第一篇：電大本科英語作文整理

（4）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage on the topic My Home.You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below.1． 描述你家的位置

2． 各個(gè)房間的功能

3． 表達(dá)你對你們家居條件的態(tài)度

參考范文：

My Home

1.My home is a newly-built house in the north of the city.We have three rooms in addition to the kitchen and bathroom.我的家是一個(gè)新建的房子在城市的北邊。我們有除了廚房和衛(wèi)生間有3間房間。

2.The first room is the main room or living room.It is for having meals, relaxing, reading, watching television and so on.It is the busiest room in the house.The second room is my daughter’s bedroom.She sleeps and dresses there.The third room belongs to my wife and me.It seems quite spacious because we have little furniture.We sleep, prepare lessons and generally relax there.第一個(gè)房間是一個(gè)主要生活間或者說是客廳。這是用來吃飯、休息、讀書、看電視或者其他一些活動的地方。這是房子里最忙的房間。第二個(gè)房間是我女兒的臥室。她在里面睡覺、換衣服。第三個(gè)房間屬于我的妻子和我。它看起來相當(dāng)寬敞因?yàn)榧揖吆苌佟Ｎ覀冊诶锩鏈?zhǔn)備課程、普遍都在里面休息。

3.I think my home is cozy and I like my home.我覺得我的家很舒適，我喜歡我的家。

（5）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to a new friend, telling him/her about your ambitions and dreams.You should write at least 80 words and base your letter on the Chinese outline below.1.童年的夢想

2.目前的情況對未來的希望

參考范文：

5th January 2010

Dear Mary,Thank you for telling me about yourself.I’d like to let you know more about me too.親愛的Mary，謝謝你告訴我關(guān)于你的事情。我也想讓你更了解我。

1.As a child, I wanted to be a detective.I thought a detective was really great because he could solve criminal cases to do justice.從小，我就想變成一個(gè)偵探。我覺得一個(gè)偵探非常棒，因?yàn)樗芄降慕鉀Q刑事案件。

2.But my dream never came true.I’m now a librarian, dealing with books every day.The work is nothing thrilling, but I like it.但是我的夢想總不會實(shí)現(xiàn)。我現(xiàn)在是一位圖書管理員，每天都對著書本。工作上沒有令人興奮的，但我喜歡它。

3.Since there are more and more electronic materials, I hope that we will have an e-library built soon.自從有越來越多的電子科技，我希望我們很快的有一個(gè)電子圖書館。

Looking forward to hearing from you again.期待再收到你的來信。

Best wishes,Ian

（6）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic My Ideal Job.You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below.1.你理想的工作是什么

2.你的理由

3.如何實(shí)現(xiàn)你的理想

參考范文：

My Ideal Job

Everybody has his dream for his career in the future.He or she might want to be a teacher, a doctor, a scientist, a sportsman and so on.每個(gè)人都會夢想自己將來的事業(yè)。他或她可能想成為一位教師，一位醫(yī)生，一位科學(xué)家，一位運(yùn)動員或者其他。

1.To tell you the truth, my ideal job is in business.The idea came into being when I was a child.實(shí)話告訴你，我理想的工作是經(jīng)商。當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)有了這個(gè)想法。

2.With the development of market economy, there are many prosperous opportunities in

business.I like reading stories about some successful businessmen such as Bill Gates, Li Jiacheng, etc.I believe I will be a man like them some day.隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，在經(jīng)商中有很多繁榮的機(jī)遇。我喜歡閱讀一些關(guān)于成功的名人故事，比如比爾·蓋茨，李嘉誠等等。我相信我在將來的某一天也會成為像他們一樣的男人。

3.Now, I am majoring in Computering.I must study hard to get myself qualified for my future job.現(xiàn)在，我主修計(jì)算員。我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)讓自己能勝任未來的工作。

（7）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic My Favorite Means of Transportation.You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below.1.哪一種是你最喜歡的交通方式

2.闡述你的理由

3.做出結(jié)論

參考范文：

My Favorite Means of Transportation

1.In a modern society, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.在現(xiàn)代社會中，有許多的交通方式，就像地鐵、出租車、公交車等。但是我最喜歡的交通方式是騎自行車。

2.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green” form of transportation.第一，騎車能保持健康的身體。在我工作日我會花一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間騎車到我的辦公室，我覺得這是一個(gè)很好的體育運(yùn)動方式。第二，這很節(jié)約錢。最近，私人汽車司機(jī)總是抱怨的天然氣的價(jià)格越來越高，但如果你騎車，這花費(fèi)不了你什么。第三，它有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境，因此,它是一個(gè)“綠色”的大眾運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng) 3.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.因此,盡管它有一些缺點(diǎn),我還是最喜歡騎自行車。

（8）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic: My Favorite TV Program.You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below.1．你最喜歡的電視節(jié)目是什么

2．你喜歡它的理由

3．做出結(jié)論

參考范文：

My Favorite TV Program

1.CCTV today offers a great variety of programs to meet different needs and tastes.For example, the weather forecast, serials, films, sports and so on.My favorite TV program, however, is the news.現(xiàn)在CCTV提供各種各樣的節(jié)目以滿足不同的需求和品位。比如說，天氣預(yù)報(bào)，連續(xù)劇，電影，運(yùn)動等。我最喜歡的電視節(jié)目是新聞。

2.There are several points that are worth mentioning.For one thing, it covers news about important events both at home and abroad.Besides, the news it provides is timely and reliable.Finally, it broadcasts in the evening during the so-called “golden time”.It saves me much time reading through newspapers for current affairs.有幾處是值得提一下的。首先，它涵蓋了國內(nèi)國外的重要事件消息。另外，它提供的消息及時(shí)、可靠。最后，它在晚上的“黃金時(shí)間”播出。它為我節(jié)省了很多看報(bào)紙來知曉事件的時(shí)間。

3.In short, watching the news on CCTV has become part of my daily life.總之，在CCTV看新聞已經(jīng)成為我的一部分日常生活。

（9）《期末復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)》模擬試題1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic My Hobbies.You should write at least 80 words and could base your writing by using the hints given below.利用所給提示寫一篇短文，說明你的業(yè)余愛好以及它們的益處。

因…而得到好處在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間養(yǎng)花騎車保持身心平衡

benefit from / in my spare time / raising flowers / cycling / maintaining a mental and physical balance

參考范文：

My Hobbies

Hobbies are activities from which one can benefit a lot.In my spare time, I like painting, singing, raising flowers and cycling.My hobbies help me relax after periods of hard work.Moreover, I can make many friends who share the same hobbies with me.My hobbies make me maintain a mental and physical balance.As you can see, hobbies can be relaxing, challenging, interesting, enjoyable or educational.So everyone should have one or two hobbies.一個(gè)好的業(yè)余愛好會使我們受益匪淺。在我的業(yè)余時(shí)間，我喜歡畫畫，唱歌，養(yǎng)花和騎車。我的愛好幫助我在艱苦的工作時(shí)間中得到放松。而且，我可以結(jié)識和我分享相同愛好的朋友。我的愛好是我保持身心平衡。正如你所看到的,業(yè)余愛好可以舒適地、具有挑戰(zhàn)性的,有趣的,愉快的還是教育的。所以每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)愛好。

（10）《期末復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)》模擬試題2

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic Living in a Big City.You should write at least 80 words and could base your writing by using the hints given below.利用所給提示寫一篇短文，說明居住在大城市中的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

城市生活是具有吸引力的,有這么多優(yōu)點(diǎn)和方便超市或購物中心

city life is attractive with all its advantages and conveniences / supermarkets or shopping malls /外出進(jìn)餐城市的不斷擴(kuò)張流入

dine out / expansion of the city / flowing into

參考范文：

Living in a Big City

In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and conveniences.People can buy almost all kinds of things at supermarkets or shopping malls, dine out in good restaurants;and more important, they can have more educational opportunities.However, with the expansion of the city, more and more people are flowing into the big city.Now the traffic is heavier and heavier.The pollution problem is getting more and more serious.The living condition is worse and worse.Most people love the advantages of the city life, but a big city also has its disadvantages.在很多人的眼里，城市生活是具有吸引力的,有這么多優(yōu)點(diǎn)和方便。人們幾乎可以在超市和商場買到各種各樣的東西，在外面的餐館吃飯；最重要的是，他們可以擁有更多的受教育機(jī)會。然而,隨著城市的不斷擴(kuò)張，越來越多的人涌進(jìn)這個(gè)大城市?，F(xiàn)在交通越來越沉重。污染問題越來越嚴(yán)重。生活條件越來越差。大多數(shù)人都喜歡城市生活的優(yōu)勢,但是一個(gè)很大的城市也有它的劣勢。

第二篇：電大本科英語II作文

作文

１、My ideal job(我理想的工作)

I have been dreamed to be a teacher since I was a kid.Everyday when I arrived at school, my lovely teacher would give me a warm hug with a big shining smile.It made me felt like a flower which had been taken good care by the gardener and I felt comfortable.Not only me, but also the other kids had the same feeling, and this feeling helped us grow happy and healthy.So I thought, teacher was such a job that full of significance.I do should be a teacher.I have studied so hard since then, and I believe the solid basis of the job is build on it.I will stick to my faith and work even harder.I believe my dream will come ture sooner or later.2,Talking About Myself(自我介紹)

My name is Holly.I’m 37years old.I’m from Ningxia.I’m a math teacher in a primary school.My school is far away from my home.So I usually take the bus to work.There are three people in my family.They are my wife, my daughter and I.My wife is a doctor in a big hospital and my daughter is a ten-year-old pupil.In my spare time, I like reading books, watching TV, playing table tennis and so on.I used to fishing in the weekends, but I don’t now,because I have to attend class in the TV University.3,My Family（我的家庭）

There are five persons in my family, my parents, my wife, my daughter and I.My father used to be a senior engineer.His responsibility was designing new machines.My mother would work in a factory.They are retired now.My father is very serious about everything in life and pays attention to the details.My mother is patient and hardworking.I take after my parents.They have influence upon me to make me a good teacher.My wife is a nurse and she is very busy everyday.My daughter is a pupil.She is pretty and lovely and looks like her mother.4,My Family Life（我的家庭生活）

Like most ordinary Chinese families, my family life is busy and meaningful.My family members often get up at about six o’clock in the mornings.My wife deals with my little kid, while I’m cooking the breakfast.I drive my daughter to her school and then to my work.My wife takes the subway to her hospital.Around 4:30 p.m., I pick up my daughter and do some grocery shopping.My wife is good at cooking.So when we arrive home, a delicious meal is waiting for us.During the eating, we chat about interesting things from our daily life and discuss current affairs.We go tobed at 10 p.m.5,Changes in My Life（我生活中的變化）

There have been many changes in my life.With the development of the economy, my life is better off.For clothing, I have spare money to buy sorts of pretty clothes.But in the past, there were fewer clothes in my wardrobe.For food, I usually had traditional Chinese food for every meal, rice, noodles or a steamed bun with one or two light dishes such as preserved pickles.Nowadays, Ican afford any delicious food, including western foods.For housing, I have moved from a cramped and gloomy room to a big and bright flat.For getting around, I rode an old bike on my way to work a year ago.At present, I drive my private car to travel.I believe my life will be better and better in the future.6,My Home（我的家）

I am living on the 10th floor of a tower building with my wife and daughter.It is a newly-built block of flats with 22 stories altogether in the north of the city.We have three bedrooms, one big living-room, one kitchen and two bathrooms.The size is about 127 square meters.When we moved in three years ago.I painted the doors myself, but I had the window frames painted.We are satisfied with the decorations except the cupboards in the kitchen, so I need to build them again.The neighborhood is nice too.I think my home is cozy and I like my home.7,My Hobbies（我的業(yè)余愛好）

Hobbies are activities from which one can benefit a lot.In my spare time, I like painting, singing, raising flowers and cycling.My hobbies help me relax after periods of hard work.Moreover, I can make many friends who share the same hobbies with me.My hobbies help me maintain a mental and physical balance.As you can see, hobbies can be relaxing, challenging, interesting, enjoyable or educational.So everyone should have one or two hobbies, then the life is meaningful and amusing.8,My Favorite Sport（我喜愛的運(yùn)動）

My favorite sport is swimming.There are three reasons why I like the sport best.First, it is good for keeping fit.It benefits the heart, the lungs(肺)and the limbs(四肢).Thanks to the sport, I lost my weight and am graceful in form.Second, it is easy to find a place to swim.In the country, I can swim in lakes and rivers.In the city, there are many swimming pools spotted among the residential areas.Third, it can be done in any weather.It is very cool swimming in hot summer.In cold weather, swimming is especially refreshing.Swimming is a very popular sport.I hope you can enjoy it too.9,Health and Eating Habit（健康與飲食習(xí)慣）

An eating habit is closely related to health.In order to keep fit, we should pay more attention to our eating habits.My suggestions for a good eating habit are as follows.First, don’t eat too much or too little for each meal.Eating too much will cause overweight and eating too little, malnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良).Second, don’t eat between meals.Sometimes we like eating biscuits and chips before the mealtime, as a result, we lose our appetite(胃口)for lunch or dinner.Third, eat more vegetables and fruits everyday.In my opinion, a good eating habit leads to a healthy life.10,How to Keep Healthy（如何保持身體健康)

Nowadays, more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.Without good health, we can do nothing.For me, there are mainly three ways to keep healthy.First, it is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basis of good health.We should have plenty of fruits and vegetables everyday.Secondly, it is important to do regular exercises, such as swimming, jogging and so on.Last but not least, it is essential to keep in good spirits.Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy.11,High School Life and College Life（我的大學(xué)生活）

High school life is quite different from college life.In high school, the students have to wear school uniform.Teachers always ask students to do many tasks in the classroom and supervise students’ behavior in detail.In college, students have to be responsible for themselves.They have more freedom in college than in high school.For example, they put on the casual clothes instead of uniform.Tutors give them lectures and assignments, and they must spend more time studying by themselves in the library.That means students must manage themselves very well.Although I often recall my high school life, I like college life more.12,My TV University Life（我的電大生活）

