第一篇：漢譯英并列句型的翻譯總結(jié)

一 A + a 結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是指一個(gè)大句子后面帶有一個(gè)小結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯方法通?？梢詫⑶罢叻g成中心句，后面翻譯成同位語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)或是分詞和定語(yǔ)從句。

例1：現(xiàn)在我們有16個(gè)系，下設(shè)39個(gè)專業(yè)。There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school.（后面翻譯成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這種形式是最常見(jiàn)的方法。）

例2：北京有10個(gè)區(qū)9個(gè)縣，總面積1萬(wàn)6千800平方公里。There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16 thousand 8 hundred square kilometers.（方法和上句一樣。）

例3：中國(guó)在2000年悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，獲得28枚金牌，在獎(jiǎng)牌榜上名列第三。China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medal tally.（這句是將后面的句子翻譯成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。）

例4：在過(guò)去的一年里，中國(guó)貫徹?cái)U(kuò)大內(nèi)需的方針，經(jīng)濟(jì)得到穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to steady economic development.（這種方法就是把后面一部分翻譯成非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)然我們也可以用并列結(jié)構(gòu)，但是在口譯考試中我們對(duì)主張用主次結(jié)構(gòu)。）

二 A + a1 + a2 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是指在主句后面同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)小句子，翻譯的方法通常是將后兩者同時(shí)變化成定語(yǔ)從句或是同位語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，還可以把其中兩個(gè)變成介詞或是同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)十分常見(jiàn)。

例1：在過(guò)去的1年里，中國(guó)貫徹?cái)U(kuò)大內(nèi)需的方針，經(jīng)濟(jì)得到穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，人民生活水平得到顯著提高。Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to stable economic development and significant improvement of people’s life.（這種方法就是把后面兩句全部變成定語(yǔ)從句，a1和a2同時(shí)形成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。）

例2：黃河流經(jīng)中國(guó)的9個(gè)省和自治區(qū)，全長(zhǎng)5464公里，流域面積75萬(wàn)2443平方公里。The Yellow River runs 5464 kms across 9 provinces and autonomous regions with drainage area of 752,443 square kms.（這句就是把最前句和最后句變成介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，中間變成謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。）

例3：北京現(xiàn)有體育館5000多個(gè)，其中可容納5000人的體育館8個(gè)，可容納2000人的15個(gè)。There are more than 5,000 stadiums in Beijing, including 8 can accommodate 5,000 each and 15 can do 2,000 each.（這句用的是方法就是把后兩者翻譯成定語(yǔ)從句。）

三 A + a + B 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)和A + a1 + a2非常類似，我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候就是要區(qū)分第三個(gè)句子究竟能不能和前一個(gè)句子連在一起，也就是說(shuō)最后一個(gè)句子和前者有沒(méi)有密切的關(guān)系，當(dāng)然在有些情況下，這兩個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分起來(lái)比較復(fù)雜，也比較難以區(qū)分。

例1：現(xiàn)在只有5個(gè)國(guó)家的婦女收入占男性收入的80%以上，而中國(guó)婦女的收入相當(dāng)于男性收入的80.4%。Now, there are only 5 countries where women’s salaries make up 80% of men’s, while the income of the Chinese women equals to 80.4% that of man’s.（這句話把含有80%的這個(gè)小句子翻譯成了前者的從句，而后面的一個(gè)句子又重新起了一句，很顯然前兩個(gè)句子和第三個(gè)句子沒(méi)有什么邏輯關(guān)系。）

例2：據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的報(bào)告顯示，到2020 年，世界老人將超過(guò)10億，其中7億生活在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。目前，全世界60歲以上的老人大約有5.8億。According to a report of WHO, by 2020 it is estimated that the population of senior citizens will increase to 1 billion, including 700 million live in the less developed countries.There are 580 million people more than 60 years old all over the world at present.（這句話則比上一句更具有特點(diǎn)，很顯然，我們應(yīng)該把“其中”這樣的句子歸類為前者，后面再重新起一句，前者形成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)也是考試的重點(diǎn)句型。）

四 A + B + b 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)和A + a1 + a2也非常類似，我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候就是要區(qū)分第二個(gè)句子究竟能不能和前一個(gè)句子連在一起，也就是說(shuō)第二個(gè)句子和前者有沒(méi)有密切的關(guān)系，當(dāng)然在有些情況下，這兩個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分起來(lái)比較復(fù)雜，很難區(qū)分。

例1：1990年，只有32%的3歲到6歲的兒童進(jìn)入幼兒園，但是到1998年年底中國(guó)已經(jīng)有18萬(wàn)幼兒園，接收了2400萬(wàn)兒童。In 1990, only 32% of children from 3 years old to 6 years old entered kindergartens, but by the end of 1998 there were kindergartens with 24 million children in China.（很顯然前面說(shuō)的一件事情，后面說(shuō)的兩件事情具有邏輯關(guān)系，所以我們把后面兩句放在一起翻譯，并且形成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。）

