第一篇：英語閱讀理解教學(xué)心得體會

英語閱讀理解教學(xué)心得體會

紅石學(xué)校

鄭紅梅

我們知道初中英語閱讀理解在中考中占有相當(dāng)重的比例，不難看出這是社會發(fā)展的必然，也是新時代對中學(xué)生提出的要求。新教材的不斷改進，英語教師應(yīng)以新的教學(xué)方法去培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力。根據(jù)幾年的英語教學(xué)實踐，我認(rèn)為初中英語閱讀教學(xué)應(yīng)從以下幾點做起。

一、設(shè)計興趣情境理解課文內(nèi)容

“興趣是最好的老師”興趣是學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的一項重要保證。為了更好地完成英語閱讀教學(xué)中每一課的教學(xué)任務(wù)，在教學(xué)之前，我嘗試著圍繞課文內(nèi)容設(shè)計與之密切相關(guān)的能引起學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的練習(xí)題，讓學(xué)生以這些練習(xí)題為引導(dǎo)，教師以輕松明快的節(jié)奏創(chuàng)設(shè)出快速度通讀課文的教學(xué)情境，引發(fā)學(xué)生對英語閱讀的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，這其間選擇重點內(nèi)容讓學(xué)生進一步理解，以利于獲得更好的學(xué)習(xí)英語課文的信息，對下一步的英語閱讀教學(xué)任務(wù)作好鋪墊。教學(xué)中也可使用的現(xiàn)代化教學(xué)設(shè)備如：投影片、多媒體計算機等，充分發(fā)揮了它們擁有的效能，吸引了同學(xué)們的注意力，調(diào)節(jié)了課堂上枯燥、乏味的氣氛，學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣會越發(fā)濃厚起來，他們的英語閱讀能力得到了較大的提高。

二、強化英語閱讀教學(xué)中語言的訓(xùn)練

英語語言素材積累的不夠，在交際中會造成尷尬的局面。那么怎樣解決英語語言素材積累的不夠的遺憾呢？這就需要中學(xué)生從閱讀中進行積累，也要求英語教師進行強化英語閱讀教學(xué)中語言的訓(xùn)練，語言積累多了交際能力也就提高了。在閱讀中，我引導(dǎo)學(xué)生以前面的練習(xí)題為教學(xué)語境去理解詞語的意思，由原來的逐詞閱讀變?yōu)榫渥娱喿x，近而抓住課文的主要語句，串講課文并要求學(xué)生復(fù)述，使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中獲得實際運用語言的本領(lǐng)。

三、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自學(xué)能力

自學(xué)能力對初中學(xué)生來講不是不可擁有的能力，教學(xué)中，我鼓勵學(xué)生用不同的自學(xué)方法進行嘗試性自學(xué)，用適合學(xué)生自己特點的自學(xué)方法去掌握閱讀的方法同時，使用自己的語言及同學(xué)們?nèi)菀桌斫獾姆绞絹韺﹂喿x材料進行講解。這樣一段時間下來，學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力得到了提高，自學(xué)能力有了相應(yīng)的進步，當(dāng)然語言表達能力也在加強。

四、運用互動教學(xué)方式提高學(xué)生英語閱讀能力

首先，教師要大家默讀一段課文，然后結(jié)合這段課文，向大家明確地示范如何抓住課文的主題做總結(jié)，如何圍繞課文的中心意思提出問題，指出需要注意的詞組和句型，以及如何預(yù)測下文的內(nèi)容。在教師示范之后，學(xué)生就下一段課文來練習(xí)使用這些理解策略。教師安排學(xué)生輪流做“小老師”，在大家默讀完一段課文后，這個“小老師”要象教師那樣帶著大家討論和分析課文的內(nèi)容，包括就課文內(nèi)容提出合適的問題要大家回答，總結(jié)此段課文的主要內(nèi)容，澄清難詞、難句的意思，以及預(yù)測下文內(nèi)容等。其他學(xué)習(xí)者以各種形式參與到討論中來，包括：（1）對其他學(xué)生的總結(jié)做詳細(xì)的解釋或評價；（2）回答問題并就課文內(nèi)容提出其它問題；（3）評價別人對課文內(nèi)容所做的預(yù)測；（4）就自己不清楚的內(nèi)容請教別人，要求他們給予明確的解釋；（5）幫助他人解除對課文的誤解，等等。所有這些都是在學(xué)習(xí)。

五、閱讀中滲透作文教學(xué)

大綱指出：“在英語作文教學(xué)中要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把從閱讀中學(xué)到的基本功應(yīng)用到自己的作文中去?！边@就是說，從閱讀中學(xué)作文，學(xué)生理清了課文的思路，訓(xùn)練就要深化。從縮寫到仿寫，從仿寫到創(chuàng)作舉一到反三，從課內(nèi)向課外延伸，從而完成了知識的遷移。這樣枯燥的麻煩的學(xué)生恐懼的作文訓(xùn)練，就融在了閱讀的學(xué)習(xí)之中。

