第一篇：口譯心得體會(huì)專(zhuān)題

口譯課心得體會(huì)

這學(xué)期又迎來(lái)了新的挑戰(zhàn)，那就是口譯，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯。以前看過(guò)口譯大賽，覺(jué)得他們都好棒，好優(yōu)秀，中文剛剛說(shuō)完，英文馬上就翻譯好了，即興翻譯的速度好快。想著什么時(shí)候自己也可以達(dá)到這樣的水平。剛開(kāi)始我們的訓(xùn)練是分組進(jìn)行，每組有口譯人員，有中文翻譯，秘書(shū)，每個(gè)人都有自己的角色。這樣每個(gè)人都有發(fā)揮自己的機(jī)會(huì)，鍛煉的機(jī)會(huì)。

等真正輪到自己了才知道口譯是那么的難，要想做好口譯就要做足充分的準(zhǔn)備，還得具備一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，要想翻譯好就得平時(shí)多練，不然也是發(fā)揮不好的。準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間不夠的話也是發(fā)揮不出自己的水平，如果沒(méi)有多練習(xí)，上臺(tái)的話會(huì)緊張，緊張就會(huì)忘詞了。剛開(kāi)始我們是第一組，準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間不足，得到了話題還要考慮中英文怎么說(shuō)才可以讓同學(xué)們聽(tīng)明白，怎樣才運(yùn)用得當(dāng)。這就是考我們知識(shí)運(yùn)用的時(shí)候了，要如何才能發(fā)揮我們最好的水平。翻譯結(jié)束還要進(jìn)行總結(jié)，總結(jié)自己這組的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，以便加以改進(jìn)。也看過(guò)同學(xué)們的口譯，只要是準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間充分，就發(fā)揮得很好，如果是匆匆忙忙的話就會(huì)失了水準(zhǔn)。經(jīng)過(guò)幾次的練習(xí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)整體上都得到了提高，不再怯場(chǎng)了。

為什么我們要學(xué)習(xí)口譯課呢？也許很多人都會(huì)說(shuō)，以后我又不從事翻譯工作，也許以后都不當(dāng)老師，為什么還要學(xué)習(xí)它呢，每個(gè)人的追求不同。我想說(shuō)的是作為以英語(yǔ)為專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生，學(xué)習(xí)口譯課是很有必要的。那么學(xué)習(xí)它有什么好處呢，其實(shí)口譯只是我們英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的一個(gè)基本技能，雙語(yǔ)人才必須具備這樣的能力。它既能使我們了解我們的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在，又能提高我們的能力，何樂(lè)而不為呢？那么學(xué)習(xí)口譯到底需要什么基礎(chǔ)和態(tài)度呢？在我看來(lái)，只要具備能聽(tīng)懂漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)，能用它們較為自如地表達(dá)（無(wú)論筆頭還是口頭）的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)就可以了。語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)終生的過(guò)程，沒(méi)有輸入就沒(méi)有輸出。在學(xué)習(xí)口譯的過(guò)程中，我們會(huì)漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)自身的不足，就會(huì)自覺(jué)地去彌補(bǔ)，從而使語(yǔ)言功底越來(lái)越好。我認(rèn)為最重要的不是基礎(chǔ)，而是你的態(tài)度，就像我們上口譯課那樣，很多人都不來(lái)上課，這樣的話你不練習(xí)你怎么知道你的優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)呢？不練習(xí)你的能力怎么會(huì)提高呢？很多時(shí)候決定你的成功是看你的態(tài)度?？谧g最重要的三個(gè)能力就是：聽(tīng)力、記憶和表達(dá)。這三項(xiàng)能力的訓(xùn)練必須以口譯為中心，通過(guò)練習(xí)得到口譯水平的提高，提高理解能力是關(guān)鍵。更重要的是心理素質(zhì)要過(guò)關(guān)，在翻譯的過(guò)程中要有足夠的內(nèi)心應(yīng)對(duì)出現(xiàn)的沒(méi)聽(tīng)清的單詞，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的干擾等。在各種環(huán)境下都能保持鎮(zhèn)靜的心態(tài)，冷靜的頭腦和不徐不慢的語(yǔ)速，并且要充滿自信。平時(shí)要在人多的場(chǎng)合多發(fā)言并提高自己處理突發(fā)事件的能力。對(duì)各學(xué)科的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)要有一定的了解，這樣才能在翻譯的過(guò)程中才不會(huì)慌亂。要有很強(qiáng)的學(xué)習(xí)能力，對(duì)外國(guó)的政治有一定的了解，特別是國(guó)家每年的新政策，要保持一顆對(duì)周?chē)屡d事物的好奇心，對(duì)新出現(xiàn)的名詞，不僅要了解其對(duì)應(yīng)的英文表達(dá)還要了解其含義。在口譯中要注意表達(dá)的邏輯性，這就要訓(xùn)練我們的邏輯思考能力和對(duì)說(shuō)話人大意的總結(jié)能力，分清主次。

學(xué)習(xí)口譯的技巧，我覺(jué)得我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常練習(xí)，通過(guò)背誦，復(fù)述的形式來(lái)提高自己的記憶力。還要重視課堂練習(xí)，提高心理承受能力的好辦法就是把上課的任務(wù)當(dāng)成是一次真實(shí)的口譯，這樣可以提高課堂學(xué)習(xí)效率，也可以逐漸適應(yīng)在有壓力下的環(huán)境完成口譯任務(wù)。把握上課發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì)，有意識(shí)的把自己想象成專(zhuān)業(yè)的口譯人員。還要多朗讀中英文章，學(xué)會(huì)以平穩(wěn)自信的聲音發(fā)言，即使是內(nèi)心緊張也不要在聲音上體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。往往我們一緊張聲音就會(huì)發(fā)抖，所以我們要克服這種現(xiàn)象。

總而言之，口譯最重要的是要大量練習(xí)，不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)和進(jìn)行總結(jié)，漢語(yǔ)的含義豐富，英語(yǔ)中也有很多近義詞，在遇到不同的意義時(shí)要快速的在腦中反應(yīng)，能用哪些簡(jiǎn)單的詞去替換我們不懂得翻譯的詞，這樣練習(xí)多了我們的口譯水平就會(huì)得到提高了。

第二篇：口譯學(xué)習(xí)心得體會(huì)

My Reflection of the Interpreting Course It’s really lucky for me to have taken the course of interpreting skills this term by Ms Yu, because this course really benefits me a lot.Above all, my listening skills have been improved to a much higher level than before through interpreting learning.We all know that, without a good listening to catch what the speakers say in source language, it would be impossible for us interpreters to transform it into the target language.Listening is the first and primary step for English learners to be a good interpreter.Keeping this realization in the mind, I pay my special attention to the study of listening.In the class, the routine of news listening always reminds me of the importance of listening towards this course.Nowadays, I have less difficulty in understanding what foreigners say in daily life.I can still follow speakers without referring to the Chinese translation when I watch movies.It is the Interpreting Course that pushes me to listen to English every day so as to avoid being rusty on the skills.I appreciate this class, not only because it helps to improve my listening ability, but also it makes me form a habit of listening to English every day.We are not English native speakers, so it is preeminently important for us learners to listen to it all the time so that we can immense ourselves in the atmosphere surrounded by English language.In the following days, the good habit will continue to accompany me.Keep listening, and I believe one day my listening skills will reach the level that a qualified interpreter should do.Another benefit I have got from the class is the improvement of my spoken English.Admittedly, an interpreter must be bilingually capable of not only listening but also speaking.Interpreting requires you to express in target language what you’ve got from the source language on the basis of understanding.In this sense, only being a good listener is not enough at all.When I knew the fact in the first class of this course, I really felt a big challenge in front of me.Spoken English was always my strongest weakness.Each time I tried to speak out English, the poor pronunciation and intonation can not be endured even by myself, still less by my listeners.So I chose to shut up my mouth.Avoid speaking it and then you would avoid discomfort and being frustrated by it, which was always the way I used to comfort myself before taking the class.However, things change now.The Interpreting Course is different from the courses we have learned before.In the class of listening, reading, grammar and writing, most of the time is spent listening to the teachers’ speech and no one will blame you if you choose to be silent.In this course, however, you have to speak out English, whether you like it or not.However, there still exist some problems after taking the class.Firstly, I find that different regional accents that English speakers have are the big obstacle for us English learners to overcome.We have indeed studied the foreign language for many years, but just focused on the standard English.So, when we listen to some non-standard English in our coursebook, we can hardly understand what the speakers are saying, not to mention interpret it.This gives us a reminder that you need to have a good mastery of different kinds of varieties of English, not just the Standard English if you as an interpreter want to perform well on different occasions.Secondly, the huge psychology stress is also a big problem we always meet when interpreting.When we learn the course, actually, we do the job in an ideal environment.We just listen to the sound recordings and interpret to ourselves.What only matters is our professional skill.However, interpreting in the real situation is not such a simple case at all.Psychology stress is a good example.The occasion, the persons you serve for, the atmosphere, all these things may cause your tension during your job and therefore bring a bad effect on your performance.Mistakes, embarrassment caused by stage fright occur very often.So, what we should do now to help us overcome psychology stress in the future’s interpreting job? Maybe, the best way is just to put yourself in the real situation.The more you have experienced, the more capable you would become of dealing with unexpected conditions.Therefore, if I’m asked whether I have some advice for our teaching, this is all I want to say—creating some chances for students to practice their interpreting theory and skills in the practical use.Possibly if will be a tough job, but it really can benefit us a lot!I always stick to this point and never doubt about it that we will get better and better in interpreting,with the help of Ms Yu.

第三篇：口譯材料

詞法、句法翻譯

一、對(duì)等譯法

在翻譯過(guò)程中，我們一般都可以在譯文語(yǔ)言中找到同原文中某個(gè)單詞、詞組或成語(yǔ)意義上的對(duì)等表達(dá)。因此，對(duì)等譯法是翻譯中最常用、最重要的翻譯方法。我們?cè)诜g中必須注意譯文中所采用的對(duì)等表達(dá)是名符其實(shí)的對(duì)等表達(dá)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，漢英兩種語(yǔ)言中單詞的對(duì)等率最高，而詞組、成語(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)的對(duì)等率就要相對(duì)低一些。請(qǐng)看下面各組對(duì)等譯法的實(shí)例。

(一)單詞

1)television(名詞)電視 2)electricity(名詞)電 3)wheat(名詞)小麥 4)坐(動(dòng)詞)sit 5)小(形容詞)small 6)和(連接詞)and 總的說(shuō)來(lái)，漢英兩種語(yǔ)言中單詞的對(duì)等程度要高一些，一方面是單詞的文化背景比較簡(jiǎn)單，另一方面是單詞本身的語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)然，兩種語(yǔ)言中存在著差異的“對(duì)等”單詞也有不少，例如：從語(yǔ)義上來(lái)講，“杯子”并不完全對(duì)等于 “cup”，而是對(duì)等于 “cup + mug + glass +?”，“桌子”的對(duì)等表達(dá)是 “table + desk”，從感情色彩上來(lái)講，“宣傳”并不完全對(duì)等于 “propaganda”，“農(nóng)民”并不完全對(duì)等于 “peasant”，“地主”也并不完全對(duì)等于“l(fā)andlord”。

(二)成語(yǔ)

7)cut in a joke 插科打諢 8)speak one's mind 暢所欲言 9)be after one's own heart 稱心如意 10)at one's finger-tips 了如指掌 11)fish in troubled waters 混水摸魚(yú) 12)thousands upon thousands of 成千上萬(wàn) 13)in deep water 水深火熱 14)turn up one's nose at 嗤之以鼻 15)skin and bones 皮包骨頭 16)touch and go 一觸即發(fā) 17)from the cradle to the grave 一生一世 18)hit the nail on the head 一語(yǔ)道破

19)充耳不聞 turn a deaf ear to 20)出人頭地 be head and shoulders above other 21)吹毛求疵 pick a hole in sb’s coat 22)破釜沉舟 burn one's boat 23)大驚小怪 make a fuss about 24)大海撈針 look for a needle in a bundle of hay 25)顛倒黑白 talk black into white 26)得意忘形 have one's nose in the air 27)攀龍附鳳 worship the rising sun 28)大發(fā)雷霆 hit the ceiling；fly into a rage 29)騎虎難下 ho1d a wolf by the ears 30)視而不見(jiàn) turn a blind eye to 成語(yǔ)的對(duì)等是從3個(gè)方面體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的，一個(gè)是比喻意義，一個(gè)是比喻形式，再一個(gè)是感情色彩。三者中比喻意義是最重要的，當(dāng)三者發(fā)生矛盾時(shí)，我們得優(yōu)先保留比喻意義。感情色彩的對(duì)等同比喻意義的對(duì)等幾乎同樣重要。如果感情色彩不對(duì)等，這條成語(yǔ)就肯定不能用。至于比喻形式，能對(duì)等則應(yīng)盡量對(duì)等，實(shí)在對(duì)等不了，就應(yīng)當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，大膽放棄。

(三)諺語(yǔ)

31)Look before you leap． 三思而后行。32)Make hay while the sun shines． 趁熱打鐵。33)There is no smoke without fire． 無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。34)Ill news travels fast． 惡事傳千里。35)Practice makes perfect． 熟能生巧。36)欲速則不達(dá)。More haste，less speed．

37)出門(mén)一里，不如家里。East and west，home is best．

38)拉入籃里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net． 39)皇天不負(fù)苦心人。Everything comes to him who waits． 40)小巫見(jiàn)大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines．

諺語(yǔ)和成語(yǔ)一樣，其漢英兩種語(yǔ)言中的對(duì)等大多數(shù)也是從比喻意義、比喻形式和感情色彩等3方面體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。同樣，比喻意義的對(duì)等是最重要的，是翻譯中必須做到的，感情色彩的對(duì)等幾乎是同等重要，不可忽視，在保證這兩方面的基礎(chǔ)上，再來(lái)考慮比喻形式的對(duì)等。有不少諺語(yǔ)根本不包含比喻，也就不存在比喻形式的問(wèn)題。有的諺語(yǔ)雖有比喻形式，但其比喻并不明顯，去尋求這種形式上的對(duì)等翻譯意義不大。

(四)英譯漢句子翻譯實(shí)例

41)I took the news with a grain of salt．我對(duì)這個(gè)消息半信半疑。

42)Unless you’ve got an ace up your sleeve，we are dished．除非你有錦囊妙計(jì)，否則，我們是輸定了。

43)He went through fire and flood to save his mother．他赴湯蹈火去救他的母親。

44)You have a lucky star above you．你真是福星高照.45)She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.她在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上真是進(jìn)退維谷。

46)He is reaping what he has sown．他這是咎由自取。

47)She is an easy-going woman．She always throws her cares to the winds．她是個(gè)大大咧咧的女人，總是把憂愁拋至九霄云外。

48)That fellow is always fair without but foul within．那個(gè)家伙總是口蜜腹劍。49)That little girl has a ready tongue．那個(gè)小姑娘真是伶牙俐齒的。

50)The light-fingered gentry frequented these shops．梁上君子經(jīng)常光顧這些商店。

上面10個(gè)例句中的原文都包含1條英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，而且都非常形象。10個(gè)譯文都成功地使用了對(duì)等譯法，都用對(duì)等的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)進(jìn)行翻譯，不但做到了比喻意義和感情色彩的對(duì)等，而且盡可能做到了比喻形式的對(duì)等。成語(yǔ)與翻譯

一、英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)漢譯

英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)以其精辟、形象、生動(dòng)等特點(diǎn)，牢固地確立了它在英語(yǔ)中的重要地位。無(wú)論是在書(shū)面語(yǔ)言中，還是口頭語(yǔ)言里，英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)都發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越顯著的作用，其數(shù)量正在日益擴(kuò)大、其質(zhì)量也在不斷升華。因此，英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的漢譯已成為翻譯工作中的突出問(wèn)題。

譯好英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)并非易事。請(qǐng)看下面一例：

He was in the seventh heaven last night．誤譯：1)他昨晚到七重天去了。(七重天賓館?)2)他咋晚去極樂(lè)世界了。3)他昨晚見(jiàn)上帝去了。4)他昨晚升天了。5)他昨晚歸西了。

6)他昨晚見(jiàn)馬克思去了。

?? ??

