仁愛版英語八-九年級(jí)教材知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1（范文模版）

第一篇：仁愛版英語八-九年級(jí)教材知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1（范文模版）

仁愛版八年級(jí)英語語言點(diǎn)歸納

Unit 1 Sports and Games Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? 1.see sb.do sth “看見某人做了某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程,常與every day;often等連用.see sb.doing sth.“看見某人正在做某事” 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.Eg : I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river.我?？匆娝诤舆叜嫯?I saw her go across the street.我看見她過了馬路

I saw her going across the street.我看見她正在過馬路.[類似的有watch,hear,feel 等這類感觀動(dòng)詞.] 2.join sb.表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”

join + 組織

表示 “加入某個(gè)組織”

take part in

表示 “參加/出席某個(gè)活動(dòng)”

如: Will you join us?

I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.3.prefer to 更喜歡

（to是介詞，后接名詞、V-ing形式）

Eg：She prefers fish to meat.She prefers playing the piano to playing the guitar.4.arrive in + 大地點(diǎn)arrive at + 小地點(diǎn)

get to + 地點(diǎn) = reach + 地點(diǎn) 如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived at the Great Wall.= I got to the Great Wall.= I reached the Great Wall.注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home 5.leave? 離開??

leave for? 動(dòng)身去?/離開到?

如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow.明天他們要離開北京.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.后天他們要前往日本.6.a few “幾個(gè);一些” 修飾可數(shù)名詞

a little “一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)” 修飾不數(shù)名詞如: There are a few eggs in the basket.There is a little water in the bottle.7.how long 表示“多久(時(shí)間)”;提問時(shí)間段.how often 表示 “多常;多久一次”;提問時(shí)間的頻率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week.→ How long will they stay in Beijing?

He plays basketball twice a week.→

How often does he play basketball? 8..be good at(doing)sth.= do well in(doing)sth.擅長(zhǎng)于(做)某事

如: She is good at(playing)baseball.= She does well in(playing)baseball.9..make sth/sb + adj.使某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)

keep ?sth/sb + adj.保持某物(某人)在某種狀態(tài)

如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.重點(diǎn)語法

一般將來時(shí)：

（一）be going to 結(jié)構(gòu): ①表示主語進(jìn)行某一將來行動(dòng)的打算、意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思，因此通常認(rèn)為用be going to表達(dá)的行動(dòng)很可能會(huì)見諸實(shí)踐。

如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同學(xué)們一起打籃球。

She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.她打算為她媽媽買一件毛衣。

②表預(yù)測(cè)。指根據(jù)跡象推測(cè)，而且馬上或很快就要發(fā)生。

如：Look at those clouds.It’s going to rain.瞧那些烏云！快要下雨了！

（二）will + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示單純的將來事實(shí)，常與表將來的時(shí)間狀語如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year?)等連用。will not = won’t;縮略形式為’ll.表示作出立即的決定。這種意圖并未經(jīng)過事先的考慮或計(jì)劃，是臨時(shí)的一種決定。如：a.----Please put your things away, Tom.湯姆，把你的東西收拾好。----I’m sorry.I’ll do it right away.對(duì)不起。我馬上就去做。b.----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡還是茶？

----I will have a cup of tea,please.我要一杯茶。

c.Don’t worry.I’ll help you.別擔(dān)心。我會(huì)幫你的。表示預(yù)測(cè)。指說話人對(duì)于將來的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè)。

如： I’m sure our team will win next time.我確信下次我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。Maybe she will go to the gym.也許她會(huì)去體育館。

表示許諾。如： I’ll do better next time.下次我會(huì)做得更好的。

I’ll visit you tomorrow.明天我會(huì)去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.一般疑問句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon? 回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will.No, I/she /he/they won’t.（三）動(dòng)詞plan, come, go, leave, fly等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事.如： I’m coming.我就來。

He is leaving for Shanghai.他將到上海去。

We are going to Beijing.我們將去北京。

Topic 2

Would you mind teaching me ? 1.ill 與 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表語而既可作表語也可作定語.如: The man is ill/sick.那個(gè)男人病了.(作表語)

He is a sick man.他是個(gè)病人.(作定語)2.Would you mind(not)doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好嗎?” 如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 來修理它好嗎?

Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在這兒吸煙好/介意嗎? 3.one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)

表示 “其中之一??”, 主語是one,表單數(shù).謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

如: One of my teammates is strong and tall.其中我的一個(gè)隊(duì)友又高又壯。4.miss “錯(cuò)過,思念,遺失”

如: I missed the last bus yesterday.昨天我錯(cuò)過最后一班車.He missed his mother.他想念他的母親.My God!I missed(=lost)my key.天啊!我把鑰匙弄丟了.5.do one’s best 盡某人的最大努力

= try one’s best We do our best to finish the task.6.be sure to do sth.= be sure that + 句子

“確定做某事”

如: We are sure to win next time.= We are sure that we will win next time.我們確信下次一定會(huì)贏。

7.be sorry for? “為某事抱歉”

be sorry to do sth.= be sorry(that)+ 句子 “很抱歉做了某事” 如: I am very sorry for what I said.我為我所說的話感到抱歉.I’m sorry I lost your book.= I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丟你的書。8.tired adj.“（感到）疲憊的” , 主語是人

如: I feel tired today.今天我感到累了.tiring adj.“令人疲勞的”, 主語是事物

如:This job is tiring.這份工作令人疲憊.類似的有: excited 感到興奮的 exciting 令人興奮的 interested 感到有趣的interesting 有趣的 9.15-year-old “15歲的” years old “15歲”

如: He is a 15-year-old boy.= The boy is 15 years old.類似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles 10.instead “替代;相反”, 一般單獨(dú)使用,放在句末,前面用逗號(hào)隔開.instead of?“替代??;而不??,相反”

如: I won’t go to Shanghai.I’ll go to Beijing, instead.我不會(huì)去上海而會(huì)去北京.= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water.我喝了許多牛奶而不是水.have fun doing sth.= enjoy doing sth.表示 “從做??.中獲得樂趣”

如: I have great fun running.= I enjoy running.我總能在跑步中得到很大樂趣。

Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in? 1.be ready for 為?準(zhǔn)備

= prepare for

Eg：We are ready for the final exam

= We are preparing for the final exam 2.encourage 鼓勵(lì)

(to + V)Eg：We should encourage children to look after themselves.3.take / do exercise 做鍛煉

Eg：They often takes / does exercise in the morning.4.group up 長(zhǎng)大

Eg：What are you going to be when you grow up.bring up : 撫養(yǎng)

5.a symbol of代表

= stand for Eg：?The?Tang?costume?stands?for?Chinese?fashion?culture?and?the?long?history?of?China.The?Tang?costume is a symbol of Chinese?fashion?culture?and?the?long?history?of?China.6.at least 至少

at most 至多

Eg：We need at least another two days to finish the task.There are 1000 students in this school at most.7.fill out + 名詞

“填好??” fill + 名詞/代詞+out

如: Please fill out this form.= Please fill this form out.請(qǐng)?zhí)詈眠@張表格.Please fill it/them out.(當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí), 只能放中間)請(qǐng)把它(們)填好.8.be afraid?

“恐怕” 指有禮貌地、委婉地拒絕別人.be afraid of?

“害怕(做)??”

如: I’m afraid I won’t be free.我恐怕沒有空.He is afraid of dogs.他害怕狗.They are afraid of losing the game.他們害怕輸了比賽.9.may be “可能是??”

may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be maybe “或許;可能”

maybe是副詞

如: He may be a teacher.= Maybe he is a teacher.他可能是一名老師.He may know her name.= Maybe he knows her name.他可能知道她的名字.10.between 在兩者之間

among

在三者或三者當(dāng)中如: The answer is between A and B.答案在A和B 之間.The winner is among of us.獲勝者在我們當(dāng)中.Unit 2

Keeping Healthy Topic 1 How are you feeling today? 1.身體某個(gè)部位 + ache，表身體某處疼痛。

如: headache 頭痛

backache 背痛

stomachache 胃痛

toothache 牙痛2.medicine

“藥”（為不可數(shù)名詞）

pill

“藥片”（為可數(shù)名詞）如: take some medicine

吃些藥

take some cold pills

吃些感冒藥 3.with

“含有?”

without “沒有”

Eg：hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶

coffee with sugar and milk

加糖和牛奶

mooncake with eggs 含雞蛋的月餅

Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中國(guó)清茶

Go to school without(eating)breakfast.沒吃早飯去上學(xué)。4.well 康復(fù)

well 是副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。作為形容詞來用時(shí)，是“身體健康”的意思。Eg：She dances well.(well是副詞)

Take care of you，you’ll be well soon.(well是形容詞)good是形容詞，“好的”

eg：He is a good boy.5.You’d better go to see a doctor.你最好去看醫(yī)生

see a doctor 看醫(yī)生

had better(not)do sth 最好（不）做某事 Eg：You’d better ask your teacher for help

You have a fever，Let’s see a doctor.Your leg is hurt，you’d better not move.6.have a rest 休息一下

Eg:You look tired ,why not have a rest? 7.until

“直到?為止”;句中動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

not ?until?

“直到?才?”;句中動(dòng)詞一般為短暫性動(dòng)詞

如: He will wait for his father until ten o’clock.他將等他父親一直到10點(diǎn)為止.He won’t leave until his father comes.直到他父親來他才離開.8.plenty of? “充足;大量”

既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 只用于肯定句, 相當(dāng)于a lot of?/ lots of?

many

“許多”, 修飾可數(shù)名詞

much

“許多”, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water.你應(yīng)該喝大量的開水.You shouldn’t drink so much water.你不應(yīng)該喝這么多水.I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books.我有許多水.Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.1.be good for?

對(duì)??有益

be bad for?

對(duì)?有害如: Swimming is good for health.游泳對(duì)健康有益.Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes.在強(qiáng)烈的陽光下看書對(duì)眼睛有害.2.enough adj.“足夠的”

修飾名詞時(shí), 既可放在名詞之前, 也可放在名詞之后.(但通常放在名詞之前)如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work.我有足夠的時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作.There is enough food in the fridge.冰箱里有足夠的食物.adv.“足夠地”

修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí), 均放在所修飾詞的后面.如: He is tall enough to reach the apple.他足夠高,能夠得著蘋果.He speaks clearly enough.他講得足夠清楚.3.need “需要, 必需”

作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞: need sth.需要某物

need to do sth.需要做某事如: I need some help.我需要一些幫助.You need to see a doctor.你需要去看醫(yī)生.He needs to take a bus.他需要去搭車.作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: need + 動(dòng)詞原形

如: If she wants anything, she only need ask.她想要什么東西, 只要開口就行了.You needn’t finish this work today.你不必今天完成這項(xiàng)工作.4.too much + 不可數(shù)名詞

表“太多的?”

much too + 形容詞

表“太?”，much 起加強(qiáng)語氣作用

如：Don’t eat too much meat.不要吃太多的肉。

He is much too fat.他實(shí)在太胖了。5.give up 放棄

Eg|：In order to keep healthy，you must give up smoking and drinking.6.Staying up late is bad for your health.熬夜有害你的健康.(V-ing短語做主語)

staying up（late）熬夜（到很晚）6.throw about 亂扔

Eg：We shouldn’t throw litter about.7.in public 公共的

Eg：We shouldn’t smoke in public.8.more than 超過

less than 少于

Eg：There are more than 1000 students in that school.I do morning exercise less than three times a week.9.must “必須, 一定”

如: We must study hard.我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí).must表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于肯定句；在疑問句和否定句中一般應(yīng)用can,否定句中也可用功ay,但may not表示“可能不”，而can't表示“不可能”；

(4）否定句中，mustn't表示禁止，意為“不允許”。以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答應(yīng)用must，而否定回答則常用needn't,needn't表示“不需要、不必”，相當(dāng)于don't have to。如：

There's someone knocking on the door.It must he Jim.有人敲門?？隙ㄊ羌?。

Eg-Must we keep the windows open all the time?

