第一篇：2014職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級完形填空及譯文

2014職稱英語教材-衛(wèi)生類A級5篇完形填空及參考譯文（紅色為書中選項答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．a(chǎn)lthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “l(fā)ifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在過去的20年，工人從一個國家到另一個國家的趨勢越來越大。一些剛剛獨立的國家把大部分工作留給當?shù)厝?，這一點是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區(qū)的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國家能夠召集外面的人來改進本地設(shè)施。因此中東吸引了來自美國和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國和日本的許多國家引入了建筑工人和技師。

由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以掙到他們在自己國家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來訪工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

有時一個劣勢就有一個補償?shù)膬?yōu)勢。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導(dǎo)致更深的友誼，因為工人們?yōu)榱税踩褪孢m必須互相依賴。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢，部分原因是因為那里缺少娛樂設(shè)施。工作通常是復(fù)雜的，而且充滿問題，但是這會向那些更愿解決問題而不是在自己國家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

影響中東的移民工人的一個主要問題是他們的工作是暫時性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因為沒有一個國家歡迎大量的外國工人作為永久居民。無論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個不足，因為他們得到的是可觀的經(jīng)濟利益。夢之閑話

人人都會做夢，也確實每個人睡覺都做夢。那些聲稱睡覺從來不做夢的人其實都有做夢，而且做夢的頻次與其他人一樣，只是他們從來記不住自己做的夢而已。即使是那些能清楚地意識到自己夜復(fù)一夜都在做夢的人也很少能夠把那些細節(jié)都描述得淋漓盡致，能記住的也只是一些看起來毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的印象與場景組成的一團混沌。夢境不僅僅是視覺的，我們做夢的時候會牽動我們的各種器官，所以我們在夢里似乎能夠聽到聲音，能觸摸到，還能嗅到氣味，甚至嘗到味道。

埃及的《夢幻書語》是目前世界上所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早關(guān)于夢的文本記載。這本書大概5000年的歷史，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在那個年代，人們就已經(jīng)相信夢特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人們都堅信不能驚醒睡夢中的人，因為在睡夢中，人的靈魂都會離開身體，如果別驚醒，靈魂也許就不能及時回到身體里。

從古到今，人們就一直試圖解析夢境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多關(guān)于解夢的書，遺憾的是，對于同一個夢，有多少本書就會有多少種解釋。

13科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護，使他們免遭心臟

停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。

僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計算機軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查?！澳壳暗脑S多計劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根·納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮?！币粋€基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

14運動的年輕人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康校醫(yī)院的科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項最新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報上。這項研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬瑞典新兵。這些新兵們報到時接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究員對這兩類測試數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析。

研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的智能測試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系和明顯的。最突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)?！吧眢w健康是指，一個人心肺功能好，能將充足的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師邁克爾·尼爾森如說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長因子也很重要。”

通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強身體鍛煉的青少年往往認知能力也較強，”哥德堡大學(xué)健康學(xué)研究院研究員，ABY健康中心醫(yī)師瑪利亞·啊伯格說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體院應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中一門重要的學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論科學(xué)，體育課是非常有必要的?！?/p>

研究人員還將新兵服役入伍報到時的體格檢查和智商測試的結(jié)果與后來他們來生活中的社會經(jīng)濟地位進行了比較。那些18歲是身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。

15上世界人類平均壽命的變化

一百年前，發(fā)達國家的人口平均壽命約為47歲，到21世紀初，美英兩國男性平均壽命為74歲，女性約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長。是什么造成這樣的變化呢？在研究100年前人類的壽命時，我們需要注意當時的一些不治之癥。早在20世界初期，這些不治

之癥經(jīng)常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年邁體弱的人也總面臨著他們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)遠不能致命。這一變化歸于許多因素，比如：環(huán)境及個人衛(wèi)生的改善、抗生素的發(fā)現(xiàn)及使用（抗生素大大降低了細菌病的危險）以及常見疾病預(yù)防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫暖的屋子還有對營養(yǎng)的進一步認識，這些總的環(huán)境的改善也促進了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲。但盡管現(xiàn)在人們壽命確實比以前長了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個歲數(shù)?，F(xiàn)在困擾人們的是像心臟病、中風(fēng)那些更為慢性的疾病，還有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述疾病大多影響著老年人，但令人擔(dān)憂的問題在發(fā)達國家日趨明顯，如：肥胖癥產(chǎn)生更多心臟病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸成年輕化。

