第一篇：新托福寫作中常見的問題

官方網(wǎng)站：

新托福寫作中常見的問題

新托福綜合寫作題目中，給出的閱讀和聽力材料，特別是聽力材料，考生需要再很短的時間內(nèi)把握其重點(diǎn)信息和論證方法，這是托福綜合寫作技巧的第一個難點(diǎn)。但由于涉及的題材都是一些學(xué)術(shù)的文章和報道，所以在歸納方面還是有一定的規(guī)律可循，考生如能掌握以下的重點(diǎn)并多加練習(xí)，必能攻破這一難關(guān)。首先，閱讀方面。閱讀的部分往往來源于一些學(xué)術(shù)類的文章，因此其內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)往往都有很好的邏輯性和完整性，往往文章的首句會提出文章的談?wù)摫尘昂蛯ο?，并緊跟其后提出文章的主題，而接下來的文字則會圍繞這個主題展開一些細(xì)節(jié)性的話題。

同時，關(guān)于文章的內(nèi)容信息提取。文章的最后一段也會有重點(diǎn)的觀點(diǎn)和信息，也是考生重點(diǎn)要把握的部分。而在段落中間，一般情況下，學(xué)術(shù)類文章采取歸納式(先進(jìn)行論證或舉例子后總結(jié)觀點(diǎn))和討論式(以主題句開頭后面進(jìn)行論證)的模式，同時考生應(yīng)該要多注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因果關(guān)系和總結(jié)性的連接詞，把握了這一些內(nèi)容，對于考生掌握閱讀材料的重點(diǎn)信息和結(jié)構(gòu)有很大的幫助。

其次，聽力材料的處理。對于聽力材料，這是新托福綜合類寫作過程中的難點(diǎn)，但考生在已經(jīng)理解了閱讀材料的基礎(chǔ)上，對于聽力材料的主題就已經(jīng)有了一定的把握，因此考生需要將聽力的重點(diǎn)放在判斷聽力文章的觀點(diǎn)和閱讀文章的觀點(diǎn)的比較上，是互相支持還是互相對立，支持或?qū)α⒌挠^點(diǎn)分別用哪些論證手段還實(shí)例來證明。

第二篇：2009新托福寫作機(jī)經(jīng)

2009年新托福寫作機(jī)經(jīng)

ps: 紅色的部分是重復(fù)以往的，黃色部分是在中國考試的題目，剩余部分是在北美考試的題目。

1月10日（U.S）

Improving schools is the most important factor in successful development of country.1月10日(重復(fù)2008.12.20&2007.12.1)

People should pay to use public transport facilities.1月17日(U.S)

The advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits.1月18日

It is important for families to regularly eat their meals together.1月23日

Young people should try different job before they decide which job or career they will do in the long term.2月14日（U.S）

Becoming well-informed must get information from different news sources.2月21日（U.S）

Newspapers and magazines are the best way of learning about a foreign country.2月22日

The purpose of television should be all educative, not entertain.2月27日（U.S）

A job with more vacation time is better than a job with high salary but less vacation time.2月28日

Teachers should be paid at least as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders are paid.3月7日

It's better to use own knowledge and experience to solve question, or ask other people for advice？

3月14日（重復(fù)08.12.13&07.5.18）

It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than to save money for the future.3月21日（U.S）

Do you think success is important, or it is more important to remain happy and optimistic when you fail？

3月22日（似08.5.10 那題是重視藝術(shù)還是競技體育）

Governments should focus more on the preservation of environment rather than economic development.3月28日

Do you agree or disagree: teacher should make their social or political views known to students? 3月29日（U.S）（重復(fù)07.8.4)

In 20 years from now on, students will not use printed books anymore.4月3日

The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers' salary.5月9日

In order to become a financially responsible adult, people should be taught how to manage money at a early age.5月15日（U.S）

Professional athletes such as football players should earn much more money.5月16日(重復(fù)07.10.17)

University students should learn one more course of the culture of a country rather than their own.5月30日（U.S）

Younger school children(ages five to ten)should be required to study art and music in addition to math language, science and history.5月31日（重復(fù)07.11.24）

People will spend less time on cooking food.6月5日（重復(fù)08.6.22）

The most effective method of improving health care is to reduce environmental problems.6月7日（重復(fù)08.8.2 U.S）

People will have more leisure time in twenty years.6月12日（U.S）

Should university student do part-time job?

