第一篇：考研英語自我檢測之詞匯測試(一)附答案

考研英語自我檢測之單詞測試

（一）1． We don’t reveal the names of our guests to protect their privacy.為了保護(hù)客人的隱私，我們___________________。

2． The total revenue of the firm is 500 million US dollars this year._____________________________________________________

3.There’s a one-million dollar reward for clues leading to the terrorist’s arrest.對能為逮捕恐怖分子提供線索的人，給予一百萬美金的__________。

How can I reward your help?

___________________________________________。

4.After next semester, I secretly considered her rival, and strived to find their own

weaknesses, to shorten the gap, to play their own advantage.下學(xué)期開學(xué)后，我就暗暗地把她視為_________，努力地查找自己的弱點，縮短差距，發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢。

5.It is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to

sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.__________________________________________________________________

6.The present situation is far from satisfactory though some process has been

made.盡管有了一些進(jìn)步，但現(xiàn)狀還是___________________。

7．Silence is the perfect expression of scorn.________________________________________。

8．Why don’t we start from scratch and think for a change of our image.我們?yōu)槭裁確______________,考慮改變一下我們的形象。

9．By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood.由于加固了河堤，___________________________________。

public security___________ sense of security __________

security alarms___________

10.大一學(xué)生________________大二學(xué)生__________________

大三學(xué)生__________________大四學(xué)生__________________

11.The sensible investor remained unshaken after the stock-market crashed.這個____________投資者在股市崩盤之后仍然沒有動搖。

Dogs are more sensitive to odors than people are.狗的嗅覺比人的嗅覺__________。

12．Failure in the job interview was a setback for the graduate.工作面試的失敗對這名畢業(yè)生來說是________________。

13．In the intense atmosphere, the director shifted the conversation to a more comfortable subject.在緊張的氣氛下，主任將談話_________一個比較愉快的話題上。

14.This is a page to simulate the purchase process.這個頁面可以_______________________________。

15．Moreover, it can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science.而且，這還可以________他們的想象力和對電腦的興趣。

16．She skips the difficult words when she reads English novels for she just want to get the rough idea.____________________________________________________________________。

skip class ______________

17.If costs continue to soar, the Massachusetts state will not be able to afford this scheme for long, and it will become unpopular.________________________________,馬薩諸塞州實施此項方案時間將不會很長，而且還將會引起不滿。

18．The artist is a solitary kind of person.這位藝術(shù)家是___________________。

19．In the university you can specialize in the humanities or the natural sciences.____________________________________________________________________.detailed specification___________ installation specification_________________

20.The sunrise from the sea is indeed a spectacle._________________________________________________。

21．Taipei 101 and Empire State Building are skyscrapers, both they are very spectacular.臺北101和帝國大廈都是摩天大樓，____________________。

22.Many people speculate in stocks nowadays.現(xiàn)在許多人_________________________。

23．In spite of all his efforts, his debts continued to mount up.____________________________________________________

24.a spur in prices________________

spur economic growth__________________

25.We should maintain a good working relationship with staff in the office and all other departments.我們應(yīng)保持與本部門及其他部門的____________良好的工作關(guān)系。

I bought you some stuff to eat.____________________________________。

26．After many times of failure, I submit to fate.多次失敗后，我__________________________________。

27．We shall soon substitute gas for coal.___________________________________________________。

28．Over the past 15 years, successive governments have eliminated all domestic subsidies.過去15年來，____________已經(jīng)取消了所有的國內(nèi)補(bǔ)貼。

1.不透漏他們的名字2.該公司本年度的總收入為五億美元。3.獎金我怎樣才能報答你的幫助呢？ 4.對手5.許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的特權(quán)，這在西方倒是人之常情。6.令人不夠滿意 7.表示輕蔑最完美的方法莫過于沉默。

8.不從頭開始9.該城可免受水災(zāi)。公共安全 安全感安全警報10.freshmansophomorejuniorsenior

11.明智的 12.一種挫折13.轉(zhuǎn)到14.模擬購買過程15.激發(fā)16.看英文小說時她經(jīng)常把難詞跳過，因為她只想了解大意。17.如果成本繼續(xù)飛漲

