第一篇：2013年西安交通大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題回憶（寫寫幫推薦）

西安交通大學(xué)2013年考博英語(yǔ)真題回憶

完形填空：主要內(nèi)容是講了一個(gè)人害怕在公眾面前講話及交流，后來(lái)經(jīng)過母親的鼓勵(lì)參見了一次演講最終戰(zhàn)勝了自己心理上的矛盾，以后逐漸成為很厲害的角色，總體感覺很簡(jiǎn)單，英語(yǔ)四級(jí)的水平就能應(yīng)付了。

閱讀理解：題量很大，好像是4片閱讀理解，前兩篇每篇有8個(gè)選擇題，后兩篇每篇有7個(gè)選擇題。

判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)：好像是5個(gè)題；

翻譯：漢譯英三選一；英漢譯三選一。

作文：是圖片和圖表想結(jié)合的形式。圖片卡通描述的是近幾年到國(guó)外旅游的人多了，畫面上有一個(gè)人喝完了飲料將瓶子亂丟到草叢中。有一個(gè)人隨口吐痰。表格為一矩形圖，描述的是三個(gè)不同的年份到國(guó)外旅游的人急劇增加。

總體感覺四六級(jí)的水平就能應(yīng)付了。

第二篇：2014年上海交通大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)回憶版

2014年上海交通大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)回憶版

第一題，詞匯，共20分，40道題，每道題0.5分。詞匯量難度不大，40道題沒有把握的在10個(gè)以下，而且出題越來(lái)越偏向考純?cè)~匯。往年真題還會(huì)考一些語(yǔ)法，如倒裝、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等，現(xiàn)在就是考單詞，只需要認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞中文意思，就能做對(duì)題目，不認(rèn)識(shí)就不會(huì)，純考認(rèn)單詞。這沒有什么好講的，靠平時(shí)的記單詞了，記得越多，效果越好。我用的詞匯版本是《考博英語(yǔ)10000詞匯》，認(rèn)認(rèn)真真看了一篇，然后就是做真題，在閱讀中記詞匯。關(guān)于真題，我認(rèn)為，越是最近幾年的真題，越是有用，太過于久遠(yuǎn)的，參考意義不大。真題的作用：讓我們熟悉題型，畢竟每個(gè)學(xué)校出題都有自己的風(fēng)格，做過幾套試卷后，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些題型是有待于加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的，那些是容易失分的題型，心里會(huì)有個(gè)數(shù)。真題，一定得做。關(guān)于真題的來(lái)源，可以直接淘寶。第二題，閱讀理解，共30分，6篇passage，每篇5個(gè)4選1，每道閱讀理解題1分。感覺是題量偏大，每道題分?jǐn)?shù)才1分，性價(jià)比低，所以抓緊閱讀速度是關(guān)鍵，細(xì)枝末節(jié)的沒有把握的選項(xiàng)，快速跳過，不要浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間，要知道后面還有大把的題目等著你去做。6篇閱讀，難度都不算大，我看懂了5篇，1篇看的不太懂?？炊说陌盐帐敲科e(cuò)1-2個(gè)，看不太懂的就沒有把握了。第三題，Close，共25分。就是我們所說(shuō)的完形填空。分二部分，SectionA，10分，一段文章里面有20個(gè)空，每個(gè)空4選1，每空0.5分。SectionB，15分，一段文章里面有15個(gè)空，給你20個(gè)供選單詞，每空填一個(gè)單詞，每空1分。

