第一篇：英文合同的要點(diǎn)

英文合同的要點(diǎn)

英文合同的要點(diǎn)

一份完整的英文合約通?？梢苑譃闃?biāo)題、序文、主文條款及結(jié)尾辭四大部份?！笜?biāo)題」在開(kāi)宗明義地顯示合約的性質(zhì)；「序文」是用最簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)明，大略介紹合約訂立的背景；「主文條款」里包括依各種合約性質(zhì)的不同而約定的特殊條款，以及不論何種類(lèi)型合約都會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一般條款；最后「結(jié)尾辭」則是當(dāng)事人簽名前的一段文字，為整份合約畫(huà)下句點(diǎn)。以下分別就此四部份為說(shuō)明。

一、合約的標(biāo)題

英文合約和中文合約都一樣，標(biāo)題并不是一定要有的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)事人間的法律關(guān)系是用合約內(nèi)容的各個(gè)條款來(lái)判斷，標(biāo)題基本上不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何影響。但為方便辨識(shí)的考量，合約撰寫(xiě)人通常都會(huì)依照合約性質(zhì)，在合約首頁(yè)的最上方給予一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題，例如“Share Purchase Agreement”（股份收購(gòu)合約）、“Joint Venture Agreement”（合資合約）、“Loan Agreement”（貸款合約）、“Distribution Agreement”（經(jīng)銷(xiāo)合約）、“License Agreement”（授權(quán)合約）等等。至于標(biāo)題中可能使用的 “agreement”、“contract”、“l(fā)etter”、“memorandum”、“understanding” 等各式各樣的名稱(chēng)，有哪些意義相同，哪些在法律上可能有不同的拘束力，則請(qǐng)參閱第壹編之壹「英文合約的名稱(chēng)」一節(jié)，不再贅述。

二、合約的序文

英文合約在標(biāo)題之后，各式各樣的條款出現(xiàn)之前，通常會(huì)先有一段「序文」，一般而言不會(huì)占去太多的篇幅，目的在很簡(jiǎn)略地介紹合約規(guī)范內(nèi)容之人、事、時(shí)、地、物等背景，讓閱讀合約的人在接觸冗長(zhǎng)復(fù)雜的主文前，先有一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)與心理準(zhǔn)備。

詳細(xì)來(lái)說(shuō)，序文通常又分作以下兩個(gè)段落：第一部份文字叫做 “commencement”，也就是合約的「開(kāi)場(chǎng)白」，內(nèi)容在說(shuō)明合約當(dāng)事人姓名或名稱(chēng)、當(dāng)事人的國(guó)籍與住所或主營(yíng)業(yè)所、訂約日期等等。

This Share Purchase Agreement is made on the 3rd day of May, 1991 by and between&:

(1)ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA, a company organized and existing& under the laws of France and having its registered office& at 89 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris and

(2)Mark Gilbert Handerson, an individual with nationality of the United States of America(Passport No.12345678), residing at 2199 Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA.本股份收購(gòu)契約訂立于公元一九九一年五月三日，雙方當(dāng)事人為：

(1)依法國(guó)法律組織設(shè)立的ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA公司，注冊(cè)所在地為48 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris，與

(2)美國(guó)籍的Mark Gilbert Handerson(護(hù)照號(hào)碼12345678)，居住于2199 Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA。

& by and between

要表示合約是由哪些當(dāng)事人所訂定，英文中通常會(huì)說(shuō)“This Agreement is made by and

between...”，用“by”來(lái)表示合約「被誰(shuí)訂定」，“between”來(lái)表示「誰(shuí)與誰(shuí)之間的合意」。如果當(dāng)事人不只兩個(gè)，也可以用“by and among”來(lái)代替。

& organized and existing

合約開(kāi)場(chǎng)白里要說(shuō)明當(dāng)事人的國(guó)籍，在自然人的情況下可以用“a national of...”或“an individual with the nationality of...”來(lái)表示，如果是法人組織多半使用“organized and existing under the laws of...”這樣的字眼，其中“organized”也可以用“incorporated”來(lái)代替。

& registered office

“registered office”是指一個(gè)公司的「注冊(cè)所在地」，它和“principal office”，即「主營(yíng)業(yè)所」并不一定位于同一個(gè)地方。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在臺(tái)灣很多本土企業(yè)基于稅務(wù)與方便性的考量，流行在海外幾個(gè)特定的地方，例如英屬維京群島（British Virgin Islands;簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“BVI”）成立所謂的「紙上公司」（“paper company”），此時(shí)這個(gè)公司必須在BVI「當(dāng)?shù)亍乖O(shè)有一個(gè)registered office，但是公司的principal office則可能不在BVI，而位于臺(tái)灣本土，因?yàn)楣疽磺械臉I(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)際上都在臺(tái)灣進(jìn)行。

第二部份叫做“Recitals”或“Preambles”，是由數(shù)個(gè)以“Whereas”字樣開(kāi)頭的句子所組合而成（這些句子俗稱(chēng)為“Whereas Clauses”?！癢hereas”的本義是“When in fact”、“considering that”、或“that being the case”的意思，所以“Whereas Clauses”就表示當(dāng)事人乃是在本于對(duì)這些事實(shí)（例如訂約的目的、背景來(lái)由等）的共同認(rèn)識(shí)，訂立此合約。以下是一個(gè)經(jīng)銷(xiāo)契約（Distribution Agreement）的Whereas Clauses，很簡(jiǎn)單明了地?cái)⑹鲋圃焐膛c經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商雙方合作的意愿。

Whereas, Manufacturer is engaged in the manufacture and sale of the Products;

Whereas, Manufacturer is desirous of selling the Products in the Territory;

Whereas, Distributor is engaged in the importation and distribution of the related products of the Products in the Territory;and

Whereas, Distributor is desirous of becoming a distributor of the Products in the Territory.&Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:

(*“Manufacturer”, “Products”, “Territory”, and “Distributor” are all to be defined in other parts of the contract.)