Our TV University is mainly engaged in long distance education.The form of study is very convenient for adult learners like me.I can learn my courses anywhere in my spare time by computer.There are many web-based courses and sources on line.Moreover, I not only use e-mail to send our homework to our tutors but also join online discussion forums.Meantime, the difficulties and puzzles can be solved in the tutorial once a week.The e-learning life is meaningful and demanding.I enjoy my TV university life.13,Living in a Big City（城市生活）

In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and conveniences.People can buy almost all kinds of things at supermarkets or shopping malls, dine out in good restaurants, and more important, they can have more educational opportunities.However, with the expansion of the city, more and more people are flowing into the big city, the traffic is heavier and heavier, the pollution is more and more serious, and the living condition is worse and worse.Most people love the advantages of city life, but a big city also has its disadvantages.14,Help For Elderly People（愛護(hù)老人）

It is reported that China has stepped into an aging society.As the aging of the population quickens, the number of elderly people is becoming very large.Therefore, it is necessary to find good ways to deal with the problem.According to traditional Chinese moral values, it is the sons or daughters who should take the responsibility of caring their elderly parents.The youth should not only look after their elderly parents in material terms but also understand their loneliness and do their best to spend more time with them.But because the family plan has been carried out for many years in China, it is a common picture that a young couple has to support four elderly parents.This trend will reach its peak in coming years.The government is responsible for guaranteeing the basic living standards of the elderly and safeguard(保護(hù))their legitimate(合法的)rights and interests and establish a multi-level old-age insurance system.15,My English Studies（我的英語學(xué)習(xí)）

I have been learning English for more than twenty years.Recalling my English studies, I would like to share some good ways and some frustrations with you.First, I am independent in English studies.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, I try to find the patterns and rules on my own.Second, I am an active English learner.I never wait for a chance using English.I look for such a chance, and create a language environment by myself.I am willing to make mistakes and not afraid of losing face.Try your best to enjoy the pleasure of English studies, bear in mind that “frustration gets you nowhere”.(焦慮于事無補(bǔ))

第三篇：最新復(fù)習(xí)資料電大本科學(xué)位英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

會計(jì)學(xué)學(xué)位英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)與其它三個(gè)劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng) A.grapes

B.changes

C.tables

√D.libraries

√A.enough

B.fight

C.neighbor

D.daughter √A.would

B.ground

C.about

D.out

√A.large

(g的發(fā)音)

B.gay(g的發(fā)音)

C.glory(g的發(fā)音)

D.grammar

(g的發(fā)音)A.brown

B.south

C.loudly

√D.bought

√A.thrown

B.and then

C.the results

D.their

A.and

B.are

C.for

D.Now A.arrived

B.can see

C.of the

√D.that A.instead of

√B.lie

C.in bed

D.working A.there

B.than

C.driving a car

D.easier It was not very _______ of you to sell the house.The price is increasing增長中 everyday.A.clear

B.friendly

√C.wise

D.kind

None of them spoke English _______ Sam.√A.except不同種類的 B.exception

C.except for 完整的,但有暇疵的 D.except of It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be.A.comment

B.impression

C.opinion

√D.reaction 反應(yīng),反作用 Mr.Wang is an engineer工程師 _______ profession專業(yè).A.at

B.on

C.by

√D.with

The boy __________ the dog with a thick stick粗手杖 but the dog did not yield服從.A.came with

√?B.won over在…上越過

C.won at

√林D.came at

They were so far away that I couldn't _______ their faces表情 clearly.A.make up彌補(bǔ), 虛構(gòu), 縫制, 整理, 包裝, 和解, 編輯, 化妝,補(bǔ)足,拼湊

B.make at襲擊, 撲向

√C.make out辨認(rèn)出

D.see through看穿, 識破

I didn't know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________ to me.A.happened發(fā)生,碰巧

B.occurred發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)

√林C.emerged浮現(xiàn)

√D.appeared出現(xiàn),出席,發(fā)表

Send us a message if you _______ any difficulty.A.had

B.will have

C.have had

√D.have

Since we can't hear you at the back of the hall, you'll have to _raise提高_(dá) your voice.(此題無選擇項(xiàng))

The race賽跑 was so close緊湊 that everyone was ________ at the finish.A.working out

B.winning over

C.thinking of

√D.holding his breath屏氣凝神 He is given answers that only _______ his confusion混淆.A.come with產(chǎn)生

B.add with

C.come up發(fā)生

√D.add to 增加

Inquiries調(diào)查 _________ the condition情形 of the patients患者 may be made personally親自 or by telephone.√A.concerning關(guān)于

B.affecting感人的 C.following跟隨

D.revealing有啟迪性的 This is a ____ argumen爭論t.A.convinced確信

√B.convincing令人信服的 C.inconvincible難以令人信服的 D.convince 使信服

He said he _______ return返回 from Germany the next day.√A.was to

B.is going to

√林C.would go to

D.is to

Nobody knows how long and how seriously真誠地 the shakiness不穩(wěn)定 in the financial財(cái)政金融 system will ___ down the economy節(jié)約措施.

A.settle

---settle down定居,專心于

B.drag

---drag down把...向下拖,使衰弱

√C.knock---knock down擊倒, 拆卸, 拍賣出

D.put

---put down放下 She did not feel _____ going out, as she had a slight輕微的 headache頭痛.√A.like

B.after

C.for

D.about It's a pity可惜的 _______ you missed such an interesting program.A.when

B.what

√C.that

D.which

If you don't go to school _______, you will not learn your lessons very well.A.finally最終

√B.regularly 有規(guī)律地

C.exact精確的 D.properly 適當(dāng)?shù)?He smiled and told me I would receive收到 a(n)______ $ 100 a year!

A.exactly正確地

B.addition

增加物

√C.extra額外的 D.more 更多

His plan _______ by those who heard it.A.were laughing at

√林B.was laughing at

---laugh at嘲笑

√C.was laughed at哄笑

D.was laughed

My father never gave me _______.√A.much advice忠告

B.many advices

C.a lot of advices

D.many advice

“I believe you and Sally will really impress留下印象 the teacher.” “Well, don't expect期待 ___.”

A.us of too much

√B.too much of us

C.of us too much

D.us for too much

_______ many of the customers顧客 work during the day, Billy has to collect聚集 the money from them at night.A.Although

B.Therefore

C.From

√D.Since

Please don't leave the building _______ to do so.A.because asked

B.if asking

C.when asking

√D.unless asked

________ he works hard, I didn't mind when he finishes the experiment實(shí)驗(yàn).√A.So long as只要

B.As well as也,又

C.So far as 只有,就…而言as far as I know...就我所知

D.As soon as一…就…

I know that either you or your father ______ a copy.√A.has

B.are to have

C.have had

D.have

PS:

Either…or…二選一

neither…nor…既不…也不…

I know nothing about it ___ what I have read in the papers.A.beside在…旁

B.expect期待

√C.except 除…外

D.besides此外

Sunglasses太陽鏡 are used to _____ people's eyes from the light of the sun.√A.protect保護(hù)

B.stop阻止

C.save保存

D.prevent防止 Get up earlier早的 _______ you can catch the train tomorrow morning.A.in order

√B.so that

..== in order to 表示目的C.such that …such that+sentence

D.if

PS: so+adj．／adv．+that clause（so后跟形容詞或副詞）

； such（a／an）+n．+that clause（such后跟名詞）

The police did not at first

her

the crime罪行.√A.contact接觸 with

B.connect連接 to

C.contact to

D.connect, with

2007年4月會計(jì)學(xué)位模擬試題(1)1.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)與其它三個(gè)劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)

A.match

√B.fast

C.have

D.sad

A.cold B.old C.whole

√D.some 3.√ A.through B.another C.either D.though 4.A.out

√B.would C.ground D.about 5.A.neighbor B.fight √C.enough D.daughter

一、語音題（紅色為正確答案）

1.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)與其它三個(gè)劃線部分讀音不同的選項(xiàng)

√ A.bought B.brown

C.south

D.loudly 2.A.out

√B.would C.ground D.about 3.A.grammar

(g的發(fā)音)B.large

(g的發(fā)音)

√C.gay(g的發(fā)音)D.glory(g的發(fā)音)4.A.sight B.case

√C.nose D.list5.A.daughter √ B.enough C.fight D.neighbor 1

一。買

B。褐色

C。南方

D。大聲地 2.一。在外

B。會

C。地面

D。大約

3.一。文法(g 的發(fā)音)

B。大的(g 的發(fā)音)

C。gay(g 的發(fā)音)

D。光榮(g 的發(fā)音)4.一。視力

B。情形

C。鼻子

D。目錄 5.一。女兒

B。充足

C。打架

D。鄰居

二、判斷題

1.He got two pieces of informations about the new product.A.got

√B.informations

C.about

D.product 2.He cannot remember the thing whose made me very sad.A.cannot

B.thing √ C.whose

D.sad 3.It's easier for me to go there on foot than driving a car.A.easier

B.there

C.than √ D.driving a car 4.You should be working instead of lie there in bed.A.working

B.instead of √

C.lie

D.in bed 5.Now that the newspaper arrived we can see the scores of the tennis matches.A.that

√B.arrived

C.can see

D.of the

三、詞匯題

1.If the train arrives _______ it should be three o'clock exactly.A.in time √

B.on time

C.from time to time

D.at times 2.Many words in the English language are French in _______

A.context

B.source √

C.origin

D.vocabulary 3.This is the problem _______ you should pay attention.√

A.to which

B.on which

C.at which

D.which 4.The _______ you are, the happier they will be.A.more kinder

B.more kind √

C.kinder

D.kind 5.We were _______ for half an hour in the traffic交通事故 and so we arrived late.A.put back延誤

B.broke down破裂

√ C.held up被占（搶劫）

D.kept off不接近

6.Unless he is ________ intense love, he hardly ever looks into someone else's eyes for very long.√

A.confessing

B.refusing

C.granting

D.covering 7.The speech _____, a lively discussion started.A.being delivered

B.be delivered

C.was delivered √

D.having been delivered 8.Mr.John kept thinking hard, but failed to _______a workable plan.√

A.come up with

B.come up against

C.come up to

D.come up for 9.He never _________ to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.A.worried

B.noticed

C.pained √

D.troubled 10.All I'm trying to do is to _______ why your condition has not been improved.A.look for

√

B.find out

C.search for

D.look over 11.This is the hotel _______ I met the famous actor Chen Long.A.which

√

B.in which

C.that

D.in that 12.Not until your work is finished _______.A.you can leave

√

B.can you leave

C.you can't leave

D.can't you leave 13.They were so far away that I couldn't _______ their faces clearly.A.see through

B.make up

C.make at √

D.make out 14.I can hardly believe my eyes.This _______ man is actually a scientist who once won the Nobel Prize.A.remarkable

B.unusual

C.magnificent √

D.unremarkable 15.He said he _______ return from Germany the next day.A.is to √

B.was to

C.is going to

D.would go to 16.I ran _______ Alice, who was on her way to see how I was getting along.A.up

B.out of

C.over √

D.into 17.I know nothing about it ___ what I have read in the papers.A.besides

B.beside

C.expect

√

D.except 18.The government will have to work hard __________ the confidence of the people after the terrible event.√

A.to win back

B.to win through

C.to come up with

D.to come at 19.None of them spoke English _______ Sam.A.except of √

B.except

C.exception

D.except for 20.________ he works hard, I didn't mind when he finishes the experiment.A.As soon as

√

B.So long as

C.As well as

D.So far as 21.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _________.A.disapproval

B.rejection √

C.refusal

D.decline 22.“Do you think that the labor bill will be passed?”勞工案是否通過 “Oh, yes.It's _______ that it will.”

A.almost surelysurely

adv.的確地, 安全地

√

B.very likelyte

adj.很可能的, 合適的, 可靠的, 有希望的adv.或許, 很可能

C.near positiveh肯定的 D.quite certainly 的確

23.Send us a message if you _______ any difficulty.（重復(fù)）√

A.have

B.had

C.will have

D.have had 24.It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be.√

A.reaction反應(yīng)

B.comment意見

C.impression感想

D.opinion意見，看法

25.Could I borrow that book when you've finished _______ it?

A.to read

B.not to read

C.in reading √

D.reading 26.I will repair this new TV set without charging免費(fèi) because it is under _______.A.initial最初

B.trial考驗(yàn)

√

C.guarantee保證期

D.maximum最大量

27.They have never heard any

.顧客投訴

A.a customer complaint

B.the customer's complaints √

C.customer's complaint

D.the customers' complaints 28.He is given answers that only

his confusion混淆.（重復(fù)）√ A.add to增加

B.come with伴隨…發(fā)生

C.add with

D.come up上升，發(fā)生

29.many of the customers work during the day, Billy has to collect收集 the money from them at night.√

A.Since

B.Although

C.Therefore

D.From 30.I'll call to see you this evening _______ I can stay only a few minutes.A.which

B.however然而

C.even

√

D.though雖然

二、判斷題

1.Every one of the students had to do their own experiment試驗(yàn), and then于是 professor Brown judged判斷

the results結(jié)果.√ A.their

（his?）

B.own

C.and then

D.the results 2.The problem is how we can operate the new machine on such a short time.A.how

B.operate

√ C.on(in?)

D.a 3.He cannot remember the thing whose made me very sad.A.cannot

B.thing

√ C.whose(which?)

