第一篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè) Unit 10 Profits of Praise
Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems we are.Unit Ten Profits of Praise
It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant.My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached.The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier.Weary and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right.As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip.“Well done,” he said.“You've looked after us really well.”
Suddenly my tiredness vanished.I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I'd liked my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit;we cannot flower and grow without it.And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.Why“beautiful”even housewives.Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”? Hardly anybody does.That's why housework is considered such a dreary grind.Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers;but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors.Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still, we're not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule.One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling.“Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted.Susanna looked at me quizzically.“Of course we can,” she said.“But you don't notice us when we do.”
Teachers agree about the value of praise.One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.“I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual
standard,” writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”
Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days.One group was consistently praised for its previous performance;another group was criticized;the third was ignored.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.Those who were criticized improved also, bus not so much.And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all.Interestingly the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effortand yet consider the results it may produce.“I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain.So, let's be alert to the small excellences around us-and comment on them.We will not only bring joy into other people's lives, but also, very often, added happiness into out own.
第二篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)英語翻譯整理
1.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對(duì)那個(gè)美國人威嚴(yán)的語氣感到有點(diǎn)意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長大成熟，不再害怕獨(dú)自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.當(dāng)全部乘客都向出口處(exit)走去時(shí)，他卻獨(dú)自留在座位上，好像不愿意離開這架飛機(jī)似的。While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想?yún)⒓愚q論，但靦腆得不敢開口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.獵人一看見有只狐貍從樹叢中出現(xiàn)并向他設(shè)下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，臉上頓時(shí)閃出了興奮的表情。The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.1)會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學(xué)家通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址(location)這一問題上持有不同意見。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我們產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)步提高在很大程度上是由于設(shè)備有所改進(jìn)。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判斷行事，但他沒有這樣做，因?yàn)樽鳛檐娙怂梅拿睢?/p>
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果讓我來決定我們是要一個(gè)沒有自行車的城市呢，還是要一個(gè)沒有汽車的城市，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱
職而被解雇了。
2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營這家書店。
3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來提出異議。
4.Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.比爾已向哈佛大學(xué)申請(qǐng)助教職位，但他得到它的可能性很小。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。
6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒人住了。
7.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就業(yè)余愛好而言，珍妮和她妹妹幾乎沒有什么共同之處。8.It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家的未來是至關(guān)重要的。
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)給我留下了很深印象，但我對(duì)他那些深?yuàn)W的理論絲毫不感興趣。I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千萬別說可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，這個(gè)復(fù)雜問題使他們感到灰心喪氣，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)思考后他們終于研究出了解決辦法。At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)體育代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長在少先隊(duì)員向他獻(xiàn)上一束鮮花時(shí)愉快地笑了。The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)這學(xué)期我們都學(xué)習(xí)得不錯(cuò)，我真不明白為什么我們的英語老師單單表揚(yáng)了班長一個(gè)人。
I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比較高級(jí)的|(higher)|動(dòng)物是由比較低級(jí)的|（lower）|動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來|（develop from）|的這一學(xué)說。I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.1)如果富有的國家多花些錢搞綠色工業(yè)，而不是去建立軍事機(jī)器和制造核武器，當(dāng)今許多廣泛存在的污染問題將會(huì)逐漸消失。
If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.2)燒煤的時(shí)候，不僅消耗房子里面的氧氣，而且還散發(fā)出有毒的氣體。
The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.3)顯然，找到替代能源對(duì)我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。
Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.4)太陽能電池（solar cell）能吸收陽光并把它變成電。Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.5)如果地球上的溫度繼續(xù)年復(fù)一年地上升，極地的冰帽將會(huì)開始融化，沿海城市中一半的建筑物很可能會(huì)消失在劈啪飛濺的海浪下面。
If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.6)因?yàn)檫@些生物很小并且常常躲在葉子茂密的植物下面，肉眼并不都可以看見。
Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.7)由于受到原子輻射，他最終在工作時(shí)倒下了。
As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.8)有明顯的證據(jù)表明工作上的重壓與身體的某些毛病有聯(lián)系。
There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.1)只要你不斷努力，你遲早會(huì)解決這個(gè)難題的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我們預(yù)料我們的計(jì)劃會(huì)受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友說，他們那個(gè)城市的噪音污染十分嚴(yán)重，但是他們只好忍著。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)湯姆起初認(rèn)為，憑他的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙(delicate)問題是明智的。It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開那臺(tái)機(jī)器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否認(rèn)為公共汽車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)完全的責(zé)任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?