18.一個隱居的人/ 一個孤獨的人19.在大學(xué)里，你可以專攻人文學(xué)科或自然科學(xué)。詳

細(xì)的規(guī)格說明安裝說明書20.海上日出真是奇觀。

21.它們都很壯觀22.投機(jī)股票23.盡管他做了最大的努力，他的債務(wù)還在繼續(xù)增加。24.刺激物價促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展25.同事我給你帶來一些吃的東西。26.向命運屈服27.不久我們將用煤氣代替煤。28.歷屆政府

第二篇：2018考研英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題(附答案)

可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

2018考研英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題（附答案）

Text 1

It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem and

organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A.complete future job training

B.remodel the way of thinking

C.formulate logical hypotheses

D.perfect artwork production

22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A.experience

B.academic backgrounds

C.career prospects

D.interest

23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

A.help students learn other computer languages B.have to be upgraded when new technologies come C.need improving when students look for jobs D.enable students to make big quick money 24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A.compete with a future army of programmers B.stay longer in the information technology industry C.become better prepared for the digitalized world D.bring forth innovative computer technologies 25.The word “coax”(Line4, Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.challenge B.persuade C.frighten D.misguide Text 1 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.Reshape 重塑

remold 重塑

Mold 名詞-模型 模子

動詞-形成塑造

解析：此題是文中人物觀點題。根據(jù)Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina認(rèn)為盡早接觸計算機(jī)科學(xué)是有益的。第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.譯為在轉(zhuǎn)變思維程序方面小孩不像年齡較大的學(xué)生一樣困難，即B remodel the way of thinking 轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式即為同義替換。答案 D interest

解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引號里面內(nèi)容“我們試圖讓課程符合學(xué)生興趣”，故而D interest為正確答案。答案 A help students learn other computer languages

解析：文中人物觀點題。題干問的是Deborah Seehorn認(rèn)為在Flatiron這里所學(xué)到的技能將能怎么樣，據(jù)此定位到第五段But處，和題干基本一致，該句指出“But the skills they learn?appl to any coding language”，意思是他們學(xué)到的技能可以應(yīng)用于任何編碼語言。對比答案選項，A選項的意思是“幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)其他的計算機(jī)語言”屬于原文定位處的同義替換。答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出：根據(jù)最后一段，F(xiàn)latiron的學(xué)生被期望去干什么。據(jù)此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be處，是題干的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。定位句“These kids are?be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think??.the better.”，意思是學(xué)生們越早學(xué)越好。C選項“為數(shù)字化的未來做更好的準(zhǔn)備”是同義概述。答案 B persuade

解析：詞義句意題，結(jié)合上下文來解題。根據(jù)coax此單詞，定位到最后一段最后一句可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade?into?”。A選項挑戰(zhàn)，B選項勸服，C選項使恐慌，D選項誤導(dǎo)?？忌鲱}時一定要注意結(jié)合上下文來推測生詞的詞義，這是命題人的出題 規(guī)律。

Text 2

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing.Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.26.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

【解析】 推斷題。根據(jù)France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國決定時裝業(yè)失去了定義（define）形體美（physical beauty）的絕對權(quán)力。法國的立法者通過了一項法律，雇用超瘦的模特屬于犯罪，議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過推崇極端節(jié)食“鼓動過度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以傷害身體健康為代價的外表來界定?！庇纱丝芍?，法國通過立法手段來改變法國時裝業(yè)模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀，即[A]項的“形體美將會被重新定義”，是對原文內(nèi)容的合理推斷。[B]項“將會建造新的舞臺”，[C]項“有關(guān)節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會興起”，[D]項“時裝業(yè)將會衰退”，均不能從文中推測出來，屬于“無中生有”。

27.The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2)is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.【答案】 [D] doing harm to

