第一篇：高英英語第二冊 名詞解釋

George Orwell was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair(1903-50), an English writer who at one time served with the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.Marrakech is a major city in the northwest African nation of Morocco.It is the fourth largest city in the country after Casablanca, Fes and Rabat, and is the capital of the mid-southwestern economic region of

Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz

Moorish: Moors, mixed Arabs and Berbers, and inhabitants of Morocco.They set up a Moorish empire from the end of the 8th century to the 12th century: by 12th century the empire included North Africa to the borders of Egypt, as well as Mohammedan Spain

Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, etc., a slum area

Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects.Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies.The Norman Conquest:In 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the English was defeated by French-speaking Normans under Duke William, who was crowned as King of England.the King's English supposedly correct or standard English(especially British English)as to grammar and

pronunciation: so called from the notion of royal sanction.When the ruling monarch is a queen, it is called “the Queen’s English

Utopia : is generally defined as a place of ideal perfection in all aspects of existence.All is good and no evil a perfect, ideal society, where people seem to live in a very perfect way of life.It’s ideal but impractical..the lost generation were applied to the disillusioned young intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only bydespair or a cynical hedonism

Beat Generation；appeared after WWII in the US.a term applied to a group of American artists and writers, esp.poets whose work became particularly popular in the late 1950s.Bohemianism：The practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, with few permanent ties, involving musical, artistic, or literary pursuits.In this context, Bohemians may be wanderers, adventurers, or vagabonds.Prohibition ：The forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes;specially in the U.S., the period(1920-1933)of prohibition by Federal Law.Puritan morality: extreme strictness in matters of morals.Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling punishable offences

Speakeasy:(Americanism): a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp.a place in the U．S．during Prohibition

flapper(Americanism): in the 1920s, a young woman considered to be bold and unconventional

drugstore cowboy(Americanism): a young man who hangs around drugstores and other public places trying to impress women

Bohemian: a person, esp.an artist, poet, unconventional in habits, dress, and sometimes in morals, material poverty because they prefer their art

The 1960s was a decade that began on 1 January 1960 and ended on 31 December 1969.The 1960s term also refers to an era more often called The Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends across the globe.This “cultural decade” is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 and ending around 1974.The purpose of a political speech：to persuade、to explain、to convince people : to accept his point of view, to accept what he says so as to support him

the Civil War between the Northern(Federal)States and Southern(Confederate)States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery

cynicism: a scornful or pessimisticattitude;a general distrust of the integrity of other people

Floral Heights referring to Floral Park on Long Island, a residential suburb of New York.It has a commercial flower industry

Notes：

Distressed Area: area where there is widespread unemployment, poverty, etc., a slum area

Foreign Legionnaires: France organized a foreign legion shortly after the conquest of Algiers in 1830, enlisting recruits who were not French subjects.Spain had a foreign legion, up till the revolution in Morocco, and Holland in the Dutch East Indies

The Washington Post: an influential and highly respected U.S.newspaper with a national distribution

musketeers of Dumas: characters created by the French novelist, Alexandre Dumas(1802--1870)in his novel The Three Musketeers

descendants of convicts: in 1788 a penal settlement was established at Botany Bay, Australia by Britain.British convicts, sentenced to long term imprisonment, were often transported to this penal settlement.Regular settlers arrived in Australia about 1829.Saxon churls: a farm laborer or peasant in early England;a term used pejoratively by the Norman conquerors to mean an ill-bred, ignorant English peasant

Norman conquerors: the Normans, under William I, Duke of Normandy(former territory of N.France)conquered

England after defeating Harold, the English king, at the Battle of Hastings(1066).Angevins and Plantagenets: names of ruling Norman dynasties in England(1154--1399), sprung from Geoffrey, Count of Anjou(former province of W.France)