這里面有二個(gè)問題：第一，給出的供選單詞數(shù)超過需要量，就是有5個(gè)單詞是用不到的，主要作用是干擾選項(xiàng)。今年交大英語(yǔ)博士試題的出題老師可能在SectionB上出了個(gè)小烏龍，20個(gè)供選單詞里面有二個(gè)單詞是一模一樣的，也就是只給出了19個(gè)供選單詞，剛看到題目時(shí)，我還以為看錯(cuò)了，重新看過一篇后，發(fā)現(xiàn)拼寫并沒有錯(cuò)，確實(shí)二個(gè)單詞是相同的，難道是這個(gè)單詞在close里面需要使用2次？如果是要用到2次，這不是出題者擺明了告訴你有2個(gè)空要用到這個(gè)單詞？想來(lái)想去，還是應(yīng)該是出題老師自擺烏龍吧，不過這對(duì)于考生而言，是個(gè)利好，畢竟少了一個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)。第二，所選單詞還需要變形：根據(jù)在文中的意思，要符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣，變換該單詞形式，如該單詞的過去式、完成時(shí)、單數(shù)三人稱或復(fù)數(shù)等形式，故難度較大，分值的性價(jià)比亦高：這一篇文章相當(dāng)于3篇閱讀理解，相當(dāng)于閱讀理解分?jǐn)?shù)的一半！所以考交大，這是博士英語(yǔ)考試?yán)_分?jǐn)?shù)差距的地方，SectionB必須引起足夠的重視！我先做的是SectionB。先把20個(gè)供選單詞掃一遍，基本都是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)本科常用詞匯，心里面過一遍中文含義，接著再把全文掃一遍。這個(gè)時(shí)候大概也得出了這么一個(gè)結(jié)論：這篇文章難易程度如何，如果整篇生詞較少，基本能夠理解其大意，難度中等或偏小，那么我就會(huì)把60-70%的完型時(shí)間放在SectionB，30%左右的時(shí)間放在SectionA；如果SectionB較難讀懂，那就多拿出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間做SectionA。為什么要這么做？經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)而已。交大博士英語(yǔ)以“題量大，難度適中”為其顯著特點(diǎn)，合理的時(shí)間分配至關(guān)重要。當(dāng)你每一道題都精雕細(xì)琢，花大時(shí)間追求成功率時(shí)，最后如果沒有時(shí)間完成作文或者是其他題目的話，那種感覺是相當(dāng)痛苦的。整張?jiān)嚲碜鱿聛?lái)的感覺是：題目并不是很難啊，只是沒有時(shí)間了？嗚嗚嗚嗚。所以考場(chǎng)上要帶上一塊手表（閔行考場(chǎng)中上院、中下院等蠻大，但教室內(nèi)沒掛鐘表），時(shí)間的分配至關(guān)重要。我的Close大部分時(shí)間花在了SectionB，關(guān)于今年的SectionA，我根本都沒有時(shí)間做了，我怕作文寫不完，SectionB結(jié)束后，我直接進(jìn)入作文部分，最后剩下不到10分鐘時(shí)間選完了SectionA，直接在答題卡上涂了20個(gè)ABCD，完全沒有時(shí)間看懂SectionA說(shuō)的什么內(nèi)容，所以也不知道難度如何。第四題，作文一篇，供25分。作文這一塊，分值所占也極重，所以平時(shí)作文一定要在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)自己練習(xí)去寫，光看作文范文是不行的，背誦范文后，拿到考場(chǎng)上用是可以的。一個(gè)重要原則是：“少出錯(cuò)，多出彩”。少出錯(cuò)，我的理解是，揀你最有把握的句型最有把握的單詞去寫，你有把握就這樣寫，沒有把握就不這樣寫，因?yàn)橄雽懯裁磧?nèi)容是你說(shuō)了算，話題的范圍很廣的，確保你寫的每一句話沒有重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；多出彩，我的理解是，考前要記住一些好的句型，好的表達(dá)方式，反正不管什么英語(yǔ)作文，我確保我是一定會(huì)用上定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、倒裝句，there be句型等，絕不會(huì)是通篇以主謂賓結(jié)束。在沒有重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤下，多樣的句型會(huì)讓你的作文分?jǐn)?shù)在及格分以上。

英語(yǔ)答題順序:1.一上來(lái)趁著思維靈敏先把6道閱讀理解給干掉，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，30分比重大，閱讀較容易，都能看懂。60分鐘要搞定。