【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以

身體健康為代價的外表來界定。”impinging on后面的賓語為“health”，即對健康的某種影響。根據(jù)第二段第三句“對超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死——正如曾有人這么做過的”，可見法國目前的對美麗的定義導(dǎo)致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推測出這一短語在這里的意思為“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項“對??有害”正確。[A]項“增強(qiáng)了??的價值”，[B]項“反映了??的狀態(tài)”，[C]項“對??失去信心”均不符合句意。

28.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion...在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設(shè)定自愿的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)??”，可知[B]項“在丹麥新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在被設(shè)定”是對原文的同義替換。[A]項“法國的措施失敗了”；[C]項“不再有來自同行執(zhí)法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬于“正反混淆”；[D]項“它固有的問題變得更嚴(yán)重了”，文中第五段只提及時裝業(yè)有固有的問題，并未提及“變得更嚴(yán)重”，屬于“無中生有”。

29.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

【解析】推斷題。題設(shè)為“一個設(shè)計師很可能因為什么原因被CFW拒絕”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段提到丹麥的時尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致意見，且一項新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識到時尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且應(yīng)該對此承擔(dān)責(zé)任，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設(shè)計師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)參加哥本哈根時裝周（CFW）。因此[C]項的“不關(guān)心健康因素”符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項的“過多關(guān)注模特的性格”，[A]項“設(shè)定了一個模特高齡門檻”，均不符合題意。

30.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals 【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國通過立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時裝業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對權(quán)力，且議會也禁止網(wǎng)站通過宣傳過度節(jié)食來強(qiáng)調(diào)過度消瘦。第二段繼續(xù)說明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價，時裝業(yè)應(yīng)該為傳遞給女性的不良信息負(fù)責(zé)。第三段說明女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。第四段講法國的措施更多的是依靠嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。最后三段提到了丹麥與法國截然不同的措施。縱觀全文，文章主要在講各個國家對解決目前模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀的措施，因此[D]項的“對時裝業(yè)身體典范的挑戰(zhàn)”是對原文的“高度概括”。

Text 3

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.·31.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____

[A]its drastically decreased population

[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage

[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists

[D]the insistence of private landowners

32.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____

[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[B]would involve fewer agencies in action

[C]granted less federal regulatory power

[D]went against conservation policies

33.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____

[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation

[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

34.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______

[A]the federal government

[B]the wildlife agencies

[C]the landowners

[D]the states

35.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______

[A]industry groups

[B]the win-win rhetoric

[C]environmental groups

[D]the plan under challenge

答案 A its drastically decreased population

解析：此題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段But前后關(guān)于lesser prairie chickens 數(shù)量2million和22,000的強(qiáng)烈對比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 數(shù)量的急劇下降為正確答案。

答案 C granted less federal regulatory powers 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

Grant 動詞-同意允許；授予賦予

名詞-補(bǔ)貼

解析：此題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句，They had ?, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power.而But 之后是截然相反的事實，即政府授予了更少的管理權(quán)。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers為正確答案。

答案 A agree to pay a sum for compensation賠償補(bǔ)償 薪酬

解析：推斷題。題干問的是從第三段推出來：無意傷害的那些人是不會被檢舉的如果怎么樣。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute?.as long as ?.”，題干中問的if即原文的as long as的同意替換，原文as long as的意思是：只要他們簽署了計劃。下一句說道，該計劃要求個體和企業(yè)去支付基金。對應(yīng)選項A選項“贊同支付賠償”屬于同義替換。

答案 D the states

解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.其中in the driver’s seat對應(yīng)題干中的the leading role, 故而D states為正確答案。

答案 C environmental groups群體團(tuán)體

解析：文中人物觀點題。題干問的是Jay Lininger最可能支持誰，大寫人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物學(xué)家Jay Lininger說道聯(lián)邦政府要把責(zé)任推給導(dǎo)致鳥類滅絕的企業(yè)，顯然是對政府和企業(yè)的反對。再往前看一句，指出：企業(yè)團(tuán)體和政府部門觀點一致，環(huán)境學(xué)家與其觀點恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持環(huán)境團(tuán)體的觀點了。