制造人乃從事本商品制造之公司。

制造人希望在經(jīng)銷(xiāo)區(qū)域進(jìn)行本商品之銷(xiāo)售。

銷(xiāo)售人乃在經(jīng)銷(xiāo)區(qū)域從事與本商品相關(guān)商品進(jìn)口與銷(xiāo)售之公司。

銷(xiāo)售人希望能在經(jīng)銷(xiāo)區(qū)域代銷(xiāo)本商品。

基于以上之認(rèn)識(shí)，雙方當(dāng)事人遂就下列各事項(xiàng)達(dá)成協(xié)議：

（*文中提到的「制造人」、「本商品」、「經(jīng)銷(xiāo)區(qū)域」及「經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商」都應(yīng)該在合約的其它部份加以定義。）請(qǐng)參照本書(shū)第貳編之伍「定義條款」。

& Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:

緊接在一串whereas clauses之后，會(huì)出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似上例中的“Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:”這樣一句話，目的在提醒閱讀合約的人，真正規(guī)范訂約當(dāng)事人權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的條款在這句話之后就要開(kāi)始了，也就是說(shuō)，這句話（一般稱(chēng)為“operative part”）是序文與主文之間的橋梁，在此之前為訂約背景事實(shí)的敘述，在此之后則為關(guān)于交易關(guān)系的實(shí)體約定。

實(shí)務(wù)上常見(jiàn)者，當(dāng)事人簽署一份合約之后，因?yàn)閷?duì)同一交易事件還有后續(xù)的約定未及于該合約記載清楚，于是再另外作成第二份合約，作為先前合約的補(bǔ)充條款（supplemental clauses）。在這種情況下訂立的第二份合約中，就會(huì)在Whereas Clauses 說(shuō)明其締約的來(lái)由與補(bǔ)充的性質(zhì)。例如：

WHEREAS, this Agreement is supplemental to an agreement dated 5 December 1989 between the parties to this Agreement(“the Principal Agreement”)under which the Purchaser agreed to buy certain assets of the Vendor for an aggregate sum of ￡3 million.本合約是為補(bǔ)充雙方當(dāng)事人前于公元****年十二月五日業(yè)已締結(jié)之合約（以下稱(chēng)「主合約」）所訂立，買(mǎi)方于主合約中同意向賣(mài)方購(gòu)買(mǎi)總價(jià)值三百萬(wàn)英鎊的資產(chǎn)。

英文合約的傳統(tǒng)用語(yǔ)

英文合約里包含大量古老的制式用語(yǔ)，成為初次接觸者的困難之一，已如前述。本節(jié)嘗試在進(jìn)入各種一般性主文條款的介紹之前，將最常出現(xiàn)的這些傳統(tǒng)字眼依理解之難易程度分成兩類(lèi)做說(shuō)明及舉例，等于是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)備工作，希望盡可能降低它們對(duì)讀者閱讀的阻礙，讓讀者的注意力能及早集中在合約的實(shí)體權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系規(guī)范上，而不再被這些傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)句所困擾，以免減緩認(rèn)識(shí)英文合約的進(jìn)度。

第一類(lèi)：“here”＋介系詞

第一類(lèi)以“here”開(kāi)頭，后面再加上一個(gè)介系詞的傳統(tǒng)用字，在英文合約里經(jīng)?？梢钥吹剑蟾虐ā癶ereunder”、“hereto”、“hereby”、“hereof”、“herein”等等這幾個(gè)字。依照作者的看法，這是比較容易處理的一類(lèi)，因?yàn)橹灰x者記住一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的原則：「“here”＋介系詞 = 介系詞＋“this agreement”」，就幾乎可以解讀所有的第一類(lèi)用語(yǔ)了。以下來(lái)詳細(xì)看看這個(gè)原則的運(yùn)用情形。（注意：“hereinafter”在定義條款中用來(lái)表示「以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)...」的意思，雖然也用“here”為前綴，但與這里所說(shuō)的傳統(tǒng)用語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)，詳見(jiàn)第貳編之伍「定義條款」。）

--“hereunder” = “under this agreement”

“hereunder”用“under this agreement”代替后，就很清楚地可以了解是「在本合約內(nèi)」、「依據(jù)本合約」的意思。常和這個(gè)字結(jié)合的概念有如下幾個(gè)例子：

舉例 解讀后等于 中文翻譯

obligations obligations under this 本合約內(nèi)的hereunder agreement 義務(wù)

rights granted rights granted under this 依本合約所

hereunder agreement 賦予的權(quán)利

payment due payment due under 依本合約應(yīng)

hereunder this agreement 付的價(jià)款

notice required notice required to be 依本合約所

to be given given under this 應(yīng)給予的通知

hereunder agreement

payment amount “due ”

“due ”是「?jìng)鶆?wù)到期」的意思，詳見(jiàn)第貳編之柒「交易條件」

notice

詳見(jiàn)第貳編之拾伍「雜項(xiàng)條款」中「通知條款」。

--“hereto” = “to this agreement”

因?yàn)橛⑽奈姆ɡ飳?duì)介系詞“to”有某些一定的用法（例如動(dòng)詞“attach”后面接受詞時(shí)，就要用介系詞“to”），所以這個(gè)字最常出現(xiàn)在英文合約里的狀況，就是和「當(dāng)事人」以及「附件」兩個(gè)概念相結(jié)合：

舉例： 解讀后等于： 中文翻譯：

both parties hereto both parties to this agreement 本合約之當(dāng)事人雙方

items specified in Attachment & I hereto items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 本合約之附件I所列之各項(xiàng)

& Attachment

詳見(jiàn)第貳編之拾陸「合約的附件」。

--“hereby” = “by this agreement”

“hereby”中文大概可以說(shuō)是「在此」、「依此」的意思，表示當(dāng)事人借著這個(gè)合約，要宣示某種具有法律上效力的「意思表示」，例如保證、同意、放棄權(quán)利等等。

舉例： 解讀后等于： 中文翻譯：

The Company hereby covenants and warrants & that...By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that...公司在此保證...Both parties hereby agree that...By this agreement both parties agree that...雙方當(dāng)事人在此同意...The Seller hereby waives & the right of...By this agreement the Seller waives the right of...賣(mài)方在此放棄...的權(quán)利

& covenants and warrants

詳見(jiàn)第貳編之捌「保證條款與承諾條款」。

& waive

詳見(jiàn)第貳編之拾伍「雜項(xiàng)條款」中的「棄權(quán)解釋限制條款」。

--“hereof” = “of this agreement”;“herein” = “in this agreement”

“hereof”和“herein”與前面介紹過(guò)的“hereunder”、“hereto”以及“hereby”比較起來(lái)，可能的用法與場(chǎng)合較廣泛，所連接的概念也比較沒(méi)有固定性，同時(shí)在很多情況下“hereof”和“herein”相互代換使用，意思上并不會(huì)有很大的差別。由于“of”和“in”是比較普通易懂的介系詞，只要讀者繼續(xù)掌

握前面一貫的原則，應(yīng)該不會(huì)有什么理解上的困難。

舉例： 解讀后等于： 中文翻譯：

to file a suit in the court agreed to& herein/ to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 向當(dāng)事人于本合約中合意管轄的法院提起訴訟

to follow the terms and conditions & herein /to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement 遵守本合約所規(guī)定的條件

to take effect on the date hereof/ to take effect on the date of this agreement 于本合約之日期生效

the headings of the sections hereof /the headings of the sections of this agreement 本合約各條款之標(biāo)題