第二篇：英語閱讀理解

閱讀理解。Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary,drawn like so many others by the“ Great American Dream”.However, he experienced severefinancial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman , is a powerful attack on the Americansystem, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business thereis no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to whatto do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.阿瑟·米勒（1915-2005）是舉世公認(rèn)的最偉大的劇作家之一20世紀(jì)。米勒的父親已經(jīng)從奧地利匈牙利移居美國，繪制像許多其他的“偉大的美國夢”。不過，他經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的當(dāng)他的家族企業(yè)是毀在了大蕭條時期的經(jīng)濟困難早l930s。?米勒最著名的發(fā)揮，推銷員之死，是美國強大的攻擊系統(tǒng)憑借其積極的做生意的方式及其對金錢和社會的堅持地位，價值的指標(biāo)。在威利·洛曼，劇中的主人公，我們看到誰擁有一個男人鉆進他的身價麻煩。威利被“燒毀”，并在企業(yè)的殘酷世界里沒有空間感悟：如果他不能做的工作，那么他是沒有好他的雇主，瓦格納公司，他必須去。威利痛苦地意識到了這一點，并在無所適從做他的缺乏成功。他不肯面對事實，他已經(jīng)失敗，殺死自己到底。?當(dāng)它在1949年首次上演，該劇是迎接熱情的評論，和它贏得了托尼獎最佳戲劇，紐約戲劇批評家獎，并普利策戲劇獎。這是第一次發(fā)揮贏得所有這三個重要獎項。?米勒在他的家在羅克斯伯里，康涅狄格死于心臟衰竭，對日晚10,2005，在百老匯推銷員之死的首場演出56周年。1.Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?______ A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B.He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”.C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D.His family business failed.2.The play Death of a Salesman _______.A.exposes the cruelty of the American business world B.discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C.talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D.focuses on the skills in doing business 3.What can we learn about Willy Loman? A.ded as a hero by his colleagues.4.What is the text mainly about?______ A.Arthur Miller and his family..The awards Arthur Miller won.C.The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.D.Arthur Miller and his best-known play.答案：BACD閱讀理解。

When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car.Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation(住所).I suggested that they should stay at 'bed and breakfast' houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family.My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.“We didn't stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “because we found that mostfamilies were away on holiday.” I thought this was strange.Finally I understood what had happened.My friends spoke little English, and they thought 'VACANCIES' meant 'holidays', because the Spanish word for 'holidays' is 'vacaciones'.So they did not go to house where the sign outside said 'VACANCLES', which in English means there are free rooms.Then my friends went to house where the sign said 'NO VACANCLES', because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday.But they found that these houses were all full.As a result, they stayed at hotels!We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs.In Spanish, the word 'DIVERSION' means fun.In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road.When my friends saw the word 'DIVERSION' on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun.Instead, the road ended in a large hold.English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages.Once in Paris, when someone offered me some more coffee, I said “Thank you” in French.I meant that I would like some more.However, to my surprise, the coffee pot was taken away!Later I found out that “Thank you” in French means “No, thank you.”當(dāng)我住在西班牙，我的一些西班牙朋友決定去英國的車程。在他們離開之前，他們問我的意見如何找到住宿（住所）。我建議他們應(yīng)該留在“床和早餐”的房子，因為這種住宿給外國游客的好機會講英語的家庭。我的朋友聽了我的意見，但他們帶回來一些有趣的故事?！拔覀儧]有停留在床和早餐的房子，”他們說，“因為我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)家庭外出度假?！拔艺J(rèn)為這是奇怪的。我終于明白發(fā)生了什么事。我的朋友說話一點英語，他們認(rèn)為'空缺'的意思'假期'，因為西班牙語單詞對于“假期”是“ vacaciones ”。因此，他們沒有去房子里的符號表示外“ VACANCLES '，這在英文的意思是有免費的客房。然后我的朋友去房子里的牌子上寫著“ NO VACANCLES '，因為他們認(rèn)為這意味著人們誰擁有房子并沒有外出度假。但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些房子都是全部爆滿。因此，他們住在酒店！我們笑了一下，并約在閱讀其他標(biāo)志犯了錯誤我的朋友。在西班牙語，單詞“引水”是指fun.In英語，這意味著工人是修復(fù)道路，你必須采取不同的road.When我的朋友看到這個詞上一個路標(biāo)“引水”，他們認(rèn)為他們將不得不fun.Instead，道路在一個大抱結(jié)束。英國人也有問題，當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)外語。一次在巴黎，當(dāng)有人給我一些更多的咖啡，我說法語“謝謝”。我的意思是我想多一些。然而，出乎我的意料，咖啡壺被搶走了！后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)在法語中的意思是“謝謝你” “不，謝謝你?！?/p>

