第一篇：倒譯總結(jié)

“倒譯”筆記大整理

一般情況下，出現(xiàn)以下這幾種情況，文章會(huì)出現(xiàn)“倒譯”。

1、日文中出現(xiàn)表示動(dòng)作，行為等的歸著點(diǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)將歸著點(diǎn)后置。

例：西に傾きかかった太陽(yáng)は、この小丘の裾遠(yuǎn)く広がった有明の入江の上に、長(zhǎng)く曲折しつつはるか水平線の両端に消え入る白い砂丘の上に今は力なくその光りを投げていた。

最佳翻譯：西斜的太陽(yáng)無(wú)力地照射著在小山崗遠(yuǎn)處山嘴伸展開來(lái)的有明海海灣，照射著曲曲彎彎、隱隱約約地延伸在遠(yuǎn)處水平線上的白色沙丘。

說明：原文中紅色標(biāo)記處表明了“太陽(yáng)照射”的兩個(gè)中著點(diǎn)，而他們被同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，“無(wú)力的太陽(yáng)”所“照射”，所以此處，當(dāng)碰到中著點(diǎn)是，要進(jìn)行倒譯，將中著點(diǎn)放到最后。

2、中文中定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行“倒譯”，將中心詞作為主語(yǔ)，放在句首。

例：戦後僅か四十年ほどの間に、世界有數(shù)の経済大國(guó)に発展した日本。資源も資本も持たないアジアの小國(guó)日本が、戦後の困難を克服し、二度にわたる石油危機(jī)、さらには円高による経済危機(jī)をも乗り切り、世界経済における重要な 役割を果たすまでに発展できた原因は、果たして、何だったのであろうか。

最佳翻譯：日本在二戰(zhàn)后僅四十年間就發(fā)展成為世界上為數(shù)不多的經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)?？墒?，作為一個(gè)沒有資源，也沒有資本的亞洲小國(guó)家，日本能夠克服戰(zhàn)后困難，度過兩次石油危機(jī)，突破日元貶值所帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中重要角色轉(zhuǎn)變的原因究竟是什么呢？ 說明：“戦後僅か四十年ほどの間に”為一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾“発展した”，“ 世界有數(shù)の経済大國(guó)”為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，這些成分都共同修飾了最后的“日本”，由于前邊的狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)都太長(zhǎng)，所以，這種情況下，我們也會(huì)使用“倒譯”手法，使得句子不會(huì)那么的“頭重腳輕”。

3、中文中有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，且這些謂語(yǔ)存在“主”、“次”之分，可將“次”的部分的謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前，做其定語(yǔ)，而這樣就可更加著重后邊重要的部分。技巧：翻譯此類句子是，我們一般著重兩點(diǎn)：“句子的排列習(xí)慣”與“通篇文章的語(yǔ)境”。

個(gè)人記憶方法：Xは謂語(yǔ)1，2，3====謂語(yǔ)1，2 Xは謂語(yǔ)3（此處，謂語(yǔ)1，2為“次重點(diǎn)”，謂語(yǔ)3為“重點(diǎn)”，所以謂語(yǔ)1，2提前做定語(yǔ)。）

例：1929年我剛從美國(guó)留學(xué)回來(lái)，那時(shí)他還是北新書局的小職員，常來(lái)給我送稿費(fèi)。最佳翻譯：1929年,米國(guó)から帰國(guó)したばかりの時(shí)、北新本屋の平社員だった彼がよく私に原稿料を?qū)盲堡皮欷俊?/p>

說明：文中標(biāo)紅處為“彼”的；兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，而兩者分主次之后，則會(huì)有兩種方式進(jìn)行翻譯。譯文當(dāng)中突出了“彼”與作者的關(guān)系，從而“社員”一事則作為定語(yǔ)放在了主語(yǔ)前邊，突出后邊的“關(guān)系”。

4、當(dāng)中文中用人稱來(lái)修飾一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱不放在句首。

例：理論家們對(duì)電影藝術(shù)理論的認(rèn)識(shí)仍為舊藝術(shù)理論的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所禁錮著。

最佳翻譯：映畫蕓術(shù)理論に対する理論家たちの認(rèn)識(shí)は依然として古い蕓術(shù)理論の評(píng)価と標(biāo)準(zhǔn)を束縛されている。說明：“理論家們的認(rèn)識(shí)”，“對(duì)電影藝術(shù)理論的的認(rèn)識(shí)”，此處，“理論家”和“對(duì)電影藝術(shù)理論”都成了“認(rèn)識(shí)”的定語(yǔ)，此時(shí)，要記得，人稱代詞不放句首。

5、因運(yùn)用修辭手法而產(chǎn)生的“倒譯”。

例：七日夜半から八日未明にかけ、東京は激しいにわか雨に見舞われ、練馬や世田谷など周辺區(qū)ではごろごろと季節(jié)はずれの雷も鳴った。

最佳翻譯：7日夜至8日凌晨，東京地區(qū)遭遇特大暴雨，練馬、世田谷等周邊地區(qū)雷聲大作，仿佛搞錯(cuò)了天氣。

說明：“季節(jié)はずれの雷”運(yùn)用了修辭手法，夸張?bào)w現(xiàn)了雷聲之大，此處要進(jìn)行“倒譯”，這樣更符合中文的語(yǔ)序。

第二篇：倒樁總結(jié)

[倒樁總結(jié)]

1.舉右手示意倒樁開始；（如果前面一位考試人員沒有停好車子在離第1邊線1.5M位置以外，需要自行調(diào)整好車位后示意）；

2.上駕駛位，調(diào)整好座椅到合適位置，查看兩個(gè)反光鏡是否正常，左腳置于離合器，右腳置于油門邊；

3.熟悉檔位，輕踏離合器，掛后檔準(zhǔn)備倒車，確保車頭不觸碰第1邊線；

4.車行駛至一、四桿重合的時(shí)候立即向右打兩圈方向盤到底；

5.繼續(xù)行駛，頭向右后方傾斜查看后尾廂離第二桿差不多30CM時(shí)向左回一圈；

6.立即坐正，查看左反光鏡出現(xiàn)第四桿時(shí)向左回一圈，讓方向盤使前輪擺正，此時(shí)前后可以輕踏離合器半連動(dòng)或停車查看與庫(kù)邊距離判斷修正車身；

7.修正過程注意尾廂寬即方向盤向哪邊打，確保車身與庫(kù)邊距離為30CM左右；

8.車行駛至乙?guī)煳搽x四五桿約30CM時(shí)停車；（考試時(shí)停車約5秒）

9.移庫(kù)開始，向右打方向盤兩圈，掛前進(jìn)1檔，輕松離合器；

10.車行駛至左雨刷下黑點(diǎn)對(duì)正第一桿時(shí)迅速向左回四圈；

11.車行駛至第二桿在車身正中央時(shí)，向右回兩圈擺正前輪，置第二桿在車身中央，并且離二桿約30CM；

12.掛后退檔，向右打方向盤兩圈，松離合器后退，左雨刷黑點(diǎn)接近第三桿時(shí)，注意左前大燈不要駛出庫(kù)邊為準(zhǔn)，迅速向左回四圈；

13.車身后退擺正時(shí)迅速向右回兩圈，使前輪擺正，后退離第五桿約30CM停車；（到此為兩個(gè)“二四二”方向盤完成）

14.此時(shí)車身應(yīng)該大部分停在甲庫(kù)，根據(jù)停車位置決定下一個(gè)“一二一”方向盤的打法；

15.一般情況，向右打一圈方向盤（打多少以車頭不出甲庫(kù)庫(kù)邊為準(zhǔn)判斷），掛前進(jìn)1檔，輕松離合器；

16.車行駛至車頭離第二桿10-15CM時(shí)，向左回兩圈方向盤，車身擺正后，向右回一圈，擺正前輪，車行駛至第二桿約30CM時(shí)停車；

17.根據(jù)此時(shí)車身離庫(kù)中線距離判斷第二次后退的方向盤打法，掛后退檔松離合器，一般情況下向右打方向盤一圈，結(jié)果是使后輪完成進(jìn)入甲庫(kù)后立即向左回兩圈；

18.車身擺正后，向右回一圈方向盤，使得車身在甲正中央，即離庫(kù)中線約30CM時(shí)，將車后退至庫(kù)尾第六桿約30CM處；（考試時(shí)停車約5秒）

19.準(zhǔn)備從乙?guī)斐鰩?kù)到左方停車，即向左打一圈方向盤，掛前進(jìn)1檔松離合器，車行駛至左手母指、左車頭與第三桿三點(diǎn)一線的時(shí)候向右回一圈；

20.確保左右反光鏡不觸碰第三、二桿向左邊出庫(kù)；

21.從左窗探頭查看尾廂出來(lái)第三桿約30CM位置時(shí)，方向盤向左打兩圈繼續(xù)行駛，車身差不多擺正的時(shí)候，向右回兩圈停車；

22.準(zhǔn)備退回甲庫(kù)，掛后退檔松離合器，車行駛至左車窗、第三、六桿重合成一第直線的時(shí)候，向左打兩圈方向盤；

23.此時(shí)可以從左窗探頭查看尾廂與第二桿的距離，然后從右反光鏡查看，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)第一桿時(shí)立即向右回一圈，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)第六桿時(shí)回第二圈；

24.此時(shí)可以半連動(dòng)離合器或停車查看車身是否擺正順利退入甲庫(kù)，經(jīng)過修正車完全退入甲庫(kù)的時(shí)候即刻停車；（考試時(shí)停車約5秒）

25.準(zhǔn)備出甲庫(kù)到始發(fā)點(diǎn)，掛前進(jìn)1檔松離合器，右回頭查看尾廂還差30CM出庫(kù)時(shí)立即向右打兩圈方向盤，行駛到始發(fā)點(diǎn)；

26.確保車頭不觸碰第一邊線，離第一邊線約1.5M處停車，方便第下位學(xué)員考試，下車，整個(gè)倒樁過程順利完成；

第三篇：倒閘操作總結(jié)

倒閘操作總結(jié)

為了配合供電局外網(wǎng)檢修，我部于9月3日—9月7日進(jìn)行了三次倒閘操作。為保證倒閘操作的順利進(jìn)行，我部認(rèn)真組織學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)倒閘操作的一系列制度及操作規(guī)程，并總結(jié)了以往的操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為提高操作質(zhì)量，縮短操作時(shí)間提供了必要條件。

在此次倒閘操作過程中，每天的倒閘操作均有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人負(fù)責(zé)把關(guān)，對(duì)出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)問題，相關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都做了深入細(xì)致的分析，并且對(duì)每天的工作進(jìn)行總結(jié)，及時(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題。此次的倒閘工作在各部門員工的通力協(xié)作、相互支持下順利的完成。

通過此次倒閘操作任務(wù)，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了在工作中也存在的一些問題，比如缺乏部門間的協(xié)調(diào)與溝通，員工的職業(yè)技能有待加強(qiáng)等，我們會(huì)在接下來(lái)的時(shí)間里組織一些相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)，不斷提高自身的素質(zhì)，加強(qiáng)部門間的溝通，為日后的工作做好充分準(zhǔn)備。

第四篇：關(guān)于漢譯英的譯法總結(jié)

關(guān)于漢譯英的譯法總結(jié)

英譯漢與漢譯英有兩個(gè)重要的問題：增詞/減詞；詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。我們知道學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)翻譯首先要搞清英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言差異，這與中西方文化的差異有很大的關(guān)系，我們沒有太多時(shí)間去完全掌握西方的文化背景，在這里總結(jié)了一下在漢譯英時(shí)所 翻譯出來(lái)的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)具備的特點(diǎn)：

1、句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：廢話+主語(yǔ)+主要的話+廢話，所以在漢譯英時(shí)，當(dāng)多個(gè)分句進(jìn)行組合時(shí)需要找出主要矛盾，次要矛盾；

2、善用長(zhǎng)句，不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)。在進(jìn)行漢譯英是多為合譯，中文短句通過一定的介詞連詞進(jìn)行句子組合；

3、善用連詞，英語(yǔ)為形合式語(yǔ)言，句與句之間善用連詞連接，句子多為長(zhǎng)句；

4、善用名詞、形容詞。英文屬弱勢(shì)語(yǔ)言，善用弱勢(shì)動(dòng)詞，因此漢譯英的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于找出最重要的動(dòng)詞，將中文中的強(qiáng)勢(shì)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行弱勢(shì)動(dòng)詞的過渡，一個(gè)地道的英文句子中動(dòng)詞越少越好；

5、善用代詞。中文中善用名詞或者名詞省略，而英文中多用代詞指代；

6、常用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：“;:-”

7、評(píng)論性語(yǔ)句順序?yàn)橄仍u(píng)論再事實(shí)；

8、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)為先總后分；

9、善用表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，而中文善用賓語(yǔ)從句。如，我記得：the memory of….(表語(yǔ)從句)；what I remembered is that…(主語(yǔ)從句)漢譯英翻譯步驟：

1、斷句。中文句子較短，首先判斷哪些句子應(yīng)該放在一起翻譯。

2、找動(dòng)詞（核心謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）。判斷句子中哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞重要，哪個(gè)不重要。

3、找連詞（在多個(gè)分句同時(shí)存在時(shí)使用）；

4、翻譯；

5、重讀。

英文句式特點(diǎn)：

1．主謂搭配問題（平衡）

中文由于強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的某個(gè)成分主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)較短，而英文的主謂賓分配比較均勻，沒有固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。我們也稱中文為“非平衡性語(yǔ)言”，英文為“平衡性語(yǔ)言”。

如，中國(guó)的海洋資源十分豐富。譯為：China is rich in marine resource.而不是譯為：China’s marine resource are very rich.2．評(píng)論與事實(shí)（先評(píng)論后事實(shí)）翻譯時(shí)，英文是先評(píng)論后事實(shí)。

如，中國(guó)要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到糧食高產(chǎn)國(guó)家的水平難度較大。其中難度較大是評(píng)論，前面是事實(shí)。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)為：it will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain yield in the short period of time.如何找核心謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的層次性。如，我進(jìn)去看了。1找核心謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：進(jìn) 2找非謂語(yǔ)或從句：看 3介詞：去