Elizabethans: people, especially writers, of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England(1533--1603)Edward Morgan Forster(1879--1970), English author, one of the most important British novelists of the 20th century.Forster's fiction, conservative in form, is in the English tradition of the novel of manners.He explores the emotional and sensual deficiencies of the English middle class, developing his themes by means of irony, wit, and symbolism.Some of his well known novels are: Where Angels Fear to Tread;The Longest Journey;A Room with a View;Howard' s End;and A Passage to India.Paris Parlement: the “sovereign” or “superior” court of judicature under the ancien regime in France.It was later divided into several chambers.inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan.20.On this day every four years the newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States.The oath runs as follows: “I do solemnly swear(or affirm)that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

crash of the world economic structure: referring to the Great Depression in U.S.history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S.stock-market crash of 1929.The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe.Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt(1859-1919), 26th President of the United States(1901--09).He drew

considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor.After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy;and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War(1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba.It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U.S.expansionists.On May 7, a U.S.squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.National Guard: U.S.militia.In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances.In times of war or other emergencies, the National Guard is absorbed into the active service of the United States and the President is commander-in-chief.Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe.The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles.country club class: people rich enough to join the country clubs

Dutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecture

第二篇：英語高英翻譯

1.我是七月10日星期三早上出發(fā)的。(start out)I started out on the morning of Wednesday the 10th ,July.2.給我送來了她去世的消息。

The news of his death was brought to me.3.我對于我們應(yīng)該幫助他這一點(diǎn)毫不懷疑。(I had not the slightest doubt that)I had not the slightest doubt that we should help him.4.在這個(gè)場合我不知該說什么。

I don’t know what to say on this occasion.5.全部準(zhǔn)備好了，只剩下沏茶這項(xiàng)工作了。(there only remain the task of)

Everything is ready, there only remain the task of making tea.6.我叫人通知說今晚有個(gè)會議。7.總統(tǒng)將于今晚9時(shí)發(fā)表演說。8.不久他回來了。9.他從北京匆匆趕來。

10.他來到我的房間，帶來了詳細(xì)的消息。11.軍隊(duì)迅猛向前前進(jìn)。12.機(jī)場上停著許多飛機(jī)。13.所有的羊都被圍攏了。14.我用了一整天讀英文。15.我沒有征求她的意見。

16.在這個(gè)問題上我們的想法是一致的。17.白天他和我在一起。

18.這是他對這件事情經(jīng)過的記述。19.你可能對他感興趣。20.他指望得到我們的同情。

21.我們下定決心全力以赴贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭。22.我的態(tài)度也一樣。

23.晚飯時(shí)他又回到這個(gè)話題上。

24.我們只有一個(gè)目的，那就是摧毀希特勒。25.我要在會上替他說好話。26.早上我被電話吵醒。

27.我接到她的來信，大意是他不來了。28.他說過不論是什么事都不要吵醒他。29.晚飯時(shí)他也在座。30.我拖到8點(diǎn)才告訴他。31.演講稿在11點(diǎn)才寫好。

32.沒有人比我更加始終如一的反對戰(zhàn)爭。33.他擺脫了農(nóng)場的無休止的艱苦勞動。34.過去的這些錯誤從我記憶中消失了。35.他剛從北京來。

36.所有人都贊同這個(gè)決議。37.我們現(xiàn)在必須馬上離開。

38.沒有任何力量能使我們偏離目標(biāo)。

39.我們將在陸地上、將在海上、在空中同他們作戰(zhàn)。40.你將得到我們的幫助。

41.他這個(gè)人很好，但這些并不理所當(dāng)然的意味著他很聰明。42.我們將呼吁我們在世界各地的夢游采取同樣的政策。43.政府將奉行什么方針？

44.這是一場不分種族、信仰、黨派的所有人都參加的戰(zhàn)爭。45.你大錯特錯了。

46.我們決定把人類從他的暴政中拯救出來。47.這些國家聽人自己被各個(gè)擊破。

48.通過聯(lián)合行動她們本來可以拯救自己免遭這場災(zāi)難。49.他的貪欲驅(qū)使他進(jìn)行這場冒險(xiǎn)。

50.在他行動的背后有一個(gè)更深遠(yuǎn)的動機(jī)。51.他希望在冬季到來之前完成這一切。

第三篇：第二冊古代漢語名詞解釋

名詞解釋：

1.《詩經(jīng)》是我國最早的一部詩歌總集，收錄周代詩歌305篇，分為風(fēng)、雅、頌三類。風(fēng)：15個(gè)部分，合稱15國風(fēng)；雅：大雅，小雅，共105篇；頌：周頌，魯頌，商頌，共40篇。