1.My Spanish friends wanted advice about _____.[ ] A.learning English

B.finding places to stay in England

C.driving their car on English roads

D.going to England by car 2.'NO VACANCIES' in English means _____.[ ] A.no free rooms

B.free rooms

C.not away on holiday

D.holidays 3.When someone offered me more coffee and I said “Thank you” in French, I _____.[ ] A.didn't really want any more coffee

B.wanted them to take the coffee pot away C.really wanted some more coffee

D.wanted to express my politeness 4.I was surprised when the coffee pot was taken away because I _____.[ ] A.hadn't finished drinking my coffee B.was expecting another cup of coffee C.meant that I didn't want any more D.was never misunderstood 答案：BACB

An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to（歸因于）the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service.A.spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.Professor john Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments—were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.“There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it.One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.” He added.University applications rose 7% last year.But there were rises above average in several subjects.Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in caters in the pubic sector（部門）, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.A.recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”

在學(xué)生申請學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟學(xué)，大學(xué)增加被歸因于（歸因于）全球經(jīng)濟危機喚醒公眾對知識的渴求對金融系統(tǒng)是如何工作的。申請學(xué)位課程開始今年秋季分別增長15 ％今年一月，根據(jù)UCAS，大學(xué)及院校招生事務(wù)處。A.發(fā)言人皇家經(jīng)濟學(xué)會說應(yīng)用在A級從事經(jīng)濟學(xué)研究也上升。約翰比思教授，社會的總裁和圣安德魯斯大學(xué)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講課，說他的第一年的講座，這是開放給學(xué)生來自各個部門，都繪制的400人群，而不是通常的250。?“有大量的學(xué)生誰不是經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生，誰愿意了解一些有關(guān)它的。有一件事我今年做的是與我的教學(xué)的方式，一句都沒有做傳統(tǒng)的當(dāng)代事件。“他補充說。大學(xué)申請去年同期上漲了7 ％。但有幾個學(xué)科上升到高于平均水平。護士看到了一個15 ％的漲幅，在迎合在恥骨界人士的新的興趣（部門），這被看作是在經(jīng)濟危機更安全。答：最近的研究表明，幾乎三分之二的家長認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該做更多的講授財務(wù)問題的學(xué)生，幾乎一半的人說他們的孩子曾問他們發(fā)生了什么事，雖然父母的少數(shù)覺得他們不理解自己不夠好來解釋。扎克霍金，兒童信托基金的負(fù)責(zé)人說： “這可能是從低迷到出現(xiàn)一個好處將是這一代人的經(jīng)濟更聰明，更有能力通過經(jīng)濟不穩(wěn)定時期來管理他們的錢?！?/p>

71.Professor John Beath’s lectures are.A.given in a traditional way B.connected with the present situation C.open to both students and their parents D.warmly received by economics 72.Incomes in the public sector are more attractive because of their.A.greater stability B.higher pay C.fewer applications D.better reputation 73.in the opinion of most parents.A.eccentrics should be the focus of school teaching B.more students should be admitted to universities C.the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened.D.children should solve financial problems themselves 74.According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters.A.wiser in money management B.have access to better equipment C.confide about their future careers D.get jobs in Child Trust Funds 75.What’s the main idea of the text?

A.Universities have received more applications.B.Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students C.college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty D.parents are concerned with children’s subject selection.答案 71.B 72.A 73.C 74.A 75.B

第三篇：英語閱讀理解（定稿）

In the early 1990s,the word”Internet”was strange to most people.But today,Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world.Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind（人類）

Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster.We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world.We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet.We can use search engines to find the information we need.Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games,visiting chat rooms or surfing（瀏覽）websites.There are some games for free.We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now.We can also listen to music and see films.Now ,there is a lot of service on the Internet such as online banking ,job finding and ticket buying.We can also do shopping and find nearly all kinds of goods.Sometimes we can find something that is quite good but very cheap.26.How many main advantages of the Internet are talked about in the passage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.27.What fact doesn?t the passage provide?

A.We can find almost anything we want to know on the Internet.B.Some games on the Internet are free.C.We can buy most things we need on the Internet.D.Goods on the Internet are more expensive than those in real shops.28.Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?

A.Online Shopping

B.Exchanging Information on the Internet

C.The Advantages of the Internet

D.Surfing the Websites on the Internet

You want to know about my staying inAmerica,right?Well,to tell you the truth,it is

really an eye-opening experience study here.In China,I had English classes five times a week since fifth grade.However,I didn?t

know how different textbook English could be from everyday English until I came to

Hotchkiss School,Conmecticut.When I first studied English,I was told to say, “I am fine.”when people say “How are

you ?”But in the US,I found that people say, “I am good.”or “Ilm tired.”

One day ,someone greeted me with “What?s up ?”It ,made me confused.I thought for

a moment and then smiled because I didn?t know what to say.Sincethen,I have discovered more and more differences between Chinese and US

cultures.China ,girls try every possible way to get their skin paler,or “whiter.”

