第一篇：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)作業(yè)

城市與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院地理科學(xué)專業(yè)2班曹文花學(xué)號(hào)：2011210064

SummaryPopulations and ways of sustaining them are not in balance, and the trend is toward greater imbalance rather than equilibrium.Malthusian think the population is increasing in a geometrical rate ,while substance increases in a arithmetical rate.Nature will reestablish a balance between resources and population numbers.Malthus wrote from the standpoint of the propertied class.He had a low opinion of the “l(fā)ower classes”, and his essay is full of expressions of disdain and opprobium toward the poor.Some of Malthus’s hypothesis is correct ,some are still remained teste.However, Ester Boserup argued that population determines agricultural methods, she think “necessity is the mother of invention”, humans would always find ways to support themselves.Allan have many ideas agree with Boserup, He devised a method of determining how many historical changes:stage1:high birth rate and high death rate,and low population growth.Stage2:high birth rate, low death rate, high population growth.stage3:low birth rate, flow death rate, low population growth.Japan has passed through the demographic transition.By 1966, many African countries were in stage1 of the demographic transition, A few were entering stage2.By 1993, many African countries finished stage1 ,and moved to stage2, only a few countries seemed to on the way to completing a transition or had essentially completed the demographic transition.The third stage of the demographic transition were occurring in many parts of the third world in 1993, but not in Africa.As the improvement of the technology and the economy can in turn carry the society through the demographic transition, so Commoner think the population problem lies in poverty, and its solution lies in the redistribution of wealth.In order to avoid a Malthusian Destiny, Harvey thinks the population-resource equation can be moved in the direction of equilibrium by changing any of four constituent parts of equation.In many less developed countries, a large family increase the amount of labor available for farming and the household economy.If one can guarantee the continuation of one’s family line and be secured in old age, the will limit the number of children one brings into the world.Many factors contribute to the achievement of the demographic transition, and literacy is worth further security.Literacy is one of civilization’s central tools, and the illiterate rate between man and women is different, the gab between man and women has increased narrowed somewhat.

第二篇：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)作業(yè)

原文章：GC／MS法測(cè)定干姜揮發(fā)油化學(xué)成分

摘要 目的 分離鑒定干姜[Zingiber officinale(Willd．)Rosc．]揮發(fā)油成分。方法 用氣相色譜一質(zhì)譜(GC／MS)聯(lián)用技術(shù)，應(yīng)用峰面積歸一化法測(cè)定各組分的相對(duì)含量。結(jié)果共測(cè)定出57種化合物，占揮發(fā)油總量的88．06％，主要為烯及萜類化合物。結(jié)論本實(shí)驗(yàn)方法可靠，重現(xiàn)性好，能掌握干姜的內(nèi)在質(zhì)量特征，為藏藥合理利用干姜提供一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。

我的英文翻譯：

Tilte：By GC-MS method to assay the volatile oil of Zingiber officinale(Willd．)Rosc

Abstract:Objective:separate and identify the volatile oil of Zingiber officinale(Willd．)Rosc.Method:By GC-MS and conand areas of peak normalization method to measure the relative content of each component.Result:totally 57 type of compound had been measured,excluding 88．06％of the volatile oil of Zingiber officinale(Willd．)Rosc, and almost of it are alkenyl compound and terpenoid.Conclusion:the method of this experiment is reliable and reproducible,also could master the inner characteristics to use the ZANG medicine properly and science-based.作者的翻譯

Abstract Objective To analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oil from Zingiber officinale．Methods The constituents of volatile oil from Zingiber officinale．was analyzed by technology of GC／MS．Results 57 conpounds were got and identified in the volatile oil．which accounted for 88．06％ of volatile oil．the major chemical compounds in the volatile oil were alkene and terpenes．Conclusion This method iS reliable．stable and repeatable．the data can provide scientific bases for research of Zingiber Omcinale．

第三篇：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)作業(yè)

