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      MBA英語(yǔ)總結(jié)

      時(shí)間:2019-05-12 06:26:46下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《MBA英語(yǔ)總結(jié)》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《MBA英語(yǔ)總結(jié)》。

      第一篇:MBA英語(yǔ)總結(jié)

      MBA英語(yǔ)總結(jié)

      Part Ⅰ、Writing ⒈避開(kāi)扣分點(diǎn)(語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤)的措施: ①對(duì)動(dòng)詞前面加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

      ②對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式如果不確定,則這么處理(Knowledge → many kinds of knowledge)。③不能用You作為人稱代詞。④從句盡量少用,防止錯(cuò)誤。

      ⒉內(nèi)容上:要控制自己的思想,在漢語(yǔ)上控制,英語(yǔ)作文不要求思想內(nèi)容是否深刻。措施:

      ①有針對(duì)性地選定范文結(jié)構(gòu),按范文結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)寫(xiě),加少部分自己的內(nèi)容。②注意語(yǔ)言多樣化,用好“七種武器”。

      ⒊經(jīng)典句式: ⅰ、as ① 段首句:

      As a matter of fact, ______.As is fairly well-known to us all, ______.上述句型就是“萬(wàn)能句型,無(wú)所不在”,可以用在文中任何位置。② 列舉:

      ……as follows, ______(First, ……)As will be listed below, ______ ③ 插入語(yǔ):

      主語(yǔ):as it is,謂語(yǔ)______.主語(yǔ):as it were,謂語(yǔ)______.插入語(yǔ)能提高句子的檔次。④ 段末句:

      As discussed so far, ______.(結(jié)論)

      As for as(主題詞)I am concerned, ______.(結(jié)論)As far as I am concerned, ______.(自己觀點(diǎn))

      Just as an old and popular saying goes, ______.(諺語(yǔ)結(jié)束)Just as any coin has two sides, ______.(結(jié)論)ⅱ、It ①It goes without saying that ______.(不用說(shuō)……)

      ②It is commonly(generally/popularly/widely)through(believed/argued/estimated/held)by a majority of experts that ______.③It is quite obvious(clear/evident)that ______.④It is for beyond any reasonable doubt that ______.⑤It may seem pretty likely that ______.ⅲ、There ①There is no denying to the obvious fact ______.(不可否認(rèn))②There is no exception to the rule that ______.(無(wú)一例外)ⅳ、to ①To be honest, ______(= To tell the truth, ______).②To cut a long story short, ______.(文章結(jié)尾句)③To put it in another way, ______.④To put it more exactly, ______.⑤To put it simply, ______ ⅴ、Intervention ①in a remarkable sense, ______.②on any significant scale, ______.③to a considerable extent, ______.ⅵ、List ①First/First and foremost of all/On one hand/To begin with/For one thing ②Second/What’s more/In addition/On other hand ③Third/Last but not least/Finally/For another thing For one thing ______ for another ______.(表示列舉)

      ⒋文章類型及結(jié)構(gòu) ⅰ、觀點(diǎn)類: ①兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)論述:

      P1:When it comes to a vital topic of …, there are always different viewpoint among the general public in our society, …(總體上介紹)P2(Ⅰ):It is commonly and wildly thought by a small group of people that …, in order to make this point clear, they put forward some interesting argument as listed below, …(贊同的觀點(diǎn))P2(Ⅱ):On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise, according to them, …, they also arise some remarkable points as follows, … P3:As discussed so far there is certain truth in both views.So far as I know, the first group of people seem to be on a form stand.Therefore I prefer to side with them.②一個(gè)主觀點(diǎn):

      提出觀點(diǎn)→深入論述→結(jié)束(范文)③問(wèn)題型:

      問(wèn)題是什么→原因→解決辦法(范文)ⅱ、圖表作文:

      P1:一個(gè)變化兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù),典型數(shù)據(jù)。

      禁止使用倍數(shù)關(guān)系

      禁止使用the more…the more… P2:敘述原因(1~3個(gè))P3:預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì) ⅲ、商務(wù)作文: ①Claim ②Apology ③Demand for payment ④Offer 范文(教材303~306)⒌諺語(yǔ):

      ①Honestly is the best policy.(誠(chéng)實(shí)為上)②Practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧)③No pains, no gains.(熟能生巧)④A friend in need is a friend indeed.⑤Money is everything.(金錢(qián)萬(wàn)能)⑥Knowledge is power.(知識(shí)就是力量)⒍關(guān)于WTO語(yǔ)句(見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作寶典)

      Part Ⅱ、Reading Comprehension ⒈時(shí)間分配

      15分鐘/篇 = 1分鐘(主旨題)+ 6分鐘(讀文章)+ 8分鐘(做題目)⒉Facts做細(xì)節(jié)題步驟:

      ①縮小范圍(根據(jù)Main idea)。

      ②找線索比較(題目Key Words對(duì)應(yīng)文章Key Words)。③換詞:找出出題者如何換詞(Replacement of word)。閱讀理解三步走:①研究主旨題;②細(xì)節(jié)題;③看如何換詞 推論題可暫時(shí)放開(kāi)不做,做后再作。⒊Short answer(簡(jiǎn)答題)答案必須簡(jiǎn)練,不必是完整句。①主旨題(idea):Common nouns.例:P&D of blacks in American.②Facts 找Source→Copy(從原文中找)③歸納題:自己找詞歸納。原則: a)、short

      b)、copy

      c)、conclusion ④新題型:論點(diǎn)在前,論據(jù)在后。到論據(jù)前找論點(diǎn),論證方法,一般為:giving example ⑤回答Why:去掉Because of,直接答出關(guān)鍵詞(注意不要大寫(xiě))。完整句回答:a)、so that

      b)、because

      Part Ⅲ、Translation ⒈從句(重點(diǎn))

      ① 定語(yǔ)從句:N(SVO)——總是一個(gè)得分點(diǎn)。

      對(duì)于較短的定語(yǔ)從句,直接提前,長(zhǎng)句則要注意拆分。Where引導(dǎo)的從句90%以上為定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句翻譯后的注意位置變化。② 主語(yǔ)從句: 先譯主語(yǔ)。③ 狀語(yǔ)從句:

      先譯主句:原因是…,條件是…,結(jié)果是… ⒉同位語(yǔ):

      ① 譯成定語(yǔ)從句:N1N2→N2N1

      ② 先從句。例:The fact I passed the exam is true.(我考試通過(guò)是事實(shí)。)⒊比較結(jié)構(gòu):出現(xiàn)省略結(jié)構(gòu),否定語(yǔ)等 ① more…, than… as…, as… 從后往前譯

      ②no more…, than… ③A not so much … as B ④as much as ⑤歧義詞組:as well a(也),as far as(就…來(lái)說(shuō)),as long as(只要).⒋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞: V-ing,to V,V-ed ①修飾名詞:作定語(yǔ) ②修飾動(dòng)詞:作狀語(yǔ)

      ? 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):正當(dāng) ? 原因狀語(yǔ):因?yàn)?? 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):結(jié)果 ? 目的狀語(yǔ):為了

      Part Ⅳ、語(yǔ)法:

      步驟:①Choice(選項(xiàng))→②相似選項(xiàng)選出key(排除明顯不相似詞)→③、sentence 根據(jù)相似選項(xiàng),前后觀察,從結(jié)構(gòu)上選key.⒈從句:

      ①?gòu)木湟龑?dǎo)詞:as → what → which → that ②狀語(yǔ)從句:provided = given(= if),directly = immediately(=as soon as).③unless(= if not),not…until(搭配)④從句成分——SVD.狀語(yǔ)從句——邏輯含義,兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。If, when, unless, not until ⒉非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:

      ①V-ing —— 主動(dòng);V-ed —— 被動(dòng) ②V-ing —— 現(xiàn)在;to V —— 將來(lái)

      ③N V-ing S V O;SVO,V-ing;獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) ④介詞后,V,V-ing ⒊虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ①倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

      ②建議(命令,假設(shè))that S V(原型)⒋結(jié)構(gòu)

      ①比較結(jié)構(gòu):A:more N.…than N.(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與more后的N一致)

      B:倍數(shù)關(guān)系:twice more…than…;twice as…as…;

      ②倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):Hardly(Only,No…)S V O What = That that

      ①句首:

      As a matter of fact, …

      As is fairly well-known to us all, … ②列舉:

      ……as follows, ______(First, ……)As will be listed below, ______ ③插入:

      主語(yǔ):as it is,謂語(yǔ)______.主語(yǔ):as it were,謂語(yǔ)______.④結(jié)束:

      As discussed so far, ______.(結(jié)論)

      As for as(主題詞)I am concerned, ______.(結(jié)論)As far as I am concerned, ______.(自己觀點(diǎn))

      Just as an old and popular saying goes, ______.(諺語(yǔ)結(jié)束)Just as an old proverb goes, ______.Just as an old idiom goes, ______.Just as any coin has two sides, ______.(結(jié)論)⑤

      It goes without saying that ______.(不用說(shuō)……)

      It is commonly(generally/popularly/widely)through(believed/argued/estimated/held)by a majority of experts that ______.It is quite obvious(clear/evident)that ______.It is for beyond any reasonable doubt that ______.It may seem pretty likely that ______.⑥

      There is no denying to the obvious fact ______.(不可否認(rèn))There is no exception to the rule that ______.(無(wú)一例外)⑦

      To be honest, ______(= To tell the truth, ______).To cut a long story short, ______.(文章結(jié)尾句)To put it in another way, ______.To put it more exactly, ______.To put it simply, ______ ⑧列舉:

      First/First and foremost of all/On one hand/To begin with/For one thing Second/What’s more/In addition/On other hand Third/Last but not least/Finally/For another thing For one thing ______ for another ______.(表示列舉)

      模式一:?jiǎn)栴}→原因→解決辦法

      AIDS in Modern Society Recently, there has been a wide concern among the general public with respect to AIDS.As can be seen from the newspapers and TV programs, there are already many cases of AIDS in our life.If the present situation goes on, serious sequences will be inevitable in the near future.Then how to prevent it from further spread.First and foremost of all, we should learn the facts that how AIDS is transmitted and how it is not transmitted.What’s more, we should share that knowledge with our family and community.Last but not the least, we need government support from both areas of finance and law.Only through these efforts, I believe, can the problem of AIDS be efficiently solved soon.They also arise some remarkable points as follows, …, besides, … P3(My view):

      As discussed so far above there is certain truth in both views.As far as I know, … , Therefore I prefer to side with them.模式二:雙觀點(diǎn)型

      Position and Negative Aspects of Sports When it comes to a vital topic of sports, there are always different viewpoints among the general public in our modern society.It is commonly thought to majority of people that sports are of great important to people’s health.To begin with, as a matter of fact, sports stimulate blood circulation.In addition, it goes without saying that sports can help digestion.Last but not the least, sports, as it were, make one energetic.On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise.According to them, sports are time-consuming in the morning.Furthermore, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, it will do harm to his health, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.As discussed so far above there is certain truth in both views.As far as I know, the first group of people may seem to be reasonable and therefore I prefer to side with them.框架:

      P1(introduction):

      When it comes to a vital topic of ______, there are always different viewpoints among the general public in our modern society.It is commonly thought to majority of people that ______.In order to make this point clear, they put forward some interesting argument as listed below.First and foremost of all, ______, what’s more, ______.Last but not the least, ______.P2(discussed):

      On the other hand, it must be admitted that other people may think otherwise.According to them, ______.

      第二篇:01 MBA英語(yǔ)沖刺總結(jié)

      MBA英語(yǔ)總結(jié)

      一、閱讀理解A

      (一)解題順序

      1、題目標(biāo)題:快速定位題目核心詞及題型—目的文章中快速定位文章所在位置

      2、文首文尾:詳讀文首文尾,特別文首句,明白文章主體寫(xiě)什么;總-分-總;總-分

      3、順序解題:按文章順序,根據(jù)定位具體題目對(duì)應(yīng)文章位置,詳細(xì)解題;

      (二)總體原則

      1、開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山點(diǎn)主題:關(guān)注文首/段首句;

      2、轉(zhuǎn)折之后必答案,轉(zhuǎn)折之后是重點(diǎn),轉(zhuǎn)折之后即觀點(diǎn),轉(zhuǎn)折之后表態(tài)度;

      轉(zhuǎn)折單詞:but ,however,though,yet ,hardly,while, certainly, 轉(zhuǎn)折詞組:in fact,of course,sad to say,as a matter of fact,(三)文章結(jié)構(gòu)

      1、文章結(jié)構(gòu):總-分或總-分-總,要么轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比,要么舉例說(shuō)明。每段的第一句很重要,尤其總分結(jié)構(gòu)的段。通過(guò)首段或者前兩段,來(lái)把握信息點(diǎn)。也就是作者想說(shuō)什么。

      2、中心論點(diǎn):中心句一般在段首。舉例段一般在舉例前后。轉(zhuǎn)折之后即中心(或者后一句,一般在該段的第三行上下浮動(dòng))。重點(diǎn)詞:that mean,the notion is that

      3、文章舉例:舉例都是為了說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)的。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)(中心句),大部分會(huì)在舉例之前已經(jīng)表達(dá)了,部分在舉例之后表達(dá)。一定要找出作者舉例想說(shuō)明的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。

      4、關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)折:轉(zhuǎn)折的時(shí)候,你要知道作者對(duì)什么進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。

      (四)題型思路:

      1、細(xì)節(jié)題:

      (1)特殊選項(xiàng)即答案:一個(gè)與其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)很不一樣;(2)根據(jù)題干找選項(xiàng):

      提問(wèn)式問(wèn)法:選項(xiàng)回答題干即答案what,which,why 補(bǔ)全填空法:選項(xiàng)帶入題干,邏輯相符通順;

      2、詞/句義題:

      關(guān)鍵看詞匯附近上下文語(yǔ)境理解該處詞義;統(tǒng)一視同為生詞;

      (1)考熟詞:考生一般最熟悉的相近意非答案,不能按已知意思找選項(xiàng);(2)考生詞:

      并列關(guān)系:同義詞;which means,in other words,to put it simply 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:反義詞

      解釋說(shuō)明:選項(xiàng)用原詞解釋原詞非答案

      3、推斷題:

      (1)題干標(biāo)志:infer,imply,indicate,暗示了推斷了

      (2)選項(xiàng)不能與原文一樣,但也不能沒(méi)關(guān)系,原文某句話找到根據(jù),同義詞替換(3)最佳方法:排除選項(xiàng)法

      4、態(tài)度題:

      (1)題干出現(xiàn):attitude,viewpoint,opinion,standing point;(2)選詞總結(jié)

      / 5

      CD基本不選,主要在AB里選擇;A正向;B負(fù)向;關(guān)鍵作者使用詞性方向;同類排

      5、事例分析:

      (1)題干標(biāo)志:case,example:(2)一般例前句為答案,例后面少;觀點(diǎn)+例子證明;(3)就近找答案,同義詞替換為選項(xiàng);

      6、主旨題

      (1)題干關(guān)鍵詞:main idea,topic,title,entitle,purpose,maily above(2)看文首開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山點(diǎn)主旨;首段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為答案;開(kāi)頭提問(wèn)式,選項(xiàng)回答即答案;(3)選項(xiàng)尋找關(guān)鍵詞;文首段首高頻關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)即答案;(4)擴(kuò)大/縮小信息非答案;例子/原句非答案;

      (五)解題技巧

      1、正確選項(xiàng):

      (1)高頻詞對(duì)應(yīng)法:特別文首、段首關(guān)鍵高頻詞;

      (2)同義詞替換法:選項(xiàng)與文章出題處一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞,同義詞替換表相同意;(3)選項(xiàng)矛盾選一:選項(xiàng)中意思完全相反的2個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中之一是對(duì)的(4)詞匯題的選項(xiàng):在原文的該詞匯附近的句子;

      并列關(guān)系或解釋——同義詞。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系——反義詞。

      (5)語(yǔ)氣委婉不絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)往往是答案:can,could,probably,may,maybe,might,be likely to,most,more or less,relatively,assumably,ordinarily presumedly,about,approximately,almost,nearly,perhaps等。含有某種、某些、某人的不確定的指代含義的選項(xiàng)往往是答案some,someone,somebody,something,certain,somewhat,sometime,somewhere.含有表示“發(fā)展變化”含義的選項(xiàng)往往是答案:change,delay,improve,postpone,increase,alter,decrease,decline,expand,develop,grow,evolution,progress,influence,transfer,transform等。含有表示“重要”含義的選項(xiàng)往往是答案:

      important,necessity,essential,necessary,crucial,critical,fatal,main,concernful,momentous,significant,staple,vital.正確答案幾率較大的詞:some,should,change,effort,endeavor.2、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)