8)你不必再去多想那些判斷上的失誤了。重要的是盡量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.
第三篇：翻譯答案大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)
Unit1 1.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對(duì)那個(gè)美國人威嚴(yán)的語氣感到有點(diǎn)意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長大成熟，不再害怕獨(dú)自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.當(dāng)全部乘客都向出口處(exit)走去時(shí)，他卻獨(dú)自留在座位上，好像不愿意離開這架飛機(jī)似的。
While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想?yún)⒓愚q論，但靦腆得不敢開口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.獵人一看見有只狐貍從樹叢中出現(xiàn)并向他設(shè)下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，臉上頓時(shí)閃出了興奮的表情。
The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.Unit2 1)會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來制定新章程。
It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學(xué)家通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址(location)這一問題上持有不同意見。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我們產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)步提高在很大程度上是由于設(shè)備有所改進(jìn)。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判斷行事，但他沒有這樣做，因?yàn)樽鳛檐娙怂梅拿睢?/p>
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果讓我來決定我們是要一個(gè)沒有自行車的城市呢，還是要一個(gè)沒有汽車的城市，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.Unit3
1)她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。
She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.2)很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營這家書店。
It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.3)這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來提出異議。
No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.4)比爾已向哈佛大學(xué)申請(qǐng)助教職位，但他得到它的可能性很小。
Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.5)由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。
Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.6)這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒人住了。
The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.7)就業(yè)余愛好而言，珍妮和她妹妹幾乎沒有什么共同之處。
As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.8)不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家的未來是至關(guān)重要的。
It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.Unit4
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。
The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)給我留下了很深印象，但我對(duì)他那些深?yuàn)W的理論絲毫不感興趣。
I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千萬別說可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。
Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，這個(gè)復(fù)雜問題使他們感到灰心喪氣，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)思考后他們終于研究出了解決辦法。
At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)體育代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長在少先隊(duì)員向他獻(xiàn)上一束鮮花時(shí)愉快地笑了。
The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)這學(xué)期我們都學(xué)習(xí)得不錯(cuò)，我真不明白為什么我們的英語老師單單表揚(yáng)了班長一個(gè)人。I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比較高級(jí)的|(higher)|動(dòng)物是由比較低級(jí)的（|lower）|動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來（|develop from）的這一學(xué)說。
I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.Unit6 1)只要你不斷努力，你遲早會(huì)解決這個(gè)難題的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我們預(yù)料我們的計(jì)劃會(huì)受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友說，他們那個(gè)城市的噪音污染十分嚴(yán)重，但是他們只好忍著。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)湯姆起初認(rèn)為，憑他的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙(delicate)問題是明智的。
It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開那臺(tái)機(jī)器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否認(rèn)為公共汽車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)完全的責(zé)任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety? 8)你不必再去多想那些判斷上的失誤了。重要的是盡量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them
Unit8 1)巨額投資(investment)使這一地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)得以迅速發(fā)展。
Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.2)他們?yōu)樾陆ㄒ凰t(yī)院開展了一場(chǎng)籌款運(yùn)動(dòng)。
They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.3)成功在于勤奮(diligence)，諾蘭醫(yī)生就是一個(gè)很好的例證。Success lies in diligence.Dr.Nolen is a case in point.4)他們都具有很高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，決不會(huì)受誘惑接受如此貴重的禮品。
Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.5)有跡象表明，不少工廠正面臨著十分困難的局面。
There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.6)警方找到誰是罪犯的重要線索后，在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就以武裝搶劫罪拘捕了他。
The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity.7)調(diào)查顯示，對(duì)某些人來說，退休往往會(huì)造成心理上的病痛。
Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.8)醫(yī)療隊(duì)并沒有一味抱怨當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院較差的工作條件。比如，好幾位醫(yī)生就曾用自己的錢購置了簡(jiǎn)單的醫(yī)療器械。
The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital.For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money
Unit9 1)一切都表明他的計(jì)劃出了毛病。
Everything points to the fact / indicates that something has gone wrong with his project / plan.2)作者認(rèn)為，我們不應(yīng)想當(dāng)然地以為那些智力測(cè)驗(yàn)得分高的人在實(shí)際工作中就一定能干得好。
The author argues that we should not take it for granted that those who score high on intelligence tests will naturally do well in practical work.3)我挑出幾條英語習(xí)語（idiom），考了一下我的同班同學(xué)。I picked out some English idioms and tried them on my classmates.4)三位教授被請(qǐng)來對(duì)新教員設(shè)計(jì)的教案作出評(píng)估。
Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.5)這對(duì)我們來說是個(gè)很小的損失，不要大驚小怪。
It is a very small loss to / for us.Don't make such a fuss over it.6)他比任何對(duì)手的得分都高得多，證明他不愧為一個(gè)勝利者。
He scored far more points / much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner.7)這兩只動(dòng)物外貌很相似，但它們屬于不同的種類。
The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.8)我并不確切知道他申請(qǐng)的貸款（loan）銀行是否會(huì)給他。
I don't know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.
第四篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)u(píng)1-3翻譯
Unit1 The Dinner Party 關(guān)于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一場(chǎng)激烈爭(zhēng)論以一種頗為出人意料的方式解決了。
晚宴 莫娜·加德納
我最初聽到這個(gè)故事是在印度，那兒的人們今天講起它來仍好像確有其事似的——盡管任何一位博物學(xué)家都知道這不可能是真的。后來有人告訴我，在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之前不久，一家雜志曾刊登過這個(gè)故事。但登在雜志上的那篇故事以及寫那篇故事的人，我卻一直未能找到。
故事發(fā)生在印度。某殖民地官員和他的夫人正舉行盛大的晚宴。筵席設(shè)在他們家寬敞的餐室里，室內(nèi)大理石地板上沒有鋪地毯；屋頂明椽裸露；寬大的玻璃門外便是走廊。跟他們一起就坐的客人有軍官和他們的夫人，另外還有一位來訪的美國博物學(xué)家。
席間，一位年輕的女士同一位少校展開了熱烈的討論。年輕的女士認(rèn)為，婦女已經(jīng)有所進(jìn)步，不再像過去那樣一見到老鼠就嚇得跳到椅子上；少校則不以為然。
他說：“一遇到危急情況，女人的反應(yīng)便是尖叫。而男人雖然也可能想叫，但比起女人來，自制力卻略勝一籌。這多出來的一點(diǎn)自制力正是真正起作用的東西?！?/p>
那個(gè)美國人沒有參加這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，他只是注視著在座的其他客人。在他這樣觀察時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人的臉上顯出一種奇異的表情。她兩眼盯著正前方，臉部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了個(gè)手勢(shì)，對(duì)他耳語了幾句。男仆兩眼睜得大大的，迅速地離開了餐室。
在座的客人中除了那位美國人以外誰也沒注意到這一幕，也沒有看到那個(gè)男仆把一碗牛奶放在緊靠門邊的走廊上。
那個(gè)美國人突然醒悟過來。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一個(gè)意思——引蛇的誘餌。他意識(shí)到餐室里一定有條眼鏡蛇。他抬頭看了看屋頂上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空蕩蕩的。室內(nèi)的三個(gè)角落里也是空的，而在第四個(gè)角落里，仆人們正在等著上下一道菜。這樣，剩下的就只有一個(gè)地方了——餐桌下面。
他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人發(fā)出警告。但他知道這樣會(huì)引起騷亂，致使眼鏡蛇受驚咬人。于是他很快講了一通話，其語氣非常威嚴(yán)，竟使得所有的人都安靜了下來。
“我想了解一下在座的諸位到底有多大的克制能力，我數(shù)三百下——也就是五分鐘——你們誰都不許動(dòng)一動(dòng)。動(dòng)者將罰款五十盧比。準(zhǔn)備好！” 在他數(shù)數(shù)的過程中，那二十個(gè)人都像一尊尊石雕一樣端坐在那兒。當(dāng)他數(shù)到 “??二百八十??”時(shí)，突然從眼角處看到那條眼鏡蛇鉆了出來，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起來把通往走廊的門全都砰砰地牢牢關(guān)上時(shí)，室內(nèi)響起了一片尖叫聲。
“你剛才說得很對(duì)，少校！” 男主人大聲說?！耙粋€(gè)男子剛剛為我們顯示了從容不迫、鎮(zhèn)定自若的范例?！?/p>
“且慢，” 那位美國人一邊說著一邊轉(zhuǎn)向女主人?！皽仄澨阍趺粗滥菞l眼鏡蛇是在屋子里呢？”
女主人臉上閃出一絲淡淡的微笑，回答說：“因?yàn)樗?dāng)時(shí)正從我的腳背上爬過去?！?/p>
Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson 杰斐遜已謝世很久，但他的許多思想仍使我們很感興趣。
