第一篇:林肯兩次經(jīng)典演說
一、葛底斯堡演說詞
亞伯拉罕·林肯
八十七年前,我們的先輩在這個大陸上建立起一個嶄新的國家。這個國家以自由為理想,奉行所有人生來平等的原則。
我們正在進行一場偉大的國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭。我們的國家或任何一個有著同樣理想與目標(biāo)的國家能否長久存在,這次戰(zhàn)爭是一場考驗?,F(xiàn)在我們——在這場戰(zhàn)爭的一個偉大戰(zhàn)場[3]上——聚會在一起,將這戰(zhàn)場上的一小塊土地奉獻給那些為國家生存而英勇捐軀的人們,作為他們最后的安息之地。我們這樣做是完全適當(dāng)?shù)?、?yīng)該的。
然而,從深一層的意義上說來,我們沒有能力奉獻這塊土地,沒有能力使這塊土地變得更為神圣。因為在這里進行過斗爭的、活著的和已經(jīng)死去的勇士們,已經(jīng)使這塊土地變得這樣圣潔,我們的微力已不足以對它有所揚抑。我今天在這里說的話,也許世人不會注意也不會記住,但是這些英雄的業(yè)績,人們會永世不忘。
我們后來者應(yīng)該做的,是獻身于英雄們曾在此為之奮斗、努力推進但尚未完成的工作。我們應(yīng)該獻身于他們遺留給我們的偉大任務(wù)。我們的先烈已將自己的全部精誠賦予我們的事業(yè),我們應(yīng)從他們的榜樣中汲取更多的精神力量,決心使他們的鮮血不至白流。在上帝的護佑下,我們的國家將獲得自由的新生。我們這個民有、民治、民享的政府將永存于世上。(簡介:這是林肯1863年11月19[4]日在葛底斯堡陣亡將士公墓落成儀式上發(fā)表的演說,是公認(rèn)的英語演講的最高典范。)
The Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
November 19, 1863
-Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.-Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle-field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives.That nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.-But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.-It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usthat cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotionthat these dead shall not have died in vainand that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.(By Abraham Lincoln)
二、林肯第二次就職演說
(1865年3月4日)
各位同胞:
在這第二次的宣誓就職典禮中,不像第一次就職的時候那樣需要發(fā)表長篇演說。在那個時候,對于當(dāng)時所要進行的事業(yè)多少作一詳細(xì)的說明,似乎是適當(dāng)?shù)摹,F(xiàn)在四年任期已滿,在這段戰(zhàn)爭期間的每個重要時刻和階段中——這個戰(zhàn)爭至今仍為舉國所關(guān)懷,還且占用了國家大部分力量——都經(jīng)常發(fā)布文告,所以現(xiàn)在很少有什么新的發(fā)展可以奉告。我們的軍事進展,是一切其它問題的關(guān)鍵所在,各界人士對此情形是跟我一樣熟悉的,而我相信進展的情況,可以使我們?nèi)w人民有理由感到滿意和鼓舞。既然可以對將來寄予極大的希望,那么我們也就用不著在這一方面作什么預(yù)言了。
四年前在與此同一場合里,所有的人都焦慮地注意一場即將來臨的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。大家害怕它,想盡了方法去避免它。當(dāng)時我正在這里作就職演說,竭盡全力想不用戰(zhàn)爭方法而能保存聯(lián)邦,然而本城的反叛分子的代理人卻沒法不用戰(zhàn)爭而破壞聯(lián)邦——他們力圖瓦解聯(lián)邦,并以談判的方法來分割聯(lián)邦。雙方都聲稱反對戰(zhàn)爭,可是有一方寧愿打仗而不愿讓國家生存,另一方則寧可接受這場戰(zhàn)爭,而不愿國家滅亡,于是戰(zhàn)爭就來臨了。
我們?nèi)珖丝诘陌朔种皇呛谂?,他們并非遍布整個聯(lián)邦,而是局部地分布于南方。這些奴隸構(gòu)成了一種特殊而重大的權(quán)益。大家知道這種權(quán)益可說是這場戰(zhàn)爭的原因。為了加強、保持及擴大這種權(quán)益,反叛分子會不惜以戰(zhàn)爭來分裂聯(lián)邦,而政府只不過要限制這種權(quán)益所在地區(qū)的擴張。當(dāng)初,任何一方都沒有想到這場戰(zhàn)爭會發(fā)展到目前那么大的范圍,持續(xù)那么長的時間。也沒有料到?jīng)_突的原因會隨沖突本身的終止而終止,甚至?xí)跊_突本身終止以前而終止。雙方都在尋求一個較輕易的勝利,都沒有期望獲致帶根本性的和驚人的結(jié)果。雙方念誦同樣的圣經(jīng),祈禱于同一個上帝,甚至于每一方都求助同一上帝的援助以反對另一方,人們竟敢求助于上帝,來奪取他人以血汗得來的面包,這看來是很奇怪的??墒俏覀儾灰袛嗳思?,免得別人判斷我們。