人們?nèi)绻堰@些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它們的進一步發(fā)展。

第二篇：2018年職稱英語試卷結(jié)構(gòu) - 衛(wèi)生類完形填空

一、考試時間： 2小時

二、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)及上課思路：

共計65道客觀題組成。總分：100分.第一部分：詞匯選項——15題15分；

（請大家?guī)ё值?，每次課花15m)第二部分：閱讀判斷——7題7分；(講解一。重點）

第三部分：概括大意與完成句子——8題8分；(講解二。重點）

第四部分：閱讀理解——15題45分；(講解三。重點）

第五部分：補全短文——5題10分；

（不作重點，最后講，花一節(jié)課時間）

第六部分：完形填空——15題15分(講解四。重點）。

其中，最重點和最容易拿到分數(shù)的有3個題型：

1、詞匯選項（職稱英語考試允許帶一本紙質(zhì)詞典）；

2、閱讀理解職稱英語考試一般規(guī)律三篇閱讀理解文章其中有1篇可能來自于國家指定教材；（2018年真題中，綜合類;真題中與課本完全一樣的為第38篇why so many children? 課文與5個題目及備選答案連順序都一樣。

理工類;真題中與課本完全一樣的為第43篇 forecasting methods,課文與閱讀內(nèi)容一樣，但出題的題目及備選答案有變化，不與課本完全一致。

衛(wèi)生類：

真題中與課本完全一樣的為第45篇 DNA Fingerpring,課文與閱讀內(nèi)容一樣，但出題的題目及備選答案有變化，不與課本完全一致。

3、完形填空題目可能來自于國家指定教材。（2018年真題中，綜合類;真題中與課本一樣的為第14篇family history。理工類;真題中與課本一樣的為第13篇 better solar engery system:more heat,more bright。

衛(wèi)生類：

真題中與課本一樣的為第13篇 scientists develop ways of detecting heart attack。

三、考場查詞技巧

1、對于詞匯選項題，建議查詞時最好從B)和C)答案查起，在A)、B)、C)、D)四個選項的情況下，往往B)和C)正確的幾率較大。如2013年答案答案：1——15

adbda，caccb，cadbb。相比而言，b和c出現(xiàn)了四次。A和d出現(xiàn)了三次。因此我們建議在做詞匯選項題時，遇到生詞最好從B)和C)答案查起。這樣如果能從B）或C）中找到答案可大大節(jié)省時間。

2、重點查閱單詞的常用解釋

我們都知道一個單詞有時會有好幾個意思。在這里我們告訴大家職稱英語考試中一般都考察該詞語的前三個義項為主。剩下的很多解釋一般不會考察。

3、在確定了正確答案之后，不必為驗證答案而將其他選項單詞全部查一遍，以免浪費做題時間。

4、所查詞匯要抓住重點，要學(xué)習(xí)根據(jù)上下文意思去理解，切記挨個去查。

5、四個備選答案都不懂的，先放在一塊，選做完其他的再到回來查。

四、考試出題思路

（一）詞匯選項(15分)

只從考試用書中出2~3個小題，其余都是從書外出

（二）閱讀判斷(7分)

此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內(nèi)容。短文后有七個句子，需要判斷是A正確、B錯誤，還是C沒有提到。

先不要看短文，要先快速瀏覽(短文后的)七個小題，先畫出“信息詞更加明顯的題。按”信息詞“快速回到短文，找到對應(yīng)位置再加以判斷。

（三）概括大意與完成句子(8分)

分為兩部分，(1)概括大意：此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內(nèi)容。從短文后的方框中A—F六項里選出一項來概括所要求的段落。

先看A—F六項后概括所要求的段落，重點盯住段落的第一句或第二句，或最后一句。

(2)完成句子：此部分也不從書中出題，因此也不要硬背書中的內(nèi)容。從短文后的方框中A—F六項里選出一項來接準5—8小題的尾部來完成句子。(a)先看5-8題的結(jié)尾部分，根據(jù)要求來選A—F的選項。(b)按照上(5-8題)與下(A—F選項)相通相順來選。(c)將5-8題回歸到原文中理解后，再選A—F項。

（四）閱讀理解(三篇短文，每篇15分，共45分)