& the court agreed to

詳見(jiàn)第貳編之拾伍「雜項(xiàng)條款」中的「合意管轄」條款。

& terms and conditions

詳見(jiàn)第貳編之柒「交易條件」。

第二篇：房屋租賃合同要點(diǎn)(英文)

4.2 Escalation of 10% becomes from the 1st April 2016 4．3 Rental paid monthly in advance on the 1st business day of each month 6.1 Deposit of N$ 60,000,00 保證金（押金）60，000.00 6.3.2 押金在租賃合同到期后的60天內(nèi)退還至租戶。

7.4 It is required to a surcharge of N$ 500.00 if payments of rentals after 7th day of the month 每月遲交房租7天內(nèi)需多交500 10.1 lessee shall not sublet the premises or portion of premise 租戶不可轉(zhuǎn)租房屋或分租房屋。11.2 Lease fail to take occupation of the premise on the date upon which premises are made available, the lessor /agent without incurring any liability towards cancel the agreement without notice, whereupon, the lessee shall forfeit the Deposit paid by him while remaining liable for any losses or rental or other losses sustained by the lessor /agent 租戶在房屋租賃期內(nèi)未使用該房屋時(shí)，房屋所有人或中介可在不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任的情況下取消協(xié)議，屆時(shí)，租戶可獲得押金，但同時(shí)要對(duì)房屋任何損失和房屋租金負(fù)責(zé)。12.4 租戶在租賃期內(nèi)自費(fèi)保持給排水管道通暢，地面平整清潔，房屋物品整潔干凈。12.5戶主或中介可在合理時(shí)間隨時(shí)視察房屋。

12.6租戶若沒(méi)能保持房屋狀況良好，戶主可隨時(shí)根據(jù)此協(xié)議授權(quán)修補(bǔ)，費(fèi)用由租戶承擔(dān)。12.7租賃結(jié)束后，租戶需保持房屋和房屋內(nèi)所有物品完好，損耗和折舊除外。14.1 租戶對(duì)房屋改造后的所有權(quán)將歸屬戶主。

第三篇：英文合同

美國(guó)資深律師經(jīng)驗(yàn)：二十一世紀(jì)寫(xiě)好合同的五十招（英漢對(duì)照）作者：James.Martin 來(lái)源： 梅世杰的日志美國(guó)資深律師經(jīng)驗(yàn)：二十一世紀(jì)寫(xiě)好合同的五十招（英漢對(duì)照）

作者：James.Martin

FIFTY TIPS FOR WRITING THE 21ST CENTURY CONTRACT THAT STAYS OUT OF COURT

二十一世紀(jì)寫(xiě)好合同的五十招

作者：James.Martin

譯者：胡清平

Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov.2000

（本文于2000年11月發(fā)表于美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州的律師雜志上）

Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice.作者注：本文僅供參考，并不旨在提供法律意見(jiàn)

譯者注：翻譯本文并未得到原作者同意，故譯文僅供學(xué)習(xí)和研究使用.------------------Welcome to the 21st Century.Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of computers and the Internet.And where litigation is as costly as ever.Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsuit.With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high.Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.新世紀(jì)的到來(lái)，要求我們?cè)诜蓪?shí)踐中應(yīng)該多用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，不過(guò)，訴訟成本還是那么地高，面對(duì)日益競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的違約訴訟，律師每月開(kāi)出1萬(wàn)美元的賬單也是常有的事。合同中的每一個(gè)字，每一個(gè)詞，每一句話，都意味著潛在的輸或贏，換句話說(shuō)，押在這上面下的賭注也很大，所以，在起草合同時(shí)要把握兩條原則：小心謹(jǐn)慎和深思熟慮。

Drafting contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practicing law.Just 3 years ago at this Convention I presented 50 tips for contract writing.This article updates those tips in the context of our new tools and abilities.Following these tips could result in your writing a contract so clear no one will want to litigate it, saving your client from the trials and tribulations of litigation, truly a good reason to write the contract that stays out of court.然而，起草合同的確又是法律實(shí)踐中一件有意思的事兒。大約三年前，也是在這樣一個(gè)會(huì)議上，我提出了合同起草的50招。本文在那些招數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合一些新的工具和技能，推出了下面這個(gè)新版本,但愿它們能幫助你起草無(wú)可挑剔的合同，讓你的客戶免受訴訟的困擾。

These tips apply to writing all kinds of agreements: office leases, real estate contracts, sales agreements, employment contracts, equipment leases, prenuptial agreements.They even apply to stipulations and settlements in litigation, where you want an agreement so clear that it avoids future litigation.Wherever clarity and simplicity are important, these tips will guide you there.The Appendix provides a few sample forms to illustrate these tips.這些招數(shù)適用于各種合同，比如，辦公租賃合同、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)合同、買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同、勞動(dòng)合同、設(shè)備租賃合同、婚前協(xié)議。同樣，如果你不想讓你在訴訟中所起草的和解條款與協(xié)議再起爭(zhēng)議的話，也可以參考一下這些招數(shù)。另外，通過(guò)了解這些招數(shù)，你就會(huì)明白，起草合同，清晰、簡(jiǎn)明是多么地重要。本文的附錄提供了一些簡(jiǎn)單的法律文書(shū)范本-----這將有助于你理解這些招數(shù)。

Before You Write the First Word

第一部分：在動(dòng)筆之前

1.Ask your client to list the deal points.This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration.Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement.1.要求你的客戶列出合同交易的要點(diǎn)，也可以說(shuō)是合同的清單、目錄或概述。這一招首先幫助你的客戶弄清合同的重點(diǎn)所在。

2.Engage your client in “what if” scenarios.A good contract will anticipate many possible factual situations and express the parties' understanding in case those facts arise.Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.2.讓你的客戶提供一些假設(shè)可能發(fā)生的情況。好的合同不僅能夠預(yù)見(jiàn)到許多可能發(fā)生的情況，而且還能清楚地描述出發(fā)生這些情況后合同雙方的立場(chǎng)。和客戶聊這些情況將有助于你發(fā)現(xiàn)一些你可能沒(méi)有考慮到的問(wèn)題。

3.Ask your client for a similar contract.Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.3.請(qǐng)求你的客戶提供類(lèi)似的合同。通常情況下，客戶都保留著過(guò)去的交易記錄或者是類(lèi)似合同。