D.sad 4.Now that the newspaper arrived we can see the scores of the tennis matches.A.that

√ B.arrived 到達(dá)

C.can see

D.of the 5.Only after he comes to consciousness意識 you can make the final decision結(jié)果.A.Only

B.to

√ C.you can（can you?）

D.make

三、詞匯題

1.We were _______ for half an hour in the traffic交通事故 and so we arrived late.（重復(fù)P4）

A.put back延誤

B.broke down破裂

√ C.held up被占（搶劫）

D.kept off不接近

2.I didn't know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________ to me.（重復(fù)P1）

A.happened發(fā)生,碰巧

B.occurred發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)

√林C.emerged浮現(xiàn)

√D.appeared出現(xiàn),出席,發(fā)表

7.The speech演講 _____, a lively discussion started活躍的討論開始了.（重復(fù)P4）

A.being delivered送遞

B.be delivered

C.was delivered √

D.having been delivered

4.Some of your suggestions意見 have been adopted采用 but others have been _______ as they are not workable有效.A.turned away防止

√B.turned down拒絕

C.turned back擋住

D.turned out驅(qū)逐

5.The police did not at first

her

the crime罪行.√ A.connect with 連接

B.contact with和…一致

C.connect關(guān)連 to

D.contact接觸 to

6.He is given answers that only

his confusion.（重復(fù)）√

A.add to

B.come with

C.add with

D.come up 7.The United Nations Conference商會 on Global Environment全球環(huán)境, which took place earlier this year in Vienna維也納, was a very ________ meeting.√

A.productive多產(chǎn)

B.communicative暢談

C.aggressive侵略性的 D.protective保護(hù)的

8.You ______ drive on the right靠右行駛 in the U.S.A.A.will be

B.must √C.have to

D.shall 9.Nobody knows how long and how seriously認(rèn)真地 the shakiness震動 in the financial system will _________ down the economy經(jīng)濟(jì).（重復(fù)P1，答案不同）

A.put放下

B.settle專心 √C.drag使衰弱

D.knock擊倒

10.It was a long drive to get to the beach海灘 and we three took the wheel輪子

.A.over turn在旋轉(zhuǎn)之上

B.with turn藉由旋轉(zhuǎn) √ C.in turn依次

D.on turn在旋轉(zhuǎn)上

11.Send us a message if you _______ any difficulty.（重復(fù)）√

A.have

B.had

C.will have

D.have had 12“I'm leaving now.” “Make sure _______ the door.”

A.to have locked

B.after locking

√C.you have locked

D.for you to lock

13.He didn't live up to實(shí)踐 ____________ had been expected期待 of him √ A.what

B.which

C.that

D.all 14.The escaped prisoner逃亡的囚犯 waited until _____ of night before leaving his hiding遮蓋 place.√A.dark黑暗

B.deep深處

C.depth深刻

D.dead 15.Sunglasses are used to _____ people's eyes from the light of the sun.A.prevent防止

√ B.protect保護(hù)

C.stop停止

D.save解救

16.If you don't go to school _______, you will not learn your lessons very well.（重復(fù)）

A.finally最終

√B.regularly 有規(guī)律地

C.exact精確的 D.properly 適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

17.Life insurance人壽保險(xiǎn), _______ available可利用的 only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained獲得 for old people.A.before在…之前

B.after在…之后

C.former從前

D.previously以前

18.I ran _______ Alice, who was on her way to see how I was getting along.（重復(fù)）

A.up

B.out of

C.over √ D.into 19.I felt that I was not yet _______ to travel旅行.A.strongly enough

B.enough strongly √

C.strong enough

D.enough strong 20.Without even thinking about _______ he was doing, he stopped the car.A.whether B.where C.that √

D.what 21.The government will have to work hard __________ the confidence of the people after the terrible event.（重復(fù)P5）

√

A.to win back B.to win through C.to come up with D.to come at 22.It seems very difficult _______.A.to stop the child to cry

B.restraining the child to cry √

C.to keep the child from crying使孩子不哭泣

D.holding the child's crying 23.“I believe you and Sally will really impress the teacher.” “Well, don't expect期待 _______.”

A.us for too much

B.us of too much

√ C.too much of us

D.of us too much

（重復(fù)P2）

24._______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.既然我的頭已經(jīng)清醒的,我腦也正在開始好多了工作。

A.For

B.Since √C.Now D.Despite 25.He lived to be ninety-eight, the _______ man in Bulgaria保加利亞.√

A.healthiest最健康的 B.healthful有益健康的 C.health 健康

D.healthily健康地

26.It was not very _______ of you to sell the house.The price is increasing everyday.重復(fù)P1

A.kind

B.clear C.friendly √ D.wise 27.The noise噪音 of the traffic交易 _________ Paul保羅 from his work.A.prevented防止

√ B.distracted心煩意亂的 C.annoyed使苦惱

D.upset使不適

28.Mary was going to a wedding婚宴 so she brushed刷（發(fā)）_______ well.√ A.her hair

B.her hairs

C.the hair

D.the hairs 29.She did not feel _______ going out, as she had a slight headache輕微頭痛.（重復(fù)P2）

A.about √ B.like

C.after

D.for 30.None of them spoke English _______ Sam.（重復(fù)）

A.except of

√B.except

C.exception

D.except for 1.二、判斷題

1.學(xué)生的每一必須做他們的自己實(shí)驗(yàn), 然後教授布朗判斷了結(jié)果。一。他們的 B。自己的 C。然後 D。結(jié)果 2.問題是我們在如此的一個(gè)短時(shí)間能操作新的機(jī)器方式。一。如何 B。操作 C。在 D。一 3.他不能夠記得使我很憂愁的事物。

一。不能夠 B。事物 C。誰的 D。憂愁的 4.現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙到達(dá)我們能看見網(wǎng)球比賽的得分。

一。那 B。到達(dá) C。能看見 D。那 5.只有在他到達(dá) 意識你之後能下最后的決定。

A.唯一的 B。到 C。你能 D。制造

三、詞匯題

1.我們是 _______半個(gè)小時(shí)在交通方面而且因此我們晚到達(dá)。

一。延誤 B。故障 C。支撐 D。避開

2.我不 知道該做什么, 但是然后一個(gè)主意突然 ________對我。

一。出現(xiàn) B。發(fā)生 C。發(fā)生 D。出現(xiàn) 3.演講 _____,活潑的討論開始。

一。被遞送 B。被遞送 C。被遞送 D。有被遞送

4.一些你的提議有被采用但是其他人是 _______如同他們不是能工作。

一。拒絕進(jìn)入 B。把～關(guān)小 C。折回 D。把～關(guān)掉 5.警察沒有起先 她 罪行。

一。連接, 由于 B。連絡(luò)由于 C。連接到 D。連絡(luò)到 6.他被給答案那唯一的 _______他的混亂。

一。增加到 B。來由于 C。增加由于 D。發(fā)生

7.全球的環(huán)境上的聯(lián)合國會議, 今年稍早在維也納發(fā)生, 是一非常 ________會議。

一。能生產(chǎn)的 B。暢談的 C。攻擊性的 D。給予保護(hù)的 8.你 ______在 U.S.A.中的在權(quán)利之上的推進(jìn)力

一。將會是 B。必須 C。必須 D。將

9.沒有人知道多久和如何嚴(yán)重的震動在財(cái)政的系統(tǒng)中意志 _________下經(jīng)濟(jì)置于地面。

一。放 B。長椅 C。累贅 D。敲

10.到達(dá)海灘是長的推進(jìn)力，而且我們?nèi)齻€(gè)帶了輪子。

一。在旋轉(zhuǎn)之上 B。藉由旋轉(zhuǎn) C。依次 D。在旋轉(zhuǎn)上 11.送我們一個(gè)信息是否你 _______任何的困難。

一。有 B。有 C。將會有 D。有有 12“我現(xiàn)在正在離開”。“確定 _______門?！? 一。有鎖 B。在鎖定之後 C。你有鎖 D。因?yàn)槟愕芥i 13.他不 符合 ____________已經(jīng)他被預(yù)期。

一。什么 B。哪一 C。那 D。所有的

14.被逃脫的囚犯等候直到 _____夜晚在離開他的藏地方之前。

一。黑暗 B。深的 C。深度 D。死

15.太陽眼鏡習(xí)慣於 _____來自太陽的光人們的眼睛。

一。避免 B。保護(hù) C。停止 D。救援

16.是否你不 去上學(xué) _______,你將不學(xué)習(xí)你的課很好。

一。適當(dāng)?shù)谺。最后 C。有規(guī)則地 D。正確

17.人壽保險(xiǎn), _______ 可得的唯一對年輕的, 健康的人,現(xiàn)在能被為老人們獲得。

一。在 B。在 C。先前的 D。先前

18.我跑 _______愛麗絲, 是在前往看見我如何正在相處的途中。

一。向上的 B。在外 C。結(jié)束 D。進(jìn)入 19.我感覺我是不仍然 _______ 旅行。

一。強(qiáng)烈地充足 B。足夠強(qiáng)烈地 C。強(qiáng)壯的充足 D。強(qiáng)壯的充足 20.沒有甚至思考大約 _______他正在做,他停止了汽車。

一。是否 B。哪里 C。那 D。什么

21.The 政府將會必須努力地工作 __________在可怕的事件後面的人信心。

一。贏回 B。贏得過 C。發(fā)現(xiàn) D。來在 22.它像是非常困難 _______.一。停止孩子到哭聲 B。抑制孩子到哭聲 C。使孩子不哭泣 D。捉住孩子的叫喊 23.“我真的相信你和莎莉意志印象老師”。“嗯,不預(yù)期 _______.” 一。我們?yōu)樘?B。我們太多 C。太多我們 D。我們太多 24._______我的頭已經(jīng) 清除的,我腦也正在開始好多了工作。A.為 B.自 C.現(xiàn)在 D.不在乎

25.他居住是九十八,那 _______在保加利亞里面的男人。

一。最健康的 B。有益健康的 C。健康 D。健康地 26.它是不非常 _______ 你賣房子。價(jià)格每天正在增加。

一。類型 B。清楚的 C。友好的 D。明智的 27.交通的噪音 _________來自他的工作保羅。

一。避免 B。分心C。使 D。加深框語 28.瑪麗正在這麼去一個(gè)婚禮她刷 _______好的。

一。她的頭發(fā) B。她的頭發(fā) C。頭發(fā) D。頭發(fā)

29.她不 感覺 ______________外出 ,如同她有了一個(gè)纖細(xì)的頭痛一樣。

一。大約 B。同類 C。在 D。為 30.他們沒有人說了英國語 _______Sam。

一。除 B。除了 C。例外 D。除了為之外

閱讀理解

While plant植物 and animal動物 species種類 are disappearing消失 at a rapidly迅速

increasing增長 rate比率 throughout the world, scientists科學(xué)家 note記錄 some success stories成功故事.For example, the number of elephants象 killed illegally不法地 in Africa has fallen sharply急劇下降.89 thousand were killed in 1983.46thousand were killed one year later.This happened because African countries國家 agreed to establish建立 export limits出口限制 on

ivory象牙 from elephants.Ivory is the hard white material物質(zhì) that forms an elephant's two long teeth, or tusks長牙.Countries that import進(jìn)口 ivory are refusing謝絕 to accept ivory shipments裝船 that do not have legal export documents合法的出口公文.The Convention大會 on International Trade in Endangered Species in a treaty條約 signed by 91 nations國家 led to the program for saving endangered計(jì)劃拯救的 elephants in Africa.Successful成功 efforts成就 also同樣 have been made in protecting Africa's endangered瀕臨滅絕的 mountain山 gorillas大猩猩.Almost差不多 400 of the gorillas survive幸存 in a volcano火山 area范圍 on the border邊境 of Rwanda盧旺達(dá), Uganda烏干達(dá) and Zaire扎伊爾.The mountain gorilla population人口(數(shù)量)has remained剩余 about the same for 15 years.This happened partly部分, because Rwanda developed發(fā)展 an important business重要商業(yè) that depends依賴 on protecting保護(hù) the gorillas.Visitors游客 there can pay to get close to watch the gorillas in the animals'

traditional傳統(tǒng)的 home area區(qū)域.Another successful program is to take endangered animals out of their natural homes.The animals are put into zoos or other protected areas where they can reproduce in safety.The goal目標(biāo) of many of these programs is to produce引起 enough animals to put back into the wild野性.1.What is the best title for this passage?

B

2.The number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has decreased減少 greatly in that _A___.3.In Africa, the number of elephants killed illegally in 1983 and 1984 was__C__.4.The number of mountain gorillas has remained about the same for many years partly部分 because of ___C（A）___.5.The phrase短語 “the wild”荒野 in Paragraph 5 refers to __C___.

A.89 000

B.13 500

√C.135 000=89000+46000

D.153 000

Culture shock文化沖擊 might可以 be called an occupational disease職業(yè)病 of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad移民國外.Like most ailments疾病, it has its own

symptoms癥狀 and cure治愈.文化沖擊可被稱為有突然被在移民國外的人們一種職業(yè)的疾病。像最大多數(shù)的小病,它有它的自己癥狀和治療。

Culture shock is precipitated突如其來的 by the anxiety憂慮 that results from losing all our familiar signs熟悉的標(biāo)記 and symbols符號 of social社會intercourse交流.Those signs or

cues include the thousand and one ways眾我方法 in which we orient適宜 ourselves to the

situation情形 of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases購買, when to accept and when to refuse invitations邀請,when to take statements陳述 seriously真誠 and when not.These cues提示, which may be words, gestures,facial expressions面部表情, customs, or norms, are acquired習(xí)慣 by all of us in the course在..期間 of growing up成長 and are as much同樣多 a part of our

culture文明 as the language we speak or the beliefs信仰 we accept接受.All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.完全缺乏熟悉的社會交往的標(biāo)志和特征導(dǎo)致的憂慮加速了我們對文化的不適應(yīng)癥。這些標(biāo)志和記號包括了我們對日常生活環(huán)境適應(yīng)的眾多方法： 當(dāng)?shù)綋u動手和該說什么當(dāng)我們遇見別人, 當(dāng)該如何示意 , 該如何進(jìn)行購買，何時(shí)該接受和何時(shí)該拒絕邀請, 何時(shí)該真誠的陳述和何時(shí)不那么做。這些提示, 可能是字，手勢 , 面部表情，關(guān)稅或基準(zhǔn), 在成長期間,和同樣地被我們?nèi)揩@得是很多我們的文化一個(gè)部份如語言我們說或我們接受的信念。我們?nèi)慷紴槲覀兊乃枷牒臀覀兊暮推綌?shù)以百計(jì)這些開端上的效率靠, 我們不

繼續(xù)有意識的覺察水平的大部分。

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water.No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be，a series of props have been knocked from under you followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.現(xiàn)在當(dāng)一個(gè)個(gè)人進(jìn)入這些熟悉的開端奇怪的文化 , 所有的或大部分是離開的時(shí)候。他或她由水像一條魚。無論友善你可能是多麼的氣量大的或充滿,一系列的 支柱從在被挫折和焦慮的感覺跟隨的你之下有被敲擊。在多相同的方法中人們對～產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)挫折。

First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because they make me feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression.The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance.To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified.首先他們拒絕引起不便之處的環(huán)境?！耙?yàn)樗麄兪刮腋杏X壞 , 所以東道主很壞”。當(dāng)在奇怪的土地中的外國人聚在一起埋怨有東道主國和它的民族事時(shí)候, 你能確定他們正在蒙受文化沖擊。文化沖擊的另外一個(gè)時(shí)期是衰退。家環(huán)境突然承擔(dān)巨大的重要。對外國人每件事物無理性的變成贊美。

All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered.It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.所有的困難和問題被忘記并且只有好的事物回家被記得。它通常帶旅行回家對真實(shí)把一帶來回來。

1.According to the passage, culture shock ___A___.