6月13日（似08.8.9 U.S那題考science class）

All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study in.6月21日

Technology make people's lives simpler in turn to make people's lives more complicated.6月27日

For future career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school?

7月12日（重復(fù)07.1.14）

Drivers should pay a certain amount of fees so that they can be permitted to drive out in traffic busy time.7月25日

Being creative，rather than planning carefully，will come up with best solution to a problem.8月2日（重復(fù)08.1.18）

People will feel happier when they finish a challenging or difficult work than they finish an easy work.8月8日（重復(fù)07.10.28）

Teachers should be paid according to how well their students perform.8月22日

It is better to achieve high efficiency with more mistakes or lower efficiency with fewer mistakes.9月12日

Children should only study or play and don't have to do household chores.9月19日（U.S）

Government should more support art museum and music performance than recreational facilities, such as swimming pool or play ground.9月20日

People in the past were more friendly than they are now.10月10日（重復(fù)08.8.2）

People nowadays more easily achieve success than in the past.10月17日（U.S）

Movies and televisions should always show audience good people are being rewarded and bad people are being punished.10月24日（重復(fù)09.6.12）

It is better for parents to encourage their children to take a part-time job.10月25日

Visiting museums is the best way to learn about a country.10月31日（U.S）

It is often not a good thing to move to a new city or a new country because ofthe lose of old friends.11月1日（重復(fù)07.8.17）

Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age.11月7日（U.S）

For successful development of a country, a government should focus its budget more onyoung children 's education rather than on universities.11月8日（重復(fù)08.6.21）

Good looks and dresses are more important for success than good ideas.11月13日（U.S）

It is better to invite more people to hold a big party rather than a small one with fewer close friends and family members.11月21日（U.S）

Parents should give money to praise their child for high marks in school.11月22日

People buy things not because they need them but because other people have them.12月4日（U.S）

People should buy things made in their own country, even if the price of the products is higher than that of the same things made somewhere else.12月5日

As for young people, the ability to plan and organize is essential.12月11日（U.S）

Parents do not understand their children so well as parents did 50 years ago.12月12日（完全重復(fù)前一天北美的）

Parents do not understand their children so well as parents did 50 years ago.12月19日（U.S）

People would be happier if they had fewer possessions.12月20日

The ability to read and write is more important now than in the past.

第三篇：Eylxzpa新托福寫作總結(jié)

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懶惰是很奇怪的東西，它使你以為那是安逸，是休息，是福氣；但實(shí)際上它所給你的是無聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剝奪你對前途的希望，割斷你和別人之間的友情，使你心胸日漸狹窄，對人生也越來越懷疑。

—

新托福寫作總結(jié)

1.認(rèn)識題目：形式和本質(zhì)，題庫的設(shè)計原則和分類以及測試的語言技能

articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively

examine claims and accompanying evidence

support ideas with relevant reasons and examples

sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion

control the elements of standard written English

1)陳述問題和現(xiàn)象的語言能力

2)表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)

3)對觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行支持，否定，綜合評價的語言技能，包括對推理過程和邏輯的分析

4)分析現(xiàn)象存在的原因

5)表達(dá)一件事物或事件的利弊和綜合影響的多元化思維和表達(dá)能力

6)考生觀點(diǎn)不作為評判依據(jù)，但是提出觀點(diǎn)的視角以及分析問題的能力是語言表達(dá)的前提基礎(chǔ)，所以是訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)，也是考試測試的重點(diǎn)