(1)從指定用書中出一篇，此分數(shù)一定要拿到。從書外出兩篇，難度低于書中短文。從指定用書中出的一篇，注意：新增教材

(2)從書外出的兩篇，要采取“查讀法”來作，即：先看短文后的五個問題，畫出“信息詞”，快速按“信息詞”找到位置再按要求作題。

（五）補全短文(10分)P222為例

此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內(nèi)容。短文中有五條線，也就是缺少五個句子。短文后有A—F六個選項，從中選出適合填補到短文中五條線上的選項。注意技巧，確保2個對4分，爭取3個對6分。

（六）完形填空(15分)

從書中(15篇中)出一篇。注意+號的那幾篇。特別注意空白處的“左”和“右”。剩下幾天，注意背誦現(xiàn)有空格出的固定短語等。另外，注意先掌握+號的那幾篇的中文意思。（以2018年真題為例）

“______”代表原來課本的空格，“()”代表真題的位置，總之，考試真題的空格會向前移動或向后移動。

衛(wèi)生類完型填空

第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack 【科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法】

German researchers have __ 1 __ a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater(51)__ 2 __ sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually(52)a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases __ 3 __ by disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at(53)are patients who have __ 4 __ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in(54)__ 5 __ disruption to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devices __ 6__(55)a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator __ 7 __(56)of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG.within the body.This integrated system allows(57)diagnosis of __ 8__ blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in(58)for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that(59)of ECG data __ 9 __.The overwhelming __ 10 __ of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this(60)undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only __ 11__(61)into account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making use __ 12__ a non-linear process(62)reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “__ 13 __ changes in the heart(63)over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based __ 14__ 600 patients who had(64)a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show __ 15 __ the new software evaluates the(65)considerably better.科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護，使他們免遭心臟停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計算機軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查。“目前的許多計劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根?納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮?！币粋€基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

練習(xí)：

1.A come up B come up with C come up to D come up against 2.A to B for C with D from 3.A are caused B caused C are to cause D have been causing 4.A easily B readily C frequently D already 5.A disease-producing B health-improving C life-threatening error-correcting 6.A take in B take after C take on D take from 7.A capable B able C skillful D skilled 8.A chronic B acute C recurrent D persistent 9.A precisely B more precisely C precision D more precise 10.A maximum B minimum C majority D minority 11.A get B take C bring D fetch 12.A of B with C for D in 13.A Similarly B In this manner C Otherwise D In this way 14.A in B for C upon D with 15.A what B where C that D when

科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

D 德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護，使他們免遭心臟停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報軟件。僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實施自動干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計算機軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準確。

大部分有風(fēng)險的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查?！澳壳暗脑S多計劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根?納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮?！币粋€基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

第三篇：職稱英語衛(wèi)生類AB級近義詞匯推薦

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類AB級近義詞匯推薦

decide – determine – make up one’s mind決定, 下決心

result – consequence – effect--outcome 結(jié)果

effect – realize 實現(xiàn)

realize--know – be aware of – be conscious of 意識到

think – guess – believe 認為

remember – memorize 記住

reason – cause--motive(B級)原因

cause – bring about 造成

obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一個的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 確定的

employ--hire 雇傭

employ – use – utilize(A 級)--harness(A 級)使用, 利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake--in danger – in distress(B 級)處于危險之中

dangerous – hazardous(A 級)危險的

danger – hazard(B 級)危險

out of question – doubtless 毫無疑問的

out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的

call for – ask – require – request--demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.給某人打電話

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到達

leave – depart(B級)離開

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 尋找

look after – take care of – care for 照顧

look forward to – expect 盼望, 期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丟失

offer – give 給與

discuss – debate – talk over 討論

discussion – debate討論

sympathize – feel sorry 感到同情

reject – refuse – decline – turn down 拒絕

though – although 盡管

beautiful – pretty – attractive – lovely--handsome 美麗的

famous – noted –distinguished – celebrated 著名的

dim – faint 模糊的

complete – finish – accomplish--fulfill 完成

dark – black 黑色的

darken – blacken 使變黑

adequate – enough –ample(A 級)–sufficient 充足的

mild – gentle 溫柔的，溫和的

strange – odd – abnormal(B級)奇怪的

surprised – astonished – shocked 感到吃驚的

surprising – astonishing – shocking 令人吃驚的

proper – appropriate 適當?shù)?/p>

suitable – fit 適合的

fit – healthy 健康的

finally – at last – in the end – eventually – ultimately(A 級)最終的

put off – postpone – delay – defer(A級)推遲

end – finish – stop –cease--come to an end—terminated(A 級)停止

participate in – take part in – join in – be involved in 參加

now and then--occasionally 偶爾

constantly – continuously – endlessly 不斷地

criticize--blame 批評

grasp – catch hold of 抓住

follow – understand – comprehend(A 級)理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考慮在內(nèi)