4.Search your office computer or the Internet for a similar form.Many times you can find a similar form on your computer.It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer.Just remember to find and replace the old client's name.Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the errors of typing.Here are some Web sites where you can find forms:

http:// 5.Obtain forms in books or CD-ROM.Typical forms of contracts can be found in form books, such as West's Legal Forms(a nationwide set)and Florida Jur Forms, as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications.These can be used as the starting point for drafting the contract or as checklists of typical provisions and wording to include in the contract.Many treatises and form books now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.5.從書(shū)中或者是光盤(pán)上獲取合同范本。典型的合同范本在一些范例書(shū)中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文書(shū)（全國(guó)版）佛羅里達(dá)州文書(shū)期刊，另外，在有些論文和佛羅里達(dá)州律師協(xié)會(huì)的法律繼續(xù)教育出版物中也可以找到一些。起草合同時(shí)，你可以把這些范本當(dāng)做原始資料，利用其中某些典型的條款和措詞。更為方便的是，許多論文和書(shū)中的合同范本都有電子文本儲(chǔ)存在磁盤(pán)或光盤(pán)中。

6.Don't let your client sign a letter of intent without this wording.Sometimes clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is prepared.A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times.Just be sure that the letter of intent clearly states that it is not a contract, but that it is merely an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes.See Appendix C.6.如果沒(méi)有特別申明，不要讓你的客戶在意向書(shū)上簽字。有時(shí)候，在合同未準(zhǔn)備好之前，客戶為了表示誠(chéng)意，往往急于簽署某些東西，當(dāng)然，在這種情況下，如果客戶急于簽署的是有特別申明的意向書(shū)，這也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向書(shū)并非合同，只是雙方為了更好地溝通協(xié)商，而擬定的對(duì)未來(lái)?xiàng)l款的概述。類(lèi)似意向書(shū)的范例見(jiàn)附錄C。

Writing that First Word

第二部分：開(kāi)始起草合同

7.Start with a simple, generic contract form.The form in Appendix A is such a form.It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract.Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.7.從簡(jiǎn)單、典型的合同入手。附錄A就是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單、典型的合同，它提供了一個(gè)合同的基本支架。像房子一樣，一個(gè)合同必須有一個(gè)牢固的根基。

8.State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph.As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts.For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc.For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.8.在合同的第一段要寫(xiě)清楚雙方的名稱(chēng)。，這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而又不得不引起重視的問(wèn)題。如果是個(gè)人，要寫(xiě)清姓和名,中間有大寫(xiě)字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,M.D,等等；如果是公司，為避免弄錯(cuò)，寫(xiě)名稱(chēng)時(shí)可以到公司注冊(cè)地的相應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu)去核對(duì)一下。

9.Identify the parties by nicknames.Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read.For example, James W.Martin would be nicknamed “Martin.”

9.確定合同雙方的別稱(chēng)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)）。為便于閱讀，一般要在合同的第一段為雙方弄一個(gè)別稱(chēng)，如：將詹姆士.馬丁簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為“馬丁”。

10.Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames.Do not use “Contractor” as a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor.Do not use “Agent” unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.10.使用法定術(shù)語(yǔ)作為雙方當(dāng)事人的別稱(chēng)時(shí)，要小心。除非一方當(dāng)事人在法定上就是承包人，否則不要將“承包人”作為其別稱(chēng)。同樣，除非你想讓一方當(dāng)事人成為法定上的代理人，否則不要稱(chēng)其為“代理人”，如果堅(jiān)持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他可以避免將來(lái)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的方案。

11.Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph.Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed.It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the “December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate.”

11.在合同的第一段要為書(shū)寫(xiě)簽約時(shí)間留下空格。把簽約時(shí)間放在第一段，當(dāng)合同簽署后，你就能夠很容易地找到它，而且，這樣做還可以給你在其他相關(guān)文件中準(zhǔn)確地描述這個(gè)合同提供幫助，范例如：不動(dòng)產(chǎn)買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同，訂立于2000年12月20日

12.Include to provide background.Recitals are the “whereas” clauses that precede the body of a contract.They provide a simple way to bring the contract's reader(party, judge or jury)up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc.The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct.This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.12.書(shū)寫(xiě)引述語(yǔ)。引述語(yǔ)是指那些放在合同主體前面的“鑒于”條款。書(shū)寫(xiě)此類(lèi)條款的目的是為了讓讀者（通常指合同雙方，法官，陪審團(tuán)）很快地了解到合同的主要內(nèi)容是什么，合同雙方是誰(shuí)，以及他們?yōu)槭裁春炗喓贤?，等等。?dāng)然，合同主體的第一段也可以加上引述語(yǔ)并陳述其是真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確的，如果這樣做了，合同雙方將來(lái)就不會(huì)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)：引述語(yǔ)作為合同的一部分是否具有法律效力？

13.Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order.The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion.It is not necessary to write them all at once;you can write them as you think of them.Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs.For example, write an employment contract's initial paragraph headings like this: Recitals.Employment.Duties.Term.Compensation.13.按邏輯順序列出合同段落的標(biāo)題詞.合同的段落是按一定的邏輯順序組織起來(lái)的，當(dāng)然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的標(biāo)題詞，想到多少就寫(xiě)多少，不過(guò)，這些標(biāo)題詞要力求總結(jié)出每個(gè)段落或相關(guān)段落的內(nèi)容。比如：撰寫(xiě)勞動(dòng)合同時(shí)列出的標(biāo)題詞就像下面這些：

引述語(yǔ)

聘用

職責(zé)

期限

賠償

14.Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph.This is simple.You learned this in elementary school.Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.14.在撰寫(xiě)每一段時(shí)要注意內(nèi)容集中，不要東拉西扯，是的，這很簡(jiǎn)單，你可能上小學(xué)時(shí)就學(xué)過(guò)，但我還是要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分別說(shuō)明合同雙方同意做什么，不同意做什么。

15.Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add.It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract.Jot these down on a pad as you write;they are easily forgotten.Also keep your client's outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.15.放一個(gè)便箋簿在手邊，以便記下需要添加的條款。在書(shū)寫(xiě)合同的同時(shí)，你可能隨時(shí)會(huì)想到一些需要添加條款、措詞和問(wèn)題，要盡快記在便箋簿上，因?yàn)樗麄兲菀淄?。另外，你最好將客戶列出的要點(diǎn)和一些類(lèi)似的合同范本也放在眼前，以便在書(shū)寫(xiě)過(guò)程中隨時(shí)查對(duì)。

16.Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity.Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once;it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity.Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way.In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.16.除非是為了更清晰地說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，否則不要在合同中重復(fù)陳述某個(gè)內(nèi)容。將一個(gè)事實(shí)來(lái)回地說(shuō)很容易讓人模棱兩可。如果你將一個(gè)概念重復(fù)地解釋?zhuān)抢斫馄饋?lái)就更有困難。另外，如果你想通過(guò)一個(gè)例子來(lái)闡明一個(gè)難以理解的概念或規(guī)則時(shí)，一定要考慮到其所有的含義、這個(gè)例子的準(zhǔn)確性以及它和概念的相符性。