      (1)同類項(xiàng)排除法:選項(xiàng)相同選項(xiàng)非答案;(2)重復(fù)原文非答案;

      (3)擴(kuò)大/縮小信息非答案;

      (4)文章例子非答案:用文章里舉例的句子來(lái)作為選項(xiàng),直接排除;(5)張冠李戴偷換概念非答案;

      / 5(6)無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)非答案:與文章無(wú)關(guān),節(jié)外生枝選項(xiàng)非;(7)選項(xiàng)主謂賓與題干原文不一致非答案;(8)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)only的非答案;

      語(yǔ)氣過(guò)于絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)往往不是答案:must,always,never,the most(最高級(jí)),all,only,any,none,entirely,utterly,every,completely,necessary, dispensable,indispensable,certainly,undoubtedly,definitely,surely, by all means,all to nothing,to acertainty,等。

      二、閱讀理解B(7選5)

      (一)多項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)(易):

      1、尋找題干關(guān)鍵詞:名稱、人名、數(shù)字、謂動(dòng)、信息詞等

      2、回到原文定位:跳讀,尋找題關(guān)鍵詞在文章出處,標(biāo)記;

      3、原文與選項(xiàng)比較:同義詞替換

      4、解題技巧:先選擇簡(jiǎn)單可確定的選項(xiàng);反向選擇最終難的題目;

      (二)選小標(biāo)題(難):段落中心思想

      1、出題說(shuō)明:橫線為下面段落的主要標(biāo)題內(nèi)容;

      2、分析選項(xiàng):尋找選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞,標(biāo)出;

      3、段落定位:關(guān)注段首,細(xì)節(jié)精讀;

      4、解題方法:高頻詞對(duì)應(yīng)解題法;同義詞替換法;

      5、解題順序:先做確定簡(jiǎn)單的,再做難的-反選(最后的排除法)

      三、翻譯題

      1、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 卷面分,內(nèi)容分,不能有錯(cuò)別字,全部為中文。

      2、卷面形式:卷面整潔,字?jǐn)?shù)滿格,字跡清晰,內(nèi)容“信達(dá)雅”,準(zhǔn)確完整通順;

      3、翻譯技巧:

      (1)直譯與意譯相結(jié)合原則;盡量先直譯,不行再意譯(2)詞匯翻譯:

      增詞法:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,適當(dāng)增加詞語(yǔ);

      重復(fù)法:避免歧義和語(yǔ)義明確,把漢語(yǔ)重復(fù); 比喻法:盡量適用中文,同比英語(yǔ)對(duì)仗發(fā)譯;(3)否定肯定轉(zhuǎn)換:

      肯翻否:rather A than B 選A非B,more than ,better than ,far from 否翻肯:not until,no less than Anyting but =not at all 一點(diǎn)也不

      4、翻譯順序:

      (1)簡(jiǎn)單句找謂動(dòng),長(zhǎng)難句找連詞;遇到長(zhǎng)難分句翻。

      (2)正常主從正序翻,形式主/賓從還原翻,主從長(zhǎng)難分句翻;(3)方式/目的/時(shí)狀/地狀/定語(yǔ)從句提前翻,表語(yǔ)從句正序翻(4)同位語(yǔ)從句提前翻(被修飾的名詞之前),若被隔開(kāi)分句翻;

      (5)主從在句首,動(dòng)詞之后是賓從,系動(dòng)之后是表從,名詞之后同位從(6)非限定從句分句翻,英語(yǔ)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)跟隨翻;

      / 5

      四、寫(xiě)作

      (一)大作文

      1、柱狀bar/曲線line chart(1)第一段:開(kāi)篇數(shù)字

      The given bar/line chart clearly illustrates great changes from the year__to the year__.According to the data revealed by this chart,the number of__ increased dramatically from __ to__,while the number of__ slided slightly and remained almost the same.In the meantime,the number of__ experienced a steady downturn./The number of __fluctuated sharply all though.1000萬(wàn) 10 million(百萬(wàn))(2)第二段:分析原因 From my perspective,a couple of factors can contribute to this phenomenon.There are numerous reasons accounting for such changes.To begin with,it is apparent that the prosperity of our nation and the improvement of living condition result in the popularity of this trend.What is more,there is no denying that government implemented proper relevant policies recently,which play a significant role in driving this tendency.Last but not least,it can be said without any exaggeration that the turning attitude of people,in combination with better education, promotes more people to make these choices.(In addition,it is universally acknowledged that confronted with life pressure in the highly developed society,people would like to manage and reduce their pressure.As a result,more attention is paid to do sth(tour Chinese traditional culture)(3)第三段:收尾總結(jié)

      Base on what has been discussed above, we can safely come to a conclusion that this trend/phenomenon will continue in the following years.It is worthwhile to note that it surely can be inevitably widespread with better governmental policies.In my opinion,it is a positive trend and should be encouraged,for it is not only beneficial for A__,but also conducive to B__.2、餅圖 pie chart(1)第一段:開(kāi)篇數(shù)字

      As we can see from the diagram, remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draws our attention.The given pie chart clearly illustrates the percentage of_主題 _.According to the data revealed by this chart,the ranking first/the percentage of__ accounts for _% of the total.Meanwhile,The next two significant items are_A and _B,which take up _% and _% respectively.In the meantime,the proportion of the remaining part only makes up a small percentage in the whole chart.3、表格 table(1)第一段:開(kāi)篇數(shù)字

      As we can see from the diagram, remarkable tendency that has occurred in the sphere draws our attention.The given table clearly illustrates the percentage of_主題 _.According to the data revealed by this table,most A under __ are ,and In the meantime,the proportion of the remaining part only makes up a small percentage in the whole table.4 / 5

      (二)小作文:

      1、道歉信

      2、感謝信

      3、邀請(qǐng)信

      4、建議信

      5、詢問(wèn)信

      6、辭職信

      7、求職信

      8、祝賀信

      9、請(qǐng)求信

      / 5

      第三篇:MBA 英語(yǔ)常用翻譯技巧總結(jié)

      MBA 英語(yǔ)常用翻譯技巧總結(jié)

      (一)翻譯考察三方面內(nèi)容:

      1、專有名詞(如operational research expert)、習(xí)慣用法(如depend on)及多義詞的翻 譯(如school、set 的多義)

      2、一般性翻譯技巧:包括詞義選擇,詞序調(diào)整,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和增詞法等等

      3、具體句型(定從、狀從、主從、賓從、表從、同位從、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、并列、比較、倒裝、插入、被動(dòng)、否定等)

      一、常用方法

      英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異,因此在進(jìn)行英漢互譯時(shí)必然會(huì)遇到 很多困難,需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導(dǎo)。常用的翻譯技巧有增譯法、省譯法、轉(zhuǎn)換法、拆句法、合并法、正譯法、反譯法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重組法和綜合法等。這些技巧不但可以運(yùn)用 于筆譯之中,也可以運(yùn)用于口譯過(guò)程中,而且應(yīng)該用得更加熟練。

      1.增譯法:指根據(jù)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式,在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較 多,而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ),所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句的時(shí)候,除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無(wú)主句、被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯以外,一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ),使句子完整。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言 在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語(yǔ)中代詞使用頻率較高,凡說(shuō) 到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時(shí),必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此,在漢譯英時(shí) 需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞,而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語(yǔ)詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子 與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來(lái)表示,而漢語(yǔ)則往往通過(guò)上下文和語(yǔ)序來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。因此,在 漢譯英時(shí)常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語(yǔ)句子離不開(kāi)介詞和冠詞。另外,在翻譯時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文 中暗含而沒(méi)有明言的詞語(yǔ)和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語(yǔ),以確保譯文意思的完整。總之,通過(guò)增譯,一是保證譯文語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整,二是保證譯文意思的明確。如:(1)What about calling him right away? 馬上給他打個(gè)電話,你覺(jué)得如何?(增譯主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ))

      (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好啊?。ㄔ鲎g主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 實(shí)際情況恰好相反。(增譯名詞)