例2：我國(guó)于1999年10月已進(jìn)入人口老齡化國(guó)家的行列，我們80歲以上的老人已達(dá)1100萬(wàn)，并以年均5%的速度增長(zhǎng)。China has become an aged society since October 1999.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.（這句話的翻譯方法和上句同樣，第三個(gè)句子形成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。）

五 A + a1 + a2 + a3 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上就是以上幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的延伸，這樣的延續(xù)可能多個(gè)，而不止三個(gè)，其實(shí)方法都是一樣，就是將后三者變成并列層次，要么是定語(yǔ)從句，要么是同位語(yǔ)，要么是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。

例1：奧林匹克公園占地1215公頃，其中包括760公頃的森林綠地，50公頃的國(guó)際展覽體育中心以及405公頃的中華民族園。The Olympic Games Park covers an area of 1215 hectares, including 760 hectares woods and grassland, 50 hectares International Exhibition Sports Center and 405 hectares Chinese Ethnic Park./The Olympic Park covering 1215 hectares includes 760-hectare woods and grassland, 50-hectare International Exhibition Sports Center and 405-hectare Chinese Ethnic Park.（這句話提供了兩種翻譯版本，前者是將后三者變成介詞短語(yǔ)，第二種把后三者直接變成了表語(yǔ)，總之就是要體現(xiàn)出A句和后幾句的差異和關(guān)系。）

例2：在奧林匹克公園主建筑區(qū)內(nèi)將建成容納8萬(wàn)人的主體育場(chǎng)、2個(gè)大型綜合體育館、運(yùn)動(dòng)員村和國(guó)際展覽體育中心。In the main building area of the Olympic Games Park, a main stadium which accommodates 80 thousand people, 2 large sports complexes, the athletes’ village and the International Exhibition Sports Center are now under construction.（這句用的方法還是把后面的四者都變成了主語(yǔ)，和“奧林匹克公園主建筑區(qū)”這句形成結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異。）

六 A + a + B + b 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是把兩個(gè)A + a結(jié)構(gòu)放在一起，其實(shí)方法和第一種很像，但是要形成兩個(gè)主句和兩個(gè)從屬成分。例1：2000年，全國(guó)共有普通高中14600所，在校生1201萬(wàn)人，職業(yè)中學(xué)2萬(wàn)所，在校學(xué)生1295萬(wàn)人。

In 2000, there were 14.6 thousand regular senior high schools in China with 12.01 million students at school and 20 thousand vocational schools with 12.95 million students at school.（這句的翻譯方法就是用A + with + and + B + with的機(jī)構(gòu)，這種方法在口譯考試出現(xiàn)的頻率是最高的。）

例2：2000年，全國(guó)有婦幼保健院609個(gè)，醫(yī)務(wù)工作者7.2萬(wàn)人，婦幼保健所、站2598個(gè)?；鶎俞t(yī)務(wù)工作者7.5萬(wàn)人。In 2000, there were 609 women and children health centers with 72 thousand health and medical workers and 2598 local women and children health centers with 75 grass root health and medical workers.（這句的翻譯方法和上句同樣。）例3：我國(guó)于1999年10月已進(jìn)入人口老齡化國(guó)家的行列，并以年均3%的速度持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，我們80歲以上的老人已達(dá)1100萬(wàn)，并以年均5%的速度增長(zhǎng)。

China has become an aged society since October 1999 with an average annual growth rate of 3%.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.（這句話說(shuō)明了兩個(gè)事實(shí)，所以在翻譯的時(shí)候，我們可以分割成兩個(gè)A + a結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯。）

七 A + B + C 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是把三個(gè)不相關(guān)的句子放在一起，那么在翻譯的時(shí)候我們要注意逐句翻譯。而且還要注意看看句子中是否存在有小結(jié)構(gòu)，就是A的下部分有沒(méi)有a1或是a2等結(jié)構(gòu)。例1：根據(jù)第五次全國(guó)人口普查，全國(guó)共有12億9335萬(wàn)人，其中祖國(guó)大陸包括31個(gè)省，自治區(qū)和直轄市，不包括福建省金門(mén)，馬祖島和現(xiàn)役軍人12億6580萬(wàn)人，香港特別行政區(qū)678萬(wàn)人，澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)44萬(wàn)，臺(tái)灣包括金門(mén)，馬祖島共計(jì)2228萬(wàn)人。According to the 5th population census, there were 1 billion 293 million 350 thousand people in China, including the total number/ population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities excluding Jinmen and Mazu islands in Fujian province and of servicemen of China’s mainland was 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand.The population of Hong Kong SAR was 6 million 780 thousand and that of Macao was 440 thousand as well as that of Taiwan Jinmen and Mazu Islands was 22 million 280 thousand.（這句話總共闡述了三個(gè)事實(shí)，一個(gè)是人數(shù)有多少，然后是除了某些地區(qū)有多少人，這個(gè)部分包括了兩個(gè)小部分，第三個(gè)部分包括了三個(gè)地區(qū)的人口數(shù)量，所以這個(gè)句子在翻譯的時(shí)候首先要分成三個(gè)句子，然后再處理三個(gè)句子里面的成分，看看是否能夠形成連帶結(jié)構(gòu)。）八 A + 倒 A 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是指前后說(shuō)的是同一件事情，但是所表達(dá)的對(duì)象是不一樣的。