杰斐遜的遺訓(xùn) 布魯斯·布利文
美國第三任總統(tǒng)托馬斯·杰斐遜也許不像喬治·華盛頓和亞伯拉罕·林肯那樣著名，但大多數(shù)人至少記得有關(guān)他的一件事實(shí)：是他寫的《獨(dú)立宣言》。雖然杰斐遜生活在二百多年以前，但我們今天仍可以從他身上學(xué)到很多東西。他的許多思想對(duì)當(dāng)代青年來說特別有意義。下面就是他講過和寫過的一些觀點(diǎn)：
自己去看。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，一個(gè)自由的人除了從書本中獲取知識(shí)外，還可以從許多別的來源獲得知識(shí)；他認(rèn)為，親自做調(diào)查是很重要的。在他還很年輕的時(shí)候，他就被任命為一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員，去調(diào)查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否足以通行大型船只。委員會(huì)的其他成員都坐在州議會(huì)大廈內(nèi)研究有關(guān)這一問題的文件，而杰斐遜卻跳進(jìn)一只獨(dú)木舟去做現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)。
你可以向任何人學(xué)習(xí)。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐遜均屬于最高的社會(huì)階層。然而，在那個(gè)貴人們除了發(fā)號(hào)施令以外很少跟出身卑賤的人說話的年代，杰斐遜卻常破例跟園丁、仆人和侍者交談。有一次杰斐遜曾這樣對(duì)法國貴族拉斐特說過：“你必須像我那樣到平民百姓的家里去，看看他們的鍋里煮些什么，吃吃他們的面包。只要你肯這樣做，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什么會(huì)不滿意，你就會(huì)理解正在威脅著法國的革命?！?/p>
自己作判斷。未經(jīng)過認(rèn)真的思考，杰斐遜絕不接受別人的意見。他在給侄子的信中寫道：“不要因?yàn)閯e的人相信或拒絕了什么東西，你也就去相信它或拒絕它。上帝賜予你一個(gè)用來判斷真理和謬誤的頭腦。那你就運(yùn)用它吧?！?杰斐遜覺得，人民“是完全可以信賴的，應(yīng)該讓他們聽到一切真實(shí)和虛偽的東西，然后作出正確的判斷。倘使讓我來決定，我們是應(yīng)該有一個(gè)政府而不要報(bào)紙呢還是應(yīng)該有報(bào)紙而不要政府，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者?！?/p>
做你認(rèn)為是正確的事。在一個(gè)自由的國家里總會(huì)有各種相互沖突的思想，而這正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。雖然有好多年杰斐遜一直受到激烈的批評(píng)，但他從不回應(yīng)那些批評(píng)他的人。他在寫給一位朋友的信中表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)：“每個(gè)問題都有兩面。如果你堅(jiān)決站在一面并根據(jù)它有效地采取行動(dòng)，那么，站在另一面的那些人當(dāng)然會(huì)對(duì)你的行動(dòng)怨恨不滿。” 相信未來，相信青年。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，絕不可以用那些已經(jīng)無用的習(xí)俗來束縛住“現(xiàn)在”的手腳。他說：“沒有哪個(gè)社會(huì)可以制訂一部永遠(yuǎn)適用的憲法，甚至連一條永遠(yuǎn)適用的法律也制訂不出來。地球是屬于活著的一代的。”他不害怕新思想，也不懼怕未來。他評(píng)論說：“有多少痛苦是由一些從未發(fā)生過的災(zāi)難引起的??！我期待的是最好的東西，而不是最壞的東西。我滿懷希望地駕駛著自己的航船，而把恐懼拋在后面?！?/p>
杰斐遜的勇氣和理想主義是以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的。他懂得的東西也許比同時(shí)代的任何人都要多。在農(nóng)業(yè)、考古學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)方面他都是專家。在人們普遍采用農(nóng)作物輪作和土壤保持的做法之前一個(gè)世紀(jì)，他就這樣做了。他還發(fā)明了一種比當(dāng)時(shí)任何一種都好的耕犁。他影響了整個(gè)美國的建筑業(yè)，他還不斷地制造出各種機(jī)械裝置，使日常生活中需要做的許多工作變得更加容易。
在杰斐遜的眾多才能中，有一種是最主要的：他首先是一位優(yōu)秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前正在第一次出版的他的全集將超過五十卷。他作為一個(gè)作家的才能很快便被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，所以，當(dāng)1776年在費(fèi)城要撰寫《獨(dú)立宣言》的時(shí)刻來到時(shí)，這一任務(wù)便落在了他肩上。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們讀到他寫的下列詞句都激動(dòng)不已：“我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生來就是平等的??”
1826年7月4日，正值美國獨(dú)立五十周年紀(jì)念日之際，杰斐遜與世長辭了。他給他的同胞留下了一份豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)和眾多的榜樣。托馬斯·杰斐遜對(duì)美國的教育事業(yè)作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，他認(rèn)為，只有受過教育的人民組成的國家才能保持自由。
Unit3 My First Job 為了想在進(jìn)大學(xué)前賺些錢，作者申請(qǐng)了一份教職。但面試情況卻越來越糟??
我的第一份工作 羅伯特·貝斯特
在我等著進(jìn)大學(xué)期間，我在一份地方報(bào)紙上看到一則廣告，說是在離我住處大約十英里的倫敦某郊區(qū)，有所學(xué)校要招聘一名教師。我因?yàn)槭诸^很拮據(jù)，同時(shí)也想做點(diǎn)有用的事，于是便提出了申請(qǐng)，但在提出申請(qǐng)的同時(shí)我也擔(dān)心，自己一無學(xué)位，二無教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
然而，三天之后，卻來了一封信，叫我到克羅伊登去面試。這一路去那兒原來還真麻煩：先乘火車到克羅伊頓車站，再乘十分鐘的公共汽車，然后還要至少步行四分之一英里。結(jié)果，我在六月一個(gè)炎熱的上午到了那兒，因?yàn)樾那榉浅＞趩?，竟不感到緊張了。
學(xué)校是一座裝著大窗戶的紅磚房子。前庭園是個(gè)鋪著沙礫的正方形：四個(gè)角上各有一叢冬青灌木，它們經(jīng)受著從繁忙的大街上吹來的塵煙，掙扎著活下去。開門的顯然是校長本人。他又矮又胖，留著沙色的小胡子，前額上布滿皺紋，頭發(fā)差不多已經(jīng)禿光。
他帶著一種吃驚的、不以為然的神態(tài)看著我，就像一位上?？粗幻麤]系好靴帶的二等兵一樣。“哦，”他咕噥著說，“你最好到里面來?！蹦仟M窄的、不見陽光的走廊里散發(fā)出一股腐爛的卷心菜味，聞上去很不舒服；墻上墨跡斑斑，顯得很臟；周圍一片靜寂。根據(jù)地毯上的面包屑來判斷，他的書房也是他的餐室?！澳阕詈米拢彼f，接著便問了我許多問題：為了得到普通學(xué)校證書我學(xué)過哪些課程；我多大歲數(shù)了；我會(huì)玩些什么游戲；問到這里他突然用他那雙充滿血絲的眼睛盯住我，問我是否認(rèn)為游戲是兒童教育的一個(gè)極為重要的組成部分。我含含糊糊地說了些不必太重視游戲之類的話。他咕噥了幾句。我說了錯(cuò)話。我和校長顯然沒有多少共同語言。
他說，學(xué)校只有一個(gè)班，二十四名男生，年齡從七歲到十三歲不等，除了美術(shù)課他親自教以外，其余所有的課程都得由我來教。星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公園去踢足球，打板球。