What to Watch Out for When Writing

第三部分：撰寫(xiě)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)

17.Title it “Contract.” Do not leave this one to chance.If your client wants a contract, call it a contract.A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled “Proposal” was not a contract even though signed by both parties.The lesson learned is, “Say what you mean.” If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word “Contract” in the title.17.標(biāo)題上注明“合同”兩字。不要為碰運(yùn)氣而忽略這個(gè)。如果你的客戶需要合同，就要注明是合同。一個(gè)仍在聯(lián)邦法院里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標(biāo)有“建議書(shū)”的文件并非合同。這給我們的教訓(xùn)就是，你怎么想，就應(yīng)該怎么說(shuō)。如果你想讓你的文件成為具有法律效力的合同，就要在標(biāo)題中注明“合同”字樣。

18.Write in short sentences.Short sentences are easier to understand than long ones.18.寫(xiě)短句子，因?yàn)槎叹渥颖乳L(zhǎng)句子讓人更容易理解。

19.Write in active tense, rather than passive.Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent.Example of active: “Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer.” Example of passive: “The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller.”

19.用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。相對(duì)而言，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子更簡(jiǎn)短，措詞更精練，表達(dá)更明白。還是讓我們來(lái)來(lái)看一個(gè)例子吧，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子：賣(mài)方將把此物賣(mài)給買(mǎi)方;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子：此物將被賣(mài)方賣(mài)給買(mǎi)方。

20.Don't use the word “biweekly.” It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week.The same applies to “bimonthly.” Instead, write “every other week” or “twice a week.” 20.不要用“雙周”之類(lèi)的詞，因?yàn)檫@有可能產(chǎn)生歧義----是兩周還是每隔一周？類(lèi)似的詞還有“雙月”,所以最好這樣寫(xiě):“兩周”或“每隔一周”。

21.Don't say things like “active termites and organisms”.Avoid ambiguity by writing either “active termites and active organisms” or “organisms and active termites.” When adding a modifier like “active” before a compound of nouns like “termites and organisms”, be sure to clarify whether you intend the modifier to apply to both nouns or just the first one.If you intend it to apply to both, use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun.If you intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one noun at the end of the list and the modifier directly in front of it.21.不要說(shuō)“活動(dòng)著的白蟻和有機(jī)體”之類(lèi)的話，為了避免模棱兩可，最好這樣寫(xiě)：“活動(dòng)著的白蟻和活動(dòng)著的有機(jī)體”或是“白蟻和活動(dòng)著的有機(jī)體”。當(dāng)一組名詞（如“白蟻和有機(jī)體”）前有一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)（如“活動(dòng)著的”）時(shí)，你一定要弄清楚這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)是修飾兩個(gè)名詞還是僅僅修飾第一個(gè)名詞。如果是修飾兩個(gè)詞，可以用排比的手法分別在這兩個(gè)詞之前加上修飾語(yǔ)，如果你只想修飾一個(gè)名詞，那么你就應(yīng)該把這個(gè)詞放在這組詞的最后，然后在它的前面加上修飾語(yǔ)。

22.Don't say “Lessor” and “Lessee.” These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped.Use “Landlord” and “Tenant” instead.The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B.This is where you can use your creativity to come up with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.22.不要說(shuō)“出租人”和“承租人”。這對(duì)一個(gè)租賃合同來(lái)說(shuō)是些不好的別稱(chēng)，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀妆活嵉够蛘叱霈F(xiàn)打印錯(cuò)誤?？梢杂谩胺繓|”和“房客”來(lái)代替他們。同樣，在合同中也不要說(shuō)留置權(quán)人和留置人，抵押權(quán)人和抵押人，保證人和被保證人，許可人和被許可人，當(dāng)事人A和當(dāng)事人B......到底怎么說(shuō)，這就要看你駕馭語(yǔ)言的能力了，不過(guò)，要把握的一條原則，即在整個(gè)合同中，對(duì)合同一方只能用一個(gè)別稱(chēng)。

23.Watch out when using “herein.” Does “wherever used herein” mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? Clarify this ambiguity if it matters.23.使用術(shù)語(yǔ)“本文（herein，也可譯為”“在這里”）時(shí)要當(dāng)心。為了避免含糊不清，使用“本文”時(shí)最好特別申明一下“本文”是指整個(gè)合同，還是指其所在的某一段落。

24.Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten(10).This will reduce the chance for errors.24.寫(xiě)數(shù)目時(shí)要文字和阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字并用，如：拾（10）。這將減少一些不經(jīng)意的錯(cuò)誤。

25.When you write “including” consider adding “but not limited to.” Unless you intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example.25.如果你想用“包括”這個(gè)詞，就要考慮在其后加上“但不限于.....”的分句。除非你能夠列出所有被包括的項(xiàng)，否則最好用“但不限于....”的分句，來(lái)說(shuō)明你只是想舉個(gè)例子。

26.Don't rely on the rules of grammar.The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal.The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules.Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous.Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and commas, then read it.Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.26.不要依賴(lài)于語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。那些你在學(xué)校里得到的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則并不是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的東西，因?yàn)橛袡?quán)力來(lái)解釋此合同的法官或陪審團(tuán)成員學(xué)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則可能和你學(xué)的不一樣，但不管學(xué)的是什么規(guī)則，撰寫(xiě)合同都要遵循一個(gè)基本原則：簡(jiǎn)潔、明確。檢測(cè)你寫(xiě)的東西是否達(dá)到這個(gè)要求有個(gè)好辦法，那就是去掉所有的句號(hào)和逗號(hào)，然后去讀它。在沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的情況下，選擇正確的詞語(yǔ)放在正確的位置上，這將使你寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西更簡(jiǎn)明，更流暢。

27.Don't be creative with words.Contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning.Contract writing is clear, direct and precise.Therefore, use common words and common meanings.Write for the common man and the common woman.27.不要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造詞語(yǔ)。合同文書(shū)不是創(chuàng)造性的作品，也就不能因?yàn)橐馑嫉募?xì)微差別而引起思考或爭(zhēng)論。合同文書(shū)應(yīng)該是清晰、直接而準(zhǔn)確的。因此，要使用普通的詞語(yǔ),表達(dá)普通的意思，為普通人撰寫(xiě)合同。

28.Be consistent in using words.If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as “goods” use that term throughout the contract;do not alternately call them “goods” and “items.” Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition.Don't worry about putting the reader to sleep;worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.28.用詞一致。在一份銷(xiāo)售合同中，如果你想用“貨物”來(lái)指整個(gè)合同的標(biāo)的物，就不要時(shí)而稱(chēng)它們?yōu)椤柏浳铩保瑫r(shí)而又改稱(chēng)它

