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      也談網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯

      時間:2019-05-13 21:56:19下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《也談網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯》,但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《也談網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯》。

      第一篇:也談網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯

      也談網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯

      昨天,有感而發(fā)了一番關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的感慨,一位叫胡楊的陌生博友回復(fù)道:“網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言永遠(yuǎn)不可能純凈了,正因?yàn)槿绱?,它才有無窮魅力。神馬,呵呵,常上網(wǎng)的應(yīng)該知道,不上網(wǎng)的,根據(jù)自己的拼音經(jīng)驗(yàn)也因該知道的。”

      看罷他的回復(fù),感覺自己可能真的落伍了,這一番感慨只能象征自己的淺薄無知。即使

      自己不喜歡這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語,至少也應(yīng)該了解一些才好。于是,飯桌上,我虛心做兒子的學(xué)生了。

      “凱,咱們一邊吃飯,你一邊給我講解幾個網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語好嗎?”我一邊準(zhǔn)備著早餐,一邊試探著問。

      “沒問題。這事兒應(yīng)該難不住我?!眱鹤雍茏孕诺卣f:“凡是網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯,一旦創(chuàng)出,最先流傳的就是我們大學(xué)校園了,最慢不超過三兩天?!?/p>

      “好?!蔽液芨吲d地說,“那咱一個一個的來。你先說‘這年頭,如果沒有一個圍脖,還真不好意識跟人打招呼’這句中的‘圍脖’是什么意思?”

      “呵呵,‘圍脖’就是‘微博’,是微型博客,興起一年多了。從2010年8月份新浪微博開通以來風(fēng)靡中國,它每次可以發(fā)表140字內(nèi)的信息??梢越徽劊梢园l(fā)帖,即有博客性質(zhì),也有談話功能?,F(xiàn)在各行各界的名人都有微博,尤其是新浪微博,交際范圍廣,天南海北的,你需要與什么人打交道,加他關(guān)注,交流就是了……微博是一種互動及傳播性極快的工具,傳播速度甚至比媒體還要快……”

      沒想到,一個“圍脖”,兒子已經(jīng)滔滔不絕,他的見識真令我耳目一新。我的新浪微博開通好久了,迄今為止,“關(guān)注” 與“粉絲”也有近百人,可它的功能僅僅是轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)我的博文罷了。兒子這么一說,我還是真有“圍脖”而不知其是“圍脖”罷了。

      豁然開朗后,我繼續(xù)問:“第二個詞匯,《讓子彈飛》很給力,‘給力’怎么理解?”

      “‘給力’原是土語,就是很給勁,很帶勁的意思,字面理解就差不多。其實(shí),這種感覺是想用別的詞匯表達(dá)卻一下子找不到合適的,‘給力’這個詞卻把這個問題解決了!”兒子一邊做著給力的動作,一邊解說著,“‘給力’一詞最初源于日本的搞笑動漫《西游記》中悟空的一句抱怨‘這就是天竺嗎,不給力啊?!唤o力’是形容和預(yù)想目標(biāo)相差甚遠(yuǎn),‘給力’一般理解為有幫助有作用給面子。2010年世界杯期間,‘給力’開始成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)熱門詞匯。11月10日,‘給力’出現(xiàn)在《人民日報》頭版標(biāo)題中,引發(fā)了社會輿論的強(qiáng)烈震撼。今后,與社會熱點(diǎn)密切關(guān)聯(lián)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的‘轉(zhuǎn)正’,或許會成為一股不可遏制的潮流了……”

      “呵呵!”我有些樂了,“原來找不到合適的詞可以新創(chuàng)詞或者借用詞啊!不過,這個‘給力’的字面意思倒是好理解,它的出處與官方報刊的引用,卻不得不引發(fā)思考了。下面,我再問第三個,‘神馬都是浮云’是怎么回事?”

      “這個詞匯首先來自天涯社區(qū)一個女生與親戚妹觀看世博后的無奈而寫的。她在那個帖子里寫了若干的‘神馬都是浮云’,再加那篇文章的足以倒掉大家胃口的描述,這詞兒就一下子火了。字面意思不難理解,什么都是過眼浮云嘛!”

      “我猜測‘神馬都是浮云’最先是以錯別字的形式出現(xiàn)的。是不是?”我問道。

      “或許是,也或許不是。作者或許認(rèn)為這樣寫很有諷刺意味,很調(diào)侃。網(wǎng)民們也感覺很諷刺、很刺激,很能表達(dá)對現(xiàn)實(shí)的無奈以及浮云一般的感覺,才紅起來的。那原文太惡心人了,或許正是那惡心人的故事,才助長了這個詞匯的爆紅。”

      至此,我聽完兒子對這三個詞的解說,我便問:“你說,這三個詞用來考初三的學(xué)生怎么樣?”

      “考了嗎?”兒子一下子猜著了。

      “你先不要管考了沒考。你說如果考的話,學(xué)生們能回答上來嗎?”我不帶表情地說。

      “肯定答不好。農(nóng)村學(xué)生怎么有機(jī)會都接觸網(wǎng)絡(luò),即使城里學(xué)生也做不到百分之百有電腦啊。即使有電腦,家長的嚴(yán)厲監(jiān)督下,誰有空兒去聊天,去接觸新詞匯?”兒子的分析頭頭是道,我很佩服。

      “可不是嘛!咱們這里的學(xué)生這個六分題就平均掉了五六分!農(nóng)村百分之十的家庭或許有電腦了,可是學(xué)生哪有時間去泡網(wǎng),去接觸這些東西?”感覺終于把這個事情了斷了,我便說,“繼續(xù)說說你所知道的其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯吧?!?/p>

      “先說犀利哥吧?!眱鹤淤┵┒劻?,“他來自天涯論壇的一個帖子。一個攝影人無意中拍了一個乞丐的組片發(fā)到網(wǎng)上,沒想到這乞丐的穿著、發(fā)型、神態(tài)立刻引起了網(wǎng)民的極大興趣。有的甚至對他的形象進(jìn)行了各種PS,制造出了不同版本的形形色色的犀利哥。犀利哥一爆紅,網(wǎng)友們紛紛尋找犀利哥去了。犀利哥望著天天來與自己合影的人,想想過去的孤獨(dú),哇地驚叫一聲逃跑了。網(wǎng)友們繼續(xù)跟蹤。原是,犀利哥是一個走失的精神病患者。在網(wǎng)友們的幫助下,犀利哥最終回到了溫暖的家。”

      “不是還有一個犀利姐嗎”我把剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)卻沒有查閱的犀利姐提出來。

      “犀

      利姐一點(diǎn)也不出名,不如鳳姐,鳳姐名羅玉鳳。如芙蓉姐姐一樣,她是一個過于自信的人。與芙蓉姐姐的行為自信不同,她是因?yàn)橐幌盗欣兹搜哉撛诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)上走紅的。鳳姐語錄是‘我九歲博覽群書,二十歲達(dá)到頂峰。我現(xiàn)在都是看社會人文類的書,例如《知音》《故事會》……往前推三百年,往后推三百年,總共六百年沒有人超過我?!砀?米46,網(wǎng)上征男友的條件是‘