      (4)就是法西斯國(guó)家本國(guó)的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。

      Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物 主代詞)

      (5)_______只許州官放火,不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。

      While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.(增譯連詞)(6)這是我們兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。

      This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)(7)在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域,中國(guó)反對(duì)以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。

      In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語(yǔ))(8)三個(gè)臭皮匠,合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。

      Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯注 釋性詞語(yǔ))

      2.省譯法:這是與增譯法相對(duì)應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法,即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表 達(dá)方式的詞,以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。又如:

      (1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京訪問(wèn)期間就住在這家飯店里。(省譯物主代詞)(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在這兒過(guò)得愉快。(省譯物主代詞)(3)中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。

      The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省譯名詞)3.轉(zhuǎn)換法:指翻譯過(guò)程中為了使譯文符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的表述方式、方法和習(xí)慣而對(duì)原句中的詞類、句 型和語(yǔ)態(tài)等進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體的說(shuō),就是在詞性方面,把名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞;把動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn) 換成名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞;把形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞和短語(yǔ)。在句子成分方面,把主語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);把謂語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);把定語(yǔ)變成狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ);把賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)。在 句型方面,把并列句變成復(fù)合句,把復(fù)合句變成并列句,把狀語(yǔ)從句變成定語(yǔ)從句。在語(yǔ)態(tài)方面,可以把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

      (1)我們學(xué)院受教委和市政府的雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

      Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)(2)Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子們看電視過(guò)多會(huì)大大地?fù)p壞視力。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)(3)由于我們實(shí)行了改革開(kāi)放政策,我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力有了明顯的增強(qiáng)。

      Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)(4)I’m all for you opinion.我完全贊成你的意見(jiàn)。(介詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞)

      (5)The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革開(kāi)放政策受到了全中國(guó)人民的擁護(hù)。(動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)

      (6)In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中,對(duì)人類疏忽自身環(huán)境作了批評(píng)。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞)

      (7)In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些歐洲國(guó)家里,人民享受最廣泛的社會(huì)福利,如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(8)時(shí)間不早了,我們回去吧!

      We don’t have much time left.Let’s go back.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)(9)學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該德、智、體全面發(fā)展。

      All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名詞轉(zhuǎn)副詞)4.拆句法和合并法:這是兩種相對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個(gè) 較短、較簡(jiǎn)單的句子,通常用于英譯漢;合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,一般用于漢譯英。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合,結(jié)構(gòu)較松散,因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多;英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合,結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密,因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以 漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成 長(zhǎng)句;而英譯漢時(shí)又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù) 成分與主體的連接處,以及意群結(jié)束處將長(zhǎng)句切斷,譯成漢語(yǔ)分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序,順譯全句,順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。如:

      (1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中國(guó)加強(qiáng)合作,符合美國(guó)的利益。(在主謂連接處拆譯)

      (2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感謝你們無(wú)與倫比的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民正是以這種熱情好客而聞明世界的。(在定語(yǔ)從句前 拆譯)

      (3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英聯(lián)邦各國(guó)尤其如此,它們認(rèn)為英國(guó)加入歐共體,將能保證歐共體的政策照顧到它們的利益。(在 定語(yǔ)從句前拆譯)

      (4)中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó),百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè),但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一,其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。

      China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合譯)

      5.正譯法和反譯法:這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英,偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯,是指把句子按 照與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方 式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果,但反譯往往更符合英語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因 此比較地道。如:

      (1)在美國(guó),人人都能買到槍。

      In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正譯)In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反譯)(2)你可以從因特網(wǎng)上獲得這一信息。

      You can obtain this information on the Internet.(正譯)

      This information is accessible/available on the Internet.(反譯)(3)他突然想到了一個(gè)新主意。

      Suddenly he had a new idea.(正譯)He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正譯)A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.(反譯)(4)他仍然沒(méi)有弄懂我的意思。

      He still could not understand me.(正譯)Still he failed to understand me.(反譯)(5)無(wú)論如何,她算不上一位思維敏捷的學(xué)生。

      She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正譯)She is anything but a bright student.(反譯)(6)Please withhold the document for the time being.請(qǐng)暫時(shí)扣下這份文件。(正譯)請(qǐng)暫時(shí)不要發(fā)這份文件。(反譯)

      二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)譯法

      英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用范圍極為廣泛, 尤其是在科技英語(yǔ)中, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)幾乎隨處可見(jiàn), 凡是在不 必、不愿說(shuō)出或不知道主動(dòng)者的情況下均可使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 因此, 掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯方法, 對(duì)于 MBA 入學(xué)考試的復(fù)習(xí)與應(yīng)考是極為重要的, 因?yàn)樵贛BA 入學(xué)考試中,英譯漢文章的內(nèi)容多以科 普文章為主。在漢語(yǔ)中, 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 通常通過(guò)“把”或“被”等詞體現(xiàn)出來(lái), 但它的使用范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) 小于英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用范圍, 因此英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在很多情況下都翻譯成主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)于 英語(yǔ)原文的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu), 我們一般采取下列的方法: 1.翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句。英語(yǔ)原文的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)又可以進(jìn)一步分為幾種不同 的情況。

      (1)英語(yǔ)原文中的主語(yǔ)在譯文中仍做主語(yǔ)。在采用此方法時(shí), 我們往往在譯文中使用了“加以”, “經(jīng)過(guò)”, “用……來(lái)”等詞來(lái)體現(xiàn)原文中的被動(dòng)含義。例如: 例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其它問(wèn)題將簡(jiǎn)單地加以討論。

      例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.換言之, 礦物就是存在于地球上, 但須經(jīng)過(guò)挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆破或類似作業(yè)才能獲得的物質(zhì)。例3.Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能對(duì)健康、安全, 甚至對(duì)生命本身構(gòu)成的危險(xiǎn)可以用一個(gè)詞—輻射來(lái)概括。

      (2)將英語(yǔ)原文中的主語(yǔ)翻譯為賓語(yǔ), 同時(shí)增補(bǔ)泛指性的詞語(yǔ)(人們,大家等)作主語(yǔ)。例如: 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人會(huì)指出, 無(wú)線電廣播同樣也能做到這一點(diǎn), 但還是電視屏幕上的節(jié)目要生動(dòng)、真實(shí)得多。例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series ofprogrammes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)人們常說(shuō), 電視使人了解時(shí)事, 熟悉政治領(lǐng)域的最新發(fā)展變化, 并能源源不斷地為觀眾提供各種 既有教育意義又有趣的節(jié)目。

      例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.人們普遍認(rèn)為,孩子們的早年經(jīng)歷在很大程度上決定了他們的性格及其未來(lái)的人品。另外, 下列的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以通過(guò)這一手段翻譯: It is asserted that … 有人主張…… It is believed that … 有人認(rèn)為……

      It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)認(rèn)為 It is well known that … 大家知道(眾所周知)…… It will be said … 有人會(huì)說(shuō)…… It was told that … 有人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)……

      (3)將英語(yǔ)原文中的by, in, for 等做狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)翻譯成譯文的主語(yǔ), 在此情況下, 英語(yǔ)原文 中的主語(yǔ)一般被翻譯成賓語(yǔ)。例如: 例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反應(yīng)堆需要一種合適的燃料。

      例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí), 這個(gè)組織拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利時(shí)人和法國(guó)人的生命為代價(jià)的。

      例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認(rèn)為, 普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程相比, 而且認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須 經(jīng)過(guò)某種專門(mén)的訓(xùn)練才能掌握。(4)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句。例如: 例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.應(yīng)該盡最大努力告?nbsp| 年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上煙癮后的可怕后果。

      例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.通過(guò)這種方法分析發(fā)現(xiàn)不同種類的蜂蜜的抗菌活動(dòng)對(duì)熱的敏感程度也極為不同。

      例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我們這個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)研制了許多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也許就是氣墊船了。例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必須找到新的能源,這需要時(shí)間……

      另外, 下列結(jié)構(gòu)也可以通過(guò)這一手段翻譯: It is hoped that … 希望……

      It is reported that … 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It is said that … 據(jù)說(shuō)……

      It is supposed that … 據(jù)推測(cè)…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)…… It must be admitted that … 必須承認(rèn)…… It must be pointed out that … 必須指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可見(jiàn)……(5)翻譯成帶表語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句。例如: 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。