整個(gè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃把我嚇壞了。我得把全班學(xué)生分成三個(gè)組，按三種不同的程度輪流給他們上課；想到要教代數(shù)和幾何這兩門我在讀書時(shí)學(xué)得極差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也許是星期六下午打板球的安排，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)候我的朋友大都會(huì)在悠閑地自得其樂。
我怯生生地問：“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二磅外加中飯?！边€沒等我來得及提出異議，他已經(jīng)站了起來。“好了，”他說，“你最好見見我的妻子。她才是這所學(xué)校真正的主管人。”
我再也無法忍受了。我當(dāng)時(shí)很年輕：在一個(gè)女人手下工作的前景構(gòu)成了最大的侮辱。
第五篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第三版第二冊(cè)U4教案
Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo Teaching Time: 8 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.Teaching Objectives: 1.Make students have an idea about the Einstein’s unusual personality whether as a scientist or as an average man.1).Analyze the personal characteristics of Einstein.2).Understand the way of life of Einstein.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: ambition, application, approach, argue, bewilder, capable, correspond, display, exclusively, mainly, fortune, function, immune, impress, modest, observe, present, profound, pursue, puzzle, relatively, series
Phrases & Expressions: at ease, off balance, come to terms with, as far as, mean nothing to, believe in, so much so that, a series of, take apart, work out, capable of, single out Grammar: be made to, that clause 3.About the reading, Ss should acquire the skill—reading beyond lines.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —writing in logical order.5.About the listening, Ss finish Unit 4 directed by the teacher.Teaching Procedures: I.Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information: Einstein & his achievements Introductory remarks: Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time.His ideas and theories have, directly or indirectly, influenced many areas of the modern world ——science, art, and philosophy.In spite of his great achievements and fame, he always remained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easy to get along with;he lived a plain life and had simple habits, caring very little for material well-being.And the text The Professor and the Yo-Yo, whose author is the son of a close friend of Einstein’s, sheds more light on Einstein’s personality both as a scientist and as a man.2.Key words and expressions: 1).modest: a.having, showing, not a too high opinion of one’s merits, abilities, etc.For example: Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.b.moderate;not large in size or amount-For example: The police came to suspect the man who lived a luxurious life on a modest income.2).balance: Useful phrases: keep one's balance;lose one s balance: be in balance;be out of balance;off balance.Special attention: “in the balance”, means 'undecided'.For example: Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows.3)impress:
a)have a strong effect on the mind or feeling of.For example: I was deeply impressed by the scenery there.He impressed me as a modest scholar.My parents impress on me the importance of honesty time and again.b)fix(sth.)deeply or firmly on the mind or memory E.g.His words were strongly impressed on my memory.4)immune:
be immune to: be free from or unaffected by.For example: Vaccination makes people immune to smallpox.It seems to me that few people are immune to vanity or jealousy.5)exclusively:
only;completely.For example: Eton college is an exclusively male public school in Britain.The report is written exclusively for the country's top leaders.6).pursue: v.a)follow, go on steadily with(study or other activity)E.g.He consistently pursued his task no matter how bad the situation was.b)follow in order to catch or do harm to E.g.The policeman pursued the thief.c)
vt.a)cause(sb.)to have feeling of annoyed, upset disappointment E.g.Staying at home all day frustrated her because she had been a brilliant scientist before her marriage.b)make(plan, effort etc)useless, defeat E.g.The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.10)bitter :
