山脈 the Black Sea
黑海(12)用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。the Beijing Railway Station
北京站 the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國(guó)
the United Nations
聯(lián)合國(guó)(13)含有定冠詞the的詞組。
in the morning(afternoon ,evening)在上午(下午、晚上)on the right 在左邊 by the way 順便說(shuō)一下
go to the cinema(theatre ,concert?)去看電影(看戲、聽音樂(lè)會(huì)??)in the front of 在前部 in the front of 在中間 at(in)the beginning 開始 in the end 終于 in the daytime 白天
on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面??;另一方面
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注意:
表示某一類人或事物時(shí),以下三種方法都可以。如: The horse is a useful animal.(用定冠詞)A horse is a useful animal.(用不定冠詞)Horses are useful animals.(用復(fù)數(shù))馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。III.不用冠詞的情況:
(1)名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these, those時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.That girl is my friend.(2)名詞前有物主代詞my, your, his her, their等時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Lucy is her sister.(3)名詞前有whose, which, any, each, every等代詞時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Those young men are teachers, not students.(5)物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Snow is white.(6)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Does she like music?
(7)在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類游戲前時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.play basketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠詞。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(9)在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié) 注意
在民間節(jié)日,即以Festival 組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the。
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如:the Spring festival 春節(jié)(10)在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。
(11)家庭成員的名稱、稱呼語(yǔ)或只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞。注意
此時(shí)要用大寫Mother
Father is at home, but Mother isn't.此時(shí)要用大寫Mother 爸爸在家,媽媽不在家。We'll make you monitor.我們會(huì)讓你當(dāng)上班長(zhǎng)的。
Sir, may you answer me a question? 先生,您能回答我一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?
My favorite is English.(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。
eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, night, go to school, go to bed, at last
4.在有些詞組中,用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院)in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在監(jiān)獄里)at table(吃飯,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面);in the front of(在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面)go to college(上大學(xué));go to the college(去那所大學(xué))take place(發(fā)生);take the place(代替)III.不用冠詞的情況:
(1)名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these, those時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.That girl is my friend.(2)名詞前有物主代詞my, your, his her, their等時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Lucy is her sister.(3)名詞前有whose, which, any, each, every等代詞時(shí)不用冠詞。
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eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Those young men are teachers, not students.(5)物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Snow is white.(6)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Does she like music?
(7)在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類游戲前時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.play basketball/soccer/chess(8)在三餐前不用冠詞。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner(9)在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié) 注意
在民間節(jié)日,即以Festival 組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the。如:the Spring festival 春節(jié)(10)在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。
(11)家庭成員的名稱、稱呼語(yǔ)或只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞。注意
此時(shí)要用大寫Mother
Father is at home, but Mother isn't.此時(shí)要用大寫Mother 爸爸在家,媽媽不在家。We'll make you monitor.我們會(huì)讓你當(dāng)上班長(zhǎng)的。
Sir, may you answer me a question? 先生,您能回答我一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?
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My favorite is English.(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。
eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, at night, go to school, go to bed, at last
4.在有些詞組中,用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院)in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在監(jiān)獄里)at table(吃飯,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面);in the front of(在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面)go to college(上大學(xué));go to the college(去那所大學(xué))take place(發(fā)生);take the place(代替)IV、冠詞基本用法 【速記口訣】
名詞是禿子,常要戴帽子,可數(shù)名詞單,須用a或an,輔音前用a,an在元音前,若為特指時(shí),則須用定冠,復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù),泛指the不見,碰到代詞時(shí),冠詞均不現(xiàn)。
【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 冠詞是中考必考的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之一,也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有:①名詞在一般情況下不單用,常常要和冠詞連用;②表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an,確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;③如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指,名詞前有this,these,my,some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。V冠詞的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn): It's time for dinner.Kings are at
table. A./,the B.the, the C.The,/ D./,/
答案: C.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前用the表示一家人,就餐用at table. 2-What do you usually have for breakfast?