I alsosurprised by how hard-working.US students are.In China,schoolwork is

almost everything ,so we study hard and that? it.But here,a “good”student gets good

grades,does a lot for the public and plays sports or music.The kids here are so talented ,I am starting to be sorry that I gave up playing the piano

at an early age and that I have never thought about sports.61.According to the writer,textbook English is _________everyday English.A.quite different fromB.the same asC.more difficult than

62.What does the word “tan ”in the sixth paragraph mean in Chinese?

A曬黑B曬白C 能量

63.A good US student spends his/her time ________.A.only in doing homework

B.only on sports or music

C.on studies ,sports or music and public work

64.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.The writer is now in US.B.American girls love to have white skin.C.US students are talented and hard-working.65.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.My Own Travel in the US

B.My Studying in the US

C.My Opinion about the US

People often say that the Englishman?s home is his castle.They mean that the home is very important and personal to him.Most people in Britain live in houses ratherthan flats,and many people own their homes.This means that they can make them individual（個體的）;they can paint them,and change them in any way they like.Most house have a garden,even if it is a very small one,and the garden is usually loved.The house and the garden are the private（私人的）space of the individual.People usually like to mark their space.Are you sitting now in your home or on a train?have you marked the space around yourself as your?If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you.If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.Once I was travelling on a train to London.I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us.The man on the space on my side of the table at all.I was angry.Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table.I had read a book about non-verbal communication,so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase!When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出)out of his head.I had invaded(侵犯)his space!A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them.He immediately moved his case to his side ofthe table.Of course,it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!

If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don?t have any private space.Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world.All day long ,you share public spaces with o ther pople.You see the local people in their private spaces and.Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don?t know about.And you even feel that they like you to be outside one of the difficulties of being a traveler!But if you understand it then it helps you.Haven?t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning”a bit of space?

41.The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because______.A.he had no place to sitB.someone had invaded his “space”

C.too many people shared a section with him

D.some other people talked about things he didn?t know about

42.“… ?”in paragraph 4 means that_______.A.you are alone outside the house

B.you feel lonely because you travel on your own

C.you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some fun

D.you feel lonely and you don?t belong to that place or that group of people

43.In Paragraph 4 ,the pronoun “（所指）“___________”.A.public spacesB.private spacesC.local peopleD.other countries

44.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.British people dislike marking their space.B.You always feel at home in another country.C.Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.D.You can?t mark your private space in a foreign country.45.Tha main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to _______.A.own private spaces by living in houses

B.have one corner of their own in public places

C.realize the importance of “space”in communication

D.create their private spaces by talking with local people

When I was a foreign teacher in China,every day I taught English to my students and they taught me about China.One day the topic turned to saying “I love you”.I was shocked to learn that not one of my students had saidthis to their mothers,nor had their mothers said it to them.“Does your mom love you?” “Of course ,”they answered.“How do you know ?”was my logical question.They responded that their mons cooked and always toldthem what they were doing wrong to showtheir caring.I was stunned.So mon?s cooking and criticzing read out as “I love you ”.“Then how do you say ?I love you ?to her?”They agreed that getting good gradws,followed by god jobs would be how they showed their love.I come from a culture where most people are expressive enough,so I repeated these queries in classes over time.Gradually,I began to get different response.Some of them had exchanged those sentiments with their moms.One of my favorite stories of change came from a girl.When she came home from university,her mother met her at the door and hugged（擁抱）her.This had never happened before,but her mom said, “Now that you have gone I have more time to myself.I noticed that in some places mothers and children hug each other and I decided it was a good idea and that I would begin hugging you.”

In my family we all say “I love you”a lot.While it is true that we often say the words without having great depth of feelings at that moment,it is almost like a blessing we give each other.Those three little words carry a world of meaning ,even when said as a greeting,but most especially if they are the last words we say to or hear from those we love.52.The foreign teacher_______.A.comes from AmericaB.is a young woman

C.is expressive enoughD.knows much about China

53.Chinese people prefer to show love by________.A.saying “I love you”B.cooking

C.getting good gradesD.doing something helpful;

54.In paragraph 4,what?s the real meaning of the mom?s hugging?

A.She is meeting her daughter at the door.B.She loves her daughter and misses her.C.She is glad that she has more timeto herself

D.She finds it interesting to hug her daughter.55.What?s the main idea of the passage?

A.Say “I love you”more to your family.B.Say “I love you ”a lot to Chinese people.C.Say “I love you ”as a greeting to others.D.Say “I love you ”without great depth of feelings.Every year there is a Spring Festival in China.Usually it is in January or February.It is the most important festival in China.So before it comes，everyone has to prepare things.They buy pork，beef，chicken，fruits and many other things.And they often make a special kind of food—“dumplings”.It means “come together”.On the day before the festival，parents buy new clothes for their children.Children also buy presents for their parents.On the Spring Festival Eve（除夕），all the family members come back to their hometown.This is a happy moment.Some sing and dance，some play cards and others get the dinner ready.When they enjoy the meal，they give each other the best wishes for the coming year.They all have a good time.