2.理解宗旨；托福寫作考試的目的——邏輯和論證

3.寫作的評分體系

作文考試的形式

1.閱讀+聽記+寫作20分鐘 字?jǐn)?shù) 150-225

閱讀材料為給定的觀點(diǎn)加上對觀點(diǎn)的支持信息，比如使用事實(shí)事例或者邏輯的分析，而聽力內(nèi)容是對閱讀材料進(jìn)行支持或者否定，否定批駁為主，考生需要把握聽力中話語人對閱讀材料的切入點(diǎn)，以及話語人如何表達(dá)懷疑，否定等。作為測試的評分重點(diǎn)在于

1)聽力內(nèi)容所有重點(diǎn)信息的全面與否

2)閱讀內(nèi)容信息和聽力內(nèi)容的相關(guān)聯(lián)

3)語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確

2.獨(dú)立寫作論文30分鐘字?jǐn)?shù)最少300單詞

獨(dú)立寫作的入手方式（閱讀官方指南287頁）

1.題目中關(guān)鍵詞語的定義予以質(zhì)疑和分析

2.按照命題給定的二分體系論證

3.總體抽象的入局

4.細(xì)節(jié)和個性的處理

5.對命題給定的紛爭予以具體界定，提出綜合多元思維

The task allows considerable latitude in the way you respond to the claim.Although it is important that you address the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish.For example, you might

1)agree absolutely with the claim,2)disagree completely,3)or agree with some parts and not others

4)question the assumptions the statement seems to be making

5)qualify any of its terms, especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue

6)point out why the claim is valid in some situations but not in others

7)evaluate points of view that contrast with your own perspective

8)develop your position with reasons that are supported by several relevant examples or by a single extended example

作文的評分體系

官方指南288頁閱讀，提出要點(diǎn)

1)detailed discussion

2)unified

3)coherent

4)varied sentence structure

5)not high-level vocabulary but word choice is correct

6)minor errors

7)the flow of meanings

講解：

1.300單詞（大約15-20句子）的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)布局

2.何謂on-topic /off-topic

3.句子的銜接技術(shù)和藝術(shù)

4.句法結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和復(fù)雜程度

5.小詞的理念（OG280頁173題 借錢和友誼——如何使用高中詞匯寫出滿分作文？）

6.思維的藝術(shù)和美的探索

什么是完美的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)布局？

Introduction 導(dǎo)入段落的功能和內(nèi)容

得分印象形成的關(guān)鍵

常見的錯誤（現(xiàn)場寫作269頁第29題：人類活動和地球爭論）

應(yīng)該寫什么內(nèi)容？

多少句子，多少單詞？(1-3個句子，字?jǐn)?shù)在30-80左右)

常用的容易掌握的寫作開頭方式學(xué)習(xí)：

1)問題 + 觀點(diǎn)

2)觀點(diǎn)

3)正反觀點(diǎn)+選擇

4)現(xiàn)象+問題+觀點(diǎn)

5)觀點(diǎn)+ 反駁

6)觀點(diǎn)+ 支持

main body

2-4段落

每段字?jǐn)?shù)和句子數(shù)量 100-150 單詞左右，大概5-8個句子

段落的節(jié)本結(jié)構(gòu)：三層次理論

段落內(nèi)部的銜接技術(shù)

段落的總分結(jié)構(gòu)體系

段落內(nèi)部的句法轉(zhuǎn)變

詞的選擇

段落寫作學(xué)習(xí)的方法：

conclusion

1-3個句子

寫作訓(xùn)練的基本方法：

1.上我的課

2.翻譯

3.背誦

4.寫日記

開頭例文：

地球也許并不是為了人類生存才存在并且也許它原本不是今天這個樣子的。人類在地球迄今為止上的所有活動無不對地球的健康產(chǎn)生了影響。至于這些影響到底是使地球變得更適于生存還是對地球造成了破壞則是一個永恒無法絕對回答的爭議。

The earth perhaps does not exist for human beings to survive and thrive on it and it was, surely, not what it is today.（24words）All human activities on the earth have changed the landscape and exerted impacts on the health of the earth.Have the human activities harmed the earth? Or have the earth has changed a better place to live? The answers to these questions will vary considerably as time goes on and on.總計75 words，如果去掉首句24單詞，文章開頭依然成立，并且不失分。則構(gòu)成典型的（現(xiàn)象+ 問題 + 觀點(diǎn)）開頭風(fēng)格。文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)非常明確，屬于典型的中立寫作布局開。280頁173道題目：借錢和友誼的論證