-I often have
bread and
milk. A./,/ B./,the C.a,/ D.the, the 答案: A.物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 Don't give up, try for
second twice. A.the B.a C./ D.an
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答案: B.根據(jù)題意,請(qǐng)?jiān)僭囈淮?,序?shù)詞second前加a,表示another。4 Would you go for
walk with me after
supper? A.the,/ B.a,/ C./,the D./,a
答案: B.go for a walk為固定搭配,三餐前不加冠詞。
There isn't water or air on the moon, and
man can't live on it. A.a B.the C.one D./
答案: D.當(dāng)man表示人類時(shí),前面不加冠詞。
more you read English,better you'll learn. A.The, the B./,/ C.A, a D.The, a 答案: A.定冠詞the用于比較級(jí)中,表示越?,越?
7The Greens ______ upstairs.A.live B.lives C.are lives D.living
此題是考查定冠詞放在姓氏前面表示一家人,the Greens意為 “格林一家人”,是復(fù)數(shù),故選A。
8There is _____“h” in _____ word“ hour”.A.a;a B.an;the C.the;the D.an;an
這道題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞的掌握情況。h雖然是輔音字母,但發(fā)/eitF/的音,是元音音素開頭的,故其前用an。而word“hour”是特指“h”所在的那個(gè)詞,后面一空用the。所以選B。
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第二篇:2016江西教師招聘考試初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:數(shù)詞
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2016江西教師招聘考試初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:數(shù)詞
定義:表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。I基數(shù)詞
1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2)21-99 先說(shuō)“幾十”,再說(shuō)“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3)101—999先說(shuō)“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù); 586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand.第二個(gè)“,”前為
million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。
1,001→on e thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand, four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式)seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)2.基數(shù)詞的用法(1)作主語(yǔ)
eg.Four Of them come from Paris.(2)作賓語(yǔ)
eg.一 How many books would you like? 一I would like two.(3)作表語(yǔ)
eg.Seven minus two is five.(4)作定語(yǔ)
eg.There are three people in my family?(5)作同位語(yǔ)
eg.You two will go swimming with us.(6)表具體數(shù)字時(shí),hundred, thousand ,million用單數(shù)。
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eg.There are six hundred students in our grade.(7)表不確定的數(shù)字時(shí),數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若帶名詞,再加of。hundreds of(數(shù)百,成百上千的),thousands of(數(shù)干,成千上萬(wàn)的),millions of(數(shù)百萬(wàn))two thousand(兩千)Thousands and thousands of people have visited the city.成千上萬(wàn)的人參觀了這座城市。
(8)在一些表示“一排”或“一組”的詞組里;
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋?lái)了。(9)表示“?十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)可以表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。eg.He is in his early thirties.他有三十來(lái)歲(31—34歲): This took place in the 1930s.這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代;(10)表示時(shí)刻 鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。
順讀法(鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘)如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒讀法(分鐘+to/past+鐘點(diǎn))
如:4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.(11)表示百分?jǐn)?shù)
百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)方式是:基數(shù)詞+ percent(單數(shù)形式)+of+名詞。如:
Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.我班30%的學(xué)生來(lái)自城市。
About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.大約61%的表面被水覆蓋著。
(12)小數(shù)的讀法:小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作“point”,小數(shù)后各位數(shù)要分別讀,小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的數(shù)若為“0”可略去不讀。
Examples: 2.468 讀作:two point four six eight
0.157 讀作:(zero)point one five seven II 序數(shù)詞
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1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth,eight→eighth, nine→ninth,twelve——twelfth
(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 2.序數(shù)詞的用法
(1)序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。eg.Tom is their second son.He is the first one to come here.(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)可與不定冠詞連用,表示數(shù)量上“又—”,“再一” eg: He tried a second time.他又試了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time?還要我再問(wèn)他—次嗎?我已問(wèn)了他兩次)(3)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式為:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上這個(gè)詞的末尾兩個(gè)字母。1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4)表示年、月、日時(shí),年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。
2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005 III基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞都可以用來(lái)給數(shù)字編號(hào)
The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二課)第305房間:Room three o(零)five 長(zhǎng)安街76號(hào):seventy-six Changan Street
電話號(hào)碼:204-2244:telephone number two o(零)four two two(double two four four 十一路公共汽車:Bus(No.)eleven IV分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)
江西教師招聘考試模擬題
易公教育 江西教師考試培訓(xùn)第一品牌
分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1時(shí),分母加s
eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths V數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表達(dá)
eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight.9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.VI倍數(shù)表示法
a.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj.+ as
I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。
b.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size(amount,length?)of?