-No, we don’t have to./ No, we needn’t.(注意回答時(shí)不能用No, we mustn’t.)* have to “不得不,必須”, 側(cè)重表示因客觀條件或客觀環(huán)境的迫使而＂不得不做某事＂．（可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)）

如：It’s too late.I have to go now.太遲了.現(xiàn)在我得走了.I had to borrow some money at that time.那時(shí)我不得不借了一些錢.Topic 3 We should do to fight SARS? 1.hurry up 趕快 2.be on TV 上電視 Eg：He is on TV 3.go ahead 向前走；著手干

Eg：Go ahead and you will find a bank.-Mr.Wang ,I want to ask you a question.-Go ahead.4.build up 使強(qiáng)健

Eg:We must do as much exercise as we can to build up our bodies.5.take care of 照顧

= look after Eg: The boy is too young to take care of himself.= The boy is too young to look after himself.6.It’s my duty to save the patients.挽救病人是我的職責(zé)。

It’s my duty to do sth 做?是我的責(zé)任 Eg：It’s our duty to keep the classroom clean.7.on 通過，使用

Eg：Now，more and more students learn English on Internet.8.Long time no see.好久不見。

9.talk with sb.表 “與??交流” , 指 “與人平等地交流、討論”

talk to sb.表示 “找某人談話” , 在口語中常 “責(zé)備某人” 如: Jim’s father is talking with the teacher.吉姆的父親正在和老師交談.I will talk to him about his careless.我要找他談話,批評(píng)他的粗心大意.10.teach oneself 自學(xué)

= learn by oneself

Eg：His family is too poor to afford his education ,so he teach himself after school.11.enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興

12.help sb(to)do sth = help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事如: I helped my mother cook at home.= I helped my mother with the cook at home.我在家?guī)臀夷赣H做飯.Unit3 Our Hobbies Topic 1 What hobbies did you use to have ?

1.What beautiful stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么漂亮的郵票！what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

（1）.What +a(an)＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式＋主語十謂語！

What a beautiful girl she is！

她是一個(gè)多么漂亮的女孩呀！

（2）.What＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式＋主語＋謂語！女日：

What important jobs they have done！

他們做了多么重要的工作呀！

（3）.What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！如：

How sweet water it is！多甜的水呀！

how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

（1）.How十形容詞或副詞＋主語＋謂語！如：

How interesting the dog is！多么有趣的狗呀！

（2）.How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式＋主語＋謂語！如：

How useful a subject they are learning！

他們正在學(xué)的科目多么有用呀！

（3）.How＋主語＋謂語！如：

How time flies！時(shí)間過得真快呀！

技巧總結(jié)：從后往前劃出主語、謂語，然后看前部的中心詞，名詞用what，形容詞、副詞用how。

2.We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps.(Page 53)通過這些郵票我們可以學(xué)到許多關(guān)于人文、地理、歷史和特殊時(shí)代的知識(shí)。

a lot “許多、大量”，用在動(dòng)詞后，同very much。如: eg： She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“許多、大量”，要用在名詞前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。Eg：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有許多歷史書。

There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有許多雪。

a lot of和lots of之間沒有多大區(qū)別，都可以與可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞連用。與不可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，與可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。見上述例句。3.What things do you love collecting?(Page 53)你喜歡集什么東西？ love + doing表示“喜歡、愛好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如： 1）I love listening to the music.我愛好聽音樂。

5.I am interested in playing sports.(Page 54)我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。

be interested in(doing)sth.“對(duì)?感興趣”如:

I?am interested in reading books.我對(duì)讀書特別感興趣。

Jack is interested in football.杰克對(duì)足球很感興趣。

6.What do you often do in your spare time?

在你的業(yè)余時(shí)間里面你都做些什么啊？ in one’s spare time “在業(yè)余時(shí)間”“在閑暇之際”，也可用in one’s free time替換。如: eg：I shall do it in my spare time.我會(huì)在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間做這件事。

In my free time I often go to the movies.在閑暇之際，我常去看電影。

?7.I often go fishing.(Page 55)我經(jīng)常去釣魚。go + doing表示“去做某事”

go +v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)很常用，多用于體育活動(dòng)和業(yè)余娛樂活動(dòng)。如: 1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我們?nèi)メ烎~吧。

2)Are you going hiking this weekend?這個(gè)周末你打算去遠(yuǎn)足嗎？

另外還有：go hunting 去打獵??go shooting 去射擊??go swimming 去游泳 go bathing 去沐浴??go shopping 去購物??go climbing 去爬山 8.And I do a lot of reading.我通常都是閱讀一些書籍。在英語中有不少由“do + doing”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“干某事”。如：散步?do some walking ?? ?do a lot of walking 讀書?do some?reading

do a lot of reading 洗衣服?do some?washing

do a lot of washing 買東西?do some shopping

do a lot of shopping 清掃?do some cleaning

do a lot of cleaning 9.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?

為什么不走出去做一些戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)呢？用why not do sth

用來征求對(duì)方的意見或表達(dá)建議。使用這種句子必須要有上下文，如：

Why not run a little faster?為什么不跑快一點(diǎn)呢？

11.And I wasn’t interested in sports at all.我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)一點(diǎn)興趣都沒有。not...at all “一點(diǎn)也不??”；“全然不”。如： 1）I didn’t mind it at all.我一點(diǎn)也不在意。

2）—Thank you for helping me.謝謝你幫助我?！狽ot at all.沒關(guān)系。12.I used to know little about paintings.我過去不太懂繪畫。

little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相當(dāng)于not much, few相當(dāng)于not many。little與不可數(shù)名詞連用, few與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。如：

I have little time.我的時(shí)間很少。

Few people would agree with him.沒有多少人同意他。而a little和a few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“幾個(gè)”（雖然少，但有一些）。如：

There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里還有點(diǎn)兒水。

I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京還有幾個(gè)朋友。13.I enjoy listening to rock music.(Page 56)我喜歡聽搖滾音樂。

enjoy意為“喜歡，欣賞”，含有“樂于、享受??之樂趣”之意，其后可以跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。

The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜歡在中國(guó)居住。

Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在動(dòng)物園玩得愉快嗎？

Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外國(guó)人喜歡中國(guó)菜。

prefer意為“寧愿、更喜歡”，用于兩者之間的選擇，其后可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式。prefer...to...表示“寧愿?，不愿?”，“喜歡?而不喜歡?”，其中to為介詞，后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：

Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?

你比較喜歡喝茶，還是喝咖啡？

I prefer walking to cycling.我喜歡步行勝過騎單車。

My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.我哥哥喜歡數(shù)學(xué)，而我更喜歡英語。

14.Did you use to go swimming during?summer vacations? 在暑假里，你過去經(jīng)常去游泳么？

during “在?的期間、在?的時(shí)候”。如：

The sun gives us light during the daytime.太陽在白天給我們陽光。

He called to see me during my absence.當(dāng)我不在的時(shí)候他來訪過我。

15．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house.(Page 57)我過去常在我家門前的池塘里游泳。

in front of “在??的前面”；指在物體外部的前面。而in the front of “??的前部”；指在物體內(nèi)部的前面，即前部。注意它們的區(qū)別。試比較：

eg:

There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大樹。

The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司機(jī)坐在汽車的前面。

16.When they are free, people usually do what they like.當(dāng)人們空閑的時(shí)候，他們總是做一些自己喜歡的事情。

free “有空、空閑”，be free可以替換為have time。如：

eg:

Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空嗎？

If I am free, I am going to visit the museum.= If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有時(shí)間，我打算去參觀博物館。17.such as

比如?

Eg|：They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps.他們也繪畫或者收集一些東西，例如：硬幣、娃娃或郵票。

eg: We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.我們學(xué)習(xí)很多的科目，比如語文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語和物理。

本句中become, keep, be, 與get都是系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞的基本用法是其后加形容詞做表語。三.語法學(xué)習(xí)

used to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的習(xí)慣（過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或狀態(tài)（暗含的意思是現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在），只有一種形式，即過去式，用于所有人稱。used to的否定形式為：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑問句為Used you to...? 或 Did you use to...?如：

eg: He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it.他過去不喜歡京劇，但現(xiàn)在非常喜歡。

現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人在口語中或不太正式的書面語中對(duì)否定句和疑問句常使用與do 連用的形式。例如：

1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much.我過去不喜歡滑冰，但現(xiàn)在很喜歡。

2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪兒？

3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前這里有一座劇院，是不是？

另外，注意be used to doing sth.與used to do sth.的區(qū)別：

be used to doing sth “習(xí)慣于??，適應(yīng)于??”如:

eg: He is used to working hard.他習(xí)慣于努力地工作。

eg: He used to bring me roses when he came to see me.過去他來看我時(shí),常帶玫瑰花。

be used to do sth.“某物被用來做某事”。如：

eg: Computers can be used to do a lot of work now.如今電腦可用來做許多事.3.He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not.他并不介意它們是否是好的。

此句為以whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。whether...or not“不論是否?”。如：

eg: You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.你必須天天早點(diǎn)起床，不論是否下雨。

if與whether的區(qū)別。

whether 后可緊接or not，而if一般不能。

eg: Let me know whether or not you can come.你能來還是不能來，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可移到主句前，if則不能。如：

eg: Whether this is true or not, I can not say.這件事是否真實(shí)，我說不上。

不定式前用whether，不用if。如：

I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.介詞后可用whether，不用if。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家還沒有定。

Topic2 What sweet music!1.What kind of musical instrument can you play?(Page 62)你會(huì)彈什么種類的樂器？ kind 是“種類，類型”的意思。如：

a kind of 一種，all kinds of各種各樣，what kind of 什么類型的。如: eg: Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food.餃子是一種中國(guó)食品。

eg: There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library.北京圖書館有各種各樣的圖書。eg: What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room? 2.They are very popular among young people.(Page 64)它們?cè)谀贻p人當(dāng)中很流行。among 介詞“在??當(dāng)中”,“在??中間”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介詞“在??當(dāng)中”,“在??中間”之意，則只能用于兩者之間。如：

eg: Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.eg: Mary is sitting between the twins.瑪麗坐在雙胞胎的中間。? 8.Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs.(Page 64)be famous for“以??而著名”, “因?而出名”。如：

eg: Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。be famous as ?

作為?出名

Eg: YaoMing is famous as a basketball player.9.In the fall of 1976, aEg：He’ll try his best to work hard in order to/so as to catch up with his classmates.=

He’ll try his best to work hard so that he can catch up with his classmates.他將盡全力努力學(xué)習(xí)為了能趕上他的同學(xué)。5.raise money集資，籌款

6.復(fù)習(xí)定語從句

Topic2 Cooking is fun Section A

1、teach sb.to do sth.教某人（如何）做某事

Eg：You often teach me to be kind to the poor and the old.你經(jīng)常教我要善待窮人和老人。

2、It’s very kind of you.你真是太好了。

It is different for us to finish the task in a short time.兩句中用of 還是for，取決于形容詞是修飾人還是不定式。

4、After that, fill bowels 70%—80% full with bone soup slowly.之后，慢慢地在碗里加7—8分的骨頭湯。

fill ?with“用??裝滿”,fill用作動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成be filled with等同于be full of譯為“充滿，裝滿” 如：

Fill the glass with water.往杯子里注滿水（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）

The glass is filled of water.= The glass is full of water.杯子里裝滿了水（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）?

