第一篇：句子的連接、并列復(fù)合句、狀語從句

句子的連接、并列復(fù)合句、狀語從句

1．句子的連接

導(dǎo)言：英語的五個(gè)基本句型，都為簡單句。如何將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連接起來，就是句子的連接問題。

牢牢記住：逗號(hào)“，”不能連接兩個(gè)句子

這是英語書面語中句子連接的核心思想，如：

錯(cuò)：He is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(他病了，今晚不能來參加派對(duì)。)改：He is ill and he cannot come to the party this evening.或： Because he is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.或： He is ill so he cannot come to the party this evening.當(dāng)然，還可以有其他幾種改法。但不管怎么改，都必須有“連接詞”，如上句中的 “and”, “because”, “so” 都稱為“連接詞”。不同的連接詞有不同的句法功能，名稱五花八門。為了便于學(xué)習(xí)，講座中將盡量避免使用語法術(shù)語，大家只要記住“連接詞”這個(gè)概念就可以了。

上述兩個(gè)句子的連接，如果不用連接詞連接，就必須將其中一個(gè)句子（一般為從句）的謂語動(dòng)詞改為“動(dòng)詞非謂語形式”，即：

Being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.關(guān)于這個(gè)問題，將在“第五講：動(dòng)詞非謂語形式”具體討論。

舉出上述例子，是想告訴考生一個(gè)重要的語法現(xiàn)象：當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)句子（或類似兩個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)）要求連接時(shí)，A，B，C，D選項(xiàng)的正確答案要么是“連接詞”，要么是“動(dòng)詞非謂語形式”，其他形式都是錯(cuò)的。這個(gè)概念對(duì)于應(yīng)試是非常重要的。

例如：

Some metals are better conductors than others, ______ means that the former has atoms that contain more free electrons than the latter.A.it B.that C.this D.which

不要考慮這個(gè)句子是什么意思，首先看到的是這兩個(gè)句子中間是個(gè)“，”號(hào)，其考點(diǎn)只有一個(gè)，即A，B，C，D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)是連接詞。A，C在英語中不是連接詞，永遠(yuǎn)不可能用來連接兩個(gè)句子。這是個(gè)“非限制性定語從句”（具體概念見“第四講”），故正確答案為D。

又如：

It ______ fine, all the students went to Xishan for a picnic.A.was B.is C.be D.being 這兩個(gè)句子中間又是個(gè)“，”號(hào)。顯然，這道題的A，B，C，D選項(xiàng)不是連接詞，而是“動(dòng)詞”，只有用“動(dòng)詞非謂語形式”才能把這兩個(gè)“句子”連起來，故正確答案只能是D。

一再強(qiáng)調(diào)的一個(gè)思想是：對(duì)于某些語法題，解題思路比單純認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)英文單詞更為重要。

英語中，句子的連接有以下幾種形式： 1）并列復(fù)合句 2）狀語從句

3）定語從句（含同位語從句）

4）名詞性從句（即主、賓、表語從句）2． 并列復(fù)合句

簡單地說，由簡單并列連詞and, but, or，或復(fù)合并列連詞both… and…, neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…連接的句子稱為并列復(fù)合句。

重點(diǎn)： 1）and表示“轉(zhuǎn)折” 所以要確定，應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文，特別是兩個(gè)句子中的用詞是“同方向的”還是“反方向的”，前者一般用 “and”, 后者一般用 “but”，.例如：

There was little rain last year______ the farmers still got a bumper crop.這個(gè)句中“l(fā)ittle rain”（少雨）和“a bumper crop”（豐收）是相反方向的用詞，故應(yīng)填“but”。請回憶一下“第一講”中的有關(guān)示例。3）or-解釋為“或者”，表示選擇，但在“非真實(shí)條件句中”解釋為“否則”，引出“含蓄虛擬式” 4）關(guān)于復(fù)合并列連詞，主要注意兩個(gè)問題，一是“數(shù)”，二是句子的“均衡”。

在歷年軍隊(duì)職稱考試中，并列復(fù)合句方面的題出得較少。3． 狀語從句

所謂狀語從句，是指用來說明主句行為（或狀態(tài)）發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、地點(diǎn)、目的、結(jié)果及方式等。

1)時(shí)間狀語從句：記住以下連接詞的意思和重點(diǎn)：(1)when / while / as（當(dāng)…時(shí)侯）

注意：while除了做時(shí)間狀語的連接詞外，還解釋為“雖然…”，“而…”。

例如：He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.(他很勤奮，而她卻很懶。)(2)before(after)在…之前（后）

(3)until / not until（直到）注意：not until放在句首時(shí)，往往要求倒裝(4)as soon as / once(一…就…)(5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副詞，這里作連接詞，表示“一…就…”，例如： I knew I had made a mistake directly(或用immediately / as soon as)I had done it.(剛做完這件事，我就知道我做錯(cuò)了。)(6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名詞或副詞，這里作連接詞用。