許多人把in the seventh heaven同“升天”、“死”的概念聯(lián)系起來(lái)。這是由望文生義而引起的理解錯(cuò)誤。Longman Dictionary or English Idioms對(duì)這條成語(yǔ)所作的釋義是“(not formal)in a state of great happiness or contentment”(非常高興的，非常愉快的，非常滿意的)。這條成語(yǔ)同宗教有關(guān)，七重天是指上帝和天使居住的天國(guó)最高層。言下之意，人能身居天國(guó)最高層、與上帝同處，自然是非常愉快的。因此，這條成語(yǔ)漢譯時(shí)一定要從“愉快”、“高興”的意義出發(fā)，如：“歡天喜地”、“欣喜若狂”、“喜出望外”、“大喜過(guò)望”、“興高采烈”、“樂(lè)不可支”、“其樂(lè)無(wú)窮”、“心花怒放”等。

再看一個(gè)in the seventh heaven漢譯的例句：

The children are in the seventh heaven with their new toys．這些孩子因有了新的玩具而歡天喜地。

接下來(lái)，我們通過(guò)英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)來(lái)探討一下英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的翻譯。

英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)可分兩類(lèi)。一類(lèi)是平鋪直敘的，既無(wú)很深的含義，也無(wú)難解的典故，只是用詞與搭配相對(duì)地固定。如：

1)knit one's brow 皺眉頭

2)last but not least 最后但不是最不重要的一點(diǎn) 3)laugh in sb's face 當(dāng)面嘲笑

4)lay sth to heart 把某事放在心上 5)have pity on sb 同情某人

對(duì)這類(lèi)成語(yǔ)，我們只需從字面上去理解，翻譯起來(lái)不會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)什么問(wèn)題，直接照字面譯就是了。

另一類(lèi)英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，有著相當(dāng)明顯的比喻意義，其中不少有著一定的歷史或神話典故。這類(lèi)成語(yǔ)中，有一部分因使用范圍廣、歷史久，其字面意義和比喻意義都能為中國(guó)讀者所接受。如：

1)Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬——比喻暗藏的敵人或危險(xiǎn) 2)tower of ivory 象牙之塔——比喻世外桃源 3)sour grapes 酸葡萄——相當(dāng)于阿Q精神 4)Sphinx's riddle 斯芬克司之謎——比喻難解之謎

5)as wise as Solomon 像所羅門(mén)一樣聰明——比喻非常富有智慧 6)the fifth column 第五縱隊(duì)——比喻間諜 7)a Judas kiss 猶大之吻——比喻背叛行為 8)crocodile tears 鱷魚(yú)眼淚——比喻假慈悲 9)wash one's hands of 洗手不干——撒手不管

10)new wine in old bottles 舊瓶裝新酒——舊形式不適合新內(nèi)容

對(duì)這部分英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，我們可以直接翻譯它們的字面意義，因?yàn)橐话阒袊?guó)讀者都能理解這部分成語(yǔ)字面意義后面的比喻意義。

這一類(lèi)英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)中的另一部分，由于其文化背景的緣故，中國(guó)讀者還不能通過(guò)它們的字面意義來(lái)理解它們的比喻意義。如：

1)in a pig's whisper 低聲地；頃刻間 2)draw blood 傷人感情，惹人生氣 3)hang on sb's sleeve 依賴某人，任某人做主 4)hang on sb's lips 對(duì)某人言聽(tīng)計(jì)從 5)make a monkey of 愚弄

6)to be full of beans 精神旺盛，精力充沛 7)bend an ear to 聚精會(huì)神地聽(tīng)，傾聽(tīng)

8)get cold feet 開(kāi)始感到懷疑、膽怯或害怕 9)a skeleton at the feast 掃興的人或東西 10)bury one's head in the sand 采取鴕鳥(niǎo)政策

對(duì)這部分英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，我們可以避開(kāi)其字面意義，直接譯出它們的比喻意義，以便中國(guó)讀者更好地理解和接受。

英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)有不少在比喻上同漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)非常相似，我們完全可以用這些相似的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)。如：

1)burn the boat 破釜沉舟 2)castle in the air 空中樓閣 3)a bolt from the blue 晴天霹靂 4)six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八兩 5)after one's own heart 正中下懷 6)one's hair stands on end 毛發(fā)倒豎 7)kill two birds with one stone 一箭雙雕 8)show the cloven hoof 露出馬腳 9)hang by a hair 千鈞一發(fā) 10)kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 殺雞取卵

大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)是無(wú)法在漢語(yǔ)中找到比喻相同或相似的對(duì)等成語(yǔ)的。但英漢成語(yǔ)之間形異卻意同的對(duì)等現(xiàn)象有許多。翻譯時(shí)，我們也不妨采用這些對(duì)等成語(yǔ)。如： 1)have an axe to grind 別有用心 2)talk through one's hat 胡言亂語(yǔ) 3)to be as poor as Job 家徒四壁 4)neither fish nor fowl 不倫不類(lèi) 5)no respecter of persons 一視同仁 6)leave no stone unturned 千方百計(jì)

7)hole and corner 偷偷摸摸；鬼鬼祟祟 8)a fly in the ointment 美中不足 9)by the skin of one's teeth 九死一生 10)call a spade a spade 直言不諱

同一條英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，我們可根據(jù)具體的上下文，譯成許多同義的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)：如： 1)reap what one has sown 自作自受；自食其果；自掘墳?zāi)?；飛蛾撲火；

咎由自??；玩火自焚；惹火燒身；作繭自縛 2)be on tenterhooks 坐立不安；如坐針氈；局促不安；心亂如麻；

心煩意亂；七上八下；六神無(wú)主；手足無(wú)措

多條同義英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)也能找到多條對(duì)等的同義漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，這自然在很大的程度上增加了翻譯的靈活性。如：

fish in the air 水中撈月 cry for the moon 挑雪填井 plough the sands 揚(yáng)湯止沸 make a wild-goose chase 緣木求魚(yú) hold a candle to the sun 鉆冰求酥 catch at shadows 以冰致蠅 lash the waves 以貍餌鼠 beat the air 隔靴搔癢

最后，我們講一下翻譯英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)：切莫望文生義。有一些英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)同一些漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，在形式上非常相似，使我們一讀到這些英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，立刻就聯(lián)想到那些漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)或習(xí)慣說(shuō)法。其實(shí)，兩者之間形似意不似，貌合神離。如： 1)pull sb's leg 誤譯：拉后腿

正譯：愚弄某人，開(kāi)某人的玩笑

2)move heaven and earth 誤譯：翻天覆地

正譯：想方設(shè)法，千方百計(jì) 3)child's play 誤譯：兒戲

正譯：簡(jiǎn)單的東西，容易的事情 4)eat one's words 誤譯：食言

正譯：承認(rèn)自己說(shuō)了錯(cuò)話

5)dog-eat-dog 誤譯：狗咬狗

正譯：殘酷爭(zhēng)奪，人吃人的關(guān)系

由此可見(jiàn)，翻譯英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)決非易事。我們既要做到理解正確，又要注意表達(dá)得體；既要提倡使用對(duì)等的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，又要防止望文生義、生搬硬套。

二、漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)英譯

漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的定義為：言簡(jiǎn)意賅、生動(dòng)形象、比一般詞語(yǔ)有著更強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)力、歷來(lái)為人們所喜歡用的一種精粹的語(yǔ)言材料。漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，絕大部分以四字格形式出現(xiàn)，約占百分之九十七。以四字格為主體的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)不少于一萬(wàn)條，在政論、文藝、科技等文體中都起著極其重要的作用。在漢英翻譯中，漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的處理自然是一個(gè)不可忽視的問(wèn)題。

以前曾有人把“胸有成竹”翻譯成“have a bamboo in his stomach”，這是事故?還是奇跡?鬧了一場(chǎng)不小的笑話。其實(shí)，這條成語(yǔ)很難從字面上進(jìn)行翻譯。它出自蘇軾原語(yǔ)，意思是說(shuō)，畫(huà)家在畫(huà)竹之前，先必須在腦子里產(chǎn)生竹的形象，比喻在做事之前心里已經(jīng)有全面的考慮。對(duì)這條成語(yǔ)，我們只能譯出它的比喻意義：“to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth”，也可用一條意義相等的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)套譯：“to have a card up one's sleeve”。

哪些漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)可根據(jù)其字面意義翻譯?哪些只能翻譯比喻意義呢?這完全取決于漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的字面形式和比喻形象能否為譯文讀者所接受。例如，“胸有成竹”譯成“have a bamboo in his stomach'’，不用說(shuō)外國(guó)讀者無(wú)法理解，就是我們了解漢英兩種語(yǔ)言與文化的人也不能接受。因?yàn)樽g文所產(chǎn)生的形象與原文的比喻并不一致。

我們?cè)賮?lái)看一條漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)翻譯的實(shí)例： ’

黛玉道：“跌了燈值錢(qián)呢，還是跌了人值錢(qián)?你又穿不慣木屐子。那燈籠叫他們前頭點(diǎn)著；這個(gè)又輕巧又亮，原是雨里自己拿著的。你自己手里拿著這個(gè)，豈不好?明兒再送來(lái)?！褪Я耸忠灿邢薜模趺春鋈挥肿兂鲞@‘剖腹藏珠’的脾氣來(lái)!”(曹雪芹：《紅樓夢(mèng)》，第四十五回)“Which is more valuable，lamp or man? You're not used to wearing pattens．So get them to carry the horn lantern in front and take this one yourself，since it's handy and bright and meant to be used in the rain． Wouldn't that be better? You can send it back later．And even if you drop it，it won't matter．What's come over you suddenly that you want to ‘cut open your stomach to hide a pearl’?”(translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)“剖腹藏珠”直接按字面譯成“cut open your stomach to hide a pearl”，原文中“為了一點(diǎn)小利益而犧牲大利益”的形象比喻，在譯文中也是那樣的栩栩如生，完全能為譯文讀者所接受，使他們獲得了英語(yǔ)對(duì)等成語(yǔ)-“penny wise and pound foolish”同樣的效果。

由此可見(jiàn)，如果英文讀者能像中文讀者一樣，從漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的比喻中獲得正確而又生動(dòng)形象效果，我們便可采用像上例“剖腹藏珠”那樣的直譯方法。

下面的英譯按原文的字面翻譯，其比喻效果同原文一樣生動(dòng)，譯文使讀者能很快聯(lián)想起英文中的對(duì)等成語(yǔ)。如：

1)竭澤而漁to drain a pond to catch all the fish(相當(dāng)于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)2)打草驚蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake(相當(dāng)于wake a sleeping dog)3)易如反掌to be as easy as turning over one s nano(相當(dāng)于as easy as falling off a log)4)玩火自焚to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself(相當(dāng)于fry in one's own grease)5)揮金如土to spend money like dirt(相當(dāng)于spend money like water)6)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm(相當(dāng)于the apple of one's eye)7)對(duì)牛彈琴to play the lute to a cow(相當(dāng)于cast pearls before swine)8)守口如瓶to keep one's mouth closed like a bottle(相當(dāng)于keep a still tongue in one's head)9)雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather(相當(dāng)于help a lame dog over a stile)10)畫(huà)蛇添足to draw a snake and add feet to it(相當(dāng)于paint the lily)不少漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)不一定有非常對(duì)等的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，但它們的字面翻譯也能使譯文讀者得到正確無(wú)誤的形象意義。如：

1)聲東擊西to shout in the east and strike in the west 2)刻骨銘心to be engraved on one's heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)調(diào)虎離山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹劍to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 有些漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)并沒(méi)有形象的比喻意義，它們的字面意義也就是它們的實(shí)際意義。對(duì)這些成語(yǔ)，我們當(dāng)然可以采取字面翻譯。如：

1)勞苦功高to have spent toilsome labour and won distinctive merits 2)屢教不改to fail to mend one's ways after repeated admonition 3)罕不可破to be so strongly built as to be indestructible 4)攻其不備to strike sb when he is unprepared 5)史無(wú)前例to be without precedent in history 在不影響原義的前提下，我們應(yīng)盡量采用這種按字面進(jìn)行翻譯的直譯方法來(lái)處理漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，從而更好地傳達(dá)出原文的形式、意義和精神。

然而，漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)并非每條都能按字面翻譯。有些成語(yǔ)的比喻形象是譯文讀者所不能接受的。如果把“眉飛色舞”死譯成“his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing，這勢(shì)必會(huì)貽笑大方，使譯文讀者不知所云，莫明其妙。我們可根據(jù)該成語(yǔ)的實(shí)際意義靈活地翻譯成“to beam with joy”。再看下面的譯例： 1)粗枝大葉to be crude and careless(死譯：with big branches and large leaves、2)無(wú)孔不入to take advantage of every weakness(死譯：to get into every hole)3)揚(yáng)眉吐氣to feel proud and elated(死譯：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)4)燈紅酒綠dissipated and luxurious(死譯：with red lights and green wine)5)紙醉金迷(a life of)luxury and dissipation(死譯：with drunken paper and bewitched gold)6)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山to come straight to the point(死譯：to open the door and see the mountain)7)單槍匹馬to be single-handed in doing sth(死譯：with a solitary spear and a single horse)8)大張旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale(死譯：to make a great array of flags and drums)9)海闊天空(to talk)at random(死譯：with a vast sea and a boundless sky)10)風(fēng)雨飄搖(of a situation)being unstable(死譯：The wind and rain are rocking．)有一部分漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)帶著一定的中國(guó)文化背景，有的成語(yǔ)在字面上就含有中國(guó)古代的人名、地名，有的出自寓言或歷史的典故。對(duì)這部分成語(yǔ)，字面翻譯是無(wú)法為外國(guó)讀者所接受的。如加上許多解釋性文字，就失去了成語(yǔ)精粹的特點(diǎn)。我們最好的辦法就是繞開(kāi)其文化背景，譯出其真正的內(nèi)涵意義。

1)毛遂自薦to volunteer one's service(毛遂——戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期人名)2)葉公好龍professed love of what one really fears(葉公——

中國(guó)古代傳說(shuō)中的人名)3)東施效顰crude imitation with ludicrous effect(東施——中

國(guó)古代一丑女的名字)4)南柯一夢(mèng)a fond dream or illusory joy(南柯——中國(guó)古代傳說(shuō)夢(mèng)中地名)5)四面楚歌to be besieged on all sides(楚——戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期國(guó)名)6)錙銖必較to haggle over every penny(錙銖——中國(guó)古代重量單位)7)罄竹難書(shū)(of crimes)too numerous to mention(竹——中國(guó)

等國(guó)紙發(fā)明以前寫(xiě)字用的竹簡(jiǎn))8)初出茅廬at the beginning of one's career(此典故出自《三國(guó)演義》)9)傾城傾國(guó)to be exceedingly beautiful(此典故出自《漢書(shū)》)10)懸梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study(此典故出自《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》和《漢書(shū)》)

有許多漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)在意義上是對(duì)等的，我們可用英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)來(lái)翻譯這部分漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)，給譯文讀者一種生動(dòng)感和親切感。如：

1)小題大做make a mountain out of a molehill 2)赴湯蹈火go through fire and water 3)洗心革面turn over a new leaf 4)七顛八倒at sixes and sevens 5)橫行霸道throw one's weight about 6)大發(fā)雷霆blow one's top 7)過(guò)河拆橋kick down the ladder 8)乳臭未干be wet behind the ears 9)格格不入be like square pegs in round holes 10)魂不附體jump out of one's skin

還有這種情況，多條詞義漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)里的任何一條可用對(duì)等的多條同義英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)中的任何一條來(lái)翻譯。如：

左右為難 between the devil and the deep sea 進(jìn)退維谷 stick in the mud 騎虎難下 between the horns of a dilemma 左支右絀 between two fires 跋前躓后 in a fix(dilemma／quandary／predicament)羝羊觸藩 in a cleft stick 不上不下 at a nonplus ．

進(jìn)退兩難 hold a wolf by the ears 無(wú)所適從 with one's back to the wall 莫衷一是_ between Scylla and Charybdis 總而言之，翻譯漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保留原文形象，能直譯則盡量直譯，即按字面翻譯。不能直譯時(shí)，我們不能因詞害義，應(yīng)該翻譯其實(shí)際意義。如能在英文中找到意義完全對(duì)等的成語(yǔ)，我們也可采用這種套譯法。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，正規(guī)文體中，漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)多采用形象的逐字翻譯，非正規(guī)文體中，多采用簡(jiǎn)潔的大意翻譯。

第四篇：口譯材料

一、2010胡錦濤新年祝詞

英文節(jié)選

The New Year's bell is about to ring, and 2010 is soon to begin.At this beautiful moment of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, and via China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television, I'm delighted to extend New Year wishes to Chinese of all ethnic groups, to compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, to overseas Chinese and to friends all over the world!