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
c.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than?
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。
d.還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。
江西教師招聘考試模擬題
第三篇:初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法冠詞教案
第4單元 冠詞
(一)不定冠詞a,an
1表示人或事物的某一類(含義相當(dāng)于一類事物的任何一個(gè)) 『例』My father is a driver.Do you like an apple or a pear? She is a girl.
A horse is an animal.An elephant is bigger than a horse.A monkey can climb trees.
2a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的詞前。 『例』a university,an hour,an honest boy
3用于表示數(shù)量、時(shí)間的名詞前,表示“每一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈?!豪籘he plan will be ready in a day or two.有些不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一種”、“一場(chǎng)”、“一堆”時(shí),須加不定冠詞 『例』a heavy snow, a strong wind, make a fire,have a good time
5用于某些固定短語(yǔ)中
『例』a lot of,in a hurry, leave a message, half an hour,a moment ago,have a rest
(二)定冠詞
1.特指某個(gè)或某些人或事物,或指談話雙方都知道的人或事物,或重復(fù)上文提過(guò)的人或事物。
『例』How do you like the film?
I have got a picture.The picture is very nice.
2.用于指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。
『例』 the sun the moon the earth The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
3.定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前或表示方位的名詞前和形容詞最高級(jí)前 或“same/only/very+名詞”前。
『例』the first the best in the south
in the same class He is the only person who knows the secret.
4.用在形容詞前表示一類人或事物。 『例』
The old The rich The poor The young
etc.
5.用于江湖、海洋、山脈、群島的名稱前面。 『例』
the Yellow River, the Himalayas
6.在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the,表示某某一家人,常看成復(fù)數(shù)
『例』The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.=The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
The Smiths are watching TV.
7.樂(lè)器名稱前用定冠詞the
『例』play the piano, play the violin, John played the piano very well.
8.在一些專有名詞和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中常用定冠詞the。 『例』 the Great Wall, by the way, in the morning, the People's Republic of China,the White house
(三)不用冠詞的情況
1.專有名詞人名,地名,節(jié)日,月份,年份,星期和不可數(shù)名詞(一般指物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞)前一般不用冠詞。
『例』
in summer, in August, on Sunday, China, Grade Two,Mr.Li,Dr.Liu,meat
2.球類,棋類,語(yǔ)言,三餐,游戲名稱和顏色前不加冠詞。
『例』in purple, in red, Japanese, Britain, play football,have breakfast
3.名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, no等代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),不用冠詞。
4.在表示家庭成員名稱,稱呼語(yǔ),表示頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞前不加冠詞。
5.表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。
注意下列詞組的區(qū)別:
in fort of=一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的前面,in the front of=在一個(gè)整體里,特指前面部分;
in hospital= 住院,in the hospital=在醫(yī)院里;
a number of children=許多小孩,The number of children =孩子的數(shù)量
第四篇:高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——冠詞
冠詞的定義:
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。
冠詞的分類:
冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞三種。
不定冠詞:泛指、類指
定冠詞:特指、專指、類指
零冠詞:泛指人或事物、類指
不定冠詞的用法:
“a”用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,而不是輔音字母前;“an”用在以元音音素開頭的詞前,而不是元音字母前,(當(dāng)字母單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí) A E I O R S F H L X 也要使用不定冠詞“an”,※ U 這個(gè)字母單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)發(fā)的并不是元音)。
1.用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式之前,表示“一”
There is a tiger in the zoo.A hundred and more people attended this meeting.2.表示一類人或事物
A tiger can be dangerous.※定冠詞the+形容詞(也代表一類人)(eg: the poor)
3.表示“某一個(gè)”或者是指想要成為“像...樣的人物”的意思
A Mr Smith wants to see you.He wants to be a Max in the future.4.表示“同一”;“每一”的意思
They are nearly of an age.The two shirts are much of a size.We go swimming four times a week.5.用在作表語(yǔ)的[C]前,表示身份、職業(yè)
My mother is a teacher.6.第一次提到的人或事物,但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.1
用在某些表示數(shù)量的詞組中:
a lot of 許多a couple of 一對(duì)
a dozen 一打(但也可以用 one dozen)
※用于習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中※
all of a sudden 突然in fact=as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上
as a result 結(jié)果a little 一點(diǎn);一些a bit 一點(diǎn)
a great many=a very large number of許多;大量a great deal(of...)許多a lot(of...)許多
have a good(nice/wonderful/great)time 玩得高興
定冠詞用法:
1.用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.2.用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物