(7)hardly(scarcely)…when… / no sooner…than…“一…就…” 注意：這是時(shí)間狀語考試的重點(diǎn)句型，一是不要把兩個(gè)句型中的when和than的搭配搞錯(cuò)了，二是要用倒裝語序。

例如：

Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.(我剛坐下，電話鈴就響了。)重點(diǎn)：在時(shí)間（和條件）狀語中，用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。

例如：

We'll start as soon as the leader ______.(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一來就開始。)A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came 根據(jù)英語“時(shí)態(tài)一致性”原則，主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致，答案似乎應(yīng)該是B或C，但是正確答案是A，因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)間狀語中，用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。將上句改為過去時(shí)，道理也一樣： He said(that)we would start as soon as the leader _____.A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes 答案應(yīng)為A 2)條件狀語從句：分真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句（虛擬語氣）重點(diǎn)：在條件（時(shí)間）狀語中，用一般時(shí)代替將來時(shí)（可參見時(shí)間狀語從句例子）

虛擬語氣（見“第六講”）

主要連接詞：

(1)if / unless(除非 = if not 如果不)例如：

Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.A.except B.besides C.unless D.whereas 解題思路：根據(jù)上面說過的連接原則，這里必須是一個(gè)“連接詞”，而A，B都是介詞，因此正確答案只能在C，D中選?！皐hereas”意為“而”，故正確答案為C。（不應(yīng)把兒童帶到重病人房間，除非有某種特殊原因。）

(2)provided / on condition that(跟句子)（如果…）知道這也是連接詞就可以了，一般說，當(dāng)考題中出現(xiàn)這種詞時(shí)，應(yīng)傾向選擇。3)原因狀語從句：

主要連接詞：because/ since / as 要點(diǎn)：不要把連接詞 because與介詞短語because of(+ 名詞或-ing形式)相混淆；

不要把表示原因的since與表示時(shí)間的since“自從…”相混淆；

不要把表示原因的as與表示時(shí)間的as“隨著…”相混淆；

順便提一下，because表示直接“因果關(guān)系”，而since, as 是對(duì)事實(shí)的說明，主句和從句之間并不一定具有“因果關(guān)系”。

例如：

As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.(你已經(jīng)18歲了，應(yīng)該知道什么該干什么不該干。)這個(gè)句子用because連接就不太合適。好在軍隊(duì)職稱考試中并不要求作這種分辨。

…for 注意：一般只能放在主句后面，即主句 + for從句，例如： He must have gone to bed, for it is too late.(他肯定已經(jīng)睡了；現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很晚了。)--該句不能用because now that / seeing that / considering that（由于…）

Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.（鑒于這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)解決，他們開始進(jìn)行下一個(gè)問題。）n …in that（在于…）一般放在主句后面，例如：

Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.(人比動(dòng)物高等，因?yàn)槿四芤哉Z言作為工具進(jìn)行交際。)４)讓步狀語從句：

主要連接詞：although（雖然）/ even if(though)（即使）/ while（盡管）后兩個(gè)是考試的重點(diǎn)。no matter what…(= whatever無論…什么…)/ no matter how…(=however，無論怎樣…)/ whether…or not（不論…還是…）這是讓步句考試的重點(diǎn)。

例如：

No matter what(或Whatever)may happen, we will not change our plan.(無論可能發(fā)生什么，我們決不改變計(jì)劃。)No matter how difficult(或However difficult)the journey may be, we will not change our plan.（不管路程有多難，我們決不改變計(jì)劃。）

We should not worry her whether she is well or ill(或whether she is ill or not).（無論她身體好壞，我們都不應(yīng)使她煩惱。）注意：no matter what后面跟名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)；no matter how后面跟形容詞或副詞，不要搞錯(cuò)；用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however。

５)比較狀語從句：

這是英語語法必考內(nèi)容，要特別加以重視。

基本概念：兩個(gè)比較級(jí)，三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上最高級(jí)。要對(duì)數(shù)字“2”特別敏感，試選擇： Of Mary and Jane, who is ______? A.smart B.the smartest C.more smarter D.the smarter 解題思路：很顯然這是一道考形容詞比較級(jí)的題目，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選題A可以判斷smart是個(gè)形容詞原級(jí)，因此可以斷定C的形式錯(cuò)了（重復(fù)比較，如不能說more happier 一樣的道理）。B是最高級(jí)，但句中只有兩個(gè)人Mary 和Jane，因此正確答案只能是D，這是一個(gè)較特殊的比較級(jí)句型，即the + 形容詞比較級(jí) + of(兩個(gè))。

比較級(jí)的主要句型：

(1)原級(jí)比較：as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+ as，否定式：not so(或as)+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+ as 注意問題：as…as 之間的形容詞或副詞是否采用了原級(jí)；as…as 之間該用形容詞還是副詞；用as much as 還是用as many as 表示倍數(shù)時(shí)用下面結(jié)構(gòu)，如3倍：three times as …as…