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放棄

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 轉(zhuǎn)變，兌換

change – alter – vary – modify(B級)改變，變化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy(B級)– cure – treat 治療

practically – almost 幾乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有時

ready – prepared 有準備的

get ready for – get prepared for 為…做好準備

ready – willing 樂意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，幾乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的

suddenly – abruptly(A級)突然地

protect – preserve 保護

slight – a little 輕微的

harmful – damaging--bad 有害的

harm – damage 損害

hurt – injure 傷害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的

affect – influence – impact 影響

impartial(B級)– fair – just 公正的

extract – take out 拔出

repair – fix 修理

physician – doctor 醫(yī)生

depend on – rely on – be dependent on 依靠

particularly – especially 尤其，特別

obvious – evident – clear – distinct 明顯的

safe – secure 安全的

ensure – make sure – make certain 確保

pretty – very – rather – fairly 相當?shù)?/p>

distant – remote 遙遠的

important – essential – crucial 重要的

branch – division 部門

company – firm – concern – corporation – enterprise 公司

behavior – conduct 行為

steady – stable 穩(wěn)定的

spare time – free time 空閑時間

accelerate(B級)– speed up – step up – pick up 加速

decrease(B級)– reduce – cut down on 減少

deficient(A級)– short 缺乏的

delighted – joyful – happy—glad--pleased 高興的

accumulate – gather – collect 積聚，積累

speed – rate 速度

allocate(A級)– assign – distribute 分配

assignment – task 任務(wù)

order – direct 命令

childish(A級)– immature 不成熟的

foolish – stupid--dull 愚蠢的

empty – vacant – bare 空的

regardless of – despite – in spite of不管，不顧

unique – particular 獨特的

as a result – in consequence 結(jié)果

on purpose – intentionally 故意地

pressing – urgent 緊迫的

problem – issue 問題

view – opinion – viewpoint – standpoint – point of view – notion – idea 觀點, 見解

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的

difficult – hard – tough 困難的

area – field 領(lǐng)域

area – region 區(qū)域

final –last 最后的

diploma – certificate 證書

pleasing – satisfactory 令人滿意的

wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的

conference – meeting會議

close – intimate--near親密的

link – connect 連接

explore – investigate 調(diào)查

propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建議

cater for – meet – satisfy 滿足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate(A級)– cooperate 合作

merge(B級)– unite – combine – join 聯(lián)合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel(A級)– force 迫使

appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的

appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate(A 級)吸引

temptation(B級)– attraction 誘惑

instruct – teach 教授(…課程)

confidential(A 級)– secret 秘密的

private – personal 私人的

vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 階段

pattern – mode 模式，式樣

destroy – ruin 毀滅

facilitate(A 級)– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生產(chǎn)