5、It’s not impolite to smoke during a meal in France.在法國(guó)，吃飯時(shí)吸煙不是不禮貌的。During是介詞，后常跟名詞或短語，而while是連詞，后常跟從句。如：

? What did you do during the summer holiday? 在暑假期間你做了什么？這里不能用while代替。

6、what does the dinner start with ? 晚餐先吃什么？

begin/start with 以??開始，如：Let’s start our class with Unit 1.讓我們從第一單元開始上課。

7、Never drink too much during a dinner.就餐時(shí)千萬別喝太多。

too much 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，too many是修飾可數(shù)名詞，而much too是修飾形容詞和副詞。如：too much water太多的水，too many trees太多的樹木，much too tired太累了

7.pick up 抓起，拾起

eg：In parts of India, they use their fingers and bread to pick up the food.在印度地區(qū)，他們用手指和面包來抓食物。

另外還有“（用車）接（人或物）之意。如： I’ll come to pick you up.我會(huì)開車去接你。

Topic3.Welcome to our food festival!1.enjoy yourselves!祝你們玩得開心！

enjoy oneself 相當(dāng)于have a good /nice/great/wonderful time

2.Anything else ? 還要?jiǎng)e的嗎？

else譯為“別的”“其他的”常修飾疑問詞，不定代詞并放在所修飾詞的后面。如：what else, who else, nobody else, something else等。other也表示“別的”“其他的”，但它修飾名詞。如：some other people其他的一些人，other修飾名詞people,不能用else代替。

3.The Beijing roast duck smells nice and tastes nice, too.北京烤鴨聞起來很香嘗起來也香。

① 這里smell和taste都是系動(dòng)詞，后面加上形容詞nice表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，“系動(dòng)詞+adj.”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，這類動(dòng)詞還有l(wèi)ook, feel, sound, seem, get, turn, become, grow, make, keep等。

? ②too, also, as well和either 都可以表示“也”，但用法不同：

also較正式，位置通常接近動(dòng)詞，不用于句末：too多用于口語，位置通常在句末，前面常有逗號(hào)隔開，as well也多用于口語，只用于句末，以上3個(gè)詞都不用于否定句，而either 卻用于否定句。如

He also plays the piano.他也彈鋼琴。

He is a worker, too.他也是個(gè)工人。

He plays the guitars as well.他也彈吉他。

He was not there ,either.他也不在那里。

4.We must remember that we should eat not only our favorite food but also other healthy food.我們必須記住我們不僅要吃我們喜歡吃的食物，而且還要吃其他有益健康的食物

not only?but also?不但??而且，這種結(jié)構(gòu)屬于“對(duì)稱”的句型，要求only和also 盡量用同樣的詞語，如：

She not only reads English ,but also speaks French.她不僅能看懂英語，而且還能說法語。5.The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are.我們的飲食越有規(guī)律，我們身體就越健康。The+比較級(jí)??，the+比較級(jí)??表越??就越。如：

The more trees we plant, the more beautiful our city is.我們種越多的樹，我們的城市就越漂亮。

6.Not all students have a regular breakfast.并非所有的學(xué)生早餐飲食有規(guī)律。

Not all譯成“并非所有的”，是部分否定。如：

Not all students like swimming.并不是所有的學(xué)生喜歡游泳。

Unit 8 Beautiful Clothes Topic 1 What a nice coat!1.what’s it made of?它是由什么做成的？

be made of意為“由??制成”（看出原料），類似結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有

be made from“由??制成”（看不出原料）

be made in “某物生產(chǎn)于某地”

be made up of“由??組成”

???be made into“把??作成某產(chǎn)品”如：

eg：The table is made of wood.這張桌子是木頭制成的。

Paper is made from wood.紙是木材做成的。

The TV set is made in Japan.這臺(tái)電視機(jī)是日本產(chǎn)的。

The medical team is made up of ten doctors.這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由十位大夫組成。

Bamboo can be made into walking sticks and fishing rods.用竹子可以制成很好的拐杖和釣魚竿。

2.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天氣變得越來越暖和了。

“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越??”如：

The little tree is getting taller and taller.那棵小樹越來越高了。

對(duì)于多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞則這樣表達(dá)more and more+adj/adv.如：

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.那個(gè)女孩變得越來越漂亮了 3.We can get cotton from plants and get wool,silk and leather from animals.我們可以從植物中獲得棉花，從動(dòng)物中獲得羊毛、絲綢和皮革。get sth.from/sth./sb.從某事或某人處獲得某物。4.catch one’s eye 意為“吸引某人的注意”如：

Can you catch the teacher’s eye? 你能引起老師的注意嗎？

5.What the people there wear depends on their likes and? dislikes.人們的衣著取決于他們的喜好。

depend on 意為“依靠、依賴”如：

We depend on our hard work.我們依靠我們的努力工作。

6.Some people prefer to dress formally?一些人寧可打扮得正式些 prefer 寧肯，更喜歡??，prefer A to B = like A better than B eg：I like prefer singing =I like singing better.我更喜歡唱歌。

I prefer swimming to skating.比起滑冰我更喜歡游泳。

7.While many South American people have the same way of dressing as Australia?然而許多南美的人們和澳大利亞有相同的衣著方式。

While用于對(duì)比兩件事物，意為“而??，然而??”

Michael is interested in music, while his brother prefers P.E.邁克對(duì)音樂感興趣，而他的兄弟卻喜歡體育。

the same? as 和??一樣/相同，反義詞：be different from?與??不一樣，如：

My idea is the same as yours, but it’s different from his我的主意和你的一樣，但和他的不一樣。

8.People first started wearing clothes to protect themselves from the sun ,wind, rain and cold.人們最早穿衣服是為了保護(hù)他們不受日曬、風(fēng)吹、雨打以及寒冷。

protect ?from sth/doing sth? 阻止??做??

eg：The trees can protect the sand from moving.樹可以防止沙子向前移。?

Try to protect your skin from the sun.盡量保護(hù)你的皮膚不受太陽暴曬。

Topic2 Different jobs require different uniforms 1.I don’t like uniform because they will so ugly on us.我不喜歡校服，因?yàn)槲覀兇┝怂雌饋砗艹蟆?/p>

look so ugly on us意為“穿在我們身上看起來很丑”

2.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform.我認(rèn)為我們的學(xué)校應(yīng)該允許我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)自己的校服。

allow“允許、許可”，allow sb.to do sth.“允許某人做某事”如：

Mr.Wang allows us to play football.王老師允許我們踢足球。3.They are good for patients.他們對(duì)病人有好處。

be good for 對(duì)??有益，be bad for 對(duì)??有壞處，be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于

4.Second,patients can find easily when they are in need.第二，當(dāng)病人需要我們時(shí)，會(huì)很容易地找到我們。

be in need “需要”，與 need同義。如：

When you are in need, you can call me.當(dāng)你在需要的時(shí)候，你可以打電話給我。

5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someone’s home in Japan.當(dāng)你進(jìn)入日本人家的時(shí)候，必須先脫掉鞋子。take off意為“脫下，脫掉”，反義詞組是put on.? take off還可表示“起飛” The plane will take off in an hour.飛機(jī)將在一小時(shí)內(nèi)起飛。

6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves.但是現(xiàn)在我們大多數(shù)人都可以自己打扮。dress for“為??穿衣服”

put on“穿（戴）上”的動(dòng)作，反義詞take off eg：He put on his coat and went out.wear, have ?on, be on?“穿（戴）著”的狀態(tài)。

Eg: Today he is wearing a pink dress.dress sb./oneself“給別人/自己穿衣服，dress up “喬裝打扮”dress后不能接“衣服”類的詞作賓語。

Eg: The boy is too young to dress himself.7.It’s well-known that uniforms are not popular but useful.眾所周知，制服不流行但有用。①It’s well-known?意為“眾所周知”如：

It’s well-known that this song is very popular.眾所周知，這首歌很流行。②not?but? 不是??而是??

He isn’t a teacher but a doctor.他不是一個(gè)老師而是一個(gè)醫(yī)生。Topic3? Let’s go and watch the fashion show

? 1.There is going to be a fashion show in fashion show in Xidan Shopping center.在西單購物中心將會(huì)有一場(chǎng)時(shí)裝秀。

? There is going to be?是There be結(jié)構(gòu)的將來時(shí),表示某地將舉行某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，或?qū)⒂心澄铩Ｈ纾篢here is going to be a football match in our school next week.=There will be a football match in our school next week.我們學(xué)校下周將有一場(chǎng)足球比賽。there is/are going to be=there will be 2.??? Here come the models.模特走過來了。

（1）英語中以here或there開頭的句子要倒裝，除主語是代詞外，動(dòng)詞要放在主語之前。如：Here come Mary!瑪麗來了！??? Here come the bus!車來了！

(2)主語若是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語和謂語的語序不變。

如：Here she comes.她來了。

Here it is.它在這兒。

3.?The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.唐裝代表著中國(guó)的歷史和服裝文化。

stand for意為“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表著奧林匹克。

4.?? The so-called Tang costume got its name because China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.所謂的唐裝是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)在漢、唐時(shí)期開始文明于世而得名。（1）so-called所謂的

（2）get one’s name得名??? 如：The village got its name from the lake in it.這個(gè)村莊因村內(nèi)的湖泊得名。

5.Today the Tang costume can be designed as formal or casual clothes.現(xiàn)在唐裝被設(shè)計(jì)成有正式款的，也有休閑款的。

be designed as被設(shè)計(jì)成?? 如：

They decided that the theater will be designed as a palace.他們決定把那個(gè)劇院設(shè)計(jì)成宮殿模樣。

7.Today,few people wear kimonos except for special occasions like weddings and national celebrations.except for除??之外?? 如：The roads were clear except for a few cars.除了幾輛小汽車外，馬路上空蕩蕩的。三．語法學(xué)習(xí)：跟doing的動(dòng)詞口訣

怎樣善于做貢獻(xiàn)（What/how about doing ,be good at/do well in doing, make a contribution to doing）

阻止他人放棄練。(stop/prevent/keep sb.from doing, give up doing, practice doing)有難寧可不介意,（have problems doing, prefer doing sth./to doing sth, mind doing）建議花時(shí)忙完成。(suggest doing, spend doing, be busy doing, finish doing)使人不禁有信心，(keep sb.doing sth., can’t help doing ,have confidence in doing)繼續(xù)展望想未來。（keep/keep on doing, look forward to doing, feel like doing）驚喜滿意又興奮，（be amazed/surprised at doing, be pleased/satisfied with doing, be excited about doing）

牢記doing值得喜洋洋。(be worth doing, enjoy doing, have fun doing)九年級(jí)英語（仁愛版）語言點(diǎn)歸納 Unit 1 The Changing World Topic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.1.take place 發(fā)生

eg: Great changes have tanken place in my hometown.2.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday!盡管我沒時(shí)間去旅游，但這個(gè)假期我仍然感到很愉快。

though 從屬連詞，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表“雖然；盡管”，不能與but連用。如：

Though he is poor, he is happy.= He is poor, but he is happy.盡管他很貧窮，但是他很快樂。

3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 請(qǐng)告訴我一些有關(guān)中國(guó)青少年的一些事情好嗎？

Could /Would you please(not)do sth？請(qǐng)（不）做某事好嗎？

eg: Could you please turn down your radio? 請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)低好嗎？

Would you please not play football here? 請(qǐng)不要在這兒踢球好嗎？

4.Parents couldn’t afford education for their children.父母供不起孩子上學(xué)。

afford 常與can, could 或 be able to 連用，尤其用于否定句或疑問句，表“負(fù)擔(dān)得起（做）某事；抽得出（時(shí)間）” “(can’t/ couldn’t)afford(to do)sth.”

eg: We can’t afford(to buy)this house because we don’t have enough money.我們買不這房了，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有足夠的錢。

eg: He felt he couldn’t afford any time to play football.他覺得自己沒有時(shí)間踢球了。

5.Our government gives support to poor families.我們的政府能為貧困家庭提供幫助。

give support to sb.= give sb.support 為某人提供幫助/ 支持

support作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表“供養(yǎng)；支持；支撐”，eg: She had to support her family at the age of ten.她十歲時(shí)就得養(yǎng)家。

His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的決定。

The two sticks support the tree.兩根木棍支撐著這棵樹。

6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information? 為什么不上網(wǎng)查找相關(guān)信息呢？

search sp.for sth.搜查某地尋找某物

search sb.for sth.搜身查找某物

search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb.搜尋某物/ 某人；

eg: The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民們?cè)跇淞掷飳ふ沂й櫟暮⒆觽儭?/p>

The police searched the man for the stolen money.警察搜那個(gè)男人的身，查找被偷的錢。

He is searching/ looking for his missing keys.他在尋找他丟的鑰匙。

7.We often went hungry because the boss didn’t give us enough food to eat.我們經(jīng)常挨餓，因?yàn)槔习宀唤o我們足夠的食物。

在這里是系動(dòng)詞，表“變得?”,后跟形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu).eg: The food on the table went bad.桌面上的食物變壞了.8.One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to school.a)one part?the other(part)?一部分??另一部分??

b)elder brother 哥哥

elder 作形容詞時(shí), 是old的比較級(jí), 一般表示家庭成員出生的順序,在句中只能作定語,可與than連用;而older表年齡的比較,可與 than連用.如:

His elder sister is two older than he.他的姐姐比他大兩歲.作名詞時(shí), 表 “ 長(zhǎng)者;前輩;祖先”, 如:

Their customs were handed down by the elders.他們的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是由他們的祖先傳下來的.9.But China has developed rapidly in recent years.但是近年來,中國(guó)發(fā)展迅速.in recent years 表 “近年來”,常與完成時(shí)連用.如:

She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years.近年來,她學(xué)到了許多知識(shí).10.China has made such rapid progress.中國(guó)已經(jīng)取得如此迅速的進(jìn)步。

progress 為不可數(shù)名詞make progress 取得進(jìn)步

make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 許多/ 巨大的進(jìn)步

11.What has happened to Beijing’s roads now? 現(xiàn)在北京的公路發(fā)生了什么變化？

sth.happen to sb.某人發(fā)生了某事，如：

eg: If anything happens to him, let me know.萬一他有什么不測(cè)，就請(qǐng)通知我。

A little accident happened to her yesterday.昨天她發(fā)生了點(diǎn)小意外。

12.They express the rich culture of China as well.他們也表達(dá)了豐富的中國(guó)文化。

as well, too, also均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口語，只用于句末，不用逗號(hào)隔開；

too 多用于口語，用于句末，要用逗號(hào)隔開；

also 較正式，不用于句末；

either 用于否定句，表“也不”，與too 對(duì)應(yīng)。

eg: He likes sports as well.= He likes sports, too.= He also likes sports.他也喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。

He didn’t come, either.他也沒來。

13.keep in touch with 和?保持聯(lián)系

eg: Nowadays，we keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails.14.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Topic 2 What has happened to the population?