4還有動(dòng)詞則不譯 翻譯為：I came in to have a look.如，我只記得門警是瑞士的兵士，穿著黃色的制服。1核心謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：記得 2非謂語(yǔ)或從句：是 3介詞：穿著

翻譯為：I remembered that the guards at the gate were swiss solder in yellow unionforms.如何判斷主次？

答：一般來(lái)說，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞更加重要，而后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不是那么重要，可以把前面的動(dòng)詞翻譯為核心謂語(yǔ)，后面的翻譯為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。我們把句子中最主要的動(dòng)詞作為句子的“核心謂語(yǔ)”，其次重要的是“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句”，再次重要的是“介詞”，最不重要的“不翻譯”。一．連詞的使用：

1、句與句沒關(guān)系用and

2、句與句并列用while。

二．動(dòng)詞的使用原則（動(dòng)詞的過渡）：

中文中的強(qiáng)勢(shì)動(dòng)詞在英文中常找一個(gè)弱勢(shì)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行過渡。如，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過渡。

我支持你：I give you a support.我買了一輛車：I made a purchase of a car.如，中國(guó)政府愿借此機(jī)會(huì)介紹中國(guó)海洋事業(yè)的發(fā)展?！敖榻B”的直接翻譯為“introduce”,而我們?cè)诜g時(shí)，翻譯為“make an introduction of”,用弱勢(shì)動(dòng)詞“make”來(lái)過渡，把強(qiáng)勢(shì)動(dòng)詞introduce變成了抽象名詞。三．代詞/物主代詞： 中文善用省略代詞，而英文的每個(gè)名詞前都需要有代詞或冠詞，所以漢譯英時(shí)一定不要忘記名詞前代詞的存在。如，出口產(chǎn)品可由合營(yíng)企業(yè)直接或與其有關(guān)的委托機(jī)構(gòu)向國(guó)外市場(chǎng)出售，也可通過中國(guó)的外資機(jī)構(gòu)出售。譯為：An equity joint venture sells its foreign products to foreign markets directly through associated agency or foreign trade agency of China.其its不要忘記。四．定語(yǔ)的處理原則：

中文中幾乎所有定語(yǔ)都是前置的，只有一種是后置的是由“之”引起的定語(yǔ)后置。英語(yǔ)句式：

1、詞+詞的情況下，前置多，后置少。后置的情況有：

1形容詞+不定代詞：something important；

2過去分詞作定語(yǔ)可以后置：a children adopted； 3以“a”開頭的形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置：a cat alive。

2、詞組或句子修飾詞時(shí)后置。五．譯人名、代詞原則

1、譯英文姓與名之間要有.2、英文名出現(xiàn)第一次譯全稱，第二次只譯姓。

3、總體來(lái)說，一般先使用全稱，第二次使用半稱，第三次使用代詞，第四次不譯，第五次用全稱。

六．專有名詞：

筆譯中即使有專有名詞，我們也要用全稱，而不是縮寫。如，聯(lián)合國(guó)，the United Nations.中國(guó)政府，the Chinese Government.七．古文的翻譯

古文的翻譯不可直接使用中文拼音，要用解釋的方法來(lái)闡述。如，親仁善鄰，國(guó)之寶也。意思是熱愛自己的人民和對(duì)待自己的鄰居很好，這些對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)說是非常珍貴的。所以翻譯為：loving people and treating neighbors kindly are most valuable to a country.方法： 一．定主語(yǔ)

1、中文主語(yǔ)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)偏正短語(yǔ)，則取偏作主語(yǔ)。如，合營(yíng)企業(yè)的形式為有限責(zé)任公司。

An equity joint venture takes the forms of a limited liability company.而如果譯為：the form of an equity joint venture is a limited liability company.則主賓過長(zhǎng)而謂語(yǔ)過短。

漢譯英時(shí)，將中文的句子變成“中文的英文句式”，然后字對(duì)字翻譯。如，合營(yíng)企業(yè)的資本如果轉(zhuǎn)讓必須經(jīng)過各方同意。

轉(zhuǎn)變成：如果合營(yíng)者轉(zhuǎn)讓注冊(cè)資本，那么這件事情必須經(jīng)過合營(yíng)各方同意。

譯為：if one side wishes to assign its registered capital, it must obtain the consent of each party to the venture.wishes to 是動(dòng)詞的過渡。

如，合營(yíng)企業(yè)的有關(guān)外匯事宜應(yīng)遵照中華人民共和國(guó)外匯管理?xiàng)l例辦理。譯為：…h(huán)olds its foregin exchange transactions, according to …

如，合營(yíng)企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)應(yīng)遵守中華人民共和國(guó)法律法令和條例的規(guī)定。

譯為：an equity joint venture engages in all activities according to the provisions of laws, decrees and pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.2、無(wú)主語(yǔ)句用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（或增主語(yǔ)）/隱形被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如，鼓勵(lì)合營(yíng)企業(yè)向中國(guó)境外銷售產(chǎn)品（離動(dòng)詞最近的名詞作主語(yǔ)）譯為：…is encouraged to sell its products outside China.如，19981年時(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)確定的國(guó)際海洋年。是。。確定的，即為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如。。，但是經(jīng)過努力是完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。是。。可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。屬于隱形被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。譯為：but the goal can be achieved through earnest efforts.3、尋找隱藏主語(yǔ)。

如，合營(yíng)企業(yè)的總經(jīng)理副總經(jīng)理（的職務(wù)）分別由合營(yíng)各方分別擔(dān)任：the positions of …are assumed by …

找主語(yǔ)方法：由謂語(yǔ)來(lái)決定主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)。

4、句首主語(yǔ)過多。

句首如果出現(xiàn)很多名詞而判斷不出主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷主語(yǔ)。

如，合營(yíng)各方發(fā)生糾紛，董事會(huì)不能解決時(shí)，由中國(guó)的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)解或仲裁，也可由合營(yíng)各方協(xié)議在其他仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)仲裁。由“調(diào)解或仲裁”以及“仲裁”可知主語(yǔ)為“糾紛”。

譯為：Disputes arising from each party to the venture, which board of directors cannot settle may be settled through arbitration or conciliation by China’s arbitration agency or through arbitration by another arbitration agency agreed upon by each party to the venture.本句將“合營(yíng)各方發(fā)生的”譯為現(xiàn)在分詞。將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“董事會(huì)不能解決時(shí)”譯為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句?！罢{(diào)節(jié)和仲裁”進(jìn)行了動(dòng)詞的過渡，譯為“may be settled through arbitration or conciliation”.5、就近原則（把離動(dòng)詞最近的作為主語(yǔ)）

如，鼓勵(lì)合營(yíng)企業(yè)向中國(guó)境外銷售產(chǎn)品。譯為：An equity joint venture is encouraged to sell its products outside China.將合營(yíng)企業(yè)作為主語(yǔ)。如，鼓勵(lì)外國(guó)合營(yíng)者將可匯出的外匯存入中國(guó)銀行。譯為：A foreign side is encouraged to deposit its foreign exchange which was entitled to remit abroad in Bank of China.其中將外國(guó)合營(yíng)者作為主語(yǔ)?！翱蓞R出的”譯為定語(yǔ)從句。二．增詞與減詞（一般來(lái)說漢譯英常減詞）1增減對(duì)象詞或范圍詞。

如，我國(guó)先秦思想家：our Chinese thinkers in Pre-Qin days about 2000 years ago.2增減范疇詞。如，中國(guó)陸地自然資源人均占有量低于世界平均水平：China’s land resources percapita is lower than world average.將范疇詞“水平”減掉。

如，我有五百元錢。譯為：I have five hundred yuan.如，在播種面積相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的前提下。譯為：given the relatively stable sowing area.范疇詞“前提”不譯。

附六個(gè)經(jīng)典范疇詞：方式、方法、水平、問題、情況、途徑。3增減動(dòng)詞。

三．本位詞與外位語(yǔ)的譯法

1、用…, which…

2、用the fact that…was…。。這一切。。：前面省略部分為外位語(yǔ)，后面省略部分為本位詞，中間用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯。

四．條件狀語(yǔ)從句

句子長(zhǎng)可以放在句末翻譯。

如，只要1996年到2010年糧食單產(chǎn)年均遞增1%，2011年到2030年年均遞增0.7%，就可以達(dá)到預(yù)期的糧食總產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)。譯為：the predicted total output target of grain can be reached, if the annual average increase rate of per unit area yield of grain is 1% from 1996 to 2010 and 0.7% from 2011 to 2030.五．倍數(shù)表達(dá)法

倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象

第五篇：視譯材料

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity

On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

Last week China released economic data for 2013, which shows GDP grew by 7.7 per cent, a mid-to-high growth rate in global terms.More than 13 million new urban jobs were created, more than in any previous year.Total imports approached $US2 trillion.Overseas direct investment by Chinese enterprises exceeded $US90 billion.Given the lingering international financial crisis, the unrecovered world economy and China‘s effort of economic restructuring, such a ―score report‖ is a hard-won achievement.Moreover, with uncertainties in the global economy and unusual sensitivities of the international market to macro-policy developments in major economies, China‘s stable fiscal and monetary policies as well as reasonable liquidity have sent a clear signal of stability to international market expectations.This is an act of responsibility by China in the interest of the world economy.The figures also mean an upgrading of China‘s economic growth and show that huge opportunities may arise for the global and the Australian economy.China‘s service sector accounted for 46.1 per cent of the country‘s GDP in 2013, up from 44.6 per cent in 2012, outperforming the industrial sector for the first time.The service sector has become a new growth engine, setting economic growth on a healthier, long-term trajectory.China-Australia co-operation in the service sector is moving forward fast.China has been Australia‘s largest export market for service products for three years in a row.Our two-way trade in services reached $8.5 billion and Australia exported $6.7 billion worth of service products to China in 2012-2013.China is Australia‘s largest source of international students, second-largest source of inbound tourists as well as the fastest-growing inbound tourism market.Far-sighted Australian enterprises have been capitalising on opportunities provided by the new momentum.ANZ won approval for a sub-branch in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone last November.Andrew Whitford, Westpac‘s head of Greater China, said Australian companies should establish themselves in the new zone as there are ―enormous opportunities‖.In 2013, the GDP of central and western parts of China was 44 per cent of China‘s total, up by 0.2 per cent on the previous year.The per capita net income of rural residents grew by 9.3 per cent in real terms, 2.3 per cent higher than that of urban residents.The income gap between urban and rural residents shrank from 3.10 in 2012 to 3.03.This trend for four consecutive years is a sign that regional development disparity has been easing, unleashing huge market potential for the vast hinterland areas.Australian enterprises have been increasingly active in the development of central and western China, which will help Australia gain a head start in China‘s economic restructuring.Despite a softening of its economy, with 2013 growth the same as 2012, China still has robust demand for Australian energy and resources.China‘s economic aggregate is now on a much larger base than before, with a GDP of US$9.18 trillion, the second largest economy for four years running.A larger, better-quality and more stable Chinese economy will bring even more opportunities to the world.The urbanisation rate rose by 1.16 per cent to 53.73 per cent in 2013 which shows China still has a large demand for infrastructure building.China‘s outbound trade and investment will continue to expand with outbound investment expected to reach $US500 billion over five years.This is good news to Australian businesses in energy, resources and agriculture.This year is going to be vital to world economic recovery.It will also be an important year for upgrading China-Australia economic ties.Both nations should work together to seize new opportunities and fully tap co-operation potential.澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的新機(jī)遇

2014年1月31日，中國(guó)駐澳大利亞大使馬朝旭在當(dāng)?shù)刂髁髅襟w《澳大利亞金融評(píng)論報(bào)》發(fā)表題為《澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的新機(jī)遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

上周中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2013年中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）增長(zhǎng)了7.7%。這個(gè)數(shù)字從全球范圍看，保持了中高速增長(zhǎng)。全年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)人數(shù)超過1300萬(wàn)，是歷年最多的。去年中國(guó)進(jìn)口額接近2萬(wàn)億美元，中國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)外直接投資也超過了900億美元。這一成績(jī)來(lái)之不易，是在國(guó)際金融危機(jī)余波未平、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)尚待復(fù)蘇和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的背景下產(chǎn)生的。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定因素較多、國(guó)際市場(chǎng)對(duì)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體宏觀政策動(dòng)向異常敏感的情況下，中國(guó)穩(wěn)定財(cái)政、貨幣政策，保持合理的流動(dòng)性，向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)發(fā)出了明確的穩(wěn)定預(yù)期的信號(hào)，這也是中國(guó)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的負(fù)責(zé)任之舉。

新公布的數(shù)據(jù)也釋放出中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，以及這種轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)世界和澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)巨大機(jī)遇的積極信息。根據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)占中國(guó)GDP比重從2012年的44.6%上升為2013年46.1%，首次超過以工業(yè)、采礦業(yè)、建筑業(yè)為代表的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)。中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)已由過去依靠制造業(yè)的“單輪驅(qū)動(dòng)”發(fā)展到如今制造業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)雙增長(zhǎng)的“雙輪驅(qū)動(dòng)”，服務(wù)業(yè)正成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)健康發(fā)展與優(yōu)化升級(jí)的新引擎和新動(dòng)力。中澳服務(wù)業(yè)合作正處于快速發(fā)展時(shí)期。中國(guó)已連續(xù)3年成為澳最大的服務(wù)產(chǎn)品出口市場(chǎng)。2012-2013財(cái)年雙邊服務(wù)貿(mào)易近85.3億澳元，其中，澳對(duì)華出口66.6億澳元。中國(guó)已成為澳大利亞最大的留學(xué)生來(lái)源國(guó)、第二大海外游客來(lái)源國(guó)，也是增長(zhǎng)最快的旅客市場(chǎng)。一些有戰(zhàn)略眼光的澳大利亞企業(yè)已經(jīng)敏銳捕捉到了商機(jī)。澳新銀行在去年11月正式登陸上海自貿(mào)區(qū)。西太銀行（Westpac）大中華區(qū)總裁魏安德（Andrew Whitford）認(rèn)為，澳洲企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮將進(jìn)駐上海新自貿(mào)區(qū)作為與中國(guó)投資者產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的一種方式。