prior to – before 在…之前

for good – forever 永遠

be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…

consolidate(A 級)– strengthen 加強，鞏固

contaminate(A 級)–– pollute – stain(A 級)污染

depict(A 級)– describe 描寫

write down – put down 寫下

endeavor(B 級)– try – attempt 努力

annoy – irritate(A 級)使生氣

annoying – irritating 討厭的，令人生氣的

tease(A 級)– make fun of取笑

laugh at – mock(B 級)嘲笑

boring – dull--uninteresting令人厭煩的

seem – appear 看起來

contented – satisfactory – satisfied 滿意的

exhibit – show 展示

show – indicate 表明

hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 討厭，不喜歡

terrible--awful 可怕的

precise – accurate – exact 精確的

concise – brief--short 簡明的

deceive(A 級)– cheat 欺騙

elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的

purchase – buy 購買

deal with – cope with – handle 應(yīng)付，處理

forbid – prohibit(A 級)--ban 禁止

lawful – legal 合法的

orthodox(A 級)--conventional 傳統(tǒng)的

unbelievable – incredible 難以置信的

industrious(B 級)– hardworking 勤勞的，刻苦的

indispensable(A 級)– necessary必須的

principal –chief--leading---main 主要的，首要的

employ – hire 雇傭

fire – dismiss – send away解雇

postulate(A 級)– assume – suppose 假定

on the verge of---close to 接近于, 瀕臨于

extinction(A 級)– die out 滅絕

gaze at – look at – stare at 凝視，注視

eligible(A 級)– entitled – qualified 有資格的

employment – work – job 工作

encourage – inspire – push 鼓勵，激勵

no longer – no more 不再

admit – acknowledge 承認

allow – permit 允許

state – declare – announce 宣布，聲明

regret – sorry 遺憾的

remove – get off 脫下

start – begin 開始

complicated(A 級)– complex 復(fù)雜的

comply with(A 級)– observe – abide by(A 級)--stick to 遵守

previous – former 以前的

maintain – hold – think 認為

cause – bring about – lead to – result in 導(dǎo)致

error – mistake 錯誤

component – ingredient – element 成分

solve – settle 解決(問題)

probe(A 級)– explore 探查

involve – include 包括

numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 級)– plentiful 大量的, 豐富的

stay –remain 保持(用作半系動詞)

rest – break 休息

account for – explain 解釋

examination – test 測試，考試

examine – check up 檢查，核對

gain – put on 增加

put up – lift – raise 舉起

put up – build – construct 建造

foster – cultivate – cultivate(B級)培養(yǎng)

alleviate(A級)– relieve--lessen 減輕，減少

severe –serious--bad 嚴重的

severe – strict 嚴厲的

sharp– acute – severe 劇烈的(疼痛)

severe – hard-tough艱苦的

quit – give up – abandon放棄

subject – topic 話題

remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual顯著的

uneasy(A 級)– worried 焦慮的

demolish(A 級)– pull down 拆毀

adverse(A 級)– unfavorable 不利的，相反的

courteous(A 級)– polite – respectful 有禮貌的

courtesy(A 級)– politeness – good manners 禮貌

insane(A 級)– crazy – mad 瘋狂的

sensible –wise – advisable(B 級)明智的

clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聰明的

(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲憊

believable – convincing--credible(B 級)可信的

original – initial 最初的

original – creative 創(chuàng)造性的

competent – capable – able 有能力的

vigorous(A級)– energetic – dynamic(B級)精力充沛的，有活力的

follow–understand–comprehend（A 級）理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考慮在內(nèi)

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放棄

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 轉(zhuǎn)變，兌換

change – alter – vary – modify（B級）改變，變化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy（B級）– cure – treat 治療

practically – almost 幾乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有時

ready – prepared 有準備的

get ready for – get prepared for 為…做好準備

ready – willing 樂意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，幾乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的suddenly – abruptly（A級）突然地

protect – preserve 保護

slight – a little 輕微的

harmful – damaging —— bad 有害的

harm – damage 損害

hurt – injure 傷害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的affect – influence – impact 影響

decide – determine – make up one's mind決定，下決心

result – consequence – effect —— outcome 結(jié)果

effect – realize 實現(xiàn)

realize —— know – be aware of – be conscious of 意識到

think – guess – believe 認為

remember – memorize 記住

reason – cause —— motive（B級）原因

cause – bring about 造成obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一個的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 確定的

employ —— hire 雇傭

employ – use – utilize（A 級）—— harness（A 級）使用，利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake —— in danger – in distress（B 級）處于危險之中

dangerous – hazardous（A 級）危險的

danger – hazard（B 級）危險

out of question – doubtless 毫無疑問的out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的call for – ask – require – request —— demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.給某人打電話

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到達

leave – depart（B級）離開

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 尋找

look after – take care of – care for 照顧

look forward to – expect 盼望，期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丟失

offer – give 給與

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是…。所特有的

difficult – hard – tough 困難的

area – field 領(lǐng)域

area – region 區(qū)域

final –last 最后的diploma – certificate 證書

pleasing – satisfactory 令人滿意的

wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of —— plentiful大量的

conference – meeting會議

close – intimate —— near親密的

link – connect 連接

explore – investigate 調(diào)查

propose – suggest – advise —— recommend 建議

cater for – meet – satisfy 滿足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate（A級）– cooperate 合作

merge（B級）– unite – combine – join 聯(lián)合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel（A級）– force 迫使

appealing – attractive ——fascinating 吸引人的appeal to —— tempt – attract – fascinate（A 級）吸引

temptation（B級）– attraction 誘惑

instruct – teach 教授（…課程）

confidential（A 級）– secret 秘密的

private – personal 私人的vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 階段

pattern – mode 模式，式樣

destroy – ruin 毀滅

facilitate（A 級）– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生產(chǎn)