們?yōu)椤爱a(chǎn)品”。保持用詞一致性比避免重復(fù)更加重要。不要擔(dān)心這會(huì)讓讀者打瞌睡；你應(yīng)該提防的是對(duì)方律師會(huì)因?yàn)楹磺宓暮贤鴮⒛愀嫔戏ㄍァ?/p>

29.Be consistent in grammar and punctuation.The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them.Be aware of such things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place commas after years and states, and similar variations in style.29.在文法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)上保持一致。你可能學(xué)過(guò)許多不同類(lèi)的文法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)規(guī)則，但在使用它們時(shí)最好保持一致。要特別注意句末的引號(hào)、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)之后的逗號(hào)以及文風(fēng)的相似性。

30.Consider including choice of law, venue selection, and attorneys fee clauses.If your contract gets litigated, you might as well give your client some “ammunition” for the fight.Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and C.30.可以在合同中加入準(zhǔn)據(jù)法、審判地、律師費(fèi)等條款。有了這些條款，一旦合同引起訴訟，你就已經(jīng)為了你的客戶打這場(chǎng)訴訟戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備了一些“彈藥”。類(lèi)似的條款見(jiàn)附錄A和B。

Write for the Judge and Jury

第四部分：要為法官和陪審團(tuán)考慮

31.Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman.If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.31.要假設(shè)合同的讀者是一個(gè)受過(guò)教育的外行,如果你書(shū)寫(xiě)的合同簡(jiǎn)明得連一個(gè)外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上，你也不用害怕。

32.Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes.Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning.The following are two sample clauses for defining terms: Wherever used in this contract, the word “Goods” shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this contract.Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten(10)frying pans, hereinafter called the “Goods.” 32.強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)合同術(shù)語(yǔ)可以這樣做：加上雙引號(hào)并將其開(kāi)頭的字母大寫(xiě)。將一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的開(kāi)頭字母大寫(xiě)表明你想讓它有一個(gè)特別的意思。下面有兩個(gè)定義術(shù)語(yǔ)的例子：

一.本合同中使用的“貨物”(“Goods”)是指買(mǎi)方已經(jīng)同意向賣(mài)方購(gòu)買(mǎi)的貨物;

二.本合同中買(mǎi)方同意向賣(mài)方購(gòu)買(mǎi)的拾（10）只平底鍋，即下文中的“貨物”(“Goods”)。

33.Define words when first used.Instead of writing a section of definitions at the beginning or end of a contract, consider defining terms and concepts as they first appear in the contract.This will make it easier for the reader to follow.33.第一次使用某個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)時(shí)就要下定義。定義合同術(shù)語(yǔ)不是在合同的開(kāi)頭，也不是在合同的結(jié)尾，而是在這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)第一次出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，這樣做，有利于讀者更好地理解合同。

34.Explain technical terms and concepts.Remember that the parties might understand technical jargon, but the judge and jury who interpret and apply the contract do not.Therefore, explain the contract's terms and concepts within the contract itself.Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.34.勤于解釋合同中的術(shù)語(yǔ)和概念。要記住合同雙方的當(dāng)事人可能會(huì)理解合同中某些專(zhuān)用術(shù)語(yǔ)，但法官和陪審團(tuán)卻可能一無(wú)所知。所以撰寫(xiě)合同時(shí)要讓合同自己為自己釋義。

Keep Your Client Informed While You Write

第五部分：書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)要常和你的客戶溝通

35.All contracts should come with a cover letter.This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.35.所有的合同都應(yīng)該有一封說(shuō)明書(shū)---用來(lái)告訴你的客戶如何使用和簽署合同。

36.Tell your client the ideas that come as you write.Many ideas will occur to you as you write: things that could go wrong with the deal, things that might happen in the future, things that happened in the past, ways to structure things better.Write these in your letter to the client.36.告訴客戶你在撰寫(xiě)過(guò)程中的一些想法。比如：哪些事情可能會(huì)隨著交易變得很遭，哪些事可能會(huì)在將來(lái)發(fā)生，哪些事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，哪些可以讓事情朝好的方向發(fā)展的方法.....你最好在給客戶的說(shuō)明書(shū)中都將這些都寫(xiě)上。

37.Inform your client of the risks.Writing a letter to the client as you write the contract is the perfect way to inform the client of the risks and rewards of entering into the contract.Frequently, problems do not become apparent until time is spent trying to word a contract.37.告訴客戶合同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所在。在撰寫(xiě)合同時(shí)，你最好向客戶說(shuō)訂立合同需要承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和能夠得到的利益。通常情況下，只要你花時(shí)間來(lái)起草合同，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪里。

What To Do After the First Draft Is Written

第六部分：完成初稿后做什么

38.Check spelling, paragraph numbering, and cross references both manually and with your word processor's sp

elling and grammar checker.This almost goes without saying today, especially since Microsoft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type.(Unfortunately it also changes “per stirpes” to “per stupid” if you fail to watch it closely.)And now there are even computer programs that check contract documents for undefined terms.DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offices, and DocProofReader is available for download for MS Word 97 and 2000.38.核實(shí)合同的拼寫(xiě)情況、段落序號(hào)以及上下文的注解，你可以自己手動(dòng)來(lái)做，也可以用文字編輯軟件中的拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法檢查功能來(lái)完成，特別是自從有了微軟的 word軟件后，做這樣的工作你似乎不要費(fèi)多少精力（但機(jī)器有時(shí)也不可靠，如果你不看仔細(xì)，它就會(huì)把“per stirpes”改變?yōu)?“per stupid”）。現(xiàn)在，這類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)的軟件甚至可以幫你檢測(cè)到合同中沒(méi)有釋義的術(shù)語(yǔ)，如：Corel公司專(zhuān)門(mén)為法律辦公開(kāi)發(fā)的文字處理軟件包中的 DealProof軟件，還有可供word97和word2000下載安裝的DocProofReader軟件。

39.Let your secretary or paralegal read it.Not only will your staff frequently find spelling and grammar errors missed by your word processor's spell checker, but they will find inconsistencies and confusing areas that you missed when drafting.39.讓你的秘書(shū)或者助手閱讀你草擬的合同。你的同事不僅能通過(guò)文字處理軟件來(lái)幫你檢查到你沒(méi)有查到的拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，而且他們還能發(fā)現(xiàn)你起草時(shí)沒(méi)有察覺(jué)到的矛盾和混淆之處。