26.Which is the most important festival in China?

A.The Mid-Autumn Festival.B.The Spring Festival. C.Children?sDay.

27.When is the Chinese Spring Festival usually celebrated?

A.In March or April.B.In May or June.C.In January or February.

A.ChickenB.DumplingC.Fish

29.What?s the meaning of the food “dumplings” for Chinese people in the Spring Festival?

A.Look up.B.Help yourself.C.Come together.

30.The family 

A.give each other the best wishes

B.buy each other presents

C.sing，dance and play cards

第四篇：小學(xué)英語閱讀理解教學(xué)之我見

小學(xué)英語閱讀理解教學(xué)之我見

摘要： 一線教師在新課程的指引下，一直在努力追求“有效、高效”的課堂，然而從我們的常態(tài)課來看，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩者相差很遠(yuǎn)。在文中，筆者從常態(tài)的小學(xué)英語閱讀教學(xué)以及各級以閱讀教學(xué)為主題的教研活動中發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀課教學(xué)在小學(xué)英語課程中的問題尤為突出。閱讀的各個方面都滲透著新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的要求，例如閱讀的選材和難度，詞匯要求，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)還有題目的設(shè)置等。然而就大多數(shù)的小學(xué)生的能力都比較低，無論是判斷能力，還是推理能力，亦或是總結(jié)能力。對于英語教師來說，怎樣有效地進行英語閱讀閱讀理解教學(xué)十分棘手。所以，分析小學(xué)生英語閱讀閱讀理解的現(xiàn)狀有利于提高學(xué)生的閱讀效率，還能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力。

關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀教學(xué) 自主感悟，閱讀理解

一、閱讀理解的涵義及其影響因素

可能影響到學(xué)生閱讀理解水平的因素：第一，學(xué)生的特征。它具體包括很多因素，總的來說有學(xué)生的動機和性別以及其知識水平，如背景知識、詞匯知識和元認(rèn)知知識。其中，個體的詞匯和元認(rèn)知知識會嚴(yán)重影響到學(xué)生的閱讀水平。第二，文本特征。在作者看來，一篇好文章除了要緊湊，還要連貫性好。因為緊湊性強和連貫性好的文章才可以真正激起學(xué)生的背景知識，有利于學(xué)生對文章進行理解。第三，社會背景。它具體包括學(xué)生進行閱讀時所處在的環(huán)境相關(guān)，例如社會和歷史背景，教室環(huán)境，教師對哲學(xué)的信仰還有學(xué)生的文化背景等都會在一定程度上影響到學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力。

二、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對閱讀理解的方法

（一）初步閱讀文本

課前的充分預(yù)習(xí)可以提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。因此，要努力培養(yǎng)課前預(yù)習(xí)的好習(xí)慣，進行初步感悟。筆者之所以能在長期的英語教學(xué)中堅持下來，其中一個好辦法就是堅持讓學(xué)生做好課前預(yù)習(xí)的準(zhǔn)備，規(guī)定學(xué)生備好自己的預(yù)習(xí)閱讀文本，在講新課之前預(yù)習(xí)好，記錄下與文本內(nèi)容相關(guān)的知識點、資料或者預(yù)習(xí)過程中的收獲和疑惑，這樣可以為講新課時的深入學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。同樣事實也證明了，在閱讀教學(xué)方面，如果學(xué)生在課前能夠做好充分的預(yù)習(xí)工作，對文本的內(nèi)容了解得比較透徹，那么他在課堂上就會表現(xiàn)得很活躍，附有很強的閱讀理解能力。

舉個例子來說，當(dāng)閱讀這樣一篇文章時：Excuse me.You are sitting in my seat.這是一個來源于生活中的小故事，主要講述的是，一個叫“金”的小男孩在第一次乘坐火車遠(yuǎn)行的時候，當(dāng)面臨被陌生人搶了座位時如何進行維權(quán)。全

文上下都以對話的形式表達，并且角色的變化以對白的轉(zhuǎn)換來表現(xiàn)出來。例如，從一開始“金”和他哥哥“林”離別時對話演變到火車上和陌生人之間的對話。

除了對話形式明顯以外，該閱讀材料的描述性文字比較多，筆者建議在學(xué)生之前，首先應(yīng)該先激活他們的背景知識，這樣可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生有目的地進行閱讀。其次，由于詞匯的分布比較分散，并且貫穿于全文之中，這樣要求教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生把對話文本處理成情景，這樣有助于學(xué)習(xí)詞匯，有利于提高學(xué)生對文本的理解能力。第三，基于該閱讀材料以對話形式來表達，因此學(xué)生對對話文本中的信息進行處理并且提煉出從中的問題，有利于學(xué)生總結(jié)出文章的主旨。第四，由于該閱讀材料的對話貫穿全文，所以學(xué)生要在理解主旨的同時，結(jié)構(gòu)文章的對話從而獲得細(xì)節(jié)性的信息。最后，該文本的描述性語言比較多對話比較多，于是學(xué)生要結(jié)合他們所學(xué)的詞匯和閱讀所得到的信息，反復(fù)鞏固，以此方式來處理文本并回歸文本，從而為以讀促寫做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。