2013年，中國(guó)中西部地區(qū)GDP總量占全國(guó)的44.4%，比2012年提高0.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。中國(guó)農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.3%，比城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增速高2.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，增速連續(xù)四年快于城鎮(zhèn)，城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入倍差由上年的3.10縮小為3.03。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明長(zhǎng)期困擾中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的城鄉(xiāng)失衡、區(qū)域失衡問題正得到逐步緩解，中國(guó)龐大的中西部和農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)潛力正不斷釋放。我們看到，澳企業(yè)正日益積極地參與到中國(guó)西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展中來(lái)。我相信這將幫助澳在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型中占得先機(jī)。

中國(guó)對(duì)澳能源資源等需求依然強(qiáng)勁穩(wěn)健。盡管2013年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速與2012年持平，較過去有所下降，但總體增量卻比以前要大得多。中國(guó)GDP總量已經(jīng)達(dá)到9.18萬(wàn)億美元，連續(xù)4年成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。一個(gè)總量更大、增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量更高、增長(zhǎng)速度更穩(wěn)的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將為世界、為澳大利亞帶來(lái)更多機(jī)遇。2013年，中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化率同比提高1.16%，達(dá)53.73%，并有望在未來(lái)十年保持年均1.2%的提升速度。中國(guó)仍需進(jìn)行大量的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。同時(shí)，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易與投資不斷擴(kuò)大，未來(lái)五年，中國(guó)對(duì)外投資規(guī)模將達(dá)到5000億美元。這對(duì)于澳能源資源的開發(fā)與出口、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的開拓等，無(wú)疑都是好消息。

2014年是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)走向復(fù)蘇的重要年份，也是中澳經(jīng)貿(mào)合作升級(jí)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵一年。中澳雙方應(yīng)該攜手努力，發(fā)掘合作潛力，為兩國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更多實(shí)實(shí)在在的利益。

Secretary-General’s Message Calling for the Observance of the Olympic Truce for the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russian Federation, 7-23 February & 7-16

March 2014

New York, 31 January 2014

On the eve of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, I join the International Olympic Committee in calling on all those engaged in armed hostilities around the world to lay down their weapons and observe the Olympic Truce.The participants in the Sochi Games may carry the flags of many nations, but they come together under the shared banner of equality, fair play, mutual respect and non-discrimination.I encourage all those involved in the games—Governments, groups, organizations and individuals—to uphold and defend these core Olympic ideals.In calling for this year‘s Truce, my thoughts are with the people of Syria, the Central African Republic, South Sudan and all others suffering from senseless violence, including the families who lost loved ones in the recent bombings that took place in Volgograd, not far from Sochi.I call on all combatants everywhere to respect the Olympic Truce, which has been adopted by all 193 United Nations Member States.Overcoming conflict is a constant struggle—but we must persist in doing our utmost to win adherence to it.The Olympic Truce is rooted in the hope that if people and nations can put aside their differences for one day, they can build on that to establish more lasting cease-fires and find paths towards durable peace, prosperity and human rights.For these next few weeks, may the torch of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi remind us what is possible when nations unite.呼吁在冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)期間遵守奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)致辭

2014年2月7日至23日和3月7日至16日在俄羅斯聯(lián)邦索契舉行

在索契冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)前夕，我和國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)一道，呼吁世界各地武裝敵對(duì)行動(dòng)的參與方放下武器，遵守奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)。

世界各國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員和工作人員，高舉平等、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、相互尊重和互不歧視的旗幟，前來(lái)索契參加冬奧會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)。我鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)政府、團(tuán)體、組織和個(gè)人等參加冬運(yùn)會(huì)的各個(gè)方面，堅(jiān)持并捍衛(wèi)奧林匹克的核心理想。

在今年發(fā)出奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)呼吁之際，我想到了敘利亞、中非共和國(guó)、南蘇丹三國(guó)人民，想到了其他所有遭受無(wú)謂暴力的人民和家庭，想到了最近在伏爾加格勒爆炸襲擊中失去親人的家庭。

聯(lián)合國(guó)193個(gè)會(huì)員國(guó)通過了奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)專項(xiàng)決議，我呼吁世界各地的所有戰(zhàn)斗人員尊重奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)。消除沖突固然無(wú)法一蹴而就，但是我們必須竭盡全力遵守奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)。

奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)的理念深深扎根于世界人民的希望之中，即如果各族人民和各個(gè)國(guó)家能夠克服分歧，哪怕只有一天的時(shí)間，也能夠建立起更加持久的奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)，并找到實(shí)現(xiàn)持久和平、繁榮和人權(quán)的道路。我希望索契冬奧會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)的火炬，在未來(lái)數(shù)周的時(shí)間里時(shí)刻提醒我們，如果世界各國(guó)能夠齊心協(xié)力，那么世界上的任何挑戰(zhàn)都是可以戰(zhàn)勝的。

Statement by Secretary Kerry on 2014 Lunar New Year

January 31, 2014

On behalf of President Obama and the American people, I am delighted to extend best wishes to the many people around the world who celebrate the arrival of the Lunar New Year on January 31.In this festive time, we should all take a moment to pause and reflect on the shared humanity that ties us together – not just here in America, but around the world.As a Pacific nation, the United States is deeply committed to strengthening our partnerships throughout the Asia-Pacific.That‘s why President Obama recently announced the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative.That‘s why we‘re investing in the Fulbright Program.And that‘s why we‘re deepening our economic cooperation, improving regional security, and advancing mutual understanding across cultures, faiths, and nations.As millions around the world welcome the Year of the Horse, the United States sends heartfelt wishes for good health and prosperity.May the New Year bring ever greater cooperation in pursuit of our common goals.國(guó)務(wù)卿約翰·克里（John Kerry）2014陰歷新年聲明

2014年1月31日

我很高興代表歐巴馬總統(tǒng)和美國(guó)人民向世界各地在1月31日慶祝陰歷新年的眾多人民表示最良好的祝愿。

在節(jié)日到來(lái)之際，我們應(yīng)該利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)思考把我們聯(lián)系在一起的共同人性—不僅在美國(guó)，而且在全世界。

作為一個(gè)太平洋國(guó)家，美國(guó)高度承諾加強(qiáng)我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)亞太地區(qū)的伙伴關(guān)系。正是因?yàn)槿绱耍瑲W巴馬總統(tǒng)不久前宣布了“東南亞青年領(lǐng)袖行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”（Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative）。正是因?yàn)槿绱?，我們正為富布賴特?xiàng)目（Fulbright Program）投入資源。正是因?yàn)槿绱?，我們正在深化我們的?jīng)濟(jì)合作，加強(qiáng)地區(qū)安全，促進(jìn)與各種文化、信仰和國(guó)家的相互理解。

值此全世界各地千百萬(wàn)人迎來(lái)馬年（Year of the Horse）之際，美國(guó)衷心祝愿諸位身體健康，興旺發(fā)達(dá)。愿新的一年為我們實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)促成更大程度的合作。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital

Mutilation February 2014

As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I hold high the banner of empowering women and girls, promoting their health and defending their rights.The International Day of Zero-Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation is an opportunity to confront this persistent problem – and to find hope in initiatives proving that it can end.We should strive to preserve the best in any culture, and leave harm behind.There is no developmental, religious or health reason to cut or mutilate any girl or woman.Although some would argue that this is a ?tradition,‘ we must recall that slavery, socalled honour killings and other inhumane practices have been defended with the same weak argument.Just because a harmful practice has long existed does not justify its continuation.All ?traditions‘ that demean, dehumanize and injure are human rights violations that must be actively opposed until they are ended.FGM causes grave harm to individuals.The immediate and long-term health consequences include constant pain, infections, incontinence and sometimes deadly complications in pregnancy and childbirth.The practice is declining in almost all countries but it is still frighteningly widespread.Although firm statistics are difficult to obtain, it is estimated that more than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where FGM is most prevalent and data exist.If current trends continue, some 86 million young girls worldwide are likely to experience some form of the practice by 2030.Asia, Europe, North America and other regions are not spared and must be equally vigilant in addressing the problem.Fortunately there are positive signs of progress in our global push to end this harmful practice.Girls themselves instinctively understand the dangers of being cut, and many mothers who have seen or experienced the trauma want to shield their daughters from suffering.It is encouraging that an increasing number of communities are coming together and agreeing publically to end FGM and ensure a better life for their girls.Recently, Uganda, Kenya and Guinea-Bissau adopted laws to end FGM.In Ethiopia, those responsible have been arrested, tried and penalized, with full media coverage further raising public awareness.The United Nations and our partners are engaged in valuable, culturally sensitive activities that aim to stop FGM without scolding or shame.In Sudan, we are seeing social change from a campaign called ―Saleema,‖ the Arabic word that implies complete, intact, whole and untouched.One father moved by the effort who decided to leave his daughters uncut explained simply, ―A girl is born Saleema, so leave her Saleema.‖ Hundreds of communities have embraced this initiative, expressing their support through songs, poetry and clothes in the campaign‘s trademark bright colours.Other countries are emulating Saleema or coming up with solutions tailored to their local needs, such as Kenya, where Meru community elders have prohibited FGM and vow to impose a fine on anyone who conducts or abets the practice

In addition to prevention, the United Nations is working with partners to help those who have been affected by FGM.Pioneering medical advances now allow doctors to repair women‘s bodies and restore their health.I recall the words of one physician working in Burkina Faso who described ―the relief that overwhelms women‖ following the surgery, which she said is 100 per cent effective.The many women who lack the resources needed to travel to the right facilities and the programmes that offer proper treatment deserve generous support.The General Assembly‘s landmark resolution proclaiming this commemorative Day was sponsored by every country in Africa and embraced by the entire membership of the United Nations.This breakthrough shows the great value of the United Nations in rising as one to defend universal human rights.Now our challenge is to give real meaning to this Day by using it to generate public support, trigger legal and practical advances, and help girls and women at risk of or affected by FGM.The effect on individuals will be profound, sparing them pain and spurring their success.The benefits will reverberate across society as these girls and women thrive and contribute to a better future for all.殘割女性生殖器零容忍國(guó)際日致辭

2014年2月6日

“保存文化精華，揚(yáng)棄有害做法”

我作為聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)，要大張旗鼓地增強(qiáng)婦女和女童的權(quán)能，推動(dòng)維護(hù)她們的健康，捍衛(wèi)她們的權(quán)利。殘割女性生殖器零容忍國(guó)際日為我們提供了機(jī)會(huì)，來(lái)正視這個(gè)長(zhǎng)期問題，通過各種證明可以解決問題的舉措來(lái)找到希望。

我們應(yīng)努力保存文化精華，揚(yáng)棄有害做法。

無(wú)論殘割任何女童或婦女，都沒有任何成長(zhǎng)、宗教或健康方面的理由。雖然有些人爭(zhēng)辯說，這是一個(gè)“傳統(tǒng)”，但我們必須提醒人們，這個(gè)蒼白無(wú)力的理由也同樣被用來(lái)為蓄奴、所謂名譽(yù)殺人和其他不人道做法辯解。不能僅僅因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)有害的做法存在多年，就以此為理由把它繼續(xù)下去。所有侮辱人格、把人不當(dāng)人和傷害人的“傳統(tǒng)”都是侵犯人權(quán)，必須積極予以反對(duì)，直至將其杜絕。

殘割女性生殖器的行為給個(gè)人造成嚴(yán)重傷害。立即出現(xiàn)和長(zhǎng)期的健康后果包括持續(xù)疼痛、感染、失禁，有時(shí)還會(huì)在懷孕和分娩期間導(dǎo)致致命的并發(fā)癥。

這個(gè)做法正在幾乎所有國(guó)家逐漸減少，但仍令人非常不安地普遍存在。雖然難以獲得確鑿的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，但據(jù)估計(jì)，在盛行殘割女性生殖器而且可以得到數(shù)據(jù)的29個(gè)非洲和中東國(guó)家，當(dāng)今生活著1.25億以上受過殘割的女童和婦女。如果當(dāng)前的趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)下去，到2030年，世界各地很可能又有大約8 600萬(wàn)年幼的女童遭受某種形式的殘割。亞洲、歐洲、北美和其他地區(qū)也未幸免，必須同樣保持警惕，解決這個(gè)問題。

幸運(yùn)的是，我們?yōu)橥苿?dòng)結(jié)束這個(gè)有害做法而開展的全球努力出現(xiàn)了積極的進(jìn)展跡象。女童們自己本能地懂得殘割的危險(xiǎn)，很多曾親眼目睹或親身遭受這種殘害的母親也希望保護(hù)自己的女兒，使其免于苦難。我們感到鼓舞地看到，正有越來(lái)越多的社區(qū)齊心協(xié)力，公開同意結(jié)束殘割女性生殖器的做法，確保本社區(qū)的女童享有更美好的人生。

最近，烏干達(dá)、肯尼亞和幾內(nèi)亞比紹通過了法律，結(jié)束殘割女性生殖器的做法。在埃塞俄比亞，那些應(yīng)承擔(dān)罪責(zé)的人受到逮捕、審判和懲罰，而且媒體做了全面報(bào)道，以提高公眾的認(rèn)識(shí)。

聯(lián)合國(guó)和我們的合作伙伴們正在開展意義重大和注意文化特點(diǎn)的活動(dòng)，爭(zhēng)取不橫加指責(zé)或羞辱地制止殘割女性生殖器的做法。