prior to – before 在…之前

第四篇：職稱英語衛(wèi)生類AB級近義詞匯推薦

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類AB級近義詞匯推薦

decide – determine – make up one’s mind決定, 下決心

result – consequence – effect--outcome 結(jié)果

effect – realize 實現(xiàn)

realize--know – be aware of – be conscious of 意識到

think – guess – believe 認為

remember – memorize 記住

reason – cause--motive(B級)原因

cause – bring about 造成

obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一個的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 確定的

employ--hire 雇傭

employ – use – utilize(A 級)--harness(A 級)使用, 利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake--in danger – in distress(B 級)處于危險之中

dangerous – hazardous(A 級)危險的

danger – hazard(B 級)危險

out of question – doubtless 毫無疑問的

out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的

call for – ask – require – request--demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.給某人打電話

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到達

leave – depart(B級)離開

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 尋找

look after – take care of – care for 照顧

look forward to – expect 盼望, 期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丟失

offer – give 給與

discuss – debate – talk over 討論

discussion – debate討論

sympathize – feel sorry 感到同情

reject – refuse – decline – turn down 拒絕

though – although 盡管

beautiful – pretty – attractive – lovely--handsome 美麗的

famous – noted –distinguished – celebrated 著名的

dim – faint 模糊的

complete – finish – accomplish--fulfill 完成

dark – black 黑色的

darken – blacken 使變黑

adequate – enough –ample(A 級)–sufficient 充足的

mild – gentle 溫柔的，溫和的

strange – odd – abnormal(B級)奇怪的

surprised – astonished – shocked 感到吃驚的

surprising – astonishing – shocking 令人吃驚的

proper – appropriate 適當?shù)?/p>

suitable – fit 適合的

fit – healthy 健康的

finally – at last – in the end – eventually – ultimately(A 級)最終的

put off – postpone – delay – defer(A級)推遲

end – finish – stop –cease--come to an end—terminated(A 級)停止

participate in – take part in – join in – be involved in 參加

now and then--occasionally 偶爾

constantly – continuously – endlessly 不斷地

criticize--blame 批評

grasp – catch hold of 抓住

follow – understand – comprehend(A 級)理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考慮在內(nèi)

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放棄

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 轉(zhuǎn)變，兌換

change – alter – vary – modify(B級)改變，變化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy(B級)– cure – treat 治療

practically – almost 幾乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有時

ready – prepared 有準備的

get ready for – get prepared for 為…做好準備

ready – willing 樂意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，幾乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的

suddenly – abruptly(A級)突然地

protect – preserve 保護

slight – a little 輕微的

harmful – damaging--bad 有害的

harm – damage 損害

hurt – injure 傷害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的

affect – influence – impact 影響

impartial(B級)– fair – just 公正的

extract – take out 拔出

repair – fix 修理

physician – doctor 醫(yī)生

depend on – rely on – be dependent on 依靠

particularly – especially 尤其，特別

obvious – evident – clear – distinct 明顯的

safe – secure 安全的

ensure – make sure – make certain 確保

pretty – very – rather – fairly 相當?shù)?/p>

distant – remote 遙遠的

important – essential – crucial 重要的

branch – division 部門

company – firm – concern – corporation – enterprise 公司

behavior – conduct 行為

steady – stable 穩(wěn)定的

spare time – free time 空閑時間

accelerate(B級)– speed up – step up – pick up 加速

decrease(B級)– reduce – cut down on 減少

deficient(A級)– short 缺乏的

delighted – joyful – happy—glad--pleased 高興的

accumulate – gather – collect 積聚，積累

speed – rate 速度

allocate(A級)– assign – distribute 分配

assignment – task 任務(wù)

order – direct 命令

childish(A級)– immature 不成熟的

foolish – stupid--dull 愚蠢的

empty – vacant – bare 空的

regardless of – despite – in spite of不管，不顧

unique – particular 獨特的

as a result – in consequence 結(jié)果

on purpose – intentionally 故意地

pressing – urgent 緊迫的

problem – issue 問題

view – opinion – viewpoint – standpoint – point of view – notion – idea 觀點, 見解

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的

difficult – hard – tough 困難的

area – field 領(lǐng)域

area – region 區(qū)域

final –last 最后的

diploma – certificate 證書

pleasing – satisfactory 令人滿意的

wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的

conference – meeting會議

close – intimate--near親密的

link – connect 連接

explore – investigate 調(diào)查

propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建議

cater for – meet – satisfy 滿足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate(A級)– cooperate 合作