1.I really hate to go such a place.我真討厭去購物。--So do I.我也是。

So do I.為倒裝句，表示前面提到的肯定情況也同樣適合另外一個(gè)主體，表“某某也一樣”，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so + be /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”。

eg: Jim is a student, so is Tom.吉姆是一名學(xué)生，湯姆也是。

Jim can swim, so can Tom.吉姆會(huì)游泳，湯姆也會(huì)。

Jim likes sports, so does Tom.吉姆喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，湯姆也喜歡。

如表前面不怎樣，后面“也不”怎樣時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ neither/ nor + be /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”。

eg: Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中國(guó)人，他們也不是。

Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I.吉姆不會(huì)說日語，我也不會(huì)。

Jim didn’t go there, neither did I.吉姆沒去那兒，我也沒去。

如前后兩句表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)主體，則不能倒裝，表“的確如此”。如：

eg: Jim is a good student.So he is.吉姆是一名好學(xué)生，的確如此。

Jim swims well.So he does.吉姆游泳很好，的確如此。

2．At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world.那時(shí)，中國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。

population為不可數(shù)名詞，表示人口的多少只能用 “l(fā)arge”或 “small”修飾，提問人口用“what”, 如：

eg: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海的人口比北京多。

What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中國(guó)的人口有多少？

3.Great changes have taken place in China.中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大變化。

take place 指必然性的“發(fā)生”或有計(jì)劃、安排之內(nèi)的“舉行”。如：

eg: The meeting will take place next Friday.會(huì)議將在下周五舉行。

happen 指偶然的、沒有預(yù)料的“發(fā)生“，其結(jié)果往往給人帶來不幸或麻煩。如：

eg: The accident happened yesterday.事故發(fā)生在昨天。

※兩者都不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

4.The population has increased a lot.人口增長(zhǎng)發(fā)很多。

increase 可作及物動(dòng)詞也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。其含義是“增長(zhǎng)，增加，加強(qiáng)”等。

increase by? 指“增加了??”;increase to?指 “增加到??”

5.?and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.而且世界上大約五分之一的人口生活在中國(guó)。

one fifth 是分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法。英文分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：分子為基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞，先讀分子后讀分母。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母的序數(shù)詞則變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，直接在詞尾加“s”。eg: one fourth 四分之一； three fourths 四分之三；

one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二

注：分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要和所修飾的名詞保持一致。6．It has worked well in controlling China’s population.它在控制人口數(shù)量方面取得了顯著的功效。

work well in doing sth.表“在??方面很有功效”，eg: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.做眼保健操在保護(hù)視力方面很有功效。

7.Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.be short of? 表 “缺乏??”

eg: She is always short of money at the end of every month.每個(gè)月底她總是缺錢。

be short for? 表“是??的縮寫”，eg: TV is short for television.TV是television的縮寫形式.8.Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education? 所有的中國(guó)家庭都能給他們的的孩子提供良好的教育嗎？

offer 表“（主動(dòng)）給予，提供”

offer sb.sth.“提供某人某物”如：

I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。

offer to do sth.“（主動(dòng)）提出做某事”如：

She offered to cook for her mother.她提出幫她媽媽煮飯。8.be strict with 對(duì)?要求嚴(yán)格 eg：Our teachers are strict with us.9.I can’t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.我得花幾個(gè)小時(shí)，才能到大的商場(chǎng)購物。

a)unless = if not 表“除非?;如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

eg: I won’t go unless I hear from you.= I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。

Unless Bill studies hard, he’ll fail in the exam.如果比爾不努力, 他不會(huì)通過考試的.b)a couple of? 表 “幾個(gè)人或幾件事”，eg: a couple of years ago 幾年前;a couple of students 幾個(gè)學(xué)生

couple 指任何兩件同類的東西;如:

a couple of watches 兩只手表； five couples of cats 五對(duì)貓

pair 指兩件不可分開使用的東西,它們可指兩件互不相連的東西(鞋子、襪子等)，也可指兩部分構(gòu)成的一件東西（褲子、剪刀等）。如：

a pair of shoes 一雙鞋子 a pair of pants 一條褲子 10.on / about 關(guān)于

on：關(guān)于（學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)）eg：He is writing a book on medicine.about：He is telling us a story about heroes.11.take measures 采取措施

Eg: China has take measures to reduce the pollution.四、重點(diǎn)語法

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與下列表不明確的狀語連用： 1．a(chǎn)lready 和 yet already “已經(jīng)”（多用于肯定陳述句），如： He has already gone home.他已經(jīng)回家了。yet “已經(jīng);還”（用于否定句或疑問句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已經(jīng)找到他了嗎？ I haven’t finished my homework yet.我還沒完成作業(yè)。

※ already 也可用于疑問句，表“出乎意料或驚奇”

Have you finished your homework already? 難道你已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了？ 2．ever 和 never ever “曾經(jīng)”（多用于疑問句，問初次經(jīng)歷），如：I have ever been abroad.我曾出過國(guó)。never“從未；從來不”（多用于否定陳述句），?；卮餰ver的句型。如： I have never seen him before.--Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出過國(guó)嗎？--No, never.不，從來不。3．just

Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.1.Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他們一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)有人需要幫助，就選定適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹韼椭麄儭?/p>

a)once 是從屬連詞，表“一旦??就??”,它的從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，主句則為一般將來時(shí)?；蛘咧鲝木渚鶠檫^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

eg: Once you become interested in playing computer games, you’ll have trouble giving them up.一旦你迷上了電腦游戲，你就很難放棄它。

b)decide on(doing)sth.決定（做）某事，相當(dāng)于 decide to do sth.eg: They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan.他們決定在海南度假。

= They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.2.The government provides homeless people with nice homes.政府向無家可歸的人們提供舒適的住處。

provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.提供給某人某物

eg: The school provided the students with food.這所學(xué)校為學(xué)生們提供食物。

= The school provided food for the students.3.I think it’s a wonderful place to live in.我認(rèn)為那是一個(gè)居住的好地方。

to live in 是動(dòng)詞不定式，用來修飾前面的名詞place.在不定式中，如動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后必須跟上相應(yīng)的介詞。

eg: There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的事。

I need a pen to write with.我需要一只筆寫字。

4.It is famous because it has been so successful in helping homeless people return to normal lives.它很出名是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)成功地幫助無家可歸的人重新過上正常的生活。

be successful in doing sth.成功地做成某事，相當(dāng)于 succeed in doing sth.如： eg: He was successful in passing the exam.他成功地通過了考試。

They were successful in climbing Mount Huang.他們成功地登上了黃山。

5．In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan.在近十六年來，希望工程已籌集了大約30億元。

in the past + 若干時(shí)間，表“近若干時(shí)間來”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

eg: They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months.近兩個(gè)月來，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了大約500個(gè)英語單詞。6.復(fù)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語和構(gòu)詞法

Unit 2 Saving the earth Topic 1 I can’t stand the environment here.1.I can’t stand the environment here.我無法容忍這兒的環(huán)境。

stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名詞、代詞及動(dòng)名詞做賓語。

eg: I can’t stand that man, he talks too much.我忍受不了那個(gè)人了，他話太多了。

I can’t stand waiting any longer.我再也等不了了。2.What do you mean by sth.?

某物是什么意思呢? = What’s the meaning of sth ? = What does sth.mean?

3.I hope I can move from here soon.我希望我能早點(diǎn)從這兒搬走。當(dāng)主從句主語一致時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語

= I hope to move from here soon.我希望早點(diǎn)從這兒搬走。

4．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.有幾座工廠正往河里排放污水。

There be + sb./ sth.+ doing sth.表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。eg: There are some birds singing in the tree.樹上有些鳥兒在歌唱。

There is a little girl crying in the street.街上有個(gè)小女孩在哭。5．stop doing sth.停止做（正在進(jìn)行的）事

stop to do sth.停下來去做（另一件）事

eg: It’s late.They will stop working and(stop)to have supper.很遲了。他們將停下來吃晚飯。

The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher.學(xué)生們停止說話去聽課。6．I’m sorry for making so much noise.很抱歉我弄出這么大的噪音。

be sorry for doing sth.表對(duì)做過的事感到抱歉

be sorry to do sth.表對(duì)當(dāng)前的事感到抱歉

eg: I’m sorry for waking you up yesterday.很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。

I’m sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打擾你了。

I’m sorry to hear that.聽到那個(gè)（消息）感到很遺憾。

7． Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,?近來據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)許多青少年的聽力和65歲的老人一樣差。

no better than? 表“同??(幾乎)一樣差;不比??做得好”

eg: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam.露西和莉莉考得幾乎一樣糟.= Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.8.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)和由for / since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語搭配使用。a)“for + 時(shí)間段”

與 “since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”

都表“一段時(shí)間”，常用How long 提問。b)如句中含有非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)。

Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth? 1.It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal.它（文章）寫到中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。

sth.+ says that? 此句型中主語是事或物，say表用“文字、數(shù)字”說明信息。

eg: It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card.卡片上寫著“新年快樂！”。

The clock says that it is 20:00 now.這面鐘顯示現(xiàn)在是20：00。2.As we know, none of us likes pollution.眾所周知，沒有人喜歡污染。

none與no one 的區(qū)別： none “全無”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短語;作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短語;作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只用作單數(shù)。

eg: He has read none of these books.（指物）這些書他一本都沒看過。

None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友們沒有一個(gè)喜歡畫畫。

No one is here.沒有一個(gè)在這兒。

none回答how many/ much的問題；no one回答who的問題。如：

A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.有多少的學(xué)生搭出租車來上學(xué)？沒有人。

A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.瓶子里有多少水？一點(diǎn)兒也沒有。

A: Who is in the room? B: No one.誰在房中？沒有人。

3.When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨時(shí)，土壤就會(huì)被沖走。

will be +過去分詞為一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語形式。

eg: The earth will be blown away by the wind.泥土將會(huì)被風(fēng)刮走。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

= The wind will blow away the earth.風(fēng)將會(huì)把泥土刮走。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）

5．A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand.許多肥沃的土地已經(jīng)變成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黃沙。

a)change? into? = turn? into?