例1：我很喜歡游泳，你也很喜歡游泳。I like swimming.So do you.（這個(gè)句子就是有兩個(gè)不同的說(shuō)話人，但是說(shuō)的是同樣一件事情，所以可歸類為后面是前者的“倒”著表達(dá)的形式。這種句子翻譯的方法就是用so或是否定句中用either。）

例2：2008年，上海的老年人口已經(jīng)達(dá)到了400萬(wàn)，同樣北京于同年也達(dá)到了400萬(wàn)。In 2008, the population of senior citizens in Shanghai was 4 million.So was Beijing.（這句翻譯的方法雷同于上句。）

九 A + —A 結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)指的是前者說(shuō)的事情和后者的事情剛好相反來(lái)說(shuō)。

例1：我很喜歡你，你也很喜歡我。I like you, and vice versa.（這句話很顯然就是前者和后者剛好掉個(gè)位置，但是說(shuō)的同一件事情，翻譯的方法就是用vice versa。）

例2：美國(guó)人民喜歡江澤民主席，江澤民主席也很喜歡美國(guó)人民。The American people like President Jiangzemin, and vice versa.十 考察完全的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般沒(méi)有很多的數(shù)字，但是名詞很多，考生在平時(shí)要注意積累詞匯，當(dāng)然更難的則是將詞匯和數(shù)字結(jié)合在一起。

例1：20世紀(jì)90年代，我國(guó)人口文化素質(zhì)提高速度之快，是建國(guó)以來(lái)少有的。這一變化趨勢(shì)反映了10來(lái)我國(guó)落實(shí)掃除青少年文盲，普及9年義務(wù)教育和大力發(fā)展高等教育等措施所取得的成果。Our people’s education level has increased sharply since 1990s.This tendency reflected our achievements through eliminating illiterates among the young and the middle aged, universalizing the 9-year compulsory education and developing higher education in the past 10 years.（這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中就沒(méi)有很多的數(shù)字，但是名詞特別多，包括青少年文盲、九年義務(wù)教育和高等教育等等詞。）

例2：近年來(lái)，中央政府給西藏的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼每年都達(dá)12億元以上，總投資46億元的62項(xiàng)援藏工程以及中央國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)有關(guān)部委和15個(gè)對(duì)口支援省、市投資的32億元援建的716項(xiàng)工程已全部竣工并投入使用。In recent years, the annual financial subsidy from the central government to Tibet reached 1.2 billion yuan.The 62 aid-Tibet projects with a total investment of 4.6 billion and 716 projects with an investment of 3.2 billion from ministries, commissions, central government institutions and other 15 provinces and cities had been finished and put into operation.（這個(gè)句子不但有很多很大的數(shù)字，而且還有像財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、有關(guān)部委、對(duì)口支援和竣工等詞，所以這種句子有很大難度，在訓(xùn)練時(shí)，首先要解決數(shù)字問(wèn)題，再解決詞匯問(wèn)題，之后背誦所提到的十種結(jié)構(gòu)。）

我們要大力發(fā)展社會(huì)事業(yè)。堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育，穩(wěn)步提升全民受教育程度。堅(jiān)持自主創(chuàng)新、重點(diǎn)跨越、支 撐發(fā)展、引領(lǐng)未來(lái)的方針，完善科技創(chuàng)新體系和支持政策，著力推進(jìn)重大科學(xué)技術(shù)突破。研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達(dá)到2.2%，促進(jìn)科技成果更好地轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要，加強(qiáng)人才培養(yǎng)，努力造就規(guī)模宏大的高素質(zhì)人才隊(duì)伍。大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)，推動(dòng)文化改革發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)新跨越，滿足人民群眾不斷增長(zhǎng)的精神文化需求。

We need to make full effort to develop social undertakings.Education will remain a priority to steadily raise the level of literacy of the society as a whole.Home spun and forward looking innovation will be boosted to facilitate cutting age changes in key areas and serve further national development.The system and policies aiming at fostering innovation will be improved to pave the way for major breakthroughs in scientific and technologic discoveries.Share of R&D spending in GDP will increase to 2.2% with more effective schemes to commercialize the research outputs.Human capital development will be strengthened to form a vast supply of brain power to help achieve China's modernization program.Cultural reforms will be promoted to explore unchartered territories and meet the public's growing demand for recreational and artistic fulfillment.我認(rèn)識(shí)一位從中國(guó)來(lái)美國(guó)的暑期交換學(xué)生，她告訴我一件她覺(jué)得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一個(gè)美國(guó)人的家里。這家夫婦倆都是律師，有4個(gè)從上高中到小學(xué)的男孩。那個(gè)人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飛機(jī)，非常富有的樣子，生活卻很簡(jiǎn)單。有一次，父母兩人出外度假，臨走前在家里的大冰箱里為留在家里的4個(gè)孩子放好一模一樣大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，還給他們每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理廚房、廁所等等。這4個(gè)孩子，大的食品不夠吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事為條件，把吃不了的分一些給大的。