40.Sta

第四篇：英文合同樣本

TIMBER SALE CONTRACT-SAMpLE

The following document offers excellent guidelines when preparing a timber sale contract.Separate articles may be added to suit specific circumstances.It is advised that the Seller and purchaser employ legal counsel to review the contract prior to its endorsement.Contract entered into this ______ day of _____, 20___., by and between __________ of _________ Illinois, hereinafter called the Seller, and _____________, of ____________(city), ___________(state), Illinois Timber Buyer License Number _______, hereinafter called the purchaser, WITNESSETH:

1.The Seller agrees to sell and the purchaser agrees to buy for the total sum of ________dollars($_______)under the conditions set forth in this contract all of the live standing timber marked or designated for cutting and all of the dead or down timber marked or designated upon an area of approximately _____ acres, situated in the _________ of Section ________, Twp._______ R._______, ____________ County, Illinois, on land owned and recorded in the name of _______________________.The purchaser further agrees to pay to the Seller as an initial payment under this contract the sum of _________________ dollars($_________), receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and a final payment in the sum of ________________ dollars($_______), prior to any cutting or removal of timber under this contract.2.The Seller further agrees to mark and dispose of the timber conveyed in this contract in strict accordance with the following conditions:

(a)All trees to be included in this sale will be marked with a distinctive mark on the bole and stump of each tree.(b)No trees under _____ inches in diameter at a point 4 1/2 feet from the ground will be marked for cutting.(c)No concurrent contract involving the area or period covered in this contract has been or will be entered into by the Seller without the written consent of the purchaser

(d)The purchaser and his employees shall have access to the area at all reasonable times and seasons for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this contract.(e)Unless otherwise specified, all material contained in the marked or designated trees is included in this sale

(f)

(g)

3.The purchaser further agrees to cut and remove all of the timber conveyed in this contract in strict accordance with the following conditions:

(a)Unless an extension of time is agreed upon in writing between the Seller and purchaser, all timber shall be paid for, cut, and removed on or before and none after the _____ day of _______, 20___, and any material not so removed shall revert to the Seller.(b)Unmarked trees and young timber shall be protected against unnecessary injury from felling and logging operations.If, however, unmarked trees are cut, damages shall be paid the Seller at the rate of $1 per tree per M bd.ft.for all other species, and in the event that any such trees are cut, said trees shall remain upon the premises and shall be the property of the Seller.(c)Necessary logging roads shall be cleared by the purchaser only after their locations have been definitely agreed upon with the Seller or his representative, and any trees to be removed in the clearing operations shall first be marked by the Seller.(d)During the life of this contract and on the area covered, care shall be exercised by the purchaser and his employees against the starting and spread of fire, and they shall do all in their power to prevent and control fires.(e)Any liability for damage, destruction, or restoration of private or public improvements or personal damages occasioned by or in the exercise of this contract shall be the sole responsibility of the purchaser, and the purchaser shall save harmless the Seller on account of such damages.(f)The risk if loss or damage to the trees herein purchased, from any and all causes whatever, shall be borne by purchasers from the date hereof.(g)The purchaser will not assign this agreement without the written consent of the Seller.(h)

(g)

(i)

4.The Seller and purchaser mutually agree as follows:

(a)All modifications of the contract will be reduced to writing, dated, signed, and witnessed and attached to this contract.(b)Any need for reassignment of interest of either party may be changed within 10 days following written consent by both parties.All terms of this contract legally bind the named representatives to excuse this document as written.(c)The total number of trees conveyed is _____(having a volume of approximately _____bd.ft.)composed as follows:

_______ white oak, _______ red and black oak, __________________, ____________________, ______________________, __________________.(d)In case of dispute over the terms of this contract, final decision shall rest with a reputable person to be mutually agreed upon the by parties to this contract.If the parties hereto do not agree upon a third party within 10 days following the initiation of the dispute, or in the case of further disagreement, then within 15 days from the initiation of the dispute, it shall be submitted to a Board of Arbitration of three persons, one to be selected by each party to this contract and the third to be selected by the other two.The Board shall decide the dispute within 5 days after the matter is referred to it.In the event that damages are awarded to the Seller by the Board of Arbitration and are not paid on the date that the award is made, then all operations of the purchaser shall immediately cease, and if the award is not paid or satisfied within 30 days after the date of award, the Seller may take immediate possession of the premises upon which the timber is located, shall retain as liquidated damages all money paid by the purchaser, and the title to all timber shall revert to and become the property of the seller.In witness whereof, the parties hereto have set their hands and seals this __________ day of ______________________ 20____.WITNESSES:

____________________________________________________________

for the purchaser purchaser

____________________________________________________________

for the Seller Seller

第五篇：英文合同

Sales Agreement

銷(xiāo) 售 協(xié) 議

Agreement No:---

This Agreement is made on this date as of June 01, 2011 , by and between the following Parties:

下列買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方經(jīng)友好協(xié)商，同意2011年 月日訂立本協(xié)議。

The Buyer 買(mǎi)方：BEIJING ZHONGYANG GLOBAL TUNACO.LTD.：北京中洋環(huán)球金槍魚(yú)有限公司

Address 地址：NO.200 Jingshun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing, China

中國(guó)北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)京順路200號(hào)

Tel 電話：86-10-89669988 Fax 傳真： 86-10-6435 9456

The Seller 賣(mài)方：

Address 地址:

Tel 電話：

Fax 傳真：

Consignee and Payer are appointed by the Buyer as below for the time being.The Buyer should inform the Seller in written form if any change of consignee or payer.買(mǎi)方目前指定的收貨人和付款人如下。若收貨人或付款人有變動(dòng)，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)以書(shū)面形式通知賣(mài)方。

… Page 1/5 …

The Consignee 收貨人：BEIJING ZHONGYANG GLOBAL TUNA CO.LTD.北京中洋環(huán)球金槍魚(yú)有限公司

Address 地址：NO.200 Jingshun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)京順路200號(hào)

Tel 電話：86-10-89669988 Fax 傳真： 86-10-6435 9456

The Payer 付款人：BEIJING ZHONGYANG GLOBAL TUNACO.LTD

北京中洋環(huán)球金槍魚(yú)有限公司

Address 地址：NO.200 Jingshun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)京順路200號(hào)

Tel 電話：86-10-89669988 Fax 傳真： 86-10-6435 9456

Whereas, the Buyer contemplates to import the agreed products and holds all necessary permits for this kind of importation, and the Seller has the capacity to provide these products.買(mǎi)方需要進(jìn)口協(xié)商確定的產(chǎn)品并具有進(jìn)口該類(lèi)產(chǎn)品所需的所有許可；賣(mài)方具有以供應(yīng)該類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的能力。

Therefore, the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned Product during the period of this Agreement according to the terms and conditions stated below:

為此，買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方同意在本協(xié)議有效期內(nèi)按照以下的條款購(gòu)買(mǎi)/供應(yīng)下述產(chǎn)品：

1.PRODUCT & PRICE 產(chǎn)品及價(jià)格

Product 產(chǎn)品：------------Frozen Tuna(---------)冷凍金槍魚(yú)

COMMODITYGRADENET/CTNQ’TYUNIT PRICEAMOUNT 品 名等級(jí)單箱凈重?cái)?shù)量單價(jià)(CFR 新港)總價(jià)

Origin 產(chǎn)地：

… Page 2/5 …

Negotiated and agreed according to market price per season and the Buyer confirmed in written form of Purchase order(See Annex One).The Seller confirmed in form of Invoice.參照市場(chǎng)行情價(jià)格每季度協(xié)商確定。買(mǎi)方以定單（參見(jiàn)附件一）的書(shū)面形式確認(rèn)價(jià)格及數(shù)量，賣(mài)方以發(fā)票形式確認(rèn)價(jià)格及數(shù)量。

2.INSURANCE : TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER

3.保險(xiǎn)由賣(mài)方負(fù)擔(dān)。

3.PURCHASE ORDER 訂貨單

During the Period of this Agreement, as for each shipment, the Buyer should contact in advance with the Seller on the quantity, delivery time and other particulars of this shipment, and based on the consultation results, issue a written Purchase Order to the Seller, stating the quantity, unit price and delivery time and other particulars agreed by the Seller.The Seller shall arrange the shipment as agreed and issue an invoice to the Buyer.在本協(xié)議期內(nèi)，對(duì)于每批貨，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)事先與賣(mài)方就數(shù)量、交貨時(shí)間及其它特定條件進(jìn)行洽談。

在賣(mài)方認(rèn)可這些條件后，買(mǎi)方應(yīng)向賣(mài)方發(fā)送注明數(shù)量、交貨時(shí)間及其它特定條件的訂貨單。賣(mài)方應(yīng)按照訂貨單的要求安排發(fā)貨并開(kāi)具銷(xiāo)售發(fā)票。

The Purchase Order will be prepared by the Buyer.Its format is enclosed as Annex One of this Agreement and shall be adopted by the Buyer.買(mǎi)方應(yīng)使用并填寫(xiě)本協(xié)議附件一所示的訂貨單。

4.DELIVERY TERMS 發(fā)貨條款

CFR XINGANG

Period of shipment：

The specific time for each shipment will be showed on the purchase order and should be determined when the Seller receives the Buyer’s purchase order.發(fā)貨期：

具體交貨日期會(huì)顯示在訂貨單上，并應(yīng)在賣(mài)方接到買(mǎi)方的訂貨單后確定。Transportation 運(yùn)輸方式：By sea container海運(yùn)

The seller will provide the completed documents required by Buyer and conform to the law of CIQ and china customs.賣(mài)方所提供的單據(jù)必須齊全,并符合中國(guó)有關(guān)法律。

… Page 3/

55.PAYMENT TERMS 付款方式

The Buyer should pay byT/T ：15 days after declaration of the goods by the buyer and T/T to the account of the seller.買(mǎi)方應(yīng)在其收到貨后15天之內(nèi)將貨款付給賣(mài)方

6.收款人賬號(hào)信息:

INFORMATION OF BANK ACCOUNT OF THE SELLER:

7.CLAIMS 索賠條款

The products must be checked upon delivery.Claims due to quality of the Tuna must be made in

written immediately and for maximum 7 days after delivery.Tuna subject to claim must not be resold

without Agreement.The seller should issue credit note for the claim within 1 month after claim.買(mǎi)方應(yīng)在貨物運(yùn)抵后即刻檢查貨物的狀態(tài)。對(duì)于提出索賠的貨物，買(mǎi)方不得在未經(jīng)賣(mài)方許可的情況下銷(xiāo)售。賣(mài)方在接到買(mǎi)方提交的索賠報(bào)告后，應(yīng)在1個(gè)月內(nèi)開(kāi)具索賠通知單。

The Invoiced amount must always be paid in full as agreed.Deduction from an invoice can only be

done if the Seller has issued a credit note.只有賣(mài)方開(kāi)具索賠通知單（Credit Note）的情況下，買(mǎi)方才可沖抵發(fā)票金額。否則，發(fā)票金額必須全額支付。

8.CONFIDENTIALITY 保密條款

Both parties are obliged not to publish the content of this Agreement, also including cases of

disagreement, to competitors, press, TV etc.and not to disclose any content of this Agreement to any

other third party unless the PRC laws and regulations require otherwise.買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方都不得以任何形式向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手、新聞媒體及任何第三方透露本協(xié)議中的內(nèi)容，除非中國(guó)的法律和法規(guī)要求如此。

9.PERIOD OF AGREEMENT 協(xié)議期限

The period of this Agreement is June 2011 – Dec.2011

本協(xié)議有效期為自------

… Page 4/5 …

10.TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT 協(xié)議的解除

One Party has the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally prior to the expiry of this Agreement

if any of the above terms/conditions are breached by the other Party.The unilateral termination will

take effect when a written notice has been duly issued to the default Party.若協(xié)議一方有任何違反上述條款的行為，則另一方有權(quán)在協(xié)議到期前單方解除協(xié)議。當(dāng)違約方收到另一方解除協(xié)議的書(shū)面通知時(shí)，本協(xié)議自動(dòng)失效。

The Termination of this Agreement will not relieve the default Party of any responsibility and

obligations under this Agreement which has occurred prior to termination of this Agreement.本協(xié)議的終止并不免除違約方在協(xié)議終止前、協(xié)議中規(guī)定的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。

11.DISPUTE RESOLUTION 爭(zhēng)議的解決

Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Agreement which cannot be amicably settled

between the parties, shall be submitted to No.2 Intermediate People’s Court of Beijing for hearing.If

the disputed amount is too low to meet the acceptance criterion of the above said Court, the dispute

shall be submitted to People’s Court of Beijing Chaoyang District for resolution.任何有關(guān)本協(xié)議的爭(zhēng)議或糾紛應(yīng)先通過(guò)友好協(xié)商解決。若協(xié)商仍無(wú)法解決，則應(yīng)提交北京市第二中級(jí)人民法院審理。若標(biāo)的不足以達(dá)到上述法院的受理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則應(yīng)遞交北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)人民法院受理。

Buyer：Beijing Zhongyang Global TunaCo.Ltd.買(mǎi)方：北京中洋環(huán)球金槍魚(yú)有限公司

For & On behalf of:

授權(quán)代表

Seller:

賣(mài)方：

For & On behalf of :

授權(quán)代表：

… Page 5/5 …