      例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.總的來(lái)說(shuō), 得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的, 但必須具備兩個(gè)條件: 能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對(duì)測(cè)試 的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一個(gè)孩子的態(tài)度相同;他也沒(méi)有因?yàn)槿狈e的孩子已掌握的有關(guān)知識(shí)而被 扣分。

      (注意上述翻譯技巧在該句翻譯中的綜合運(yùn)用。)2.譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中的許多被動(dòng)句可以翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人類引燃的。

      例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.這些訊號(hào)是由外層空間的星球碰撞或者核反應(yīng)所造成的。

      例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”實(shí)際上是由許多種顏色組成的。

      例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流體在管道中流動(dòng)的情況, 受到諸如流體粘度、泵送速度等各種因素的影響。

      例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它們可能一直是地球行星的一部分大氣的來(lái)源。它們還被認(rèn)為是構(gòu)成外部行星以及其衛(wèi)星的一種類 似微星的基礎(chǔ)材料。

      例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具 和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來(lái)在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。

      例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府是以減少技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入, 還是相反, 這往往取決于把哪一方 看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。

      例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油的供應(yīng)可能隨時(shí)會(huì)被中斷;不管怎樣,以目前的這種消費(fèi)速度,只需30 年左右,所有的油井 都會(huì)枯竭。

      MBA 英語(yǔ)常用翻譯技巧總結(jié)

      (二)三、形容詞譯法

      英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣有很多差異之處,翻譯時(shí)往往能死扣原文逐詞逐句譯出。下面擬談?wù)勑稳?詞的翻譯問(wèn)題。

      (一)、一些原義并無(wú)否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配,有時(shí)可譯成否定句。1.These goods are in short supply.這些貨物供應(yīng)不足。

      2.This equation is far from being complicated.這個(gè)方程一定也不復(fù)雜。

      (二)、為了使譯文自然流暢,讀起來(lái)順口,在一些形容詞前可根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字。1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.這是我度過(guò)最愉快的一天。

      2.It is easy to compress a gas.氣體很容易壓縮。

      (三)、有時(shí)可將英語(yǔ)的“形容詞+名詞短語(yǔ)”譯成漢語(yǔ)的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。1.She spoke in a high voice.她講話聲音很尖。

      2.This engine develops a high torque.這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩很大。

      (四)、如果一個(gè)名詞前有幾個(gè)形容詞修飾,英譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣決定其順序。1.a large brick conference hall 一個(gè)用磚砌的大會(huì)議廳

      2.a plastic garden chair 一把在花園里用的塑料椅子

      (五)、英語(yǔ)中一些表示知覺(jué)、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞,同連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí),翻譯時(shí)可 將形容詞譯成動(dòng)詞。

      1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。

      2.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.類似的批評(píng)在他后來(lái)寫(xiě)的評(píng)論美國(guó)的文章中屢見(jiàn)不鮮。

      3.He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他誠(chéng)懇地懺悔過(guò)去,并保證永遠(yuǎn)不再玩汽車。

      (六)、由于語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣不同,英語(yǔ)里的形容詞有時(shí)譯成漢語(yǔ)副詞。1.I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要對(duì)每一個(gè)人都親切、溫順、和善。

      2.He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他詳盡地問(wèn)起我自己和我家里的情況。

      3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再來(lái)一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將徹底毀滅我們這個(gè)國(guó)家。

      從以上幾個(gè)方面可以看出,譯好形容詞是使譯文通順、流暢的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)

      四、舉例before 和good 具體譯法

      (一)連詞before 的含義是“在……以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上,它引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句??梢?jiàn)它的詞義頗為單純,功能比較專一。然而,由于漢英表達(dá)習(xí)慣的不同,在將before 漢譯時(shí),其譯法卻 多種多樣。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種:

      1,直譯成“(在)……(以或之)前”。這時(shí)主句與before 從句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作按時(shí)間先后依次發(fā)生。Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在討論這一問(wèn)題之前,我有些話要說(shuō)。

      They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他們家鄉(xiāng)解放前生活很苦。

      2,譯成“(后)……才”。副詞“才”在漢語(yǔ)中表示某事發(fā)生得晚或慢。如果在含有before 從句的復(fù)合句中,強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生得晚或慢時(shí),就可以應(yīng)用這種譯法。這里又有兩種情況,一種是主句主語(yǔ)為名詞或代詞,另一種是主語(yǔ)與非人稱it。

      The train had left before he got to the station.火車開(kāi)了他才到車站。

      It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎過(guò)了好大一會(huì)兒才輪到我。

      3,連詞before 與barely,scarcely, hardly 連用時(shí)還可譯成“剛……就”。在漢語(yǔ)中,“就”強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生 得早或快。如果原文突出主句與從句的動(dòng)作一前一后緊接著或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,即可用此譯法。We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我們剛坐下就聽(tīng)到外邊有自行車的聲音。

      We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我們剛離開(kāi)學(xué)校天就下起雨來(lái)。

      4,如果原文主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式則可譯成“就”、“便”、或“快”。這又分主句主語(yǔ)為名(代)詞和it 兩種情況。

      I had not waited long before she came.我沒(méi)等多久她就來(lái)了。

      It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。

      5,假使原文目的在于渲染從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,主句動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生,可譯成“未……就”或“還沒(méi)有(來(lái)得及)…… 就”。

      The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我們還沒(méi)有到達(dá)山頂天就開(kāi)始亮了。

      Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我連一句話也沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)他就跑了。

      另外,像before he knew it 一類習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,則可譯成“不……(就)”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那個(gè)男孩不知怎么一來(lái)就從梯子上摔了下來(lái)。

      6,譯為“趁(著)”,或用反說(shuō),譯成“不然會(huì)”、“要不就”、“沒(méi)”、“不”等。Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力學(xué)習(xí)。

      I’ll do it now before I forget.趁著還沒(méi)忘記,我現(xiàn)在就做。

      She arrived before I expected.我沒(méi)料到她來(lái)的這么早。

      7,某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中的連詞before 可譯成“先……然后”、“先……再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播種后有收獲。Look before you leap.三思而后行。

      有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中的before 也可譯成“未……先”。

      Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.雞蛋未孵,勿先數(shù)雛。

      此外,連詞before 還作“與其……(寧愿)”(rather than)講,通??梢詾椤皩幙伞膊唬希薄ⅰ皩幵浮?決不”等。例如:

      We will die before we give in.我們寧死不屈。He would die before he lied.他寧死也不肯說(shuō)謊。

      以上羅列了連詞before 的幾種常見(jiàn)的譯法。英漢表達(dá)方式很不相同,具體譯法,須根據(jù)具體情況而定

      (二)Good 一詞,在英語(yǔ)中該算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很強(qiáng),而且也常見(jiàn)于科技文章中。一看到good,我們便自然而然得會(huì)想到“好的”這一詞義。然而,在一些場(chǎng)合,good 的譯法卻是頗費(fèi)躊躇 的。

      1,可譯為“好的”,但概念模糊:如good fish(好魚(yú)),是指品種,大小還是新鮮程度呢?

      2,勉強(qiáng)可譯為“好的”,但不搭配:如Good fire 若譯為“很好的爐火”是可以理解的,但不如譯為“旺盛的 爐火”。

      3,譯成“好的”反而錯(cuò)了:如good hard work 不是指“一項(xiàng)好的但卻艱巨的工作”,而是指“一項(xiàng)十分艱巨 的工作”。

      為什么這樣普通的詞在翻譯時(shí)卻難處理呢?其原因有二: 第一,只知其一,不知其二、三

      有的詞有一個(gè)義項(xiàng),有的詞有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上義項(xiàng)。good 一詞,在《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭典》中就有十 八項(xiàng)釋義,如不能全面地掌握這些義項(xiàng),翻譯時(shí)就會(huì)遇到困難。第二,不善舉一反三,觸類旁通