2.韻母：指一個(gè)音節(jié)中除聲母以外其他音素的總和，包括韻頭。

韻：指主要元音和韻尾。

3.韻例：關(guān)于用韻的格律：什么地方用韻，什么地方不用韻和怎樣用韻。

4.陰聲韻：從母音收尾或者沒有韻尾的韻母。

陽聲韻：從鼻音收尾的韻母。

入聲韻：以輔音[-p],[-t],[-k]等為韻尾的韻母。

葉韻：有些韻字如讀古音，便與同詩其他韻腳不和，使攻讀其他音以協(xié)調(diào)聲韻。

5.三十六字母：中國傳統(tǒng)音韻學(xué)概念，表示中古聲母系統(tǒng)的36個(gè)代表字，唐末守溫和尚原定30字母，宋人又增6個(gè)而成36字母。36字母反映的是唐宋時(shí)代共同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的音聲母系統(tǒng)?！鶄€(gè)字母是：見溪群疑，端透定泥，知徹澄娘，幫滂并明，非敷奉微，精清從心邪，照穿床審禪，影曉匣喻，來日。至于上古聲母系統(tǒng)，據(jù)初步研究共有32個(gè)，拿36個(gè)字母來比較，有的要合并一些，有的要分出一些。

6.古無舌上音：指在上古聲母系統(tǒng)中設(shè)有“知、徹、澄”這組舌上音聲母，它們是從舌頭音“端[t],透[t],定[d]”這組聲母中分化出平韻。

7.古無輕舌音：指上古時(shí)期只有重唇音“幫”母，“謗”母，“并”母和“明”母，不存在輕唇音聲母“非，敷，奉，微”。

8.雙聲疊韻：指兩個(gè)字的韻相同，現(xiàn)代的韻母包括韻頭、韻腹、韻尾、聲調(diào)，而這里的“韻”與之有別：韻中要求韻腹、韻尾相同，而不區(qū)別韻頭。

雙聲疊韻詞大都用未描繪聲色形狀，古書注解常常用貌字來解釋。

9.古今通假：古代漢語書面語言里同音或音近的字的通用和假借。

10.注：東漢以后對經(jīng)典的注解。《文選注》→狹義；各種類型注解→廣義。

11.疏：在注的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步作注，既解釋正義也解釋前人注解。

12.正義：解釋經(jīng)傳而得其正義。

13.章句：離章析句，變曲支派。

14.集解：①選取各家注解中可取的地方，有時(shí)也會把自己的解釋加進(jìn)去；②為原書補(bǔ)充材料，或闡發(fā)原書思想。

第四篇：高電壓名詞解釋

熱游離：由氣體的熱狀態(tài)引起的游離過程。巴申定律：當(dāng)氣體和電極材料一定時(shí)，氣息的擊穿電壓是氣體的相對密度和氣隙D乘積的函數(shù)。

3自持放電：不需要外界游離因素，靠電場本身就能維持的放電。非自持放電：靠外界因素才能維持的放電。電暈放電：是極不均勻電場特有的一種自持放電形式.極性效應(yīng)：對于電極形狀不對稱的不均勻電場氣隙，如棒—板間隙，棒的極性不同時(shí)，間隙的起暈電壓和擊穿電壓各不相同，這種現(xiàn)象叫做極性效應(yīng)。統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)延：從電壓達(dá)到Uo的瞬時(shí)起到間隙中形成第一個(gè)有效電子為止的時(shí)間 8放電時(shí)延：從第一個(gè)有效電子的瞬時(shí)起到間隙完全被擊穿為止的時(shí)間。

9伏秒特性：對某一沖擊電壓波形，間隙的擊穿電壓和擊穿時(shí)間的關(guān)系為伏秒特性。50%沖擊放電電壓：指多次施加某一波形和峰值一定的沖擊電壓波形時(shí)，間隙被擊穿的概率為50%。

11累計(jì)效應(yīng)：極不均勻電場中，當(dāng)作用在固體介質(zhì)上的電壓為幅值較低或作用時(shí)間較短的沖擊電壓時(shí)，會在固體介質(zhì)中形成局部或不完全擊穿，這些不完全擊穿施加一次擊穿電壓就向前延伸一步隨著加壓次數(shù)增加介質(zhì)的擊穿電壓也隨之下降。