這確實(shí)是一個(gè)典型的美國(guó)家庭，說(shuō)它典型，不是說(shuō)它擁有的財(cái)產(chǎn)（這個(gè)家庭顯然要比許多其他美國(guó)家庭富有），而是說(shuō)它的價(jià)值觀。

I know a Chinese student who came to the United States on a summer exchange program.She told me about the things she found hard to understand about the American family where she had her home stay'.The couple were both lawyers and had four children, all boys but in various stages of schooling from primary to senior high.They had a large house, a yacht and a private jet.Despite the trappings of great wealth, their lifestyle was surprisingly straightforward.For example, the parents went on vacation once.Before their departure, they left in the freezer four equal portions of food for the kids and assigned them specific house chores, mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom.The older boys who found their rations insufficient would have to trade with their younger siblings who could use their surplus supply as bargaining chips to reduce their share of the burden to keep the house proper and clean.I actually think this is a typical American family, but certainly not in the financial sense for its material possessions went way beyond an average household.It is typical because of the underlying social values it represents.

第二篇：漢譯英翻譯答案

廣場(chǎng)舞是社區(qū)中老年居民以健身、社交等為目的在廣場(chǎng)、公園等開(kāi)敞的地方進(jìn)行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分貝的音樂(lè)伴奏。廣場(chǎng)舞在中國(guó)大陸無(wú)論南北皆十分普遍。對(duì)于廣場(chǎng)舞的確切認(rèn)識(shí)，社會(huì)學(xué)界及體育界目前均未達(dá)成共識(shí)。廣場(chǎng)舞的高分貝音樂(lè)常常造成噪音滋擾，因此許多居民反對(duì)在小區(qū)中跳廣場(chǎng)舞。

The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music.The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south.Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing.The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.故宮，又稱紫禁城，是明、清兩代的皇宮，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和處理政務(wù)。它是世界現(xiàn)存最大、最完整的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宮殿墻壁的色調(diào)以紅色和黃色為主,紅色代表快樂(lè)、好運(yùn)和財(cái)富，而黃色代表帝王的神圣和尊貴。近十幾年來(lái)，故宮平均每年接待中外游客600-800萬(wàn)人次，隨著旅游業(yè)的繁榮，游客人數(shù)有增無(wú)減，可見(jiàn)人們對(duì)故宮的興趣長(zhǎng)盛不衰。

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs.It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world.The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow.Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity.In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad.Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing.It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.《新聞聯(lián)播》是中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)（CCTV）每日播出的一個(gè)新聞節(jié)目。節(jié)目每次播出時(shí)長(zhǎng)一般為30分鐘。它被中國(guó)大陸大多數(shù)地方頻道同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)播，這使得它成為世界上收看人數(shù)最多的節(jié)目之一。自從1978年1月1日首次播出以來(lái)，它就以客觀、生動(dòng)、豐富的紀(jì)實(shí)手段記錄著中華大地每一天的變化。作為中國(guó)官方新聞資訊類節(jié)目，《新聞聯(lián)播》以沉穩(wěn)、莊重的風(fēng)格著稱。

Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television(CCTV)every day.It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program.It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs.Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich.As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.倡導(dǎo)低碳生活，提升公民節(jié)能減排意識(shí)是應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的重要措施。低碳生活并非什么難事，只要人人都樹(shù)立綠色環(huán)保意識(shí)，堅(jiān)持從我做起、從身邊小事做起，那么久一定能促成共享低碳生活。共享低碳生活，要讓綠色環(huán)保理念深入人心。要把綠色環(huán)?；顒?dòng)融入工作生活的方方面面，要有針對(duì)性地開(kāi)展低碳生活的知識(shí)培訓(xùn)；要積極倡導(dǎo)志愿者活動(dòng)，全面宣傳節(jié)能減排、環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面的知識(shí)，提高全社會(huì)的低碳環(huán)保意識(shí)。

Advocating low-carbon lifestyle and promoting citizens' consciousness of energy conservation and emissions reduction are important measures against global warming.Leading a low-carbon life is not difficult.Only if everyone establishes the consciousness of green environment protection and keeps starting from ourselves to pay attention to everything around us can we make low-carbon life available to all.To achieve that, we should make the ideas of green environmental protection popular.We should integrate green environmental protection activities into every aspect of work and life;we should carry out the targeted knowledge training of low-carbon lifestyle;we should actively advocate volunteer activities, comprehensively publicize the knowledge of energy conservation and emissions reduction, environmental protection so as to improve the low-carbon consciousness environmental protection of the whole society.中國(guó)教育工作者早就認(rèn)識(shí)到讀書(shū)對(duì)于國(guó)家的重要意義。有些教育工作者2003年就建議設(shè)立全民讀書(shū)日。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀好書(shū)，尤其是經(jīng)典著作。通過(guò)閱讀，人們能更好地學(xué)會(huì)感恩、有責(zé)任心和與人合作，而教育的目的正是要培養(yǎng)這些基本素質(zhì)。閱讀對(duì)于中小學(xué)生尤為重要，假如他們沒(méi)有在這個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期培養(yǎng)閱讀的興趣，以后要養(yǎng)成閱讀的習(xí)慣就很難了。