      從語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展來(lái)看,一個(gè)詞總會(huì)有一個(gè)最原始的或最基本的詞義(叫做本義),而其他的詞義是由這個(gè)詞 發(fā)展或引申而來(lái)的(叫做引申義)。引申,就是由原義產(chǎn)生新義。選擇詞義難就難在這個(gè)“新”字上。一是 英語(yǔ)單詞本身已有引申義。這就要勤查字典,從諸多詞義中去挑選最合適的詞義。二是詞典中所有詞義都 不貼切,要根據(jù)漢譯的需要去創(chuàng)造新義,而新義又必須與本義相關(guān)聯(lián)。如good 一詞在英語(yǔ)中已有引申義 “strong,vigorous(強(qiáng)健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still good.一句應(yīng)譯為“他的視力仍 然很強(qiáng)?!保╣ood 由“好的”引申為“強(qiáng)的”)。而在下面的例句中,good 可引申為“高度的”。To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.管子要產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)的射線,就必須制成高度的真空。而“高度的”這一詞義,在《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭典》、《遠(yuǎn) 東英漢大辭典》等的漢語(yǔ)釋義中都是沒(méi)有的,因而可算是新創(chuàng)的。現(xiàn)在,讓我們以《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭 典》為據(jù),列舉good 一詞的幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)來(lái)觀察它在漢譯時(shí)是如何引申和再引申的。為了節(jié)省篇幅,只探討 作為形容詞用的而且常用于科技文章中的幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)的譯法,不涉及用于生活、口語(yǔ)和文學(xué)時(shí)的譯法,也不 涉及用于問(wèn)候語(yǔ)、客氣的稱呼、贊揚(yáng)之詞以及片語(yǔ)和復(fù)合詞的用法。為了方便,在此不再引用其英語(yǔ)的釋 義而用其對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)譯義,每一詞義只舉一例。(1)、美好的;良好的;令人滿意的 a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良導(dǎo)體 漢譯時(shí)引申:

      1,a good soil 肥沃的土壤 2,good oil 提純了的油

      3,a good money 真的貨幣 4,a good river 暢通的河道 5,good English 規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)

      6,Good switches move quickly.優(yōu)質(zhì)開(kāi)關(guān)動(dòng)作靈活。(good 引申為“優(yōu)質(zhì)的”)7,That engine sounds good.那臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很正常。(good 引申譯為“正常”)8,the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿過(guò)真空比穿過(guò)空氣容易。(good 引申譯為“容易”)

      9,A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.電變?yōu)閯?dòng)力的典型例子是電車。(good example 引申譯為“典型的例子”)10,In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在無(wú)室外天線時(shí),若發(fā)射機(jī)的信號(hào)很 強(qiáng),這種拉桿天線可產(chǎn)生清晰的圖象(good picture 引申譯為“清晰的圖象”)

      11,Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有許多顯著的特性,這些特性使它在許多情況下成為一種更理 想的光源。(good 引申譯為“理想的”)(2)、有益的

      Milk is good food for children.牛奶對(duì)小孩是有益的。漢譯時(shí)引申: 1,good gradient平緩的坡度

      2,It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加熱到這樣的溫度是不恰當(dāng) 的。(good 引申為“恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保?/p>

      (3)、能勝任的;有能力的;能干的 漢譯時(shí)引申:

      1,a good chess player 高明的棋手

      2,A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一個(gè)熟練的翻譯人員一 天也許能翻譯兩千到三千個(gè)詞。(good 引申譯為“熟練的”)(4)、徹底的;完全的

      The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人們對(duì)機(jī)器進(jìn)行了徹底的檢查。漢譯時(shí)引申: 1,have a good drink 喝個(gè)痛快

      2,It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我們?cè)缇驮O(shè)想過(guò)充分利用太陽(yáng)能來(lái)為自己造福。(good 引申譯為“充分”)3,This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本機(jī)耗電極少,因而具有12 伏足電的汽車蓄電池在你看電視十小時(shí)后仍能用于開(kāi)車。(good 引申為“充足的”)

      4,Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有豐富的水力資源。(good 引申譯為“豐富 的”)

      5,The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE 電路得到廣泛的使用,因?yàn)樗塬@得高電壓增益和高電流增益。(good...gains 引申譯為“高……增益”)

      (5)、可靠的;安全的;確實(shí)的

      a car with good brakes 剎車可靠的汽車 a good investment 安全的投資漢譯時(shí)引申: good debts 確可償還的債務(wù)__

      第四篇:2015最新MBA英語(yǔ)備考

      MBA英語(yǔ)備考

      英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴積累的過(guò)程,因此,在備考過(guò)程中,大家就需要努力做到系統(tǒng),循序漸進(jìn)和按部就班。

      首先,大家目前要對(duì)自己的英語(yǔ)水平做一個(gè)客觀的評(píng)估,一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的定位,繼而制定出相應(yīng)的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃和策 略。

      從整年的備考來(lái)講,英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)大致分為四個(gè)階段:

      第一個(gè)階段是基本功夯實(shí)階段。萬(wàn)丈高樓平地起,關(guān)鍵是要打地基,這一階段主要側(cè)重英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)。大家應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累方面,具體而言就是詞匯和語(yǔ)法兩方面知識(shí)的積累。

      第二個(gè)階段是真題解密階段。所謂真題解密階段,即正視過(guò)去,重視歷年真題的學(xué)習(xí)研究。歷史是一面鏡子,可以折射未來(lái)發(fā)展的道路。要真正做到這一點(diǎn),同學(xué)們應(yīng)把真題分為一個(gè)個(gè)專題,作深度剖析,即,根據(jù)試卷題型分成詞匯、完型、閱讀、翻譯和寫(xiě)作五個(gè)專題。這五個(gè)專題就是我們?cè)诘诙€(gè)階段重點(diǎn)攻克的目標(biāo)。我們?cè)诳偨Y(jié)真題的過(guò)程當(dāng)中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),真題是有很多規(guī)律的,歷史總是驚人地相似的,命題專家并不是隨意地出題,而是萬(wàn)變不離其宗,都是有一定套路的。因此,在專項(xiàng)研究每個(gè)專題的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,同學(xué)們可以深刻地感受到這些套路的存在。相應(yīng)地,我們也可以挖掘出富有針對(duì)性的之道。在這個(gè)階段,大家還必須把這些相應(yīng)的之道進(jìn)行總結(jié),并力爭(zhēng)把它們上升到相對(duì)熟練的高度,這是第二個(gè)階段的核心任務(wù)。

      第三個(gè)階段是鞏固提高階段。在此階段,我們一方面要繼續(xù)提升我們的語(yǔ)言基本功(尤其是詞匯的認(rèn)知和理解),提升我們的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力(讀、寫(xiě)、譯),熟化我們的解題套路,另一方面,我們還要強(qiáng)化優(yōu)勢(shì),彌補(bǔ)劣勢(shì),找到自己的不足加以有針對(duì)性地改進(jìn)。此外,大家應(yīng)該力爭(zhēng)在此階段通過(guò)大量實(shí)踐練習(xí),完全吸收老師的講解并能總結(jié)提煉出一套有自己特色的解題思路。真正做到站在巨人的肩膀上,一覽眾山小。(切忌一味機(jī)械而又教條地背誦什么解題技巧,這只會(huì)讓你的理論和實(shí)踐完全脫節(jié)。)

      第四個(gè)階段是模考沖刺階段。這個(gè)階段基本上進(jìn)入到了11月中下旬,離我們的2010年MBA聯(lián)考已經(jīng)非常接近,大家在這個(gè)階段最好參加一系列的???,??嫉暮锰庯@而易見(jiàn),比如說(shuō)可以幫助查漏補(bǔ)缺(因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)規(guī)范的模擬題目和實(shí)戰(zhàn)環(huán)境會(huì)讓考生及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多潛在問(wèn)題),還可以幫助考生更好地掌控考場(chǎng)節(jié)奏,此外,??歼€可以幫助大家調(diào)整心態(tài)、穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),使大家在進(jìn)入考場(chǎng)之前達(dá)到理想的應(yīng)試狀況,從而使得我們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上充滿信心,做到放手一搏。

      二、俗話說(shuō),千里之行,始于足下,在當(dāng)前這樣一個(gè)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)的階段,您能否再深入具體談?wù)効忌鷳?yīng)該怎樣做?