      必須為清華北大碩士,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)畢業(yè)或者精通經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),必須具備國際視野,身高1米76到1米83之間,越帥越好,東部沿海戶籍,無生育史,年齡在25-28歲之間”。為此,網(wǎng)友們把她捧起來,讓她上了不少電視節(jié)目,各種雷人語言層出不窮……”

      聽著兒子的解說,我卻想起了《紅樓夢》里的鳳姐。那可是個辣妹子,也是果真有心計、有能力、干練、潑辣的一個人??磥恚@個鳳姐與那個鳳姐差得過于遠(yuǎn)了。聽到兒子說完了,我繼續(xù)問:“還有嗎?你剛才說的那個什么來著……”

      “‘你媽媽喊你回家吃飯’,這個詞來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲中,意思是你太弱了,趕快離開吧。賈君鵬是一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬人物,2009年7月網(wǎng)友在百度貼吧魔獸世界吧發(fā)表了一個名為‘賈君鵬你媽媽喊你回家吃飯’的帖子,沒想到短短五六小時就被390617名網(wǎng)友瀏覽,引來了17000多條回復(fù),被網(wǎng)友們稱為‘網(wǎng)絡(luò)奇跡’。‘賈君鵬你媽媽喊你回家吃飯’也迅速成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語。賈君鵬事件可以理解為一次互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的行為藝術(shù),一次貼吧文化的狂歡……”

      “呵呵。是不是這個可以理解為你不行,趕快滾蛋吧!”我感覺這個詞匯很好玩,這么戲說著。

      “沒那么嚴(yán)重。一般網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞都是中性詞,無貶義的。比如‘你妹’!一般來說‘你妹’二字,用來表示鄙視、不屑或嘲諷的語氣,被用在許多不方便直接罵人的場合?!忝谩鳛榘l(fā)泄的一種方式,常用在有攻擊傾向卻不方便下手的人身上?!?/p>

      “你妹的妹是那個字?妹妹的妹嗎?單從字面意思理解,這個詞兒不大好,你還是舉個例子說說吧!”

      “這個詞兒表達(dá)的意思無貶義,有點(diǎn)弱吧。舉個例子說的話,我傷著腳了,人家卻喊我打球去,我便喊道‘我靠,你妹呢?’”

      “呵呵……”我理解了,卻感覺這個詞兒很搞笑,弱就弱唄,喊什么你妹呀,這可是很容易讓人浮想聯(lián)翩的事兒。“還有什么新詞匯嗎?”

      “‘打醬油’,表示事不關(guān)己高高掛起,更多的是表示一種非暴力不合作的態(tài)度。它來源于這么一個故事:一個記者遇到一位去商店打醬油的小伙子,記者向他咨詢一件什么事,小伙子不屑地說了聲‘我要打醬油呢’就走了。于是,這個‘打醬油’也以雷人的速度飄紅了。”

      “打醬油?頭一次聽說?!蔽矣行└鐐惒及l(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸似的,“不了解故事的話,還真的不好理解。怎么樣?繼續(xù)說?”

      “新詞匯不多了?!眱鹤酉肓讼胝f,“網(wǎng)絡(luò)成名的新事件卻不少。比如,兩位農(nóng)民工的CD《春天里》就被炒紅了,還有CD《老男孩》也感動了不少人,甚至四十歲左右的人看了視頻都會感動地哭起來?!?/p>

      “呵呵……”我又笑了,“我看了絕對不會哭的。那老男孩多大了?他的片子里最終事業(yè)有成嗎?”

      “老男孩30多歲了,片子結(jié)尾似乎沒談成就吧!這只是一首歌,你網(wǎng)上搜索一下,看看就知道了……”

      早餐結(jié)束,我們的談話也結(jié)束了,我卻懶得去查什么。因?yàn)?,單就兒子的這番解說,我已經(jīng)滿足了。

      從中,我也明白了一個道理。關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯,你支持也罷不支持也罷,倡導(dǎo)也罷不倡導(dǎo)也罷,反正它要存在且發(fā)揮一定作用的。那么,就讓它存在吧。就如陌生博友刑警給我的回復(fù)一樣:“可以流行,不應(yīng)該作為考題”罷了。

      至此,對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞匯,我不支持,也算是另眼相看了。

      第二篇:經(jīng)濟(jì)新詞匯(范文模版)

      經(jīng)濟(jì)新詞匯

      Controlling Stake 控制股

      Market Segment 分塊市場

      Marking Budget 營銷預(yù)算

      Specialty Shop 專營商店

      Promotion Budget 促銷預(yù)算

      Networks for sales and service 銷售和服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

      Market Demand 市場需求

      Brand Recognition 品牌認(rèn)可/認(rèn)同

      Industrial Complex 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地/綜合體

      Marketing Savvy 營銷知識/技能

      Listed Companies 上市公司

      Premium Brands 優(yōu)質(zhì)品牌

      Distribution Channels 銷售渠道

      Access to Market 市場準(zhǔn)入

      Mergers and Acquisitions 兼并與收購,并購

      CEPA(Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements)內(nèi)地和香港更緊密經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系安排

      QFII(Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor)

      外國機(jī)構(gòu)投資者機(jī)制, 意思是指合格的外國投資者制度,是QDII制的反向制度。

      QDII(Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors)認(rèn)可本地機(jī)構(gòu)投資者機(jī)制,是允許在資本帳項(xiàng)未完全開放的情況下,內(nèi)地投資者往海外資本市場進(jìn)行投資。

      Avian Influenza 禽流感

      NPC & CPPCC 兩會

      3G(Third Generation)Moblie 第三代移動通信

      Comparatively Prosperous 小康

      Six-Party Talk(DPRK Nuke Talk)六方會談(朝鮮核問題會談)

      NPL(Non-performing loans)不良債權(quán)

      Farmers, Rural Areas, Agriculture Production 三農(nóng)

      Three Greens 三綠

      SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)嚴(yán)重急性呼吸系統(tǒng)綜合癥(非典型性肺炎)

      Windows Longhorn

      微軟即將推出的下一代操作系統(tǒng)(長牛角)

      Little Smart

      小靈通(中國網(wǎng)通和中國電信聯(lián)合推出的移動通信產(chǎn)品,實(shí)行單向收費(fèi))

      IPO(Initial Public Offering)首次公開發(fā)行(是公司上市的標(biāo)志)

      Sino-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade(JCCT)中美聯(lián)合商貿(mào)委員會

      Floating RMB 浮動元

      JV(Joint Venture)合資企業(yè)

      Wi-Fi(Wireless Internet Access)無線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入

      Lunar Probe Project 登月計劃

      Anti-dumping 反傾銷

      Shenzhou V 神州5號

      WEF(World Economic Forum)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇

      World Economic Development Summit 世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展高峰會