我們雙方的祈禱都不能夠如愿,而且斷沒全部如愿以償。上蒼自有他自己的目標(biāo)。由于罪惡而世界受苦難,因為罪惡總是要來的;然而那個作惡的人,要受苦難」假使我們以為美國的奴隸制度是這種罪惡之一,而這些罪惡按上帝的意志在所不免,但既經(jīng)持續(xù)了他所指定的一段時間,他現(xiàn)在便要消除這些罪惡;假使我們認(rèn)為上帝把這場慘烈的戰(zhàn)爭加在南北雙方的頭上,作為對那些招致罪惡的人的責(zé)罰,難道我們可以認(rèn)為這件事有悖于虔奉上帝的信徒們所歸諸上帝的那些圣德嗎? 我們天真地希望著,我們熱忱地祈禱著,希望這戰(zhàn)爭的重罰可以很快地過去。可是,假使上帝要讓戰(zhàn)爭再繼續(xù)下去,直到二百五十年來奴隸無償勞動所積聚的財富化為烏有,并像三千年前所說的那樣,等到鞭笞所流的每一滴血,被刀劍之下所流的每一滴血所抵消,那么我們?nèi)匀恢荒苷f,「主的裁判是完全正確而且公道的。
我們對任何人都不懷惡意,我們對任何人都抱好感,上帝讓我們看到正確的事,我們就堅定地信那正確的事,讓我們繼續(xù)奮斗,以完成我們正在進行的工作,去治療國家的創(chuàng)傷,去照顧艱苦作戰(zhàn)的志士和他的孤兒遺孀,盡力實現(xiàn)并維護在我們自己之間和我國與各國之間的公正和持久的和平。
(簡介:一八**年當(dāng)林肯再度當(dāng)選連任總統(tǒng)職位時,美國仍為內(nèi)戰(zhàn)所分裂。當(dāng)時戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)果仍不能確定,而林肯的再度當(dāng)選,成為北方人民決心作戰(zhàn)到底爭取最后勝利的一個令人振奮的表現(xiàn)。一八六五年三月四日當(dāng)林肯宣誓就職時,局勢清楚顯示北方即將戰(zhàn)勝,戰(zhàn)爭行將結(jié)束。在這篇就職演講詞中,林肯致力于討論戰(zhàn)后美國人民將面臨的重大課題。林肯希望避免一切過錯與懲罰的問題。當(dāng)他準(zhǔn)備實施這項政策時,一個刺客的槍彈葬送了他的崇高理想。)
Second Inaugural Address
by Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1865
Fellow-Countrymen:
At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first.Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper.Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of his great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented.The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all.With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war.All dreaded it;all sought to avert it.While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving teing delivered from thisurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war-seeking to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation.Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it.Their slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest.All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it.Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration, which it has already attained.Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease.Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding.Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other.It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged.That of neither has been answered fully.The Almighty has His own purposes.“Woe unto the world because of offenses;for it must need be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense comet.”
If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern there in any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him?
Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray that thi——ighty scourge of war may speedily pass away? Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago so still it must be said “The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.”
With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the might, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.