12耐壓試驗(yàn)：是指在絕緣上施加規(guī)定比工作電壓高得多的試驗(yàn)電壓，直接檢驗(yàn)絕緣的耐受情況。

破壞性試驗(yàn)：耐壓試驗(yàn)因所加的電壓較高，可能是絕緣受到損傷，絕緣存在嚴(yán)重缺陷時(shí)還可能使絕緣發(fā)生擊穿這類試驗(yàn)成為破壞性實(shí)驗(yàn)。

13非破壞性試驗(yàn)：絕緣特性試驗(yàn)因所加的電壓較低，不會對絕緣造成損傷，故稱為非破壞性試驗(yàn)。

14吸收比：是指被試品加壓60秒時(shí)的絕緣電阻R與加壓15秒的絕緣電阻R之比。15泄漏電流：被試品加較高直流電壓時(shí)，其上所流過的電流。

16電容效應(yīng)：因回路電流在漏抗上產(chǎn)生的電壓降落后被試品上的電壓方向相反，從而使被試品上的電壓的大小高于電源電壓的大小。

17地面落雷密度：指每個(gè)雷暴日每平方公里地面上的平均落雷次數(shù)。

18閥式避雷器的滅弧電壓：指保證避雷器能夠在工頻續(xù)流第一次過零值時(shí)滅弧的條件下，允許加在避雷器上的最高工頻電壓。

19閥式避雷器的保護(hù)比：指避雷器的殘壓與滅弧電壓之比。

氧化鋅避雷器的額定電壓：指避雷器兩端之間允許施加的最大工頻電壓有效值。20感應(yīng)雷過電壓：是由雷擊線路附近大地，由于電磁感應(yīng)在導(dǎo)線上產(chǎn)生的過電壓。21直擊雷過電壓：是指雷直接擊中塔桿，壁雷線或?qū)Ь€引起的過電壓。

22耐雷水平：雷擊線路時(shí)線路絕緣不發(fā)生閃絡(luò)的最大電流幅值。

23雷可以擊跳閘率：被用作一個(gè)綜合指標(biāo)來衡量輸電線路的防雷性能。

24建弧率：在線路沖擊閃絡(luò)的總次數(shù)中，可能轉(zhuǎn)為穩(wěn)定工頻電弧的比例。

25操作過電壓：所指的操作并非下移的開關(guān)倒閘操作，應(yīng)理解為電網(wǎng)參數(shù)的突變，它可以因倒閘操作，也可以因故障而引起。

26內(nèi)過電壓倍數(shù)：它的父值大小與電網(wǎng)額定電壓大致有一定比例關(guān)系，通常以系統(tǒng)的最高運(yùn)行相電壓幅值U為基準(zhǔn)來計(jì)算過電壓幅值的倍數(shù)K

27消弧線圈的補(bǔ)償度：電感電流補(bǔ)償電容電流的百分?jǐn)?shù)稱為消弧線圈的補(bǔ)償度。

第五篇：高英讀書筆記

A Tale of Two Cities

I bought the‘A Tale of Two Cities’ last summer holiday and then I just put it into my book collections and never tried to read it for the whole semester.Recently, I finished reading it---“A Tale of Two Cities” roughly.It is one of Dickens's most important representative works, but a tragic one, I think.Lost in the story, I felt like being together with the characters and the same exciting events.The story is set both in London and Paris at the time of the great French Revolution.It shows the causes of revolution and its effects on people's day-to-day life so impressively.The love story between Charles Darnay and Lucie Manette and their suffering experience is the tiny mirror that shows the real life of common people in France.“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way--in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative

degree of comparison only.”— A Tale of Two Cities , Dickens.We can easily admit that the writing talent of Dickens from this paragraph.The story begins like the above paragraph, and tells the chaotic setting.It augurs something uncommon is to happen.I appreciate this beginning very much.The beauty of language is expressed so successfully.The first time I read it, it arouses my interest at once.I really want to know what’s going on next.So it did not take me much time to read it over.Yes, it was the best of times and it was the worst of times, but for different people.For the King and aristocrats, they had a good time by taxing and ruling the people heavily and cruelly.As for the poor people, they had a miserable time.Even the land could not bare it and produced no good crops and thus people had nothing to hand over.What’s eviler was the aristocracy made their will as the law by using money and the power they have.There were no justice, no equality and no fairness, just like the following plot.It wrote in a period of darkness that a kind-hearted doctor was arrested and sent to the notorious prison Bastille because he delated the aristocrats, the Marquis St.Evremonde brothers for they killing a whole family only for an instant pleasure.How indifferent they are!Not until the revolution broke out and Bastille was captured that Dr.Manette was release.Then with broken heart, he and his daughter moved to England and got to know Charles Darnay there, with whom Lucie felt deeply in love.And Sydney