      Boao Forum for Asia 博鰲亞洲論壇

      AMC(Asset Management Company)資產(chǎn)管理公司

      Get the Green Light 獲得批準(zhǔn)

      Distressed Asset(DA)不良資產(chǎn)

      Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 中國社會科學(xué)院

      SMS(Short Message Service)短信息服務(wù)

      MMS(Multimedia Message Service)多媒體信息服務(wù)(基于3G技術(shù))

      Ex-CEO 前CEO

      National Council Social Security Fund 國家社會保障基金

      Energy Conservation 能源保護(hù)

      China Household Electrical Appliances Association 中國家用電器協(xié)會

      China-US Mediation Center 中美調(diào)停中心

      Make One′s Debut 首次登場

      National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)國家發(fā)展和改革委員會

      Tax Rebate 出口退稅

      Stable and Rapid Economic Growth Without Fluctuations 穩(wěn)定快速無大起大落的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長

      Portal Website 門戶網(wǎng)站

      Image Ambassador 形象大使 Propellant 推動者

      GMBH 股份有限公司

      Tender 標(biāo)書

      Future Exchange 期貨交易

      TT(Technology Transfer)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓

      ISP(Internet Service PRovider)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商

      Approval Rate 支持率

      Portfolio Investment 證券投資

      Worldwide Economy Uniformity 世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化

      JIT(Just-In-Time)Manufacturing System 準(zhǔn)時制造系統(tǒng)

      EMCS(Engineer, Manufacture and Customer Service)工程,生產(chǎn)和客戶服務(wù)

      Well-off Society 小康社會

      Interim Constitution 臨時憲法

      FDA(Food and Drug Adminstration)美國食品藥品管理局

      Sui Generis 獨(dú)特的

      NIEO(New International Economic Order)新的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序

      Tariff Barrier 關(guān)稅壁壘

      MNC(Multinational Company)跨國公司

      FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)外國直接投資

      Economic Integration 經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化

      Keep RMB Rate at Its Current Level 保持人民幣匯率

      Exchange Rate Mechanism 匯率機(jī)制

      Transitional Grace Period 過渡時期優(yōu)惠期

      International Transaction 國際交易

      Speculative Capital 投機(jī)資本

      Current Account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目

      On the Condition of Anonymity 匿名

      Sand Storm 沙塵暴

      Protectionist Measures 保護(hù)主義措施

      WTO Protocol WTO協(xié)議

      Conform to WTO Spirits and Agreements 遵循WTO精神和條款

      Dispute-Settling Mechanism 爭端解決機(jī)制

      Subsidy Act 補(bǔ)貼行為

      Steer the Big Ship of China′s Economy 掌控中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的大船

      Balanced and Relatively-Fast Economic Growth 平衡相對快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長

      Deep-Seated Problems 根深蒂固的問題

      Decision-Making Mechanism 決策機(jī)制

      Scrutiny From Every Corner of Society 來自社會各方面的監(jiān)督

      Peaceful Reunification 和平統(tǒng)一

      All-round, Coordinated and Sustainable Development 全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展

      Revitalize Old Industrial Bases 振興老工業(yè)基地

      Four Major Tasks: Restructure State Firms, Promote the Non-State Se(轉(zhuǎn)載自本網(wǎng)http://004km.cn,請保留此標(biāo)記。)ctor, Optimize Industrial Mix and Absorb More Investment

      四項(xiàng)任務(wù):重組國有企業(yè),促進(jìn)非公有行業(yè),優(yōu)化工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),吸收更多投資

      International Community 國際社會

      A Fair, Equitable and Non-discriminary Multilateral Trading System 公平、公正、非歧視的多邊貿(mào)易體制

      Initial Stage Success 初步勝利

      Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)諒解備忘錄

      Payment in Arrear 拖欠的付款

      Farmers-Turned-Construction-Workers 農(nóng)民工

      Soft Landing 軟著陸

      Exceed the Benchmark 突破xxx大關(guān)

      Manned Spaceflight 載人航天飛行

      Overall National Strength 綜合國力

      Unswerving Stance 堅定不移的立場

      Traffic Volume 流量(點(diǎn)擊量)

      WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)無線應(yīng)用協(xié)議

      Three Representatives 三個代表

      PAS(Personal Access Phone System)個人接入電話系統(tǒng)

      China Consumers Association 中國消費(fèi)者協(xié)會 GM(Genetically Modified)轉(zhuǎn)基因

      HPAI(High Pathogenic AI)高致病禽流感

      Ultimatum 最后通牒

      Trade Consultation 貿(mào)易磋商

      RTA(Regional Trade Arrangements)區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排

      Ownership Structure 所有制結(jié)構(gòu)

      China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade(JCCT)中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會

      IPR(Intellectual Property Rights)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

      China Association of Enterprises 中國企業(yè)聯(lián)合會

      MES(Market Economy Status)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)地位

      MET(Market Economy Treatment)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)待遇

      Optimal Allocation of Resources 資源最優(yōu)配置

      High-level Talks 高層會談

      WAPI 無線局域網(wǎng)鑒別與保密基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

      Reorganization and Transformation into Stock Company 股份制改造和重組

      Tax Rebates 出口退稅

      Conglomerate 企業(yè)集團(tuán)

      Production VAT 生產(chǎn)型 VAT

      Consumption VAT 消費(fèi)型 VAT

      All disputes shall, first of all, be settled amicably by negotiation.一切爭端應(yīng)首先通過友好會談進(jìn)行解決。

      The arbitration fee shall, in accordance with the Rules of Arbitration, be borne by the losing party.根據(jù)仲裁規(guī)則,仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)。

      The Seller shall not, without the Buyer′s consent, discuss the Contract or any provision thereof to any person or any third parties.未經(jīng)買方同意,賣方不得將合同或合同的任何規(guī)定透漏給任何人或任何第三方。

      The Contractor shall, throughout the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein, take all reasonable steps to protect the environment on and off the site.在工程施工,竣工及修補(bǔ)工程缺陷的整個過程中,承包人應(yīng)采取一切合理的措施,以保護(hù)現(xiàn)場內(nèi)外的環(huán)境。

      The Joint Venture Company shall, in the first three months of each fiscal year, work out the statement of assets and liabilities and losses and gains accounts of the past fiscal year, and shall, after examined and signed by the auditor, submit the same to the Board meeting for approval.合資公司應(yīng)在每個會計年頭三個月編制上一個會計的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表和損益計算書,經(jīng)審計師審核簽字后,提交董事會會議批準(zhǔn)通過。

      If, during air transportation, the documentation(technical information)is found lost or damaged, Party B shall, within 30 days after receiving Party A′s written Notice, supply Party A free of charge with the documentation again.如果技術(shù)資料在空運(yùn)中丟失、損壞,乙方應(yīng)在收到甲方書面通知后30天內(nèi),再次免費(fèi)補(bǔ)寄或重寄給甲方。