小詞的價值

To borrow money from a friend has little to do with the maintenance of friendship because friendship depends less on money than on the love, honesty, and understanding between them.That is to say to borrow money will make the friendship stronger and closer if they love and understand each other.In this case, friendship will go on and on and on.However, without the love and mutual understanding friendship will be one day gone with the wind.Therefore it is clear that love and understanding is the very basis(foundation)of friendship which has been(figuratively)described as the light on the earth and the salt in the world.Money, on the contrary, is no.段落內(nèi)部的銜接分析 下文選自大英百科

Social resources are similarly an indispensable prerequisite to a successful innovation.Many inventions have foundered because the social resources vital for their realization—the capital, materials, and skilled personnel—were not available.The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci are full of ideas for helicopters, submarines, and airplanes, but few of these reached even the model stage because resources of one sort or another were lacking.The resource of capital involves the existence of surplus productivity and an organization capable of directing the available wealth into channels in which the inventor can use it.The resource of materials involves the availability of appropriate metallurgical, ceramic, plastic, or textile substances that can perform whatever functions a new invention requires of them.The resource of skilled personnel implies the presence of technicians capable of constructing new artifacts and devising novel processes.A society, in short, has to be well primed with suitable resources in order to sustain technological innovation

段落的學(xué)習(xí)：翻譯練習(xí)作業(yè) 下文選自大英百科

OG273頁81題 關(guān)于人和技術(shù)

The technological dilemma

二分法思維訓(xùn)練 on the one hand?on the other hand

正反訓(xùn)練rather

因果關(guān)系 and so?

Whatever the responses to modern technology, there can be no doubt that it presents

contemporary society with a number of immediate problems that take the form of a traditional choice of evils, so that it is appropriate to regard them as constituting a “technological dilemma.” This is the dilemma between, on the one hand, the overdependence of life in the advanced industrial countries on technology, and, on the other hand, the threat that technology will destroy the quality of life in modern society and even endanger society itself.Technology thus confronts Western civilization with the need to make a decision, or rather, a series of decisions, about how to use the enormous power available to society constructively rather than destructively.The need to control the development of technology, and so to resolve the dilemma, by regulating its application to creative social objectives, makes it ever more necessary to define these objectives while the problems presented by rapid technological growth can still be solved.總分結(jié)構(gòu)的訓(xùn)練

These problems, and the social objectives related to them, may be considered under three broad headings.First is the problem of controlling the application of nuclear technology.Second is the population problem, which is twofold: it seems necessary to find ways of controlling the dramatic rise in the number of human beings and, at the same time, to provide food and care for the people already living on the Earth.Third, there is the ecological problem, whereby the products and wastes of technical processes have polluted the environment and disturbed the balance of natural forces of regeneration.When these basic problems have been reviewed it will be possible, finally, to consider the effect of technology on life in town and countryside, and to determine the sort of judgments about technology and society to which a study of the history of technology leads.Nuclear technology

The solution to the first problem, that of controlling nuclear technology, is primarily political.At its root is the anarchy of national self-government, for as long as the world remains divided into a multiplicity of nation-states, or even into two power blocs, each committed to the defense of its own sovereign power to do what it chooses, nuclear weapons merely replace the older weapons by which such nation-states have maintained their independence in the past.The availability of a nuclear armoury has emphasized the weaknesses of a world political system based upon sovereign nation-states.Here, as elsewhere, technology is a tool that can be used creatively or destructively.But the manner of its use depends entirely on human decisions, and in this matter of nuclear self-control the decisions are those of governments.There are other aspects of the problem of nuclear technology, such as the disposal of radioactive waste and the quest to harness the energy released by fusion, but although these are important issues in their own right, they are subordinate to the problem of the use of nuclear weapons in warfare.Population explosion