Unit 3 Introduction of Automation Specialty

自動(dòng)化專業(yè)概論

Automation science and technologies have been playing a key role in the development of自動(dòng)化科學(xué)與技術(shù)在人類歷史上科學(xué)與技術(shù)發(fā)展過(guò)程中一直扮演著一個(gè)關(guān)鍵角色。science andtechnology in human history.Automation and Control educates within the fields of自動(dòng)化與控制教育領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的自動(dòng)化，控制和機(jī)器人技術(shù)。automation,control and robotics.The major of automation is kept for undergraduate program to自動(dòng)化專業(yè)本科計(jì)劃保持滿足技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì) meet the needs of technical innovation and socialist market economy,to strengthen the的需要，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和拓寬專業(yè)范圍。

fundamental expertise and to broaden the professional scope.Students in the Specialty of Automation are expected to establish solid engineering basis and obtain sound professional自動(dòng)化專業(yè)的學(xué)生對(duì)電工，電子技術(shù)，控制理論，測(cè)量?jī)x表，系統(tǒng)工程，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò) knowledge in Electrotechnics,Electronics,ControlTheory,Sensing & Instrumentation,System技術(shù)的應(yīng)用4年的學(xué)習(xí)后獲得良好的專業(yè)知識(shí)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的工程基礎(chǔ)。

Engineering,Computer Technique & Application and Network Techniques after 4 year's study.They are supposed o be able to undertake System Analysis,Design and Development in Motion

他們應(yīng)該能夠進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，在運(yùn)動(dòng)中的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)控制，工業(yè)過(guò)程控制，電力電子，自動(dòng)Control, Industrial Process Control, power Electronics,Auto-Detecting&Instrumentation,檢測(cè)與儀表，電子與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，信息處理，管理與決策等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的先進(jìn)專業(yè)畢業(yè)后。Electronics & Computer Technique,Information Processing,Management & Decision-making andother related fields as advanced professional after graduation.Automation science andtechnologies is playing an important role for China's construction of modernization.自動(dòng)化科學(xué)與技術(shù)是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。

Education Object & Scope of Employment

就業(yè)教育的對(duì)象與范圍

Automation and Control offers courses within basic and advanced control,industrial and自動(dòng)化與控制提供基本和高級(jí)購(gòu)物在工業(yè)自動(dòng)化控制、嵌入式系統(tǒng)與智能系統(tǒng)等。embeddedautomation,and intelligent systems and so on.The training programs spread across a培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目遍布廣泛的課程和培訓(xùn)發(fā)展的深度和廣度的學(xué)生的教育。

wide spectrum of courses andtraining to develop the depth and breadth of students' education.They enable the students to take on broad range of challenges that they will encounter in future他們使學(xué)生接受挑戰(zhàn)的范圍廣泛，他們將在未來(lái)的職業(yè)生涯遇到的。

career.The major of automation synthetically applies the modern control theory,自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代控制理論，電工，電子產(chǎn)品，電腦硬件和軟件，計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，electrotechnics,electronics,computer hardware and software,computer network technology,信息處理和系統(tǒng)工程的發(fā)展為人類造福的改進(jìn)的技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品。

information processing and systems engineering to develop improved technologies and products for the benefit of mankind.The automation Bachelor degree provides a strong technical background, from which graduates may enter into professional career in fields such as industrial

自動(dòng)化學(xué)士學(xué)位提供了強(qiáng)有力的技術(shù)背景，從畢業(yè)生可進(jìn)入職業(yè)生涯中，如工業(yè)過(guò)程控制，process control,computer applications,motion control,intelligent control,information processing, 計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用，運(yùn)動(dòng)控制，智能控制，信息處理領(lǐng)域，管理和決策，制造，工程，教育，商業(yè)，management and decision,making,engineering,education, business, government, finance，政府，金融，生物信息學(xué)，電力公司，軟件工程公司，銀行，等等，并具有良好的設(shè)計(jì)能力，bioinformatics,electric power company, software engineering company,bank,and so on,and have制造，分析，創(chuàng)新，溝通和團(tuán)隊(duì)工作。

good ability in designing,manufacturing,analyzing,creativity,communication and team work.Main courses in automation includes Circuit,Analog Electronics,Principles of automatics Control,比賽在手自動(dòng)化包括電路、模擬電子，自動(dòng)控制原理、電力系統(tǒng)仿真、計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)，自 Microcomputer Principle,Computer Control Technology,Automatic Detection and Measurement動(dòng)探測(cè)和測(cè)量技術(shù)，汽車和電力電子變換技術(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)，過(guò)程控制，儀器，運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)、Technology,Motor and Drive Foundation,Power ElectronicConverting Technique,Process過(guò)程控制工程等。