      鑒于目前大家正處于備考的第一個(gè)階段,也就基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)階段,我想有針對(duì)性地再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)方面的學(xué)習(xí)。

      第一個(gè)方面就是詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)。我們MBA的考試,要求的詞匯數(shù)量從2006年的4500個(gè)已經(jīng)上升到5800個(gè),而四級(jí)是4500個(gè),六級(jí)和研究生入學(xué)考試求的都是5500個(gè)。所以單純從詞匯的數(shù)量上來(lái)講,它是高于六級(jí)和普研的,是廣大MBA考生面臨的第一道難關(guān)。對(duì)于邊工作邊學(xué)習(xí)的廣大MBA考生而言,短期之內(nèi)想記住5800個(gè)單詞可以說(shuō)甚為艱巨,所以大家在復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)中應(yīng)該做到有所側(cè)重。

      我把這5800個(gè)單詞分為三種,第一種是基礎(chǔ)詞匯,第二種是核心詞匯,第三種是邊緣詞匯。

      所謂的基礎(chǔ)詞匯就是大家在高中以前所接觸到、所學(xué)習(xí)到的詞匯。這部分詞匯,如果大家了解高中教學(xué)大綱的話,大概是2000左右,這一部分詞匯,因?yàn)榇蠹医佑|得比較頻繁,還是有一點(diǎn)兒的印象,所以經(jīng)過(guò)短期的回顧應(yīng)該可以馬上恢復(fù)。所以它不應(yīng)該是我們基礎(chǔ)階段學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。

      第二部分核心詞匯,指的是什么呢?如果想了解核心詞匯的定義,最好先了解一下邊緣詞匯,它指的是那些比較專業(yè)、語(yǔ)境比較偏狹,使用頻率比較低的詞匯,比方說(shuō),鋅zinc,斑馬zebra,canvasser挨家挨戶兜售貨物的銷售員。在英語(yǔ)的整套試卷中,考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的應(yīng)試價(jià)值是很低的,所以我們把它們稱為邊緣詞匯。把基礎(chǔ)詞匯和邊緣詞匯(包括很偏狹的商務(wù)詞匯)部分排出,剩下的就是核心詞匯了,我通過(guò)多年的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)真正有考試價(jià)值的核心詞匯也就是3000個(gè)左右。這部分單詞是構(gòu)建我們閱讀、翻譯和寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ),是基礎(chǔ)班階段學(xué)習(xí)的重中之重。

      大家如果有時(shí)間跟老師把這部分核心詞匯系統(tǒng)地過(guò)一遍,一方面可以加強(qiáng)記憶效果,做到更好的理解與把握,另一方面也可以習(xí)得很多的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)方法。但是同學(xué)們一定要注意,記憶單詞并非目的,而是要在考試中去理解和應(yīng)用單詞。所以大家一定要有“學(xué)以致用”的意識(shí),一邊背誦,一邊積極在語(yǔ)境中實(shí)踐,鞏固消化。我們可以通過(guò)做一系列的詞匯練習(xí)題來(lái)加以鞏固,也可以通過(guò)精讀一定的文章加以鞏固,比如新概念二冊(cè),新概念三冊(cè)等等。在基礎(chǔ)階段,我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題。

      大家都知道,在MBA的試卷當(dāng)中語(yǔ)法題目已經(jīng)徹底地退出了,語(yǔ)法考題已經(jīng)成為歷史,那么是不是說(shuō)語(yǔ)法就不重要了呢?答案是否定的!大家都知道在普通研究生入學(xué)考試中是沒(méi)有詞匯題目的,也是沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法題目的。但每一個(gè)參加研究生入學(xué)考試的考生在備考過(guò)程中,都會(huì)花上大量的時(shí)間和精力去背單詞和學(xué)語(yǔ)法。為什么?因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法和詞匯一樣屬于最最基本的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)。一個(gè)人英文差,從某種意義上講就是語(yǔ)法差,單詞可以自己背,但語(yǔ)法需要理解才能掌握,須跟著老師學(xué)。

      簡(jiǎn)單舉個(gè)例子,翻譯“去學(xué)校”,漢語(yǔ)當(dāng)中“去”一個(gè)字,“學(xué)?!眱蓚€(gè)字。“去學(xué)?!本统鰜?lái)了。但是英語(yǔ)這樣對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯go school就是錯(cuò)誤的,從這一個(gè)小例子大家就可以感受出來(lái)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)是不一樣的,它是強(qiáng)調(diào)一種外在形式的語(yǔ)言,你必須在中間加個(gè)虛詞,加個(gè)to才是正確的。還有很多很多的句子,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)如果不了解語(yǔ)法的話,根本就讀不懂,甚至意思大相徑庭。

      所以我常說(shuō)語(yǔ)法是構(gòu)建句子的靈魂,甚至是構(gòu)建英語(yǔ)的靈魂。真正高難度的英語(yǔ)考試不是難在詞匯上,而是在語(yǔ)法上。簡(jiǎn)言之,語(yǔ)法的系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)讓考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)有一個(gè)全新的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)提升考生的閱讀、翻譯、寫(xiě)作等技能起到至為關(guān)鍵的作用。

      三、對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)特別不好的學(xué)員,比如說(shuō)中專畢業(yè),沒(méi)上過(guò)高中,您認(rèn)為通過(guò)一年的學(xué)習(xí),最終可以通過(guò)聯(lián)考嗎?

      這樣的考生還是比較常見(jiàn)的,可以說(shuō)每年都有碰到。他們只要從詞匯班做起,一個(gè)個(gè)臺(tái)階跟過(guò)來(lái),不會(huì)有任何問(wèn)題。在我的班上,我總會(huì)照顧到這些同學(xué),并經(jīng)常和他們保持溝通交流,我認(rèn)為他們的成功才能更證明老師或者說(shuō)輔導(dǎo)班的成功。

      四、在最初的詞匯復(fù)習(xí)階段,關(guān)于詞匯的記憶,您建議大家用哪些記憶的方式呢? 記憶單詞一定要注意方法,我們成年人不再是小孩子,我們的理性思維遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝于感性思維,所以我們一定要采用一些理性的記憶方法,尤其是詞根詞綴的聯(lián)想記憶方法,阿基米德曾經(jīng)說(shuō),給我一個(gè)杠桿我可以撬起地球,詞根和詞綴在單詞記憶方面就可以很好地起到杠桿的作用。

      還有一種方法我覺(jué)得比較適合基礎(chǔ)差的學(xué)員,那就是不妨通過(guò)朗讀背誦一些淺易的文章,比如上新概念二冊(cè),你可以想像一下90篇文章全背下來(lái)你可以掌握多少詞匯量。如果你的基本功好一點(diǎn),也可以朗讀背誦新概念三冊(cè)的文章。即使背不下來(lái),通過(guò)朗讀把單詞搞熟了,很多詞匯也可以成為我們?cè)~匯量范圍之內(nèi)的可用單詞。

      五、為考生推薦英語(yǔ)方面的參考用書(shū)

      就英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)而言,我認(rèn)為考生應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備詞匯、句法、閱讀、真題四個(gè)方面的工具書(shū)。詞匯大家應(yīng)該先聽(tīng)一段時(shí)間課程,在掌握了一些方法、具備了一些思路或意識(shí)之后,再看詞匯書(shū)。句法涉及到寫(xiě)作、翻譯和長(zhǎng)難句理解也是很重要的一方面,卻經(jīng)常被考生所忽略。詞匯:《MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)核心詞匯精讀筆記》經(jīng)濟(jì)管理出版社 句法:《考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句分類突破與句法速成》北航出版社 閱讀:《MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)精讀80篇》北航出版社 或《MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)閱讀100篇》機(jī)工社真題:《MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)歷年真題名家詳解》 以暑假為分界線,上半年重點(diǎn)是詞匯+句法;后半年重點(diǎn)是閱讀+真題。

      最后,我想說(shuō),09年對(duì)于大家而言是特殊的一年,是奮斗拼搏的一年,是做青春最后一搏以換取人生重大轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)的一年,我深信“有志者,事競(jìng)成,破釜沉舟,百二秦關(guān)終屬楚;苦心人,天不負(fù),臥薪嘗膽,三千越甲可吞吳”。真誠(chéng)希望大家能夠經(jīng)受得住成功道路上的考驗(yàn)——享受奮斗帶給你的痛和樂(lè)