2.The second month of a year is named February probably because ___C____.A.the god Februa has two faces.因Februa是個(gè)雙面神

B.it is named after a Roman god who does spring cleaning它由一個(gè)做春天清潔的羅馬人命名

C.it is time to consider spring cleaning這時(shí)是考慮春天清潔的時(shí)候了

D.“February” means “two”“ in Latin二月是拉丁文”二”的意思

3.Regarding關(guān)于 the origin of the name of the second month of a year, the author作者 is A.A.not very sure不是很確信

B.completely ignorant完全無知

C.very certain非常確定

D.suspicious 可疑

4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A

A.It is frequently頻繁 rainy and stormy暴風(fēng) in March in most of North America.北美三月的天氣大多數(shù)下雨和暴風(fēng)

B.Every year there are exactly 365 days and twenty-four hours.每年都確切地有365日和24小時(shí)

C.People all over the world celebrate cleaning in February.全世界都在2月慶賀清潔

D.God Mars often appear in pictures with snow, lightning and thunder.戰(zhàn)神時(shí)常以雪閃電雷出現(xiàn) 5.Which of the following statements might be the topic sentence of this passage? A.The months are all named after Roman gods.月份全以羅馬神命名

B.The English names of the months of the year are from Latin.英文月份名稱來自拉丁文

C.In every year there are exactly 365 days and six hours.每年有365日+6小時(shí)

D.The name February comes from a Roman celebration.二月命名來自羅馬慶典

B

Yesterday was(1 Jim's birthday).He got a lot of presents(2from)

his friends and family.All the gifts were wrapped _(3with)colored paper.(4)of(5)(6)large, but others were very small.Some(7)heavy, and others were light.One square package was blue, there was a book in it.Another one was long and narrow;it had an umbrella in it.Jim's sister gave him a big,(8)package.He thought it(9)a ball, but it(10).When he(11)the yellow paper that covered it, he saw that it was a globe of the world.After that his brother gave him(12)_gift.It was a big box(13)

green paper.Jim opened it and found another box(14)red paper.He removed the paper and saw a third box;this one was blue in color.Everyone laughed(15)Jim opened the boxes.There were six of them!In the last one he found a small white envelope.There was a piece of paper in the envelope which(16):” Go to the big bed-room.Look(17)the closet near the high window.You will see three suitcases: a

black one, a brown one and a gray one.Your birthday present is in one of these.“

Jim(18)the large bedroom.He went to the closet and began(19)the suitcases.He had to open all of them(20)he saw his brother's present.He was very happy.It was just what Jim wanted----a portable typewriter.

Rote-learning(死記硬背), spoon-fed education匙喂教育, produces導(dǎo)致 a brand烙印 of kids that don't know what to do when entering university進(jìn)入大學(xué).They are disciplined into following, not leading.他們被訓(xùn)練跟從,而不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo).Yet the future depends on creativity and imagination.然而未來依賴創(chuàng)造和想像力.The world needs creators, makers and shakers of the new centuries,世界需要創(chuàng)造者,創(chuàng)造和揉合出新的世紀(jì) not the followers of the past centuries.而不是追隨過去的世紀(jì).As the numbers increase at college and university level, more students from the lower ends are likely to be thrown into a system designed to choose only learners that have proved excellent in listening to teachers.,如學(xué)院和大學(xué)平數(shù)字增加,更多來自下端的較多學(xué)生對進(jìn)入被設(shè)計(jì)體系,只會聽老師的話,選擇能證明的學(xué)習(xí)者為優(yōu)良的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)之內(nèi)可能被丟棄

There are three ways to learn: looking, listening and doing.學(xué)習(xí)只有三個(gè)途徑:看,聽,做

Students and teachers today are a product of learning by listening.學(xué)生和老師是今天聽的產(chǎn)物.The computer may not be liked by traditional teachers電腦可能不被傳統(tǒng)老師喜歡, who use rote-learning to put information誰喜歡死記硬背, which will be out of date in a few years沒幾年就會落后, into the heads of the students.With computer learning you learn by looking, listening and doing;you use three methods of learning, not just one.Therefore因此, you can learn faster.The changing speed of information is frightening.信息正令人吃驚地變更.What we learn now will be out of date in the near future.我們所學(xué)在不久的將來被廢棄.So what students are learning now at school may be replaced by the time they finish university.中學(xué)時(shí)代所學(xué)可能在大學(xué)時(shí)已被取代.We have to learn by choice what to forget我們不得不選擇學(xué)習(xí)忘記.Rote-learning for exams is one thing, but wouldn't it be better to learn how to learn?但它不會是比較好地學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)習(xí)的嗎? The students at university today could possibly be doing a job in the not too distant future which has not yet been invented.今日的大學(xué)生可能可以做一項(xiàng)工作是今天尚未出現(xiàn)的.149.According to the author, the future doesn't need _____ D_______.A)creativity創(chuàng)造 B)imagination 想像C)creators創(chuàng)作 D)followers追隨者

150.In the author's view作者觀點(diǎn), how can students learn well? D

A)Carefully listen to the teacher in class.小心聽老師課堂中的說話

B)Take down every single word said by the teacher.記下老師說的每個(gè)詞 C)Learn all the notes by heart.學(xué)習(xí)所有的筆記

D)Combine listening with looking and doing.聽看做結(jié)合151.What does the author mean by ”The changing speed of information is frightening“?

林 D

A)We don't have enough time to adjust ourselves to the speed of information.我們沒有充足的時(shí)間調(diào)整我們自己到數(shù)據(jù)的速度

B)What we learned today may not be useful tomorrow.我們今天所學(xué)的不是明天所用的 C)The pace of life is too fast.生活的速度太快

D)The world is changing every minute.世界每分鐘都正在變更

152.What does the last sentence of the passage tell us?

（不是很確定）林D

C A)Rote-learning is completely harmful.死記硬背十分有害

B)Students may have to do jobs which have not yet been invented.學(xué)生可能必須做仍未被創(chuàng)造出來的工作

C)It's better to learn how to learn than learn what to forget.比學(xué)習(xí)該忘記什么更好的,是學(xué)習(xí)該如何學(xué)習(xí)

D)Students must look into the future.學(xué)生必須預(yù)見未來

153.The author's attitude towards rote-learning is ____ B_____.A)approving滿意 B)disapproving不贊成

C)confident確信 D)opposite to what the words say相對而言的Text 3 Since the late 1960s a growing number of women have expressed a strong dissatisfaction不滿 with any marriage arrangement wherein the husband and his career are the primary considerations in the marriage.自從 1960 年代後期以後愈來愈多的女人有用～表達(dá)一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈不滿婚姻需主要考慮安排丈夫和他的事業(yè).By the end of the 1970s, for example, considerably相當(dāng)于 less than half of the women in the United States still believed that they would put their husbands and children ahead of their own careers事業(yè).只有少于一半的美國婦女愿意將丈夫和孩子放在事業(yè)之前.More and more American women have come to believe that they should be equal partners rather than junior partners in their marriages.越來越多美國婦女相信他們是與婚姻處在對等的地位.This stage of marriage, 婚姻的這個(gè)階段性,although not typical典型 of most American marriages at present, 雖然現(xiàn)在不是大多數(shù)美國婚姻生活的典型, will grow most rapidly in the future.有迅速增長的趨勢.In an equal partnership marriage對等的合伙婚姻中, the wife pursues a full-time job or career which has equal importance to her husband's.妻子全職工作,與她的丈夫同等重要.The long-standing長期存在 division of labor勞動分工 between husband and wife comes to an end.長期存在的勞動分工在丈夫和妻子之間結(jié)束.The husband is no longer the main主要 provider供給 of family income收入, 丈夫不再是家庭收入的主要供給者, and the wife no longer has the main responsibilities職責(zé) for household duties and raising children.而妻子的主要職責(zé)不再是家庭和養(yǎng)育孩子.Husband and wife share all these duties equally.夫妻平等地分擔(dān)這些責(zé)任.Power over family decisions is also shared equally.家庭的決定力量也被相等地分享.The rapid change in women's attitudes toward marriage in the 1970s reflected rapid change in the larger society.The Women's Liberation Movement appeared in the late 1960s, demanding an end to all forms of sexual discrimination against females.女權(quán)運(yùn)動在1960年代后期出現(xiàn) An Equal Rights Amendment(修正案)to the U.S.Constitution was proposed which would make any form of discrimination歧視 on the basis of sex illegal, and though it has failed to be ratified, it continues to have millions of supporters.一部平等修正案提議修定美國憲法差別以性別歧視是違法的,雖然它有未能被批準(zhǔn),它繼續(xù)有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的支持者.154.Since the late 1960s more women have been dissatisfied 不滿 with the marriage婚姻生活 where in _林B____(D).A)they are unhappy B)they are in the inferior position她們地位次等

C)only the husband work to earn the living只有丈夫工作謀生 D)the wife only take care of the household妻子照顧家庭

155.What is the long-standing division of labor勞動分工 between husband and wife in America? 林D A)Husband-leader, wife-helper.丈夫-領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,妻子-助手 B)Husband and wife share the housework.夫妻分擔(dān)家務(wù) C)Husband and wife have equal partnership.夫妻地位對等

D)Husband plays a superior role while wife plays an inferior role.丈夫扮演上手角色,妻子扮演下等角色

156.Which statement is NOT true about the new type of marriage新型婚姻生活? 林C A)Husband and wife share all their duties equally.夫妻平等分享責(zé)任 B)Wife can also make the decisions in the family.妻子也有決定權(quán)

C)Wife earns the living while husband does housework.妻子謀生,丈夫做家務(wù) D)Husband is also responsible for raising children.丈夫也要養(yǎng)育孩子

157.The women's attitudes toward marriage contribute to婦女對婚姻的態(tài)度有利于 __林D___.A)the Women's Liberation Movement女權(quán)運(yùn)動

B)the prohibition of any form of sexual discrimination任何形式的性別歧視的禁令 C)the changing roles of husband and wife in the marriage變更婚姻中夫妻角色 D)all of the above以上所有

158.Which of the following can be the title for this passage? 林A（不是很確定）D A)The Changing Patterns of Americans' Marriage改變美國人的婚姻模式 B)An Ideal Marriage理想婚姻

C)The Women's Liberation Movement女權(quán)運(yùn)動

D)The Equal Right Between Husband and Wife夫妻平等

It was an early morning in summer．In the streets，sleepy—eyed睡眼腥松的 people were moving quickly，heading towards their 1 jobs.This was the beginning of another 2 ordinary 普通的 day in New York City.3But this day was to be different．

Waiting 4above在..之上

the crowded擁擠的 streets，on top of a 5building 110 stories high，was Philippe Petit．This daring大膽的 Frenchman was about to正打算walk tightrope(繃索)between the two towers of the World Trade Center．

Philippe took his first 7step(take a step屬固定搭配，意為“邁步”)with great care小心翼翼地．The wire held．Now he was 8sure he could do it, 9with only a balancing pole平衡桿，Philippe walked his way across，a 10distance 距離of 131

feet．

Soon the rush-hour高峰時(shí)期crowds 人群 began to notice．What a 12wonder奇跡

!There，1350 feet above the street，a 13 tiny 微小的 figure角色 was walking on air.Philippe made seven 14 trips 來回，back and forth(來回)．He wasn’t satisfied滿意 with just 15walking ．At times，he would turn，sit down，and 16even連貫

go on his knees跪著．Once he had the astonishing 17 courage 勇氣 to lie down on the thin thread細(xì)絲．And thousands of 18 terrified受驚嚇的watchers stared盯著看 with their hearts beating fast．

After the forty—five—minute 19show表演.Philippe was taken to the police

station．He was asked 20why he did it．Philippe shrugged(聳肩)and said，“When I see two high buildings，I walk．”

1．A．jobs

B．homes

C．buses

D．offices

2．A．working

B．hot

C．same

D．ordinary

3．A．And

B．So

C．But

D．Thus

4．A．for

B．in

C．by

D．a(chǎn)bove

5．A．roof

B．position

C．wall

D．building

6．A．throw

B．walk

C．climb

D．fix

7．A．a(chǎn)ct

B．landing

C．step

D．trip

8．A．sure

B．uncertain C．glad

D．nervous

9．A．Through

B．Against

C.With

D．On

10．A．distance

B．height

C.space

D．rope

11．A．street

B．crowds

C.passengers D．city

12．A．height

B．pleasure

C．wonder

D．danger

13．A．great

B．strange

C．public

D．tiny

14．A．experiments B．circles

C．trips

D．movements

15．A．walking

B．staying

C．a(chǎn)c“ng

D．showing

16．A．a(chǎn)lmost

B．even

C．often

D．rather

17．A．spirit

B．result

C．strength

D．courage

18．A．patient

B．terrified C．pleased

D．enjoyable

19．A．show

B．trick

C．try

D．program

20．A．how

B．why

C．whether

D．when 1．A 推理：并非所有的人都是進(jìn)office工作，jobs可泛指任何工作場所。

2．D 從下句的意思分析出，這一天非同尋常，可見本句day的定語應(yīng)該是“普通的”