Open the door, please.3.用以復(fù)述上文提過(guò)的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”)Once there lived a lion in the forest.Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.4.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.Shanghai is the biggest city in China.5.表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物
the sun 太陽(yáng)the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空
※a red sun:一輪紅日;a bright moon:一輪明月
6.指由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞
the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城
the United States 美國(guó)the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó)
the Summer Palace頤和園
7.用于表示地點(diǎn)、方位,具體的時(shí)間或某天的一部分等。
in the east 在東方 in the west 在西方
in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面
on the right 在右邊 on the left 在左邊
8.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前要用the
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Huanghe River 黃河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脈the Taiwan Straits 臺(tái)灣海峽
9.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示一家人
The Smiths came to see me yesterday.10.the和某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化,代表一類人或物
the poor 窮人the rich 富人the wounded 傷員
the old 老人the disabled 殘疾人the deaf聾啞人
11.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、政黨的名詞前
the People's Republic of China中華人民共和國(guó)
the working class 工人階級(jí)
12.用在the very強(qiáng)調(diào)句中表示“恰恰是,正是”
This is the very book I want.這就是我想要的那本書。
13.在the more, the more比較級(jí)的句式中
The more, the better.越多越好
14.用于西洋樂(lè)器前
play the piano 彈鋼琴play the violin 拉小提琴
*中國(guó)樂(lè)器名詞前不與冠詞連用:play erhu(二胡)]
15.the加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以表示一類人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.16.在句型“動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某一部位”中要用 the,而不
用人稱代詞。[口訣:敲(knock)打(strike/beat/hit)拍(pat)牽(draw)拉(pull)拽(drag)全部不用他|她|它,而是選擇the]
knock at the door:敲門
hit sb.in the face 打某人的臉
take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
draw sb by the collar:抓住某人的領(lǐng)帶
17.用在世紀(jì)或逢時(shí){1990}的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前
in the 18th century 在18世紀(jì)in the 1960s 在20世紀(jì)60年代
18、用于報(bào)刊 雜志 會(huì)議 條義 歷史 時(shí)期 朝代的名詞前
the Xian incident 西安事變the Tang Dynasty 唐朝
固定搭配
in the morning 在早上go to the cinema 去看電影
all the year round 一年到頭
on the way to 前往...去的路上
零冠詞的用法:
1.專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞(在特指時(shí)加冠詞)Europe 歐洲Money 金錢Music 音樂(lè)
William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亞
Failure is the mother of success.2、月份、星期、節(jié)假日 前一般不加冠詞(在特指時(shí)加冠詞)
January 一月份Sunday 星期日
Thanksgiving Day 感恩節(jié)National Day 國(guó)慶節(jié)
※...on a Sunday morning.在一個(gè)星期天的早晨...(表示某一個(gè)。)
※民族節(jié)日前要加theeg:the Spring Festival 春節(jié)
3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞,三餐前加[adj]時(shí)要用冠詞,I have lunch at school.※ 比較:I had a big lunch yesterday.The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.4.進(jìn)行球類運(yùn)動(dòng) 交通工具 學(xué)科名稱前不加冠詞
play volleyball 打排球by air坐飛機(jī)French 法語(yǔ)
5.沒有特指的物質(zhì)名詞、不可數(shù)抽象名詞、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、專有名詞前一般
不用冠詞。
This desk is made of wood.※ 比較:The wood outside was all wet.6、在街道名稱以及專有名詞命名的公共場(chǎng)所的名詞前一般不用冠詞
Buckingham Palace:白金漢宮Downing Street唐寧街
7.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞以及在普通名詞+as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中不加冠詞 :A boy came in, book in hand.Child as he is,he knows a great deal.8.指唯一的職位、頭銜時(shí),如king,captain,president,chairman 不用冠詞。He is captain of the team.他是球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。
We elected him manager of our company.我們選他為公司的經(jīng)理。
冠詞位置:
1)不定冠詞位置
不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意:
a.位于下列形容詞之后: such,what,many,half,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b.當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠
詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c.quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
d.在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.2)定冠詞位置
定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。
All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。
第五篇:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---名詞、代詞和冠詞
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---冠詞 冠詞基本用法 【速記口訣】
名詞是禿子,常要戴帽子,可數(shù)名詞單,須用a或an,輔音前用a,an在元音前,若為特指時(shí),則須用定冠,復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù),泛指the不見,碰到代詞時(shí),冠詞均不現(xiàn)?!久钫Z(yǔ)詮釋】