Chinese educators have long realized the importance of reading for the country.As early as 2003, some educators proposed to set up a National Book and Copyright Day.They emphasized that people should read good books, especially the classics.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.And these essential qualities are just what education wants to cultivate.Reading is particularly important for middle school students, if they do not develop an interest in reading during this critical period, it will be difficult for them to get into the habit of reading in the future。

中國(guó)家庭一向尊老愛(ài)幼。在大家庭里（extended family），老一輩人的意見(jiàn)受到尊重，小一輩的人得到全家的愛(ài)護(hù)。而隨著改革開(kāi)放和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人口眾多的大家庭開(kāi)始分解，出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的核心家庭(nuclear family)。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年輕夫婦給老人生活費(fèi)，并常去探望，幫他們干些家務(wù)活。在農(nóng)村，盡管相當(dāng)多的大家庭已經(jīng)解體了，許多結(jié)了婚的兒子和他的家人還是和父母住在同一個(gè)院子里，這樣父母、子女可以互相幫助。

參考譯文：

In the Chinese family, the old is usually respected and the young is loved.In an extended family, the opinions of old people are respected and the youngest members are taken good care of by all family members.With the reform and opening up and economic development, large extended families began to divide into more and more nuclear families.In cities, young couples who do not live together with their aged parents give their parents living expenses and often visit them and help them do some household chores.In the countryside, although many extended families have broken up, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents, which makes it convenient for both parents and children to help each other.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)六級(jí)漢譯英翻譯.doc

北京計(jì)劃未來(lái)三年投資7600億元治理污染，從減少pm2.5排放入手。這一新公布的計(jì)劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500萬(wàn)輛機(jī)動(dòng)車的尾氣排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來(lái)自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵，另外850億元用于新建或升級(jí)城市垃圾處理和污水處理設(shè)施，加上300億元投資未來(lái)三年的植樹(shù)造林。

市政府還計(jì)劃建造一批水循環(huán)利用工廠，并制止違章建筑，以改善環(huán)境。另外，北京還將更嚴(yán)厲地處罰違反減排規(guī)定的行為。

2014年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯真題及答案：治理污染

Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or upgrade the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.In addition, 30 billion to support afforestation programs in next three years.The municipal government also plans to construct some plants to use cycle water, banning illegal constructions to modify the environment.Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

第四篇：漢譯英翻譯技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1.The comprehension

1)Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking.2)to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3)to understand word meaning 4)to seek help from dictionary 5)to attend to the role of logic 6)to know the role of context

漢英短語(yǔ)比較：

1、漢詞英譯法：

翻譯詞，基本任務(wù)是詞義的對(duì)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換，形式問(wèn)題是第二位的任務(wù)。對(duì)應(yīng)，又稱“直譯法?！钡仨毷芤辉~多義和慣用法等機(jī)制的調(diào)節(jié)。

如：佳期wedding day，佳人 beautiful woman，佳節(jié)joyful festival，佳句well-turned phrase，佳音good news，佳肴dainty food

2闡釋，主要是難以取得雙語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)契合時(shí)，義恰如其分的鋪衍方式加以解釋，常見(jiàn)的是文化隔膜形成的對(duì)應(yīng)障礙。如：城樓tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker

留用人員personnel kept on after reshuffle 民樂(lè) traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit 空城計(jì) undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，由一般的、泛指詞義到具體的、特指詞義的引申

如：時(shí)令

season 太平間 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments

輕生 commit suicide

體魄健壯的男孩an athletic boy 由具體的、特指詞義到一般的、泛指詞義的引申。如：連珠 in rapid succession

文盲 illiteracy

十二萬(wàn)分地（感激）extremely 慢鏡頭slow motion 微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere.我們客棧熱誠(chéng)歡迎來(lái)自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4轉(zhuǎn)換：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，句中肯、否定式 的轉(zhuǎn)換，例：

人生瑣事 the little nothings of life

等閑視之 think nothing of 家常便飯 make nothing of

請(qǐng)來(lái)吃頓家常便飯。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵車是家常便飯。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.5.淡化（虛化）

“鬧名利”譯為：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭聽(tīng)” listen with attentive ears

6.融合：緊縮語(yǔ)義的代償手段

如：大小 size，長(zhǎng)短length，輕重 weight 始終all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong 例1別理他，這人不知好歹。Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong.例2萬(wàn)一她有個(gè)好歹，請(qǐng)立刻打電話給我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once.例3 Don't cook us anything more.We'll have whatever there is.7.替代

目不識(shí)丁 not know one’s ABC

天字第一號(hào)A1 裙帶風(fēng)nepotism

中藥三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋參）

金不換 precious(be more valuable than gold)