例如：

The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.A.three times as much as B.as three times much as C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as 解題思路：B、C違反了上述句型規(guī)定，A、D的區(qū)別是size（大小 / 尺寸）是與much搭配還是與big搭配，D是對(duì)的。

（2）比較級(jí)：more …than…

注意：

1）比較形式是否正確，如是否有類似“more better”這樣重復(fù)比較的錯(cuò)誤； 2）兩者之間是比較級(jí)，三者以上是最高級(jí)，看看是“兩者”還是“三者或三者以上;3）只有同類的人或物才能比較（可比性）；比較不能包括”自己“，常用other表示排除。

例如不能說：

He is taller than any students in this class.而應(yīng)說：

He is taller than any other student(s)in this class.4）修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等，例如： John did badly in the sports meet.I did even worse(than John did).你能看出下句的問題嗎？

His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher.(他是個(gè)公共汽車司機(jī)，他的工資要比教師高。)該句有兩個(gè)大錯(cuò)1）high的比較級(jí)為higher，2）主語his salary（他的工資）而比較對(duì)象是a teacher，兩者不可比，怎樣的表達(dá)才是對(duì)的呢？請選擇： His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher C.than a teacher's D.than that of a teacher's 正確答案是C，也可以寫成than that of a teacher（請聯(lián)系名詞格的概念想一想）最高級(jí)the most of +比較范圍 / 最高級(jí)+名詞+that（不是which）定語從句，例如： This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.(這是我看過的最有趣的電影。)the more…the more…

The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them.(眼鏡戴的時(shí)間越長越有依賴性。)考試時(shí)，一般只要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)”the“ 和比較級(jí)形式就不難判別。

其他表示比較意思的形式

A is superior / inferior to B（A 比B高級(jí) / 低級(jí)）

注意：superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less;用to不是用 than。

例如：

Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.（人比動(dòng)物高級(jí)在于人能用語言進(jìn)行交際。）prefer… rather than(寧可…而不…)例如：

I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there.(我寧可呆在外面受冷，也不在那兒過夜。)Would rather…than…..(用法和意思與上句型差不多)6)地點(diǎn)狀語從句：

主要連接詞：where / wherever / everywhere 注意地點(diǎn)狀語從句中where與定語從句中關(guān)系副詞where的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系： Put the book where it is.(把書放好，即”把書放在該放的地方。)Put the book in the place where it is.以上兩個(gè)句子的意思是一樣的，第一個(gè)句子是“地點(diǎn)狀語從句”，第二個(gè)句子是“定語從句”（詳見“第四講”），where作關(guān)系副詞修飾the place 7)方式狀語從句：

as按時(shí)（正如…/ 就象…）

Air is to man as water is to fish.要點(diǎn)：不要把a(bǔ)s 與like 混淆，like是介詞，不是連接詞, 如不能說：All plants need air like they need water，應(yīng)為：All plants need air as they need water.（所有的植物需要空氣，正如他們需要水一樣。）

as if / as though（好象…）可以是真實(shí)的，也可以是“虛擬”的，如：

The meat tastes as if(though)it has already gone bad.（這肉吃起來好象變質(zhì)了。--確實(shí)壞了）

He speaks English as though(if)he were an Englishman.(他說起英語來好象英國人。--他不是英國人，動(dòng)詞用的是were)8）目的 / 結(jié)果狀語從句

目的狀語從句：

so that / in order that lest / for fear that(惟恐… / 一以免…)注意：該句型一般使用“should型”虛擬式（見“第六講”）

結(jié)果狀語從句：

so…that / such…that…/ so that / that / so The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him.（這位教授講話很快，我們感到很難理解他講話的意思。要點(diǎn)：so + 形容詞或副詞）

He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly.(他給了我很好的建議，因此我順利地完成了任務(wù)。要點(diǎn)：such + 名詞)The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.（這部電影如此精彩，每個(gè)觀眾都被深深打動(dòng)了。要點(diǎn)：such在這里做代詞，可以理解為：The film is such a good film that…）

順便提一下，“…，only to do…” 雖不屬于從句，但是是一個(gè)重要的表(意想不到的)結(jié)果的句型，請記住，例如：

For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day.(為這個(gè)決定我們幾乎等了三個(gè)小時(shí)，可結(jié)果被告知第二天返回。)從考試角度看，狀語從句的重點(diǎn)是：時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和比較

第二篇：初中英語語法復(fù)合句狀語從句教案

第14單元 復(fù)合句—狀語從句

狀語從句在句中作狀語，修飾句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。

狀語從句由從屬連詞作關(guān)聯(lián)詞，從屬連詞在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。狀語從句在主句之前，一般要用逗號(hào)分開，朗讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。狀語從句在主句之后，一般不用逗號(hào)，朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。

狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等類型。

1.時(shí)間狀語從句

(1)常用的連詞有when, while, before, after, until(till),since, as soon as等。

(2)時(shí)間狀語從句中一般不用將來時(shí)，若談?wù)搶淼氖虑椋靡话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。

『例』 I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.(3)when和while都表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，但有區(qū)別。when強(qiáng)調(diào)“特定時(shí)間”。