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.36.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干問的是作者對有關(guān)CSR方面Milton Friedman的說法是什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)信號詞Milton Friedman這個人定位到首段。注意題干問的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。But后句子的主干為：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可見作者對Milton Friedman所說的內(nèi)容并不完全贊同，故選擇答案[B]項懷疑。[A]項容忍，[C]項不確定，[D]項贊同，這三項均不是作者的態(tài)度，故排除。

37.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.【答案】[A]

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways.This指的是CSR，根據(jù)接下來講到的三點：第一點是，消費者認(rèn)為這樣的公司產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較高；第二點是，顧客更愿意購買這樣公司的產(chǎn)品；第三點是，通過一個更為廣泛的“暈輪效應(yīng)”，消費者會更多地考慮這樣的公司的產(chǎn)品?？芍?，有CSR支出的公司會吸引更多的消費者，[A]項“贏得消費者的信任”，是對整個三點的總結(jié)，故為正確答案。[B]項 防止公司里的玩忽職守，[C]項 保護(hù)公司免受毀謗，[D]項 提升公司產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

38.The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to

[A] more effective

[B] less controversial

[C] less severe 可銳教育官網(wǎng)http://004km.cn

[D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜詞題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“l(fā)ine 2, para.4”及信號詞“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明顯此句中more lenient 修飾 penalties(懲罰)，要想推測出more lenient的含義，需要知道被起訴的公司中，那些有著全面的CSR項目的公司和penalties 之間的聯(lián)系。本項在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出來，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有較大投資的公司，當(dāng)被起訴有賄賂行為時，所受到的罰金要比通常的罰金低40%左右，可知這樣的公司會受到較輕的懲罰，故more lenient是較輕，即較不嚴(yán)重的意思，故選[C]項。[A]項 更有效的，[B]項 較少有爭議的，[D]項 更持久的，這三項均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

39.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.【答案】[A]

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是 CSR record 與 prosecutors evaluate a case 的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干中的信號詞prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。這里的be influenced與[A]項 has an impact 對應(yīng)，即一個公司的CSR會影響檢察官對其案件的評估，故選[A]項。[B]項被檢察官認(rèn)為是可靠的證據(jù)，[C]項 增加了被懲罰的機(jī)會，[D]項 構(gòu)成了調(diào)查的一部分，這三項均在原文中沒有提及，故排除。

40.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.【答案】[B]

【解析】判斷題題干問的是根據(jù)最后一段，有關(guān)CSR的論述哪個是對的。定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容可知“研究人員承認(rèn)到其研究沒有回答如下問題：公司應(yīng)該在CSR方面花費多少錢”。[B]項的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花費是未知的”，屬于原文的同義替換，故正確。[A]項 CSR對公司的負(fù)面影響經(jīng)常被忽視，[C]項 公司對CSR的經(jīng)濟(jì)承擔(dān)力被過高估計了，[D]項 CSR給銀行業(yè)帶來了很多好處，這三項在文中均為提及，故排除。

第三篇：考研英語大綱解析之詞匯篇

考研英語大綱解析之詞匯篇

2014年9月13日發(fā)布的新大綱中,考生應(yīng)掌握的單詞數(shù)沒有數(shù)量變化，依然為5500個左右，但是仍然突出了詞根詞綴法的重要性。詞匯的變化不大反映出這些詞匯在測試中對考生整體的英語水平的發(fā)揮影響不會有太大的?？佳袕?fù)習(xí)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入強(qiáng)化階段，本文就此階段的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的方法整理介紹給各位考生。距離考研還剩大概一百多天的時間，各位考生不要因為時間緊急就忽略了學(xué)習(xí)英語最基礎(chǔ)的一個方面，也就是單詞。就如大綱所言，一篇文章的生詞量應(yīng)不超過了3%，如果超過了這個界限，考生對這篇文章的理解會大打折扣，隨之做題的準(zhǔn)確率也就不能保證了，所以考生提提起對單詞的重視。