把?..(轉(zhuǎn))變成?

eg: Please change/ turn English into Chinese.請(qǐng)把英語變成漢語。

When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.當(dāng)交通燈變成綠色時(shí),我們就可以通行。

b)leaving only stand現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語, 表伴隨主動(dòng)。

eg: The children went away, talking and laughing.孩子們說著、笑著離開了。

The girl is looking for her mother, crying loudly.這個(gè)女孩大聲地哭著在尋找她的母親。6．Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.They can also prevent the sand from moving toward the rich land.樹可以防風(fēng)固土，也可阻止風(fēng)沙吹進(jìn)良田。stop / prevent sb./sth.(from)doing sth.阻止/ 防止某人或某物做某事 keep sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止/ 防止某人或某物做某事

eg: Trees can keep water from running away.樹可以防止水土流失。7.in danger of(doing)sth.處于做某事的危險(xiǎn)中

eg: They are in danger of losing their lives.他們正處于失去生命的危險(xiǎn)中。8.cut down 砍到

Eg：Many trees are cut down every years 9.You may either take a bus or a taxi.你們可能搭公車去或者是搭出租車去。

a)either?or? “要么?要么?并列連詞,連接主語時(shí),根據(jù)就近原則選取謂語動(dòng)詞。

eg: You may come either today or tomorrow.你要么今天來，要么明天來。

Either you or he is right.要么你對(duì)，要么他對(duì)。

b)either 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，是代詞，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。如：

A：Ｗo(hù)uld you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK

你想要咖啡還是茶？隨便都可以。

Either of us is right.我們倆中有一人是對(duì)的。

Topic 3 Let’s be greener people.1.We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away.我們應(yīng)該把紙的兩面都使用，將塑料袋再次使用而不是輕易扔掉。

both 修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞；而 either 修飾單數(shù)名詞；

eg: There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.= There are a lot of trees on either side of the road.在路的兩邊有許多樹。2.Everyone is supposed to do it.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該那樣做。

be supposed to do sth.指（按規(guī)定、習(xí)慣、安排等）應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事；相當(dāng)于should;用于否定句時(shí)，表“允許”；

eg: Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot.老師應(yīng)該知道很多。

You are not supposed to smoke here.這里不允許抽煙。

4.First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，當(dāng)你離開房間的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。

ought to 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 表 “應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)”;語氣比 should 強(qiáng);指道義上應(yīng)該做的事,有時(shí)含有責(zé)備或督促的語氣。should 指主觀上感到有責(zé)任或義務(wù)去做。如：

You ought to help your mother do some housework.你應(yīng)該幫你媽媽做些家務(wù)。We should study hard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。其否定式和疑問式：

You oughtn’t to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不應(yīng)該起這么晚。Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我該告訴她壞消息嗎？ Yes, you ought.No, you oughtn’t.Unit 3 English around the world Topic1 English is widely spoken around the world.1.stick v.粘貼，=put up eg: You can stick it on the wall in your room.你可以把它貼在你房間的墻上。2.can't wait to do sth.迫不急待地想要做某事

eg:

I can't wait to fly there!我迫不急待地想要飛往哪里。

又：can't help doing sth.忍不住要做某事，如：I can't help laughing.我忍不住笑了。3.have a good chance to do sth.有個(gè)做某事的好機(jī)會(huì)

eg: You'll have a good chance to practicing speaking English.你將有一個(gè)練習(xí)說英語的好機(jī)會(huì)。

4.practice speaking English 練習(xí)說英語。有的動(dòng)詞后再跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用--ing形式，如：practice, finish, enjoy, meind等等。

5.from now on 從現(xiàn)在起，意思相當(dāng)于later on 后來，過后，將來。

eg: Try your best and work much harder(at English)from now on.從現(xiàn)在起，盡你最大的努力更努力(得多)地學(xué)習(xí)(英語)。6.on business 出差

?eg：Mr.Lee is on business in the U.S.A..7.be similar to...與...相似

eg: Is Spanish similar to English? 西班牙語和英語會(huì)相似嗎？ 8.It's possible that...有可能...eg: It's possible that you will have some trouble.你有可能會(huì)遇到一些困難。9.ask sb.for help 向某人求助，求助于某人。eg: I'll ask an interpreter for help.我將向翻譯求助。10.translate A into B 把A翻譯成B，eg: The interpreter translates English into Chinese.這位翻譯把英語翻譯成中國(guó)語。11.in general 一般來說

12.have trouble(in)doing sth.在做某事方面有困難。

eg: In general, he has no trouble understanding people.一般說來，他聽懂別人的說話是沒有困難

的。

13.What's more 還有

once in a while 有時(shí)，偶爾，相當(dāng)于at times或sometimes 14.whenever = no matter when

topic 2 English is spoken differently indifferent countries。

1.follow = understand 聽懂,理解, 明白, eg: I can't follow you.? Can you speak more slowly, please? 2.be the same as?? 與...相同，eg: Is Australian English the same sa British English? 澳大利亞英語和英國(guó)英語是相同的嗎? 3.I'm flying to Disneyland tomorrow.? 明天我要飛往迪斯尼樂園.注: 此句中 am flying是表示一般將來時(shí).???英語中,??“位移動(dòng)詞”或稱“趨向動(dòng)詞”?可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 這類動(dòng)詞有“l(fā)eave”, “l(fā)eave for”, “l(fā)eave ? for?”, “come,” “fly?”, “return”, “arrive”, “go”,? “start”(出發(fā)), 等等, 如:? I'm going.我要走了.?? I'm coming!我就來!? My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.4.depend on? 依靠；取決于；依?而定, 如: Sometimes the meaning can change, depending on the country where it is spoken.5.succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事，eg: f you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences.如果你想成功地表達(dá)自己的意思, 你就需要了解一些這種不同點(diǎn).6.on one's way to +地名, 在去某地的路上(后接副詞時(shí)不用to)?.? eg: Lucy is on her way to school.露西在回家的路上.??

Tom is on his way home.湯姆在回家路上.[要區(qū)別于By the way順便問/說一下;? in this way用這種方法] 7.see sb.off 為某人送行，eg: Kangkang and Michael?going to the airport to?see them off.康康和邁克爾要去機(jī)場(chǎng)為他們送行.put out 伸出

eg: Michael sees a foreigner putting out his hand with his thumb raised.邁克爾看見一個(gè)外國(guó)人伸出他的手, 拇指朝上.[本名還要掌握see sb.doing sth.看見某人正在做某事? see sb.do sth.看見某人做某事, 以及with his thumb raised作伴隨狀語.] 8.ask for a ride 請(qǐng)求搭車, The foreigner is asking for a ride.這個(gè)外國(guó)人在請(qǐng)求搭車.9.be worried about...為...擔(dān)心

eg: I'm still worried about my English.我還在為我的英語擔(dān)心.10 as for...? 至于?, 關(guān)于某人/某事

eg: As for the spelling differences, you can easily find them when you use a computer.?? 11.have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困難注：difficulty作“困難,艱難,費(fèi)勁,辛苦,難度”解時(shí)為un 作“難題,難事,難處,困境,危難”時(shí),為cn eg: We have difficulties understanding foreigners

12.be closed to...靠近..., The Disneyland is close to Los Angeles.? 迪斯尼樂園離洛杉磯很近。13.in person 親自

eg:He helped her with her English in person.14.be fond of...? 喜愛...eg: Children are fond of exciting rides like Pirates of the Caribbean.32

15.come about 發(fā)生

eg: How did these differences come about? 這些差別是如何發(fā)生的?

Can you tell me how the accident came about? 16.be forced to do sth.被迫做某事

eg: I was forced to take a taxi because I couldn't catch the last bus.?因?yàn)闆]有趕上末班車, 只好坐出租車.17.take in 吸收，如：The English language has taken in many new words from other languages.Topic 3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well? 1.make sb understood 使某人被理解

Eg：He say it slowly to make him understood 2.work hard at 努力?

eg:He worked hard at English and at last he passed the final exam.3.advise 建議（后接to do 或V-ing）eg：I advises waiting till the proper time.I advise you to leave now.4.stick to 堅(jiān)持

(to 是介詞，后接名詞或V-ing)Eg：If you stick to the truth ,you have nothing to fear.He sticks to having a talk with his teacher.4.Laugh at 嘲笑

Eg：Don’t laugh at others.5.come to realize 明白

eg：After talking to his teacher,he have come to realize his teacher is always caring for him。5.in order to 為了

(后接動(dòng)詞原形)eg：He gets up early in order to catch the fisrt bus.6.give up 放棄

eg：I always advise my father to give up smoking.7.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。

Unit 4 Amazing Science Topic 1 Spaceship are mainly controlled by computers.1.dream of 夢(mèng)想

Eg：I dream of studying in a university.2.send 寄，送

Eg：I will send a gift to my mother on her birthday.=I will send my mother a gift on her birthday.相關(guān)的短語：～ for 派人去請(qǐng)

～off 送行

～ out發(fā)出（光、熱）；長(zhǎng)（葉子）

～ up 發(fā)射

3.no doubt 毫無疑問

Eg : There is no doubt he is a kind man.4.thanks to 多虧

eg : Thanks to the bad weather we don’t have to do morning exercise.5.turn on 打開

turn off 關(guān)掉

turn up 調(diào)高

turn down 調(diào)低

Topic 2 When was it invented? 1.Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.因?yàn)槲也豢梢酝骐娔X游戲。allow “允許、準(zhǔn)許”的意思。常用于以下幾種形式：

(1)allow +n./prep 如：

We can’t allow such a thing.我們不容許這種事情發(fā)生。

(2)allow sb.to do sth 允許某人做某事如：

She allowed me to go fishing.她允許我去釣魚。

(3)allow +doing sth 允許做某事如：

We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room.我們不允許在閱覽室吸煙。

(4)be allowed to do sth 如：被允許做某事

The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放學(xué)后學(xué)生們被準(zhǔn)許在操場(chǎng)上做游戲。

2.It’s made from wood.它用木材做的。

(1)be made in 在??地方制造，后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。

(2)be made of 用??制造的，表示原材料未經(jīng)化學(xué)變化，仍可看得出原材料。

(3)be made from 用??制造的，表示原材料經(jīng)過化學(xué)變化，已看不出其原樣。

(4)be made by 由（被）??（人）制作，后接表示人的名詞或代詞。

(5)be made into（某物）被制成??

(6)be made up of 由??組成如：

The TV set is made in Japan.這臺(tái)電視機(jī)是日本生產(chǎn)的。

These houses are made of stones.這些房子是由石頭建造的。

Paper is made from wood.紙是木頭造的。

Was this cake made by your mother?這蛋糕是你媽媽做的嗎？

Metal can be made into all kinds of things.金屬可以制成各種各樣的物品。

The medical team is made up of ten doctors.這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由10位大夫組成。

4.It’s used for helping us to improve our English.它用來幫助我們提高英語水平。

(1)be used for+ving

be used to do（被）用來做?

強(qiáng)調(diào)用途或作用

(2)be used as（被）作為??而用，強(qiáng)調(diào)被當(dāng)作工具或手段來用。

(3)be used by 被??使用，by后跟人/物，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。Eg：Pens are used for writing.鋼筆被用來寫字。

Wood is used to make paper.木材被用來造紙。

English is used as a foreign language in China.英語在中國(guó)被當(dāng)作外語使用。

Recorders are often used by English teachers.英語老師經(jīng)常使用錄音機(jī)。5.They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它們將不再愿意做我們的人，而要做我們的主人。

no longer（通常在動(dòng)詞前），not?any longer;not?any more（用于非正式文體中）都可表示“（過去曾?）現(xiàn)在不再?”

eg: She no longer lives here.=She doesn’t live here any longer(或 any more).她不在這兒住了。（過去她曾住這兒）7.This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen.在夜間只要天氣晴朗，能看見星星，這種方法就能很好地發(fā)揮作用。

work well 有效 eg：China’s one-child police works well in controlling China’s population.as long as 只要 eg :As long as you work hard ,you must succeed one day.34

Topic 3 I don’t think aliens can be found in space.1.in the future 將來

Eg：I think people will live on Mars in the future.2.What are you going to be when you grow up?你長(zhǎng)大后干什么？ 3.at a distance of 以?距離

Eg：The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 38.0000 kilometers.4.land on 著陸

Eg: People took some measures to make the plane land on safely.5.be worth doing 值得?