Control Intrumentation,Motion Control System,Process Control Engineering,and so on.Many automation undergraduates continue their studies by taking postgraduate programs in許多學(xué)生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)自動(dòng)化專業(yè)的研究生課程，在研究和發(fā)展事業(yè)的準(zhǔn)備。

automation,in preparation for careers in research and development.The career opportunities for graduates of DA(Department of Automation)are promising畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)大（自動(dòng)化系）是有希望的具有豐富的選擇。

with abundant choices.Every year, the demand for our graduates outnumbers the supply.Many每一年，我們的畢業(yè)生的需求超過(guò)供給。

automation undergraduates continue their studies by taking postgraduate programs in許多學(xué)生選擇繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)自動(dòng)化專業(yè)的研究生課程，在研究和發(fā)展事業(yè)的準(zhǔn)備。

automation, in preparation for careers in research and development.Some of the undergraduates are admitted for advanced study of Doctor or Master Degree with exemption of有些大學(xué)生考博士或碩士學(xué)位的免試研究。

examination.And the remaining students can find satisfactory jobs in scientific research

一些學(xué)生能夠在科學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)、大學(xué)校園、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)企業(yè)找到滿意的工作，institutes, universities, state key enterprises, and well-known domestic and foreign companies in以“雙向選擇”的原則，根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外知名企業(yè)，它能充分發(fā)揮自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能。

accordance with the principle of “two-way-selection”, which can give full play to their professional knowledge or skills.Graduates from automation department shall engage in scientific research, teaching, system design, new product development,hardware and software自動(dòng)化系的畢業(yè)生要搞科研，教學(xué)，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)，在各種控制科學(xué)領(lǐng)域和工程 development in various fields of control science and control engineering, as well as the

控制的硬件和軟件的發(fā)展，以及在金融部門的管理工作，企業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)與國(guó)家行政部門。administrative work in the finance department,enterprises and institutions and the state administrative departments.Some graduates also start their own businesses, operating all types一些畢業(yè)生也開始創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)，經(jīng)營(yíng)各類高新技術(shù)企業(yè)，為中國(guó)的自動(dòng)化和信息產(chǎn)業(yè)做 of high-tech companies, making contribution to the automation and information industries of出貢獻(xiàn)。

China.Main Courses for Undergraduate Programs

本課的主要課程

Fundamental courses:基本課程：

Higher Mathematics高等數(shù)學(xué)

Engineering Drawing工程制圖

General Physics普通物理

Linear Algebra線性代數(shù)

Integral Transformation積分變換

Complex Function復(fù)變函數(shù)

Numerical Analysis數(shù)值分析

Stochastic Processes隨機(jī)過(guò)程

Probability and Mathematical Statistics概率論與數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)

Skeleton of Chinese Modern History中國(guó)近代史

Thought ofMao ZeDong and Theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics 毛澤東思想和中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論

Fundamentals of Marxism Principle馬克思基礎(chǔ)原理

Military Training軍事訓(xùn)練

Introduction to Automation自動(dòng)化概論

Theory of Circuits電路理論

Fundamentals of Analog Electronics模擬電子技術(shù)

Fundamentals of Digital Electronics數(shù)字電子技術(shù)

Computer Principles and Applications微機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用

Computer Language and Program Design計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言與程序設(shè)計(jì) Electromagnetic Field電磁場(chǎng)

Signals and Systems信號(hào)與系統(tǒng)