adj.a)filled with anger or hatred E.g.You shouldn't have said those bitter remarks about him.b)having a sharp unpleasant taste, causing sorry E.g.They have learned a bitter lesson in the accident.c)
with ease;E.g.The teacher has a good way to put his nervous students at ease.The doctor soon made the worried patient at ease.He solved the problem with ease.15).come to terms with:
accept(sth.usually disagreeable)as it is;reach an agreement with.It has taken me a long time to come to terms with the fact that I’ll never be a good writer.It seems that the two sides will never come to terms(with each other).We have come to terms with them that the meeting will be delayed until next month.Later she had to come to terms with the difficult situation.16)as far as:
to the extent that.For example: As far as I know he will be away for three months.He will help you as far as he can.17)so much so that: to such an extent that;so that… For example: He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamed about it.I was worn out, so much so that I thought I would never recover.18)single out:
separate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice.All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled out for praise.It is an honour for him to have been singled out to represent the school at the celebration ceremony.20)point out :
draw attention to, explain E.g.It was pointed out to us that it was getting very late.21)off balance
a)not in balance, not bale to keep from turning over or falling E.g.Don't rock the boat, you will throw it off balance and get it turned over.b)
exchange letters with E.g.Will you correspond with me while I am away? 24)mean nothing / every thing to : be of no / great importance or value to E.g.Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything.25)revert to : go back to E.g.My thought reverted to my childhood days.26)take apart : separate sth.into parts E.g.The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.Ⅱ.While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text(10 mins)2.T explains the text in detail.Lines 1--9 1.Language Points
…I display my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance.= …I showed of my skills of handling the Yo-yo and explained to him that the toy had turned over instead of rolling up the string because it had not been looped in a proper way.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What do you think are some of the way to make a shy young visitor feel at ease?---Being friendly and hospitable, offering sth.to play with, choosing a topic he or she is interested in, telling a joke, offering him or her chance to show off, etc.(2)From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was?---He was kind, considerate, interested in children.(3)How do you understand Einstein's nodding?---He was not upset about the fact that the young man pointed out his wrong way of playing, He was modest and easy to get along with.(4)Do you think that daily matter show a person's character? Lines 10--16 1.Language Points the personality that was Einstein = the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.a)
the military genius that was Napoleon He was the only person O knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him.= Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.= He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual capabilities were.He was content to go as far as he could.= He was satisfied with what he could achieve and would desire nothing beyond his reach.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know how personality is formed?---It depends on many factors, e.g.genetic background, education, living surroundings, influential persons, etc.