3．C 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

4．D

5．D 4、5兩空應(yīng)同時(shí)看：兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語都表明“在高處”。從下文也可看出，在繃索上行走的那個(gè)人是站在110層高樓頂上。

6．B 從“在兩個(gè)塔之間的繃索”這個(gè)狀語可以想象，此人將在上面“行走”。

7．C take a step屬固定搭配，意為“邁步”。

8．A 從The wire held可看出，由于繩索牢固，他對表演走繃索“有把握”。

9．C with指使用某種工具。

10.A 此處指兩個(gè)樓之間的距離。

11．B 句意為：“上班高峰期的人們開始注意到這個(gè)人在走繃索?！?/p>

12．C 高空行走，真是“奇跡”。

13.D 從下面看1350英尺高處的人很小，只能用“tiny”。

14.C trips指“幾個(gè)來回”。

15．A walking與下文的turn，sit down以及go on his knees形成對比。

16．B 據(jù)場面高空表演動作的難易程度推斷。

17．D 做這些高難動作, 要有很大的“勇氣”。

18．B

19.A 此人是在繃索上“表演”。

20.B 警察對此人在這樣的高空“玩命”大惑不解，故問Why he did it? 另一套答案1A.jobs 2D.ordinary 3C.But 4D.above 5D.building 6B.walk 7C.step 8A.sure 9C.With 10A.distance 11B.crowds 12C.wonder 13D.tiny 14C.trips 15A.walking 16B.even 17D.courage 18B.terrified 19A.show 20B.why 當(dāng)進(jìn)入大學(xué)的時(shí)候 , 機(jī)械性的背誦-學(xué)問(死記硬背), 匙喂的教育, 生產(chǎn)不

知道該做什么的小孩商標(biāo)。他們被進(jìn)入跟隨之內(nèi)訓(xùn)練, 不領(lǐng)先。仍然未來仰賴創(chuàng)造力和想像。世界需要新的世紀(jì)創(chuàng)作者，制造者和搖蕩機(jī)而不是過去世紀(jì)的從者。如數(shù)字增加在來自下端的學(xué)院和大學(xué)同高的,較多的學(xué)生對進(jìn)入被設(shè)計(jì)只在聽老師的話方面選擇有證明的學(xué)習(xí)者為優(yōu)良的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)之內(nèi)被丟是有可能的。

有三個(gè)方法可以學(xué)習(xí): 看,聽而且做。

學(xué)生和老師今天是藉由聽學(xué)習(xí)的產(chǎn)品。計(jì)算機(jī)不可能被傳統(tǒng)的老師喜歡, 使用學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械性的背誦放數(shù)據(jù), 將會在幾年之內(nèi)是過時(shí)的,進(jìn)入那頭學(xué)生之內(nèi)。藉由計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)你藉由看學(xué)習(xí),聽而且做;你使用三個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的方法而不是正直的。因此,你能比較快速地學(xué)習(xí)。

那變更數(shù)據(jù)的速度正在驚嚇。我們所現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的將會在不久的將來內(nèi)是過時(shí)的。如此學(xué)生正在現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)什么可能被替換在～的時(shí)候之前他們完成大學(xué)。我們必須藉著選擇該忘記什么學(xué)習(xí)。機(jī)械性的背誦-學(xué)

問為考試是一件事物，但是它不會是比較好學(xué)習(xí)該如何學(xué)習(xí)的嗎? 學(xué)生在大學(xué)今天可以可能地在那不仍未被發(fā)明的太遠(yuǎn)未來中做一種工作。

對作家的 1.According,未來不

需要 ____________.2.In 作家的視野,學(xué)生如何能學(xué)習(xí)得好? 3.What 作家方法被 ” 那變更數(shù)據(jù)的速度正在驚嚇“? 4.What 通道的最後一個(gè)句子告訴我們嗎? 5.The 作家的態(tài)度對於機(jī)械性的背誦-學(xué)問是 _________.Computer technology技術(shù) enabled激活 the researchers研究員 to obtain獲得 precise精確的

measurements測量法 of the volume體積 of the front and side sections部分 of the brain腦, which relate涉及 to intellect(智能)and emotion情感, and deter-mine決定 the human人類 character特征.(The rear section of the brain腦的后部, which controls控制 functions作用 like eating and breathing呼吸, does not contract使縮短 with age, and one can continue延續(xù) living without intellectua l智力 or emotional faculties(功能).計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)使了研究員能夠獲得腦的前面和邊區(qū)段的體積精確的測量, 與有關(guān)智力和情緒, 而且制止-我的人類個(gè)性。腦的后面區(qū)段, 控制功能相似的吃而且呼吸,由于年齡不縮短，而且一能繼續(xù)生活沒有有知識者或情緒的才能。

Contraction收縮 of front and side parts-as cells die off-was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-and-seventy-year-olds.前面和邊部份的收縮-當(dāng)細(xì)胞相繼死去-在他們的在一些課題中被觀察三十多歲, 但是它仍然不對～感到顯然的一些六十-和-七十歲的。

Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age-using the head.Matsuzawa 從他的測試得出結(jié)論,對正常地與～有關(guān)使用年齡的頭收縮的簡單藥物。

The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.調(diào)查結(jié)果在腦的收縮很快在國家中的人們中開始的一般術(shù)語中展現(xiàn)比較在城鎮(zhèn)中。很危險(xiǎn)的那些最少, Matsuzawa 說,是律師,被大學(xué)教授和醫(yī)生跟隨。然而,白色的衣領(lǐng)工人在政府辦公室中做常式工作是, 如有可能的有收縮智力如農(nóng)場工人，公共汽車司機(jī)和商場店員。

Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking.Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need.”The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain, “ he says.”Think hard and engage in conversation.Don ' t rely on pocket calculators.“ Matsuzawa's 調(diào)查結(jié)果展現(xiàn)思考能阻止腦收縮。血一定適當(dāng)?shù)卦陬^中流通供應(yīng)新鮮的氧腦細(xì)胞需要?！睂S持好的血循環(huán)的最好方法是穿越動腦筋,“他說?！迸Φ叵攵覍Ｗ⒔徽?。不依賴計(jì)算器?！?/p>

46.The team of doctors wanted to find out ______A___.[ A ] why certain people age sooner than others為什麼某些人變老比其他人更快 [ B ] how to make people live longer如何使人更長壽

[ C ] the size of certain people ' s brains某些人的智力大小 [ D ] which people are most intelligent人是最聰明的

47.On what are their research findings based? 在他們的研究調(diào)查結(jié)果被建立什么之上？C [A] A survey of farmers in northern Japan.在日本北部的農(nóng)民調(diào)查。[ B ] Tests performed on a thousand old people.測試在一千個(gè)老人。

[ C ] The study of brain volumes of different people.不同的人們腦體積的研究 [ D] The latest development of computer technology.計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的最新發(fā)展。

48.The doctor ' s tests show that ___D______.醫(yī)生的測試展現(xiàn)

[ A ] our brains shrink as we grow older當(dāng)我們變得比較年長，我們的智力收縮 [B] the front section of the brain does not shrink腦的前面區(qū)段不收縮

[ C ] sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds六十歲的有三十歲的智力好

[ D ] some people ' s brains have contracted more than other people ' s一些人們智力有收縮超過其他人

49.The word ”subjects“ in paragraph 5 means____C_____.[ A ] something to be considered某事被尊重

[ B ] branches of knowledge學(xué)科 studied有計(jì)劃的

[ C ] persons chosen to be studied in an experiment選擇的人在實(shí)驗(yàn)方面學(xué)習(xí)[ D ] any member of a state except the supreme ruler最高統(tǒng)治者以外的其他成員

50.According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others? 哪些像是變老比其他人更慢?

A

[A] Lawyers.律師

[B] Farmers.農(nóng)民

[C] Clerks.店員 [D] Shop assistants.購物助手 2007年4月會計(jì)學(xué)位模擬試題(1)2.Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year old people there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal(普遍性)of male mortality is being changed.Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.This means that for the first time there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more force of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of children.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have disappeared.India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of children-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in middle-class compared to the tribe.For us, this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely, it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100 000 years-even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution;they ”look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.“ No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.1.According to the author, what was the danger a man had to face? 2.The sentence ”There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide“ perhaps means _____.3.The example of India interprets that ______.4.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_____.5.What is the main idea of the passage?

3.How do the American office men and women dress themselves when they go to work? In certain kinds of businesses the men wear only suits of a conservative nature with white shirts and dark ties;in others, men wear blazers and quiet-pattern sport Jackets.In some institutions women know instinctively to wear skirts(there are no rules posted saying they should not wear pants).In some other types of Jobs women wear pantsfreely, and in certain other jobs that demand physical activity pants are almost a necessity.In conservative business such as banks, insurance companies, and company headquarters, men and women should have one fashion and one only;to dress in good taste.Good taste does not need a major investment in designers' originals;good taste means dressing in an understated rather than overstated manner.The importance of grooming cannot be overemphasized.Without it, there is no successful fashion.It would be helpful if everyone were to go over their grooming check list in front of a full-length mirror before leaving home each morning.Career people can keep a full set of toiletries and make-up stored somewhere at the office.A woman going to an evening party should dress in the morning in one of her ”basic dresses“-the kind that can change into a different look with an added scarf or jewelry.She can metamorphose herself into another person with freshly cleaned teeth, combed hair, a new face, a different and dressier pair of shoes, and some sparkling jewelry.In addition to a razor and toothbrush, men should keep a change of shirt in their office so that they can go off in the evening looking refreshed.If the occasion is formal they too must store their black-tie paraphernalia and their dressy black shoes in their office.1.According to the text, some women have to work in pants because _______.2.”dress in good taste“(in Paragraph 3)may refer to_______.3.”The importance of grooming cannot be overemphasized"(in Paragraph 4)may most probably mean _______.4.It is suggested in the text that before leaving home for work _______.5.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

international city, we can put students in touch with many religious groups in this area.Finally, with excellent air, rail and road links to the rest of Britain, Europe and the world, getting here is easy.1.The University of London is situated at a city ____________.2.The University of London is famous for_______.3.Whenever international students have any difficulty in life, they can go to______ for help.4.The university assures the first year students that __________.5.The main purpose of this passage is to___________.

Unless he does something wrong, or he will not be criticized.His father’s behavior is very rude when he loses his temper.If he had done it earlier, he could have caught the train.I will have been studying here for nearly three years in July next year.No matter how many times she has showed the tourists around the city, she would not be sick of talking about her city.At the end of the 18th century, Britain became the world’s factory quickly.The headmaster awarded the excellent students the honor title.She is eager to be awarded prizes.She think her success is the result of efforts.How many chapters should be read for homework according to the teacher?

1、她被迫等了一個(gè)多小時(shí)（make）。

2、我建議你們早點(diǎn)動身去機(jī)場（suggest）。

3、一旦你顯出害怕的樣子，他就會向你進(jìn)攻（show,attack）.4、你弄到這些足球票費(fèi)了好大勁吧？

5、一輩子不犯錯(cuò)誤的人是沒有的。（lifetime）.She was made to wait for more than an hour.I suggest you leave for the airport earlier.Once you show scare, he will attack you.Did you make great effort to get these football tickets? There is nobody doesn’t make mistakes in a lifetime.1、從他的語音說明他是外國人。

.Bacteria are too small to be seen.2.細(xì)菌太小，肉眼看不見。

.Britain quickly became the world’s factory at the end of the 18 century.3.在十八世紀(jì)末，英國迅速成為世界的工廠

.We’ve been waiting two hours when he arrived.4.他到達(dá)時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)在那里等了2個(gè)小時(shí)。

.She wonders if it is cheaper to make a telephone call after 5 pm.5.她想知道是否下午5點(diǎn)后打電話更會省錢。

.The period of validity of these tickets are only 7 days.6.這些票的有效期只有7天。

.The headmaster awarded the excellent students the honor title.7.校長授予優(yōu)秀學(xué)生予榮譽(yù)稱號。You would have seen her if you arrived yesterday.8.假如你昨天到達(dá)，你就能見到她。

9.I’d like to know how to explain the importance of the space communication.9.我想知道如何解釋空間通訊的重要性。

10.He was applying for a clerk.10.他在申請一份職員工作。

11.The fruits were so heavy that they bent the branches.11.沉甸甸的果實(shí)壓彎了樹枝。

12.It was Newton who found that objects attract each other.