Theory of Automatic Control自動(dòng)控制原理

Core courses:核心課程

Theory of Modern Control現(xiàn)代控制理論

Processes Control過(guò)程控制

Electromechanics電機(jī)機(jī)械

Principle and Application of Single-chip Computer單片機(jī)原理與應(yīng)用 Programmable Logical Intelligence可編程邏輯控制器系統(tǒng) Electrical Machinery and Motion Control電機(jī)與運(yùn)動(dòng)控制 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence人工智能概論Computer Networks and Applications計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與應(yīng)用 Fundamentals of Power Electronics電力電子基礎(chǔ) Microcomputer Principle微機(jī)原理

Automatic Detection and Measurement Technology自動(dòng)檢測(cè)和測(cè)量技術(shù) Principles of Measurements and Sensors檢測(cè)與傳感器技術(shù) Intelligent Instruments and Devices智能儀表和設(shè)備

Drop courses:減少課程：

Simulation with Computer計(jì)算機(jī)仿真

Fundamentals of System Identification系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)基礎(chǔ)

Fundamental Pattern Recognition基本的模式識(shí)別

Computer Control Systems計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)

Digital Image Processing數(shù)字圖像處理

Introduction to System Engineering工程系統(tǒng)概論

Power Supplying Technology電力供應(yīng)技術(shù)

Distributed Control System分布式控制系統(tǒng)

Elective courses:選修課程：

Computer Network and Communication Technology計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與通信技術(shù) Intelligent Control of Robots智能控制機(jī)器人

Intelligent Control智能控制

Introduction to Stochastic Control隨機(jī)控制簡(jiǎn)介

Nonlinear Control Theory非線性控制理論

Advanced Process Control高級(jí)過(guò)程控制

Special Topics on Control特殊的主題控制

Planning and Control of Production System生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和控制系統(tǒng)

Intelligent Optimization Algorithms with Applications 智能優(yōu)化算法與應(yīng)用 System Reliability and Fault Tolerance系統(tǒng)的可靠性與容錯(cuò)性 Discrete-Time Signal Processing離散時(shí)間信號(hào)處理

Fundamentals of Advanced Measurement Science and Technology

先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)側(cè)量基礎(chǔ)

Intelligent Instrument Design智能儀器設(shè)計(jì)

Electronic Measurements電子測(cè)量

Micro-processor Control of Power Electronic Circuits

微處理器控制的電力電子電路

Field bus Technology & its Application現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)應(yīng)用

Design and Application on Embedded System嵌入式系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用 Digital Image Processing and Multimedia Technology數(shù)字圖像處理與多媒體技術(shù) Fundamentals of Digital Video and its Applications數(shù)字視頻基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用 Multimedia Technologies and Applications多媒體技術(shù)與應(yīng)用 Principle of Database System數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)原理

Network Security Seminar網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全研討會(huì)

Control and Optimization Techniques in IP Networks在IP網(wǎng)中的控制和優(yōu)化技術(shù) Modeling and Analysis of Enterprise and Information企業(yè)和信息的建模與分析 Introduction to theory of Automatic Control智能控制理論概論 Electronic Circuit Analyses & Design--Applications of EDA Software

電子電路分析與設(shè)計(jì)——EDA軟件中的應(yīng)用

Computer Network with Application計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與應(yīng)用程序

Principles and Application of Embedded System嵌入式系統(tǒng)原理及應(yīng)用 Control System Simulation and CAD電阻值控制仿真與CAD Intelligent Transportation Systems智能交通系統(tǒng)

Exploring Network Dynamics探索網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)力學(xué)

The System Reorganization系統(tǒng)識(shí)別

The Mode Identification模式識(shí)別 The Computer Simulation計(jì)算機(jī)仿真

The Computer Control System計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng) System Engineering Introduction工程系統(tǒng)概論

第四篇：2014環(huán)境工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)大作業(yè)

廣西大學(xué)課程考試試卷

專業(yè)英語(yǔ)大作業(yè)