（二）解讀文本的大意

對于論說性的段落，閱讀的時候應(yīng)該抓住段落的主題句。凡是論說性的文章，一般來說，一段會有一個中心思想，它貫穿了全段。關(guān)鍵是抓主題句。一般情況下，主題句都會出現(xiàn)在以下三個地方：第一，由于材料作者在段落開頭先用一句話概括了本段的內(nèi)容，于是主題句可能會出現(xiàn)在段落的開頭。第二，可能出現(xiàn)在具有畫龍點睛作用的段尾。第三，可能是能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段的處于段落中間的一句話。因此，在閱讀的過程中，應(yīng)該通過有效的途徑來增強尋找中心句的意識并提高其能力。

然而對于描繪性的段落，就需要用到形象思維。作者在描繪性段落之中主要是為了刻畫一個人物形象或描繪一個物體。閱讀敘述性段落的時候，就要把握敘述的要素。敘述性段落主要用于記載和述說人物的活動以及事件的經(jīng)過，清楚交代人物和事件的基本情況。于是，學(xué)生在閱讀的時候，就要把握好時間、地點、人物、時間和原因以及后果等要素，盡量把自己置身于不斷變化的生活場景之中。然而很多情況下，不是每一段都有其明確的主題句的，因此對于這種沒有主題句的段落，就需要學(xué)生自己來概括了。

針對文本描述性語言多對話多的特點，筆者著重對文本中暗含的信息進行了解讀，尋求事情發(fā)展的線索，總結(jié)出相關(guān)的問題，對學(xué)生的快速閱讀(fast reading)進行進一步的指導(dǎo)，從而有利于學(xué)生總結(jié)出文章的主旨。

Teacher：Before you have a fast reading, here are some questions for you.1.How old was Lin? 2.What was it like on the train? 3.Who has got the right ticket? 4.What was the young man like? 5.Who helped Lin? 6.What did the young man do in Lin’s seat do in the end? 這些問題的設(shè)計是在貫穿整個事件的基礎(chǔ)上進行的，因此，這些問題往往被稱為問題鏈。由于這些問題設(shè)置得難度適中，因此學(xué)生在進行快速閱讀的時候，可以很快找到需要的答案。當(dāng)把這些答案聯(lián)系起來，故事的情節(jié)就出來了，于是這樣的閱讀環(huán)節(jié)可以使得學(xué)生能夠成功獲得文章主旨。一般情況下，筆者在進行閱讀教學(xué)的過程中，都會學(xué)生的閱讀策略進行指導(dǎo)。比如指導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何在文章開頭找主旨或者如何在段落開頭找中心句等等。然而因為該文本的描述性語言多和對話多，因此，這把問題的設(shè)計顯得很有效。回答問題，有利于學(xué)生獲得小故事的基本要素，這些基本要素是故事發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)建了故事發(fā)展的框架。在筆者看來，問題鏈會始終貫穿于疏松的對話文本中，這樣使得學(xué)生不但關(guān)注閱讀文本的語言形式，由于問題間具有緊湊性，于是還能隨著問題間的相關(guān)性來完成整體的閱讀，從而不被文本的特點所影響閱讀的速度。

（三）評價激勵解讀文本

只有教學(xué)評價能起到作用，才能讓學(xué)生煥起自主感悟動力。每個學(xué)生都是個體，會存在差異的，例如，善于表現(xiàn)、勇于發(fā)表自己的觀點是外向型學(xué)生；而內(nèi)向型的學(xué)生雖然思維敏捷、解讀能力強，但往往會缺乏自信。因生活經(jīng)歷、閱讀方式、閱讀態(tài)度、閱讀情感的種種不同，這使學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力有著千差萬別，所以因材施教對教師是很重要的。要增強內(nèi)向?qū)W生的自信，在難度小的問題讓解讀能力差的學(xué)生回答，并及時給予積極的評價和正確的指導(dǎo)。而難度大的問題則交給解讀能力強的學(xué)生，并讓他們介紹自己解讀文本的方法。教師更需要鼓勵那些不善表達、性格內(nèi)向的學(xué)生，讓他們有更多發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的機會。在課堂上點燃智慧的引導(dǎo)、有價值的深入追問、充滿激情的鼓勵與評價是教師的使命，做到以上，能讓學(xué)生對文本的解讀走向準(zhǔn)確、深刻。