8.音譯：

商標(biāo)：百事可樂(lè)PepsiCola；

萬(wàn)事達(dá)Master

9.注釋(exegesis)：

最常用的是音譯加注（漢語(yǔ)范疇詞category word）disco迪斯科舞

hamburg漢堡包

Benz奔馳車

The Times《泰晤士報(bào)》

春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States，鐵觀音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山綠水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 魚(yú)米之鄉(xiāng) a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.該地區(qū)三面與公園帶相連，四大開(kāi)闊的廣場(chǎng)有草坪有樹(shù)木，打破了城市建筑的規(guī)律性。城區(qū)三面綠地環(huán)繞，四大廣場(chǎng)草坪開(kāi)闊，碧草綠樹(shù)掩映，打破了城區(qū)建筑的單一布局。

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Eating 吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃藥 take medicine（下棋）吃掉一個(gè)子 take a piece 吃掉敵人一個(gè)團(tuán) annihilate an enemy regiment 連吃敗仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一槍 get shot in the leg 吃閉門(mén)羹 be denied entrance at the door;be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold 吃醋 be jealous 吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission 這種紙不吃墨水。This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink.茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.我可不吃這一套。I won’t take all this lying down.他不務(wù)正業(yè)，專吃白食。He does not do any honest work and lives off others.你這老一套現(xiàn)在可吃不開(kāi)了。Your old way of doing things won’t work now.這件事你如果說(shuō)出去，我叫你吃不了兜著走。If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it.走這么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.吃得苦中苦，方為人上人。Only those who endure the most become the highest.再重的卡車，這座橋也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry.你別想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.他要請(qǐng)我們吃館子。He is going to invite us out to dinner.你要先考慮清楚，免得吃后悔藥。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later.形勢(shì)吃緊。The situation was critical.他那堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的毅力使人吃驚。His will power is amazing.他工作努力，能吃苦。He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.他跑得不快，踢足球吃虧。He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer.我跑了一天路，感到吃力。After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.只要技術(shù)好，到哪兒都吃得開(kāi)。A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere.吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

第五篇：句型翻譯

句式1：there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)

★此句型是由there+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在有，一種無(wú)主語(yǔ)的有。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化?，F(xiàn)在有 there is/are ? 過(guò)去有 there was/were?

將來(lái)有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been? 可能有 there might be …

肯定有 there must be …/there must have been… 過(guò)去一直有 there used to be ?

似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …

此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。

★翻譯練習(xí)(要求用There be 句型)：

1、一年有多少個(gè)月？

2、我家有5口人。

3、我們學(xué)校有各種各樣的課外活動(dòng)。

4、你們城里有多少所幼兒園？

5、他們工廠有很多新機(jī)器。

6、現(xiàn)在有許多同學(xué)在教室學(xué)習(xí)。

7、房間有許多家具，墻壁上有許多照片。

8、在我們村莊附近有一家醫(yī)院。

9、今天的報(bào)紙有許多新消息嗎？

10、這個(gè)星期六有音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎？

11、花園里有一個(gè)游泳池。

12、別匆匆忙忙。有的是時(shí)間。

13、在屋子里有一張寫(xiě)字臺(tái)、一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)和幾堆書(shū)。

14、我們學(xué)校下星期將有一個(gè)晚會(huì)。

15、在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹(shù)。

16、過(guò)去我們村莊有一所小學(xué)。

17、晚會(huì)的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容有音樂(lè)、跳舞、唱歌和游戲。

18、在學(xué)校前面有一條小河。

19、然而，還存在一些問(wèn)題，如水、空氣污染和交通擁擠。20、從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。

參考答案：

1.How many months are there in a year? 2.There are five people in my family.3.There are all kinds of after-class activities in our school.4.How many kindergartens are there in your city? 5.There are a lot of new machines in their factory.6.Now there are many students studying in the classroom.7.There is much furniture in the room.There are many photos on the wall.8.There is a hospital near our village.9.Is there much news on today’s newspaper? 10.Is there going to be a concert this Saturday? 11.There is a swimming pool in the garden.12.Don’t hurry.There is enough time.13.There is a writing desk, a computer and a few piles of books in the room.14.There will be an evening party in our school next Monday.15.In front of the cave, there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.16.There used to be a primary school in our village.17.There is music, dancing and games at the evening party.18.There lies a small river in front of our school.19.However, there exist some problems, such as, water pollution, air pollution and crowdedheavy traffic.20.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea

句型2：動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指那些在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，分為不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，由to＋動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，但在有些情況下to可以省略。在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。它具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，本身可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作除了謂語(yǔ)之外的任何成分，還可用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，而且有完成時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和否定形式。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進(jìn)行式。翻譯下面的句子：

1、騎自行車到那兒要花我們半小時(shí)。

2、照顧老人是我們的職責(zé)。

3、我們要在十五分鐘寫(xiě)完這篇作文是很難的。

4、尊重別人就是尊重自己。

5、當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。

6、司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車(fail)。

7、我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。

8、他答應(yīng)一小時(shí)后回來(lái)。

9、我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計(jì)算機(jī)而解出這道題目。

10、我覺(jué)得被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上面對(duì)這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。