一、翻譯

1.The breadth and complexity of the environmental problems we face and the scientific, economic and social impediments to their solution emphasize how important it is that environmental scientists and engineers gain an appreciation for the processes and functioning of all environmental compartments — air, soil, water, and energy — and intentionally account for the long-term consequences and sustainability of the actions they propose, whether they be preventative or remedial.我們所面臨的環(huán)境問(wèn)題的廣度和復(fù)雜程度以及對(duì)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的科學(xué)的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、社會(huì)的阻礙，都集中到了這樣一個(gè)重要性：環(huán)境科學(xué)家與工程師們獲得一個(gè)對(duì)多有環(huán)境因素諸如空氣、石油、水、能量的流程和功能的判斷，有意闡明所提議的行為的長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果和可持續(xù)發(fā)展性，是否他們（環(huán)境問(wèn)題）可以預(yù)防和補(bǔ)救。

2.As these next-generation technologies are considered, the selection of those for further development and implementation ought to consider a broadened definition of performance to include improved water quality and quantity as well as energy and materials consumption, ecosystem function at the source and sink, life-cycle impacts, and human-health outcomes.這些被認(rèn)為是下一代技術(shù),它們進(jìn)一步開發(fā)和實(shí)現(xiàn)的選擇應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮改善水質(zhì)量和數(shù)量,以及能源和材料消耗, 在源和水槽,生命周期的影響、人類健康結(jié)果的影響的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的定義。

3.The next step is to combine the exposure data with so-called exposure–response(or concentration–response)functions(the quantified relationship between health risk and exposure to air pollution)and data for the actual frequency in the given area of, for example, deaths and hospital admissions due to air-pollution-related diseases.考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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廣西大學(xué)課程考試試卷

下一步是把曝光數(shù)據(jù)與所謂的曝光–反應(yīng)（或濃度–響應(yīng)）功能(健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和暴露于空氣污染之間的量化關(guān)系)和數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)際頻率的特定區(qū)域（例如，死亡和因空氣污染住院的）相結(jié)合

4.Environmental engineers must seek to understand the nature and functioning of large and complex systems in order to protect whole ecosystems, produce new and sustainable technologies, prevent the outbreak of diseases across global scales, and protect the environment from damage resulting from the production of new chemicals.環(huán)境工程師必須去理解性質(zhì)和功能大而復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),以保護(hù)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生新的、可持續(xù)的技術(shù),防止疾病的疫情在全球范圍傳播,保護(hù)環(huán)境免受新化學(xué)物質(zhì)的破壞。

5.With increased scientific knowledge derived from laboratory studies and environmental monitoring concerning the impacts of the residual constituents found in secondary effluent, it is anticipated that many of the methods now classified as advanced will become conventional within the next 5 to 10 years.隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)有關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)二級(jí)污水中殘留成分的影響，科學(xué)知識(shí)在急劇增加，預(yù)計(jì),有許多現(xiàn)在列為先進(jìn)的技術(shù)將在未來(lái)5至10年成為傳統(tǒng)的方法。

6.Nonselective in their mode of attack and able to operate at normal temperature and pressures, hydroxyl radicals are capable of oxidizing almost all reduced materials present without restriction to specific classes or groups of compounds, as compared to other oxidants.相比其他氧化劑，它們能夠在非選擇性的攻擊模式、在正常的溫度和壓力下,減少幾乎所有材料的羥基自由基的氧化能力，然而現(xiàn)在它們沒(méi)有被劃分到具體的類或化合物組，7.International development organizations and human rights groups increasingly insist, however, that environmental problems that deprive vulnerable populations in developing countries of access to shelter, water, or food or that spread diseases, whatever the sources, are security issues.雖然環(huán)境問(wèn)題剝奪了發(fā)展中國(guó)家的弱勢(shì)群體獲得庇護(hù)的權(quán)利, 但是, 國(guó)際發(fā)展組織和人權(quán)考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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組織越來(lái)越多的堅(jiān)持水,和食物,或者無(wú)論如何產(chǎn)生的傳播疾病都是最重要的安全問(wèn)題。