中文選譯

新年的鐘聲就要敲響，2010年的帷幕即將拉開(kāi)。在這辭舊迎新的美好時(shí)刻，我很高興通過(guò)中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)、中央人民廣播電臺(tái)和中央電視臺(tái)，向全國(guó)各族人民，向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，向世界各國(guó)的朋友們，致以新年的祝福！

二、胡錦濤:慶祝新中國(guó)成立60周年講話

2009年10月1日上午10時(shí)，首都各界慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立60周年大會(huì)在北京舉行，天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)舉行了隆重的大閱兵和群眾游行活動(dòng)。中共中央總書(shū)記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席胡錦濤檢閱受閱部隊(duì)后，在天安門(mén)城樓上發(fā)表重要講話。

英文節(jié)選

On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the Central Military Commission, I hereby pay tribute to all the revolutionary pioneers of older generations and martyrs who made great contributions to realizing national independence and liberation of the people, the country’s prosperity and strength and happy life of the people.I send warm congratulations to people from all ethnic groups in the country and patriotic compatriots from home and abroad, and express heartfelt thanks to the friends from other countries who care about and support China's development.三、口譯短語(yǔ)積累

revisiting the past will gibe people new inspirations

溫故知新 wealth gap

貧富差距 research results

研究結(jié)果

第五篇：口譯材料

英國(guó)內(nèi)閣的首腦為首相（Prime Minister），其他組成人員有： First Lord of the Treasury 第一財(cái)政大臣（首相兼任）Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣 Lord President of the Council 樞密院大臣 Lord Chancellor 大法官

Secretary of State for the Home Department and Minister for Welsh Affairs 內(nèi)政和威爾士事務(wù)大臣

Chancellor of the Exchequer 財(cái)政大臣

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 蘭開(kāi)斯特公爵郡大臣

Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons 掌皇大臣兼下院領(lǐng)袖 Minister of Defence 國(guó)防大臣

Secretary of state for Commonwealth Relations 聯(lián)邦關(guān)系事務(wù)大臣 Secretary of State for the Colonies 殖民地事務(wù)大臣 Secretary of State for Scotland 蘇格蘭事務(wù)大臣 Minister of Labour and National Service 勞工大臣

Minister for Housing and Local Government 住房及地方政府事物大臣 Minister of Town and Country Planning 都市及鄉(xiāng)村計(jì)劃大臣 Minister of Health 衛(wèi)生大臣 Minister of Education 教育大臣

President of the Board of Trade 貿(mào)易大臣

Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries 農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)大臣

Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 年金及國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)大臣

此外還有非內(nèi)閣閣員的政府部門(mén)首長(zhǎng)： First Lord Of the Admiralty 海軍大臣 secretary of State for War 陸軍大臣 Secretary of State for Air 空軍大臣 Minister of Fuel and Power 燃料電力大臣 Minister of Transport 運(yùn)輸大臣 Minister of Supply 供應(yīng)大臣

Minister of Economic Affairs 經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)大臣 Minister of Food 糧食大臣

Minister of Civil Aviation 民航大臣 Minister of Works 工程大臣 Paymaster General 主計(jì)大臣 Labor secretary 勞工部長(zhǎng) Postmaster General 郵政大臣 Attorney-General 檢查總長(zhǎng) Sollcitor-General 副檢查總長(zhǎng) Lord Advocate 蘇格蘭檢察總長(zhǎng)

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)以下設(shè)十個(gè)行政主管，分掌國(guó)政，形成一個(gè)內(nèi)閣： Secretary of State 國(guó)務(wù)卿

Secretary of the Treasury 財(cái)政部長(zhǎng) Secretary of Defense 國(guó)防部長(zhǎng) General 司法部長(zhǎng)

Postmaster General 郵政管理局長(zhǎng) Interior Secretary 內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng) Agriculture Secretary 農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng) Commerce Secretary 商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)

在第二輪中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話開(kāi)幕式上的致辭 中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院國(guó)務(wù)委員 戴秉國(guó)

2010年5月24日 北京

Remarks by State Councilor Dai Bingguo At the Opening Session of the Second Round of The China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues

Beijing, 24 May 2010

尊敬的克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿、蓋特納財(cái)長(zhǎng)，尊敬的王岐山副總理，女士們、先生們、朋友們：

Secretary Clinton, Secretary Geithner, Vice Premier Wang Qishan, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, 五月的北京，滿城綠色。在這美好的季節(jié)，我非常高興與王岐山副總理、克林頓國(guó)務(wù)卿、蓋特納財(cái)長(zhǎng)共同主持第二輪中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話。我期待著過(guò)一會(huì)兒同大家一起聆聽(tīng)胡錦濤主席親臨開(kāi)幕式的講話和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)發(fā)來(lái)的賀辭。我以為，中美兩國(guó)這么多關(guān)心和致力于發(fā)展中美關(guān)系的朋友相聚一起，就事關(guān)兩國(guó)關(guān)系的戰(zhàn)略性、長(zhǎng)期性、全局性重大問(wèn)題進(jìn)行坦誠(chéng)深入的對(duì)話，這本身就是國(guó)與國(guó)關(guān)系中的一大創(chuàng)舉。

I feel truly pleased to get together with Vice Premier Wang Qishan, Secretary Clinton and Secretary Geithner in Beijing in this blooming and enchanting month of May to co-chair the Second Round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues.And I look forward to joining you for the address of President Hu Jintao, who will soon be with us in the opening session, and for the message from President Obama.So many Chinese and American friends that care for and are devoted to the growth of China-US relations have gathered today for candid and in-depth dialogues on the strategic, long-term and overarching issues in China-US relations.I believe this is in itself a pioneering undertaking in state-to-state relations.記得去年，在國(guó)際金融危機(jī)陰云籠罩之時(shí)，胡錦濤主席和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)基于對(duì)21世紀(jì)世界前景的冷靜思考，共同確定兩國(guó)建設(shè)21世紀(jì)中美積極合作全面關(guān)系和應(yīng)對(duì)共同挑戰(zhàn)的伙伴關(guān)系，并把建立中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話機(jī)制作為一項(xiàng)重大戰(zhàn)略舉措，向世界傳遞了中美同舟共濟(jì)、共克時(shí)艱、共創(chuàng)兩國(guó)關(guān)系和世界美好未來(lái)的積極信號(hào)。

Last year when the world was haunted by the international financial crisis, President Hu Jintao and President Obama, out of their keen insight of the prospects of the 21st century, agreed to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century and a partnership to cope with common challenges, and decided to take a major strategic step by setting up the mechanism of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues.In so doing, they sent a positive signal to the world that China and the United States would join hands to tide over the difficulties and work together for a better future of China-US relations and the world at large.一年之后，當(dāng)我們?cè)俅蜗嗑鄄h(huán)顧世界之時(shí)，相信大家會(huì)更加深切地感受到，我們正處在人類(lèi)和中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要?dú)v史關(guān)頭。中美兩國(guó)不僅需要回答能否創(chuàng)建21世紀(jì)新型大國(guó)關(guān)系的疑問(wèn)，也面臨著同世界各國(guó)一起把一個(gè)什么樣的世紀(jì)帶給各國(guó)人民、留給子孫后代的戰(zhàn)略選擇。

One year later, as we gather again and look at the world around us, I believe we all feel more keenly that we are now at a crucial historical juncture in the development of mankind and of China-US relations.Our two countries not only need to answer the question of whether we can build a new type of relationship between major countries in the 21st century.We also face a strategic choice as to what kind of a century China and the United States, together with other countries, will leave to our peoples, to our children and our children's children.我們這一代人經(jīng)歷過(guò)的上世紀(jì)，人類(lèi)盡管有了多方面的進(jìn)步，但仍是一個(gè)零和規(guī)則盛行、以意識(shí)形態(tài)劃線的世紀(jì)，一個(gè)國(guó)際體系隔裂、集團(tuán)對(duì)抗不止、熱戰(zhàn)冷戰(zhàn)交替、很不安寧、多災(zāi)多難的世紀(jì)。

Though the last century that people of our generation have gone through has witnessed a lot of progress made by mankind, it was still a century in which the zero-sum rule prevailed and lines were drawn along ideologies.It was a century far from being tranquil.It was beset by disasters and adversities and characterized by a fractured international system, incessant confrontation between blocs and alternating hot and cold wars.進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后，雖然歷史的慣性還在，新舊矛盾交織，但世界的變化可以說(shuō)亙古未有。與以往很不相同的是：各國(guó)越來(lái)越相互依存、利益交融、休戚相關(guān)。我們地球上的居民不管愿不愿意，相互喜不喜歡，客觀上已經(jīng)是誰(shuí)也離不開(kāi)誰(shuí)，實(shí)際上處于安危與共、禍福相依的利益與命運(yùn)共同體中。

Though what had happened has lingered on to the 21st century, though problems, old and new, are intertwined, unprecedented changes have taken place in our world.What sets this century apart from the previous ones is that countries are becoming increasingly interdependent and their interests are more than ever interconnected.Like it or not, we, residents on Earth, have in fact become inseparable from one another.Be it in good times or bad times, we are bound together by common interests and have a common destiny to share.在這樣一個(gè)世界中，面對(duì)日益增多的各種全球性問(wèn)題，面對(duì)單個(gè)和少數(shù)國(guó)家無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)的共同挑戰(zhàn)，面對(duì)人類(lèi)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的種種重大難題，不管你有什么樣的社會(huì)制度、文化傳統(tǒng)、發(fā)展模式，處于什么發(fā)展階段，各國(guó)特別是大國(guó)必須拋棄一切不合時(shí)宜的東西，學(xué)會(huì)以溝通代替猜忌，以合作代替對(duì)抗，以和平代替戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，學(xué)會(huì)相互尊重、平等合作、同舟共濟(jì)、和諧相處，沒(méi)有別的選擇！我們相信，在21世紀(jì)，中美兩國(guó)人民，世界各國(guó)人民也都絕對(duì)不允許開(kāi)倒車(chē)，走老路。今天搞對(duì)抗、打熱戰(zhàn)、打冷戰(zhàn)哪怕溫戰(zhàn)都是很不得人心、也絕對(duì)行不通的！We are faced in such a world with the rising multitude of global issues, with common challenges that no individual country or handful of countries can tackle alone, and with significant and thorny issues concerning the sustainable development of mankind.Regardless of the difference in social system, cultural tradition, and development model and stage, no country, no major country in particular, should hold to things that have become outdated.We have to let suspicion, confrontation and war give way to communication, cooperation and the pursuit of peace.We have to learn to respect each other, conduct cooperation on an equal footing, make concerted efforts and pursue harmonious coexistence.This is our only choice!We are convinced that in this 21st century, neither the Chinese and American peoples nor people of other countries will allow history to repeat itself or the cause of advancement to backpedal.No attempt to stir up confrontation and stage war, be it a hot war, a cold war or even a warm war, will be popular in today's world.Nor will such an attempt lead to anywhere.中美兩國(guó)作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家和最大的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)清世界發(fā)展的大勢(shì)，順應(yīng)滾滾向前的歷史潮流，排除一切人為的干擾，堅(jiān)定不移地沿著兩國(guó)元首確定的方向，共同建設(shè)21世紀(jì)積極合作全面的中美伙伴關(guān)系，開(kāi)創(chuàng)全球化時(shí)代不同社會(huì)制度、文化傳統(tǒng)和發(fā)展階段的國(guó)家相互尊重，和諧相處、合作共贏的新型大國(guó)關(guān)系歷史，以此促進(jìn)中美兩國(guó)持久共同發(fā)展和繁榮，造福于兩國(guó)人民，造福于全人類(lèi)。我們并不認(rèn)為世界上的事務(wù)可以由

一、兩個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)決定，但是如果中美兩國(guó)不建立和發(fā)展這種新型的關(guān)系，21世紀(jì)的天下難以太平。

China and the United States, being the biggest developing and developed country in the world, should have a sound judgment of the development trend of our world, and go along with the tide of history.We should remove man-made disruptions and unswervingly follow the direction charted by our two presidents to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US partnership for the 21st century.In this era of globalization, we should foster a new type of relations among major countries characterized by mutual respect, harmonious coexistence and win-win cooperation of countries with different social systems, cultural traditions and development stages.This will contribute to the sustained and common development and prosperity of our two countries and serve the interest of our two peoples and people around the world.We do not believe that world affairs should be determined by one or two individual countries.Yet should China and the United States not be able to build and develop such a new type of relations, the chance for peace will be seriously undermined in the 21st century.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，建設(shè)中美新型伙伴關(guān)系是一項(xiàng)史無(wú)前例的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性事業(yè)，在前進(jìn)的道路上不能設(shè)想會(huì)是一帆風(fēng)順、沒(méi)有困難，但已有的實(shí)踐證明，這條路是必須走也走得通的。我們可以想一想，幾十年前，誰(shuí)能料到中美兩國(guó)老一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)跨越大洋的握手？！又有誰(shuí)能料到中美建交僅僅31年后兩國(guó)關(guān)系就取得如此巨大、全面、深入的發(fā)展？！還有誰(shuí)能料到，中美兩個(gè)不同社會(huì)制度的大國(guó)，面對(duì)百年未遇、來(lái)勢(shì)兇猛的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)，居然能夠共克時(shí)艱、攜手應(yīng)對(duì)？！由此可以預(yù)料，21世紀(jì)，中美兩國(guó)的政治家和兩國(guó)人民一定有足夠的意愿、智慧和能力排除萬(wàn)難，闖出一條建設(shè)新型伙伴關(guān)系的路子來(lái)。