結(jié)論

在英語閱讀課中，只有對課堂的有效性進行徹底探索，以及真正落實在閱讀及閱讀教學(xué)過程，才能讓學(xué)生成為主導(dǎo)力，讓他們有足夠的課堂閱讀時間，指導(dǎo)他們走進文本。那如何才能學(xué)生利益更多？從老師的角度看，教師只有多視角解讀文本、全方位分析教材，才真正地給學(xué)生充足的時間回歸到文本之中才能充分提升學(xué)生的閱讀能力，實在收獲閱讀技巧和策略、語言水平、文化體驗，有效的閱讀課堂才能達成。

參考文獻

[1]《中國英語教學(xué)》（Teaching English in China）(簡稱TEIC)由外語教學(xué)與研究出版社和英國大使館文化教育處(Cultural and Education Section, British Embassy)聯(lián)合出版

[2]滕大春主編《外國教育通史》（第六卷），山東教育出版社，1994年版 [3]金含芬著《國外中小學(xué)教育》，中國科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1991年出版 [4]趙昌木：《美國教學(xué)方法改革的經(jīng)驗》，載《比較教育研究》，1994年第6期

[5]R.Pearden:Theory and Practice in Education.Routhedge kegan Paul Ple,London University,New york,1986

1984 [6]D.Walke and J.Soltis:Curriculum and Aims.TeachersCollege Columbia

第五篇：教學(xué)反思 - 英語閱讀理解（最終版）

英語閱讀教學(xué)反思

高中英語閱讀教學(xué)涉及到的不僅是閱讀能力的培養(yǎng),也牽動著學(xué)習(xí)者的注意力、觀察力、毅力及興趣、動機、情感等眾多心理素質(zhì)和思想道德、藝術(shù)審美等社會文化素質(zhì)。那么,在高中閱讀課的教學(xué)中應(yīng)如何調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主觀能動性,激發(fā)學(xué)生的主體意識,以達到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能力、提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)的目的呢?本文就高中英語教學(xué)如何調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主觀能動性,激發(fā)學(xué)生的主體意識,談幾點思考:

一、設(shè)計提問,激發(fā)學(xué)生的主體思維

問題設(shè)計是英語閱讀教學(xué)的重要手段,是幫助學(xué)生理解、鑒賞文章的切入點。教師設(shè)計問題,要遵循循序漸近的原則,要把問題建筑在學(xué)生的注意力和興趣之上,服務(wù)于全面提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)水平的目標(biāo)需要。高中英語課文大多篇幅較長。課文內(nèi)容參透了豐富的審美以及科學(xué)教育內(nèi)容。在這些兼顧知識性、趣味性、思想性的閱讀課教學(xué)中精心設(shè)計既有啟發(fā)性又能激起學(xué)生探討興趣的系列問題,可以啟迪學(xué)生動腦,激發(fā)學(xué)生思維,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。

例如在教故事類文章時,可以先對故事細(xì)節(jié)、實事等向?qū)W生進行由表及里的回答,最后提問推斷歸納性的問題．通過這樣的提問,推想出課文中沒有寫到但又與之關(guān)系密切的若干內(nèi)容,能使學(xué)生加深和拓寬對課文人物刻畫、主題表現(xiàn)的領(lǐng)悟,激起他們?nèi)ブ鲃铀伎己吞剿?。教師設(shè)計問題時,要緊扣教材,層層推進,要具有一定的思想梯度。在提問、解答的過程中,教師要啟發(fā)引導(dǎo),以激活學(xué)生的思維欲望,幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)知和理解。

二、授之以法,把學(xué)習(xí)的主動權(quán)交給學(xué)生

傳統(tǒng)的看法認(rèn)為教師的任務(wù)就是傳授知識,按韓愈說的就是“傳道授業(yè)解惑”,但是僅僅傳授知識是不夠的。要提高學(xué)生的素質(zhì),就要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力。因此英語閱讀教學(xué)中要突出“學(xué)”字,從讓學(xué)生“學(xué)會”轉(zhuǎn)到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“會學(xué)”,授之以法,把學(xué)習(xí)的主動權(quán)交給學(xué)生。陶行知先生也說這樣一句話:“我認(rèn)為好的先生不是教書,不是教學(xué)生;乃是教學(xué)生學(xué)?！睂W(xué)會怎樣學(xué)習(xí),對學(xué)生來說是至關(guān)重要的。學(xué)生只有掌握了科學(xué)有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法,接受新知識才能舉一反三,觸類旁通,更好地做到知識的遷移,并使學(xué)生受益終身。

1.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)真預(yù)習(xí)