      If, for any reason beyond the reasonable control of the Consultants, it becomes necessary to replace any of the Personnel, the Consultants shall forthwith provide as a replacement a person of equivalent or better qualifications.如果由于咨詢者不能正??刂频脑蚨斜匾鎿Q人員,咨詢者應(yīng)替換同等或更好的人員。

      If, after thirty days form the commencement of such informal consultations, the Parties fail to resolve amicably a contract dispute, either Party thereto may require that the dispute be submitted to arbitration for resolution.在非正式協(xié)商開始30天后,如果雙方仍不能友好地解決合同爭端,任何一方可以要求將爭端提交仲裁解決。

      If, under Clause 31, the Employer shall employ other Contractors on the Site, he shall require them to have the same regard for safety and avoidance of danger.如果根據(jù)第31條的規(guī)定,業(yè)主在現(xiàn)場還雇傭其他承包人時,業(yè)主應(yīng)要求這樣的承包人在安全和避免危險方面負(fù)有同樣的責(zé)任。

      If, in accordance with the delivery schedule as stipulated in Chapter 4 of the Contract, the goods fail to be delivered at dates due to the responsibility of the Seller, the Seller shall be obliged to pay to the Buyer penalty for such delay in delivery at the following rates.如果由于賣方的責(zé)任未能按本合同第4章規(guī)定的交貨期交貨時,賣方應(yīng)按照下列比例向買方交納因上述延誤的罰款

      第三篇:新詞匯

      新詞匯

      微博 Microblog 山寨 copycat 異地戀 long-distance relationship 剩女 3S lady(single,seventies,stuck)/left girls 熟女 cougar(源自電影Cougar Club)裸婚 naked wedding 炫富 flaunt wealth 團(tuán)購 group buying 人肉搜索 flesh search 潮人:trendsetter 發(fā)燒友: fancier 骨感美女:boney beauty 卡奴:card slave 下午茶 high tea 憤青 young cynic 性感媽媽 yummy mummy 亞健康 sub-health 靈魂伴侶 soul mate 小白臉 toy boy 精神出軌 soul infidelity 人肉搜索 flesh search 鉆石王老五 diamond bachelor 時尚達(dá)人 fashion icon 御宅 otaku 橙色預(yù)警 orange signal warning 預(yù)約券 reservation ticket 上相的,上鏡頭的 photogenic 80后:80's generation 百搭:all-match 限時搶購:flash sale 合租:flat-share 熒光紋身:glow tattoo 泡泡襪:loose socks 裸妝:nude look 黃牛票:scalped ticket 掃貨:shopping spree 煙熏妝:smokey-eye make-up 水貨:smuggled goods 納米技術(shù):nanotechnology 正妹 hotty 對某人念念不忘 get the hots for 草莓族 Strawberry generation 草根總統(tǒng) grassroots president 笨手笨腳 have two left feet 拼車 car-pooling 解除好友關(guān)系 unfriend v.暴走 go ballistic 海外代購 overseas purchasing 跳槽 jump ship 閃婚 flash marriage 閃電約會 speeddating 閃電戀愛 whirlwind romance 刻不容緩,緊要關(guān)頭 crunch time 樂活族 LOHAS(Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability)一夜情 one-night stand 偶像派 idol type 腦殘體 leetspeak 挑食者 picky-eater 偽球迷 fake fans 狂熱的 gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降溫補(bǔ)貼 high temperature subsidy 奉子成婚 shotgun marriage 婚前性行為 premarital sex 開博 to open a blog 房奴車奴 mortgage slave 上課開小差 zone out 萬事通 know-it-all 賭球 soccer gambling 桑拿天 sauna weather 假發(fā)票 fake invoice 二房東 middleman landlord 笑料 laughing stock 泰國香米 Thai fragrant rice 學(xué)歷造假 fabricate academic credentials 暗淡前景 bleak prospects 畢業(yè)典禮 commencement 散伙飯 farewell dinner 畢業(yè)旅行 after-graduation trip 節(jié)能高效的 fuel-efficient 具有時效性的 time-efficient 很想贏 be hungry for success 面子工程 face job 指甲油 nail varnish 學(xué)歷門檻 academic threshold 王牌主播 mainstay TV host 招牌菜 signature dishes 城市熱島效應(yīng) urban heat island effect 逃學(xué) play hooky, 裝病不上班 play hooky from work 一線城市 first-tier cities 高考 the National College Entrance Examines 錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線 admission scores 保障性住房 indemnificatory housing 一決高下 Duke it out 囤積居奇 hoarding and profiteering 灰色市場 Grey market 反傾銷 anti-dumping 吃白食的人 freeloader 公關(guān) public relation 不幸的日子,不吉利的日子 black-letter day 吉利的日子 saints' days 廉租房 low rent housing 限價房 capped-price housing 經(jīng)適房 affordable housing 替罪羔羊 whipping boy 對口支援 partner assistance 電腦游戲迷:gamer 家庭主男:house-husband 小白臉,吃軟飯的:kept man 二奶:kept woman 麥霸:Mic king / Mic queen 型男:metrosexual man(范指那些極度重視外貌而行為gay化的直男,型男屬于其中的一種)新新人類:new-new generation 另類:offbeat 菜鳥:rookie “色”友(攝影愛好者):shutterbug 驢友:tour pal 娘娘腔:sissy 負(fù)翁:spend-more-than-earn 全職媽媽:stay-at-home mom 裸奔:streaking

      論文常用句型

      Beginning 1.In this paper, we focus on the need for 2.This paper proceeds as follow.3.The structure of the paper is as follows.4.In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5.To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1.This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2.Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3.In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed;then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied;lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review 1.This review is followed by an introduction.2.A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3.In the next section, a brief review of the....is given.4.In the next section, a short review of...is given with special regard to...5.Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6.Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body 1.Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2.Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3.Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4.Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5.Section 2 explains how flexibility which often...can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window 6.Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the...7.Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the …..and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8.Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9.Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10.Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11.Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules 12.The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13.Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14.Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15.Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16.Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17.Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18.Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19.Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model..20.Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21.Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22.Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23.In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system 24.In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a...scheme must satisfy.25.In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26.In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27.In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Section 1.In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2.We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section 2.The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3.However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4.The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5.We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6.The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary 1.This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2.Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3.Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4.Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5.Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized 6.The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7.Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0.Abstract 1.A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2.This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3.This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4.The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5.The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6.The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7.The usefulness of xx is also considered.8.A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9.The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10.A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11.Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12.The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13.Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14.This paper analyses problems in 15.This paper outlines the functions carried out by...16.This paper includes an illustration of the...17.This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching 18.Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19.The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx 20.Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21.The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx 22.The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23.A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure

      Chapter 1.Introduction Time 1.Over the course of the past 30 years,..has emerged form intuitive 2.Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world 3.The advent of...systems for has had a significant impact on the 4.The development of...is explored 5.During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions 6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years 7.There has been a turning point in...methodology in accordance with the advent of...8.A major concern in...today is to continue to improve...9.A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10.At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx 11.Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12.The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13.To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose 1.The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows: 2.The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3.The paper concerns the development of a xx 4.The scope of this research lies in 5.The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6.These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit...7.The objectives of the...operations study are as follows: 8.The primary purpose/consideration/objective of 9.The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide 10.The main objective of such a...system is to 11.The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12.In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements: 13.In order to take advantage of their similarity 14.more research is still required before final goal of...can be completed 15.In this trial, the objective is to generate...16.for the sake of concentrating on...research issues 17.A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18.For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19.A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring..methods 20.This illustration points out the need to specify 21.The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22.Chapter 2.Literature Review 23.A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx 24.A considerable amount of research has been done..during the last decade 25.A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26.There is considerable amount of literature on planning 27.However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28.Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.29.Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30.Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31.Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of 32.Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33.Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34.The central issue in all these studies is to 35.The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36.Applied...techniques to 37.Characterized the...system as 38.Developed an algorithm to 39.Developed a system called...which 40.Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce 41.Emphasized the need to 42.Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology 43.A comprehensive study of the...has been undertaken 44.Much work has been reported recently in these filed 45.Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/ Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights 46.Point out that the problem of 47.A study on...was done / developed by [] 48.Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with 49.The approach taken by [] is 50.The system developed by [] consists 51.A paper relevant to this research was published by [] 52.[]'s model requires consideration of...53.[]' model draws attention to evolution in human development 54.[]'s model focuses on...55.Little research has been conducted in applying...to 56.The published information that is relevant to this research...57.This study further shows that 58.Their work is based on the principle of 59.More history of...can be found in xx et al.[1979].60.Studies have been completed to established 61.The...studies indicated that 62.Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question 63.Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model.They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64.Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems 67....is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved 68.Two major problems have yet to be addressed 69.An unanswered question 70.This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71.An additional research issue to be tackled is....72.Some important issues in developing a...system are discussed 73.The three prime issues can be summarized: 74.The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the...75.There have been many attempts to 76.It is expected to be serious barrier to 77.It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex

      六級2010 in harmony(with)(與……)和睦相處、(與……)協(xié)調(diào)一致 sponge off 依賴他人生活 spy on 暗中監(jiān)視

      be comparable with/to 與……相似 clutch at 企圖抓住 reconcile to 使順從于 suffice it to say(that)只要說……就夠了 deviate from 背離 偏離

      stab in the back 背后中傷 背叛 owe to 歸功于 由于 因?yàn)?/p>

      presume on(不正當(dāng)?shù)兀├?detach from 使分開 拆卸

      in essence 本質(zhì)上 基本上 of the essence 極其重要的 不可少的 endow with 給予 賦予 prone to 易于……的

      inline to 傾向于…… 易于做…… bound to 一定

      correlate to/with 相關(guān) 關(guān)聯(lián)

      take in(one’s)stride 輕而易舉地應(yīng)付 輕松地勝任 distinguish……from……把……區(qū)分出來 engage in 參加 從事于

      grope for/around 搜索 暗中摸索 grope for 探索 in retrospect 回顧起來

      originate in/from/with 起源于 產(chǎn)生 stumble across on 偶然遇到 碰巧找到 in abundance 充足 豐富 submit to 屈服 聽從

      subordinate to 次要的,從屬的 subscribe to 訂購 訂閱 glare at 怒目而視

      in a dilemma 處于兩難境地 adapt to 適應(yīng)……

      in collaboration with 與……合作 與……勾結(jié) rein in 嚴(yán)格控制 嚴(yán)加管束

      give(free)rein to對……不加約束、放任 hold in contempt 輕視

      at random 隨便地 任意地 in bulk 大量的 at length 最后

      behave oneself 檢點(diǎn)自己的行為 immune to 不受影響的 immune from 免除的

      endure to do/doing sth.忍受做某事 summon up 鼓起(勇氣)

      be accustomed to sth./doing sth習(xí)慣(做某事)shove off 動身 離開 in the interim在其間

      be entitled to(do)sth有權(quán)做某事 dine out 外出就餐 haul away 搬開 移走 susceptible to 易受影響的 過敏的 susceptible of 容許的 Sue for 請求 要求 peg away at 堅持不懈

      be bound to 對……有義務(wù)的 preside at/over 主持 主管 in all probability 十有八九 in hot pursuit 窮追不舍 in light of 根據(jù)

      adjacent to 臨近的 毗鄰的 interfere with 干擾

      installment plan 分期付款方式

      diagnose sb.with sth.診斷某人患某病 implicit in 內(nèi)含的 pore over 仔細(xì)閱讀 in excess of 超過

      interpret as 把……理解為…… tack on 附加 增補(bǔ)

      tangle with 與……爭吵 與……有糾葛 culminate in 以……告終 by analogy 用類推的方法 cater for sb./sth.迎合某人/某事 grieve for /over為……感到悲痛 resort to 求助 憑借 訴諸 pour scorn on 以鄙夷的口氣說 give vent to 表達(dá)

      cast light upon 是……清楚

      be indicative of 標(biāo)示的 指示的 象征的 inferior to 比……差的 比……地位低的

      assert oneself 堅持自己的意見 顯示自己的權(quán)威 immerse in(使w)沉浸在 專心于 lace up 用系帶系緊

      inflict on/upon 把……強(qiáng)加給 使承擔(dān) flush with 齊平的 同高的 be conscious of 知道

      bump into 碰 撞 顛簸著前進(jìn) scrape by 勉強(qiáng)度日

      dwell on/upon 老是想著 詳述

      be capable of 做得出的 有能力的 有本領(lǐng)的 mediate in/between調(diào)解 斡旋 in brief 簡言之 簡單地說

      have an insight into sth.對……有深入的了解 instrumental in 有幫助的 其作用的 testify to 表明 說明 gamble on 賭博 打賭 gamble away 輸?shù)?輸光 take a gamble 冒風(fēng)險

      mingle with 與……相融合 the profession 同行 同業(yè)

      in the aggregate 總共 作為總體 eliminate sb./sth.from 從……除去 brood on /over/about考慮 沉思

      dedicate to 把(一生、時間、精力)獻(xiàn)給,用于 compensate for sb./sth.彌補(bǔ) 補(bǔ)償 on the threshold of 即將開始

      tick away /by(時間一分一秒地)過去 conduct oneself(行為)表現(xiàn) at full tilt 全速地 全力地 settle down 定居 定下心來

      settle in(to)安頓下來 適應(yīng)新環(huán)境

      by the same token 由于同樣的原因 同樣地 attach to 使依戀 把……放在be attached to 附屬于

      toss up(打賭等時)擲(錢幣)in(full)blossom 正在開花

      blossom out /into發(fā)展 長成 in tow(被)拖著 伴隨著 out of stock 脫銷 out of business 破產(chǎn)