12.是牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)物體之間是互相吸引的。

13.Our army won that battle.13.我們的軍隊(duì)在那場戰(zhàn)斗中獲得勝利。

14.The hotel can hold 500 people.14.這家旅館能容納500人。

15.Jane was so proud of her city that she was never bored of guiding the tourists to look around.15.JANE為自己的城市自豪，當(dāng)她當(dāng)游客參觀時(shí)從不感到厭煩。

16.Nothing can interrupt him when he is working.16.當(dāng)他工作時(shí)，沒有什么事件能打擾他。

17.Although there is not enough time for the tough task, we still tried out best to accomplish it.17.盡管任務(wù)重時(shí)間緊，我們?nèi)匀慌θネ瓿伞?.His accent tells that he’s a foreigner.2.Bacteria are too small to be seen.3.重復(fù)

4.We had been waiting for two hours when he arrived.5.She wonders if it is cheaper to make a telephone call after 5 pm.6.The period of validity of these tickets are only 7 days.7.重復(fù)

8.If you had arrived yesterday, you could have seen her.9.I’d like to know how to explain the importance of the space communication.10.He is applying for a job of clerk.11.The fruits were so heavy that they bent the branches.12.It was Newton who found that objects attract each other.13.Our army won in that battle.14.The hotel can hold 500 people.15.Jane is so proud of her city that she is never sick of showing the tourists around.16.Nothing can interrupt him when he is working.17.Although there is not enough time for the tough task, we still try out best to accomplish it.我們完全意識到局勢的嚴(yán)重性(aware)。他們近期新建的機(jī)場距離城市20公里。如果 我見到她 我會叫她等一下

我懇求他們不要在她面前提起我的名字。我們就牛奶的供應(yīng)與農(nóng)場主計(jì)價(jià)還價(jià)。

當(dāng)你在學(xué)校附近，盡管周圍沒有小孩，你也必須減慢你的速度。

噴氣式飛機(jī)直到

Although the task is very tough, we still try our best to finish it.我們就供應(yīng)牛奶與農(nóng)場主討價(jià)還價(jià)(bargain)。

We bargained the creamery accommodation problem with the farmers.這家旅館可供500人住宿(accommodate)。

This hotel can accommodate five hundred persons.我們完全意識到局勢的嚴(yán)重性(aware)。

We have been aware of the ponderance of the situation completely.他被禁止入城(ban)。

He was banned to enter the city.到他來的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)等了他兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

We have been waiting for two hours when he arrived.1.他心跳得如此之快，以至于他幾乎喘不過氣來(beat)。His heart beats so fast that he could hardly breathe.2.無論卡門（Carmen）帶領(lǐng)人們參觀多少次，她似乎從不厭煩談?wù)撍某鞘小?/p>

No matter how many times Carmen shows people around her city, she never seems to get tired of talking about it.3.他工作時(shí)，什么也不能分散他的心思(abstract)。Nothing can abstract his mind while he works.4.他的口音說明他是個(gè)外國人(betray)。

His accent betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.5.到他來的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)等了他兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

We had been waiting for him for two hours by the time he came.1.他心跳得如此之快，以至于他幾乎喘不過氣來(beat)。His heart beats so fast that he could hardly breathe.2.無論卡門（Carmen）帶領(lǐng)人們參觀多少次，她似乎從不厭煩談?wù)撍某鞘小?/p>

No matter how many times Carmen shows people around her city, she never seems to get tired of talking about it.3.他工作時(shí)，什么也不能分散他的心思(abstract)。Nothing can abstract his mind while he works.4.他的口音說明他是個(gè)外國人(betray)。

His accent betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.5.到他來的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)等了他兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

We had been waiting for him for two hours by the time he came.

第四篇：電大本科

電大本科《美學(xué)概論》39個(gè)問與答

1、．怎樣理解美學(xué)的基本問題？

答：美學(xué)的基本問題是人的感性的活生生的整體形象如何生成、維護(hù)和發(fā)展的問題。它涉及四個(gè)具體方面：理性與感性；靜態(tài)與動態(tài)；局部與整體；概念與形象。

2．怎樣理解美學(xué)的特點(diǎn)和方法論要求？

答：美學(xué)的特點(diǎn)在于，它是一門理論性與批評性、體驗(yàn)性與闡釋性、學(xué)科性與跨學(xué)科性結(jié)合的人文學(xué)科。由此規(guī)定了美學(xué)的方法論要求是：在馬克思主義原理指導(dǎo)下尋求理論思辨與文本批評的結(jié)合、審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋的交匯、學(xué)科研究與跨學(xué)科研究的匯通。

3．試舉例論述理論思辨與文本批評結(jié)合的方法。

理論思辨與文本批評結(jié)合是美學(xué)研究的方法之一，它是由美學(xué)既是一門理論學(xué)科，又必須要密切關(guān)注具體現(xiàn)象的特點(diǎn)決定的。理論思辨指憑借概念、判斷和推理進(jìn)行抽象思考，文本批評則是指對于個(gè)別的審美現(xiàn)象的具體分析過程。

美學(xué)研究一方面要求運(yùn)用理論思辨的方法去分析豐富多樣的個(gè)別審美現(xiàn)象，從具體到抽象、從個(gè)別到一般，把握住具有普遍意義的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律來。另一方面也要求對于個(gè)別的審美現(xiàn)象，尤其是藝術(shù)作品，要自覺運(yùn)

用一定的一般理論去把握、分析，由抽象回歸具體，從一般回到個(gè)別，從而揭示出特定對象的特殊意義。在美學(xué)中，理論思辨和文本批評是相互結(jié)合的。我們在學(xué)習(xí)美學(xué)時(shí)，也要結(jié)合著美學(xué)理論的學(xué)習(xí)和對具體審美文本的鑒賞，來提高美學(xué)理論素養(yǎng)和文本批評的能力。不能重此輕彼。

例如當(dāng)我們對王羲之的書法作品《蘭亭集序》進(jìn)行美學(xué)分析時(shí)，既要憑借中國古典美學(xué)理論來把握住作品中蘊(yùn)藏的中國書法美學(xué)的普遍特性，又要注意挖掘出它在藝術(shù)上的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和獨(dú)特意味。這就應(yīng)從文本分析入手，通過作品獨(dú)特的點(diǎn)線造型和氣韻流動分析其中深厚的審美意味和人格風(fēng)貌。

4．試舉例論述審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋交匯的方法。

美學(xué)的對象是充滿感性特征的，但美學(xué)研究又要求對其予以理性闡釋，這就提出了審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋相交匯的方法論要求。

審美體驗(yàn)是特殊的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，它是指對于具體審美現(xiàn)象的深入而又獨(dú)特的感性直覺方式，是經(jīng)驗(yàn)中顯出深意、富于直覺和具有特殊感染力的形態(tài)。美學(xué)的對象充滿著感性特征，因此美學(xué)研究中應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用這種審美體驗(yàn)方式。理性闡釋是指對于具體審美現(xiàn)象的富于理智的分析方式，它要求研究者盡力克制一己的情感，運(yùn)用理智能力去抽象思考。

學(xué)習(xí)美學(xué)，要將審美體驗(yàn)和理性闡釋兩者交匯在一起，共同服務(wù)于對審美現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識。如此，才符合美學(xué)學(xué)科的特性。例如，“夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏”的詩句，就是審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋結(jié)合的經(jīng)典范例?？绰淙瘴飨拢臼且环N尋常的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，然而詩人此時(shí)關(guān)于落日的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻因獨(dú)特的、深沉的情感激蕩而及其富于直覺性和感染性，這里融聚了深切的個(gè)性感悟。同時(shí)，對這一審美現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行理性闡釋時(shí)，我們能清楚地分析出其中蘊(yùn)涵的深層意義，那種對即將逝去的生命的輝煌的無限留戀，以及冷靜地面對將要到來的生命黃昏的理性態(tài)度。

5．試舉例論述學(xué)科研究與跨學(xué)科匯通（互動借鑒）的方法。

學(xué)科研究，是指基于對美學(xué)學(xué)科的已有理解而展開的內(nèi)部研究。體現(xiàn)了美學(xué)作為獨(dú)立的學(xué)科而不同于其他學(xué)科的學(xué)科特性。但是，由于美學(xué)所研究的是人的感性的活生生的整體形象，又必定要借鑒其他學(xué)科的資源，因而又體現(xiàn)出一種跨學(xué)科特性。

從這個(gè)角度提出了美學(xué)的學(xué)科研究與跨學(xué)科研究匯通的方法論要求。只有用這種兩相結(jié)合的方法，才能既保持獨(dú)特的問題領(lǐng)域，又以一種積極的姿態(tài)向其他學(xué)科領(lǐng)域開放，引進(jìn)和借鑒其他學(xué)科的知識，為理解對象提供多方面的理論資源和闡釋渠道。

例如在閱讀和鑒賞小說作品時(shí)，首先要注意運(yùn)用美學(xué)學(xué)科知識中關(guān)于語言藝術(shù)的審美特征去把握作品在語言、文體、性格刻畫、環(huán)境描寫、意境營造等方面的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)和審美成就，同時(shí)還可以運(yùn)用其他學(xué)科如社會學(xué)、政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、法律學(xué)、人口學(xué)等知識去閱讀，兩者匯通，相互激發(fā)，可以獲得豐富的、全新的審美感受。

6．怎樣理解美學(xué)的基本問題？

答：美學(xué)的基本問題是人的感性的活生生的整體形象如何生成、維護(hù)和發(fā)展的問題。它涉及四個(gè)具體方面：理性與感性；靜態(tài)與動態(tài)；局部與整體；概念與形象。

7．怎樣理解美學(xué)的特點(diǎn)和方法論要求？

答：美學(xué)的特點(diǎn)在于，它是一門理論性與批評性、體驗(yàn)性與闡釋性、學(xué)科性與跨學(xué)科性結(jié)合的人文學(xué)科。由此規(guī)定了美學(xué)的方法論要求是：在馬克思主義原理指導(dǎo)下尋求理論思辨與文本批評的結(jié)合、審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋的交匯、學(xué)科研究與跨學(xué)科研究的匯通。

8．試舉例論述理論思辨與文本批評結(jié)合的方法。

理論思辨與文本批評結(jié)合是美學(xué)研究的方法之一，它是由美學(xué)既是一門理論學(xué)科，又必須要密切關(guān)注具體現(xiàn)象的特點(diǎn)決定的。理論思辨指憑借概念、判斷和推理進(jìn)行抽象思考，文本批評則是指對于個(gè)別的審美現(xiàn)象的具體分析過程。

美學(xué)研究一方面要求運(yùn)用理論思辨的方法去分析豐富多樣的個(gè)別審美現(xiàn)象，從具體到抽象、從個(gè)別到一般，把握住具有普遍意義的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律來。另一方面也要求對于個(gè)別的審美現(xiàn)象，尤其是藝術(shù)作品，要自覺運(yùn)用一定的一般理論去把握、分析，由抽象回歸具體，從一般回到個(gè)別，從而揭示出特定對象的特殊意義。

在美學(xué)中，理論思辨和文本批評是相互結(jié)合的。我們在學(xué)習(xí)美學(xué)時(shí)，也要結(jié)合著美學(xué)理論的學(xué)習(xí)和對具體審美文本的鑒賞，來提高美學(xué)理論素養(yǎng)和文本批評的能力。不能重此輕彼。

例如當(dāng)我們對王羲之的書法作品《蘭亭集序》進(jìn)行美學(xué)分析時(shí)，既要憑借中國古典美學(xué)理論來把握住作品中蘊(yùn)藏的中國書法美學(xué)的普遍特性，又要注意挖掘出它在藝術(shù)上的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和獨(dú)特意味。這就應(yīng)從文本分析入手，通過作品獨(dú)特的點(diǎn)線造型和氣韻流動分析其中深厚的審美意味和人格風(fēng)貌。

9．試舉例論述審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋交匯的方法。

美學(xué)的對象是充滿感性特征的，但美學(xué)研究又要求對其予以理性闡釋，這就提出了審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋相交匯的方法論要求。

審美體驗(yàn)是特殊的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，它是指對于具體審美現(xiàn)象的深入而又獨(dú)特的感性直覺方式，是經(jīng)驗(yàn)中顯出深意、富于直覺和具有特殊感染力的形態(tài)。美學(xué)的對象充滿著感性特征，因此美學(xué)研究中應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用這種審美體驗(yàn)方式。理性闡釋是指對于具體審美現(xiàn)象的富于理智的分析方式，它要求研究者盡力克制一己的情感，運(yùn)用理智能力去抽象思考。

學(xué)習(xí)美學(xué)，要將審美體驗(yàn)和理性闡釋兩者交匯在一起，共同服務(wù)于對審美現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識。如此，才符合美學(xué)學(xué)科的特性。例如，“夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏”的詩句，就是審美體驗(yàn)與理性闡釋結(jié)合的經(jīng)典范例。

看落日西下，本是一種尋常的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，然而詩人此時(shí)關(guān)于落日的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻因獨(dú)特的、深沉的情感激蕩而及其富于直覺性和感染性，這里融聚了深切的個(gè)性感悟。同時(shí)，對這一審美現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行理性闡釋時(shí)，我們能清楚地分析出其中蘊(yùn)涵的深層意義，那種對即將逝去的生命的輝煌的無限留戀，以及冷靜地面對將要到來的生命黃昏的理性態(tài)度。

10．試舉例論述學(xué)科研究與跨學(xué)科匯通（互動借鑒）的方法。

學(xué)科研究，是指基于對美學(xué)學(xué)科的已有理解而展開的內(nèi)部研究。體現(xiàn)了美學(xué)作為獨(dú)立的學(xué)科而不同于其他學(xué)科的學(xué)科特性。但是，由于美學(xué)所研究的是人的感性的活生生的整體形象，又必定要借鑒其他學(xué)科的資源，因而又體現(xiàn)出一種跨學(xué)科特性。

從這個(gè)角度提出了美學(xué)的學(xué)科研究與跨學(xué)科研究匯通的方法論要求。只有用這種兩相結(jié)合的方法，才能既保持獨(dú)特的問題領(lǐng)域，又以一種積極的姿態(tài)向其他學(xué)科領(lǐng)域開放，引進(jìn)和借鑒其他學(xué)科的知識，為理解對象提供多方面的理論資源和闡釋渠道。

例如在閱讀和鑒賞小說作品時(shí)，首先要注意運(yùn)用美學(xué)學(xué)科知識中關(guān)于語言藝術(shù)的審美特征去把握作品在語言、文體、性格刻畫、環(huán)境描寫、意境營造等方面的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)和審美成就，同時(shí)還可以運(yùn)用其他學(xué)科如社會學(xué)、政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、法律學(xué)、人口學(xué)等知識去閱讀，兩者匯通，相互激發(fā)，可以獲得豐富的、全新的審美感受。