2.寫作文，作文重要性不言而喻。趁著自己記憶經(jīng)典語(yǔ)句沒有消退，趕緊將文章寫完。文章主題主要是關(guān)于倫理道德是否會(huì)影響個(gè)人的發(fā)展成功。這幾年隨著大學(xué)生素質(zhì)下降和社會(huì)道德淪陷，交大作文注重點(diǎn)放在了社會(huì)倫理道德方面（比如：前兩年關(guān)于“老人倒地扶不扶“）。30分鐘要搞定 3.完成cloze。先寫clozeB，它的分值大。寫的時(shí)候先把被選詞詞性標(biāo)出，是動(dòng)詞、是形容詞、是名詞。。，今年是關(guān)于儒教的內(nèi)容，又是和倫理道德有關(guān)。20分鐘搞定。好了到此為止你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)剩下都是選擇題，對(duì)你的心理壓力會(huì)減輕，怎么做都回把答題卡涂完。clozeA，是選擇題，好像和澳洲青蘋果有關(guān)，不算太難?？梢?0分鐘搞定。

4.詞匯題最后寫，因?yàn)榻淮笥⒄Z(yǔ)詞匯不考生難詞，只靠常用詞的引申義、詞匯相近意思、詞形相近辨析。。多看真題就可，基本上都差不多。30分鐘搞定

5.最后還剩20分鐘把看不太明白的閱讀仔檢查下，頂多就1-2篇在題目選擇方面有點(diǎn)小障礙。

第三篇：西安交通大學(xué)機(jī)械專業(yè)課考博英語(yǔ)題型

一共四道大題，包括7個(gè)小題，其中第7道題是對(duì)碩士階段所做工作總結(jié)，為選做題，不計(jì)入總分。

第一大題是撰寫專業(yè)英語(yǔ)，包括2小題，給出了中文摘要，讓翻譯成英文。

第1題與幾何測(cè)量、材料成型、板材成型、仿真模擬、測(cè)試有關(guān)。Key words是 ：幾何測(cè)量、板材成型、測(cè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（20分）

第2題與電學(xué)、電焊接相關(guān)。加熱電阻絲、電阻導(dǎo)致溫度、溫度場(chǎng)等。其中關(guān)鍵名詞已經(jīng)給出翻譯（20分）。Key words是電阻絲、溫度場(chǎng)、機(jī)械加工、測(cè)試 第二大題是英譯漢。給出3段英文，讓翻譯成中文

第1題是：機(jī)械工程師、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)所涉及的領(lǐng)域而被人眾所周知、涉及工程師的發(fā)明——功率消耗裝置、功率產(chǎn)生裝置：包括發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、船舶、汽車、機(jī)械制造、自動(dòng)機(jī)器人、人造器官、發(fā)電機(jī)等、芯片手機(jī)或者說(shuō)是超薄手機(jī)。最后說(shuō)明機(jī)械無(wú)處不在（15分）

第2題是：這題比較簡(jiǎn)單，我很快做完了：全球化的普及，該段提到產(chǎn)品可以在美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)、在日本制造，在中國(guó)臺(tái)灣組裝，在中國(guó)大陸出售，也可以是虛擬計(jì)劃在香港設(shè)計(jì)、在歐洲實(shí)行的，隨著信息的爆炸，顧客對(duì)全球化產(chǎn)品也有了足夠的了解，或者說(shuō)進(jìn)一步了解，占有市場(chǎng)、讓概念深入人心才是公司贏得全球化的關(guān)鍵（15分）

第3題是：人類想象現(xiàn)在機(jī)械發(fā)展有多快、舉了在美國(guó)一個(gè)科幻電影在20年后變成現(xiàn)實(shí)的例子。還包括開發(fā)外星球不知名的無(wú)機(jī)物給太陽(yáng)系的人們使用，指出人類的想法是奇特甚至是荒繆的，但卻又是現(xiàn)實(shí)合理的。該題還包括：有關(guān)于創(chuàng)新的內(nèi)容、概念，不是真正的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)。如給出的中文有：在21世紀(jì)，進(jìn)入22世紀(jì)等，隨著…發(fā)展（15分）第三大題漢譯英：