      第五篇:MBA英語(yǔ)面試

      MBA面試英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ):經(jīng)典口語(yǔ)詞匯it’s just my cup of tea(正合我的口味,指人,事等)Take it easy.easy dose it。(慢慢來(lái),別著急)Do as i said(照我的意思做)Let’s roll up our sleeves。(大家一起干吧,有時(shí)候指大家一起拼搏)Put it in my hands。(交給我好了。有時(shí)候指幫助別人做一些瑣碎的小事)。..is now in season。(正是吃。..的好季節(jié),比如一些剛剛換季的水果)Let’s grab a bite to eat(讓我們趕緊吃點(diǎn)東西吧,一般指時(shí)間很緊張)This food is out of the world(此食只應(yīng)天上有,人間哪得幾回吃)What a bummer!(太掃興了,也指對(duì)一些事情期望過(guò)高但事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果)First things first(先做要緊的事,很多場(chǎng)合都很適用)Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you。(不要杞人憂天)Did you get the picture(你明白了沒(méi)有?適用于給某人講解一些東西后問(wèn)其是否理解)Be back in.。.minutes!(必須在。..分鐘內(nèi)回來(lái)!命令的口吻。通常是指領(lǐng)隊(duì)人對(duì)隊(duì)員說(shuō)的話)Time is running out。(沒(méi)時(shí)間了)Great minds think alike.(英雄所見(jiàn)略同)Get going!(趕快動(dòng)身吧!用在開(kāi)始行動(dòng)時(shí))We’ve got to hit the road。(我們要趕快了,hit the road表現(xiàn)出緊急,很形象)I can’t place his face。(碰見(jiàn)某人和你打招呼而你不記得他是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候,可以用這個(gè)句子)Once bitten,twice shy(一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩)I’m exhausted。(筋疲力盡,形容非常疲憊)

      MBA面試英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ):常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題匯總

      1.Where do you live?

      Well, I am living in Xiamen since I have job over there for quite some time.I really enjoy life in the seaside city like Xiamen.2.Is your family important to you?

      Yes, they are very important to me.Although I live alone now, I do go back to see my parents at weekends.I need their support and comfort whenever I feel depressed and I also need them to share my pleasure or success with me.3.Who has influenced you most in your family?

      My father has influenced me in many ways.For example, he taught me how to repair a bike and set up a tent, how to behave bravely and so on.He is both a caring father and tough guy.I have always admired him.I would like you to tell me about a teacher who has greatly influenced you.I would like you to talk about this topic for one or two minutes.Looking back, I think one of the teachers who really influenced me a lot was Mr.Wang.He was the physics teacher at the middle school.First, he took his teaching seriously.He was always well prepared to give his lessons and made sure we had got the important points.Moreover, he encouraged us to be confident and brave to do everything.4.What is your favorite part of the day?

      Well, the evening time for my family to stay together is really my happiest time.We love each other and are always willing to share some interesting events around us and ready to give comfort and support to any family member when they are in trouble.5.How important are friends to you?

      Friendship is very important to me.I can talk with my friends about my family, my worries, or my plans.They give me a lot of advice and support.I can share my happiness or sadness with them.Without friends, it is very difficult to survive in modern society, which is full of competition and struggle.6.What do you think of your boss/colleagues?

      Well, I can’t say I feel close to every one of them, but I do find most of them enjoyable.I socialize with some people who are mostly of my age.We go out once a week to have dinner or go to cinema.I can learn a lot form them..What do you do in your spare time?

      I have many things to do in my spare time.But my favorite one is reading the detective stories at home in the evening after I finish my homework.8.What is your favorite film?

      My favourite film is Gone with the Wind.I was deeply influence by Scarlet’s love for Ashley and Rhett’s love for Scarlet, which was hopeless.I think she is brave, intelligent, independent, and courageous.What are the characteristics of a good boss?

      Inspiring, experienced, well-dressed, polite, easy to talk to, hard working, honest, sensible

      9.What benefits would you offer your employees?

      Companies offer their employees many benefits, which usually depends on how long the employee has worked there and their position in the company.These benefits could include very expensive items such as accommodation, or chances of traveling, and holiday.口語(yǔ)復(fù)試材料(英文自我介紹)

      一、第一句話(first word)見(jiàn)到考官的第一句話,很關(guān)鍵,不用說(shuō)的很復(fù)雜。可以是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,但一定要鏗鏘有力。展示出自信和實(shí)力。千萬(wàn)不要來(lái)一句“sorry, my English is poor”.常見(jiàn)的開(kāi)頭有:1.Good morning!may I introduce myself..2.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.I’m peter white, my NO is …(北大清華等學(xué)校參加面試的考生很多,可能對(duì)考生有一個(gè)編號(hào),說(shuō)一下自己的編號(hào)顯得很職業(yè),也很正式。)

      二、作自我介紹——成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷(making a self-introduction ——developing history)有很多學(xué)校要求做一個(gè)自我介紹,這一問(wèn)題并非在請(qǐng)你大談你的個(gè)人歷史??脊偈且谀愕慕榻B中尋找有關(guān)你性格、資歷、志向和生活動(dòng)力的線索。來(lái)判斷你是否適合讀MBA。你可以先介紹一下成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)歷,出生地和畢業(yè)學(xué)校等內(nèi)容。在這一部分要介紹的有些特色,讓老師在聽(tīng)?zhēng)资畟€(gè)人流水帳式的介紹中增加一點(diǎn)樂(lè)趣,就權(quán)且當(dāng)作MBA人際關(guān)系管理的第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)吧!I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,1997.(很簡(jiǎn)單的一句話,一定要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確!要把畢業(yè)學(xué)校的英文準(zhǔn)確名字搞清楚了。)你可以借光一下家鄉(xiāng)的名人,可以用這句高水平的話,展示高超你高超的口語(yǔ)。You know, there is a saying that “The

      greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.另外在介紹性格和愛(ài)好的時(shí)候,適合把家庭介紹結(jié)合在一起,可以說(shuō)父母給了你哪些方面良好的影響。不要流水帳似的介紹家庭成員。可以這么說(shuō):Just like my father, I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.Frequently I exchange ideas with my family during super.In addition , during my college years, I was once the chairman of the Student Union.These work have urged me develop active and responsible characters.在這里給出描述個(gè)人品質(zhì)常用詞匯的中英文對(duì)照,可以參考。able 有才干的,能干的 adaptable 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的 active 主動(dòng)的,活躍的aggressive 有進(jìn)取心的 ambitious 有雄心壯志的 amiable 和藹可親的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志氣的,有抱負(fù)的 audacious 有冒險(xiǎn)精神的 capable 有能力的,有才能careful 辦理仔細(xì)的 candid 正直的 competent 能勝任的constructive 建設(shè)性的cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富創(chuàng)造力的dedicated 有奉獻(xiàn)精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老練的,有策disciplined 守紀(jì)律的 dutiful盡職的 well-educated 受過(guò)良好教育的efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 expressivity 善于表達(dá)faithful 守信的,忠誠(chéng)的 frank 直率的,真誠(chéng)的 generous 寬宏大量的genteel 有教養(yǎng)的 gentle 有禮貌的humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的 independent 有主見(jiàn)的 industrious 勤奮的ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 motivated 目的明確的 intelligent 理解力強(qiáng)的learned 精通某門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)的 logical 條理分明的 methodical 有方法的modest 謙虛的 objective 客觀的 precise 一絲不茍的 punctual 嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的 elastic 實(shí)事求是的 responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 踏實(shí)的 systematic有系統(tǒng)的 purposeful 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 sweet-tempered性情溫和的temperate 穩(wěn)健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的

      三、作自我介紹——職業(yè)發(fā)展(making a self-introduction ——career development)這是很關(guān)鍵的一部分,也是MBA考官會(huì)重點(diǎn)考察的一部分。要把工作經(jīng)歷和MBA的學(xué)習(xí)以及職業(yè)發(fā)展方向作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)談,讓老師感到你選擇MBA是一個(gè)理性的選擇而不是一時(shí)沖動(dòng),選擇MBA是職業(yè)發(fā)展中的一個(gè)必然選擇,而不是因?yàn)檎也坏焦ぷ?。你可以用這些句型:

      1、In the past years, I’ve worked at IBM as a software engineer.In my work, I found communication and management is very important.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.So I choose MBA!if I am given a chance to study MBA in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of communication and management skill.(在過(guò)去的幾年中,我作為一個(gè)軟件工程師在IBM工作。在工作中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)交流和管理非常的重要。我一直認(rèn)為一個(gè)人很容易落后,如果不持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的話,所以我選擇了MBA!如果我有機(jī)會(huì)在這個(gè)著名的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)MBA,我會(huì)不遺余力的掌握溝通和管理的技能。)

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