11．什么是美的符號性

美的符號性是美的基本特征之一。它是指美具有物質(zhì)化形態(tài)的特性。這種特性具體表現(xiàn)在三方面：美以符號形式向人類傳達(dá)其內(nèi)在意義；人類通過符號表達(dá)人生的美；人類還通過符號構(gòu)建一個(gè)相互溝通的美的世界。

12．什么是美的無功利性

美的無功利性是美的基本特征之一。它是指美的事物與人直接的實(shí)際利益考慮相脫離的特性。這種特性包含兩個(gè)基本方面：一方面客觀對象不直接喚起主體的實(shí)際利益需要，另一方面主體對客體不做實(shí)際的功利評價(jià)。

13．什么是技術(shù)美

技術(shù)美是美的形態(tài)的一種，指技術(shù)活動的美。它是技術(shù)活動中那種能體現(xiàn)人的開拓和創(chuàng)造本性并具有生命活力的活的形象。技術(shù)美有三層主要含義：一是指技術(shù)對象的直觀形式使人類得到感官愉悅，二是指技術(shù)對象是對人的自由活動的肯定，三是指技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了更為廣闊的審美世界。

14．什么是荒誕

荒誕是西方現(xiàn)代審美范疇之一，指呈現(xiàn)在極其不和諧的形式中并引起人的復(fù)雜感受的現(xiàn)代情緒。表現(xiàn)荒誕是為了征服荒誕。

15．人是社會美的中心，自然美是與人無關(guān)，這種說法是否正確，為什么？

答：錯(cuò)。這種說法只承認(rèn)了人在社會美中的中心地位，而否定了自然美的實(shí)質(zhì)也在于它在人類符號實(shí)踐中所體現(xiàn)出來的價(jià)值。即自然正是在人類的符號實(shí)踐中成為獨(dú)立的審美對象，獲得了美的屬性，成為人的自由的生命活力的符號。自然美與人緊密相關(guān)，無法割裂。

16．“丑得如此精美”是否正確，為什么？

答：對。因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)的“化丑為美”是藝術(shù)家征服丑的過程，其中一種重要的征服策略就是運(yùn)用藝術(shù)符號的形式創(chuàng)造力量。藝術(shù)家的活動是利用自然和現(xiàn)實(shí)提供的材料創(chuàng)造具有表現(xiàn)性的藝術(shù)符號，而藝術(shù)符號具有奇特的建構(gòu)力量，經(jīng)過這種創(chuàng)造性的建構(gòu)，征服現(xiàn)實(shí)中的丑，可以使現(xiàn)實(shí)中的“丑”的東西獲得美的形式，正是在這一意義上，“丑得如此精美”成立。七．怎樣理解語言論美學(xué)如何對待美的本質(zhì)問題？

語言論美學(xué)的核心是追問語言問題，在美的本質(zhì)的問題上，它認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)的理性與感性問題不再是美學(xué)的中心問題，而是新的語言與意義的問題。語言論美學(xué)的本質(zhì)觀是：宣布美的本質(zhì)是偽問題，認(rèn)定美學(xué)的唯一問題是清理語言。

17．美的感染力體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？

美的感染性是指美具有一種使人感動的特性，具體體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：主體與客體之間的交感、人與物之間的動感和主體的精神性快感。交感是指主客體之間發(fā)生的一種雙向感動過程。動感是人與世界、心靈與事物之間的動態(tài)作用過程。精神性快感不同于生物本能的滿足，它指一種精神的愉悅和升華，屬于精神的解放和自由。

18．自然在人類符號實(shí)踐中獲得美的屬性經(jīng)歷了哪幾個(gè)階段？

答：自然在人類符號實(shí)踐中獲得美的屬性，經(jīng)歷了如下階段：

第一階段，史前階段，自然作為人類異己的符號，不存在美與丑的問題。

第二階段，動物自然首先成為人類對話的伙伴，成為人的審美對象。

第三階段，山水自然作為人類的自由的生命活力的符號，成為獨(dú)立的審美對象，從而完全獲得美的屬性。

第四階段，高科技對象，宏觀如太空，極地，海底世界等，微觀如納米世界等。

第五階段，自然界的特殊現(xiàn)象，如海嘯，地震，火山爆發(fā)，泥石流，雪崩等。

第六階段，人體美，人體美是自然美發(fā)展的最高階段，因?yàn)樗蔀樽匀幻琅c社會美的連接樞紐。

19．社會風(fēng)俗美有哪些特征？

社會風(fēng)俗美是指風(fēng)俗在歷史的流變中揚(yáng)棄了其現(xiàn)實(shí)功利性和直接的倫理意義，從而成為一種審美符號。社會風(fēng)俗美的三個(gè)顯著的特征是：豐富的差異性；作為特定地域人民生存根本靈魂的古樸性；順乎人的自然需求的自然性。

20．文化語境和藝術(shù)活動的關(guān)系怎樣？

答：藝術(shù)體驗(yàn)和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造，都必定發(fā)生在一定的文化語境中。文化語境為藝術(shù)活動提供了基本的價(jià)值規(guī)范，為藝術(shù)活動制定了基本的審美慣例。另一方面藝術(shù)活動又不是消極地屈從于文化語境，而是積極推動基本價(jià)值的變革和發(fā)展。

21．技術(shù)對審美活動的積極影響表現(xiàn)在哪些方面？

答：技術(shù)是人類永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造、延伸的符號，它對人類審美活動的積極影響體現(xiàn)在：技術(shù)對象的感官形式給人類感官帶來愉悅，豐富人的直觀感受；技術(shù)作為人的自由活動的結(jié)果，服務(wù)于人類，成為人的文化精神的象征，開闊了人類的審美視野；技術(shù)擴(kuò)大和豐富了自然美與社會美的內(nèi)容，給藝術(shù)提供了挑戰(zhàn)與契機(jī)。

22．論述美的形象性特征。

答：美的形象性是美的基本特征之一，它是指美通過符號形式而創(chuàng)造具體可感畫面的特性。從客體方面理解，美總是在符號形式中呈現(xiàn)為具體可感、豐富活潑的生動形象；從主體方面來說，美依賴于主體對形象的直覺。這主客體的交互作用造就了生動感人的美。

首先，美必須呈現(xiàn)為形象。形象是事物的形、色、聲、味、態(tài)諸方面的統(tǒng)一體，是具體可感的生動存在方式。人的豐富情緒通過形象而獲得實(shí)在的質(zhì)感。形象是美的呈現(xiàn)方式，離開了形象，美無影無蹤，無從談起。

第二，美的形象不依賴概念和推理，而依賴于人對對象的直覺。美的形象在主體和對象交互影響、召喚和應(yīng)答中誕生和呈現(xiàn)。

第三，美的形象極富生命節(jié)奏和韻律，它往往是不停流動和變易，呈現(xiàn)生機(jī)勃勃的活力。第四，美的形象以音樂為最高境界。按照中國人的審美觀念，宇宙和心靈深處的深層音響顯現(xiàn)為形象中內(nèi)涵的節(jié)奏和韻律的躍動，而這正是音樂的審美特征。

例如詩句“落紅不是無情物，化作春泥更護(hù)花”，落紅作為大自然生生不息的活力豐沛的象征性形象，是可見可觸可聞的實(shí)實(shí)在在的具體形象，而且這個(gè)美的形象不是通過層層邏輯推理得來的，而是人在與落紅這個(gè)自然物交互影響和應(yīng)答中直接察覺到的。鮮花而為落紅，落紅而為春泥，體現(xiàn)著自然生命的流變和內(nèi)在韻律。

再比如“梁?；保@個(gè)感動了難以數(shù)計(jì)的中國人的美的形象，有過詩歌、舞蹈、繪畫等藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式，而常聽常新、百聽不厭，每一次欣賞都能激起心靈深處的感動的，還是音樂作品——小提琴協(xié)奏曲《梁?！贰Ｕ且?yàn)橐魳分兴憩F(xiàn)的情感運(yùn)動的節(jié)奏、韻律暗合并顯現(xiàn)了人心底的情感節(jié)律和生命活動，成為至高無上的動人形象。

23．論述藝術(shù)美的本質(zhì)。

答：藝術(shù)美的基本特征體現(xiàn)在藝術(shù)符號的形式與意蘊(yùn)、藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中的創(chuàng)造與規(guī)范、藝術(shù)接受中的個(gè)體與社會的統(tǒng)一三個(gè)方面。

首先，藝術(shù)作品是形式與意蘊(yùn)的統(tǒng)一。這是藝術(shù)美的首要特征。藝術(shù)符號是有意蘊(yùn)的，但它必須通過一定形式表現(xiàn)出來，二者是有機(jī)融合的整體，而不是簡單相加或彼此分離。如徐悲鴻的《奔馬圖》，風(fēng)馳電掣、生動逼真的奔馬形象表現(xiàn)出深沉的愛國情思和熱切期望祖國進(jìn)步發(fā)達(dá)的精神意蘊(yùn)，二者水乳交融，不可剝離。

第二，藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作又是創(chuàng)造和規(guī)范的統(tǒng)一。創(chuàng)造性是藝術(shù)的重要特征，作為藝術(shù)家生命的個(gè)性表現(xiàn)，藝術(shù)美既必須接受藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作規(guī)范的制約，又應(yīng)充分體現(xiàn)藝術(shù)家的獨(dú)特創(chuàng)造精神，它應(yīng)是對傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范的挑戰(zhàn)，這兩方面的辨證統(tǒng)一方能形成藝術(shù)美。徐悲鴻的奔馬之所以成為藝術(shù)美的經(jīng)典形象，就在于表現(xiàn)出了鮮明的在繼承傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上可貴而卓有成效的創(chuàng)造性，成為獨(dú)一無二的“這一個(gè)”。

第三，在藝術(shù)接受中觀眾的審美觀照既有個(gè)體差異，而個(gè)體的審美愉悅又具有可普遍傳達(dá)性，符合一定社會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在個(gè)體差異和社會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間保持動態(tài)統(tǒng)一。

24．司空圖《二十四詩品?典雅》寫道：“玉壺買春，賞雨茆屋，坐中佳士，左右修竹。白云初晴，幽鳥相逐，眠琴綠蔭，上有飛瀑。落華屋檐，人淡如菊。書之歲華，其曰可讀?！痹囌撨@段以詩品詩的話語的美學(xué)含義。答：這段詩論，以典雅的語言，列舉了一系列典雅的形象，生動論述了詩的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，形象地呈現(xiàn)了作為中國古典美學(xué)重要范疇的“典雅”的含義。

它包含了以下三層含義：藝術(shù)形式上的樸素性。藝術(shù)意境上氣韻的生動性；審美趣味上的超俗性。

茅屋、修竹、白云、飛鳥、濃綠的樹陰、自在的瀑布、檐下落花、恬淡的人兒，這些自然的景觀無一不是按照自身的生命節(jié)奏自由自在地呈現(xiàn)著、運(yùn)動著，無言而生動，自然天成，平易卻盡顯高古超凡的風(fēng)韻。

它們盡性而為，充滿內(nèi)在活力，在平淡中流露出難以抗拒的審美意蘊(yùn)。同時(shí)，這些典雅的事物形象與低俗淺陋的事物決然對立，呈現(xiàn)出一種規(guī)范雅致、與勢利絕緣的清高風(fēng)韻，表現(xiàn)了超凡脫俗的精神境界。

這三方面的美學(xué)意義，構(gòu)成了“典雅”這一美學(xué)范疇突出而集中地體現(xiàn)出的中國古典文化的審美理想。

25．什么是審美直覺

答：審美直覺是審美心理活動中最顯著、最基本的現(xiàn)象。它是一種特殊的感受方式，是主體對事物感性形式的直接的、整體的、動情的觀照。

26．什么是審美通感

答：審美通感又稱審美統(tǒng)覺或?qū)徝缆?lián)覺，它是指在主體的審美知覺中各種感覺的通串、滲透和挪移構(gòu)成的協(xié)同運(yùn)動，是審美知覺的整體性的表現(xiàn)。

27．什么是藝術(shù)物化

答：物化是指把無形的體驗(yàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為可感的形象。藝術(shù)物化是指在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造活動中，藝術(shù)主體把心靈中的審美體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造性地轉(zhuǎn)化為生動感人的藝術(shù)形象。

28．什么是審美認(rèn)同

答：審美認(rèn)同是指在審美體驗(yàn)中，主體把自我置于他人的情境中進(jìn)行體認(rèn)。審美認(rèn)同是藝術(shù)功能實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要方式。

29．美感和快感都是令人愉快的感覺，它們之間沒有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的區(qū)別，這種說法對嗎，為什么？

答：錯(cuò)。因?yàn)榭旄惺菨M足了本能欲望所得到的快樂感，是人和動物均具有的。而美感則是人無功利地直觀對象而獲得的精神上的滿足和愉悅感，體現(xiàn)了人類世界對自然事物的超越.因而美感不僅有生物學(xué)的淵源，同時(shí)有社會學(xué)的依據(jù)，只有人具有美感，動物則不具備。故美感和快感有明顯的區(qū)別：

A、層次不同：快感是生理本能平臺上的滿足，美感是精神人性空間里的愉悅。

B、對象不同：快感對象是客體的內(nèi)容和實(shí)體，美感對象是客體的形式和境界。

C、獲取不同：快感取決于對對象的占有消耗，美感得宜于對對象的觀照呵護(hù)。

D、性質(zhì)不同：快感進(jìn)行時(shí)具有唯我性排他性，美感展開時(shí)具有社會性共享性。

E、意義不同：快感有助于維護(hù)生存身心健康，美感有助于自我實(shí)現(xiàn)人性提升。

F、存在不同：快感的存在是單次性瞬間性的，美感的存在是彌散性積淀性的。

30．理解因素滲透在美感經(jīng)驗(yàn)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)上，與多種心理因素交織在一起。