在蘇丹，稱為“沙利瑪”的宣傳運(yùn)動(dòng)正帶來(lái)社會(huì)變化，阿拉伯語(yǔ)的這個(gè)詞意味著完整無(wú)缺、完美如初。有一個(gè)父親為這項(xiàng)努力所感動(dòng)，決定不讓自己的女兒受到殘割，他的解釋很簡(jiǎn)單：“女孩生下來(lái)是完美的，應(yīng)該讓她永遠(yuǎn)完美”。成百上千的社區(qū)接受了這個(gè)倡議，譜寫歌曲和詩(shī)歌，并用在這次宣傳運(yùn)動(dòng)中作為標(biāo)志的鮮艷色彩做成衣服，來(lái)表示支持。其他一些國(guó)家效仿了沙利瑪運(yùn)動(dòng)的辦法，或是想出了適合本地情況的解決辦法。例如，在肯尼亞，梅魯社區(qū)的長(zhǎng)老們已經(jīng)禁止殘割女性生殖器，并誓言對(duì)任何施行這個(gè)做法的人或教唆者處以罰款。

除了預(yù)防之外，聯(lián)合國(guó)正與合作伙伴們一道努力，幫助那些受害于殘割女性生殖器做法的人?，F(xiàn)在，醫(yī)學(xué)的開拓性進(jìn)展使得醫(yī)生們能夠修復(fù)女性的身體，恢復(fù)她們的健康。一個(gè)在布基納法索工作的醫(yī)生曾形容，婦女們?cè)诮?jīng)過手術(shù)之后如何“因痛苦的解除而激動(dòng)不已”。她說，這一手術(shù)達(dá)到100%見效。很多缺乏必要資源，無(wú)法前往正確的設(shè)施和方案接受適當(dāng)治療的婦女應(yīng)該得到慷慨資助。

宣布這一紀(jì)念日的重要大會(huì)決議的提案國(guó)包括了每一個(gè)非洲國(guó)家，決議得到聯(lián)合國(guó)全體會(huì)員國(guó)的支持。這一突破顯示了聯(lián)合國(guó)通過一體行動(dòng)，捍衛(wèi)世界人權(quán)所產(chǎn)生的巨大作用。我們現(xiàn)在面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)是使這個(gè)紀(jì)念日實(shí)際收效，為此利用這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)來(lái)爭(zhēng)取全體公眾支持，促成法律和實(shí)踐方面的進(jìn)步，并幫助那些有可能或已經(jīng)受害于殘割女性生殖器做法的女童和婦女。

這將使個(gè)人受到深刻的影響，讓她們免于痛苦，促使她們?nèi)〉贸晒?。隨著這些女童和婦女茁壯成長(zhǎng)，為所有人的更美好未來(lái)做出貢獻(xiàn)，整個(gè)社會(huì)都將受益。

China is Australia’s Land of Opportunity On January 31, 2014, the Chinese ambassador to Australia MA Zhaoxu published in The Australian Financial Review a signed article with the title of ―China is Australia‘s land of opportunity‖.The full text is as follows:

Last week China released economic data for 2013, which shows GDP grew by 7.7 per cent, a mid-to-high growth rate in global terms.More than 13 million new urban jobs were created, more than in any previous year.Total imports approached $US2 trillion.Overseas direct investment by Chinese enterprises exceeded $US90 billion.Given the lingering international financial crisis, the unrecovered world economy and China‘s effort of economic restructuring, such a ―score report‖ is a hard-won achievement.Moreover, with uncertainties in the global economy and unusual sensitivities of the international market to macro-policy developments in major economies, China‘s stable fiscal and monetary policies as well as reasonable liquidity have sent a clear signal of stability to international market expectations.This is an act of responsibility by China in the interest of the world economy.The figures also mean an upgrading of China‘s economic growth and show that huge opportunities may arise for the global and the Australian economy.China‘s service sector accounted for 46.1 per cent of the country‘s GDP in 2013, up from 44.6 per cent in 2012, outperforming the industrial sector for the first time.The service sector has become a new growth engine, setting economic growth on a healthier, long-term trajectory.China-Australia co-operation in the service sector is moving forward fast.China has been Australia‘s largest export market for service products for three years in a row.Our two-way trade in services reached $8.5 billion and Australia exported $6.7 billion worth of service products to China in 2012-2013.China is Australia‘s largest source of international students, second-largest source of inbound tourists as well as the fastest-growing inbound tourism market.Far-sighted Australian enterprises have been capitalising on opportunities provided by the new momentum.ANZ won approval for a sub-branch in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone last November.Andrew Whitford, Westpac‘s head of Greater China, said Australian companies should establish themselves in the new zone as there are ―enormous opportunities‖.In 2013, the GDP of central and western parts of China was 44 per cent of China‘s total, up by 0.2 per cent on the previous year.The per capita net income of rural residents grew by 9.3 per cent in real terms, 2.3 per cent higher than that of urban residents.The income gap between urban and rural residents shrank from 3.10 in 2012 to 3.03.This trend for four consecutive years is a sign that regional development disparity has been easing, unleashing huge market potential for the vast hinterland areas.Australian enterprises have been increasingly active in the development of central and western China, which will help Australia gain a head start in China‘s economic restructuring.Despite a softening of its economy, with 2013 growth the same as 2012, China still has robust demand for Australian energy and resources.China‘s economic aggregate is now on a much larger base than before, with a GDP of US$9.18 trillion, the second largest economy for four years running.A larger, better-quality and more stable Chinese economy will bring even more opportunities to the world.The urbanisation rate rose by 1.16 per cent to 53.73 per cent in 2013 which shows China still has a large demand for infrastructure building.China‘s outbound trade and investment will continue to expand with outbound investment expected to reach $US500 billion over five years.This is good news to Australian businesses in energy, resources and agriculture.This year is going to be vital to world economic recovery.It will also be an important year for upgrading China-Australia economic ties.Both nations should work together to seize new opportunities and fully tap co-operation potential.澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的新機(jī)遇

2014年1月31日，中國(guó)駐澳大利亞大使馬朝旭在當(dāng)?shù)刂髁髅襟w《澳大利亞金融評(píng)論報(bào)》發(fā)表題為《澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的新機(jī)遇》的署名文章。全文如下：

上周中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2013年中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）增長(zhǎng)了7.7%。這個(gè)數(shù)字從全球范圍看，保持了中高速增長(zhǎng)。全年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)人數(shù)超過1300萬(wàn)，是歷年最多的。去年中國(guó)進(jìn)口額接近2萬(wàn)億美元，中國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)外直接投資也超過了900億美元。這一成績(jī)來(lái)之不易，是在國(guó)際金融危機(jī)余波未平、世界經(jīng)濟(jì)尚待復(fù)蘇和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的背景下產(chǎn)生的。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定因素較多、國(guó)際市場(chǎng)對(duì)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體宏觀政策動(dòng)向異常敏感的情況下，中國(guó)穩(wěn)定財(cái)政、貨幣政策，保持合理的流動(dòng)性，向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)發(fā)出了明確的穩(wěn)定預(yù)期的信號(hào)，這也是中國(guó)對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的負(fù)責(zé)任之舉。

新公布的數(shù)據(jù)也釋放出中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，以及這種轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)世界和澳大利亞經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)巨大機(jī)遇的積極信息。根據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)占中國(guó)GDP比重從2012年的44.6%上升為2013年46.1%，首次超過以工業(yè)、采礦業(yè)、建筑業(yè)為代表的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)。中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)已由過去依靠制造業(yè)的“單輪驅(qū)動(dòng)”發(fā)展到如今制造業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)雙增長(zhǎng)的“雙輪驅(qū)動(dòng)”，服務(wù)業(yè)正成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)健康發(fā)展與優(yōu)化升級(jí)的新引擎和新動(dòng)力。中澳服務(wù)業(yè)合作正處于快速發(fā)展時(shí)期。中國(guó)已連續(xù)3年成為澳最大的服務(wù)產(chǎn)品出口市場(chǎng)。2012-2013財(cái)年雙邊服務(wù)貿(mào)易近85.3億澳元，其中，澳對(duì)華出口66.6億澳元。中國(guó)已成為澳大利亞最大的留學(xué)生來(lái)源國(guó)、第二大海外游客來(lái)源國(guó)，也是增長(zhǎng)最快的旅客市場(chǎng)。一些有戰(zhàn)略眼光的澳大利亞企業(yè)已經(jīng)敏銳捕捉到了商機(jī)。澳新銀行在去年11月正式登陸上海自貿(mào)區(qū)。西太銀行（Westpac）大中華區(qū)總裁魏安德（Andrew Whitford）認(rèn)為，澳洲企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮將進(jìn)駐上海新自貿(mào)區(qū)作為與中國(guó)投資者產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的一種方式。

2013年，中國(guó)中西部地區(qū)GDP總量占全國(guó)的44.4%，比2012年提高0.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。中國(guó)農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.3%，比城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增速高2.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，增速連續(xù)四年快于城鎮(zhèn)，城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入倍差由上年的3.10縮小為3.03。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明長(zhǎng)期困擾中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的城鄉(xiāng)失衡、區(qū)域失衡問題正得到逐步緩解，中國(guó)龐大的中西部和農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)潛力正不斷釋放。我們看到，澳企業(yè)正日益積極地參與到中國(guó)西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展中來(lái)。我相信這將幫助澳在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型中占得先機(jī)。

中國(guó)對(duì)澳能源資源等需求依然強(qiáng)勁穩(wěn)健。盡管2013年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速與2012年持平，較過去有所下降，但總體增量卻比以前要大得多。中國(guó)GDP總量已經(jīng)達(dá)到9.18萬(wàn)億美元，連續(xù)4年成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。一個(gè)總量更大、增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量更高、增長(zhǎng)速度更穩(wěn)的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將為世界、為澳大利亞帶來(lái)更多機(jī)遇。2013年，中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化率同比提高1.16%，達(dá)53.73%，并有望在未來(lái)十年保持年均1.2%的提升速度。中國(guó)仍需進(jìn)行大量的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。同時(shí)，中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易與投資不斷擴(kuò)大，未來(lái)五年，中國(guó)對(duì)外投資規(guī)模將達(dá)到5000億美元。這對(duì)于澳能源資源的開發(fā)與出口、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的開拓等，無(wú)疑都是好消息。

2014年是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)走向復(fù)蘇的重要年份，也是中澳經(jīng)貿(mào)合作升級(jí)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵一年。中澳雙方應(yīng)該攜手努力，發(fā)掘合作潛力，為兩國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更多實(shí)實(shí)在在的利益。

Remembering the Past, Safeguarding the Future

By John Kerry

―It was so terrible.It was hard for the mind to absorb it.‖ Those were the words of U.S.Master Sergeant Marvin Josephs as he entered Buchenwald on April 12, 1945, along with military chaplain Rabbi Herschel Schachter.Decades later, Josephs still remembered vividly the words ―You‘re free‖ reverberating from Rabbi Schachter‘s bullhorn.He remembered seeing the crematoria and the house of the commandant and his notorious wife, Ilse Koch, the ―Beast of Buchenwald.‖ Above all, he remembered the survivors—emaciated and tortured—coming forward at the sound of the rabbi‘s bullhorn.The scenes of liberated prisoners were so overwhelming that Gen.Dwight D.Eisenhower ordered every man in the U.S.4th Armored Division to walk the grounds of Buchenwald.Josephs immediately understood why: ―He didn‘t want people to ever deny what happened.‖

Nearly 70 years after World War Two ended, 70 years after the world‘s collective horror at the Holocaust, anti-Semitism remains a global menace.It is not enough to remember the millions of innocent lives lost in one of the darkest chapters in all of world history.We must reaffirm our vow never to forget the evil that comes from bigotry and intolerance and turn that commitment into action.Many of us in the United States have personal and family connections to this difficult history —and to the cause of action now.My brother‘s interest in our family‘s genealogy took him back to the Czech Republic just months ago to learn more about the history of ancestors we had never even heard about until the last decade, stories of a great uncle Otto and his sister Jenni who perished in the Holocaust.I‘ll never forget, on my first trip to Berlin as Secretary of State, meeting with a group of young Germans.They told me something I never knew about the city where I‘d spent time growing up in the aftermath of World War Two.Throughout the city, they‘ve placed ―stumbling stones‖ to mark where Jews were murdered in the streets and other victims of the Holocaust.Every day, passers-by remember what happened—and equally important—they never forget or deny it.Holocaust Remembrance Day calls us to condemn anti-Semitism in every form—whether it‘s the disturbing rise of xenophobic and anti-Semitic parties in Europe or the uptick of violence against Jewish people anywhere in the world.The EU‘s Agency for Fundamental Rights 2013 Report on Anti-Semitism underscores the stakes.One third of those surveyed experienced some form of anti-Semitic harassment over the past five years, with 26 percent enduring verbal assault or harassment over the past year alone— just because they were Jewish.What‘s more, 4 percent reported physical violence and 23 percent said they avoid Jewish events or sites because they don‘t feel safe.Of course, the numbers don‘t tell the full story.In Italy, police are tracking down the culprit who sent pig heads last week to Rome‘s Grand Synagogue, the Israeli Embassy, and a museum sponsoring a Holocaust exhibit.In Romania, a government-owned television channel aired a profoundly anti-Semitic Christmas song, which claimed that Jews are only good ―in the chimney as smoke.‖

If these acts of hate don‘t hit you in the gut, I don‘t know what will.If this isn‘t a call to action, I don‘t know what is.We need to be forceful about what is right and what is wrong.But we also need to work to recognize our common humanity in others, and to start the conversations that will help others recognize ours.That‘s why the Obama Administration has launched the Atrocities Prevention Board.That‘s why we‘re working hand in glove with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum‘s Center for the Prevention of Genocide so that we can detect and highlight this global scourge.And that‘s why, last year, Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Ira Forman and President Obama‘s Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Rashad Hussain joined an historic interfaith visit to the concentration camps at Dachau and Auschwitz-Birkenau.The United States is committed to having the difficult conversations across cultures and religions that can actually change people‘s opinions.Pope Francis calls it ―the dialogue of life,‖ and we reaffirm today that there are indeed millions of lives that depend on it.We—each of us—have a responsibility to stand up and affirm human dignity.In an interconnected world, anti-Semitism that goes unanswered anywhere is a threat to people everywhere.That is a collective challenge we all face in the 21st century.記住歷史，保衛(wèi)未來(lái)