Assuming that the use of nuclear weapons can be averted, world civilization will have to come to grips with the population problem in the next few decades if life is to be tolerable on planet Earth in the 21st century.The problem can be tackled in two ways, both drawing on the resources of modern technology.In the first place, efforts may be made to limit the rate of population increase.Medical technology, which, through new drugs and other techniques, has provided a powerful impulse to the increase of population, also offers means of controlling this increase

through contraceptive devices and through painless sterilization procedures.Again, technology is a tool that is neutral in respect to moral issues about its own use, but it would be futile to deny that artificial population control is inhibited by powerful moral constraints and taboos.Some reconciliation of these conflicts is essential, however, if stability in world population is to be satisfactorily achieved.Perhaps the experience of China, already responsible for one-quarter of the world's population, is instructive here: in an attempt to prevent the population growth from exceeding the ability of the country to sustain the existing standards of living, the government imposed a “one-child family” campaign in the 1970s, which is maintained by draconian social controls.In the second place, even the most optimistic program of population control can hope to achieve only a slight reduction in the rate of increase by the end of the 20th century, so that an alternative approach must be made simultaneously in the shape of an effort to increase the world's production of food.Technology has much to contribute at this point, both in raising the

productivity of existing sources of food supply by improved techniques of agriculture and better types of grain and animal stock, and in creating new sources of food by making the deserts fertile and by systematically farming the riches of the oceans.There is enough work here to keep engineers and food technologists busy for many generations.Ecological balance

The third major problem area of modern technological society is that of preserving a healthy environmental balance.Though man has been damaging his environment for centuries by overcutting trees and farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in

population and in the intensity of industrialization are promoting a worldwide ecological crisis.This includes the dangers involved in destruction of the equatorial rain forests, the careless exploitation of minerals by open-mining techniques, and the pollution of the oceans by radioactive waste and of the atmosphere by combustion products.These include oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, which produce acid rain, and carbon dioxide, which may affect the world's climate through the so-called greenhouse effect.It was the danger of indiscriminate use of pesticides such as DDT after World War II that first alerted opinion in advanced Western countries to the delicate nature of the world's ecological system, presented in a trenchant polemic by the U.S.science writer Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring(1962);this was followed by a spate of warnings about other possibilities of ecological disaster.The great public concern about pollution in the advanced nations is both overdue and welcome.Once more, however, it needs to be said that the fault for this waste-making abuse of technology lies with man himself rather than with the tools he uses.For all his intelligence, man in communities behaves with a lack of respect for his environment that is both short-sighted and potentially suicidal.Technological society

Much of the 19th-century optimism about the progress of technology has dispersed, and an increasing awareness of the technological dilemma confronting the world makes it possible to offer a realistic assessment of the role of technology in shaping society at the end of the 20th century.Interactions between society and technology

In the first place, it can be clearly recognized that the relationship between technology and society is complex.Any technological stimulus can trigger a variety of social responses, depending on such unpredictable variables as differences between human personalities;similarly,no specific social situation can be relied upon to produce a determinable technological response.Any “theory of invention,” therefore, must remain extremely tentative, and any notion of a “philosophy” of the history of technology must allow for a wide range of possible interpretations.A major lesson of the history of technology, indeed, is that it has no precise predictive value.It is frequently possible to see in retrospect when one particular artifact or process had reached obsolescence while another promised to be a highly successful innovation, but at the time such historical hindsight is not available and the course of events is indeterminable.In short, the complexity of human society is never capable of resolution into a simple identification of causes and effects driving historical development in one direction rather than another, and any attempt to identify technology as an agent of such a process is unacceptable.