To build a new type of China-US partnership will, without doubt, be an unprecedented and pioneering undertaking.The path forward will not be plain sailing or trouble-free.But past experience has proven that this is the path that we must take and will lead us to success.Looking back, decades ago, who could have imagined that leaders of the elder generation in China and America could have that handshake that came over the vastest ocean in the world?!Who could have imagined that China-US relations could witness such huge, comprehensive and profound development only 31 years after the establishment of diplomatic relations?!And who could have imagined that China and the United States, two major countries with different social systems, could join hands to tackle the once-in-a-century, severe international financial crisis?!Along this line, we can well foresee that in the 21st century, the statesmen and people of our two countries will have sufficient will, wisdom and capacity to overcome all difficulties and break new ground in establishing a new type of partnership between our two countries.在新的世紀(jì)里，正如美國(guó)電影《巴別塔》所揭示的那樣，溝通，理解，信任至關(guān)重要。我以為，我們的戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話應(yīng)該成為促進(jìn)中美間溝通、理解、信任的重要而有效的一座橋粱，努力為建設(shè)中美積極合作全面的伙伴關(guān)系服務(wù)。這應(yīng)當(dāng)是我們這個(gè)對(duì)話機(jī)制的特有功能和價(jià)值之所在，也是中美兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和人民期望之所在。我愿同中美雙方的同事們一起，努力工作，不負(fù)眾望，不辱使命。As the American movie “Babel” has shown, communication, mutual understanding and trust are of utmost importance in the new century.I believe the Strategic and Economic Dialogues should be an important and effective bridge in promoting communication, understanding and trust between China and the United States, and should contribute to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US partnership.This should be the unique function and value of our dialogue mechanism.And it is what our leaders and peoples expect of us.I am ready to work with my Chinese and American colleagues to live up to that expectation and to our common mission.Thank you!謝謝大家！

谷歌聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人拉里·佩奇密歇根大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講

如果看過(guò)谷歌的介紹,可能你會(huì)不由得想到一個(gè)詞—神話。這說(shuō)的不光是拉里·佩奇和謝爾蓋·布林兩個(gè)博士沒(méi)讀完的輟學(xué)生在硅谷的車(chē)庫(kù)里創(chuàng)業(yè),最后建成了市值超過(guò)IBM(甚至有人預(yù)測(cè)五年后會(huì)超越微軟)的IT巨擎的傳奇故事,說(shuō)的還是谷歌里面那令無(wú)數(shù)打工族垂涎萬(wàn)尺的企業(yè)文化:牛仔褲、T-shirt衫的隨意穿著,美餐、中餐、印度餐等一應(yīng)俱全的大食堂,免費(fèi)就醫(yī)、洗衣、洗車(chē)的服務(wù),甚至可以帶上狗狗和滑板車(chē)一起上班??

谷歌的故事,舉世矚目。創(chuàng)始人的生活也為人津津樂(lè)道。今年5月,拉里·佩奇獲邀在母校密歇根大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表演講。雖然已是成功典范,但拉里并沒(méi)有夸夸其談,他用誠(chéng)摯的語(yǔ)言講述自己家庭背景和人生經(jīng)歷,告訴大家人生中最寶貴的兩樣?xùn)|西—夢(mèng)想和親友。

Class of 2009!First I’d like you to stand up, and wave and cheer your supportive family and friends!I’m sure you can find them out there.Show your love!

2009屆的同學(xué)們,首先我希望大家都站起來(lái),向支持你們的親朋好友揮手致意!我相信你們都能在人群中找到他們,把你們的愛(ài)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)吧!

A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven’s 1)co-op at this very university.That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers probably every decade or so.Picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that 2)filthy ceiling.Standing on the floor, a young 3)boarder named Carl was admiring the view.And that’s how they met.They were my parents, so I suppose you could say I’m a direct result of that kitchen chemistry experiment, right here at Michigan.很久以前,1962年的寒冷9月,這座校園里有一家史蒂文消費(fèi)合作社。此合作社有一間廚房,那里的天花板由學(xué)生志愿者打掃,大概每十來(lái)年才一次吧。想象一下,畫(huà)面上有位名叫格洛里亞的女大學(xué)生,爬上了高高的梯子,努力地打掃那臟兮兮的天花板。一位名叫卡爾的寄宿生站在地上,為該情景欽佩不已。這就是他倆的初次邂逅。他倆就是我的父母親。所以我想你們會(huì)說(shuō),我就是這里——密歇根大學(xué)那個(gè)“廚房化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)”的直接成果。

Everyone in my family went here to Michigan: my brother, my Mom, my Dad—all of us.My father’s father worked in the Chevy plant in Flint, Michigan.He was an assembly line worker.He drove his two children here to Ann Arbor, and told them: That is where you’re going to college.I know it sounds funny now.Both of his kids actually did graduate from Michigan.That was the American dream.我們家的所有成員都畢業(yè)于密歇根大學(xué):我哥哥、我媽媽和爸爸——我們?nèi)摇Ｎ业淖娓冈诿苄莞チ痔氐难┓鹛m汽車(chē)工廠工作,他是裝配線上的一名工人。他曾開(kāi)車(chē)把兩個(gè)孩子送到安娜堡這兒,并告訴他們:這是你們今后要上的大學(xué)。我知道現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好笑。他的兩個(gè)孩子也的確從密歇根大學(xué)畢業(yè)。這就是“美國(guó)夢(mèng)”。

What I’m trying to tell you, this is WAY more than a homecoming for me.I have a story about following dreams.Or maybe more accurately, it’s a story about finding a path to make those dreams real.我想告訴大家的是,來(lái)這兒對(duì)我的意義絕對(duì)不僅僅是重回舊地。我有個(gè)關(guān)于追尋夢(mèng)想的故事,或者更確切地說(shuō),這是一個(gè)找到夢(mèng)想成真之路的故事。

You know what it’s like to wake up in the middle of the night with a vivid dream? And you know how, if you don’t have a pencil and 4)pad by the bed, it will be completely gone by the next morning?

你們知道,午夜從一個(gè)逼真的夢(mèng)境中醒來(lái)是什么感覺(jué)嗎?你們知道如果床邊沒(méi)有紙筆,而第二天一早就忘個(gè)精光又會(huì)怎樣嗎?

Well, I had one of those dreams when I was 23.When I suddenly woke up, I was thinking: What if we could download the whole web, and just keep the links? And I grabbed a pen and started writing!Sometimes it’s important to wake up and stop dreaming.I spent the middle of that night 5)scribbling out the details and convincing myself it would work.Soon after, I told my advisor, Terry Winograd, it would take a couple of weeks for me to download the web—he nodded knowingly, fully aware it would take much longer but wise enough not to tell me.The 6)optimism of youth is often underrated!Amazingly, at that time, I have no thoughts building a search engine.The idea wasn’t even on the radar.But, much later we happened upon a better way of ranking and we made a really great search engine, and Google was born.When a really great dream shows up, grab it!

喔,我23歲的時(shí)候,就做過(guò)一個(gè)那樣的夢(mèng)。我猛然驚醒,想著:如果我們能把整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)下載下來(lái),但僅保存鏈接會(huì)怎樣?然后我抓起一支筆寫(xiě)了起來(lái)。有時(shí)候別做夢(mèng),及時(shí)醒來(lái)是非常重要的。我花了一個(gè)午夜描畫(huà)出細(xì)節(jié),并確信那是可以做得到的。不久后,我告訴我的導(dǎo)師特里·溫諾格拉德,那要花幾周時(shí)間來(lái)下載整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)——他只是會(huì)意地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭,他完全知道要花的時(shí)間其實(shí)長(zhǎng)得多,但他很睿智,并沒(méi)有告訴我。年輕人的樂(lè)觀精神通常不可低估!令人驚訝的是,我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有想過(guò)要造一個(gè)搜索引擎。這一概念甚至沒(méi)有進(jìn)入我腦海。但很久以后,我們突然找到更好排列網(wǎng)頁(yè)的方法,并造出一個(gè)非常好的搜索引擎——谷歌就這樣誕生了。當(dāng)偉大的夢(mèng)想閃現(xiàn)時(shí),抓住它吧!When I was here at Michigan, I had actually been taught how to make dreams real!I know it sounds funny, but that is what I learned in a summer camp 7)converted into a training program called Leadershape.Their slogan is to have a “healthy disregard for the impossible”.That program encouraged me to pursue a crazy idea at the time: I wanted to build a personal rapid transit system on campus to replace the buses.I still think a lot about transportation—you never loose a dream, it just 8)incubates as a hobby.Many things people labor hard to do now, like cooking, cleaning, and driving will require much less human time in the future.That is, if we “have a healthy disregard for the impossible” and actually build the solutions.我在密歇根大學(xué)上學(xué)時(shí),其實(shí)就學(xué)過(guò)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想。我知道這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很可笑,但那是我從一個(gè)由夏令營(yíng)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的名為“塑造領(lǐng)袖”的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目中學(xué)到的。該項(xiàng)目的口號(hào)就是“理性地藐視不可能”。那個(gè)項(xiàng)目激勵(lì)著我追尋那時(shí)一個(gè)瘋狂的想法:我想在校園內(nèi)建立一套個(gè)人快速交通系統(tǒng)以代替公交。我直到現(xiàn)在還在思考很多有關(guān)交通的問(wèn)題—你永不要放走夢(mèng)想,而要把它當(dāng)作一種習(xí)慣去培育?，F(xiàn)在人們花很大力氣干的很多事情,如做飯、清潔、駕駛,以后只會(huì)占用人們更少的時(shí)間。也就是說(shuō),如果我們“理性地藐視不可能”,并確實(shí)找到新的解決方案的話。

I think it is often easier to make progress on mega-ambitious dreams.I know that sounds completely nuts.But, since no one else is crazy enough to do it, you’ll have little competition.The best people want to work on the big challenges.That is what happened with Google.Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally 9)accessible and useful.How can that not get you excited? But we almost didn’t start Google, actually, because my co-founder Sergey and I were too worried about dropping out of the Ph.D.program.You are probably on the right track if you feel like a sidewalk worm during a rainstorm!That is about how we felt after we maxed out three credit cards buying hard disks off the back of a truck.That was actually the first hardware for Google.Parents and friends: more credit cards always help.What is the one sentence summary of how you change the world? Always work hard on something uncomfortably exciting!

我認(rèn)為,通常追尋雄心萬(wàn)丈的夢(mèng)想更容易些。我知道這聽(tīng)起來(lái)完全是一派胡言。不過(guò),既然沒(méi)有別的人瘋狂到會(huì)做這件事情,你就沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手了。優(yōu)秀的人愛(ài)接受大挑戰(zhàn)。這就是在谷歌發(fā)生的事情。我們的目標(biāo)就是組合全球的信息,使其隨手可得,隨處可用。那怎么能不讓大家興奮呢?但是我們那時(shí)幾乎啟動(dòng)不成谷歌,因?yàn)槲液吐?lián)合創(chuàng)始人謝爾蓋都太擔(dān)心拿不到博士學(xué)位。要是你覺(jué)得自己是暴風(fēng)雨下人行道上的一條蚯蚓,那很可能你就真的走對(duì)路了。那就是我們刷爆了三張信用卡,從一輛貨車(chē)的車(chē)尾買(mǎi)來(lái)硬盤(pán)后的感覺(jué)。那就是谷歌最早的硬件設(shè)備。家長(zhǎng)和朋友們:多點(diǎn)信用卡總是有用的。如何用一句話總結(jié)你該如何改變世界?那就是在那些讓人極度興奮的事情上發(fā)奮努力。

As a Ph.D.student, I actually had three projects I wanted to work on.Thank goodness my advisor said, “Why don’t you work on the web for a while?” Technology and especially the Internet can really help you be lazy.Lazy? What I mean is a group of three people can write software that then millions can use and enjoy.Can three people answer the phone a million times? Find the 10)leverage in the world, so you can be truly lazy!

當(dāng)我在讀博士的時(shí)候,其實(shí)我有三個(gè)項(xiàng)目是想做的。謝天謝地,我的導(dǎo)師對(duì)我說(shuō),“為什么你不先做一會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的事呢?”科技,尤其是因特網(wǎng)真的能讓人變懶。變懶?我的意思是一個(gè)三人的小組可以寫(xiě)出讓數(shù)百萬(wàn)人喜愛(ài)使用的軟件程序。但三個(gè)人可以接上百萬(wàn)次電話嗎?找到撬起地球的杠桿,你就能真的懶起來(lái)。

Overall, I know it seems like the world is

11)crumbling out there, but it is actually a great time in your life to get a little crazy, follow your curiosity, and be ambitious about it.Don’t give up on your dream.The world needs you all!

總而言之,我知道這個(gè)世界看起來(lái)分崩離析,但這確是你們?nèi)松幸粋€(gè)偉大的時(shí)代,你們可以瘋狂一點(diǎn),追隨自己的好奇心,雄心勃勃地實(shí)現(xiàn)它。不要放棄你們的夢(mèng)想。世界需要你們所有人。

So here’s my final story:

On a day like today, you might feel 12)exhilarated—like you’ve just been shot out of a cannon at the circus—and even invincible.Don’t ever forget that incredible feeling.But also: always remember that the moments we have with friends and family, the chances we have to do things that might make a big difference in the world, or even to make a small difference to the ones we love—all those wonderful chances that life gives us, life also takes away.It can happen fast, and a whole lot sooner than you think.以下是我要說(shuō)的最后一個(gè)故事:

就像今天的某一日,你們可能感到欣喜若狂,就像你剛從馬戲團(tuán)的大炮口被射了出來(lái)——甚至更加所向無(wú)敵。絕不要忘了那種難以名狀的美妙感覺(jué),但同時(shí),也要永遠(yuǎn)記住和親朋好友相聚的時(shí)刻,記住我們得做些可能會(huì)為世界帶來(lái)巨變的事情的機(jī)會(huì),或者只是為你所愛(ài)的人帶來(lái)小變化的機(jī)會(huì)——所有生活給予我們美好機(jī)會(huì),也能將它們帶走。世事瞬息萬(wàn)變,比你設(shè)想的要快得多。

In late March 1996, soon after I had moved to Stanford for grad school, my Dad had difficulty breathing and drove to the hospital.Two months later, he died.I was completely 13)devastated.Many years later, after a startup, after falling in love, and after so many of life’s adventures, I found myself thinking about my Dad.1996年3月下旬,就在我到斯坦福上研究生院不久,我爸爸呼吸出現(xiàn)困難,被送到醫(yī)院。兩個(gè)月后,他去世了。我當(dāng)時(shí)幾近崩潰了。許多年以后,在我重新振作后,在我談戀愛(ài)后,在我體驗(yàn)了如此多的人生經(jīng)歷后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己總是想起我的爸爸。

If my Dad were alive today, the thing I think he would be most happy about is that Lucy and I have a baby 14)in the hopper.If he were here today, well, it would be one of the best days of his life.如果我爸爸能活到今天,我想他最開(kāi)心的莫過(guò)于看到露西和我即將擁有自己的孩子。如果他今天也能來(lái)到這里,噢,那將會(huì)是他人生中最美好的日子之一。

Many of us are fortunate enough to be here with family.Some of us have dear friends and family to go home to.Please keep them close and remember: They are what really matters in life.Thanks, Mom;Thanks, Lucy.And thank you, all, very much.我們中很多人都很幸運(yùn),能夠在這里和家人們一起。我們中的一些還可以和親友家人一起回家。請(qǐng)和他們保持親密,并且記住:他們才是生命中真正至關(guān)重要的。

感謝媽媽,感謝露西。

同時(shí),十分感謝大家。

Notes: convert [k?n'v?:t] vt.使轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)換…；使…改變信仰 in the hopper準(zhǔn)備就緒