merge(B級)– unite – combine – join 聯(lián)合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel(A級)– force 迫使

appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的

appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate(A 級)吸引

temptation(B級)– attraction 誘惑

instruct – teach 教授(…課程)

confidential(A 級)– secret 秘密的

private – personal 私人的

vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 階段

pattern – mode 模式，式樣

destroy – ruin 毀滅

facilitate(A 級)– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生產(chǎn)

prior to – before 在…之前

for good – forever 永遠

be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…

consolidate(A 級)– strengthen 加強，鞏固

contaminate(A 級)–– pollute – stain(A 級)污染

depict(A 級)– describe 描寫

write down – put down 寫下

endeavor(B 級)– try – attempt 努力

annoy – irritate(A 級)使生氣

annoying – irritating 討厭的，令人生氣的

tease(A 級)– make fun of取笑

laugh at – mock(B 級)嘲笑

boring – dull--uninteresting令人厭煩的

seem – appear 看起來

contented – satisfactory – satisfied 滿意的

exhibit – show 展示

show – indicate 表明

hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 討厭，不喜歡

terrible--awful 可怕的

precise – accurate – exact 精確的

concise – brief--short 簡明的

deceive(A 級)– cheat 欺騙

elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的

purchase – buy 購買

deal with – cope with – handle 應(yīng)付，處理

forbid – prohibit(A 級)--ban 禁止

lawful – legal 合法的

orthodox(A 級)--conventional 傳統(tǒng)的

unbelievable – incredible 難以置信的

industrious(B 級)– hardworking 勤勞的，刻苦的

indispensable(A 級)– necessary必須的

principal –chief--leading---main 主要的，首要的

employ – hire 雇傭

fire – dismiss – send away解雇

postulate(A 級)– assume – suppose 假定

on the verge of---close to 接近于, 瀕臨于

extinction(A 級)– die out 滅絕

gaze at – look at – stare at 凝視，注視

eligible(A 級)– entitled – qualified 有資格的

employment – work – job 工作

encourage – inspire – push 鼓勵，激勵

no longer – no more 不再

admit – acknowledge 承認

allow – permit 允許

state – declare – announce 宣布，聲明

regret – sorry 遺憾的

remove – get off 脫下

start – begin 開始

complicated(A 級)– complex 復(fù)雜的

comply with(A 級)– observe – abide by(A 級)--stick to 遵守

previous – former 以前的

maintain – hold – think 認為

cause – bring about – lead to – result in 導(dǎo)致

error – mistake 錯誤

component – ingredient – element 成分

solve – settle 解決(問題)

probe(A 級)– explore 探查

involve – include 包括

numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 級)– plentiful 大量的, 豐富的

stay –remain 保持(用作半系動詞)

rest – break 休息

account for – explain 解釋

examination – test 測試，考試

examine – check up 檢查，核對

gain – put on 增加

put up – lift – raise 舉起

put up – build – construct 建造

foster – cultivate – cultivate(B級)培養(yǎng)

alleviate(A級)– relieve--lessen 減輕，減少

severe –serious--bad 嚴重的

severe – strict 嚴厲的

sharp– acute – severe 劇烈的(疼痛)

severe – hard-tough艱苦的

quit – give up – abandon放棄

subject – topic 話題

remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual顯著的

uneasy(A 級)– worried 焦慮的

demolish(A 級)– pull down 拆毀

adverse(A 級)– unfavorable 不利的，相反的

courteous(A 級)– polite – respectful 有禮貌的

courtesy(A 級)– politeness – good manners 禮貌

insane(A 級)– crazy – mad 瘋狂的

sensible –wise – advisable(B 級)明智的

clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聰明的

(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲憊

believable – convincing--credible(B 級)可信的

original – initial 最初的

original – creative 創(chuàng)造性的

competent – capable – able 有能力的

vigorous(A級)– energetic – dynamic(B級)精力充沛的，有活力的

第五篇：2014年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級答案-完型填空

More about Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease1 and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.' The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.“ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages2，” said Patricia Grady，acting director3 of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland.“This

discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”

Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause4 of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone5.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.6 There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer' s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that7 Alzheimer's results from physiological changes

throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation8.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for9 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.10