11、沒(méi)有人能告訴我哪里能買到這本書(shū)。

12、我們打算在那兒呆一個(gè)星期。

13、我認(rèn)為我們學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)非常重要。

14、什么時(shí)候出發(fā)去倫敦還沒(méi)有決定。

15、史密斯先生不知道離開(kāi)那里還是留在那里。

1.To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2.It's our duty to take good care of the old.3.It is very difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4.To respect others is to be respected.5.It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.6.The driver failed to see the other car in time.7.I happen to know the answer to your question.8.He promised to return in an hour.9.I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.10.I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.11.No one could tell me where to buy(get)the book.12.We have meant(planned, intended)to stay there a week.13.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.14.When to leave for London has not been decided yet.15.Mr.Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.句型3：動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞(the Gerund)是非限定動(dòng)詞，由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。它具有動(dòng)詞的特征與名詞的特征，在各類應(yīng)試中都是一項(xiàng)重要的測(cè)試內(nèi)容。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)，1、它是從動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)的，所以它保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征，例如它能帶自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等，這時(shí)就叫動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；

2、顧名思義，動(dòng)名詞最大的特點(diǎn)是它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，因此，動(dòng)名詞可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)樗鳛槊~來(lái)使用，所以動(dòng)名詞也有像名詞一樣的“所有格形式”。翻譯下面句子：

1、在夏天，游泳是最好的鍛煉方式。

2、生活沒(méi)有目標(biāo)就像航海沒(méi)有指南針一樣。

3、早晨朗讀英文會(huì)給你帶來(lái)許多好處。

4、考試作弊毀壞人的性格。

5、他當(dāng)選為我們的主席使我們很開(kāi)心。

6、同他爭(zhēng)論是無(wú)用的。

7、學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒(méi)好處的。

8、他的愛(ài)好是集郵。

9、他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。

10、他設(shè)法避免(escape)患那種疾病。

11、聽(tīng)完了那個(gè)滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔⌒α恕?/p>

12、犯罪嫌疑人(suspect)否認(rèn)他那晚開(kāi)過(guò)辦公室的電腦。

13、我期待著您下一次的到來(lái)。

14、我們最好把這事推遲到下個(gè)星期討論。

15、他因打斷了我們的談話而向我們道歉。

16、那位秘書(shū)因沒(méi)有按時(shí)將報(bào)告打印出來(lái)而受責(zé)備。

1.Swimming is the best exercise in summer.2.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.3.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.4.Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.5.His being elected our chairman made us very happy.6.It is no use arguing with him.7.It is no good learning without practice.8.His hobby is collecting stamps.9.His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.10.He managed to escape suffering from the disease.11.After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing.12.The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.13.I'm looking forward to your coming next time.14.We'd better postpone discussing it till next week.15.He apologized for interrupting us.16.The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.句型4：狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子。狀語(yǔ)從句通常由一個(gè)連詞引起，也可以由一個(gè)起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時(shí)甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來(lái)。狀語(yǔ)從句一般分為九大類:(一)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, the moment等連詞引導(dǎo)。

1、你一旦見(jiàn)過(guò)他，就不會(huì)忘了他的（once)。

2、我一有他的答復(fù)就給你打電話(as soon as/the moment)。

3、我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻止他他就跑掉了（before)。

4、不久他就把自信車還給我了（before)。

5、每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時(shí)候，他們就來(lái)幫我們(whenever)。

6、他告訴我了我才知道這件事(till)。

7、不親眼看到，他就不會(huì)相信(until)。

8、我每次去他家，他都出去了(every time/each time)。

9、昨晚我寫(xiě)信時(shí)他在看電視(while)。

10、隨著年齡的增加，她開(kāi)始變聾了（as, go deaf)。

11、趁年輕我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)（while)?！境脽岽蜩F】。

1.Once you see him, you will never forget him.2.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.3.He ran off before I could stop him.4.It was not long before he returned the bicycle to me.5.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.6.I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.7.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.8.Every time I went to his house, he was out.9.He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter． 10.As she got older, she began to go deaf.11.We should work hard while we are young.(Strike while the iron is hot.)

（二）原因狀語(yǔ)從句

一般用 because, since, now that, as和for引導(dǎo)。偶爾也用considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）引導(dǎo)。

12、他沒(méi)有回答我的問(wèn)題僅僅是因?yàn)樗粫?huì)（because)。

13、既然你沒(méi)有事可做，為什么不幫我呢(since/now that)？

14、由于天越來(lái)越晚，我們就回家了(as)。

15、我們必須戒除粗心，由于它會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤(for)。

16、由于今于是星期天，我們沒(méi)有去上學(xué)(because并用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）。

17、他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒（because)。

18、既然大家都來(lái)了，咱們就設(shè)法做出一個(gè)決定吧（since/now that)。

19、考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯(cuò)的了（considering that）。

12.He didn’t answer my question simply because he couldn't． 13.Since you have nothing to do，why don’t you help me.14.As it was getting late, we went home．

15.We must get rid of carelessnessfor it often leads to errors/mistakes.16.It is because today is Sunday that we don’t go to school.17.He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.18.Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and make a decision.19.Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.（三）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無(wú)論哪里）引導(dǎo)。20、武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢水匯合處(the Yangtze and the Han River)。