      hatch out(小雞等)孵出 cling to 緊緊抓住

      coincide with 相符 與……一致 adhering to 粘附 堅持 carve up 分割 瓜分

      in transit 在運(yùn)輸中 在途中 linger on 繼續(xù)逗留

      associate with 結(jié)交 交往 gleam with 流露 drag on 拖延

      indulge in 沉溺 肆意從事 in the vicinity of 在附近in accordance to with 根據(jù) revolve around 以……為中心 a trifle 有點(diǎn) 稍微 trifle with 嘲笑 輕視

      inherent in 內(nèi)在的 生來就有的

      hinge on/upon 依……而定,以……為轉(zhuǎn)移 a multitude of 許多 大量 tuck away 把……隱沒在tuck up 折起

      persist in 堅持 固執(zhí) derive from來自

      appeal to 吸引 向……上訴

      appeal to sb.for help 向某人求助 tumble to(突然)明白 領(lǐng)悟 cope with 應(yīng)付 對付 confer on 授予 賦予

      deprive sb.of 使某人喪失 剝奪

      in accordance with 按照 根據(jù) 與……一致 identitical to/with sb./sth 與……完全一樣 in default of 因缺少 在缺乏……時 obstacle to ……的障礙

      buck up 使振奮精神 打起精神 in duplicate 一式兩份

      consent to 準(zhǔn)許 同意 贊成 snatch up 一把抓住

      snatch at 理解 明白

      under no circumstances無論如何不 絕不 Orient to 以……為方向

      enroll in/on加入 入學(xué) give vent to 表達(dá) 發(fā)泄

      for the sake of 為了……起見 看在……的份上 in vain 徒勞 無效

      (by)courtesy of 蒙……的好意

      be liable to 可能的 易于……的 account for 解釋 說明 占有 on account of 由于 為了……

      on the brink of 瀕臨 處于……的邊緣 on the blink 壞了 出故障 comply with 遵從 服從

      blaze a trail 開拓道路 做先導(dǎo)

      commit to 把……托付給 把……置于 conceive of 構(gòu)想出 設(shè)想

      Start from scratch從零開始I 從頭做起 pave the way of 鋪平道路 做準(zhǔn)備 irrespective of 不考慮的(考研詞組)triumph over 得勝 戰(zhàn)勝

      in motion 在開動中 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中 in contrast with/to 與……對比 a fraction of 一小部分 be exhausted from 因……而十分疲乏 with a pinch of salt 有保留地 energy pinch 能源緊缺 on occasion 有時 不時 by occasion of 由于 huddle up 蜷縮

      commit suicide 自殺

      deviate from 偏離 不按……辦 drain away 漸漸枯竭

      attach oneself to 使成為一員 使附屬 deprive sb.of sth.剝奪某人某物 on the verge of 接近于 瀕臨 verge on 接近瀕臨

      make a splash 引人注目

      confer sth.upon/on sb.把……授予某人 consent to 同意 答應(yīng) a bosom friend 知心朋友

      時政用語

      1.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮 with the booming of the economy 2.隨著人民生活水平的顯著提高 with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard 3.先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù) advanced science and technology

      4.為我們?nèi)粘I钤鎏砹饲槿?add much spice / flavor to our daily life 5.人們普遍認(rèn)為 It is commonly believed that…

      6.我同意前者(后者)觀點(diǎn) I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.7.引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注 Sth.has aroused wide public concern./ Sth has drawn great public attention.8.不可否認(rèn) It is undeniable that…

      9.熱烈的討論/ 爭論 a heated discussion / debate 10.有爭議性的問題 a controversial issue

      11.就我而言/ 就個人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 12.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 13.雙方的論點(diǎn) argument on both sides

      14.發(fā)揮日益重要作用 play an increasingly important role in… 15.對…必不可少 be indispensable to … 16.正如諺語所說 As the proverb goes:

      17.對…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響 exert positive / negative effects on… 18.利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊 The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.19.導(dǎo)致,引起 lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in 20.復(fù)雜的社會現(xiàn)象 a complicated social phenomenon 21.責(zé)任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility / achievement 22.競爭與合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 23.開闊眼界 widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision 24.學(xué)習(xí)知識和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

      25.經(jīng)濟(jì)/心理負(fù)擔(dān) financial burden / psychological burden 26.考慮到諸多因素 take many factors into consideration 27.從另一個角度 from another perspective 28.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

      29.對…有益 be beneficial to / be conducive to… 30.為社會做貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to the society 31.打下堅實(shí)的基礎(chǔ) lay a solid foundation for… 32.綜合素質(zhì) comprehensive quality

      33.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to… 34.應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn) Admittedly,35.不可推卸的義務(wù) unshakable duty 36.滿足需求 satisfy / meet the needs of...37.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 38.寶貴的自然資源 valuable natural resources

      39.因特網(wǎng) the Internet(一定要由冠詞,字母I 大寫)40.方便快捷 convenient and efficient 41.在人類生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 42.環(huán)保的材料 environmentally friendly materials 43.社會進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn) a symbol of society progress

      44.大大方便了人們的生活 Sth has greatly facilitated people's lives.45.對這一問題持有不同態(tài)度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 46.在一定程度上 to some extent

      47.理論和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合 integrate theory with practice 48.…必然趨勢 an irresistible trend of…

      49.日益激烈的社會競爭 the increasingly keen social competition 50.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 51.長遠(yuǎn)利益 long-tem interest 52.…有其自身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) … has its own merits and demerits / pros and cons 53.對…有害 do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to 54.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas / emotions / information

      55.跟上…的最新發(fā)展 keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of… 56.…的健康發(fā)展 the healthy development of… 57.重視 attach great importance to… 58.社會地位 social status 59.把時間和精力放在…上 focus one's time and energy on… 60.擴(kuò)大知識面 expand one's scope of knowledge 61.身心兩方面 both physically and mentally 62.有直接/間接關(guān)系 be directly / indirectly related to…

      63.導(dǎo)致很多問題 give rise to / lead to / spell various problems 64.可以替代think的詞 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that 65.緩解壓力/ 減輕負(fù)擔(dān) relieve stress / burden 66.優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展… give(top)priority to sth.67.與…比較 compared with…/ in comparison with

      68.可降解的/可分解的材料 degradable / decomposable material 69.代替 replace / substitute / take the place of 70.提供就業(yè)機(jī)會 offer job opportunities

      71.反映了社會進(jìn)步的 mirror the social progress/advance 72.增進(jìn)相互了解 enhance / promote mutual understanding 73.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

      74.承受更大的工作壓力 suffer from heavier work pressure 75.保障社會穩(wěn)定和繁榮 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 76.更多地強(qiáng)調(diào) put more emphasis on…

      77.適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展 adapt oneself to the social development 78.實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想 realize one's dream

      79.主要理由列舉如下 The main / leading reasons are listed as follows: 80.我們還有很長的路要走 We still have a long way to go.