8.Encouraged by funds appropriated by governments that are motivated by public interest, researchers have turned their research to evaluate damage or potential damage to the “environment”

to humans, other species, or systems that need to be protected.出于公共利益,由政府撥款的鼓勵(lì)基金支持研究人員用他們的研究來(lái)評(píng)估傷害或潛在傷害人類的“環(huán)境”, 需要保護(hù)的其他物種或系統(tǒng)，9.The North China Plain bounded by the Hai, Huai, and Yellow rivers has 33% of China’s population and generates the same national percentage of gross domestic product(GDP)and industrial output, yet only shares 7.7% of the national water resources.Conversely, 21.3% of the country’s water resources are in the southwest, but that region accounts for only 0.7% of the national GDP and industrial output.華北平原有東海,淮河和黃河，擁有中國(guó)33%的人口和相同比例的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)和工業(yè)產(chǎn)出,但卻只有7.7%的國(guó)家水資源。相反,我國(guó)21.3%的水資源在西南地區(qū),但該地區(qū)僅占國(guó)家GDP和工業(yè)產(chǎn)值的0.7%。

10.The projection is based on a wide range of assumptions about the main forces driving future emissions(such as population growth and technological change)but does not reflect any efforts to control emissions due to concerns about climate change.這個(gè)投影是基于驅(qū)動(dòng)未來(lái)的碳排放的主要因素(人口增長(zhǎng)和技術(shù)變革等)一系列假設(shè),但并不能反映由于人們對(duì)氣候變化的擔(dān)憂而控制排放的努力。

11.As developing nations industrialize, pollutant concentrations and the numbers of exposed individuals increase;as new chemicals are added to our environment we discover more complex and troubling impacts;as we more carefully monitor ecosystems, we become more alarmed at the threats our activities have on the very fabric of life on Earth.當(dāng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家正在工業(yè)化時(shí)，污染物聚集程度以及暴露在這些化學(xué)品影響之下的人數(shù)都在考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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逐漸增加；當(dāng)新的化學(xué)物質(zhì)被應(yīng)用到我們?nèi)粘－h(huán)境中時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的復(fù)雜和麻煩的影響；當(dāng)我們?cè)絹?lái)越細(xì)心仔細(xì)的監(jiān)視著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，我們也變的對(duì)由我們自己日?；顒?dòng)給地球上基本生活結(jié)構(gòu)帶來(lái)的威脅越來(lái)越警覺(jué)。

12.Recognition of this interconnectedness has led the African Development Bank and other development organizations to agree that integrating adaptation responses into development planning, which includes improvements in water and sanitation, is an important way to address climate change impacts on the poor.識(shí)別的互聯(lián)性導(dǎo)致了非洲開發(fā)銀行和其他開發(fā)組織同意將適應(yīng)反應(yīng)集成到發(fā)展規(guī)劃中,其中包括改善水和衛(wèi)生設(shè)施這一個(gè)重要的方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化對(duì)窮人的影響

13.Research is ongoing to determine(1)the environmental effects of potential toxic and biologically active substances found in wastewater and(2)how these substances can be removed by both conventional and advanced wastewater-treatment processes.研究確定：(1)廢水的環(huán)境具有潛在的毒性并可以對(duì)生物活性物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生影響(2)如何利用傳統(tǒng)和先進(jìn)的污水處理工藝發(fā)現(xiàn)這些物質(zhì)

14.For example, a qualitative test may involve the use of a reagent which develops a colour in the presence of the analyte.However, below a certain concentration or detection limit the colour will not be detectable.Thus, the qualitative test is quantitative also in the sense that it can only show that the analyte concentration does not exceed a certain detection limit.例如,定性試驗(yàn)可能涉及使用試劑開發(fā)分析物存在的色彩。然而,低于一定濃度或檢測(cè)極限的顏色不會(huì)被檢測(cè)到。因此,定性試驗(yàn)在某種意義上只能顯示濃度不超過(guò)一定的檢出限的分析物

15.Much of the environment damage caused by developments occurs during the construction phase, and a problem is that construction is usually contracted to a construction company who will not have participated in the EIA process, and over whom the developer may have little control.許多損害環(huán)境的事是發(fā)生在施工階段,其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題是,施工單位通常是一個(gè)不會(huì)參與環(huán)境考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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影響評(píng)價(jià)的公司,而且開發(fā)人員也可能會(huì)無(wú)法控制