答：對。因?yàn)槊栏须m然是非概念的直覺，卻同時(shí)具有著理性因素，是直覺中的理解。在整個(gè)美感心理運(yùn)動過程中，理解活動與直覺、情感、想象等多種心理因素交織在一起，滲透于美感經(jīng)驗(yàn)諸環(huán)節(jié)中。它具有前提性和融會性，作為審美心理運(yùn)動的指向，提升直覺，組織想象，規(guī)范情感，在審美活動中起著積極的作用。

31．日常心理與審美心理有什么區(qū)別？有什么聯(lián)系？

答：日常心理與審美心理既有區(qū)別又有聯(lián)系。其區(qū)別在于日常心理是人對客觀對象做出的實(shí)用功利和邏輯認(rèn)知的反應(yīng)，審美心理是人對客觀對象作出的美感的反應(yīng)。其聯(lián)系在于審美心理是日常心理的超越和升華，是主體從功利態(tài)度、認(rèn)知態(tài)度向?qū)徝缿B(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)化。審美態(tài)度的確立將日常心理轉(zhuǎn)化為審美心理，主體就采取無功利和非概念的姿態(tài)對事物進(jìn)行審美觀照。這種無功利和非概念的審美活動，是一種自由的精神活動，也就是美感。

32． 西方美學(xué)史上關(guān)于美感起源的觀點(diǎn)有哪些？

答：西方美學(xué)史上對于美感起源的探索大致有如下幾種觀點(diǎn)：第一種，以柏拉圖為代表，認(rèn)為美感是“神賜的迷狂”；第二種，夏夫茲博里認(rèn)為美感是人的“內(nèi)在感官”對事物的感覺；第三種，亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)是，認(rèn)為美感是對美的事物的模仿或反應(yīng)，或來自于對客觀對象的感覺，或是客觀事物的美在感官中的反映（人像照鏡子一樣在對象上看到了自己的生活）；第四種，認(rèn)為美感是人的生命力量的表現(xiàn)或投射。

33． 為什么說審美活動離不開直覺？

答：直覺是審美活動的基礎(chǔ)，審美活動自始至終都離不開直覺。第一，審美直覺是美感心理的門戶。這是因?yàn)楦惺苁且磺行睦砘顒拥钠瘘c(diǎn)。人是開放的存在物，感官就是主體向世界敞開的門戶。通過感覺，人與世界展開了物質(zhì)、能量和信息的交換；而且作為特殊感受方式的審美直覺也是美感心理的起點(diǎn)，例如對自然的直接感受是自然美感產(chǎn)生的感性基礎(chǔ)。第二，審美直覺是審美意象誕生的前提和基礎(chǔ)。審美直覺是對事物感性形式的觀照，這種過程就是主體情感與對象形式的同構(gòu)。情感賦予形式以生命，形式使情感得以對象化，情感與形式的契合就是審

美意象產(chǎn)生的前提。第三，審美直覺指向意義。有直接的感受，才有強(qiáng)烈的情感，審美感覺、知覺、通感都在對事物形式的觀照中貫注了情感，也強(qiáng)化了情感。情感驅(qū)動著想象，想象所建構(gòu)的符號宇宙象征著人類的價(jià)值與意義。

34． 審美移情有哪幾種類型？

答：審美移情有四種具體類型：一是統(tǒng)覺移情，即主體賦予對象以自己的生命，對象在主體的統(tǒng)一感受之中成為活的形象；二是經(jīng)驗(yàn)移情，即主體把對象擬人化，把自己的感受經(jīng)驗(yàn)投射在對象上，使難以言傳的感受呈現(xiàn)為可感的形象；三是氣氛移情，即主體將自己的一種整體氣氛的感受滲透在客觀景象中，從而鋪展情感流動的空間；四是表現(xiàn)移情，即主體把自己的價(jià)值理想寄托于客觀事物。四種移情現(xiàn)象都是把生命與世界統(tǒng)一，把情感與景象相聯(lián)。

35． 審美體驗(yàn)有哪些特征？

答：審美體驗(yàn)具有原構(gòu)性、歷構(gòu)性、超構(gòu)性和預(yù)構(gòu)性的特征。原構(gòu)性，是指審美體驗(yàn)具有原始建構(gòu)的性質(zhì)，這種原構(gòu)性賦予美感以強(qiáng)度。歷構(gòu)性，是指審美體驗(yàn)具有歷史建構(gòu)的性質(zhì)。體驗(yàn)的歷史建構(gòu)包括兩個(gè)方面：一是個(gè)人生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)對精神的建構(gòu)，二是社會經(jīng)驗(yàn)對精神的建構(gòu)。審美體驗(yàn)的歷構(gòu)性使美感獲得了深度。超構(gòu)性，是指審美體驗(yàn)具有超越現(xiàn)實(shí)、超越個(gè)體而進(jìn)行意義建構(gòu)的性質(zhì)。審美體驗(yàn)的超構(gòu)性使美感獲得了高度。預(yù)構(gòu)性，是指審美體驗(yàn)具有預(yù)先建構(gòu)未來形象的性質(zhì)。審美體驗(yàn)的預(yù)構(gòu)性使美感通往了人的遠(yuǎn)景。

36． 什么是美的感受能力？

答：美的感受能力，是指主體直接把握世界和人自身的美的敏銳能力。它是審美素養(yǎng)的核心，培養(yǎng)美的感受能力是美育的基礎(chǔ)。

37． 什么是美感活動中主體和對象的互動關(guān)系。

答：美感是人對美的事物的自由感受，在審美活動中，主體不是作為被動的接受者消極地等待來自對象的感動，對象也不是機(jī)械的存在物被動地等待主體的反映，在美感活動中，主體具有強(qiáng)烈意向，對象具有豐富生命，二者

互相呼喚和應(yīng)答，同時(shí)又互相建構(gòu)和塑造，由此形成了動態(tài)的審美體驗(yàn)過程。這種互動關(guān)系體現(xiàn)在以下三方面：第一，主體與對象互相呼喚和應(yīng)答。主體期待對象，對象誘惑主體，二者之間展開呼喚與應(yīng)答的交流活動，在這種積極的、能動的交流中生成了美感。例如中國古典美學(xué)家運(yùn)用“物感”來描述對象對主體的積極影響，運(yùn)用“感物”來描述主體對對象的能動作用。自然之氣變化無窮，這生動變化的事物搖撼感動人的性情，而人對事物的感受和評價(jià)，滲透著主體精神的感覺，則積極回應(yīng)并浸染事物。

第二，主體與對象互相建構(gòu)和塑造。對象改變了主體，主體也改變了對象。對象對主體的改變，是指對象刺激主體，引發(fā)主體感覺的運(yùn)動，激活主體情感。對象的不同存在方式和呈現(xiàn)形態(tài)建構(gòu)并塑造了主體的不同美感心理。主體對對象的改變，是指主體通過感覺賦予對象以情感生命，使對象成為活的形象?！拔乙娗嗌蕉鄫趁?，料青山見我亦如是”，這詩句就生動地體現(xiàn)了人對自然對象的這種充滿人情味的積極交流和塑造。

第三，主體和對象的互動推進(jìn)了審美體驗(yàn)過程。隨著審美體驗(yàn)過程的推進(jìn)，對象展示出它的豐富形態(tài)，主體表現(xiàn)出他的復(fù)雜情感。這種情形在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造活動中得到了最充分的體現(xiàn)。

38． 什么是審美情感在美感活動中的地位和作用。

答：美感活動是多種心理的綜合協(xié)同運(yùn)動，審美情感對于美感心理是關(guān)鍵的、決定性的要素。它的地位與作用具體表現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：它是美感心理的動力和中介，是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的驅(qū)動力。

第一，審美情感是美感心理的動力。情感是人的感性力量的表現(xiàn)，它作為一種活躍的心理因素，驅(qū)動著審美欲望的現(xiàn)實(shí)化，審美期待的具體化，并通往審美理解。例如林黛玉葬花是希望“質(zhì)本潔來還潔去，不教污淖染渠溝”，清高孤傲的黛玉自愛自憐的情感驅(qū)動她格外地憐惜和觀照性質(zhì)高潔卻在風(fēng)雨中飄零的落花，落花這一活的形象就是審美欲望的現(xiàn)實(shí)化。同時(shí)，落花這一形象具體而可感，這也是在主體情感推動下使審美期待借助想象而具體化。并且，在強(qiáng)烈的情感運(yùn)動中，使審美活動達(dá)到一種深層的感動和理解，領(lǐng)悟到難以言傳的生命意義。

第二，審美情感是美感心理的中介。美感心理是以情感為中介的諸種心理要素的協(xié)同作用，同時(shí)審美活動所創(chuàng)造的形象也是由情感賦予它們以親和力?！岸∠憧战Y(jié)雨中愁”，人們對這一形象的審美，就調(diào)動了嗅覺、視覺、聽覺和體覺等多種感覺器官，由愁怨的情感使諸種感覺協(xié)同起來，集中在“雨中丁香”這一形象上面。同時(shí)，“丁香”和“雨”這兩種事物也不是機(jī)械地并置，而是由情感賦予它們以親和力，共同表現(xiàn)一種淡淡的哀愁。

第三，審美情感是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的動力。藝術(shù)是人類情感的符號表現(xiàn)形式，情感是藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)的對象，同時(shí)又是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的動力因素。真誠的情感是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的根本，是藝術(shù)存在的理由。

39． 什么是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作過程論述審美體驗(yàn)與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系。

答：藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造過程一般分為互相關(guān)聯(lián)、漸層推進(jìn)的三個(gè)主要環(huán)節(jié)：興發(fā)階段、構(gòu)思階段和物化階段。審美體驗(yàn)既是藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造活動的起點(diǎn)，又是貫穿整個(gè)過程的創(chuàng)造性動力因素。

第一，審美體驗(yàn)是藝術(shù)興發(fā)的根本動力。藝術(shù)興發(fā)不是什么神秘力量的作用，而是審美體驗(yàn)醞釀而導(dǎo)致的精神爆發(fā)效應(yīng)。“為什么我的眼中常含淚水？因?yàn)槲覍@土地愛得深沉”，詩人艾青的詩句生動地表明是對祖國眷念的情感體驗(yàn)、深沉的憂患意識的長期積聚和醞釀，激活了詩人詩歌創(chuàng)作的欲望和激情。

第二，審美體驗(yàn)是藝術(shù)構(gòu)思的內(nèi)在邏輯。藝術(shù)構(gòu)思是主體在豐富體驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，把客觀物象變?yōu)閷徝酪庀蟮倪^程。俄國作家阿?托爾斯泰在《苦難的歷程》，第二部題記中說其作品“在清水里泡三次、在血水里浴三次、在堿水里煮三次”，這種深刻的豐富體驗(yàn)給藝術(shù)構(gòu)思所帶來的不僅是豐富的材料，最重要的是賦予藝術(shù)構(gòu)思以內(nèi)在的邏輯。這種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造的特定邏輯就是審美體驗(yàn)的邏輯，或者說情感的邏輯、想象的邏輯，它們在根本上都是人的生命活動的內(nèi)在律動。

第三，審美體驗(yàn)是藝術(shù)物化的終極根據(jù)。藝術(shù)物化，是指藝術(shù)主體把心靈中的審美體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造性地轉(zhuǎn)化為生動可感的藝術(shù)形象的過程?！都t樓夢》“滿紙荒唐言，一把辛酸淚”，是曹雪芹“十年辛苦不尋?！保讶松钠鄾龊托了?、歷史的沒落與哀宛，化為賈史王薛四大家族的蒼茫命運(yùn)和眾多的人物形象。那是主體的審美體驗(yàn)在心靈中生成的審美意象的物化，它們的最后根據(jù)就在審美體驗(yàn)之中。

第五篇：電大本科英語2計(jì)分作業(yè)

電大本科英語2計(jì)分作業(yè)

一、單選題

1、Sam, this is my friend, Jane.A.I’m Jack

B.Glad to meet you, Jane

C.Glad to meet you, Sam D.Very well, thank you

2、Mary said to me, “If I had seen your bag, I ________ it to you.”

A.will return B.would have returned

C.could return D.must return

3、Does this patient’s record need ___________ now? No, you can finish it later.A.complete B.C.D.B.to complete C.completing

D.completed

4、Can you help me clear up the mess? A.Tell me who made it B.No trouble at all C.Yes, that’ll be all right D.No problem

5、These new processes _____________.A.should be controlled

B.should control C.should be controlling D.should controlled

6、What’s the fare to the museum?

A.Five hours B.Five o’clock

C.Five miles D.Five dollars

7、Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village ________ he belonged.A.which B.to which

C.to where D.at which

8、What’s the best way to get to the Empire Hotel from here?

A.It’s five blocks away

B.Walking through the wood

C.It’s a twenty-minute walk D.Half an hour if we drive fast

9、How was the journey to London? A.It went very well

B.It was a nine-hour plane journey C.I flew there D.I was very well

10、We are going to have our office _________ to make room for a new engineer.A.to rearrange B.rearrange C.rearranged

D.rearranging

11、Robert is said __________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A.to have been studying

B.to study C.to be studying D.to be studied

12、Could I talk to Prof.Lee? A.Yes, speaking

B.Oh, it’s you

C.I’m waiting for you

D.I am the operator here

13、I’ve got a bad cold today.A.Thank you for telling me B.Oh, dear!I hope you get better soon

C.It isn’t serious

D.It’ll be better soon

14、Could you tell me ________? A.how long you live here B.how long have you lived here C.how long you have lived here

D.how long did you live here

15、If the weather had been good, the children ________ out for a walk.A.had gone B.would go C.could have gone

D.went

16、That dinner was the most expensive meal we _____________.A.would have B.have had C.have ever had D.had ever had

17、I _____ reading the book by the end of this week.A.shall finish B.shall have finish C.shall has finished D.shall have finished

18、John Walters claimed that this lack of information ___________ in negative feelings towards the media.A.have resulted B.had resulted

C.resulted D.results

19、He _________ his father for both of them love walking in the countryside.A.looks B.is like

C.looks like D.like 20、What do you do? A.I’m a teacher

B.I live in a small town C.I come from a small town D.I like teaching