第二篇:林肯演說三民主義
民有、民治、民享
林肯的這篇《葛底斯堡的演說》,全文僅10個句子、272個詞。但對美國民主制度和政治理想?yún)s作了十分準(zhǔn)確的概括。
第一,這篇演說重申了美國的自由原則和傳統(tǒng):“八十七年前,我們的先輩們在這個大陸上締造了一個新的國家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行人人生而平等的原則?!?/p>
第二,把內(nèi)戰(zhàn)看成是對民主和自由制度的考驗。“現(xiàn)在我們正從事于一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以考驗這個國家,或者任何一個孕育和奉行這一原則的國家,是否能夠長久存在下去?!?/p>
第三,對美國的民主理想作了簡明的概括?!叭澜鐚⒑苌僮⒁獾?、也不會長久記住我們在這里所說的話,但卻永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記陣亡將士在這里做過的事。倒是我們這些活著的人,應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻給曾在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的人們一直致力推向前進但尚未完成的事業(yè)。??我們要使這個國家在上帝的護佑下得到自由的新生;我們要使這個民有、民治、民享的政府永世長存。”
此刻,距1787年9月17日在費城舉行的聯(lián)邦憲法簽署儀式已有76年。但“民有、民治、民享”的憲政國家源流卻可以追溯到美國建國之初。
這是美國總統(tǒng)林肯的一段名言。其英文原文是(大抵如此,可能有些出入):
(The government)of the people, by the people, for the people(will never die).有人就譯成:(這個)民有、民治、民享(的政府永不會消失)。
從這里看到,英文的原文非常精練,含義也比中文譯文更深刻。
三個介詞生動地體現(xiàn)了這個政府的性質(zhì):
of: 表歸屬,說明政府屬于人民所有,而不是人民屬于政府所有;
by: 表執(zhí)行者,說明在這個政府一切的行事,包括運用(就是“治”)和不運用(不屬于“治”)政治權(quán)力的時候,是人民(或其公選的代表),而不是官員來執(zhí)行;
for: 表目的,這個政府以人民的目的為目的,而不是人民以政府的目的為目的。并且,人民愿意“享”這個政府就“享”;不愿意“享”,政府無權(quán)要求人民去“享”,否則就違反了“以人民的目的為目的”的原則。
顯然by和for兩個詞,都比中文的“治”和“享”含義更豐富,更深刻。
最后,林肯用了people(人民)一詞,而不是采用西方常用的citizen(公民)。
有人說,“人民”的含義比“公民”窄,因為“人民”的對立面是“敵人”,而“公民”仍然可能被劃為“敵人”。其實,這不過是在“中國國情”下特有的一種誤解。
在西方,citizen的最原始含義是指向政府納稅的那部分人,所謂公民權(quán)首先決定于有無納稅,納稅多少。
但顯然,未成年人、老年人和種種原因失去部分或全部勞動能力的人也是現(xiàn)代國家的“公民”,但他們不納稅或很少納稅,還享受國家福利救濟。
林肯其實是說,我們的國家的公民不僅包括納稅人,也包括(按法律)不需要納稅的那些人。為避免歧義,他就使用了一個認(rèn)為是中性而廣泛的詞:people, 人民。
林肯的民有民享民治:of the people, for the people,by the people,(葛底斯堡演說的最后部分:
但,于更大意義之上,吾等無法致力、無法奉上、無法成就此土之圣。這群勇者,無論生死,曾于斯奮戰(zhàn)到底,早已使其神圣,而遠(yuǎn)超過吾人卑微之力所能增減。這世間不曾絲毫留意,也不長久記得吾等于斯所言,但永不忘懷彼人于此所為。吾等生者,理應(yīng)當(dāng)然,獻身于此輩鞠躬盡瘁之未完大業(yè)。吾等在此責(zé)無旁貸獻身于眼前之偉大使命:自光榮的亡者之處吾人肩起其終極之奉獻—吾等在此答應(yīng)亡者之死當(dāng)非徒然—此國度,于神佑之下,當(dāng)享有自由之新生—民有、民治、民享之政府當(dāng)免于凋零。
附:演講中英文版
八十七年以前,我們的祖先在這大陸上建立了一個新的國家,它孕育于自由,并且獻身給一種理念,即所有人都是生來平等的。
當(dāng)前,我們正在從事一次偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),我們在考驗,究竟這個國家,或任何一個有這種主張和這種信仰的國家,是否能長久存在。我們在那次戰(zhàn)爭的一個偉大的戰(zhàn)場上集合。我們來到這里,奉獻那個戰(zhàn)場上的一部分土地,作為在此地為那個國家的生存而犧牲了自己生命的人永久眠息之所。我們這樣做,是十分合情合理的。