16.Nevertheless, the general direction and boundaries of that trajectory can be established through a combination of knowledge of the damaged ecosystem’s pre-existing structure ,composition and functioning, studies on comparable intact ecosystems, information about regional environmental conditions, and analysis of other ecological, cultural and historical reference information.然而,總的方向和邊界的軌跡可以通過(guò)知識(shí)的結(jié)合建立受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的預(yù)先存在的結(jié)構(gòu)、組成和功能,比較完整的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),研究區(qū)域環(huán)境條件、信息和分析其他生態(tài)、文化和歷史的參考信息等

17.The story of MTBE provides another example of unintended consequences.MTBE was first added to gasoline in the early 1980s to replace the octane enhancer tetraethyllead and to help clean the air by reducing exhaust emissions.Inadvertent leakage from cars and storage tanks, however, has led to MTBE contamination of groundwater, including drinking water sources, in many parts of the United States.MTBE的故事提供了一個(gè)意想不到的后果。MTBE在1980年代初首次添加到汽油代替辛烷增強(qiáng)器四乙基鉛,并通過(guò)減少?gòu)U氣排放幫助清潔空氣。然而,卻因不慎從汽車和儲(chǔ)油罐泄漏,導(dǎo)致了MTBE污染美國(guó)許多地區(qū)包括飲用水來(lái)源的地下水.18.In the simplest circumstances, restoration consists of removing or modifying a specific disturbance, thereby allowing ecological processes to bring about an independent recovery.For example, removing a dam allows the return of an historical flooding regime.在最簡(jiǎn)單的情況下,去除或修改一個(gè)特定的干擾組分,從而為生態(tài)過(guò)程帶來(lái)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的復(fù)蘇。例如,移除一個(gè)大壩使洪水可以發(fā)生.19.Because of the extensive research into the mechanisms of BNR, the advantages of its use, and the number of BNR systems that have been placed into operation, nutrient removal, for all practical purposes, has become a part of conventional wastewater treatment.考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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因?yàn)閷?duì)BNR機(jī)制進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,BNR系統(tǒng)具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)使它已投入生產(chǎn), 并且出于實(shí)用的目的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物去除 ,已成為傳統(tǒng)廢水處理的一部分

20.The municipal wastewater treatment enterprise is composed of over 16,000 plants that are used to treat a total flow of about 1400 cubic meters per second(m3/s).Approximately 92 percent of the total existing flow is handled by plants having a capacity of 0.044 m3/s and larger.市政污水處理企業(yè)有16000多個(gè)設(shè)備用于治理總流量約1400立方米/秒(立方米/秒)的污水。大約 92%的總現(xiàn)有的流程是由具有 0.044 m3/s和更大能力的設(shè)備處理的。

作文

1.Read one of the following reading materials, and write abstract about it(100 words)(1)Unit1, Reading Material A

(2)Unit13, Reading Material B Advanced oxidation processes are used to oxidize complex organic constituents found in wastewater that are difficult to degrade biologically into simpler end products.Included theory of advanced oxidation,technologies used to produce hydroxy radicals,(ozone/UV, hydrogen peroxide/UV).Besides, the reading material tell our oxidation of refractory organic compounds and operational problems.(3)Unit 7, Reading Material A

2.Choose one of the following topic, then write an article to express your opinion(150 words)What are the differences and relationships between the four terms, global warming, greenhouse effect, and climate change?

Global warming and the greenhouse effect is mainly due to the modern industrial 考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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society burning too much coal, oil and natural gas release large amounts of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere.However, State of climate change is the average climate change with time, the state that climate average and deviation(analyzed)both in one or two there was statistically significant change together.We know that there are many common relationship between global warming, greenhouse effect, and climate change.Carbon dioxide emissions from excess greenhouse effect, at the same time can also cause global warming.The greenhouse effect and global warming lead to climate change.三、作業(yè)說(shuō)明

1.作業(yè)需獨(dú)立完成，可以查閱資料、字典等，但不能互相討論，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有雷同的答案或是作文，本門課程成績(jī)作廢；