第四篇：托福寫作

Agree or disagree A university should focus more on its facilities, computers or laboratory, rather than on hiring famous teachers

Nowadays, highly education has been attached more important than before.A argue that school facilities should pay more attention than professor lecture.From my perspective, although such hardware like computer centers and science lab provide some benefits to university students, university depends on quality of stuff.Admittedly, a school equipped with great facilities is more appealing the applicants.The reason is that it can make study easier.A bright library offers such a quiet condition for knowledge absorption;a computer center provides a self-govern ways to study;a science lab make student get more practice about miracles.However, this factors become less considerate when it comes to the quality of the professors.For one thing, not only do famous teachers can impart the knowledge, but instill the angle that to solve the problem.To pass on knowledge, a human is no better than a machine or a high-tech tool.The difference lies in the

special ways to get the solutions and the potential inspiration by the former.Take my favorite teacher for example, she often shows us some different way to solve the difficulties.And then she tells us the angle to work out the problem.As for me, it was not until her explanation, that I know about the easier way to work the problem.That is something that high-tech can barely achieve.For another, universities with qualified teachers tend to have higher graduate employment.It is not hard to imagine that a teacher with connections can bring more opportunity to get internship.As an old saying goes, knowledge starts with practice.It is still true now.Students who swamped in labs, would never face the brutal fact that you need a window for people to see what you’ve got.In this way, a well-connect professor can open that for you, instead of lifeless labs.In conclusion, though facilities could promote learning, but it fail to generate more practical merits to students.Recruit more qualified teacher should be paid more attention and stress.

第五篇：托福寫作中的諺語

托福寫作模板中的諺語

托福寫作模板中有很多經(jīng)典的句子，在忙于考試的同時，可以收集作為自己的東西，1.Fish

(1)The best fish swim near the bottom.好魚常在水底游。

(2)Never offer to teach fish to swim.不要班門弄斧。

(3)Go to the sea, if you would fish well.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

(4)There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it.海里的好魚多的是。

(5)It is a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait.智者不上兩次檔。

(6)If water is noisy, there are no fish in it.咆哮的水中無魚。(夸夸其談?wù)邿o真才實(shí)學(xué)。)。

2.Hare

(1)You cannot run with the hare and hunt with the hounds(獵狗).不能既和野兔一起跑又和獵狗一起追。(人不應(yīng)兩面討好。)

(2)The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping.兔子睡懶覺，烏龜跑贏了。

3.Horse

(1)You can take a horse to the water, but you can’t make him drink.帶馬到河邊容易，逼馬飲水難。

(2)Don’t ride the high horse.勿擺架子。

(3)A good horse cannot be of a bad colour.好馬不會毛色差。

(4)A horse may stumble on four feet.馬有四條腿，亦有失蹄時。

(5)A running horse needs no spur.奔馬無需鞭策。

(6)Don’t put the cart before the horse.不要將大車套在馬前面。(處理問題應(yīng)按先后次序，不要本末倒置。)

(7)The common horse is worst shod.公用之馬，掌子最差。

(8)Lock the barn door after the horse is stolen.失馬之后鎖馬廄。(亡羊補(bǔ)牢)

(9)Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.饋贈之馬，勿看牙口。

(10)Hair by hair you will pull out the horse’s tail.一根一根拔，拔光馬尾巴。(水滴石穿).Mouse

(1)It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.狡兔三窟。

(2)The mouse that has but one hole is quickly taken.只有一個洞的老鼠，很快就被抓住。

(3)A speck of mouse dung will spoil a whole pot of porridge.一粒老鼠屎，壞了一鍋粥。

5.Sheep

(1)If one sheep leaps over the ditch, all the rest will follow.榜樣的力量是無窮的。

(2)A lazy sheep thinks its wool heavy.懶羊嫌毛重。

(3)He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘心做綿羊，必然喂豺狼。

6.Swallow

(1)One swallow does not make a spring.孤燕不報春。

(2)One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。

7.Tiger

(1)If you don’t enter a tiger’s den, you can’t get his cubs.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

8.Wolf

(1)Don’t trust a goat with the kitchen-garden,or a wolf with sheepfold.不能請羊管菜園，不能請狼管羊圈。

(2)Who keeps company with wolves, will learn to howl.和狼在一起，就會學(xué)狼叫。

(3)Man is a wolf to man.人對人是狼。(人心狠，人吃人)

(4)A growing youth has a wolf in his belly.年輕人，在成長，吃起飯來像餓狼以上就是托福寫作模板中一些經(jīng)典的諺語，考生們要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)記憶，在寫作中發(fā)揮運(yùn)用。