Carton, a young man who adored Lucie very much, was ready to die for her anywhere anytime.Eventually, he took Charles’s place to be arrested and died for love.It seemed kind of tragic.Although the King and many other aristocrats were sent to death, the situation had not been changed to much better.Because people at that time were out of their minds and they wanted to take revenge as much as possible.Once they belonged to the lowest class and suffered a lot.As the revolution happened, they’ve been changed into people that were full of evil in their hearts.I guess it is the hatred that ruled over their minds.So at the same time the prisoners were set free from Bastille, even more people were put into it, even though they did nothing guilty.At last, for the reason Charles was the son of the marquis, Charles was arrested.But Sydney Carton, a selfless man who wanted to do good for the couple, disguised as Charles and died for him.What a noble man he was!Although he died at last, he lasted forever in my heart.The novel has portrayed many different people.Doctor Manette is honest and kind but suffers the persecution actually.Lucie is beautiful and gentle.Charles is graceful and noble.Lorry is upright and honest.Sydney is semblance of indifferent, innermost feelings of warm.He is unconventional but also selfless and lofty.Miss Pross is straightforward and loyal.Evremonde brothers are cruel and sinister……The complex hatred is hard to solve，the cruel revenge has made more hatreds，loves

rebirth in the hell edge，but take the life as the price.All I saw there were two people died, having a tragic ending.Miss Pross was one of those women who thought nothing of their own needs and who, through pure love and admiration, are ready to make themselves slaves to youth when they have lost it, to beauty which they have never had, and to bright hopes that have never shone upon their own dark lives.As Mr.Lorry said, “there is nothing better in the world than the honest service of the heart”.Since Miss Pross had become like a mother to Lucie and would have given her life for her, she would do everything she could to keep Madame Defarge in the house so that the carriage carrying Lucie could run farther.Madame Defarge was a woman with a very keen eye, a strong face and a great calmness of manner.When the French Revolution broke out, it was her who led the woman and cut off the head of the governor of the prison.She had a strong, fearless and a kind of beauty that called attention to her qualities.Having grown up with a deep sense of wrong and a powerful hatred of the aristocracy, to her, Darnay's family must be destroyed, and the wife and child must follow the ending of the father, just like what she suffered when she was a child.Both were determined woman in their different ways.Hatred had made the heart of the Frenchwoman harder;love now filed the Englishwoman's with courage.It's very interesting to see that each

woman spoke in her own language and neither understood a word of what the other said while each knew well the other's intention.As a result of the combat, Madame Defarge died lying on ground and Miss Pross could hear nothing for the rest of her life.That's one tragedy in my heart.‘I see that I hold a sanctuary in their hearts, and in the hearts of their descendants, generations hence.I see her, an old woman, weeping for me on the anniversary of this day.I see her and her husband, their course done, lying side by side in their last earthly bed, and I know that each was not more honored and held sacred in the other's soul, than I was in the souls of both.’

`I see that child who lay upon her bosom and who bore my name, a man winning his way up in that path of life which once was mine.I see him winning it so well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of his.I see the blots I threw upon it, faded away.I see him, foremost of just judges and honored men, bringing a boy of my name, with a forehead that I know and golden hair, to this place--then fair to look upon, with not a trace of this day's disfigurement--and I hear him tell the child my story, with a tender and a faltering voice.’

`It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done;it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.'

I was heavyhearted when reading what Sydney Carton said before he

died and I burst into tears finally.In such a background, sacrifice and blood was inevitable.However, blood could not wash away hatred, let alone took place of true love.The ending tells us to conquer evil with love.Equality and fairness were what people seek, which led to the French Revolution.As a consequence, neither equality nor fairness got after the revolution, and that's another tragedy of the history.