『例』 There was a loud knock at the door when he was just falling asleep.while表示的時(shí)間是一段，而不是一點(diǎn)。

『例』 While he was having supper, he heard someone knock at the door.while有時(shí)還有對(duì)比的含義。

『例』 While I was reading, he was writing.2.原因狀語從句

(1)常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。

(2)because表示直接的原因，著重點(diǎn)在從句，用于回答why,語氣最強(qiáng)。『例』 I can't go to school because I am ill.since一般表示對(duì)方已知的，無須加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由，全句中心在主句，語氣比because弱，常譯為“既然”。

『例』 Since you are ill, I'll go alone.as表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，著重點(diǎn)在主句，語氣較弱。常譯為“由于”。

『例』 As it is raining hard, we won't go hiking.

for是個(gè)并列連詞，只能放在另一個(gè)并列分句后面，表示一種推理或解釋，或用作附加說明，而不是指理由或原因，語氣最弱，一般不放在句首，常譯成“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

『例』 You haven't met him, for he didn't come here.3.條件狀語從句

常由if(假如、如果)No matter(不管)來引導(dǎo)。

『例』 No matter what he says，I won't believe him，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來?！豪?I'll go for a picnic if it is fine.4.結(jié)果狀語從句

一般由so...that, such...that引導(dǎo)。

『例』It's such a heavy box that nobody can move it.The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.5.目的狀語從句

往往由so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。

『例』I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.He set off early in order that he might be in time.6.比較狀語從句

常由as...as, than, not as/so...as等引導(dǎo)。比較從句部分常是省略句，『例』 I'm taller than he(is).Science is not as popular as English.7.方式狀語從句 常用as引導(dǎo)。

『例』 You should do it as I told you.8.讓步狀語從句

由though或although等引導(dǎo)，但不能與but同時(shí)連用?！豪?Though it snowed heavily, they kept on working.9.地點(diǎn)狀語從句

常用where, wherever引導(dǎo)?！豪?I'll go where work is hard.

第三篇：復(fù)合句(定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句)教案

復(fù)合句（定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句）

定語從句

考點(diǎn)一 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1．whose是一個(gè)表示所屬關(guān)系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，of which可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是名詞＋of which或of which＋名詞。of whom 可以代替whose指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。

2．which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that；which代指前面整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容。

3．who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。

考點(diǎn)二 介詞提前了的定語從句

1．與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配。2．與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。

3．of＋which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose)考點(diǎn)三 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1．關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，when指時(shí)間，where指地點(diǎn)，why指原因，在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。

2．先行詞是時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，如果在從句中不作狀語，則不能用when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句，而要用which/that。

考點(diǎn)四 先行詞為point, situation, case等的定語從句

point，situation，case，activity等，從表面上看它們不是表地點(diǎn)的，但卻表示類似地點(diǎn)的意義，因此它們作先行詞時(shí)，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。

名詞性從句

考點(diǎn)一 主語從句

主語從句在主句中作主語，位于主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句子的后面，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋從句。考點(diǎn)二 同位語從句

1．同位語從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名詞的后面，是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。2．同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

同位語從句是對(duì)前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語從句是對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定的句子成分?？键c(diǎn)三 表語從句

表語從句在句中作表語，位于主句的系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞有that，whether，as if；疑問代詞有who，what，which；疑問副詞where，why，when，how等。考點(diǎn)四 “疑問詞＋ever”與“no matter＋疑問詞”的區(qū)別

“疑問詞＋ever”與“no matter＋疑問詞”雖然都有“無論……”的意思，但是用法有區(qū)別：“疑問詞＋ever”既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，而“no matter＋疑問詞只能用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。

狀語從句

考點(diǎn)一 時(shí)間狀語從句

1．表示時(shí)間的狀語從句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since，as soon as等詞引導(dǎo)。

【溫馨提示】when可表原因，意為“既然”。

How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 既然你什么也聽不下去你怎么期望學(xué)東西呢？

2．a(chǎn)s soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一……就……”。從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。

3．no sooner...than和hardly...when引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動(dòng)詞一般用過去完成時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首，主句須倒裝?？键c(diǎn)二 條件狀語從句

1．通常由if，unless如果不，除非，as(so)long as 只要，in case “結(jié)果，萬一”等連詞引導(dǎo)。2．由on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。考點(diǎn)三 地點(diǎn)狀語從句

1．通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)，從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2．地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。Where there's a will，there's a way.有志者事竟成。考點(diǎn)四 讓步狀語從句

1.由although，though，as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句although和though同義，用法基本相同。前者較正式，多置于句首；后者較通俗、口語化。

【溫馨提示】 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句多用于書面語，語序要倒裝。Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但是他知道得很多。

2．even if, even though表示“即使，縱然”，有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語中。3．whether(...or)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，提供兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的假設(shè)。4．由疑問詞＋ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句?？键c(diǎn)五 原因狀語從句