美國(guó)軍事學(xué)院（The United States Military Academy at West Point），常被稱為西點(diǎn)軍校。西點(diǎn)軍校是美國(guó)第一所軍事學(xué)校，位于紐約州西點(diǎn)（哈德遜河西岸），距離紐約市約80公里。學(xué)校占地1萬(wàn)6千英畝（約6千5百公畝）。西點(diǎn)軍校的校訓(xùn)是“責(zé)任、榮譽(yù)、國(guó)家”，該校是美國(guó)歷史最悠久的軍事學(xué)院之一。它曾與英國(guó)桑赫斯特皇家軍事學(xué)院、俄羅斯伏龍芝軍事學(xué)院以及法國(guó)圣西爾軍校并稱世界“四大軍校”。

Our prosperity provides a foundation for our power.It pays for our military.It underwrites our diplomacy.It taps the potential of our people, and allows investment in new industry.And it will allow us to compete in this century as successfully as we did in the last.That’s why our troop commitment in Afghanistan cannot be open-ended--because the nation that I’m most interested in building is our own.我們的繁榮是我國(guó)力量的基礎(chǔ)。它支付我國(guó)的軍事開(kāi)支，資助我國(guó)的外交，開(kāi)發(fā)我國(guó)人民的潛力，允許對(duì)新產(chǎn)業(yè)投資。它將使我們能夠在這個(gè)世紀(jì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得像上個(gè)世紀(jì)那樣的成功。因此，我們?cè)诎⒏缓沟鸟v軍承諾不能沒(méi)有期限，因?yàn)槲易铌P(guān)心的還是我們本國(guó)的建設(shè)。

Now, let me be clear: None of this will be easy.The struggle against violent extremism will not be finished quickly, and it extends well beyond Afghanistan and Pakistan.It will be an enduring test of our free society, and our leadership in the world.And unlike the great power conflicts and clear lines of division that defined the 20th century, our effort will involve disorderly regions, failed states, diffuse enemies.我希望明確表示：這一切都不容易。打擊暴力極端主義的斗爭(zhēng)不可能很快結(jié)束，它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出阿富汗和巴基斯坦。它是對(duì)我們作為一個(gè)自由社會(huì)以及我們?cè)谑澜缟系念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用的長(zhǎng)期考驗(yàn)。與決定二十世紀(jì)的大國(guó)沖突和明晰的界線不同，我們的努力將觸及騷亂的地區(qū)、癱瘓的國(guó)家和分散的敵人。

So as a result, America will have to show our strength in the way that we end wars and prevent conflict--not just how we wage wars.We’ll have to be nimble and precise in our use of military power.Where al Qaeda and its allies attempt to establish a foothold--whether in Somalia or Yemen or elsewhere--they must be confronted by growing pressure and strong partnerships.因此，美國(guó)必須以我們結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和防范沖突的方式——而不是以我們進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的方式——來(lái)表現(xiàn)我們的力量。我們?cè)谑褂密娛铝α繒r(shí)必須靈活機(jī)動(dòng)、精確無(wú)誤。不管“基地”組織及其同伙企圖在何處建立據(jù)點(diǎn)——無(wú)論是在索馬里、也門(mén)還是其他地方——都必須以不斷增強(qiáng)的壓力和牢固的伙伴關(guān)系予以應(yīng)對(duì)。

And we can’t count on military might alone.We have to invest in our homeland security, because we can’t capture or kill every violent extremist abroad.We have to improve and better coordinate our intelligence, so that we stay one step ahead of shadowy networks.但是美國(guó)不能單靠我們的軍事威力。我們必須為增進(jìn)我國(guó)的國(guó)土安全而投入資源，因?yàn)槲覀儾豢赡茏カ@或擊斃每一個(gè)暴力極端主義分子。我們必須改進(jìn)和更好地協(xié)調(diào)我們的情報(bào)工作，以便搶在地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)的前面。

We will have to take away the tools of mass destruction.And that’s why I’ve made it a central pillar of my foreign policy to secure loose nuclear materials from terrorists, to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and to pursue the goal of a world without them--because every nation must understand that true security will never come from an endless race for ever more destructive weapons;true security will come for those who reject them.我們不能讓大規(guī)模毀滅性武器落入敵手。這正是我把絕不讓恐怖分子得到散落的核材料、制止核武器擴(kuò)散和尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)核世界的目標(biāo)當(dāng)作我外交政策的一個(gè)中心支柱的原因。因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)國(guó)家都必須懂得，真正的安全絕不會(huì)來(lái)自無(wú)休止地進(jìn)行毀滅力日增的武器的競(jìng)賽——真正的安全將由拒絕使用這類(lèi)武器的人獲得。We’ll have to use diplomacy, because no one nation can meet the challenges of an interconnected world acting alone.I’ve spent this year renewing our alliances and forging new partnerships.And we have forged a new beginning between America and the Muslim world--one that recognizes our mutual interest in breaking a cycle of conflict, and that promises a future in which those who kill innocents are isolated by those who stand up for peace and prosperity and human dignity.我們必須展開(kāi)外交，因?yàn)闆](méi)有哪一個(gè)國(guó)家能夠單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)相互聯(lián)系的世界的挑戰(zhàn)。今年一年，我都在鞏固我們的同盟并建立新的伙伴關(guān)系。我們與穆斯林世界之間有了一個(gè)新的開(kāi)端——即認(rèn)識(shí)到我們的共同利益在于打破沖突的惡性循環(huán)并構(gòu)筑一個(gè)未來(lái)，讓捍衛(wèi)和平繁榮與人類(lèi)尊嚴(yán)者將屠殺無(wú)辜者置于孤立境地。

And finally, we must draw on the strength of our values--for the challenges that we face may have changed, but the things that we believe in must not.That’s why we must promote our values by living them at home--which is why I have prohibited torture and will close the prison at Guantanamo Bay.And we must make it clear to every man, woman and child around the world who lives under the dark cloud of tyranny that America will speak out on behalf of their human rights, and tend to the light of freedom and justice and opportunity and respect for the dignity of all peoples.That is who we are.That is the source, the moral source, of America’s authority.最后，我們必須汲取我們價(jià)值觀的力量，我們面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)可能有所改變，但我們堅(jiān)定的信念不會(huì)改變。因此，我們必須在國(guó)內(nèi)以身作則，以此來(lái)推進(jìn)我們的價(jià)值觀——這就是我為什么禁止使用酷刑并將關(guān)閉關(guān)塔那摩灣的監(jiān)獄。我們必須向世界各地生活在暴政陰影下的男女老少表明，美國(guó)將在人權(quán)問(wèn)題上為他們代言，維護(hù)自由之光、正義、機(jī)會(huì)、以及對(duì)全人類(lèi)尊嚴(yán)的尊重。這是我國(guó)的國(guó)格。這是美國(guó)威信的道義源泉。

Since the days of Franklin Roosevelt, and the service and sacrifice of our grandparents and great-grandparents, our country has borne a special burden in global affairs.We have spilled American blood in many countries on multiple continents.We have spent our revenue to help others rebuild from rubble and develop their own economies.We have joined with others to develop architecture of institutions--from the United Nations to NATO to the World Bank--that provide for the common security and prosperity of human beings.從富蘭克林?羅斯福（Franklin Roosevelt）時(shí)期開(kāi)始，通過(guò)我們的祖父輩及其父輩的奉獻(xiàn)與犧牲，我們的國(guó)家在全球事務(wù)中承擔(dān)了特殊的重負(fù)。美國(guó)人在橫跨幾個(gè)大洲的許多國(guó)家里灑下了鮮血。我們把我們的收入用于幫助別人在廢墟上重建他們的國(guó)家和發(fā)展他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。我們與其他國(guó)家一道建立起一整套機(jī)構(gòu)——包括聯(lián)合國(guó)、北約和世界銀行——保障了人類(lèi)的共同安全與繁榮。

We have not always been thanked for these efforts, and we have at times made mistakes.But more than any other nation, the United States of America has underwritten global security for over six decades--a time that, for all its problems, has seen walls come down, and markets open, and billions lifted from poverty, unparalleled scientific progress and advancing frontiers of human liberty.我們并非完美無(wú)缺，我們?cè)?jīng)犯過(guò)錯(cuò)誤。但美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)在過(guò)去60年內(nèi)為全球安全所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任超過(guò)任何一個(gè)國(guó)家。在這一時(shí)期，盡管出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的問(wèn)題，但我們目睹了壁壘拆除、市場(chǎng)開(kāi)放、數(shù)十億人民脫離貧困、科學(xué)取得前所未有的進(jìn)步、人類(lèi)自由的前沿不斷向前拓展。

For unlike the great powers of old, we have not sought world domination.Our union was founded in resistance to oppression.We do not seek to occupy other nations.We will not claim another nation’s resources or target other peoples because their faith or ethnicity is different from ours.What we have fought for--what we continue to fight for--is a better future for our children and grandchildren.And we believe that their lives will be better if other peoples’ children and grandchildren can live in freedom and access opportunity.與歷代強(qiáng)國(guó)不同，我們沒(méi)有追求世界霸權(quán)。我們的國(guó)家創(chuàng)建于反抗壓迫的基礎(chǔ)之上。我們絕不會(huì)占領(lǐng)另一個(gè)國(guó)家。我們絕不會(huì)攫取另一個(gè)國(guó)家的資源或因?yàn)槠渌麌?guó)家的人民的信仰與種族與我們不同而把他們作為我們攻擊的目標(biāo)。我們過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在所追求的是讓我們的子孫后代有一個(gè)更美好的未來(lái)；我們深信，如果其他民族的子孫后代能夠在生活在自由和機(jī)會(huì)之中，他們的生活將會(huì)更加美好。

亞馬遜總裁Jeff Bezos在princeton大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮的演講

As a kid, I spent my summers with my grandparents on their ranch in Texas.I helped fix windmills, vaccinate cattle, and do other chores.We also watched soap operas every afternoon, especially “Days of our Lives.” My grandparents belonged to a Caravan Club, a group of Airstream trailer owners who travel together around the U.S.and Canada.And every few summers, we'd join the caravan.We'd hitch up the Airstream trailer to my grandfather's car, and off we'd go, in a line with 300 other Airstream adventurers.I loved and worshipped my grandparents and I really looked forward to these trips.On one particular trip, I was about 10 years old.I was rolling around in the big bench seat in the back of the car.My grandfather was driving.And my grandmother had the passenger seat.She smoked throughout these trips, and I hated the smell.At that age, I'd take any excuse to make estimates and do minor arithmetic.I'd calculate our gas mileage--figure out useless statistics on things like grocery spending.I'd been hearing an ad campaign about smoking.I can't remember the details, but basically the ad said, every puff of a cigarette takes some number of minutes off of your life: I think it might have been two minutes per puff.At any rate, I decided to do the math for my grandmother.I estimated the number of cigarettes per days, estimated the number of puffs per cigarette and so on.When I was satisfied that I'd come up with a reasonable number, I poked my head into the front of the car, tapped my grandmother on the shoulder, and proudly proclaimed, “At two minutes per puff, you've taken nine years off your life!” I have a vivid memory of what happened, and it was not what I expected.I expected to be applauded for my cleverness and arithmetic skills.“Jeff, you're so smart.You had to have made some tricky estimates, figure out the number of minutes in a year and do some division.” That's not what happened.Instead, my grandmother burst into tears.I sat in the backseat and did not know what to do.While my grandmother sat crying, my grandfather, who had been driving in silence, pulled over onto the shoulder of the highway.He got out of the car and came around and opened my door and waited for me to follow.Was I in trouble? My grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man.He had never said a harsh word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time? Or maybe he would ask that I get back in the car and apologize to my grandmother.I had no experience in this realm with my grandparents and no way to gauge what the consequences might be.We stopped beside the trailer.My grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, “Jeff, one day you'll understand that it's harder to be kind than clever.”

What I want to talk to you about today is the difference between gifts and choices.Cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.Gifts are easy--they're given after all.Choices can be hard.You can seduce yourself with your gifts if you're not careful, and if you do, it'll probably be to the detriment of your choices.This is a group with many gifts.I'm sure one of your gifts is the gift of a smart and capable brain.I'm confident that's the case because admission is competitive and if there weren't some signs that you're clever, the dean of admission wouldn't have let you in.Your smarts will come in handy because you will travel in a land of marvels.We humans--plodding as we are--will astonish ourselves.We'll invent ways to generate clean energy and a lot of it.Atom by atom, we'll assemble tiny machines that will enter cell walls and make repairs.This month comes the extraordinary but also inevitable news that we've synthesized life.In the coming years, we'll not only synthesize it, but we'll engineer it to specifications.I believe you'll even see us understand the human brain.Jules Verne, Mark Twain, Galileo, Newton--all the curious from the ages would have wanted to be alive most of all right now.As a civilization, we will have so many gifts, just as you as individuals have so many individual gifts as you sit before me.How will you use these gifts? And will you take pride in your gifts or pride in your choices? I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago.I came across the fact that Web usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year.I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles--something that simply couldn't exist in the physical world--was very exciting to me.I had just turned 30 years old, and I'd been married for a year.I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most startups don't, and I wasn't sure what would happen after that.MacKenzie(also a Princeton grad and sitting here in the second row)told me I should go for it.As a young boy, I'd been a garage inventor.I'd invented an automatic gate closer out of cement-filled tires, a solar cooker that didn't work very well out of an umbrella and tinfoil, baking-pan alarms to entrap my siblings.I'd always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired.I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet.He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision.Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot.I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing.And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice.Tomorrow, in a very real sense, your life--the life you author from scratch on your own--begins.How will you use your gifts? What choices will you make? Will inertia be your guide, or will you follow your passions? Will you follow dogma, or will you be original? Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure? Will you wilt under criticism, or will you follow your convictions? Will you bluff it out when you're wrong, or will you apologize? Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love? Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling? When it's tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless? Will you be a cynic, or will you be a builder? Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind? I will hazard a prediction.When you are 80 years old, and in a quiet moment of reflection narrating for only yourself the most personal version of your life story, the telling that will be most compact and meaningful will be the series of choices you have made.In the end, we are our choices.Build yourself a great story.Thank you and good luck!亞馬遜總裁Jeff Bezos在princeton大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮的演講

在我還是一個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我的夏天總是在德州祖父母的農(nóng)場(chǎng)中度過(guò)。我?guī)兔π蘩盹L(fēng)車(chē)，為牛接種疫苗，也做其它家務(wù)。每天下午，我們都會(huì)看肥皂劇，尤其是《我們的歲月》。我的祖父母參加了一個(gè)房車(chē)俱樂(lè)部，那是一群駕駛Airstream拖掛型房車(chē)的人們，他們結(jié)伴遍游美國(guó)和加拿大。每隔幾個(gè)夏天，我也會(huì)加入他們。我們把房車(chē)掛在祖父的小汽車(chē)后面，然后加入300余名Airstream探險(xiǎn)者們組成的浩蕩隊(duì)伍。

我愛(ài)我的祖父母，我崇敬他們，也真心期盼這些旅程。那是一次我大概十歲時(shí)的旅行，我照例坐在后座的長(zhǎng)椅上，祖父開(kāi)著車(chē)，祖母坐在他旁邊，吸著煙。我討厭煙味。