      第四篇:也談雷鋒精神

      也談雷鋒精神

      在談雷鋒精神之前,先來一首剛剛杜撰的打油詩:

      雷鋒精神是人性,人類楷模不是神。人生失落需自強(qiáng),春風(fēng)得意樂助人。

      自從我國開始宣傳雷鋒的那天起,雷鋒、雷鋒事跡、雷鋒故事和雷鋒精神就在人們的不斷質(zhì)疑當(dāng)中宣傳,并在人們學(xué)雷鋒的行動中被不斷質(zhì)疑。其實(shí),如今的雷鋒或雷鋒精神,只是個“做好事”的代名詞,因此,當(dāng)無人宣傳學(xué)雷鋒的時候,人們卻時常會想起、提起雷鋒;而當(dāng)有人宣傳學(xué)雷鋒時,人們卻懷疑學(xué)雷鋒是否還合時宜。這種奇怪的反映,說明人們需要雷鋒,社會需要雷鋒,任何一個時代都需要雷鋒,同時人們又懷疑雷鋒精神是否真的存在,懷疑別人和自己是否能學(xué)做雷鋒,并且能學(xué)做多久。

      曾有資料介紹說,第一個宣傳雷鋒事跡的作者把雷鋒寫得非常人性化,可是審稿的人覺得文章的階級立場不夠鮮明,于是就硬杜撰進(jìn)了雷鋒小時候砍地主家山上的柴,手背被地主婆砍了三刀的故事,以增加文章中雷鋒的階級立場和階級仇恨。而據(jù)曾跟雷鋒一起憶苦思甜的戰(zhàn)友說,雷鋒手指上有一道明顯的刀疤,是小時候偷吃地主家的豬食時,被地主婆砍的。還有人說,雷鋒手上的疤痕是小時候頑皮不小心摔的。甚至還有人說,這刀疤是小時候在地主家的廚房里,看廚娘在切熟肉,忍不住伸手從砧板上撮肉吃,被廚娘手上的菜刀不小心割了一刀留下的,而不是被地主婆砍的。但是,為了階級斗爭的需要,作者就把這疤痕的來歷按在了地主婆頭上。雷鋒死后,在編撰雷鋒日記時,專挑他日記當(dāng)中那些符合當(dāng)時政治宣傳需要的內(nèi)容,而把那些兒女情長的內(nèi)容都沒選進(jìn)去。甚至在展示雷鋒的遺物時,也特意把雷鋒擁有的奢侈品都藏起來,而盡量展示他儉樸的一面。甚至還有人懷疑雷鋒當(dāng)時的收入和支出是不平衡的,收入少,而消費(fèi)和捐獻(xiàn)得多,說明宣傳有假。其實(shí),現(xiàn)在去考究這些都毫無意義。有意義的是,到底什么是雷鋒精神?我們需不需要雷鋒精神?

      雷鋒小時候的確很苦,七歲就成了孤兒,解放那年他十歲,才開始上小學(xué);16歲時,小學(xué)畢業(yè)就參加了工作,并當(dāng)了公務(wù)員??h合作社里買拖拉機(jī)時,號召大家捐款,雷鋒捐了二十元,成了全縣捐款最多的人。后來又學(xué)會了開拖拉機(jī)、摩托車,自己又買了自行車。他工作四年后,1960年去參軍,并開上了汽車。在當(dāng)時,雷鋒的收入,特別是在鞍鋼工作時的收入,是很高的。他一個人的收入,在當(dāng)時,可以養(yǎng)活一家四、五口人??墒抢卒h直到22歲去世時,還是孤身一人,毫無牽掛。他真是一人吃飽,全家不愁。因此,當(dāng)時的雷鋒是很爽的,像當(dāng)時的奢侈品,如自行車、手表、皮箱、皮鞋和時髦服裝,他都有。還不到22歲,這些東西都有了,這在當(dāng)時是不得了的事。他當(dāng)時的生活水平,足足超前我們溫州普通百姓二十多年。雷鋒還很喜歡拍照片,這在當(dāng)時人們一輩子也沒拍幾張照片的時代來說,也是很時尚的。因此,當(dāng)時的雷鋒是個生活富裕、追求時尚的小青年,比如今的富二代、官二代還牛??墒?,追求時尚的雷鋒平時生活也是很儉樸的,他把積攢下來的錢用來幫助集體和別人,體現(xiàn)了“富而好德、富而好禮、富而好仁、樂善好施”的傳統(tǒng)美德。當(dāng)時為了政治宣傳的需要,硬把這跟共產(chǎn)主義精神扯在一起,不過也沒關(guān)系,因?yàn)楣伯a(chǎn)主義也是講人性的。而當(dāng)時硬把階級斗爭也扯在里面,就有點(diǎn)滑稽了。因?yàn)椋卒h做好事時,從來都不問那些受他幫助的人到底是什么階級成分。如果受他幫助的那個老大娘是個地主婆呢?如果他幫助提行李的那個抱小孩的大嫂是個國民黨殘匪的官太太呢?他這不是在為階級敵人做事嗎?可是,雷鋒只知道她們是需要幫助的人,就去幫助她,不附加任何條件,不求任何回報。這就是雷鋒精神所閃爍的人性的光輝。

      雷鋒是個活生生的人,他樂觀、大方,熱愛學(xué)習(xí)和自我修養(yǎng);他在春風(fēng)得意時,不像現(xiàn)在的一些富二代、官二代欺人、壓人;他最大的特點(diǎn)就是助人為樂,勤做好事。根據(jù)雷鋒所生活的時代、年齡和學(xué)歷,雷鋒不可能在日記里寫出什么高深的理論和超脫當(dāng)時形勢氛圍的獨(dú)到見解,因此,我們不能簡單地看雷鋒在日記里說了什么,而要看他主要做了什么。雷鋒是樸素的,純潔的,善良的,并且具有初步的人生理念。我們今天學(xué)習(xí)他,就是要學(xué)習(xí)他怎樣做一個有人性的人,因此,雷鋒不僅是我們中國人學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣,也是全人類的楷模。其實(shí),像雷鋒這樣的人是很多的,如有些基督徒也非常樂于幫助別人,當(dāng)我們向他表示感謝時,他往往會說“讓我們都感謝上帝吧!”,這就把做好事跟宗教攪在了一起。而把雷鋒精神硬跟共產(chǎn)主義或階級斗爭攪在一起,這實(shí)際上是一種新的宗教形式,從而也扭曲了真正的雷鋒精神。

      雷鋒精神是人類精神世界的一顆燦爛明星,它早已擺脫了時代、國界和階級的束縛。隨著人類社會的文明進(jìn)步,雷鋒精神必將大放異彩。實(shí)際上我們在當(dāng)今的一些發(fā)達(dá)國家里,也經(jīng)常能感受到類似雷鋒精神的存在,而在雷鋒的誕生地中國,更多的只是一種形式和宣傳。

      第五篇:也談延安精神

      清晨,我們第37、38期高校哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)教學(xué)科研骨干研修班的部分學(xué)員,在北京中共中央黨校學(xué)習(xí)兩周多后,乘火車抵達(dá)延安,開始了為期9天的學(xué)習(xí)和考察之旅。