Eg：The book is worth reading 6.I don’t think aliens can be found in space.我認(rèn)為外星人不可能出現(xiàn)在太空里。

(1)當(dāng)think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句含有not的否定詞時(shí)，該否定應(yīng)移至主句，即否定主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：

I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。

(2)can +be +過去分詞，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： This can’t be done in a short time.這不是短期內(nèi)能完成的。

7.It has been two days since we landed on Mars.自從我們登上火星以來已經(jīng)兩天了。

it用作主語談?wù)摃r(shí)間，常與since連用。

eg：It is(或has been)three years since we left school.自從我們離開學(xué)校以來已經(jīng)三年了。8.What’s worse, our water supplies were very low.更糟糕的是，我們的水供給是非常有限的。What’s worse 更糟糕的是。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：What’s more 更有甚者；更為重要的是。9.It’s a quarter as big as the earth.它是地球的四分之一大。倍數(shù)表示法：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as 如：This box is three times as heavy as that one.這只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。

Unit5 Knowing about China Topic 1 How much do you know about China？

1.China is a great country that has about 5000 years of history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)擁有五千多年歷史的大國(guó)。

句中that has about 5000 years of history是定語從句，修飾名詞country。country 是先行詞，that 是關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語，也可以用which.。

There are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.There are a great number of rivers in China.中國(guó)有許多大河。

2.a(great)number of ? 許多/大量，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；

the number of ?。。的數(shù)量，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。

e.g.A number of books are lent out from the library every day.每天有許多書從圖書館被借走。

The number of the students present is not known yet.還不知道出席學(xué)生的數(shù)目。

3.Among them, the Yangtze River is the longest one and the second longest is the Yellow River.其中長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流，黃河位居第二。

句中the longest one，the second longest，“最長(zhǎng)”用最高級(jí)，“第二長(zhǎng)”在最高級(jí)前加上 35

序數(shù)詞second。

e.g.Shanghai is the biggest city in China and Beijing is the second biggest one.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市，北京位居第二。4.hear of 聽說

Eg：Have you heard of the romantic story

That’s the most fantastic place that I have ever heard of.那是我聽說過的最奇妙的地方。

Hear from 收到?的來信

（已經(jīng)含有收信的意思，無需用letter）= receive a letter from 5.lose oneself in ? 意為“沉浸于?”

Eg：The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose themselves in it.如此迷人的景色常常使得游客流連忘返。

6.It severs as a bridge which connects the mainland with the rest of the world.它（香港）是連接祖國(guó)大陸與世界其他地方的橋梁。

7.be considered as = be regarded as

“被看作?，被認(rèn)為?”，而regard ?as 意為“把?看作，把?認(rèn)為，as 是介詞，后接名詞。

Eg：As we know, Taiwan is considered as the Treasure Island of China.臺(tái)灣被認(rèn)為是“中國(guó)寶島”。

8.fetch 去取回來

eg：If you are thirsty ,I can fetch you a bottle of water.9.introduce 介紹

(～sb to sb)eg：Boys and girls ,let me introduceTom, your new classmate, to you.復(fù)習(xí)定語從句（I）

Topic 2 Confucius, a pioneer in the field of education.1.He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries.他也是一位著名的哲學(xué)家，他的至理名言影響了不同國(guó)家的許多人。

2.When I walk along with two others, I may be able to learn from them.三人行，必有我?guī)煛?.are proud of 人引以為豪的(take pride in)Eg：Chinese people are proud of China’s long history.= China takes pride in her long history.4.Unfortunately, he died of illness on his way home from Africa in 1433.不幸的是，他于1433年在從非洲返回的路途中病故。

die of 多指因內(nèi)因而引起，die from 多指因外因而引起。

Eg:The old man died of heart disease.He died from a serious traffic accident.5.bring down 推翻

Eg： After a revolutionary，the emperor was brought down.break down 摧毀，垮下

Topic 3 The dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation.1.play a part in 在?方面起作用

Eg：Robots plays an important part in morden industry 2.promise sb.sth.許諾某人某事

promise to do sth.答應(yīng)做某事 promise sb.to do sth.答應(yīng)某人做某事

eg:

I promised him a present for his birthday.我答應(yīng)送他一件生日禮物。

She promised to write to him.她答應(yīng)給他寫信。

Father promised me to buy a new pair of shoes for me.爸爸許諾給我買一雙新鞋。2.We can go to either Beihai Park or Shichahai Park.either ?or 或?或? ,連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語和最近的主語一致，即遵從就近原則。

e.g.Either you or he has to go there.或者是你或者是他得去那兒。3．Both my father and I like it a lot.我和我父親都非常喜歡。

both ?and? 意為“既?又?，兩者都?”。連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

e.g.Both Tom and I have been to the Great Wall.湯姆和我曾經(jīng)去過長(zhǎng)城。4．Neither my mother nor my father likes it.我的父母都不喜歡。

neither ?nor ? 既不?也不?，連接兩個(gè)并列成分，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致，即遵從就近原則。

Eg:Neither she nor I am right.她和我都不對(duì)。

He is neither a doctor nor a teacher.他既不是醫(yī)生也不是老師。5．found v.成立，建立；創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)辦

Eg:A new country was founded on October 1st ,1949.found的過去式與過去分詞都是founded

e.g.His elder brother founded a company in 2001.他的哥哥2001年創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)公司。注意區(qū)分：find v.“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，它的過去式與過去分詞是found

e.g.He found a purse lying on the ground.他發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個(gè)錢包。6.At the end of 在?末端

Eg：At the end of the year，he passed away.7.復(fù)習(xí)并列連詞both ?and ?, either?or ?, neither?nor?.和not only?but also?的用法：

Unit 6 Entertainment and Friendship Topic 1 I would rather watch sports shows than those ones.1.In my spare time , I enjoy watching TV, especially quiz shows from which I can learn a lot.在空閑時(shí)間，我喜歡看電視，特別是能從中學(xué)到許多東西的智力節(jié)目。

在定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which作介詞的賓語時(shí)，即“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞可放在which之前，也可放在定語從句中的動(dòng)詞之后。

Eg: This is the house in which Bing Xin was born.冰心是在這所房子里出生的。

= This is the house which Bing Xin was born in.2.would rather do sth.than do sth.比起做?更愿意做?

Eg:I would rather stay at home than go out in such bad weather.這么糟糕的天氣，我寧愿待在家中，也不愿出去。

3.hit sb on the nose 打某人的鼻子

（用the 而不用his 或her）

Eg：He hit the woman in the face / on the nose.4.be ready to do sth.內(nèi)心愿意/樂意做某事

Eg: He was ready to believe her.他愿意相信她。

5.From then on.從那時(shí)起

From now on

從現(xiàn)在起 6.a symbol of ?

?的象征

= stand for Eg：The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries.People think the rose stands for love, peace, courage and friendship.8.order sb.to do sth.命令/要求某人去做某事

order sth for sb./ sth.為某人/ 某物訂購某物

eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.醫(yī)生命令我好好呆在床上休息.9.forgive sb.sth.原諒某人某事

forgive sb.for doing sth.請(qǐng)求別人原諒所做的事

eg: She could forgive him anything.她會(huì)原諒他的任何事.Please forgive me for disturbing you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖驍_你了.Topic 2 Who is your favorite character in literature? 1.according to 根據(jù)

Eg：According to the given words，fill in the blanks。2.make up one’s mind 意為“下定決心”，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式。

Eg：He has made up his mind to work hard and catch up with others.他已下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)趕上別人。

3.can’t help 禁不住

+ v-ing eg：Sometimes we can’t help laughing because of his funny behavior.有時(shí)我們因他的有趣行為而禁不住大笑。

Topic 3 I will remember our friendship forever.1.This weekend we’ll graduate from Ren’ai International School!本周末我們將從仁愛國(guó)際學(xué)校畢業(yè)。1）graduate 作動(dòng)詞是，表 “畢業(yè)”，相當(dāng)于leave school，其名詞形式為graduation eg: He graduated in 1999.= He left school in 1999.2）graduate from + 學(xué)校表 “從某個(gè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)” graduate in + 專業(yè) 表 “畢業(yè)于某專業(yè)”

eg: He graduated from Peking University last year.去年他從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)。

He graduated in English at a famous University.他畢業(yè)于一所名牌大學(xué)的外語專業(yè)。2.think back on/ to “回想起，追憶” 如：

eg：When I think back on/to those things, I miss my friends a lot.當(dāng)我回想起那些事情時(shí)，我就非常想念我的朋友。3.…and write some words on the blackboard with color chalks.用彩色粉筆在黑板上寫幾句話。1）chalk “粉筆”，不可數(shù)名詞，若表示“一支粉筆”時(shí)，則用a piece of chalk;2）當(dāng)表示各種顏色的粉筆時(shí)，則可數(shù)。

4.I’ve got dozens of cards.我準(zhǔn)備了許多賀卡。1）dozen作可數(shù)名詞，意為“

（一）打；十二；幾十；許多”

Give me a dozen, please.請(qǐng)給我一打。

2）當(dāng)和數(shù)詞連用后面跟名詞時(shí)，dozen不加s，其后也不跟of。

eg: two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋

3）dozen后加s時(shí)，常與of連用，意為“幾十；許多”，表不明確的數(shù)目。dozens of? 幾十hundreds of?幾百；成百上千thousands of?幾千；成千上萬 5.to one’s joy 使某人高興的是

to one’s surprised 使某人驚訝的是

eg: To my joy, I became the owner of an MP3 last week.使我高興的是，上周我擁有了自己的MP3。

To our surprised, Jim didn’t pass the exam.令我們驚訝的是，吉姆沒通過考試。6.take photos of sb.為某人拍照

take photos with sb.與某人合影

7.leave?behind “忘了帶；遺忘；把??拋在后面”

eg：It means change, and leaving behind unforgettable faces and places.它意味著變化，意味著把那些不能忘卻的面容和地方留在記憶深處。

She knew that she had left childhood behind.她知道童年已一去不復(fù)返了。8.see sb off 為某人送行

Eg：Today，we got up early to see him off.39

第二篇：八九年級(jí)英語教學(xué)總結(jié)

2013—2014學(xué)年八九年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語教學(xué)工作總結(jié)

時(shí)光飛逝,轉(zhuǎn)眼間，一個(gè)學(xué)期即將結(jié)束。在家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生的不懈支持下，我很好地完成了八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語教學(xué)工作。為了能在以后的工作中更好地發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，及時(shí)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，吸取教訓(xùn)，現(xiàn)就本學(xué)期教學(xué)工作總結(jié)如下：這學(xué)期我擔(dān)任八年級(jí)，九年級(jí)的英語教學(xué)工作。由于這三個(gè)班都是學(xué)校的初中班級(jí)，學(xué)生在本校是初中生，比較煩躁，懶散。小部分學(xué)生太輕浮，學(xué)習(xí)不扎實(shí)，基礎(chǔ)差。特別是九年級(jí)學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)很差，課堂死氣沉沉的。八年級(jí)大部分學(xué)生還是很實(shí)在，刻苦努力，積極向上，因此，我對(duì)教學(xué)工作不敢怠慢，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，深入研究教法，嚴(yán)抓不懈。經(jīng)過一個(gè)學(xué)期的努力，獲取了很多寶貴的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。以下是我在本學(xué)期的教學(xué)情況。

（一）教育教學(xué)工作方面: 1.課前認(rèn)真:備好課。

2.多聽課,學(xué)習(xí)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)教師的教學(xué)方法,教學(xué)水平提高在于努力學(xué)習(xí)、積累經(jīng)驗(yàn),。多聽課,并認(rèn)真做好記錄。務(wù)求每聽一節(jié)課都要有最大的收獲。

3.鉆研教材,認(rèn)真?zhèn)湔n。我認(rèn)真鉆研教材,把握住知識(shí)點(diǎn),認(rèn)真?zhèn)浜妹恳惶谜n。4.組織好課堂教學(xué),關(guān)注全體學(xué)生,注意信息反饋,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的注意力,使其保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定性。同時(shí),激發(fā)學(xué)生的情感,使他們產(chǎn)生愉悅的心境,創(chuàng)造良好的課堂氣氛。課堂提問面向全體學(xué)生,注意引發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)英語的興趣,課堂上說練結(jié)合,布置好課外作業(yè),作業(yè)少而精,減輕學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān)。