原因狀語從句常用because, since, as, for引導(dǎo)，還可用now that(既然)，considering that...(考慮到……)，not that...but that(不是因?yàn)椤且驗(yàn)?等引導(dǎo)。考點(diǎn)六 結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句由so that, so...that, such that, such...that等詞引導(dǎo)。

復(fù)合句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.A.which

B.whose

C.when

D.where 【解析】答案：B 句意：這家校內(nèi)商店放假時(shí)關(guān)門，它的顧客主要是學(xué)生?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞，故可判斷逗號(hào)后面是非限制性定語從句；本句先行詞是the school shop，還原到從句后為：The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此選B，用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中作定語。

2.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.A.they

B.where

C.what

D.that 【解析】答案：D 句意：這個(gè)古老的小鎮(zhèn)擁有建造得彼此靠得很近的狹窄街道和小房子。本題考查定語從句。先行詞是narrow streets and small houses，還原到從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that。A和C不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；B是關(guān)系副詞，不能作主語。3.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.that 【解析】答案：C 句意：Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語，所有的(三門語言)她都說得很流利。先行詞為German，F(xiàn)rench，Russian，代入定語從句后為：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓語，先行詞指“物”，且介詞提前，故用which。4.Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, ________ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.A.of those

B.from which

C.of which

D.in which 【解析】答案：C 考查定語從句。此處表示“其中的一些西紅柿”，故用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

5.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ________ they cannot work out.A.that

B.if

C.in order that

D.as 【解析】 答案：D 句意：作為老師，我很少給我的學(xué)生難以解決的問題。先行詞為so difficult a problem，代入定語從句后為：They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語?！皊o或such＋名詞”作先行詞、且先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，需用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。本題易誤選為A項(xiàng)，用that引導(dǎo)狀語從句，但狀語從句應(yīng)是完整的，所以，如選A項(xiàng)，題干應(yīng)該為：As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot work it out.作為老師，我很少給我的學(xué)生如此難的問題以至他們不能解決。

6.It is still under discussion ___ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether

B.when

C.which

D.where 【解析】答案：A 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那個(gè)舊公交車站是否應(yīng)該被一家現(xiàn)代化賓館所取代仍在討論中?！癐t”作形式主語，“________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主語。根據(jù)句意及題干中的“or not”可知答案為whether，“whether...or not”在名詞性從句中意為：是否。

7.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.A.whichever

B.however

C.whatever

D.whoever 【解析】答案：C 句意：她對(duì)我們彌足珍貴。我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好盡一切努力挽救她的生命。這里的whatever既作take的賓語，也引導(dǎo)do后的賓語從句。

8.Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone ________ made you angry is important.A.that

B.which

C.why

D.what 【解析】答案：D 考查名詞性從句。句意：生氣沒什么，但是知道如何告訴別人什么導(dǎo)致你生氣是很重要的。tell someone之后是賓語從句，且從句缺少主語，因此空處填what。9.In recent years, there has been a heated argument about ________ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.A.whether

B.if

C.what

D.that 【解析】答案：A 考查賓語從句?？瞻滋幵诮樵~about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介詞之后引導(dǎo)賓語從句，只能用whether，介詞后通常不用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

10.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware ________ she had gone.A.that where

B.of the place which

C.of what

D.of where 【解析】答案：D 句意：全家人都為詹妮擔(dān)心，因?yàn)闆]人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，為固定搭配；where引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞of的賓語。

11.He had no sooner finished his speech ________ the students started cheering.A.since

B.as

C.when

D.than 【解析】答案：D 本題考查固定句式。句意：他剛做完演講，學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來。no sooner往往與than連用，意為：一……就……。故答案為D項(xiàng)。

12.As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since 【解析】答案：D 考查狀語從句。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，自從清華大學(xué)成立已經(jīng)有100年了。這里用句式“It be＋一段時(shí)間＋since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句”表示“自從……(到現(xiàn)在)有多長時(shí)間了”。

13.No matter how ________, it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a desert may be dry

B.dry a desert may be C.may a desert be dry

D.dry may a desert be 【解析】答案：B 本題考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論沙漠可能會(huì)多么干燥，那里也未必沒有生命?！皀o matter how＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語”構(gòu)成讓步狀語從句。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合要求。

14.Having checked everything, he sat down to do his homework, ________ he heard a lightening strike the electricity pole in the backyard.A.for

B.when

C.or

D.but 【解析】答案：B 考查連詞。句意：檢查了所有的東西之后，他坐下來開始寫作業(yè)，這時(shí)他聽到閃電擊中了后院的電線桿的聲音。此處用when表示“這時(shí)”。

15.If you are traveling __ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A.in which

B.what

C.when

D.where 【解析】答案：D 句意：如果你正在一個(gè)風(fēng)俗迥異的地方旅行，請入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句；A項(xiàng)in which在定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，缺少先行詞，所以不正確。16.--Could you please cut the price a little?--Er...________ you buy more than ten.A.even if