(2)What does “ he had come to terms with the would around him” mean?---He accepted the world as it was and didn't fight against things he couldn't change.(3)What does “be content to go as far as one could ” mean?---Work hard and go as far as one can, be satisfied with what one could achieve.This is a philosophy of life.Lines 17--21 1.Language Points He was beyond any pretension.= He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know why he was free from these emotions?---He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.He was interested only in his work, and not in these worldly distractions.(2)How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off.He used inexpensive stationary to write to people of high rank, without feeling ashamed.Lines 22--34 1.Language Points Material things meant nothing to him.= Material things were of no important to him.The razor and water do the job.= The razor and water will do.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do material things mean nothing to you? What's your point of view?---Material things include necessities of life.In this sense, they mean much to most human beings.They also depend on people's concept of value as we discussed earlier.(2)What does it mean when a person shrugs?---It may mean “I don't care”, “It doesn't matter”.“I don't believe”, “I can't do it”, “I won't do it” and so on.(3)Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream?---He accepted the tube of cream as a gift and used it, but wouldn't go out and buy one for himself.Lines 35--52 1.Language Points He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application… a)not…the slightest : not…any;no E.g.He didn't feel the slightest pain when the needle went into hie wrist....that's not it.= That's not right./ That's not what is expected.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here?---He wanted to know things by reasoning.He believed and was interested only in theory and he refused to take short cuts.(2)What do you think of the example?---He was sort of stubborn, impractical, odd, unique and true to his ideas.Lines 53--61 1.Language Points His name was a household world.= His name was well-known to everyone.2.Questions for Discussion(1)His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word?---The significance of a theory lies in its real value.Although average people didn't understand his theories, they owed many useful things to his contributions, such as TV.His ideas were put to practical uses.Above all, his ideas created a revolution in science that excited even people who were not scientists.(2)How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people's admiration?---He was very modest.He regarded himself as an ordinary man.He thought he had done no more than many other men.Language Points: make sb.feel at ease;when my turn came;throw sth.off balance.Questions: a.From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was? b.How do you understand Einstein's nodding? Paragraph Two: Language Points: a.the personality that was Einstein: the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.b.He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him: Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.c.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach: He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he could ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual abilities were.Questions: a.What does 4% he had come to terms with himself and the world around him“ mean? b.What does ”be content to go as far as one could^ mean?