可是,就更深一層意義而言,我們是無從奉獻這片土地的--無從使它成為圣地--也不可能把它變?yōu)槿藗兙把鲋?。那些在這里戰(zhàn)斗的勇士,活著的和死去的,已使這塊土地神圣化了,遠(yuǎn)非我們的菲薄能力所能左右。世人會不大注意,更不會長久記得我們在此地所說的話,然而他們將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了這些人在這里所做的事。相反,我們活著的人應(yīng)該獻身于那些曾在此作戰(zhàn)的人們所英勇推動而尚未完成的工作。我們應(yīng)該在此獻身于我們面前所留存的偉大工作--由于他們的光榮犧牲,我們要更堅定地致力于他們曾作最后全部貢獻的那個事業(yè)--我們在此立志誓愿,不能讓他們白白死去--要使這個國家在上帝庇佑之下,得到新生的自由--要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致從地球上消失。
The Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
November 19, 1863
Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are egaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and dedicated can long endure.We are met on the battelfield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final-resting place for those who gave their lives that the nation might live.It is altogether and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate,we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.The brave men,living and dead,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.
第三篇:林肯的哥斯堡演說
林肯葛底斯堡演講
The Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
November 19, 186
3Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are egaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and dedicated can long endure.We are met on the battelfield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final-resting place for those who gave their lives that the nation might live.It is altogether and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate,we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.The brave men,living and dead,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of
freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.主講:亞伯拉罕·林肯
時間:1863年11月19日
地點:美國,賓夕法尼亞,葛底斯堡
八十七年前,我們先輩在這個大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個新國家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生來平等的原則。
我們正從事一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以考驗這個國家,或者任何一個孕育于自由和奉行上述原則的國家是否能夠長久存在下去。我們在這場戰(zhàn)爭中的一個偉大戰(zhàn)場上集會。烈士們?yōu)槭惯@個國家能夠生存下去而獻出了自己的生命,我們來到這里,是要把這個戰(zhàn)場的一部分奉獻給他們作為最后安息之所。我們這樣做是完全應(yīng)該而且非常恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