B.so long as

C.in case

D.as soon as 【解析】答案：B 句意：— 你能降一點(diǎn)價(jià)嗎？— 呃……只要你買十個(gè)以上。so long as只要；even if即便，即使；in case以防萬一；as soon as一……就……。

17.It was foolish of you to take a taxi ________ you could easily walk there in five minutes.A.though

B.as long as

C.so that

D.when 【解析】答案：D 考查連詞。句意：你五分鐘就可以走到那兒的，可你還打的去，真是太傻了。根據(jù)語意可知此處用when引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意為“既然，考慮到”。though意為“盡管，雖然”；as long as意為“只要”；so that意為“為了”，都不符合題意。18.________ one is fully prepared, out door sports can sometimes mean injuries.A.Until

B.Because

C.When

D.Unless 【解析】答案：D 考查連詞辨析。句意：要是沒有充分準(zhǔn)備的話，戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)意味著受傷。根據(jù)語意選D項(xiàng)，表示“如果不……；除非……”。

19.There she was, standing exactly ________ I had left her, crying bitterly.A.when

B.that

C.where

D.in which 5 【解析】答案：C 考查狀語從句。句意：她就站在我剛才離開她的那個(gè)地方悲痛地哭。where I had left her是地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

20.The new teacher was so well organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.A.when

B.in which

C.how

D.where 【解析】答案：D 考查狀語從句。句意：這位新老師條理非常清楚，她從我們昨天停止的地方開始，沒有遺漏要點(diǎn)。where we stopped yesterday是狀語從句。21.--Could you do me a favour?

--It depends on ________ it is.A.which

B.whichever

C.what

D.whatever 【解析】答案：C what在此導(dǎo)賓語從句，what在賓語從句中用作表語，句意為：這要看是什么(即這要看你要我?guī)褪裁疵?。

22.________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what

B.No matter which

C.Whatever

D.whichever 【解析】答案：D 從句意上看，應(yīng)一個(gè)表示“無論哪一個(gè)”的選項(xiàng)，因此B和D比較合適，但No matter which只用于引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，故不能選B。23.--It’s thirty years since we last met.--But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ________ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which

B.that

C.what

D.when 【解析】答案：B that在此引導(dǎo)同位=語從句，修飾名詞the story。此題的難點(diǎn)是，其中插入了believe it or not，使問題變得復(fù)雜了。

24.See the flags on top of the building? That was ________ we did this morning.A.when

B.which

C.where

D.what 【解析】答案：D what在此引導(dǎo)表語從句，同時(shí)what在表語從句中用作動(dòng)詞did的賓語，其意相當(dāng)于did the thing that。

25.A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.A.if

B.when

C.that

D.which 【解析】答案：C that在此引導(dǎo)同位語從句，修飾名詞thought。此題的難點(diǎn)是，名詞thought與修飾它的同位語從句被分離開了。

26.The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.6 A.which was

B.it was

C.which were

D.them were

【解析】答案：C 容易誤選A 或B, 將A、B 中的 which和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語。around which were high mountains是一個(gè)由 “介詞+which” 引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains, around which是表語，所以句子謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。

請做下面一組題（答案均為C）：

（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A.which is

B.it is

C.which are

D.them are（2）The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A.which are

B.it is

C.which is

D.them are（3）Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.A.which are

B.it is

C.which is

D.them are 27.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what

【解析】答案：C 容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為around 是介詞，選which用以代替前面的名詞hospital, 在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。以上語法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞, 意為 “在附近”；其后的 where引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital, 句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去買藥治我的手傷？ 28._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

【解析】答案：B 容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

此題答案選 A，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D：

7（1）______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It（2）______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It 29.Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 【解析】答案：A which 在定語從句中用作主語。

30.Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A.where

B.when

C.that

D.which 【解析】答案：A where 在定語從句中用作狀語。

附加題

1.David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A.that

B.who

C.as

D.whom 【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such…… that ……句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。最佳答案為C, 不是A, 因?yàn)樵趕uch…… that ……（如此……以至……）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such …… that ……，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語。選C 的理由如下：as用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語，句意為 “所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問，假若選A, 能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that。比較下面一題，答案為A, 因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語 him。David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A.that

B.who

C.as

D.whom 請?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}（答案選D）：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A.like

B.that

C.which

D.as 2.The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which

【陷阱】容易誤選 C, 用 them 代指 the buses。最佳答案是D。most of which were already full為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses。類似地，以下各題也選D。

8（1）His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which（2）Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which

（3）This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which 類似地, 以下各題選 whom, 不選 them:（4）George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that

B.him

C.them

D.whom

（5）Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that

B.who

C.them

D.whom（6）I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A.that

B.who

C.them

D.whom 3.He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students。最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of ……的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B.比較以下各題（答案均選A）:（1）He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

（2）He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A.them

B.which

C.what

D.that（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of ____ knew anything about the other.A.them

B.whom

C.which

D.who 4.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選 A, 認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。最佳答案是B, 這不是非限制性定語從 句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語，而是一個(gè) 過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited前加上助動(dòng)詞 were, 則是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句, 答案