在那樣的年紀(jì)，我會(huì)找任何借口做些估測(cè)或者小算術(shù)。我會(huì)計(jì)算油耗還有雜貨花銷(xiāo)等雞毛蒜皮的小事。我聽(tīng)過(guò)一個(gè)有關(guān)吸煙的廣告。我記不得細(xì)節(jié)了，但是廣告大意是說(shuō)，每吸一口香煙會(huì)減少幾分鐘的壽命，大概是兩分鐘。無(wú)論如何，我決定為祖母做個(gè)算術(shù)。我估測(cè)了祖母每天要吸幾支香煙，每支香煙要吸幾口等等，然后心滿意足地得出了一個(gè)合理的數(shù)字。接著，我捅了捅坐在前面的祖母的頭，又拍了拍她的肩膀，然后驕傲地宣稱，“每天吸兩分鐘的煙，你就少活九年!” 我清晰地記得接下來(lái)發(fā)生了什么，而那是我意料之外的。我本期待著小聰明和算術(shù)技巧能贏得掌聲，但那并沒(méi)有發(fā)生。相反，我的祖母哭泣起來(lái)。我的祖父之前一直在默默開(kāi)車(chē)，把車(chē)停在了路邊，走下車(chē)來(lái)，打開(kāi)了我的車(chē)門(mén)，等著我跟他下車(chē)。我惹麻煩了嗎?我的祖父是一個(gè)智慧而安靜的人。他從來(lái)沒(méi)有對(duì)我說(shuō)過(guò)嚴(yán)厲的話，難道這會(huì)是第一次?還是他會(huì)讓我回到車(chē)上跟祖母道歉?我以前從未遇到過(guò)這種狀況，因而也無(wú)從知曉會(huì)有什么后果發(fā)生。我們?cè)诜寇?chē)旁停下來(lái)。祖父注視著我，沉默片刻，然后輕輕地、平靜地說(shuō)：“杰夫，有一天你會(huì)明白，善良比聰明更難。” 選擇比天賦更重要

今天我想對(duì)你們說(shuō)的是，天賦和選擇不同。聰明是一種天賦，而善良是一種選擇。天賦得來(lái)很容易——畢竟它們與生俱來(lái)。而選擇則頗為不易。如果一不小心，你可能被天賦所誘惑，這可能會(huì)損害到你做出的選擇。在座各位都擁有許多天賦。我確信你們的天賦之一就是擁有精明能干的頭腦。之所以如此確信，是因?yàn)槿雽W(xué)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)十分激烈，如果你們不能表現(xiàn)出聰明智慧，便沒(méi)有資格進(jìn)入這所學(xué)校。

你們的聰明才智必定會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)，因?yàn)槟銈儗⒃谝黄錆M奇跡的土地上行進(jìn)。我們?nèi)祟?lèi)，盡管跬步前行，卻終將令自己大吃一驚。我們能夠想方設(shè)法制造清潔能源，也能夠一個(gè)原子一個(gè)原子地組裝微型機(jī)械，使之穿過(guò)細(xì)胞壁，然后修復(fù)細(xì)胞。這個(gè)月，有一個(gè)異常而不可避免的事情發(fā)生了——人類(lèi)終于合成了生命。在未來(lái)幾年，我們不僅會(huì)合成生命，還會(huì)按說(shuō)明書(shū)驅(qū)動(dòng)它們。我相信你們甚至?xí)吹轿覀兝斫馊祟?lèi)的大腦，儒勒·凡爾納，馬克·吐溫，伽利略，牛頓——所有那些充滿好奇之心的人都希望能夠活到現(xiàn)在。作為文明人，我們會(huì)擁有如此之多的天賦，就像是坐在我面前的你們，每一個(gè)生命個(gè)體都擁有許多獨(dú)特的天賦。你們要如何運(yùn)用這些天賦呢?你們會(huì)為自己的天賦感到驕傲，還是會(huì)為自己的選擇感到驕傲? 追隨自己內(nèi)心的熱情

16年前，我萌生了創(chuàng)辦亞馬遜的想法。彼時(shí)我面對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用量以每年2300%的速度增長(zhǎng)，我從未看到或聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)任何增長(zhǎng)如此快速的東西。創(chuàng)建涵蓋幾百萬(wàn)種書(shū)籍的網(wǎng)上書(shū)店的想法令我興奮異常，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)東西在物理世界里根本無(wú)法存在。那時(shí)我剛剛30歲，結(jié)婚才一年。

我告訴妻子MacKenzie想辭去工作，然后去做這件瘋狂的事情，很可能會(huì)失敗，因?yàn)榇蟛糠謩?chuàng)業(yè)公司都是如此，而且我不確定那之后會(huì)發(fā)生什么。MacKenzie告訴我，我應(yīng)該放手一搏。在我還是一個(gè)男孩兒的時(shí)候，我是車(chē)庫(kù)發(fā)明家。我曾用水泥填充的輪胎、雨傘和錫箔以及報(bào)警器制作了一個(gè)自動(dòng)關(guān)門(mén)器。我一直想做一個(gè)發(fā)明家，MacKenzie支持我追隨內(nèi)心的熱情。

我當(dāng)時(shí)在紐約一家金融公司工作，同事是一群非常聰明的人，我的老板也很有智慧，我很羨慕他。我告訴我的老板我想開(kāi)辦一家在網(wǎng)上賣(mài)書(shū)的公司。他帶我在中央公園漫步良久，認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)我講完，最后說(shuō)：“聽(tīng)起來(lái)真是一個(gè)很好的主意，但是對(duì)那些目前沒(méi)有謀到一份好工作的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)主意會(huì)更好。”

這一邏輯對(duì)我而言頗有道理，他說(shuō)服我在最終作出決定之前再考慮48小時(shí)。那樣想來(lái)，這個(gè)決定確實(shí)很艱難，但是最終，我決定拼一次。我認(rèn)為自己不會(huì)為嘗試過(guò)后的失敗而遺憾，倒是有所決定但完全不付諸行動(dòng)會(huì)一直煎熬著我。在深思熟慮之后，我選擇了那條不安全的道路，去追隨我內(nèi)心的熱情。我為那個(gè)決定感到驕傲。

明天，非?，F(xiàn)實(shí)地說(shuō)，你們從零塑造自己人生的時(shí)代即將開(kāi)啟。你們會(huì)如何運(yùn)用自己的天賦?你們又會(huì)作出怎樣的抉擇? 你們是被慣性所引導(dǎo)，還是追隨自己內(nèi)心的熱情? 你們會(huì)墨守陳規(guī)，還是勇于創(chuàng)新? 你們會(huì)選擇安逸的生活，還是選擇一個(gè)奉獻(xiàn)與冒險(xiǎn)的人生? 你們會(huì)屈從于批評(píng)，還是會(huì)堅(jiān)守信念? 你們會(huì)掩飾錯(cuò)誤，還是會(huì)坦誠(chéng)道歉? 你們會(huì)因害怕拒絕而掩飾內(nèi)心，還是會(huì)在面對(duì)愛(ài)情時(shí)勇往直前? 你們想要波瀾不驚，還是想要搏擊風(fēng)浪? 你們會(huì)在嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí)之下選擇放棄，還是會(huì)義無(wú)反顧地前行? 你們要做憤世嫉俗者，還是踏實(shí)的建設(shè)者? 你們要不計(jì)一切代價(jià)地展示聰明，還是選擇善良? 我要做一個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)：在你們80歲時(shí)某個(gè)追憶往昔的時(shí)刻，只有你一個(gè)人靜靜對(duì)內(nèi)心訴說(shuō)著你的人生故事，其中最為充實(shí)、最有意義的那段講述，會(huì)被你們作出的一系列決定所填滿。最后，是選擇塑造了我們的人生。為你自己塑造一個(gè)偉大的人生故事。謝謝，祝你們好運(yùn)!

2009年11月12日，第七屆中國(guó)2010年上海世博會(huì)國(guó)際論壇在北京召開(kāi)。第三部分的主題演講“發(fā)展的世博理念”由國(guó)際展覽局名譽(yù)主席吳建民先生主持。上海世博會(huì)事務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)局局長(zhǎng)、上海市政府副秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)洪浩先生發(fā)表了題為“實(shí)踐世博理念，辦好世博盛會(huì)”的演講，以下是講演內(nèi)容：

實(shí)踐世博理念，辦好世博盛會(huì)

上海世博會(huì)事務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)局局長(zhǎng)、上海市政府副秘書(shū)長(zhǎng) 洪浩

2009年11月12日 北京

Stage a Successful Expo in line with the Expo Notion

By Hong Hao Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government

Director of the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination

November 12, 2009, Beijing

各位來(lái)賓，女士們、先生們，Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen:

本次論壇是上海世博會(huì)舉行前的最后一次論壇。明年上海世博會(huì)將拉開(kāi)帷幕，迎接來(lái)自全球的朋友們。今天我想就世博會(huì)的理念和情況和大家做一些交流。

This Expo forum is the last one of its kind before the Shanghai Expo opens half a year later to welcome friends from across the world.Today, I would like to brief you on the preparations for the Shanghai Expo based on the notion for its development.一、世博價(jià)值支撐我們辦博。

I.The Expo values support our Expo preparation

被譽(yù)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和科技盛會(huì)的世博會(huì)，一直關(guān)注人類(lèi)的交流與發(fā)展，寄托人們的思想與愿望，展示創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與成就，促進(jìn)國(guó)際的合作與友誼。2010年上海世博會(huì)是中國(guó)第一次舉辦的綜合類(lèi)世博會(huì)，也是世界博覽事業(yè)在新世紀(jì)從中國(guó)這個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，闊步向前的新起點(diǎn)。

Famed as the world’s great event of the economic, cultural and technological fields, the world exposition always attaches great importance to the communication and development of the humankind.Rested with people’s thoughts and aspirations, it displays the experience and achievements people have made and helps promote international cooperation and friendship.The Shanghai Expo is the first universal exhibition to be hosted by China.It also marks a new starting point for the cause of world exposition to progress from the biggest developing country in the new century.國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)我們辦好2010年世博會(huì)充滿期待，參展各方對(duì)我們的籌備工作大力支持，世博會(huì)的內(nèi)涵日益豐富，自建館設(shè)計(jì)各具特色，租賃館、聯(lián)合館展示方案精彩紛呈，世界各國(guó)申報(bào)的文藝節(jié)目五彩繽紛，各類(lèi)論壇主題響應(yīng)熱烈。

The international community exerts high expectations for a successful Expo in 2010, and the participants strongly support our preparations.The contents of the Shanghai Expo are getting increasingly enriched: self-built pavilions are designed with unique features, while the Exhibition Projects submitted for the rented pavilions and joint pavilions are brilliant.The participants have applied for colorful performances and responded actively to the themes of various forums.作為本屆世博會(huì)的組織者，我們承擔(dān)著場(chǎng)館建設(shè)、參展服務(wù)、活動(dòng)籌備、論壇組織、會(huì)期運(yùn)營(yíng)等各項(xiàng)工作，任務(wù)十分艱巨。由于是第一次舉辦如此大規(guī)模、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的世博會(huì)，我們還缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在籌辦過(guò)程中，我們一直堅(jiān)持向舉辦過(guò)世博會(huì)的國(guó)家和城市認(rèn)真討教，向奧運(yùn)會(huì)等其他大型活動(dòng)的主辦方虛心學(xué)習(xí)，主動(dòng)聽(tīng)取國(guó)際展覽局的指導(dǎo)，努力汲取各國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，凝聚各方智慧，秉持世博會(huì)“歡聚、溝通、展示、合作”的精神，積極與各參展方攜手努力，共同辦好2010年世博會(huì)。

As the Organizer of the Shanghai Expo, we take charge of the pavilion construction, participation service, events preparations, forum organization and Expo operation, undertaking arduous tasks.We are to gain experience since this is the first time for us to hold such a large-scale and long-duration world exposition.During the preparation, we have been learning from host countries and cities of previous world expositions as well as the organizers of such large-scale events as the Olympics.We also listen to the instructions of the BIE, refer to the experience of all countries, and strive concertedly with the participants to stage a satisfying Expo in 2010 in line with the spirit of the world exposition “understanding, communication, union and cooperation”.[中文空缺]

In spite of the hard work and nervousness, we are also very excited.The Shanghai Expo has the most participating countries and international organizations in the history of the world exposition, and has its innovation embodied in the UBPA participation and the Expo Shanghai Online.Besides, this is the first expo ever hosted by a developing country.And we are confident that the Shanghai Expo with the theme of “Better City, Better Life” will promote the long-run development of Shanghai, enlighten the urbanization in China, enhance communication among different countries and boost the sustainable development of the human being.The Expo staff have a thorough understanding of the Expo values and has combined their own personal values with the Expo notion.We will overcome all difficulties and spare no effort to present a successful, splendid and unforgettable Expo.二、世博價(jià)值在于世博理念

II.The Expo values lie in its notion

每屆世博會(huì)對(duì)于主辦城市及國(guó)家的推動(dòng)是不同的，例如2000年德國(guó)漢諾威世博會(huì)進(jìn)一步鞏固了漢諾威作為歐洲國(guó)際會(huì)展中心的地位，2005年日本愛(ài)知世博會(huì)對(duì)日本中部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)了積極影響。除了每屆世博會(huì)所產(chǎn)生的不同影響，什么是世博會(huì)共性的意義所在？那就是世博會(huì)對(duì)普通民眾價(jià)值觀的影響和改變。

The world expositions vary with each other in the degree of promoting the development of the host city and country.For example, the Hannover Expo in 2000 further cemented Hannover’s status in Europe as an international exhibition center;the Aichi Expo in 2005 brought positive influence upon the economic development of the central Japan.Besides the varying influence of each world exposition, their shared significance lies in the impact and change of the common people’s values.當(dāng)19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初的公眾在世博會(huì)上看到留聲機(jī)、照相機(jī)、電視機(jī)、火車(chē)、汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)時(shí)，他們會(huì)增加對(duì)科學(xué)的追求，增加科技能改變?nèi)松男判?；在?jīng)歷了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題之后，20世紀(jì)中后期的世博會(huì)通過(guò)相應(yīng)主題讓人們堅(jiān)信，應(yīng)當(dāng)用人性來(lái)駕馭科技手段，使它們?yōu)槿祟?lèi)創(chuàng)造幸福，而不是用科技制造出來(lái)的武器相互殘殺，或者以破壞自然的代價(jià)換取經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

In late 1990s and early 2000s, the appearance of phonograph, camera, television, train, car and aircraft at the world expositions enhanced the pursuit of the public for science and raised their confidence that science and technology could change their life.After experiencing the environmental pollution brought by wars and economic development, the world expositions in the mid-and late 20th century made people believe through corresponding themes that we should stick to the principle of people-oriented in applying technologies and make them benefit the humankind, rather than fight each other with the technology-based weapons or develop economy at the cost of destroying the nature.本屆世博會(huì)的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”，我們希望能在當(dāng)今全球城市化的進(jìn)程中，為全人類(lèi)留下寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。今天世界同時(shí)受到城市化的好處和苦惱，一方面人們?yōu)榱烁玫墓ぷ鳌⒔逃?、居住以及社交條件而進(jìn)入城市，另一方面，隨著城市密度不斷提高，規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，產(chǎn)生了諸如交通擁堵、衛(wèi)生、治安以及環(huán)境污染，溫室氣體排放過(guò)量等種種問(wèn)題，由此引發(fā)的全球變暖，氣候異?，F(xiàn)象甚至已經(jīng)到了危及人類(lèi)生存的地步。對(duì)此，我們需要全球的智慧、經(jīng)驗(yàn)，來(lái)找到問(wèn)題的答案，并共同努力解決。