但是,從更廣泛的意義上說,這塊土地我們不能夠奉獻,不能夠圣化,不能夠神化。那些曾在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的勇士們,活著的和去世的,已經(jīng)把這塊土地圣化了,這遠(yuǎn)不是我們微薄的力量所能增減的。我們今天在這里所說的話,全世界不大會注意,也不會長久地記住,但勇士們在這里所做過的事,全世界卻永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。毋寧說,倒是我們這些還活著的人,應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻于勇士們已經(jīng)如此崇高地向前推進但尚未完成的事業(yè)。倒是我們應(yīng)該在這里把自已奉獻于仍然留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)——我們要從這些光榮的死者身上吸取更多的獻身精神,來完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻身的事業(yè);我們要在這里下定最大的決心,不讓這些死者白白犧牲;我們要使國家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使這個民有、民治、民享的政府永世長存。
Abraham Lincoln 亞伯拉罕.林肯(1809-1865),美國第十六任總統(tǒng)(1861-1865)。他自修法律,以反對奴隸制的綱領(lǐng)當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致南方諸州脫離聯(lián)邦。在由此引起的南北戰(zhàn)爭(1861-1865)中,他作為總統(tǒng),發(fā)揮了美國歷史上最有效、最鼓舞人心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用,以其堅定的信念、深遠(yuǎn)的眼光和完美無缺的政治手腕,成功地引導(dǎo)一個處于分裂的國家度過了其歷史上流血最多的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),從而換救了聯(lián)邦。他致力于推進全人類的民主、自由和平等,以最雄辯的語言闡述了人道主義的思想,不失時機地發(fā)表《解放黑奴宣言》,因而被后人尊稱為“偉大的解放者”。林肯不僅是一個偉大的總統(tǒng),更是一個偉人。他出生于社會低層,具有勤勞簡樸、謙虛和誠懇的美德。在美國歷屆總統(tǒng)中,林肯堪稱是最平易近人的一位。林肯的著作主要是演講詞和書信,以樸素莊嚴(yán)、觀點明確、思想豐富、表達靈活、適應(yīng)對象并具有特殊的美國風(fēng)味見稱。此篇演講是美國文學(xué)中最漂亮、最富有詩意的文章之一。雖然這是一篇慶祝軍事勝利的演說,但它沒有好戰(zhàn)之氣。相反,這是一篇感人肺腑的頌辭,贊美那些作出最后犧牲的人們,以及他們?yōu)橹I身的那些理想。其中“政府應(yīng)為民有、民治、民享”的名言被人們廣為傳頌
第四篇:林肯葛底斯堡演說
林肯葛底斯堡演說.txt你媽生你的時候是不是把人給扔了把胎盤養(yǎng)大?別把蝦米不當(dāng)海鮮。別把蝦米不當(dāng)海鮮。Abraham Lincoln,Delivered on the 19th Day of November,1863,Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that the nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.主講:亞伯拉罕·林肯 時間:1863年11月19日 地點:美國,賓夕法尼亞,葛底斯堡
八十七年前,我們的先輩們在這個大陸上建立了一個孕育自由、尊崇“人人生而平等”的新國家?,F(xiàn)在我們正從事一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),一場檢驗這個國家或者任何擁有這種信念和原則的國家是否能夠長期生存的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。
我們今天在這場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的一個偉大的戰(zhàn)場上聚會,我們要獻出這個戰(zhàn)場的一部分,給那些為這個國家的長存而付出了生命的人作為他們最後的安息之所。盡管這樣做是適當(dāng)?shù)?、?yīng)該的,但在更大的意義上說,我們不能奉獻這片土地,我們不能使之神圣,我們不能使之尊嚴(yán),因為那些曾經(jīng)在這里奮斗過,活著的和已經(jīng)犧牲的勇士們,已經(jīng)使這塊土地神圣化了,遠(yuǎn)非我們的微薄能力所能再增減(這里的神圣與尊嚴(yán))。
我們今天在這里所說的話,全世界也許不大會注意,也不會長久地記住,但勇士們在這里所做過的事,全世界卻永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。對于我們還活著的人們下面應(yīng)該做的,是繼續(xù)去完成勇士們已經(jīng)取得了輝煌戰(zhàn)績但還未完成的事業(yè)
我們應(yīng)該從那些為這個事業(yè)已經(jīng)付出了一切的死者身上獲得更堅定的信念,我們應(yīng)該在這里
下定最大的決心一定要讓那些死難者不致于白白犧牲,我們要讓這個民族在上帝的庇佑下,獲得自由的新生,讓這個屬于人民、依靠人民、為人民服務(wù)的政府與世長存!