便應(yīng)選A。比較：

（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that 答案選B, none of them carried out in their work是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，carried out 為過去分詞。

（2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _____ were carried out in their work.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that 答案選A, none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較 句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were.（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of __ were carried out in their work.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

答案選B, 由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but, 使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。

5.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents seated together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 【陷阱】容易誤選, 認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。最佳答案是A。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈?的動(dòng)詞seated不是謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以 下相似題：

（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 選B。whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語 were seated.（2）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 選A。因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and, 整個(gè)句子為并列句。

（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 選A。their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents sat together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 10 選B。whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語sat。（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 選B。whose parents were sitting together joking為非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語 were sitting。

6.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that

【陷阱】容易誤選A 或B, 認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語從句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that, 而不選 which：（1）If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A.as

B.which

C.and it

D.that（2）If you want a double room, _____ will cost another￡15.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that（3）Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A.that

B.which

C.and it

D.so（4）When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that 7.She says that she’ll never forget the time _ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 【陷阱】容易誤選B, 機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時(shí)間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.正確答案為A.在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that。比較下面一組題：（1）She says that she’ll never forget the time _______ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 選B。由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關(guān)系副詞when。（2）Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 選A。which在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞 bought 的賓語。

第四篇：【最新整理】2014年中考英語分類復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)并列復(fù)合句與狀語從句用法詳解

初中英語分類練習(xí)

——并列復(fù)合句與狀語從句

并列復(fù)合句

由并列連詞(and, but, or, so, not only?but also, however, neither? nor, either?or, still)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的互相獨(dú)立的分句連接而成的句子叫做并列句。并列句之間的關(guān)系有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系。

1.并列關(guān)系

He is a lovely boy and he is helpful.他很可愛，樂于助人。

2．轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

I can come, but will be a little late.我能來，但是要稍晚一些。

3.選擇關(guān)系

Either give a hand, or leave right away.或者幫忙，或者立刻離開。

4.因果關(guān)系

She is kind to the others, so all of us love her.她對(duì)別人很好，所以我們都喜歡她。

狀語從句

在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的從句叫狀語從句。例如：He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.（修飾動(dòng)詞go）昨天他沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

We must study so well as our teacher hoped.（修飾副詞well）我們應(yīng)該學(xué)得你我們老師希望的那么好。

Lucy is younger than Jim(is)。（修飾形容詞younger）

露茜比吉姆年輕。

狀語從句的語序應(yīng)是主語+謂語+其他成分，即陳述句的語序。

狀語從句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗號(hào)與主句分開；主句若是疑問句，那么時(shí)間狀語從句只能放在主句的前面。

狀語從句的用法

狀語從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思不同可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。狀語從句如果放在主句前通常用逗號(hào)分開。

1）時(shí)間狀語從句

時(shí)間狀語從句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等連詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：

I went to bed after the TV play was ever.電視劇完了以后我上床睡覺。

Could you look after her while we're away?

我們不在時(shí)你能照顧她嗎？

She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.自從****年她來到這座城市以來一直在這所學(xué)校教書。

Wait until I come back.請你等到我回來。

注意：

如主句是一般將來時(shí)，則表示將來的時(shí)間狀語只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例如：

I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就將寫信給你。

It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來臨時(shí)，天氣將變得越來越暖和。

2）原因狀語從句

原因狀語從句由because, as, since等連詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：

He sold the car because it was too small.他賣掉那輛小汽車，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

Since you won't help me, I must do the job myself.你既然不幫我忙，我必須自己做這項(xiàng)工作。

As my mother is away at this moment, I have to look after my younger sister.由于我的媽媽現(xiàn)在不在，我不得不照顧我的妹妹。

注意：

a）because, as, since, for的用法辨析

because, as, since, for都是表示各種理由的連詞，但because多表示所敘述的理由是本句的重點(diǎn)，故because所引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句末。

例如：

Why was he absent? Because he was badly ill.他為什么缺度？因?yàn)樗〉煤苤亍?/p>

as, since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是敘述的重點(diǎn)，兩者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重點(diǎn)。

例如：

As it is raining, let's stay as home.因?yàn)橄掠?，我們就留在家里吧?/p>

Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.因?yàn)槟銢]有駕駛執(zhí)照，所以你不可以開車。

for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，補(bǔ)充說明理由；主句表推測時(shí)，用for說明原因。例如：

I'll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.我會(huì)聽從他的勸告，因?yàn)樗轻t(yī)生。

b）because of也是表示原因狀語，但后面只能跟短語。例如：

I stayed at home because of the bad weather.因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓梦伊粼诩依铩?/p>

3）比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句由than或as來引導(dǎo)。例如：

I feel better now than(I was)before.我現(xiàn)在覺得比以前好了。

He writes as well as you(do).他寫得和你一樣好。

This problem is more difficult than that one(is).這道題比那道題難。

4）條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句由if, unless（= if not）算連詞引導(dǎo)。條件從句中的動(dòng)詞多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：