約翰·克里

1945年4月12日，美軍軍士長(zhǎng)（Master Sergeant）馬文·約瑟夫斯（Marvin Josephs）與隨軍牧師赫歇爾·沙克特（Herschel Schachter）拉比走進(jìn)布痕瓦爾德（Buchenwald）時(shí)說：“太可怕了。令人難以置信?！?/p>

歷經(jīng)數(shù)十載后，約瑟夫斯依然清楚地記得從沙克特拉比的擴(kuò)音器中傳出的“你們自由了”這句余音不絕的話語(yǔ)。他記得當(dāng)時(shí)看到的焚尸房以及那里的指揮官和他外號(hào)“布痕瓦爾德的野獸”（Beast of Buchenwald）的臭名昭著的妻子伊爾斯·科赫（Ilse Koch）的住房。他記得最清楚的則是那些幸存者——瘦骨嶙峋、備受折磨——聽到拉比的喊話后走上前來(lái)。

解放囚犯的場(chǎng)面極如此震撼人心，使得德懷特·艾森豪威爾（Dwight D.Eisenhower）將軍命令美軍第4裝甲師（4th Armored Division）的每一個(gè)人在布痕瓦爾德集中營(yíng)里走一遭。約瑟夫斯立刻領(lǐng)會(huì)了他的用意：“他不想讓人們有朝一日否認(rèn)所發(fā)生的一切?！?/p>

第二次世界大戰(zhàn)（World War Two）結(jié)束近70年后，在全世界一同經(jīng)歷了大屠殺的恐怖的70年之后，反猶太主義（anti-Semitism）依然是一項(xiàng)全球性威脅。僅僅緬懷在整個(gè)世界歷史上最黑暗的一個(gè)時(shí)期中喪生的數(shù)百萬(wàn)無(wú)辜生命是不夠的。我們必須重申我們的誓言——永遠(yuǎn)不忘偏執(zhí)和不寬容所造成的邪惡，并將這個(gè)承諾化為行動(dòng)。

我們美國(guó)的很多人與這段慘痛的歷史——以及當(dāng)前的行動(dòng)路線——有著個(gè)人和家庭的聯(lián)系。出于對(duì)我們家族家譜的興趣，我的兄弟數(shù)月前剛?cè)ミ^捷克共和國(guó)，更多地了解了直到上個(gè)10年我們還從未聽說過的祖先的歷史，一位名叫奧托（Otto）的叔伯祖父和他的姐妹詹妮（Jenni）死于大屠殺的故事。

我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在我作為國(guó)務(wù)卿首次出訪柏林（Berlin）時(shí)與一批年輕德國(guó)人的會(huì)面。他們告訴我一些我從未聽說過的有關(guān)該城市的事情，而我是在二次大戰(zhàn)后在那里長(zhǎng)大的。他們?cè)谡麄€(gè)城市放置了“絆腳石”，以標(biāo)出猶太人和大屠殺的其他受害者當(dāng)街被殺害的位置。每天，過路的人都會(huì)記住發(fā)生過什么——同樣重要的是——他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記或否認(rèn)發(fā)生過的事。

國(guó)際大屠殺紀(jì)念日（International Holocaust Remembrance Day）敦促我們譴責(zé)各種形式的反猶太主義——不論是歐洲的仇外和反猶太黨派令人不安的抬頭，還是世界任何地方針對(duì)猶太人的暴力的升級(jí)。

歐盟（EU）基本權(quán)利局（Agency for Fundamental Rights）發(fā)布的《2013年反猶太主義報(bào)告》（2013 Report on Anti-Semitism）突顯了種種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。接受調(diào)查的人中有三分之一在過去五年中經(jīng)歷過某種形式的反猶太人的騷擾，單在過去一年里就有26%的人遭受過言語(yǔ)攻擊或騷擾——僅僅因?yàn)樗麄兪仟q太人。

此外，4%的人報(bào)告遭到人身暴力，23%的人表示由于感到不安全，他們避免參加猶太人的活動(dòng)或去相關(guān)的地點(diǎn)。

當(dāng)然，這些數(shù)字只是冰山一角。

在意大利，警方正在追查上周把豬頭送至位于羅馬的猶太會(huì)堂（Grand Synagogue）、以色列大使館（Israeli Embassy）以及舉辦大屠殺展覽的一家博物館的罪犯。

在羅馬尼亞，一家政府擁有的電視臺(tái)播放了一首極度反猶太人的圣誕歌曲，歌曲唱道，猶太人只配當(dāng)“煙囪中的煙”。

如果這些仇恨行為不令人痛心疾首的話，我不知道還有什么會(huì)。如果這不能促使我們采取行動(dòng)，我不知道還有什么能。

我們必須更堅(jiān)決地闡明是非。但我們也必須努力認(rèn)識(shí)到他人與我們的共同人性，并開啟幫助他人認(rèn)識(shí)到我們擁有的共同人性的對(duì)話。

正因?yàn)槿绱?，歐巴馬政府（Obama Administration）發(fā)起了防止暴行委員會(huì)（Atrocities Prevention Board）。正因?yàn)槿绱?，我們正在與美國(guó)大屠殺遇難者紀(jì)念館（United States Holocaust Memorial Museum）防止種族滅絕中心（Center for the Prevention of Genocide）密切合作，以便能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)并曝光這一全球性禍患。

也正因?yàn)槿绱耍ツ?，監(jiān)控及打擊反猶太主義活動(dòng)特使（Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism）艾拉·福曼（Ira Forman）與歐巴馬總統(tǒng)派駐伊斯蘭合作組織的特使（Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation）拉沙德·侯賽因（Rashad Hussain）參加了不同宗教團(tuán)體一同對(duì)達(dá)豪（Dachau）和奧斯威辛-比克瑙（Auschwitz-Birkenau）集中營(yíng)進(jìn)行的具有歷史意義的跨宗教訪問。

美國(guó)致力于進(jìn)行能真正改變?nèi)藗冇^念的跨文化和跨宗教的艱難對(duì)話。教皇弗朗西斯（Pope Francis）將其稱為“生命對(duì)話”（dialogue of life）。我們今天重申，確實(shí)有數(shù)百萬(wàn)的生命有賴于此。

我們——我們中的每一個(gè)人——都有責(zé)任堅(jiān)決重申人類的尊嚴(yán)。在一個(gè)互連互通的世界上，反猶太主義若在任何一個(gè)地方肆虐，便會(huì)對(duì)所有地方的人民構(gòu)成威脅。這是我們?cè)?1世紀(jì)共同面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

Secretary-General’s Message on International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the

Victims of the Holocaust January 2013

Every year on the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp, we commemorate the victims of the Holocaust.We recall the suffering of millions of innocent people, and highlight the perils of anti-Semitism and hatred of any kind.This year we focus on journeys through the Holocaust – and I recall a recent journey of my own.Last November, I walked through the infamous ―arbeit macht frei‖ gate at Auschwitz-Birkenau.I will never forget my visit.I saw the horrific remnants of the machinery of genocide, as well as moving images of European Jewish life in the 1930s--weddings, family meals, rituals, other scenes of simple daily life--all extinguished through systematic murder unique in human history.I saw the barracks where Jews, Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, dissidents, prisoners of war and persons with disabilities spent their final days in the most brutal conditions.The United Nations was founded to prevent any such horror from happening again.Yet tragedies from Cambodia to Rwanda to Srebrenica show that the poison of genocide still flows.We must be ever vigilant against bigotry, extremist ideologies, communal tensions and discrimination against minorities.And we must teach our children well.The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme has developed effective educational materials and strong partnerships that help convey these lessons to students around the world.Standing near the crematorium at Auschwitz, I felt deeply saddened by all that had happened within.But I was also inspired by all those who liberated the death camps for all humanity.Let us join forces today on a shared journey to a world of equality and dignity for all.緬懷大屠殺受難者國(guó)際紀(jì)念日致辭

2014年1月27日

每年在解放奧斯威辛集中營(yíng)的紀(jì)念日，我們都緬懷大屠殺受難者。我們回顧千百萬(wàn)無(wú)辜人的痛苦，并強(qiáng)調(diào)反猶太主義和任何仇恨的危險(xiǎn)。

今年，我們側(cè)重于了解大屠殺的旅行，我要回顧最近的一次旅行。

去年11月，我走過了在奧斯威辛-比克瑙的臭名昭著的“勞動(dòng)獲得自由”之門。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這次訪問。

我目睹了滅絕種族機(jī)制遺留的可怕后果，以及歐洲猶太人在1930年代生活的感人影像——婚禮、家庭聚餐、儀式和其他簡(jiǎn)單的日常生活場(chǎng)景——所有這些均被人類歷史上罕見的有計(jì)劃屠殺所摧毀。

我看到了猶太人、羅姆人、辛提人、同性戀者、持不同政見者、戰(zhàn)俘和殘疾人在最殘酷的條件下度過最后日子的營(yíng)房。

聯(lián)合國(guó)的成立是為了防止任何此類恐怖事件再次發(fā)生。然而，從柬埔寨到盧旺達(dá)再到斯雷布雷尼察的悲劇表明，種族滅絕的毒害仍在泛濫。

我們必須始終警惕，防止偏見、極端主義的意識(shí)形態(tài)、族裔間緊張關(guān)系和對(duì)少數(shù)群體的歧視。我們必須給予后代良好教育。大屠殺和聯(lián)合國(guó)外聯(lián)方案已編制有效的教材，并建立了強(qiáng)有力的伙伴關(guān)系，協(xié)助將這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)傳播給世界各地的學(xué)生。

站在奧斯威辛火葬場(chǎng)附近，我對(duì)于該火葬場(chǎng)發(fā)生過的一切感到萬(wàn)分悲痛。但我也被所有那些為全人類解放死亡營(yíng)的人感到鼓舞。讓我們從現(xiàn)在起攜手努力，共同開啟通往一個(gè)人人享有平等和尊嚴(yán)的世界的旅程。

Statement to Geneva Conference on Syria

Foreign Secretary William Hague January 2014

Thank you very much Secretary General.We meet today with the urgent task of implementing the Geneva communiqué agreed 18 months ago, as a roadmap to end the conflict in Syria.At that time, 15,000 people had been killed and there were 87,000 registered Syrian refugees in the region.These numbers seemed appallingly high at the time.But the failure to implement the Geneva communiqué has meant that at least 110,000 other innocent people have now died, and 2.3 million more people have had to flee as refugees – including a staggering one million children.These facts should be seared into our consciences.They are a devastating reminder of the human cost of this war, and they give overriding urgency to the task before us.For we can be absolutely certain that if this peace process fails, then thousands more innocent Syrians will pay the price.I urge both Syrian delegations to approach these negotiations in that spirit—recognising that the entire future of Syria is at stake.And the Syrian government bears a particular responsibility for this crisis and can do the most to end it.I call on them to commit themselves to the aim of a mutually agreed settlement;and to stop actions on the ground which undermine the negotiations.At a time of relentless attacks on their homes and their families, the National Coalition have agreed to participate in this Conference, which was not an easy decision for President al-Jarba and the National Coalition leadership and I commend them for taking this step and for endorsing today the Geneva Communiqué as their basis of our work.They have our full support in doing that.And we should be absolutely clear that the Syrian conflict did not begin with terrorism.This began with ordinary people calling for greater political and economic freedom, who were met with brute force and oppression rather than the offer of peaceful change.And there must be accountability for the appalling crimes committed in this conflict, including those reported by distinguished jurists this week.And it was because of that repression that those protests escalated into a mass uprising and civil war, and it is this instability that has created a foothold for extremists.But they are in a tiny minority compared to the millions of Syrians who have taken no part in this conflict and who want and deserve lives of dignity, and safety, and freedom.The only way to end the bloodshed and to deal with extremist threats, is to reach an inclusive political settlement that takes into account the needs and aspirations of all Syria‘s communities with a Syrian-led political process, leading to a transition enabling the Syrian people independently and democratically to determine their future.All of us who have endorsed the Geneva Communiqué know what the goal is: a transitional governing body in Syria with full executive powers, formed by mutual consent, which means no one included without the agreement of the others, including a President who has destroyed his own legitimacy.And we know what the steps are that are needed to reach that goal, including a firm timetable for a Syria-led transition for a future for Syria that is genuinely democratic and pluralistic;and ceasefire agreements enabling immediate and full humanitarian access.We have provided ￡500 million pounds in aid as the United Kingdom and pledged ￡100m more but aid must be able to reach the people who need it most.The deliberate obstruction of humanitarian aid is utterly unacceptable and a flagrant disregard of the UN Security Council presidential statement of last October.The UN estimates that 2.5 million people inside Syria are currently receiving no or extremely limited assistance, including 250,000 people trapped in besieged or hard-to-access areas.Urgent efforts are required to improvement this situation.The transition in Syria should also include full participation for women, as set out in the Geneva communiqué.As the United Kingdom we would have liked to see a formal role for Syrian women‘s groups and civil society at this meeting.But I welcome the Secretary General‘s and Mr Brahimi‘s strong support for the inclusion of women in both delegations.There can be no lasting settlement in Syria that does not involve Syria‘s women at every stage of the process and as the UK we will work to achieve their full participation in this process.These talks are only the start of a process, so will require commitment and courage, but I urge both sides to remain at the negotiating table.And to them I say, this is your opportunity to put an end to the devastation of your country.Now is the time to choose to save a generation of Syrian children from violence and trauma;to end the sieges being laid to ancient towns and cities;to begin to repair the rich fabric of Syrian society;and to spare millions of refugees the prospect of years of exile, homelessness and deprivation.We have no illusions about how difficult and challenging this process is likely to be but we should all do everything possible to help the people of Syria achieve peace.在日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議上就敘利亞問題的講話

外交大臣威廉?黑格

2014年1月12日

非常感謝秘書長(zhǎng)。

今天，我們開會(huì)討論一項(xiàng)緊迫的任務(wù)，即實(shí)施18個(gè)月前達(dá)成一致的《日內(nèi)瓦公報(bào)》，該公報(bào)是結(jié)束敘利亞沖突的路線圖。