高中閱讀課文長,難度大,抽象概念內(nèi)容多,形象思維內(nèi)容少,語法現(xiàn)象較復(fù)雜。因此,對學(xué)生來說,認(rèn)真預(yù)習(xí)是及其重要的。如果學(xué)生沒任何準(zhǔn)備走進課堂那么學(xué)習(xí)肯定是被動的,教師講解什么,學(xué)生就聽什么;教師演示什么,學(xué)生就看什么。這樣的學(xué)習(xí)有什么主動性呢?預(yù)習(xí)看起來是學(xué)生的事情,但教師精心指導(dǎo)是十分關(guān)鍵的。教師要教給學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)的方法,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)真預(yù)習(xí),并寫出自學(xué)筆記、提出自學(xué)中遇到的疑難問題。譬如安排學(xué)生針對有關(guān)問題做些準(zhǔn)備,要求學(xué)生課前利用工具書預(yù)習(xí)生詞。這樣,學(xué)生在預(yù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上進入課堂,學(xué)習(xí)就能由被動變主動,以前在課堂上是學(xué)生盲目地跟著老師跑,現(xiàn)在教師要適應(yīng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)與發(fā)展。

2.鼓勵學(xué)生踴躍參與

學(xué)生踴躍參與,最關(guān)鍵的是教師要充分尊重學(xué)生的人格,充分發(fā)揮教學(xué)民主,為此,教師要妥善引導(dǎo),要盡最大的努力最大限度地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生參與到探索知識的過程中去。為此,要做到:

(1)要營造良好的參與環(huán)境,寬松、和諧、融洽、平等的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。

(2)要留下足夠的參與時間和空間。教學(xué)不要“滿堂灌”,也不能“滿堂問”,學(xué)生能講的,要盡量讓學(xué)生講;學(xué)生能動的,要盡量讓學(xué)生動。

(3)要創(chuàng)造良好的參與條件,提供合適的參與機會,組織學(xué)生獨立思考與集體討論。在閱讀課的教學(xué)中,教師可讓學(xué)生互設(shè)情景,就他們感興趣的話題以小組為單位全班展開討論,以達到全員參與的目的。譬如在教學(xué)時,可以給學(xué)生這樣的話題讓他們各自表示不同的看法.這樣的討論可以把課堂教學(xué)推向高潮。在討論中,同學(xué)們暢所欲言,不僅活躍了課堂氣氛,同時也鍛煉了同學(xué)們的思維,為閱讀奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納理解

閱讀的目的就是要獲取書面信息。因而閱讀時不能逐字逐句地去分析語法,而是要快速完成樹材料的閱讀,抓住大意,再深層次地去理解內(nèi)容。在閱讀時教師可指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同題材、體裁的閱讀材料采取不同的歸納形式去歸納材料內(nèi)容,快速、準(zhǔn)確地獵取文章信息,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。由于閱讀材料題材與體裁的不同,因而在閱讀中還可以從不同角度用各種不同的歸納方式去歸納、理解材料內(nèi)容,如可以歸納動詞,顯示事件過程;歸納文章人物,突出重點人物等等,從而在閱讀實踐中不斷提高自己的閱讀理解能力。

三、增加語言實踐量,延伸英語閱讀空間

應(yīng)該說,高中每單元一篇閱讀課文所選的文章都是好文章,精品文章,他們內(nèi)容豐富,涉及面廣,課文中所反映的中外文化習(xí)俗、世界名人傳記,體育競技比賽、飲食衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣等等都喚起高中生的注意和興趣。但是,從培養(yǎng)閱讀能力的角度來看,僅限于課文的閱讀教學(xué)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。閱讀課的課堂教學(xué)內(nèi)容絕不能只停留在封閉的教室、狹窄的一本書里,而是要面對更廣闊的社會生活,以拓寬閱讀內(nèi)容視角,擺脫傳統(tǒng)的英語閱讀教材的束縛,以提高學(xué)生的能力素質(zhì)。做法之一:每周選擇三到五篇難易適中、兼顧知識性和趣味性的讀物,打印出來發(fā)給學(xué)生課后閱讀,并要求他們做相應(yīng)的閱讀理解題。做法之二:在高中開設(shè)英語作品選修班。首先從材料的選擇上下功夫,結(jié)合學(xué)生的興趣特點、接受能力和表達能力、廣泛開拓題材范圍,從新近出版的英文報刊、雜志上精選閱讀材料,也可采用一些有聲讀物和視聽讀物（VCD,MTV,Videotapes,etc）。這些材料的特點是題材多樣,內(nèi)容豐富,且能把握時代特色,能夠引起學(xué)生的興趣,激發(fā)他們學(xué)習(xí)的主動性。

四、英語閱讀教學(xué)應(yīng)滲透人格教育培養(yǎng)具有健全人格的人是當(dāng)前素質(zhì)教育的目標(biāo)之一。

高中英語閱讀教材是一套集思想性、科學(xué)性、趣味性與實用性于一體的好教材,具有很強的思想性。閱讀教學(xué)應(yīng)結(jié)合教學(xué)內(nèi)容,寓思想品德教育于英語閱讀教學(xué)中,提高學(xué)生的政治思想素質(zhì)。因此,教師要努力挖掘教材中的思想教育因素,以知識為載體,適時適度地滲透思想品德以及愛國主義教育。