(be satisfied with what one could achieve-)Paragraph Three: Language Point: He was beyond any pretension: He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.Questions: a.Why he was free from these emotions? b.How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off? Paragraph Four, Five and Six: Language Points: a.Material things meant nothing to him: material things are of no importance to him.b.finally: at last For example: The detective finally tracked down the suspect.c.present sb.with sth.;a tube of(cream, toothpaste, etc.)d.revert to : go back to(a former condition or habit).For example: The stress lie felt made him revert to the old habit of smoking.Questions: a.Do material things mean nothing to you? What’s your point of view? b.Why did Einstein shrug? What does it mean when a person shrug? c.Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream? Paragraph Seven, Eight and Nine: Language Points: a.E=mc2: Einstein’s special theory of relativity proposes，among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light;that mass appears to increase with speed;that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases;and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable.The last point was expressed in the famous formula E=mc2(energy equals mass times the square of speed of light)and was later proved by atomic fission.b.have curiosity in doing sth.c.take apart: separate(sth.)into parts.For example: Nick took apart the dock and spread the bits all over the carpet.d.work out: solve;find the answer to.For example: John worked out the math problems all by himself.Questions: a.What did Einstein think of his photoelectric theory? Did it prove to be of any practical value? b.What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here? c.From this example, what kind of people was Einstein?(He was sort of stubborn，impractical，odd, unique and true to his ideas.)Paragraph Ten: Language Points: a.profound: deep;needing much thought or study to understand.For example: Philosophy is profound and beyond the reach of ordinary people.b.capable of: having the ability or power for: for example: He is capable of doing such a difficult job.Some airplanes are capable of going beyond 1,000 miles an hour.c.a household word: word known far and wide.Questions: a.His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word? b.How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people’s admiration? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text(10 mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text(5 mins)Ⅲ.Summary Questions and Concluding Remarks Summary Questions 1.What do you think of Einstein? Can you tell why he is so respected?---He was one of the greatest scientists in history.He created a revolution in science.2.Can you sum up his personality and life style?---(1)Einstein was a modest man.a)When the boy pointed out his mistake in playing with the toy Yo-yo, he nodded.b)When he received great attention, he thought he was fortunate rather than deserving.---(2)He was a man without personal ambition.a)He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.b)He wanted only to understand the universe within his intellectual reach.c)He was content to go as far as he could.d)He was never seen to show personal ambition.e)He cared little for fame.---(3)He believed in simplicity.a)He used inexpensive stationary to correspond with the world most important people.b)He used only a safety razor and water to shave.---(4)He was purely and exclusively a theorist.a)He wouldn't walk down a street to se a reactor create atomic energy.b)He didn't have the slightest interest in observing how his theory made TV possible.c)He would rather give up than use a practical approach to discover the operating principle of the toy bird.Concluding Remarks---As a scientist, Einstein was so great, so extraordinary and distinguished but as a man, he was modest, simple and ordinary.After studying the text, we can learn a lot from him both as a scientist and as a man..Ⅳ.Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which arc related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.
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