當(dāng)時(shí)，敘利亞已有1.5萬(wàn)人被殺害，而該地區(qū)登記在案的敘利亞難民有8.7萬(wàn)人，這些數(shù)字在當(dāng)時(shí)看起來(lái)已經(jīng)高得驚人。

但未能實(shí)施《日內(nèi)瓦公報(bào)》則意味著現(xiàn)在另有至少11萬(wàn)無(wú)辜平民已經(jīng)死亡，另有230萬(wàn)人被迫逃離該國(guó)成為難民，其中兒童難民的數(shù)量達(dá)到驚人的100萬(wàn)。

這些事實(shí)在拷問著我們的良心，有力地提醒我們這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)所造成的人類的生命損失，并且使擺在我們面前的這一任務(wù)具有壓倒一切的緊迫性。

我們絕對(duì)可以肯定，如果這一和平進(jìn)程失敗的話，還將有成千上萬(wàn)無(wú)辜的敘利亞人成為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的犧牲品。我敦促敘利亞雙方代表本著這樣的精神進(jìn)行談判，即雙方需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，敘利亞的整個(gè)未來(lái)正處于極其危險(xiǎn)之中。

而敘利亞政府則對(duì)本次危機(jī)負(fù)有特別重要的責(zé)任，并且可以盡一切所能結(jié)束危機(jī)。我呼吁雙方致力于達(dá)成彼此同意的解決辦法的目標(biāo)，并為此停止可能破壞談判的行動(dòng)。

當(dāng)其家園和家屬都在遭受無(wú)情攻擊的時(shí)候，全國(guó)聯(lián)盟就已經(jīng)同意參加本次會(huì)議，而這對(duì)于主席賈爾巴和全國(guó)聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層來(lái)說并不是輕易能夠做出的決定。他們能夠采取這一步驟并且現(xiàn)在贊同《日內(nèi)瓦公報(bào)》、將其作為他們參與我們這項(xiàng)工作的基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)此我表示贊賞，我們對(duì)他們的這種行為給予全力支持。

我們還應(yīng)絕對(duì)清楚這一點(diǎn)，即敘利亞沖突并不是開始于恐怖主義，而是開始于普通民眾，他們要求獲得更大的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)自由，但沒有獲得和平變革，反而遭到了殘酷的打擊和壓迫。對(duì)于這場(chǎng)沖突中所發(fā)生的駭人聽聞的罪行，包括本周由重要的法學(xué)家所報(bào)告的那些罪行，都必須進(jìn)行問責(zé)。

正是因?yàn)殒?zhèn)壓，使得抗議活動(dòng)升級(jí)為一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的起義和內(nèi)戰(zhàn)；而正是這種不穩(wěn)定成為了產(chǎn)生極端分子的土壤。但是相對(duì)于幾百萬(wàn)敘利亞人來(lái)說，極端分子只是極少數(shù)，大多數(shù)敘利亞人并沒有參與這場(chǎng)沖突，他們希望的是過上有尊嚴(yán)、有安全、有自由的生活，這也是他們應(yīng)該享有的。

停止流血和應(yīng)對(duì)極端分子威脅的唯一途徑，是需要通過政治途徑進(jìn)行解決：一個(gè)由敘利亞人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政治進(jìn)程，包含敘利亞各方需求和愿景并使之實(shí)現(xiàn)，最終成功政治過渡，使敘利亞人能夠獨(dú)立地、民主地決定他們的未來(lái)。

我們所有人都贊同《日內(nèi)瓦公報(bào)》，我們知道該公報(bào)的目標(biāo)是，在敘利亞建立一個(gè)具有充分的行政權(quán)力、經(jīng)各方協(xié)商組成的過渡管理機(jī)構(gòu)。這意味著未經(jīng)其他方的同意，任何人將不會(huì)進(jìn)入該機(jī)構(gòu)，這也包括了一個(gè)破壞了自身合法性的總統(tǒng)。

我們知道要達(dá)到該目標(biāo)所要采取的步驟，包括為敘利亞主導(dǎo)的、向真正民主多元的未來(lái)的過渡制定一個(gè)明確的時(shí)間表，和能夠立即全面進(jìn)行人道主義援助的?；饏f(xié)議。英國(guó)已經(jīng)提供了5億英鎊的援助，并承諾再援助1億英鎊，但是援助必須能夠到達(dá)最需要援助的人民手中。對(duì)人道主義援助的蓄意阻撓是完全不可接受的，這種阻撓行為是對(duì)去年10月的聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)主席聲明的公然挑釁。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)估計(jì)，敘利亞境內(nèi)目前有250萬(wàn)人沒有得到任何援助或者所得到的援助極其有限，其中有25萬(wàn)人處于包圍之中或者難以接近的區(qū)域?，F(xiàn)在急需采取行動(dòng)改善這種狀況。

根據(jù)《日內(nèi)瓦公報(bào)》的精神，敘利亞的過渡還應(yīng)包括婦女的全面參與。對(duì)于英國(guó)來(lái)說，我們本希望看到敘利亞婦女團(tuán)體和民間團(tuán)體能以正式的身份參與此次會(huì)議。不過我對(duì)會(huì)議秘書長(zhǎng)和卜拉希米先生為將婦女納入雙方代表團(tuán)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力的支持表示歡迎。如果不能將敘利亞婦女納入每一個(gè)進(jìn)程階段，就不可能產(chǎn)生持久的解決辦法。對(duì)于英國(guó)，我們將在這一進(jìn)程中努力實(shí)現(xiàn)婦女的全面參與。

這些會(huì)談只是進(jìn)程的開始，需要人們有決心和勇氣來(lái)參與。但是我敦促雙方將談判進(jìn)行下去。我想對(duì)他們說，這是你們結(jié)束你們國(guó)家破敗局面的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)?，F(xiàn)在是選擇拯救一代敘利亞兒童免于暴力和創(chuàng)傷的時(shí)候，是結(jié)束古老城鎮(zhèn)擺脫圍攻的時(shí)候，是開始修復(fù)敘利亞社會(huì)的各種組織結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，是使數(shù)百萬(wàn)難民不再繼續(xù)背井離鄉(xiāng)、無(wú)家可歸、極度貧困生活的時(shí)候。

我們對(duì)這一進(jìn)程的困難程度和挑戰(zhàn)性非常清楚。但是我們應(yīng)該盡一切可能幫助敘利亞人民實(shí)現(xiàn)和平。

New Development in China, New Opportunities for the World

--Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2014 January 2014, Davos, Switzerland

Dr.Joseph Nye, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，Good afternoon.It gives me great pleasure to discuss with you what China‘s development means to the world.China has always been the focus of attention at the World Economic Forum(WEF), and more so this year with China unveiling a new round of comprehensive reform 35 years after the launch of its reform program.This will not only herald a new era for China‘s development but also have extensive and positive impacts on the world.The day before yesterday, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang sent a special message to this year‘s WEF annual meeting which you can find on the WEF website.It gives a comprehensive and authoritative explanation of the current state, reform and prospect of the Chinese economy.In his message, Premier Li pointed out that the sustained and sound development of the Chinese economy would offer new opportunities and inject new impetus to development of the world.China‘s new round of reform will take place in political, economic, cultural, social and ecological dimensions.More than 300 major reform measures have been announced, covering over 60 fields under 15 categories.The reform is unprecedented in terms of its scope, depth and difficulty.I guess the questions you want to ask the most are: Will this round of reform be a great success just like the previous one? What will the reform bring to the world?

Here, I want to tell you in clear terms that China has every confidence in the success of its reform.Our confidence comes from the fine tradition of constant self-improvement and the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation over 5,000 years.The Chinese nation has gone through many hardships and sufferings, but it has always emerged stronger.An important reason is that our nation has the fortitude to reform and improve itself.The Chinese people, at all times, have the courage, will and ability to carry out reform.Our confidence comes from the right path China has chosen.In the past 65 years since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China, we have explored tirelessly and eventually found a development path that is suited to China‘s conditions and supported by the entire Chinese nation.It is a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Our practice has proven and will continue to prove that as long as we remain steadfastly committed to this path, China will remain dynamic and acquire the driving force for development.Our confidence comes from the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).The fact that the CPC is a ruling party with 86 million members represents our unique strength and most important resource.As long as the 86 million party members work in unison, they will generate an unrivalled force of positive energy that will enable us to surmount whatever difficulties and challenges in the reform process.Our confidence comes from the solid foundation China has laid and the rich experience it has gained.Since the start of reform and opening-up, China has progressed from poverty to prosperity.We used to ―cross the river by feeling our way from one stone to another‖.Today, we have the support of a comprehensive system of theories and policies.We know very well where our problems exist, and more importantly, we know how to have them resolved.Our confidence comes from China‘s huge development space and potential.China is a big country with 1.3 billion people and an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.It thus has broad space for development whose great potential is yet to be tapped.At present, the gaps between urban and rural areas and between the central and western and the eastern regions in China remain wide.This is a major challenge China faces, but more importantly, it also spells hope for China‘s future development.As reform deepens in China, waves of enormous demand will be unleashed, propelling China‘s strong momentum of economic growth.Our confidence comes from China‘s win-win strategy of opening-up.The most successful experience of China‘s reform is that it is always carried out in parallel with China‘s opening-up.Through reform, we have increased China‘s openness, which, in turn, has promoted China‘s reform.Our reform will bring more benefits to the world, as China continues to draw impetus to its reform from the world.Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends，China, a major country with a population of 1.3 billion, is moving fast toward modernization.This is an extraordinary historic process unfolding before our eyes and the greatest contribution of the Chinese nation to human progress.We are not just responsible for our own country and people, but also ready to honor our due obligations to the world.The new round of reform in China serves both the interests of the Chinese people and the need of countries of the world.We will speed up the shift of the growth model, intensify efforts to upgrade and improve the quality and efficiency of growth, get beyond the ―middle income trap‖ and achieve sustainable development.An increasingly prosperous China that is committed to deepening reform means the following to the world:

--China will provide the world‘s development with more ―Chinese opportunities‖.First, market opportunities.Despite the lack of effective global demand, the potential of the Chinese market is still growing.Last year, the Chinese people bought 21 million cars, more than a quarter of global car sales.China‘s annual imports are approaching US$2 trillion.And China is expected to import over US$10 trillion of goods in the next five years.Second, investment opportunities.Despite financial constraints facing the real economy in the world, Chinese businesses are becoming a major source of international investment and financing.Last year, China‘s non-financial outbound direct investment topped US$90 billion.In its new round of reform, China will encourage businesses and individuals to invest abroad and enter a new stage of overseas investment.Third, growth opportunities.Despite the sluggish world economy, the Chinese economy, with a size of over US$9 trillion, remained one of the fastest-growing economies among the G20 last year with a growth rate of 7.7%.Moreover, the growth was achieved in the course of accelerated structural adjustment and therefore it was growth in real terms.Estimates show that as long as China continues to grow at 7%, it will contribute to the growth of the world economy by one percentage point more each year.This is certainly great news to the world economy, given that the new round of reform will maintain China‘s mid-to-high growth rate for a fairly long time to come.Fourth, cooperation opportunities.Against the backdrop of tortuous global governance reform, the new round of reform in China will serve to safeguard the open world economy and the free trade regime.It will facilitate the healthy development of economic globalization and economic policy coordination among different countries.--China will contribute more of the ―Chinese power‖ to world peace.First, China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, and will encourage other countries to jointly uphold peaceful development.Peaceful development is the only choice we can make in an era of globalization, and it represents the direction of development and progress of mankind.Second, China will undertake more international obligations.China will seek and uphold justice and equality in international and regional affairs, and play an even more active and productive role in resolving hotspot issues.China will develop itself through upholding world peace and will promote world peace through its own development.Third, China will continue to handle disagreements and differences through equal-footed consultations.Under the prerequisite that the nation's fundamental interests are safeguarded, we are ready to show our utmost sincerity and patience and remain committed to resolving differences through dialogue.Fourth, China will work with other countries to safeguard human conscience and international justice.Past aggressors must never be allowed to reverse the history of aggression;past powers must never be allowed to once again embark on the evil path of expansion;and fascist or militarist ideas must never be allowed to revive, not in whatever form.Distinguished Guests, Dear Friends，Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping outlined the vision of the Chinese dream, which is to achieve the great renewal of the Chinese nation.The new round of reform launched in China serves just as the right path that will lead us to this goal.The steady process of attaining the Chinese dream will not only benefit China;it will benefit the world at large.As President Xi Jinping pointed out, the Chinese dream of national renewal is about the pursuit of happiness by every Chinese, and it has much in common with the dream of the people in other countries.China is an important member of the international community.While striving to realize its own dream, China will work with other countries in the world and make its due contribution to the development and progress of mankind.Thank you.中國(guó)新發(fā)展 世界新機(jī)遇

——王毅外長(zhǎng)在世經(jīng)論壇2014年年會(huì)上的演講

2014年1月24日，瑞士達(dá)沃斯

尊敬的約瑟夫奈博士，女士們，先生們，朋友們，大家下午好，很高興與大家共同探討中國(guó)發(fā)展對(duì)世界的意義。

中國(guó)歷來(lái)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。今年更不例外。因?yàn)闀r(shí)隔35年之后，中國(guó)吹響了新一輪全方位改革的號(hào)角。這不僅預(yù)示著中國(guó)的發(fā)展將進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的時(shí)代，也將對(duì)整個(gè)世界產(chǎn)生廣泛和積極的影響。

前天，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)先生專門在本屆論壇官網(wǎng)上發(fā)表了文章，對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)狀、改革和前景做了全面和權(quán)威的介紹。李總理在文中明確指出，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，將為世界發(fā)展帶來(lái)新機(jī)遇，增添新動(dòng)力。

中國(guó)新一輪的改革涵蓋政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明五大方向，涉及15個(gè)方面、60多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，共形成300多項(xiàng)重要舉措。改革的范圍之廣、程度之深、難度之大可謂前所未有。大家可能最想知道的是，這一輪改革能否再獲成功，續(xù)寫輝煌？改革將給世界帶來(lái)什么？我愿明確告訴大家，我們對(duì)于中國(guó)改革的成功充滿自信。