跨考教育在線視頻中提到的詞根詞綴記憶法是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯最有效的方法，而且考研大綱對詞根詞綴的重視也逐漸加強(qiáng)所以在這個階段，依然要繼續(xù)鞏固詞根詞綴記憶法，有計劃、有目的的進(jìn)行。學(xué)生到了這個時期，都一定背過一些單詞，這時候應(yīng)該有計劃性地按照自己的進(jìn)度來學(xué)習(xí)單詞。其次，是要有重點的背。像一些已然掌握的詞，每次背誦時只需瀏覽過去了，不要占用過多時間，掌握了的單詞用途線劃去，若是不太熟悉的單詞，則需要反復(fù)記憶。還有一種詞叫熟詞生義，主要指那些我們以前學(xué)習(xí)過的熟詞，這類詞的某些意思我們已經(jīng)掌握，但在考研詞匯大綱中，它們又有了一些新的意義，如“school”這個單詞已經(jīng)考過“魚群”、“學(xué)派”和“學(xué)校教育“的含義，又如，“passage”考過“樂段”這種在音樂里面常用的詞語。最后一種是完全陌生的詞，其中不乏一些四六級核心詞匯。這就需要同學(xué)們下苦功夫，拿下這部分詞匯。

那么學(xué)生在背誦這些單詞時還需要掌握一些學(xué)習(xí)方法。單詞也最好不要完全死記硬背的，死記硬背效果最差，印象不深，有些詞即使背下來了也不會使用。大綱中也明確規(guī)定考生需要掌握一些常用的前后綴和詞根。這就需要考生運用比較科學(xué)的詞根詞綴記憶法進(jìn)行背誦。

建議學(xué)生在做考研真題的時候，背誦考題中出現(xiàn)的單詞也是一種不錯的方法，因為可以結(jié)合語境，易于了解單詞用法。單詞應(yīng)每天都有規(guī)定的背誦量。在開始研究真題時，不要怕耽誤時間，一定要做到面面俱到，可能一開始你一天只能充分背誦幾個單詞，但是東西積累多了之后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語中很多單詞、用法多是重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，那么你所要查找積累的東西會變的越來越少，單詞解決了，做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確率就會大大增加。

第四篇：寒假作業(yè)英語必修一詞匯復(fù)習(xí)答案

Unit 1:

一、1.communication 2.upset 3.situation 4.editor 5.cheating 6.teenagers 7.advice 8.natural 9.reason 10.feeling

二、1.adds up 2.face to face 3.habit 4.listed 5.points 6.reason 7.shared 8.suffer 9.gone through 10.concerns herself about with

三、1． Make an effort to do sth.2.according to 3.be crazy about 4.on holiday 5.be concerned about 6.calm down 7.get on along well badly with….8.have trouble with 9.go through 10.on purpose Unit 2:

一、1.actually 2.vocabulary 3.standard 4.Apartment 5.accent 6.subways 7.directions 8.modern 9.culture 10.present

二、1-5 CABBC 6-10 DACDB Unit 3:

一、1.requested 2.stubborn 3.properly 4.transported 5.finally

6.record 7.attitude 8.cycle 9.journals 10.familiar

二、1.change her mind 2.give in 3.be treated 4.are, familiar to 5.brought up 6.determined 7.dreamed 8.so far 9.altitudes 10.record Unit 4:

一、1.organizing 2.smelly 3.burst 4.disaster 5.Fresh 6.destroyed 7.useless 8.electricity 9.Judging 10.injured

二、1-5 CCBBC 6-10 DAACA

三、1． right away 2.at an end 3.be proud of 4.a(large)number of 5.give out Unit 5:

一、1.Quality 2.continued 3.educated 4.reward 5.violence 6.cruelty 7.vote 8.position 9.active 10.prison

二、1.advised;on 2.are out of work 3.lose heart 4.Believe in;believe

5.set up 6.has;been worried about 7.can;realize 8.in trouble 9.coming to power 10.is willing to help