林肯在葛底斯堡的演講
《林肯在葛底斯堡的演講》是南北內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中為紀(jì)念在葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役中陣亡戰(zhàn)士所做的一篇演講。是林肯最出名的演講,也是美國文學(xué)中最漂亮、最富有詩意的文章之一,用時不到2分鐘1863年7月3日葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役是美國南北戰(zhàn)爭中最為殘酷的一戰(zhàn),這是南北戰(zhàn)爭的轉(zhuǎn)折點。這場戰(zhàn)役交戰(zhàn)雙方共死了51000人,而當(dāng)時美國只有幾百萬人口。四個月后林肯總統(tǒng)到葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)場訪問,為這場偉大戰(zhàn)役的陣亡將士墓舉行落成儀式。
這篇演說是在1863年11月19日發(fā)表的。這篇演講被認(rèn)為是英語演講中的最高典范,尤其重要的是,林肯在演講中表達了一個政府存在的目的——民有、民治、民享。其演講手稿被藏于美國國會圖書館,其演說辭被鑄成金文,長存于牛津大學(xué)。至今,人們也常在許多重要場合提起或朗誦它。
雖然這是一篇慶祝軍事勝利的演說,但它沒有好戰(zhàn)之氣。相反,這是一篇感人肺腑的頌辭,贊美那些作出最后犧牲的人們,以及他們?yōu)橹I身的那些理想。
全文如下:
The Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
November 19, 1863
Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are egaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and dedicated can long endure.We are met on the battelfield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final-resting place for those who gave their lives that the nation might live.It is altogether and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense,we can not dedicate,we can not consecrate,we can not hallow this ground.The brave men,living and dead,have consecrated it far above our power
to add or detract.The world will little note what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion,that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom,that the goverment of the people by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.主講:亞伯拉罕·林肯
時間:1863年11月19日
地點:美國,賓夕法尼亞,葛底斯堡
八十七年前,我們先輩在這個大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個新國家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生來平等的原則。
我們正從事一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以考驗這個國家,或者任何一個孕育于自由和奉行上述原則的國家是否能夠長久存在下去。我們在這場戰(zhàn)爭中的一個偉大戰(zhàn)場上集會。烈士們?yōu)槭惯@個國家能夠生存下去而獻出了自己的生命,我們來到這里,是要把這個戰(zhàn)場的一部分奉獻給他們作為最后安息之所。我們這樣做是完全應(yīng)該而且非常恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
但是,從更廣泛的意義上說,這塊土地我們不能夠奉獻,不能夠圣化,不能夠神化。那些曾在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的勇士們,活著的和去世的,已經(jīng)把這塊土地圣化了,這遠(yuǎn)不是我們微薄的力量所能增減的。我們今天在這里所說的話,全世界不大會注意,也不會長久地記住,但勇士們在這里所做過的事,全世界卻永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。毋寧說,倒是我們這些還活著的人,應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻于勇士們已經(jīng)如此崇高地向前推進但尚未完成的事業(yè)。倒是我們應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻于仍然留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)——我們要從這些光榮的死者身上吸取更多的獻身精神,來完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻身的事業(yè);我們要在這里下定最大的決心,不讓這些死者白白犧牲;我們要使國家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使這個民有、民治、民享的政府永世長存。
第五篇:林肯《葛底斯堡演說》
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.八十七年前,我們的父輩在這塊大陸上創(chuàng)建了一個新的國家。這個新的國家在自由中孕育,信奉人人生而平等的主張?,F(xiàn)在我們正在從事偉大的國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭,來考驗這個國家,或任何在自由中孕育,信奉人人生而平等的主張的國家,能否長久存在下去。
我們今天相聚在這場戰(zhàn)爭的一個偉大的戰(zhàn)場上。我們相聚在這里是為了把這偉大戰(zhàn)場的一部分奉獻給那些為了我們國家的生存而獻出了生命的烈士們作為最后的安息地。我們這樣做完全是合情合理的。但在更廣泛的意義上來說,我們不能奉獻這塊土地,我們不能使這塊土地神圣,我們不能使這塊土地光耀。那些勇敢的人們,那些曾經(jīng)在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的,活著和死去的人們,已經(jīng)使這塊土地神圣了,遠(yuǎn)非我們所能增加或減少。世界不大會注意,也不會永久記住我們今天在這里所說的話,但世界決不能忘記他們在這里所做過的事情。
我們這些活著的人,倒是應(yīng)該在這里獻身于他們長久以來如此高尚地推進的,尚未完成的工作。我們倒是應(yīng)該在這里獻身于留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù):那就是繼承這些光榮的先烈,對他們在這里作出最后全部貢獻的事業(yè),作出我們進一步的貢獻;那就是我們在這里狠下決心,決不讓這些先烈的死成為白白的犧牲;那就是我們的國家一定要在上帝底下獲得新的自由;那就是決不讓人民的政府,人民選舉的政府,為了人民的政府從地球上消亡。