——自信來(lái)自于中華民族5000年自強(qiáng)不息的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)和博大精深的文明底蘊(yùn)。中華民族曾歷經(jīng)無(wú)數(shù)危難，面對(duì)各種考驗(yàn)，卻始終百折不撓，生生不息，一個(gè)重要的原因就是我們這個(gè)民族勇于自我革新，敢于自我超越。中國(guó)人在任何時(shí)候都不怕改革，樂于改革，善于改革。

——自信來(lái)自于中國(guó)業(yè)已選擇的正確道路。新中國(guó)成立65年來(lái)，我們經(jīng)過上下求索，找到了一條完全符合中國(guó)國(guó)情并且得到全體人民擁護(hù)的發(fā)展道路，這就是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路。實(shí)踐已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)證明，只要堅(jiān)持這一方向，不偏離這條道路，中國(guó)就能保持發(fā)展活力，獲得發(fā)展動(dòng)力。

——自信來(lái)自于中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。作為執(zhí)政黨，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨擁有8600萬(wàn)黨員。這是中國(guó)發(fā)展最獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)和最重要的資源。只要8600萬(wàn)黨員團(tuán)結(jié)一心，就能迸發(fā)出無(wú)與倫比的強(qiáng)大正能量，就能在改革進(jìn)程中無(wú)堅(jiān)不摧，無(wú)難不克。

——自信來(lái)自于中國(guó)業(yè)已打下的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)和積累的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)從貧窮走向富裕，從摸著石頭過河到形成系統(tǒng)理論支撐和完整政策體系。我們不僅清晰地把握了自身存在的各種問題，也完全具備了解決這些問題的能力。

——自信來(lái)自于中國(guó)巨大的發(fā)展空間與潛力。中國(guó)是一個(gè)擁有13億人口和960萬(wàn)平方公里領(lǐng)土的大國(guó)，發(fā)展空間極為廣闊，發(fā)展?jié)摿h(yuǎn)未發(fā)掘。目前，中國(guó)的城鄉(xiāng)差距、中西部與東部差距還很大，這既是中國(guó)面臨的重大課題，更是未來(lái)發(fā)展的希望所在。隨著改革的深入，中國(guó)的巨大需求將波浪式持續(xù)釋放，長(zhǎng)久地推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持強(qiáng)勁發(fā)展勢(shì)頭。

——自信來(lái)自于中國(guó)奉行的互利共贏開放戰(zhàn)略。中國(guó)改革最成功的一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是，改革與開放并行推進(jìn)，通過改革擴(kuò)大開放，又通過開放促進(jìn)改革。中國(guó)的改革成果將更多惠及世界，同時(shí)也會(huì)從世界不斷汲取改革的動(dòng)力。

各位來(lái)賓，各位朋友，13億人口的大國(guó)快速走向現(xiàn)代化，這是一幅多么波瀾壯闊的歷史畫卷，更是中華民族對(duì)人類文明進(jìn)步的最大貢獻(xiàn)，我們不僅要對(duì)自己的國(guó)家和民族負(fù)責(zé)，也愿對(duì)世界承擔(dān)應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。中國(guó)新一輪改革既符合中國(guó)人民的利益，也符合世界各國(guó)的需求。我們將加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，強(qiáng)化提質(zhì)增效升級(jí)，跨越中等收入陷阱，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。而一個(gè)深化改革、日益繁榮的中國(guó)對(duì)世界意味著：

——中國(guó)將為世界發(fā)展提供更多“中國(guó)機(jī)遇”。

一是市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇。在全球有效需求不足背景下，中國(guó)的市場(chǎng)吸納力卻在不斷擴(kuò)容。中國(guó)人去年一年就購(gòu)買了2100萬(wàn)輛汽車，超過全球汽車銷量的四分之一。中國(guó)的年進(jìn)口總額已接近2萬(wàn)億美元，預(yù)計(jì)今后5年將進(jìn)口超過10萬(wàn)億美元商品。

二是投資機(jī)遇。在實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨融資難題背景下，中國(guó)企業(yè)成為國(guó)際投融資新的生力軍。去年中國(guó)非金融類對(duì)外直接投資已超過900億美元。新一輪改革將鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)和個(gè)人對(duì)外投資，推動(dòng)中國(guó)對(duì)外投資邁入新階段。

三是增長(zhǎng)機(jī)遇。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增速低迷背景下，中國(guó)作為一個(gè)規(guī)模超過9萬(wàn)億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)體去年仍實(shí)現(xiàn)了7.7%的快速增長(zhǎng)，在G20國(guó)家中繼續(xù)名列前茅。而且這一增長(zhǎng)是在加快調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)的，是實(shí)實(shí)在在、真金白銀的增長(zhǎng)。據(jù)推算，只要中國(guó)保持7%的增長(zhǎng)率，就將拉動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。新一輪改革將使中國(guó)保持較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的中高速增長(zhǎng)，這對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)無(wú)疑是重大利好。

四是合作機(jī)遇。在全球治理改革舉步維艱背景下，中國(guó)新一輪改革將維護(hù)開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和自由貿(mào)易體制，有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的健康發(fā)展，有助于各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的相互協(xié)調(diào)。

——中國(guó)將為世界和平貢獻(xiàn)更多“中國(guó)力量”。

首先，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，同時(shí)也將推動(dòng)各國(guó)共同堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展，這既是全球化背景下的唯一選擇，也是人類發(fā)展進(jìn)步的必然方向。

第二，中國(guó)將積極承擔(dān)更多國(guó)際責(zé)任，在世界和地區(qū)事務(wù)中主持公道，伸張正義，踐行平等，更加積極有為地參與熱點(diǎn)問題的解決，通過維護(hù)和平來(lái)發(fā)展自己，同時(shí)又以自身發(fā)展促進(jìn)世界和平。

第三，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)通過平等協(xié)商處理矛盾和分歧。我們?cè)冈诰S護(hù)國(guó)家根本利益前提下，以最大誠(chéng)意和耐心，堅(jiān)持對(duì)話解決分歧。

第四，中國(guó)將與世界各國(guó)共同維護(hù)人類良知與國(guó)際公理。決不允許過去的侵略者為侵略歷史翻案，決不允許昔日的強(qiáng)權(quán)再度走上對(duì)外擴(kuò)張邪路，也決不允許法西斯主義和軍國(guó)主義思想以任何形式死灰復(fù)燃。

各位來(lái)賓，各位朋友，去年，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平提出了中華民族偉大復(fù)興“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的奮斗目標(biāo)，而中國(guó)的新一輪改革正是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的必由之路。中國(guó)夢(mèng)的逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)，將惠及中國(guó)，也將惠及世界。正如習(xí)近平主席所指出的，民族復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)既是每一個(gè)中國(guó)人追求幸福的夢(mèng)，也與世界人民的夢(mèng)想息息相通。作為國(guó)際社會(huì)的重要成員，中國(guó)將在自己追夢(mèng)、圓夢(mèng)的奮斗過程中，與世界各國(guó)一道，共同為人類的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步做出應(yīng)有貢獻(xiàn)。

謝謝大家。

Report to the Executive Board at its 134th Session

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

Geneva, Switzerland January 2014

Madam chairperson, distinguished members of the Executive Board, colleagues in the UN system and sister agencies, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen，I wish you all a happy and healthy 2014.I will be brief.This session of the Executive Board has 67 items on its agenda, with 17 resolutions.This is by far the highest number of items ever scheduled for a non-budget year.We will all need to use our time with discipline and efficiency.We have a crowded agenda and a crowded room, with a record-breaking number of registered participants.The heavy agenda for this session shows the diversity of your concerns and also some measure of confidence that WHO is the right agency to address those concerns.I interpret the large number of participants as an indication of the high level of interest in global health.Both are good, but outstrip the capacity of the Secretariat to prepare for this session and serve it well.And there are other, more serious problems.A lean, effective, and flexible WHO must be strategic and highly selective in the work it undertakes.I would rather see outstanding performance in a limited number of high-impact areas than a full menu approach that dilutes our energy and resources.This is an easy trap to fall into, and it is dangerous.If this happens, WHO will have a lot to say, but little to show, especially in terms of health outcomes in your countries.Keep in mind: one reason for the success of the Millennium Development Goals was their limited number.Keep in mind: the Twelfth General Programme of Work, which you approved last May, includes just six leadership priorities.Part of the problem stems from the simple fact that the determinants of health have become broader and much more complex in a world where not only countries, but also policy spheres are closely interconnected.We are all aware that some new challenges, especially those driven by the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles, can only be addressed through collaboration with multiple sectors, including some industries.But WHO and its Member States must resist the temptation to cover every issue in the vast domain of public health.Please help us stick to those high-impact areas where we can get and measure results.Doing so becomes all the more important as the international community transitions to the post-2015 era.The demands on WHO and ministries of health will only grow as noncommunicable diseases increase, populations age, cities become more crowded, and the climate changes.Public expectations for health care are rising and costs are soaring.Some new medicines and medical devices are unaffordable, even for the wealthiest countries in the world.Last year‘s G8 summit on dementia, organized by the United Kingdom, made it clear that some major and very costly health problems have virtually no effective interventions for their prevention, early detection, or cure.WHO will need to perform extremely well in order to steer countries through these challenges.Ladies and gentlemen，In recent years, the Health Assembly has approved a number of global strategies and action plans for addressing specific diseases or needs.This is good.All have clearly defined objectives, targets, and indicators, and this helps ensure that countries and their partners align activities in a tightly focused and coordinated way.As we all know, the large number of health initiatives and actors has led to fragmentation, duplication of efforts, high transaction costs, and heavy reporting and monitoring requirements for countries.All of these global strategies and plans set out highly ambitious goals.This is also good, as it helps maintain the momentum for better health.But it has a downside.Like the many partnerships and health initiatives, these strategies and plans impose a heavy burden on health system capacities and carry heavy expectations for monitoring and reporting.Last year, the Regional Committees discussed their capacity to implement the recently approved Global monitoring framework and targets for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.In one region, not one single country was routinely producing the data needed to monitor some of the indicators.We should be ambitious with these strategies and plans, but also pragmatic and realistic.As we have learned since the start of this century, sustainable health improvements depend on a well-functioning health system.We must build the capacities of countries, not overburden them.I welcome the attention our governing bodies have given to the strengthening of health systems.Initiatives such as the International Health Partnership Plus are especially important as they help build capacity and self-reliance, which is the foundation for true country ownership.We have much work to do.According to our latest estimates, only 81 of our 194 Member States regularly submit useable death registration data.Of these 81 countries, only 34 submit data of high quality.The need for stronger systems for regulatory control and enforcement runs like a common thread through many of your documents, whether concerning antimicrobial resistance, the mandatory notification of diseases, or access to opioid analgesics for palliative care.For medicines, only around 20% of our Member States have a well-functioning regulatory authority, 50% have variable regulatory quality, and 30% have virtually no or only very limited capacity.Worldwide, an estimated 2.7 billion people live in countries with no safety net to cover health care costs.In such a situation, how can health work as a poverty-reduction strategy, especially as the costly burden of NCDs shifts to the developing world?

When I think about these statistics, I also think about people, the many millions of people being left behind in our highly unequal world.I thank Member States and partner agencies for their strong commitment to universal health coverage.In my view, this is one of the most positive and powerful trends in global health.Ladies and gentlemen，The world again faces simultaneous humanitarian crises.This time there are four: in the Syrian Arab Republic, the Philippines, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan.These crises are testing WHO‘s emergency performance in a highly visible way.Given the challenges, I believe we are doing well.Vigilance is our watchword as we continue to monitor sporadic cases of MERS coronavirus, and H7N9 and other avian influenza viruses, including North America‘s first case of H5N1 reported earlier this month.Nothing can be predicted with certainty, but on present evidence, none of these viruses shows a potential to spread widely or cause an explosive outbreak.Nonetheless, this situation reinforces the importance of building the core capacities of the International Health Regulations to detect cases, report, and respond.As I said, WHO must be strategic and highly selective in responding to these and many other challenges.This is one central purpose of WHO reform.Let me summarize a few achievements as the reform process continues to mature.Two financing dialogues have now been held with frank and open discussions.These discussions have included the identification of areas where resources can be used more efficiently and recommendations for some novel remedial actions that can help save money.A new web portal to support the programme budget offers open access to data on monies coming into the Organization, where those monies go, and what they are expected to deliver.The web portal was welcomed as a major contribution to transparency.Further financing reforms aim to strengthen coordinated resource mobilization at all levels of the Organization.Human resource reforms, including streamlined recruitment and selection processes, are being aligned with programmatic needs, staff needs for learning and development and, of course, fiscal realities.Ladies and gentlemen，Let me conclude by illustrating what I mean by outstanding performance in high-impact areas.To date, WHO has prequalified more than 400 medical products, including 62 last year.Thanks to these and other efforts, WHO estimates that 97% of the global vaccine supply is currently of assured quality.Worldwide, 65% of babies are immunized using WHO pre-qualified vaccines.Last year, the ―Lancet‖ published the largest study to date, coordinated by WHO, on severe complications and ―near misses‖ in pregnancy.The study concluded that having life-saving interventions available in health facilities will not reduce maternal mortality in the absence of overall improvements in the quality of maternal care and emergency services.This tells us clearly that we must focus more sharply on improving the quality of care.The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist, which is now undergoing trials in more than 100 hospitals, can help move us in this direction.This is a simple checklist, but evidence to date suggests it can have a major impact on the quality of care for mothers and their babies.The accountability framework, developed to support the Every Woman, Every Child strategy, has given us a new model for results-driven structuring and monitoring of development work.The framework incorporates the safeguard of rigorous independent monitoring, another important innovation.As we are seeing, getting and using better information can set off a chain of events, with improved health outcomes as the end result.We have seen this most dramatically in Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, where the availability of high-quality data was instrumental in reducing child mortality by a stunning 43%.In fact, I think we have enough evidence to conclude that any country, no matter how poor, can improve health if it really wants to.In December of last year, the WHO certification commission that oversees the eradication of guinea worm disease declared that four African countries are now free from this disease.Nigeria is one of them.When the eradication initiative was launched, Nigeria was the epicentre of this disease, with more than 650 000 cases reported each year.Going from that number to zero is a major achievement that must be praised.Those who follow the African media will know how much certification means to Nigeria and its President, who has expressed his commitment to do the same for polio.Nigeria‘s certification also has some lessons.Surveillance for cases and the investigation of rumours were done hand-in-hand with polio immunization teams.This is the kind of joined-up effort that makes the most effective use of our human and financial resources, which will always be limited, and has a dramatic and measurable impact.For polio eradication, India, which has not seen a case for three years, is another shining example.This achievement sets the stage to certify all of South-East Asia polio-free very soon.There are many more examples, but I promised to be brief.Thank you.在執(zhí)委會(huì)第134屆會(huì)議上的報(bào)告