Focusing on the theme of “Better City, Better Life”, we hope to leave precious cultural heritages to the humankind during the global urbanization.We are both enjoying the benefits and facing with some problems brought by urbanization.On one hand, people move into cities to get better jobs, receive better education and enjoy better living and social contact conditions.On the other hand, cities keep expanding and accumulate more and more people, resulting in poor traffic, hygiene, public security and environment.Besides, global warming and climate anomaly due to excessive emission of greenhouse gases are endangering people’s life.Therefore, we need to gather the wisdom and experience around the world to address the problem.上海世博會(huì)將主要圍繞三個(gè)問(wèn)題，即“什么樣的城市讓生活更美好？什么樣的生活觀念和實(shí)踐讓城市更美好？什么樣的城市發(fā)展模式讓地球家園更美好？”來(lái)探討目前城市化進(jìn)程中全人類(lèi)面臨的問(wèn)題，并試圖從全球范圍內(nèi)尋找智慧、經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及理念。我們希望這些智慧、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和理念能夠影響的人群，不僅是城市管理者、規(guī)劃師這些城市學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士，更應(yīng)當(dāng)是千百萬(wàn)前來(lái)參觀世博會(huì)，關(guān)注世博會(huì)的普通人。我們希望前來(lái)參觀世博會(huì)、關(guān)注世博會(huì)的千百萬(wàn)普通公眾，他們對(duì)于世博會(huì)的認(rèn)識(shí)，除了在世博會(huì)里能看到新奇的建筑、領(lǐng)略各國(guó)的風(fēng)情、體驗(yàn)最新的科技；除了在參觀世博會(huì)中體驗(yàn)到好看、好吃、好玩；除了更深刻地理解世博會(huì)是“科技、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的奧林匹克”；還應(yīng)當(dāng)讓參觀者在世博會(huì)里，能夠通過(guò)各種精彩的展覽、論壇、活動(dòng)，以及體驗(yàn)網(wǎng)上世博會(huì)，接觸到當(dāng)前全人類(lèi)共同面對(duì)的情況，我們現(xiàn)在遇到了怎樣的問(wèn)題？為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這些問(wèn)題？我們需要怎么做來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題，從而讓我們的生活變得更美好？這些問(wèn)題可以引發(fā)公眾的關(guān)注和思考，進(jìn)而影響他們行為上的積極改變。這也是舉辦世博會(huì)的意義所在。

The Shanghai Expo will mainly center on three questions, that is, what kind of city can make life better? What kind of concept of life and practice can make city better? What kind of city development mode can make the earth better? In this way, we will discuss the problems confronted by the man during the urbanization and try to search for wisdom, experience and concept from across the globe.We hope the wisdom, experience and concept could influence urban administration, planners and experts in urbanology as well as the public visiting and paying attention to the Shanghai Expo.We wish the thousands of millions of visitors could enhance their knowledge in world exposition, could see distinctive buildings, enjoy customs of different countries and experience the latest technologies, and could have their appetite and eyes satisfied.We hope they could understand more profoundly that the world exposition is the Olympics of the technological, economic and cultural fields.What’s more important, we should make them know the problems facing the whole humankind via exciting exhibitions, forums, events and experience in the Expo Shanghai Online and consider the reasons and solutions to the problems, so as to realize a better life.This will arouse the awareness and thoughts of the public and thus bring changes to their behaviors.This is where the significance of the Shanghai Expo lies.三、辦好世博會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)世博理念

III.Present a successful Expo to realize the Expo notion

《國(guó)際展覽會(huì)公約》規(guī)定：世界博覽會(huì)是一種展示活動(dòng)，其宗旨在于教育大眾。世界需要世博會(huì)，正是因?yàn)槭啦?huì)的這個(gè)教育大眾的理念和歷史上實(shí)際起到的巨大作用與影響力。世博會(huì)通過(guò)全球各國(guó)、國(guó)際組織、企業(yè)、以及媒體和公眾的廣泛地共同參與，在歡樂(lè)祥和的氛圍中，以富有創(chuàng)意的展示方式，展示最新的科技和進(jìn)步，想象美好的未來(lái)，以此有效地推廣傳播理念并教育公眾。The BIE Convention regulates that the world exposition is an exhibition serving as a tool to educate the public.The world needs the world exposition because it is designed to educate the public and it has played a significance role in the history.Participated in by countries, international organizations, enterprises, media organizations and people from across the globe, the world exposition exhibit in a joyous and innovative way the latest technologies and progresses and guide the public to imagine a better future, thus effectively disseminate its concepts and educate the public.我們要用這種認(rèn)識(shí)來(lái)指導(dǎo)接下來(lái)的辦博工作：

We should instruct the following tasks based on the above understanding:

一是把各主題項(xiàng)目做好。展覽方面：五個(gè)主題館，將分別從城市人、城市、城市與地球這三個(gè)空間維度，以及城市的過(guò)去和未來(lái)這兩個(gè)時(shí)間維度，來(lái)解讀“城市，讓生活更美好”。各參展國(guó)、國(guó)際組織、中國(guó)地方政府、城市以及企業(yè)將帶來(lái)各自對(duì)于當(dāng)前城市化問(wèn)題的解答以及未來(lái)城市的設(shè)想。活動(dòng)方面：世博會(huì)期間每天約100場(chǎng)次的各類(lèi)文化演藝活動(dòng)將展示城市文化生活的精彩魅力。上海世博會(huì)中的論壇不僅是思想激蕩的舞臺(tái)，也會(huì)在高峰論壇上出臺(tái)《上海宣言》，聯(lián)合全球的力量一同解決城市化中面臨的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，我們緊扣主題，在世博會(huì)建設(shè)、籌備、運(yùn)營(yíng)的全過(guò)程中堅(jiān)持貫徹科技世博、人文世博、低碳世博、和諧世博的思想。沒(méi)有成功的精彩的展示、活動(dòng)、論壇，沒(méi)有安全有序的運(yùn)營(yíng)和參與體驗(yàn)，就無(wú)法讓觀眾感受到難忘的世博理念。

First, we should prepare well for the thematic projects.As for exhibitions, the five Theme Pavilions will interpret the theme “Better City, Better Life” via the space dimension of Urbanian, city, city and globe and the time dimension of past and future.The participating countries, international organizations, local Chinese governments, cities and enterprises will bring their solutions to problems brought by urbanization and imaginations for future cities.As for events, about 100 sessions of various performances will be staged every day during the Expo to showcase the exciting charm of urban cultural life.Forums of the Shanghai Expo will serve as a stage for brilliant ideas, and the Shanghai Declaration will be announced on the summit forum to unite resources from the world to address problems facing with the urbanization.In addition, we focus on the Expo theme and stick to the principles of Hi-tech Expo, cultural Expo, low-carbon Expo and harmonious Expo during the construction, preparation and operation.Without successful and splendid exhibitions, events and forums, and without safe and orderly operation, participation and experience, we will never make the visitors be deeply impressed by the Expo notion.二是做好園區(qū)內(nèi)外的互動(dòng)，包括網(wǎng)上世博，媒體和專(zhuān)家對(duì)世博理念的推廣，園區(qū)內(nèi)的科技和經(jīng)驗(yàn)在園區(qū)外的應(yīng)用等等。網(wǎng)上世博會(huì)是世博會(huì)歷史上的一大創(chuàng)新，突破了空間和時(shí)間的限制，觀眾可以事先通過(guò)網(wǎng)上世博會(huì)了解自己感興趣的內(nèi)容，提前安排實(shí)際游覽路線；也可以在實(shí)體參觀之后，深入了解相關(guān)內(nèi)容，理解主題和理念，或者是彌補(bǔ)無(wú)法到實(shí)地參觀的遺憾。我們也希望媒體能在明年更加關(guān)注世博會(huì)，特別是對(duì)世博會(huì)主題的關(guān)注和傳播，例如以多樣的形式解讀和剖析世博會(huì)上展示的、各國(guó)解決城市化進(jìn)程中所遇問(wèn)題的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，探討城市化的發(fā)展方向，等等。我們也希望，世博會(huì)上展示和應(yīng)用的各類(lèi)最新科技、最新工藝，能夠盡快地普及推廣，引領(lǐng)城市科學(xué)、和諧地發(fā)展。更為重要的是，我們希望能看到，通過(guò)上海世博會(huì)的舉辦，能夠讓城市管理者、規(guī)劃師，以及廣大的普通市民，關(guān)注當(dāng)前城市化現(xiàn)象和問(wèn)題，并結(jié)合自身情況，作出即使是微小的，但實(shí)際的改進(jìn)，從而在城市規(guī)劃、市政管理、企業(yè)、學(xué)術(shù)、媒體、市民等不同層面，為改善城市，創(chuàng)造美好生活作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。

Second, we shall offer smooth interaction both out and in the Expo Site, including the promotion of the Expo notion via the Expo Shanghai Online, media and experts as well as the application of intra-Site technologies and experience in areas outside the Expo Site.The Expo Shanghai Online is a great innovation in the history of the world exposition.It breaks the space and time limitations, through which the visitors will get to know what they are interested in, arrange in advance routes for tour, understand in depth relevant contents, themes and concepts after visiting the Expo or make up the pity that they could not visit the physical pavilions.We also hope the media could pay much more attention to the Shanghai Expo in the following year, and cover and disseminate the Expo theme in particular.For example, they may interpret and analyze in diversified ways the wisdom and experience of countries in addressing problems brought by the urbanization, and discuss the directions of urbanization, etc.We also hope that the latest technologies and techniques exhibited and applied in the Shanghai Expo could be popularized as soon as possible to guide the scientific and harmonious urban development.More importantly, we wish that after the Shanghai Expo, city administration, planners and the citizens could attach importance to the urbanization and the problems it brings, and make minor but useful contributions based on their own conditions.In this way, people from all levels including the city management, city administration, academic circle, media and the common public may all make due contributions to improve urban environment and create better life.三是確保運(yùn)營(yíng)的成功。5.28平方公里的世博園區(qū)，就像一個(gè)微型城市，需要為每天40萬(wàn)以上的觀眾和約10萬(wàn)工作人員提供交通、食品、用水、衛(wèi)生、通訊、治安、休閑娛樂(lè)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)。世博會(huì)運(yùn)營(yíng)的成功，不僅是讓觀眾能在舒適、安全、低成本的環(huán)境里，體驗(yàn)世博理念；其成功運(yùn)營(yíng)的本身，就是對(duì)于“城市，讓生活更美好”的詮釋和示范。

Third, we shall ensure the success of the Expo operation.Covering 5.28 square kilometers, the Expo Site is like a miniature city.It needs to offer infrastructure and services in terms of transportation, food, water, hygiene, communication, public security, leisure and entertainment for over 400,000 visitors and about 100,000 staff members every day.A successful Expo will make the visitors experience the Expo notion in a comfortable, secure and low-cost environment.Moreover, the successful operation itself is the best interpretation and demonstration of the theme “Better City, Better Life”.2009年11月12日，第七屆中國(guó)2010年上海世博國(guó)際論壇在北京召開(kāi)。上海世博會(huì)組委會(huì)委員、中國(guó)貿(mào)促會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)王錦珍發(fā)表講話，以下為講話內(nèi)容: 在第七屆中國(guó)2010年上海世博國(guó)際論壇上的講話

中國(guó)貿(mào)促會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)王錦珍 2009年11月12日

Speech at the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China Forum

By Wang Jinzhen Vice-Chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

(CCPIT)

November 12, 2009, Beijing

尊敬的韓正市長(zhǎng)、尊敬的國(guó)際展覽局藍(lán)峰主席、洛塞泰斯秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)、尊敬的各位省長(zhǎng)、各位來(lái)賓、女士們、先生們、朋友們：

Distinguished Mayor Han，Distinguished President Lafon and Secretary General Loscertales，Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen，大家上午好！首先我代表上海世博會(huì)組委會(huì)和中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)向出席論壇的各位嘉賓表示誠(chéng)摯的歡迎！

Good morning!On behalf of the National Organizing Committee of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China and China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT), and in the name of the Chief Delegate of China to the BIE, I would like to begin by extending sincere welcome to all participants at this forum.在世界積極應(yīng)對(duì)全球金融危機(jī)挑戰(zhàn)之際，由中國(guó)政府主辦為期 184天的上海世博會(huì)再有170天將在上海拉開(kāi)帷幕，從2002年中國(guó)申辦成功至今，在國(guó)際展覽局和各參展方積極參與、鼎力支持下，經(jīng)過(guò)七年的精心籌備，上海世博會(huì)籌備工作已經(jīng)進(jìn)入全面沖刺階段，蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)，我們期待著2010年與世界各國(guó)齊聚上海，共襄盛舉。

When the world is waving farewell to the first decade of the 21st Century, it will embrace the 184-day World Expo Shanghai hosted by Chinese Government 169 days from now.Since the successful bidding in 2002, thanks to the active involvement and support of BIE and all participants, the preparation for the World Expo Shanghai has come to the final sprint after seven years’ dedication.Now we are well-prepared for the world grand gathering in Shanghai next year.各位來(lái)賓，Dear guests，當(dāng)前，在全球城市化進(jìn)程快速發(fā)展的同時(shí)，各種城市問(wèn)題也在出現(xiàn)，關(guān)注城市的科學(xué)發(fā)展，解決城市發(fā)展難題已經(jīng)成為人類(lèi)社會(huì)共同關(guān)切的命題，上海世博會(huì)選擇以城市為主題，將集中展示世界各國(guó)在城市發(fā)展方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、模式和未來(lái)的發(fā)展理念，向世人展示城市文明成果，交流城市建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，傳播城市理念，共同探討城市未來(lái)發(fā)展的課題，為形成良好的人居環(huán)境和健康的工作方式，構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供生動(dòng)的例證，這將是一件具有深刻意義的事情。

Today, with the accelerating progress of global urbanization, city-related issues are emerging.It has become a common concern for human society to pay attention to scientific urban development and solve urban development problems.With the selected theme on “City”, the World Expo Shanghai will be a gallery for the world to showcase the best practice, modes, achievements and future concepts in urban development from all countries, a workshop for people to share urban-building experiences, spread urban concepts and discuss direction of the future city, and a vivid example for the pursuit of sustainable development characterized by livable environment, healthy working style and social harmony, which will be of great significance.面臨快速城市化的發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)正致力于建設(shè)全面協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市，我們衷心希望本次以“城市”為主題的上海世博會(huì)能集聚全球智慧，共同探索未來(lái)人類(lèi)生存的發(fā)展道路。

In the face of accelerating urbanization, China has devoted itself to building well-balanced sustainable cities.We sincerely hope that global wisdom will be pooled at this city-focused World Expo Shanghai so that world people would be enabled to explore the future path for human survival and development.朋友們，Dear friends，中國(guó)與世博會(huì)的關(guān)系源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，從1851年開(kāi)始中國(guó)官方和民間通過(guò)派員參觀或以實(shí)物參展等形式先后多次走進(jìn)世博會(huì)，接受了近代文明的洗禮，新中國(guó)成立以后，中國(guó)貿(mào)促會(huì)代表中國(guó)先后參加了12次世博會(huì)，并一直積極促進(jìn)世博會(huì)事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。中國(guó)在1999年成功舉辦了昆明世界園藝博覽會(huì)，又將于2019年舉辦上海世界博覽會(huì)，這不但表達(dá)了中國(guó)尋求與世界各國(guó)交流、共同發(fā)展的良好愿望，而且也是世界各國(guó)加強(qiáng)溝通的平臺(tái)。