第五篇：2012年1月考研英語一答案

2012年1月考研英語一答案(完整版)

完形填空

1.B.maintain

2.A.when

3.B.weakened

4.D.accepted

5.C.bound

6.B.subject

7.D.applies

8.B.raise

9.A.line

10.B.as

11.A.so

12.C.upset

13.C.cultivate

14.D.tied

15.A.concepts

16.C.shapes

17.A.dismissed

18.C.address

19.D.accountable

20.D.as a result

閱讀理解

Text 1

21.D a cause of undesirable behaviors

22.B learn from advertisers’experience

23.A adequately probe social and biological factors

24.C occurs without our realizing it

25.Dquestionable

Text 2

26.C dishonoring.27.A obtain protection from Vermont regulators.28.A managerial practices.29.B the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.30.B the authority of the NRC will be defied.Text 3

31.A uncertainty and complexity.32.A strict inspection.33.B has been examined by the scientific community.34.D scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.D Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.[鍵入文字]聲明：本資料由考試吧（Exam8.com）收集整理，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出自

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Text 4

36.C unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.37.D Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38.B indirectly augmented.39.C may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.40.A disapproval.Part B

41.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every

day.42.D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between

downloading and uploadingwhose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.43.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.Downloading and consuming culture requires great

skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining

constituent of humanity.44.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium

-television-and television is defined by downloading.45.G The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.翻譯

46.在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，有一種方法將這種“萬物歸一的沖動”推向了極致，它試圖探尋到能解 釋一切的，最底層的公式。

47.在這一點上，達(dá)爾文學(xué)說似乎給人們提供了準(zhǔn)則，如果所有人種同宗同源，那么“文 化多樣性也能追溯到更為單一的源頭”的假定也就不無道理了。

48.將偶發(fā)的和獨特的從這些共性中篩除掉能夠讓我們了解文化行為的復(fù)雜起源以及是什么

在發(fā)展中或認(rèn)知過程中指導(dǎo)我們。

49.第二，喬舒亞·格林貝格采用了一個更加經(jīng)驗主義的方法來解釋普遍性;他認(rèn)為許多語言 都共有特性，(尤其是在語序上);這些特性被認(rèn)為代表了由認(rèn)知限制所帶來的偏見;

50.喬姆斯基的語法應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)了語言改變的模式，該模式是獨立于家譜也獨立于貫穿家譜的 路徑，而格林伯根的統(tǒng)一性理論則預(yù)言了不同種語序關(guān)系乊間的強(qiáng)烈的相互依存性。寫作

小作文

Dear friends,On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to extend my warm welcome to all the

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international students that are coming to our university.I firmly believe that your entering our university will bring us new ideas from different cultures and promote communication.Also, we have some suggestions before you come to our university.As you all know, we have a great much free time in college and the teachers don’t oversee us strictly.Therefore, it is recommended that you can arrange your time properly and avoid being indulged in computer games, etc.Moreover, in order to make yourselves quickly adjusted

to our campus life, it would be of great help if you can learn Chinese as well as you can.Last but not the least, it is necessary to take part in some activities so that you can improve your communication abilities and expand horizon.We are looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.Yours sincerely

Li Ming

大作文

As is shown in the picture above, two men react in completely opposite ways when faced

with the same event: A bottle fell off on the ground, and the wine inside spilt out.One is smiling, feeling glad that he still has the rest half of the wine while the other is sighing in great desperation saying that “everything screwed up!”

The cartoon tells us that being optimistic and being pessimistic are two different

attitudes towards life.Faced with a challenge, a pessimistic person may feel gloomy and distressed.He considers himself powerless, and complains about it all day long, refusing even to have a try before giving it up in the end.An optimistic person, however, may adopt an entirely different approach.He may not regard the challenge as something that

bad;instead, he takes it as an excellent opportunity to display his abilities and talent.As an old saying goes, “The way you perceive the world will determine your way to cope with it.”

In my point of view, though it is natural that we encounter challenges of one kind

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