21、有志者，事竟成。

22、哪兒有問(wèn)題，你最好在哪兒做個(gè)記號(hào)。

23、他無(wú)論在什么地方，總是與我們保持聯(lián)系。

24、村民們?cè)谖廴緡?yán)重的地方種植了許多樹(shù)。

25、年輕人應(yīng)該到最需要的地方去。

26、我把相片放在我每天都能看到的地方。

27、無(wú)論我們?nèi)ツ睦?，我們都要全心全意地為人民服?wù)。

28、請(qǐng)站在原地。

20.Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.21.Where there is a will, there is a way.22.You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.23.He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.24.The villagers have planted many trees where the pollution is very serious.25.The young should go where they are most needed.26.I keep the photo where I can see it every day.27.Wherever we go, we will serve the people heart and soul.28.Please stay where you are.（四）引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句 的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬(wàn)一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。

29、我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。30、最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會(huì)冷。

31、我早晨早早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車。

32、他努力學(xué)習(xí)以便將來(lái)能更好地為人民服務(wù)。

33、我們把收音機(jī)音量開(kāi)大以便每個(gè)人都能聽(tīng)到那條重要的消息。

29.Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.30.(You had)Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.31.I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.32.He studies hard in order that he can serve the people better in the future.33.We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the important news.（五）引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

34、我們把收音機(jī)音量開(kāi)大，結(jié)果每個(gè)人都聽(tīng)到了那條重要的消息。

35、他沒(méi)把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好，結(jié)果沒(méi)按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

36、我們走得匆忙，把門(mén)都忘了鎖了。

37、這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒(méi)有（show)。

38、Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。

39、他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。

40、我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊（black and blue)。

34.We turned the radio up, so that everyone heard the important news.35.He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.36.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.37.The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.38.Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.39.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.40.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（六）條件狀語(yǔ)從句：

表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（萬(wàn)一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就??而言）, on condition that（條件是??）, suppose（假設(shè)）, supposing（假設(shè)）（僅用在問(wèn)句中）等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

41、只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法(as/so long as)。

42、萬(wàn)一你有什么困難，請(qǐng)給我們一個(gè)信兒(in case)。

43、如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床(if)。

44、只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間(on condition that)。

45、他會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話(unless/if...not)。

46、據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)DNA專家(as far as)。

47、假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們?cè)趺崔k(suppose/supposing)？ 41.As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.42.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.43.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.44.We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.45.He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.46.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.47.Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?

（七）方式狀語(yǔ)從句：

方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as（與……一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導(dǎo)。

48、入鄉(xiāng)隨俗(as)。

49、她站在門(mén)口，仿佛在等人似的(as if)。50、事情就如你喜歡的那樣(as)。

51、我按你的建議把計(jì)劃修改了(as)。

52、天看起來(lái)好像要下雨(as if)。

53、我愛(ài)你就像你是我的兒子(as if)。

48.Do in Rome as the Romans do.49.She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.50.Things are just as you like.51.I have changed the plan as you suggested.52.It looks as if it is going to rain.53.I’ve loved you as if you were my son.．.（八）比較狀語(yǔ)從句：

比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用as …as，than, not so…as, the more…引導(dǎo)。

54、你和他在一起呆的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，你就會(huì)越了解他(the more, the more)。

55、上海下的雨比北京的多(than)。

56、我們的國(guó)家同整個(gè)歐洲一樣大(as...as...).57、結(jié)果不如我預(yù)料的那么好(not as/so...as...)。

54.The longer you stay with him, the beter you will know him.55.It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.56.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.57.The result was not as/so good as I had expected

（九）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：

讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無(wú)論怎樣）, whatever（無(wú)論什么）, whoever（無(wú)論誰(shuí)）, whomever（無(wú)論誰(shuí)）, whichever（無(wú)論哪個(gè)）, whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)）, wherever（無(wú)論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（無(wú)論……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導(dǎo)。

58、我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣(even if/even though)。

59、我認(rèn)為我們還是買這件，雖然它會(huì)占去更多的空間(although/though)。60、無(wú)論它有多貴，我也要買下它(however/no matter how)。61、不管他們是誰(shuí)，別讓他們進(jìn)來(lái)(whoever/no matter who)。

62、無(wú)論我說(shuō)什么或怎么說(shuō)，他總認(rèn)為是我錯(cuò)(whatever and however)。63、不管你信不信，這是真的(whether)。

64、不論你走那條路都要三個(gè)小時(shí)(whichever way)。65、不管你什么時(shí)候去看他, 他都在用功(no matter when)。66、不論你做什么, 好好地做(whatever/no matter who)。67、雖然他工作很努力，但還是不能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)（as)。68、雖然他很年輕，但他懂得很多(as)。

58.We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.59.I think we should get this one, although it may take up more space in the room.60.However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.61.Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.62.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.63.Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.64.No matter which(whichever)way you take, It takes you three hours.65.No matter when(Whenever)you go to see him, he is always working hard.66.No matter what do you do, do it well.67.Hard as he worked, he couldn't finish the task on time.68.Young as he is, he knows a lot.