China’s connection with the World Expo is long.It participated officially and non-officially in the form of individual and delegation visits as well as real exhibits, baptized by modern civilization for many times starting from 1851.Since the founding of New China, CCPIT has participated in the World Expo for 12 times on behalf of Chinese Government and has been playing an active role in undertaking the World Expo missions.A good reflection is the successful hosting of 1999 Kunming International Horticulture Exposition and the anticipating World Expo Shanghai, not only expressing China’s intention to seek constant cooperation and co-development with other countries, but also serving as a platform for countries to enhance communication.自上海世博會(huì)申辦成功以來(lái)，中國(guó)政府高度重視上海世博會(huì)籌備工作，胡錦濤主席多次強(qiáng)調(diào)：辦好2010年上海世博會(huì)是實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展的重要契機(jī)，并指出，要舉全中國(guó)之力，集世界智慧，以上海世博會(huì)為契機(jī)，為推進(jìn)世界各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)和文化交流與合作，擺脫金融危機(jī)的影響，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展作出努力。

China has been attaching great importance to the preparation of the World Expo Shanghai since the successful bidding.As stressed repeatedly by President Hu Jintao, the World Expo Shanghai is a pivotal opportunity for fulfillment of the Scientific Outlook on Development and the entire nation should make good use of this opportunity, by pooling the global wisdom, to make contribution to getting out of the financial crisis towards sustainable development through cooperation and exchanges in economy, technology and culture between countries.剛才溫家寶總理在主旨演講中對(duì)上海世博會(huì)加強(qiáng)全球合作、促進(jìn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展提出了殷切的希望，這充分體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)辦好上海世博會(huì)的堅(jiān)定決心。上海世博會(huì)組委會(huì)成立以來(lái)，中央政府各有關(guān)部門(mén)和上海市緊密配合，通力協(xié)作，圍繞參展事務(wù)、園區(qū)建設(shè)、宣傳推介、法律保障、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)等方面全力推進(jìn)辦博工作，各省區(qū)市也積極參展，并期待與各參展方的全面合作。

Just now in his keynote speech, Premier Wen Jiabao also expressed eager expectation for the role of the World Expo Shanghai in promoting global partnership and sustainable urban development.All this is a reflection of the confidence of the Chinese Government in the success of this Expo.As soon as the National Organizing Committee of World Expo Shanghai was established, related Central Government departments started to collaborate with Shanghai Municipal Government in all aspects including participation issues, pavilion construction, promoting, legal assurance, medical and hygienic issues and intellectual property right, etc.to ensure smooth preparation.Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities also take their parts as participants and are longing for full cooperation with other participants.作為國(guó)際展覽局和世博會(huì)大家庭的一員，中國(guó)期待著與世界各國(guó)朋友一道在異彩紛呈的上海世博會(huì)上感受文化創(chuàng)意、體驗(yàn)科學(xué)進(jìn)步、交流發(fā)展理念、共享文明成果，為新世紀(jì)城市的發(fā)展探索新的模式和新的發(fā)展思路，為和諧社會(huì)的締造和人類(lèi)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展作出卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。

As a member of the BIE and World Expo family, China is ready to share the world friends with cultural creativity, scientific and technological advancement, ideas on development and achievements of civilization on a wonderful World Expo Shanghai, so that we could explore new modes and thoughts for cities in the new century and make outstanding contribution to social harmony and sustainable human development.女士們、先生們，Ladies and gentlemen，不同文明交流、兼容并蓄是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的不竭動(dòng)力，上海世博會(huì)把來(lái)自不同文明、不同地域的智慧凝聚在一起，共同描繪城市美好的未來(lái)，我們相信本屆論壇一定能夠?yàn)槲覀儙?lái)啟迪和收獲，為上海世博會(huì)成功舉辦貢獻(xiàn)智慧，最后預(yù)祝本屆世博會(huì)國(guó)際論壇取得圓滿成功，歡迎屆時(shí)大家到上海參觀上海世博會(huì)。

Complementary exchanges, learning and tolerance between civilizations is an inexhaustible driving force for the social progress.In this spirit, the World Expo Shanghai will function as a pool of wisdoms from various civilizations and geographical regions to conceive a better future for cities.This Forum, I believe, will inspire us to deliver an Expo of wisdom.To conclude, I wish the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China a complete success.謝謝大家！

Thank you all.11月12日，第七屆中國(guó)2010年上海世博會(huì)國(guó)際論壇在北京閉幕。上海市市長(zhǎng)、上海世博會(huì)組委會(huì)副主任委員韓正先生主持閉幕式，國(guó)際展覽局秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)洛塞泰斯先生作閉幕演講。以下是相關(guān)內(nèi)容：

Speech at the 7th World Expo 2010 Shanghai China Forum

By Vicente Loscertales Secretary General of the International Expositions Bureau(BIE)

November 12, 2009, Beijing 在第七屆中國(guó)2010年上海世博會(huì)國(guó)際論壇上的講話

國(guó)際展覽局秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)洛塞泰斯

2009年11月12日

Your excellence Mr.Vice Premier, Your excellence Mayor of Shanghai, Distinguished guests.Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen，尊敬的副總理先生、尊敬的上海市長(zhǎng)、各位尊敬的來(lái)賓們、朋友們、女士們、先生們：

It is a great honor to share with you some perspectives at the conclusion of this last World Expo Forum.Since China began its preparation work for Shanghai 2010, the organizers have maintained their commitment to organize a yearly forum in cooperation with the BIE.Each forum has achieved its stated objectives and has supported the preparation work for Expo 2010, especially as it pertains to the development of the theme.能夠在這一屆論壇結(jié)束之際和大家分享一些我的看法，我感到非常榮幸。自中國(guó)開(kāi)始為上海世博準(zhǔn)備以來(lái)，組織者一直履行著自己的承諾：每年都要和國(guó)際展覽局一起舉辦一屆這樣的論壇。這些論壇都實(shí)現(xiàn)了既定目標(biāo)，而且也支持了世博籌備工作，特別是在主題發(fā)展方面作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。

At the same time, with each forum, the Expo has forged new beneficial connections with other host cities, and has strengthened the partnership with the BIE.I am especially grateful to the organizers for their cooperation with the BIE which has contributed to reinforce our friendship and mutual trust.This has contributed to improve the preparation work for the Expo, and to make our organization stronger.In this last forum, we have heard complete and compelling presentations of the exhibitions, the events and the forums that Expo Shanghai has in store for us.For this reason, I suggest that we project ourselves beyond the actual event and reflect on what Shanghai 2010 means for the future of Expos and of the BIE.與此同時(shí)，隨著每一屆論壇的召開(kāi)，上海世博會(huì)和其他世博主辦城市建立了新的、有益的關(guān)系，同時(shí)也加強(qiáng)了和組織者合作的關(guān)系，我特別感謝上海世博會(huì)組織者和國(guó)際展覽局的合作，這將會(huì)不斷推動(dòng)我們相互之間的友誼和互信，同時(shí)它也對(duì)世博會(huì)作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，使得所有的組織更加強(qiáng)大。在最后的論壇中，我們聽(tīng)到了有關(guān)于上海世博會(huì)的各種展覽、活動(dòng)及論壇相關(guān)報(bào)告，因此我覺(jué)得我們不僅僅要看上海世博會(huì)本身，而且要看一下對(duì)于上海世博會(huì)、對(duì)于我們的世博會(huì)及國(guó)際展覽局的未來(lái)意味著什么。

The title of this forum could not have been more appropriate.The objective of Building the Future City with Global Wisdom is implicit in the mission of Expos.However, in the coming years, it must become a more explicit and overarching goal of Expos and an integral part of the roadmap for the strategy of the BIE.我們是有著一百多個(gè)國(guó)家參與的組織，這屆論壇的主題非常合適。“凝聚全球智慧，共創(chuàng)城市未來(lái)”，這個(gè)主題隱含在過(guò)去這些年來(lái)世博的使命當(dāng)中，在未來(lái)它必須變得更加清晰，對(duì)于國(guó)際展覽局的路線和戰(zhàn)略來(lái)說(shuō)它也是內(nèi)在的部分和重要的目標(biāo)。

There is no better time and no better place than Shanghai 2010 to launch this reflection.The time is right because cities are emerging as key players in the global stage in two respects.Cities are becoming more and more influential in the world stage.Cities are ultimately responsible for the implementation of policies and solutions involving quality of life, cultural diversity, economic strength and social advancement.For this reason, today they are at the center of the global efforts to enhance urban environments, and therefore quality of life.In this context, where cities are emerging as stronger and stronger players, Expos are becoming instruments that support a city’s differentiation amongst its peers.2010年在上海舉辦世博會(huì)是最為合適的，城市在全球舞臺(tái)上越來(lái)越重要，體現(xiàn)在兩方面，城市在全球舞臺(tái)上越來(lái)越有影響力，要由城市提供很多解決辦法，比如在文化多樣性、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力以及社會(huì)發(fā)展方面的，這一天我們聽(tīng)到了很多相關(guān)內(nèi)容，正因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，城市正是全球加強(qiáng)環(huán)境和提高生活質(zhì)量的努力的中心。在這一背景之下，城市變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大、越來(lái)越重要，世博可以成為支持城市差異化的非常好的工具。Through its theme, cultural diversity, new technologies, urban and cultural renewal, the Expo offers a platform that gives new breadth and depth to a city’s identity.Shanghai 2010 will catalyze the energies and the visions of the world on how to build the future cities with global wisdom, and will show how the Expo directly supports the city’s endeavor in influencing the global dialogue and dynamics in the area of the theme.通過(guò)世博的主題、文化多樣性、新技術(shù)和振興，世博可以成為一個(gè)很好的平臺(tái)給予城市身份認(rèn)同以新的寬度和廣度，而上海世博將會(huì)進(jìn)一步激發(fā)世界能量和愿景，通過(guò)匯聚全球智慧就如何建立更好的城市展開(kāi)討論。

The place is right for three related reasons.Because of the combination of the size, the rapid development of a relatively young megalopolis and, finally, the millenary tradition of China, Shanghai, like no other city, embodies the different challenges faced by the majority of cities in the world.Shanghai is also the first Expo to take place in the developing world.This makes it a well suited venue to bring together diverse experiences and build the bridges that will help improve the cities of tomorrow.Finally, China is demonstrating an outstanding ability to leverage its Expo as a means to shape its image abroad, to pursue major educational campaigns and to cement its cooperation ties with a variety of international players.為什么這么說(shuō)呢？有三個(gè)原因，因?yàn)樯虾５囊?guī)模和它的迅速發(fā)展，再加上中國(guó)幾千年的歷史，相比其他城市而言，上海面臨的挑戰(zhàn)也是大多數(shù)城市所面臨的不同挑戰(zhàn)，就像前面有發(fā)言者提到的，上海世博是第一屆發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉辦的世博，在這里我們可以看到各種多樣性經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們要建立相應(yīng)的橋梁、改善未來(lái)的城市，除此之外，中國(guó)可以以世博作為載體進(jìn)一步提升它在海外的形象，并且可以進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)和鞏固一系列與國(guó)際方面的關(guān)系、合作。

As the global community looks to connect developed and developing world, East and West, North and South, rich and poor, urban and rural environments, past and future, Shanghai這是一個(gè)莊嚴(yán)的決定，不論是什么困難，我們已承諾要彼此仁慈地相愛(ài)。

You have both made your decision today – “I will” – and by making this new relationship, you have aligned yourselves with what we believe is the way in which life is spiritually evolving, and which will lead to a creative future for the human race.今天你們兩人都做出了“我愿意”這個(gè)決定，通過(guò)建立這個(gè)新的關(guān)系，你們讓自己與我們所相信的保持一致-生命是精神的成長(zhǎng)，將會(huì)為人類(lèi)帶來(lái)一個(gè)有創(chuàng)意的未來(lái)。

We stand looking forward to a century which is full of promise and full of peril.Human beings are confronting the question of how to use wisely a power that has been given to us through the discoveries of the last century.We shall not be converted to the promise of the future by more knowledge, but rather by an increase of loving wisdom and reverence, for life, for the earth and for one another.我們共同期待著一個(gè)既充滿希望又充滿危險(xiǎn)的世紀(jì)，通過(guò)上個(gè)世紀(jì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類(lèi)面臨著如何智慧的運(yùn)用賦予我們手中權(quán)力的問(wèn)題，我們不會(huì)靠更多的知識(shí)而轉(zhuǎn)變成未來(lái)的希望，而是通過(guò)對(duì)生命、大地、以及彼此的愛(ài)的智慧和崇敬。Marriage should transform, as husband and wife make one another their work of art.It is possible to transform as long as we do not harbour ambitions to reform our partner.There must be no coercion if the Spirit is to flow;each must give the other space and freedom.Chaucer, the London poet, sums it up in a pithy phrase: 婚姻是應(yīng)該令人改變的，只要這種改變是建立在夫妻將對(duì)方成為自己的藝術(shù)作品?；橐鍪强梢愿淖兊娜说?，只要我們不要有去改造對(duì)方的雄心。精神的成長(zhǎng)絕對(duì)不是靠強(qiáng)制，每個(gè)人必須給予對(duì)方空間和自由。倫敦的詩(shī)人喬叟，在詩(shī)中寫(xiě)道： “Whan maistrie [mastery] comth, the God of Love anon, Beteth his wynges, and farewell, he is gon.”

As the reality of God has faded from so many lives in the West, there has been a corresponding inflation of expectations that personal relations alone will supply meaning and happiness in life.This is to load our partner with too great a burden.We are all incomplete: we all need the love which is secure, rather than oppressive, we need mutual forgiveness, to thrive.由于在西方很多人淡忘了上帝這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)，從而產(chǎn)生了對(duì)兩性關(guān)系相應(yīng)膨脹的期望，希望兩性關(guān)系能提供生活的意義與幸福。這會(huì)給我們的伴侶帶來(lái)巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。我們都不完整：我們都需要安全而不是壓抑的愛(ài)，我們需要相互寬恕，共同成長(zhǎng)。As we move towards our partner in love, following the example of Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit is quickened within us and can increasingly fill our lives with light.This leads to a family life which offers the best conditions in which the next generation can practise and exchange those gifts which can overcome fear and division and incubate the coming world of the Spirit, whose fruits are love and joy and peace.遵循著耶穌.基督的榜樣，當(dāng)我們心懷仁慈走向我們的伴侶時(shí)，圣靈在我們之中增長(zhǎng)，我們的生活會(huì)越來(lái)越充滿光明。這會(huì)為下一代提供最佳的家庭生活條件，在這種條件下，下一代能夠訓(xùn)練和交換那些能夠克服恐懼和分裂才能，并培養(yǎng)未來(lái)世界的精神，這精神成果是愛(ài)、歡樂(lè)與和平。

I pray that all of us present and the many millions watching this ceremony and sharing in your joy today, will do everything in our power to support and uphold you in your new life.And I pray that God will bless you in the way of life that you have chosen, that way which is expressed in the prayer that you have composed together in preparation for this day: 我祈禱今天所有在場(chǎng)的以及觀看今天儀式并分享歡樂(lè)的億萬(wàn)人民，都能盡其所能支持你們的新生活。我也祈禱上帝能夠保佑你們，使你們所選擇的生活正如你們之前寫(xiě)下的祈禱一樣美滿：

God our Father, we thank you for our families;for the love that we share and for the joy of our marriage.我們的天父，我們感謝您賜予我們彼此的家庭，相互的愛(ài)情以及幸福的婚姻。In the busyness of each day keep our eyes fixed on what is real and important in life and help us to be generous with our time and love and energy.讓我們?cè)诿β档拿恳惶熘?，將目光放在生命里真?shí)而重要的事情上，指引我們奉獻(xiàn)我們的時(shí)間、愛(ài)與能量。

Strengthened by our union help us to serve and comfort those who suffer.We ask this in the Spirit of Jesus Christ.Amen.讓我們結(jié)合并增強(qiáng)力量，指引我們?nèi)シ?wù)與安慰那些受苦的人。我們以耶穌基督的精神祈禱。阿門(mén)。