2.作業(yè)完成時(shí)間為兩周，請(qǐng)學(xué)習(xí)委員于2014年11月24日前收齊作業(yè)的紙質(zhì)版和電子版，紙質(zhì)版交到環(huán)境學(xué)院119辦公室，電子版發(fā)送至郵箱wendy992918@sina.com。

考試過(guò)程中不得將試卷拆開

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第五篇：國(guó)貿(mào)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)期末大作業(yè) A

國(guó)貿(mào)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)期末大作業(yè)

要求：請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列所給商務(wù)情景A和B自己設(shè)計(jì)兩組英文對(duì)話，要求對(duì)話內(nèi)容涵蓋所有重要的信息點(diǎn)，兩組對(duì)話總共不得少于400個(gè)詞。

背景介紹：

東莞美業(yè)（Mayer）紡織品有限公司是一家經(jīng)國(guó)家外經(jīng)貿(mào)部批準(zhǔn)，以經(jīng)營(yíng)紡織面料、服裝、絲巾，圍巾為主的綜合性外貿(mào)公司。公司擁有1000多平米的外銷產(chǎn)品展示廳、辦公用房和一支高素質(zhì)的外貿(mào)經(jīng)營(yíng)專業(yè)隊(duì)伍，2005年外貿(mào)出口額已超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)美元。產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷歐美、東南亞等國(guó)家和地區(qū)，深受客商的贊譽(yù)。

美國(guó)亨特（Hunter）進(jìn)出口公司是一家老牌紡織品企業(yè)，經(jīng)營(yíng)紡織品進(jìn)出口已有50多年的歷史，在全美有近百家分店銷售紡織品。2011年公司計(jì)劃從中國(guó)進(jìn)口紡織品1億美元，因此，年初派采購(gòu)部經(jīng)理John Winner先生到中國(guó)考察。

情景A

美國(guó)亨特公司的采購(gòu)部經(jīng)理John Winner先生來(lái)到廣州參加廣交會(huì)，當(dāng)他走到東莞美業(yè)紡織品公司的展臺(tái)時(shí)，被該公司的產(chǎn)品所吸引，尤其是對(duì)產(chǎn)品新穎的設(shè)計(jì)和質(zhì)量很滿意，通過(guò)與美業(yè)公司外銷部經(jīng)理Jacky Wang的洽談，雙方達(dá)成了初步的合作意向。洽談主要內(nèi)容如下：

1.采購(gòu)產(chǎn)品：3000件絲綢襯衫，2000套真絲睡衣，價(jià)格分別為每件20美元和12美元CIF洛杉磯

2.包裝方式：外包裝為防水紙箱，內(nèi)包裝為透明塑料袋，每箱50件

3.保險(xiǎn)：由賣方按照發(fā)票金額的110%投保水漬險(xiǎn)

4.支付方式：待定（因買方要求采用托收，但賣方堅(jiān)持采用信用證）

5.交貨時(shí)間：在確定完支付方式并簽訂正式的合同后2個(gè)月內(nèi)交貨

情景B

亨特公司的Winner先生第二天來(lái)到東莞美業(yè)公司參觀，外銷部王經(jīng)理首先接待了他，帶他參觀了公司的展廳，并詳細(xì)介紹了公司的情況。接著雙方來(lái)到會(huì)議室，就合同條款做進(jìn)一步的磋商。Winner先生表示到公司來(lái)參觀以后了解了美業(yè)公司的實(shí)力，對(duì)雙方今后長(zhǎng)期的合作更有信心了。經(jīng)過(guò)慎重考慮，同意采用信用證的方式付款，但希望對(duì)方以后可以考慮采用靈活一些的支付方式。王經(jīng)理也表示希望雙方能建立長(zhǎng)期的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，一旦成為老客戶，肯定會(huì)給予很多優(yōu)惠的，包括支付方式的便利，但這是雙方第一次交易，按照公司規(guī)定一定要采用保兌不可撤銷的即期信用證支付。Winner先生說(shuō)可以理解，建議雙方盡快簽訂正式的銷售合同。