5.要提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量,還要做好課后輔導(dǎo)工作,初二學(xué)生愛動(dòng)、好玩,缺乏自控能力,常在學(xué)習(xí)上不能按時(shí)完成作業(yè),有的學(xué)生抄襲作業(yè)很嚴(yán)重,針對(duì)這種問題,就要抓好學(xué)生的思想教育,。對(duì)紀(jì)律松散、學(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真、基礎(chǔ)又不好的學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育。對(duì)這部分學(xué)生要進(jìn)行課余時(shí)間加班輔導(dǎo)、談心，引導(dǎo)他們重視學(xué)習(xí)，明確學(xué)習(xí)目的、端正學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。另外，平時(shí)注意“兩頭抓”，讓優(yōu)等生帶差生，促成“雙贏”效果。英語分成了10個(gè)小組，每小組都有一個(gè)小組組長(zhǎng)帶頭背誦，抽背。每天小組組長(zhǎng)上報(bào)情況給課代表，再由課代表反映給老師，嚴(yán)抓不懈。也要求與家長(zhǎng)分配合作，及時(shí)與各型學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)取得聯(lián)系，與他們交流、匯報(bào)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況。也許是我把希望寄托給學(xué)生，我所做得是關(guān)愛每一個(gè)學(xué)生，給學(xué)生以鼓勵(lì)與幫助。

6.熱愛學(xué)生 ,平等的對(duì)待每一個(gè)學(xué)生,讓他們都感受到老師的關(guān)心,良好的師生關(guān)系促進(jìn)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)。在教學(xué)工作中,我努力提高自己對(duì)學(xué)生的親和力,與學(xué)生建立和睦友好的關(guān)系。

（二）改進(jìn)措施: 1.多與學(xué)生溝通。多些主動(dòng)和學(xué)生進(jìn)行溝通,了解學(xué)生掌握知識(shí)的情況非常重要,這樣有利于針對(duì)性的對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育,無論備課多認(rèn)真仔細(xì)也很難適應(yīng)不同班級(jí)的情況,只有溝通、了解,才能更好地解決各個(gè)班級(jí)的不同問題。另外,有些學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)較好,加強(qiáng)師生間的溝通就能更好地引導(dǎo)這些學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)。2.注重組織教學(xué),嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生。大部分學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)較差,這些學(xué)生已經(jīng)形成了厭學(xué)的習(xí)慣,頂多是完成老師布置的作業(yè)就算了,有些甚至是抄襲的,對(duì)于容易掌握的內(nèi)容他們也不敢沾染,所以必須嚴(yán)格要求他們。由于學(xué)生缺乏學(xué)習(xí)自覺性,所以上課時(shí)間是他們學(xué)習(xí)的主要時(shí)間,教師應(yīng)善于組織、調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),更充分地利用好上課時(shí)間。

3.運(yùn)用多種技巧教學(xué),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。“興趣是最好的老師”!教師應(yīng)利用學(xué)生熱情好奇的這一特點(diǎn),從日常生活中的口語出發(fā),嘗試用英語與學(xué)生對(duì)話,或用趣事吸引學(xué)生注意力,引發(fā)他們的興趣,使學(xué)生對(duì)本課程產(chǎn)生興趣。并且,在教學(xué)中要運(yùn)用多種教學(xué)手段,注意聽力與口語的訓(xùn)練。在這一學(xué)年的教學(xué)工作中，除了對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行興趣的培養(yǎng)外，還培養(yǎng)他們自學(xué)的能力，而且對(duì)于優(yōu)秀生還要求他們背誦對(duì)話，課文，鼓勵(lì)他們自己找閱讀的材料，從而提高閱讀能力。經(jīng)過一個(gè)學(xué)期的努力，期末考試就是一種考驗(yàn)，無論成績(jī)高低，都體現(xiàn)了我在這學(xué)年的教學(xué)成果。我明白到這并不是最重要的，重要的是在下個(gè)學(xué)年如何自我提高。因此，無論怎樣辛苦，我都會(huì)繼續(xù)努力，多問，多想，爭(zhēng)取更大的提高。

第三篇：仁愛英語九年級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

九年級(jí)英語（仁愛版）語言點(diǎn)歸納 Unit 1 The Changing World Topic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.1.take place 發(fā)生

though 從屬連詞，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表“雖然；盡管”，不能與but連用。如：

Though he is poor, he is happy.= He is poor, but he is happy.盡管他很貧窮，但是他很快樂。

3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 請(qǐng)告訴我一些有關(guān)中國(guó)青少年的一些事情好嗎？

Could /Would you please(not)do sth？請(qǐng)（不）做某事好嗎？

eg: Could you please turn down your radio? 請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)低好嗎？

Would you please not play football here? 請(qǐng)不要在這兒踢球好嗎？

4.Parents couldn’t afford education for their children.父母供不起孩子上學(xué)。

eg: We can’t afford(to buy)this house because we don’t have enough money.我們買不這房了，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有足夠的錢。

eg: He felt he couldn’t afford any time to play football.他覺得自己沒有時(shí)間踢球了。

5.Our government gives support to poor families.我們的政府能為貧困家庭提供幫助。

give support to sb.= give sb.support 為某人提供幫助/ 支持

support作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表“供養(yǎng)；支持；支撐”，eg: She had to support her family at the age of ten.她十歲時(shí)就得養(yǎng)家。

His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的決定。

The two sticks support the tree.兩根木棍支撐著這棵樹。

6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information? 為什么不上網(wǎng)查找相關(guān)信息呢？

search sp.for sth.搜查某地尋找某物

search sb.for sth.搜身查找某物

search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb.搜尋某物/ 某人；

eg: The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民們?cè)跇淞掷飳ふ沂й櫟暮⒆觽儭?/p>

The police searched the man for the stolen money.警察搜那個(gè)男人的身，查找被偷的錢。

He is searching/ looking for his missing keys.他在尋找他丟的鑰匙。

7.We often went hungry because the boss didn’t give us enough food to eat.我們經(jīng)常挨餓，因?yàn)槔习宀唤o我們足夠的食物。

b)elder brother 哥哥

elder 作形容詞時(shí), 是old的比較級(jí), 一般表示家庭成員出生的順序,在句中只能作定語,可與than連用;而older表年齡的比較,可與 than連用.如:

His elder sister is two older than he.他的姐姐比他大兩歲.作名詞時(shí), 表 “ 長(zhǎng)者;前輩;祖先”, 如:

She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years.近年來,她學(xué)到了許多知識(shí).10.China has made such rapid progress.中國(guó)已經(jīng)取得如此迅速的進(jìn)步。

progress 為不可數(shù)名詞make progress 取得進(jìn)步

make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 許多/ 巨大的進(jìn)步

11.What has happened to Beijing’s roads now? 現(xiàn)在北京的公路發(fā)生了什么變化？

sth.happen to sb.某人發(fā)生了某事，如：

eg: If anything happens to him, let me know.萬一他有什么不測(cè)，就請(qǐng)通知我。

A little accident happened to her yesterday.昨天她發(fā)生了點(diǎn)小意外。

12.They express the rich culture of China as well.他們也表達(dá)了豐富的中國(guó)文化。

as well, too, also均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口語，只用于句末，不用逗號(hào)隔開；

too 多用于口語，用于句末，要用逗號(hào)隔開；

also 較正式，不用于句末；

either 用于否定句，表“也不”，與too 對(duì)應(yīng)。

eg: He likes sports as well.= He likes sports, too.= He also likes sports.他也喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。

He didn’t come, either.他也沒來。

13.keep in touch with 和?保持聯(lián)系

eg: Nowadays，we keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails.14.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Topic 2 What has happened to the population? 1.I really hate to go such a place.我真討厭去購物。--So do I.我也是。

eg: Jim is a student, so is Tom.吉姆是一名學(xué)生，湯姆也是。

Jim can swim, so can Tom.吉姆會(huì)游泳，湯姆也會(huì)。

Jim likes sports, so does Tom.吉姆喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，湯姆也喜歡。

如表前面不怎樣，后面“也不”怎樣時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ neither/ nor + be /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”。

eg: Jim wasn’t Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中國(guó)人，他們也不是。

Jim can’t speak Japanese, neither can I.吉姆不會(huì)說日語，我也不會(huì)。

Jim didn’t go there, neither did I.吉姆沒去那兒，我也沒去。

如前后兩句表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)主體，則不能倒裝，表“的確如此”。如：

eg: Jim is a good student.So he is.吉姆是一名好學(xué)生，的確如此。

Jim swims well.So he does.吉姆游泳很好，的確如此。

2．At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world.那時(shí)，中國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。

population為不可數(shù)名詞，表示人口的多少只能用 “l(fā)arge”或 “small”修飾，提問人口用“what”, 如：

eg: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海的人口比北京多。

What’s the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中國(guó)的人口有多少？

3.Great changes have taken place in China.中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大變化。

take place 指必然性的“發(fā)生”或有計(jì)劃、安排之內(nèi)的“舉行”。如：

eg: The meeting will take place next Friday.會(huì)議將在下周五舉行。

happen 指偶然的、沒有預(yù)料的“發(fā)生“，其結(jié)果往往給人帶來不幸或麻煩。如：

eg: The accident happened yesterday.事故發(fā)生在昨天。

※兩者都不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

4.The population has increased a lot.人口增長(zhǎng)發(fā)很多。

increase 可作及物動(dòng)詞也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。其含義是“增長(zhǎng)，增加，加強(qiáng)”等。

increase by? 指“增加了??”;increase to?指 “增加到??”

5.?and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.而且世界上大約五分之一的人口生活在中國(guó)。

one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二

work well in doing sth.表“在??方面很有功效”，eg: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.（視力）做眼保健操在保護(hù)視力方面很有功效。

7.Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water.be short of? 表 “缺乏??”

eg: She is always short of money at the end of every month.每個(gè)月底她總是缺錢。

offer 表“（主動(dòng)）給予，提供”

offer sb.sth.“提供某人某物”如：

I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。

offer to do sth.“（主動(dòng)）提出做某事”如：

a)unless = if not 表“除非?;如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。

eg: I won’t go unless I hear from you.= I won’t go if I don’t hear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。

couple 指任何兩件同類的東西;如:

a couple of watches 兩只手表； five couples of cats 五對(duì)貓 pair 指兩件不可分開使用的東西,它們可指兩件互不相連的東西(鞋子、襪子等)，也可指兩部分構(gòu)成的一件東西（褲子、剪刀等）。如：

a pair of shoes 一雙鞋子 a pair of pants 一條褲子 10.on / about 關(guān)于

on：關(guān)于（學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)）eg：He is writing a book on medicine.about：He is telling us a story about heroes.11.take measures 采取措施

Eg: China has take measures to reduce the pollution.四、重點(diǎn)語法

※ already 也可用于疑問句，表“出乎意料或驚奇”

Have you finished your homework already? 難道你已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了？ 2．ever 和 never ever “曾經(jīng)”（多用于疑問句，問初次經(jīng)歷），如：I have ever been abroad.我曾出過國(guó)。never“從未；從來不”（多用于否定陳述句），常回答ever的句型。如： I have never seen him before.--Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出過國(guó)嗎？--No, never.不，從來不。3．just

just “剛剛”（多用于肯定句，位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前），如：I have just tried to call you.我剛剛打電話給你。4．before before “之前”（一般位于句末；常與never呼應(yīng)），如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before.他說他以前從來沒看過這么美的風(fēng)景。Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.1.Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他們一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)有人需要幫助，就選定適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹韼椭麄儭?/p>

a)once 是從屬連詞，表“一旦??就??”,它的從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，主句則為一般將來時(shí)。或者主從句均為過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

eg: Once you become interested in playing computer games, you’ll have trouble giving them up.一旦你迷上了電腦游戲，你就很難放棄它。

b)decide on(doing)sth.決定（做）某事，相當(dāng)于 decide to do sth.eg: They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan.他們決定在海南度假。

= They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.2.The government provides homeless people with nice homes.政府向無家可歸的人們提供舒適的住處。

provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.提供給某人某物

eg: The school provided the students with food.這所學(xué)校為學(xué)生們提供食物。

= The school provided food for the students.3.I think it’s a wonderful place to live in.我認(rèn)為那是一個(gè)居住的好地方。

eg: There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的事。

I need a pen to write with.我需要一只筆寫字。

be successful in doing sth.成功地做成某事，相當(dāng)于 succeed in doing sth.如： eg: He was successful in passing the exam.他成功地通過了考試。

They were successful in climbing Mount Huang.他們成功地登上了黃山。

5．In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan.在近十六年來，希望工程已籌集了大約30億元。

in the past + 若干時(shí)間，表“近若干時(shí)間來”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

eg: They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months.近兩個(gè)月來，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了大約500個(gè)英語單詞。6.復(fù)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語和構(gòu)詞法 Unit 2 Saving the earth Topic 1 I can’t stand the environment here.1.I can’t stand the environment here.我無法容忍這兒的環(huán)境。

stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名詞、代詞及動(dòng)名詞做賓語。

eg: I can’t stand that man, he talks too much.我忍受不了那個(gè)人了，他話太多了。

I can’t stand waiting any longer.我再也等不了了。2.What do you mean by sth.?