I shall go if he asks me.如果他請我，我就去。

I shan't go unless he asks me.除非他請我，否則我是不去的。

I shall go, whether he asks me or not.不管他請不請我，我都要去。

Come with me if you have time.如果你有時(shí)間請跟我來。

I want to watch a basketball match if I'm well tonight.如果今晚我好了的話，我要看一場籃球賽。

由and連接的簡單句，可以用條件狀語從句來改寫。例如：

Run faster and you'll catch up with him.跑快點(diǎn)兒你就會(huì)趕上他。

=If you run faster, you'll catch up with him.如果你跑得快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)趕上他。

5）結(jié)果狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句由so that, so? that引導(dǎo)。例如：

He has lost his bike so that he can't come to school on time.（結(jié)果狀語）他去了自行車，所以不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。

Your shirt were so dirty that you must wash it.（結(jié)果狀語）

你的襯衣這么臟，你應(yīng)該把它洗洗。

注意：

由so?that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句若是表示否定意思，可以用too?to（太?而不能）來替換。例如：

She was so angry that she could not say a word.=She was too angry to say a word.她氣得說不出話來。

6）讓步狀語從句

讓步狀語從句一般用though（雖然）、although（雖然）、even though（即使）引導(dǎo)。例如：

Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.他雖然努力嘗試，但沒有成功。

He went on working though it was very late.雖然很晚了，他還在繼續(xù)工作。注意：

1．漢語中的“雖然?但是?”在英語中用連詞though就可以了，或單獨(dú)使用but連接兩個(gè)并列句也可以，但不能在一個(gè)句子中同時(shí)用這兩個(gè)連詞（主句前不用連詞）。例如：“雖然我很喜歡照顧我姐姐的嬰兒，但她不讓我干”。

這個(gè)句子我們可以用下面兩種方法來表達(dá)。

Though I like looking after my sister's baby, she doesn't let me do it.I like looking after my sister's baby, but she doesn't let me do it.=though可以與yet連用，這里yet雖然意思與but相同，但yet不是連詞，而是副詞。例如：Though it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.雖然很冷，但他沒穿外衣就出去了。

二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)

（1）當(dāng)整句句子處于過去時(shí)的情況下，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

（2）當(dāng)整句句子處于將來時(shí)的情況下，總是主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

（3）由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，句子處于將來時(shí)的情況下，與所有的時(shí)間狀語從句一樣，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例如：I am going to be a doctor when I grow up

（4）整句句子處于將來時(shí)的情況下，且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，則持續(xù)的那個(gè)動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，瞬間的那個(gè)動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。

例如：I met my English teacher when I was walking in the street.（5）像He turned on TV set at once when he got home，整句句子處于過去時(shí)的情況下，且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，when=after，則時(shí)態(tài)與after一致，主句從句都用一般過去時(shí)。

（6）像The class had already begun when I entered the classroom.整句句子處于過去時(shí)的情況下，且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，但這里的when=before，則時(shí)態(tài)與before一致，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

一、例題選講

例1 He ________ the exam if he ________ harder.A． passes?works

C． will pass?will work

答案： B

提示： 在英語中，if既能夠引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又能夠引導(dǎo)狀語從句。但要注意主

句中的謂語是及物還是不及物動(dòng)詞。此句中pass the exam已經(jīng)明確表示

有賓語，if就是引導(dǎo)狀語，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例2 While she ________(watch)TV, the bell _________(ring).答案： was watching,rang

提示： 由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是正在進(jìn)行看電視這個(gè)動(dòng)作，門鈴響了這動(dòng)作也發(fā)生了，因此從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，主句用一般過去時(shí)。B． will pass?works D． passes?will work

第五篇：狀語從句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對(duì)比從句)條件從句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導(dǎo)，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.讓步從句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述讓步從句的某些從屬連詞時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

a.although(though)不可與連詞 but 連用；

b.as 引導(dǎo)的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語氣較強(qiáng)，并須將強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引導(dǎo)的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.對(duì)比從句

表示兩個(gè)人或兩件事之間的對(duì)比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導(dǎo)，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結(jié)果和目的從句)原因從句

主要由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 語氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導(dǎo)的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問題只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書面語，并且它們兼有其它意義。now that 有“時(shí)間”含義，表示”既然”，說明一種新

情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.結(jié)果從句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的從句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句也可引導(dǎo)目的從句，但結(jié)果從句表示事實(shí)，通常不含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，通常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（結(jié)果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動(dòng)詞須用 “動(dòng)詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語氣，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語氣，但如果主句謂語是感官動(dòng)詞，并且所述情況實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語氣，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比較從句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導(dǎo)，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句

由關(guān)聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它從句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引導(dǎo)的類比從句；so(as)far as 引導(dǎo)的范圍從句；except that 引導(dǎo)的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導(dǎo)的擇比從句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對(duì)于運(yùn)輸，好比血管對(duì)于人的身體。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會(huì)很高興去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他寧可沿街乞討，也不愿意用欺騙手段騙取錢。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個(gè)小的，而不愿要那個(gè)大的。）