冠詞是中考必考的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之一,也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有:①名詞在一般情況下不單用,常常要和冠詞連用;②表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an,確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;③如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指,名詞前有this,these,my,some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---名詞
(一)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 A.規(guī)則變化 1.單詞后加S 2.單詞后加ES(以CH等結(jié)尾的單詞)3.以F或FE結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閂E加S B.不規(guī)則變化
1.單復(fù)同形
deer sheep
fish
Chinese
Japanese
means 2.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
people
police
cattl
clothes
trousers,glasses 3.不規(guī)則變化
man----men
woman----women
foot-----feet
tooth-----teeth mouse------mice
child-----children
German------Germans 4.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 1)將后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)
Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)將主要成分變成復(fù)數(shù)
looker-on----lookers-on
son-in-law----sons-in-law
3)如果前一詞是man, woman,將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù) men doctors
women 小結(jié)
grown-up----grown-ups
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 【速記口訣】
單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),規(guī)則要記住,一般加s,特殊有幾處: 【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】
①大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s,也就是單詞如果以ch,sh,s,x等結(jié)尾),則一般加es;②以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro,hero)兩菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f,fe變?yōu)関e再加s;④英語(yǔ)中還有些單詞沒有規(guī)則,需要特殊記憶,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox— oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。
(二)名詞所有格
1.表示有生命的東西的名詞,所有格在名詞后加’s Mr Li’s house
The cat’s food
James’ dog
The dogs’ food 2.表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞,用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示 The leg of the desk
the cover of the magazine 3.在時(shí)間,距離,度量,價(jià)值等名詞后,可用名詞所有格。Two months’ time
Today’s newspaper
fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí),常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s
the tailor’s
my uncle’s
the barber’s 5.名詞前有冠詞,數(shù)詞,不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí),用of詞組+所有格表示 a friend of John’s
that bike of Tom’s 6.某樣?xùn)|西為兩人或多人共有,在后一個(gè)名詞尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother
Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car
Tom’s and Tim’s car 小結(jié)
名詞所有格用法 【速記口訣】
名詞所有格,表物是“誰(shuí)的”,若為生命詞,加“’s”即可行,詞尾有s,僅把逗號(hào)擇;并列名詞后,各自和共有,前者分別加,后者最后加;若為無(wú)生命詞,of所有格,前后須倒置,此是硬規(guī)則?!久钫Z(yǔ)詮釋】
①有生命的名詞所有格一般加s,但如果名詞以s結(jié)尾,則只加“’”;②并列名詞所有格表示各自所有時(shí),分別加“’s”,如果是共有,則只在最后名詞加 “’s”;③如果是無(wú)生命的名詞則用of表示所有格,這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語(yǔ)不同,A of B要翻譯為B的A(三)主謂一致
主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。He is a student.We are students.1
and 連接兩個(gè)名詞,看有無(wú)the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2
主語(yǔ)單數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)
主語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作為一個(gè)整體,(如度量,距離,金額,時(shí)間,書名等)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原則。
There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集體名詞,如family ,team 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),若當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù),若就其中一個(gè)一個(gè)成員來(lái)看,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù),class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也類似
His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成雙成對(duì)構(gòu)成的東西,如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但與a pair一起構(gòu)成作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
7.each , every+名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8.以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also,not…but…等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原則。
Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞單數(shù) + 謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)
…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù) Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)
…the only/the very one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語(yǔ)單數(shù) He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.