世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事陳馮富珍博士

瑞士 日內(nèi)瓦

2014年1月20日

主席女士、尊敬的執(zhí)行委員會(huì)委員們、聯(lián)合國(guó)系統(tǒng)和姊妹機(jī)構(gòu)的同仁、各位閣下、女士們、先生們：

首先祝各位2014年幸福健康。

我的講話會(huì)很簡(jiǎn)短。本屆執(zhí)行委員會(huì)議程上有67個(gè)項(xiàng)目，其中涉及17項(xiàng)決議。這是非預(yù)算安排議程項(xiàng)目最多的一屆。我們大家都需要嚴(yán)格、高效地利用時(shí)間。

我們的日程很緊，會(huì)議室里人也很多，因?yàn)樽?cè)與會(huì)者的數(shù)量又創(chuàng)下了歷史記錄。本屆會(huì)議的緊張議程表明，各位關(guān)心的議題非常多樣化，而且你們也相信世衛(wèi)組織正是處理這些關(guān)切的機(jī)構(gòu)。我認(rèn)為，與會(huì)者數(shù)量眾多這一點(diǎn)也表明各國(guó)對(duì)全球衛(wèi)生非常感興趣。

這兩件事都是好事，不過確實(shí)也超出了秘書處籌備本屆會(huì)議并為其做好服務(wù)的能力。而且，還有其它更為嚴(yán)重的問題。

精簡(jiǎn)、有效、靈活的世衛(wèi)組織必須具有戰(zhàn)略性，其所開展的工作必須具有高度選擇性。我更愿意看到我們?cè)谏贁?shù)高影響領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出眾，而不是面面俱到，使精力和資源無(wú)法集中。

這是個(gè)很容易落入的陷阱，而且非常危險(xiǎn)。如果發(fā)生這種情況，世衛(wèi)組織可能會(huì)說的太多而做的太少，特別是對(duì)各國(guó)的衛(wèi)生成果而言。

請(qǐng)記?。呵臧l(fā)展目標(biāo)取得成功的原因之一是目標(biāo)數(shù)量有限。請(qǐng)記?。焊魑蝗ツ晡逶屡鷾?zhǔn)的第十二個(gè)工作總規(guī)劃只有六個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重點(diǎn)。

部分問題來(lái)源于這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單事實(shí)：當(dāng)今世界，各國(guó)和各政策領(lǐng)域之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)密切，因而健康的決定因素也更為廣泛、更為復(fù)雜。

我們都知道，只有通過多部門合作包括與企業(yè)界合作才能應(yīng)對(duì)一些新挑戰(zhàn)，特別是那些不健康生活方式的全球化所帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。

但是，世衛(wèi)組織及其會(huì)員國(guó)必須抵制覆蓋公共衛(wèi)生廣泛領(lǐng)域內(nèi)每個(gè)問題的誘惑。請(qǐng)幫助我們堅(jiān)守我們可以取得并且衡量結(jié)果的高影響領(lǐng)域。隨著國(guó)際社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向2015年以后的時(shí)代，這樣做越發(fā)重要。

隨著非傳染性疾病增加、人口老齡化、城市更為擁擠、氣候發(fā)生變化，對(duì)世衛(wèi)組織和各國(guó)衛(wèi)生部的需求只會(huì)越來(lái)越多。

公眾對(duì)于衛(wèi)生保健的期望值越來(lái)越高，而衛(wèi)生保健成本也在飆升。一些新藥和醫(yī)療器械價(jià)格讓人負(fù)擔(dān)不起，即使對(duì)于世界上最富裕的國(guó)家也是如此。

去年英國(guó)組織了有關(guān)癡呆癥問題的八國(guó)集團(tuán)峰會(huì)。會(huì)議清楚地表明，一些重大且費(fèi)用昂貴的健康問題最終并沒有有效的預(yù)防、早期發(fā)現(xiàn)或治愈措施。

要指導(dǎo)各國(guó)迎接這些挑戰(zhàn)，世衛(wèi)組織需要表現(xiàn)極為出色才行。

女士們、先生們，近年來(lái)，衛(wèi)生大會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了一些針對(duì)具體疾病或需求的全球戰(zhàn)略和行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。這很好。所有有關(guān)戰(zhàn)略和計(jì)劃都有明確的總體和具體目標(biāo)以及指標(biāo)，這有助于確保各國(guó)及其伙伴重點(diǎn)明確、相互協(xié)調(diào)地開展活動(dòng)。

眾所周知，大量衛(wèi)生行動(dòng)和行動(dòng)者的存在導(dǎo)致工作分散、重復(fù)，交易成本高以及各國(guó)面臨沉重的報(bào)告和監(jiān)測(cè)要求。

所有這些全球戰(zhàn)略和計(jì)劃都列出了雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)。這也是件好事，有助于為實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的衛(wèi)生保持住勢(shì)頭。但它也有不利的一面。

與眾多伙伴關(guān)系與衛(wèi)生行動(dòng)一樣，這些戰(zhàn)略和計(jì)劃給衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的能力帶來(lái)沉重負(fù)擔(dān)，而且?guī)в斜O(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)告的沉重期望。

去年，各區(qū)域委員會(huì)討論了其落實(shí)預(yù)防控制非傳染性疾病全球監(jiān)測(cè)框架和具體目標(biāo)的能力。在其中一個(gè)區(qū)域，沒有一個(gè)國(guó)家定期產(chǎn)生監(jiān)測(cè)有關(guān)指標(biāo)所需的數(shù)據(jù)。

我們需要有雄心的戰(zhàn)略和計(jì)劃，但同時(shí)也要?jiǎng)?wù)實(shí)和切合實(shí)際。自本世紀(jì)初以來(lái)，我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，可持續(xù)的衛(wèi)生改進(jìn)取決于運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)。我們必須建設(shè)各國(guó)的能力，而不是給它們過重的負(fù)擔(dān)。

我歡迎理事機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)注加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)問題。國(guó)際衛(wèi)生伙伴關(guān)系后續(xù)程序等倡議尤為重要，因?yàn)樗鼈冇兄谀芰ㄔO(shè)和自力更生，而那正是真正實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家自主的基礎(chǔ)。

我們有許多工作要做。

根據(jù)最近的估算，194個(gè)會(huì)員國(guó)中只有81個(gè)國(guó)家定期提交可用的死亡登記數(shù)據(jù)。這81個(gè)國(guó)家中，只有34個(gè)國(guó)家提供的數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量較高。

不論是在抗菌素耐藥性、疾病法定通報(bào)還是為姑息治療獲得阿片類鎮(zhèn)痛藥領(lǐng)域，你們的許多文件都提到有必要建立更強(qiáng)大的監(jiān)管控制和執(zhí)法體系。

對(duì)于藥品而言，只有約20%的會(huì)員國(guó)建立了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的監(jiān)管當(dāng)局，50% 的會(huì)員國(guó)監(jiān)管質(zhì)量參差不齊，還有30%幾乎沒有或者只有非常有限的監(jiān)管能力。

全世界約有27億人生活在沒有社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)覆蓋衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用的國(guó)家。在這種情況下，特別是隨著非傳染性疾病的昂貴負(fù)擔(dān)向發(fā)展中國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)移，衛(wèi)生怎么能發(fā)揮減貧的作用呢？

每當(dāng)我想起這些數(shù)據(jù)，我想到的是人，在我們這個(gè)高度不平等的世界上被拋在后面的人。我要感謝會(huì)員國(guó)和伙伴機(jī)構(gòu)致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)全民健康覆蓋。在我看來(lái)，這是全球衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域最積極、最有力的趨勢(shì)之一。

女士們、先生們，全世界再次面對(duì)同時(shí)發(fā)生的人道主義危機(jī)。這回是發(fā)生在敘利亞阿拉伯共和國(guó)、菲律賓、中非共和國(guó)和南蘇丹的四場(chǎng)危機(jī)。這些危機(jī)在眾目睽睽之下考驗(yàn)著世衛(wèi)組織的突發(fā)事件處理能力?？紤]到挑戰(zhàn)巨大，我認(rèn)為我們表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)。

我們繼續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)中東呼吸綜合征冠狀病毒以及H7N9和其它禽流感病毒（包括本月早些時(shí)候北美報(bào)告的第一例H5N1病毒）。我們的口號(hào)是保持警戒。

雖然不能確定地預(yù)測(cè)任何事情，但根據(jù)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)，這些病毒均未表現(xiàn)出有能力廣泛傳播或引起爆炸性疫情。但是，這種情況更加表明建設(shè)《國(guó)際衛(wèi)生條例（2005）》規(guī)定的發(fā)現(xiàn)、報(bào)告和應(yīng)對(duì)病例的核心能力的重要性。

如我所言，世衛(wèi)組織在應(yīng)對(duì)這些和諸多其它挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)必須具有戰(zhàn)略性和高度選擇性。這是世衛(wèi)組織改革的中心目的之一。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我總結(jié)一下改革進(jìn)程迄今所取得的一些成就。

已經(jīng)舉辦了兩次籌資對(duì)話會(huì)，并進(jìn)行了坦率、開放的討論。討論確定了資源可以更高效利用的領(lǐng)域，并就有助于節(jié)約資金的新補(bǔ)救措施提出了建議。

支持規(guī)劃預(yù)算的新網(wǎng)絡(luò)門戶公開提供相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，使人可以了解本組織收到的資金、資金去向和資金使用的預(yù)期結(jié)果。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)門戶被認(rèn)為對(duì)提高透明度大有裨益，因而受到歡迎。

進(jìn)一步籌資改革措施將加強(qiáng)本組織各層級(jí)相互協(xié)調(diào)的資金籌措工作。正采取措施使人力資源改革（包括簡(jiǎn)化招聘和選拔過程）與規(guī)劃需求、職員學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展需求及財(cái)政現(xiàn)狀相一致。

女士們、先生們，最后，我想談一談什么是在高影響領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出眾。

迄今，世衛(wèi)組織已經(jīng)對(duì)400余種醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了資格預(yù)審，包括去年的 62種產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織估計(jì)，這些努力和其它工作使全球疫苗供應(yīng)的 97%是質(zhì)量有保證的。全世界65%的嬰兒接種的是用經(jīng)世衛(wèi)組織資格預(yù)審的疫苗。

去年，《柳葉刀》雜志發(fā)表了由世衛(wèi)組織協(xié)調(diào)進(jìn)行的有關(guān)妊娠期嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥和“僥幸脫險(xiǎn)”情況的最大規(guī)模研究成果。該研究的結(jié)論是，如果不能從整體上提高孕產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理和急診服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，僅由醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)提供挽救生命的干預(yù)措施本身并不能降低孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率。

這就清楚地告訴我們，我們必須專注于提高衛(wèi)生保健質(zhì)量?，F(xiàn)正在100余家醫(yī)院試用的世衛(wèi)組織《安全分娩核對(duì)表》將幫助我們?cè)谶@方面取得進(jìn)步。這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的核對(duì)表，但迄今所獲得的證據(jù)表明，它可以對(duì)母嬰護(hù)理質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生重大影響。

為支持“每個(gè)婦女，每個(gè)兒童”戰(zhàn)略建立的問責(zé)框架為我們提供了以結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向組織并監(jiān)督發(fā)展工作的新模式。該框架確保進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的獨(dú)立監(jiān)督，這也是一個(gè)重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新。

我們看到，獲得并利用更好的信息可以觸發(fā)一系列事件，最終使衛(wèi)生結(jié)果得到改善。這一點(diǎn)在尼日爾表現(xiàn)得最為突出。作為世界上最窮的國(guó)家之一，獲得高質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于該國(guó)將兒童死亡率令人吃驚地降低43%發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。

事實(shí)上，我想我們有足夠證據(jù)表明，無(wú)論一個(gè)國(guó)家有多窮，只要它真正 想改善衛(wèi)生，它就可以做到。

去年12月，世衛(wèi)組織監(jiān)督消滅麥地那龍線蟲病工作的認(rèn)證委員會(huì)又宣布四個(gè)非洲國(guó)家無(wú)麥地那龍線蟲病。尼日利亞是其中之一。

消滅工作剛開始時(shí)，尼日利亞是該病的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)，每年報(bào)告65萬(wàn)余例麥地那龍線蟲病。從那個(gè)數(shù)字降到零是一項(xiàng)巨大成就，必須加以贊揚(yáng)。關(guān)注非洲消息的人會(huì)知道無(wú)麥地那龍線蟲病認(rèn)證對(duì)尼日利亞及其總統(tǒng)意味著什么。尼總統(tǒng)還承諾也消滅脊灰。

尼日利亞的認(rèn)證讓我們總結(jié)了經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。病例監(jiān)測(cè)和謠言調(diào)查是與脊灰免疫團(tuán)隊(duì)攜手進(jìn)行的。

正是這種攜手使我們能夠最有效地使用總是非常有限的人力和財(cái)政資 源，并產(chǎn)生巨大的可衡量影響。

在消滅脊灰方面，印度也是我們的光輝榜樣。該國(guó)已三年未出現(xiàn)病例。這樣，整個(gè)東南亞區(qū)域?qū)⒑芸炜梢垣@得無(wú)脊灰認(rèn)證。

當(dāng)然還有許多其它例子，但我承諾發(fā)言要簡(jiǎn)短。

謝謝大家。