可持續(xù)發(fā)展、過度粗放式的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)人類的威脅。發(fā)展環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源綜合利用相關(guān)。統(tǒng)籌考慮環(huán)境污染和資源利用等等。給出漢語(yǔ)，翻譯成英文（15分）第四大題為選作題：碩士期間的工作用英文表達(dá)，不計(jì)分。其它：

可以帶電子詞典，可以帶英漢詞典，但不允許帶專業(yè)課本?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，要多看機(jī)械、材料專業(yè)的專業(yè)書。然后平時(shí)英語(yǔ)成績(jī)也要過關(guān)。題量有點(diǎn)多，有部分同學(xué)沒做完。我做了大概90分左右，第7題選做題也沒時(shí)間寫啦。

第四篇：中國(guó)人民大學(xué)-考博英語(yǔ)真題

中國(guó)人民大學(xué)——英語(yǔ)2004年博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

客觀題部分

請(qǐng)用鉛筆將此部分試題的答案填涂在答題卡上，否則無(wú)效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “l(fā)iteral translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主觀題部分

請(qǐng)用鋼筆或圓珠筆將此部分試題的答案做在答題紙二上，否則無(wú)效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)層成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國(guó) 和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國(guó)，并從投資活動(dòng)中 獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信，中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國(guó)投資活 動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來(lái)越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來(lái)越大。在中國(guó)的投資活動(dòng)一 定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó) 和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.

第五篇：西安交通大學(xué)考研-通信2012年真題回憶版

眾所周知交大的真題從08年以后管的很嚴(yán)，不外流了。從這次卷子的風(fēng)格來(lái)看，信號(hào)與系統(tǒng)方面的題型和以前差不多，也不難，但是數(shù)字信號(hào)處理部分的完全出乎意料。以前的題好歹能摸個(gè)差不多，有奧本海姆的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理書上的題，這次的題我從任何書上都找不到原型，甚至類似的，不知道出題老師去哪弄的啊。。

第一題，判斷，四個(gè)小題

第二題，選擇，四個(gè)小題

第三題，簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算，包括四個(gè)小題，傅里葉變換，卷積以及其他的。。

第四題，給個(gè)差分方程，求系統(tǒng)函數(shù)，零極點(diǎn)以及其他的。。

第五題，給個(gè)圖求系統(tǒng)函數(shù)以及其他的。。

第六題（前面都算簡(jiǎn)單，這里開始難了），給個(gè)微分方程求系統(tǒng)函數(shù)，半功率點(diǎn)，相移。。第七題，給個(gè)關(guān)系式問還有沒有零點(diǎn)，極點(diǎn)在哪，設(shè)計(jì)個(gè)低/陷濾波器以及其他的。。。第八題，給些參數(shù)，問第幾類濾波器，什么奇偶性，橫截型，在反變換積分區(qū)間的關(guān)系式等等等。。

七、八題是數(shù)字信號(hào)處理的，巨難，占50分，都只答了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。前面的計(jì)算題簡(jiǎn)單，判斷那里有些小問題吧。做題的時(shí)候時(shí)間很充裕，因?yàn)椴粫?huì)寫的真的實(shí)在不會(huì)，那題型完全沒見過。

教材用奧本海姆，閻鴻森，鄒理和，還有三一叢書（這本書很重要，幫你省很多事）。當(dāng)然書上有一些多余的章節(jié)是不要看的。

專業(yè)課復(fù)習(xí)的其他問題可以問我。

最后說(shuō)一句，一般人專業(yè)課的復(fù)習(xí)暑假要開始，數(shù)字信號(hào)處理夠折磨人的。最后那段日子政治要背了，數(shù)學(xué)要保持手感，英語(yǔ)還要攻作文，專業(yè)課拖到后面會(huì)很急躁的。定下西安交大這個(gè)目標(biāo)就努力，真沒有想象中那么難！