某物是什么意思呢? = What’s the meaning of sth ? = What does sth.mean?

3.I hope I can move from here soon.我希望我能早點(diǎn)從這兒搬走。當(dāng)主從句主語一致時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成不定式短語

= I hope to move from here soon.我希望早點(diǎn)從這兒搬走。

4．There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.有幾座工廠正往河里排放污水。

There be + sb./ sth.+ doing sth.表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。eg: There are some birds singing in the tree.樹上有些鳥兒在歌唱。

There is a little girl crying in the street.街上有個(gè)小女孩在哭。5．stop doing sth.停止做（正在進(jìn)行的）事

stop to do sth.停下來去做（另一件）事

eg: It’s late.They will stop working and(stop)to have supper.很遲了。他們將停下來吃晚飯。

The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher.學(xué)生們停止說話去聽課。6．I’m sorry for making so much noise.很抱歉我弄出這么大的噪音。

be sorry for doing sth.表對(duì)做過的事感到抱歉

be sorry to do sth.表對(duì)當(dāng)前的事感到抱歉

eg: I’m sorry for waking you up yesterday.很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。

I’m sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打擾你了。

I’m sorry to hear that.聽到那個(gè)（消息）感到很遺憾。

no better than? 表“同??(幾乎)一樣差;不比??做得好” eg: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam.露西和莉莉考得幾乎一樣糟.= Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.8.復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)和由for / since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語搭配使用。a)“for + 時(shí)間段”

與 “since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)”

都表“一段時(shí)間”，常用How long 提問。b)如句中含有非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)。Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth? 1.It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal.它（文章）寫到中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界上最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。

sth.+ says that? 此句型中主語是事或物，say表用“文字、數(shù)字”說明信息。

eg: It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card.卡片上寫著“新年快樂！”。

The clock says that it is 20:00 now.這面鐘顯示現(xiàn)在是20：00。2.As we know, none of us likes pollution.眾所周知，沒有人喜歡污染。

eg: He has read none of these books.（指物）這些書他一本都沒看過。

None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友們沒有一個(gè)喜歡畫畫。

No one is here.沒有一個(gè)在這兒。

none回答how many/ much的問題；no one回答who的問題。如：

A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.有多少的學(xué)生搭出租車來上學(xué)？沒有人。

A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.瓶子里有多少水？一點(diǎn)兒也沒有。

A: Who is in the room? B: No one.誰在房中？沒有人。

3.When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨時(shí)，土壤就會(huì)被沖走。

will be +過去分詞為一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語形式。

eg: The earth will be blown away by the wind.泥土將會(huì)被風(fēng)刮走。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

= The wind will blow away the earth.風(fēng)將會(huì)把泥土刮走。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）

5．A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand.許多肥沃的土地已經(jīng)變成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黃沙。

a)change? into? = turn? into?

把?..(轉(zhuǎn))變成?

eg: Please change/ turn English into Chinese.請(qǐng)把英語變成漢語。

When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.當(dāng)交通燈變成綠色時(shí),我們就可以通行。

b)leaving only stand現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語, 表伴隨主動(dòng)。

eg: The children went away, talking and laughing.孩子們說著、笑著離開了。

eg: Trees can keep water from running away.樹可以防止水土流失。7.in danger of(doing)sth.處于做某事的危險(xiǎn)中

eg: They are in danger of losing their lives.他們正處于失去生命的危險(xiǎn)中。8.cut down 砍到 Eg：Many trees are cut down every years 9.You may either take a bus or a taxi.你們可能搭公車去或者是搭出租車去。

a)either?or? “要么?要么?并列連詞,連接主語時(shí),根據(jù)就近原則選取謂語動(dòng)詞。

eg: You may come either today or tomorrow.你要么今天來，要么明天來。

Either you or he is right.要么你對(duì)，要么他對(duì)。

b)either 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，是代詞，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。如：

A：Ｗo(hù)uld you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK

你想要咖啡還是茶？隨便都可以。

Either of us is right.我們倆中有一人是對(duì)的。Topic 3 Let’s be greener people.1.We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away.我們應(yīng)該把紙的兩面都使用，將塑料袋再次使用而不是輕易扔掉。

both 修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞；而 either 修飾單數(shù)名詞；

be supposed to do sth.指（按規(guī)定、習(xí)慣、安排等）應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事；相當(dāng)于should;用于否定句時(shí)，表“允許”；

eg: Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot.老師應(yīng)該知道很多。

You are not supposed to smoke here.這里不允許抽煙。

4.First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，當(dāng)你離開房間的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。

You ought to help your mother do some housework.你應(yīng)該幫你媽媽做些家務(wù)。We should study hard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。其否定式和疑問式：

eg:

I can't wait to fly there!我迫不急待地想要飛往哪里。

又：can't help doing sth.忍不住要做某事，如：I can't help laughing.我忍不住笑了。3.have a good chance to do sth.有個(gè)做某事的好機(jī)會(huì)

eg: You'll have a good chance to practicing speaking English.你將有一個(gè)練習(xí)說英語的好機(jī)會(huì)。

4.practice speaking English 練習(xí)說英語。有的動(dòng)詞后再跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用--ing形式，如：practice, finish, enjoy, meind等等。

5.from now on 從現(xiàn)在起，意思相當(dāng)于later on 后來，過后，將來。eg: Try your best and work much harder(at English)from now on.從現(xiàn)在起，盡你最大的努力更努力(得多)地學(xué)習(xí)(英語)。6.on business 出差

?eg：Mr.Lee is on business in the U.S.A..7.be similar to...與...相似

12.have trouble(in)doing sth.在做某事方面有困難。

eg: In general, he has no trouble understanding people.一般說來，他聽懂別人的說話是沒有困難的。

13.What's more 還有

once in a while 有時(shí)，偶爾，相當(dāng)于at times或sometimes 14.whenever = no matter when

topic 2 English is spoken differently indifferent countries。1.follow = understand 聽懂,理解, 明白, eg: I can't follow you.? Can you speak more slowly, please? 2.be the same as?? 與...相同，eg: Is Australian English the same sa British English? 澳大利亞英語和英國(guó)英語是相同的嗎? 3.I'm flying to Disneyland tomorrow.? 明天我要飛往迪斯尼樂園.?注: 此句中 am flying是表示一般將來時(shí).???英語中,??“位移動(dòng)詞”或稱“趨向動(dòng)詞”?可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 這類動(dòng)詞有“l(fā)eave”, “l(fā)eave for”, “l(fā)eave ? for?”, “come,” “fly?”, “return”, “arrive”, “go”,? “start”(出發(fā)), 等等, 如:? I'm going.我要走了.?? I'm coming!我就來!? My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.4.depend on? 依靠；取決于；依?而定, 如: Sometimes the meaning can change, depending on the country where it is spoken.5.succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事，eg: f you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences.如果你想成功地表達(dá)自己的意思, 你就需要了解一些這種不同點(diǎn).6.on one's way to +地名, 在去某地的路上(后接副詞時(shí)不用to)?.? eg: Lucy is on her way to school.露西在回家的路上.??

eg: Michael sees a foreigner putting out his hand with his thumb raised.邁克爾看見一個(gè)外國(guó)人伸出他的手, 拇指朝上.??? [本名還要掌握see sb.doing sth.看見某人正在做某事? see sb.do sth.看見某人做某事, 以及with his thumb raised作伴隨狀語.] 8.ask for a ride 請(qǐng)求搭車, The foreigner is asking for a ride.這個(gè)外國(guó)人在請(qǐng)求搭車.9.be worried about...為...擔(dān)心

eg: I'm still worried about my English.我還在為我的英語擔(dān)心.10 as for...? 至于?, 關(guān)于某人/某事

12.be closed to...? 靠近..., The Disneyland is close to Los Angeles.? 迪斯尼樂園離洛杉磯很近。

13.in person 親自

eg:He helped her with her English in person.14.be fond of...? 喜愛...eg: Children are fond of exciting rides like Pirates of the Caribbean.15.come about 發(fā)生

eg: How did these differences come about? 這些差別是如何發(fā)生的?

Can you tell me how the accident came about? 16.be forced to do sth.被迫做某事

Eg：He say it slowly to make him understood 2.work hard at 努力?

(to 是介詞，后接名詞或V-ing)Eg：If you stick to the truth ,you have nothing to fear.He sticks to having a talk with his teacher.4.Laugh at 嘲笑

Eg：Don’t laugh at others.5.come to realize 明白

eg：After talking to his teacher,he have come to realize his teacher is always caring for him。5.in order to 為了

(后接動(dòng)詞原形)eg：He gets up early in order to catch the fisrt bus.6.give up 放棄

eg：I always advise my father to give up smoking.7.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。Unit 4 Amazing Science Topic 1 Spaceship are mainly controlled by computers.1.dream of 夢(mèng)想

Eg：I dream of studying in a university.2.send 寄，送

Eg：I will send a gift to my mother on her birthday.=I will send my mother a gift on her birthday.相關(guān)的短語：～ for 派人去請(qǐng)

～off 送行

～ out發(fā)出（光、熱）；長(zhǎng)（葉子）

～ up 發(fā)射

3.no doubt 毫無疑問

Eg : There is no doubt he is a kind man.4.thanks to 多虧

eg : Thanks to the bad weather we don’t have to do morning exercise.5.turn on 打開

turn off 關(guān)掉

turn up 調(diào)高

turn down 調(diào)低 Topic 2 When was it invented? 1.Because I’m not allowed to play computer games.因?yàn)槲也豢梢酝骐娔X游戲。allow “允許、準(zhǔn)許”的意思。常用于以下幾種形式：

(1)allow +n./prep 如：

We can’t allow such a thing.我們不容許這種事情發(fā)生。

(2)allow sb.to do sth 允許某人做某事如：

She allowed me to go fishing.她允許我去釣魚。

(3)allow +doing sth 允許做某事如：

We don’t allow smoking in the reading-room.我們不允許在閱覽室吸煙。

(4)be allowed to do sth 如：被允許做某事

The students are allowed to play games on the play ground after school.放學(xué)后學(xué)生們被準(zhǔn)許在操場(chǎng)上做游戲。

2.It’s made from wood.它用木材做的。

(1)be made in 在??地方制造，后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。

(2)be made of 用??制造的，表示原材料未經(jīng)化學(xué)變化，仍可看得出原材料。

(3)be made from 用??制造的，表示原材料經(jīng)過化學(xué)變化，已看不出其原樣。

(4)be made by 由（被）??（人）制作，后接表示人的名詞或代詞。

(5)be made into（某物）被制成??

(6)be made up of 由??組成如：

The TV set is made in Japan.這臺(tái)電視機(jī)是日本生產(chǎn)的。

These houses are made of stones.這些房子是由石頭建造的。

Paper is made from wood.紙是木頭造的。

Was this cake made by your mother?這蛋糕是你媽媽做的嗎？

Metal can be made into all kinds of things.金屬可以制成各種各樣的物品。

The medical team is made up of ten doctors.這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由10位大夫組成。

4.It’s used for helping us to improve our English.它用來幫助我們提高英語水平。

(1)be used for+ving

be used to do（被）用來做?

強(qiáng)調(diào)用途或作用

(2)be used as（被）作為??而用，強(qiáng)調(diào)被當(dāng)作工具或手段來用。

(3)be used by 被??使用，by后跟人/物，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。Eg：Pens are used for writing.鋼筆被用來寫字。

Wood is used to make paper.木材被用來造紙。

English is used as a foreign language in China.英語在中國(guó)被當(dāng)作外語使用。

no longer（通常在動(dòng)詞前），not?any longer;not?any more（用于非正式文體中）都可表示“（過去曾?）現(xiàn)在不再?”

work well 有效 eg：China’s one-child police works well in controlling China’s population.as long as 只要 eg :As long as you work hard ,you must succeed one day.Topic 3 I don’t think aliens can be found in space.1.in the future 將來