      延安是中國革命的圣地,在中國抗日戰(zhàn)爭和解放戰(zhàn)爭的部分時期,曾是無數(shù)愛國和愛好和平的中國人心神向往之地。它是中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的一面?zhèn)ゴ笃鞄?,在這一旗幟的感

      召下,眾多愛國青年和知識分子,不遠(yuǎn)萬里,不怕苦和累,冒著被敵人殺頭的危險,沖破重重難關(guān),紛紛奔向這里,加入到抗擊日本帝國主義、拯救民族危亡的偉大洪流之中;它是延安精神孵育、誕生和成熟之地,有了這一偉大精神,中國共產(chǎn)黨及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)之下的軍民不懼任何艱難險阻,奮勇向前,使中國革命力量由弱到強(qiáng)、從小到大,直至取得全國勝利;它是馬克思主義與中國實(shí)際相結(jié)合、真正實(shí)現(xiàn)馬克思主義中國化的發(fā)祥之地,在此,中國共產(chǎn)黨人通過整頓學(xué)風(fēng)黨風(fēng)文風(fēng)、反思中國革命征程中的正反兩方面歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)以及批判王明“左”傾教條主義和本本主義等一系列運(yùn)動,找到了中國革命正確的政治方向、奮斗目標(biāo)和思想路線,為后來的中國革命和國家建設(shè)從勝利走向勝利奠定了堅實(shí)的理論和思想基礎(chǔ);它也是毛澤東思想孕育、成熟、直至成為全國人民社會實(shí)踐活動的指導(dǎo)思想的地方。毛澤東思想繼承和發(fā)展了馬列主義,是馬列主義的基本原理和唯物主義思想方法與中國實(shí)際相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,極大地豐富了馬列主義思想寶庫,成為中國無產(chǎn)階級革命、新民主主義國家建設(shè)和社會主義國家建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)思想,也是中國人民抵御外來強(qiáng)敵的精神力量源泉。

      在延安學(xué)習(xí)和考察的9天時間里,我們先后參加了許多現(xiàn)場教學(xué)活動和課堂教學(xué)活動。在現(xiàn)場教學(xué)活動中,我們先后參觀了延安革命紀(jì)念館、魯迅藝術(shù)學(xué)院和六屆六中全會舊址、洛川會議舊址、四八烈士陵園、寶塔山圣地、中國人民抗日軍政大學(xué)紀(jì)念館和舊址、鳳凰山革命舊址、王家坪革命舊址、楊家?guī)X革命舊址、棗園革命舊址等;在課堂教學(xué)活動中,我們參加了形式豐富多彩的活動,如觀看《延安時代》音像教學(xué)片、黨中央在延安十三年講座、學(xué)唱革命歌曲和陜北民歌、毛澤東與黃炎培論“歷史周期率”、觀看文藝演出、學(xué)習(xí)革命先烈講座、弘揚(yáng)抗大精神講座、白求恩與白求恩精神講座、毛澤東如何教育子女講座、延安精神及其時代價值等。通過這些活動,我對延安的形象逐步從比較模糊到相對清晰,從片面了解到比較全面了解,對延安精神從生疏好奇到由衷的感佩,特別是對張聞天和林彪的歷史貢獻(xiàn)與作用有了相當(dāng)不同的認(rèn)識和改變。我覺得中共黨史還有許多空白點(diǎn)很值得挖掘和填充,應(yīng)該還歷史以本來面目,應(yīng)該真正“實(shí)事求是”地對待歷史人物,功就是功,過就是過,這才是共產(chǎn)黨人應(yīng)該具備的崇高品質(zhì)。另外,我對周恩來總理的看法也有了些小改變。

      不過,作為民主黨人士(我是九三學(xué)社成員),我對中國共產(chǎn)黨人在延安時期的所作所為和所思所想而凝練而成的“延安精神”,還是敬佩有加,這里,我只能用“感動”、“感人”和“感慨”六個字來加以表達(dá)。

      “感動”是因?yàn)橹袊伯a(chǎn)黨最高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們都普遍具有博大情懷和樸實(shí)剛毅的良好作風(fēng),他們大多具有自我批評、自我反思和勇于改正錯誤的膽量與智慧,他們也大多具有高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的雄才大略,他們?yōu)槠渌伯a(chǎn)黨人和解放區(qū)民眾樹立起了光輝形象和高大豐碑;“感人”是因?yàn)樵谶@里的中國共產(chǎn)黨人及其追隨者們做出了許許多多感天地泣鬼神的偉大事跡,特別是在生活條件極端困苦時期,他們都表現(xiàn)出了大公無私和艱苦樸素的高尚情懷,例如,在生活上,從黨的高級干部到一般工作人員都能做到平等互助、不分貴賤和同甘共苦。這里還涌現(xiàn)出了像張思德和白求恩這樣的全心全意為人民服務(wù)的光輝典型;“感慨”是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時還相當(dāng)弱小的中國共產(chǎn)黨及其軍隊,由于有了“延安精神”而使自己迅速發(fā)展壯大起來,并且在幾年之內(nèi)就快速打敗了曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)大無比的中國國民黨及其軍隊,最終取得了全國解放戰(zhàn)爭的勝利。因此,我甚至認(rèn)為,中國共產(chǎn)黨之所以能夠做出如此豐功偉績,并不完全是“天意”,而根本原因是“人為”。上梁正,得民心。所謂“得民心者得天下”,的確是一條千古不謬的真理。

      在參加以上活動之余,我時常思考“何為延安精神”這一問題?經(jīng)過比較深入的學(xué)習(xí)和思考,我以為,“延安精神”或許可以用如下四個“之風(fēng)”來加以說明:

      1、實(shí)事求是之風(fēng)?!皩?shí)事求是”是一個哲學(xué)命題,它表明了人們?nèi)绾螌Υ陀^事物、如何研究客觀事物以及如何從客觀事物的觀察和研究中得出具有其規(guī)律性的東西。毛澤東曾在《改造我們的學(xué)習(xí)》一文中指出:“‘實(shí)事’就是客觀存在著的一切事物,‘是’就是客觀事物的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系,即規(guī)律性,‘求’就是我們?nèi)パ芯??!薄皩?shí)事求是”這一哲學(xué)思想,是毛澤東在對中國歷史事實(shí)和中國革命的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的總結(jié)基礎(chǔ)上提出來的,它事實(shí)上表明了中國共產(chǎn)黨人應(yīng)該成為“什么樣的人”、”怎樣做人”和“怎樣做事”的問題,這就是,中國共產(chǎn)黨人做事為人都

      要從實(shí)際出發(fā)或從客觀事實(shí)出發(fā),反對主觀主義和教條主義,這才是真正的歷史唯物主義者。因此,毛澤東提出了“沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)”的著名論斷,從而,在延安時期,中國共產(chǎn)黨人從上到下都開展了大規(guī)模的調(diào)查研究和思想解放運(yùn)動,這為糾正當(dāng)時黨內(nèi)的左傾主義錯誤、端正政治方向等起到了極大的作用,也為毛澤東真正成為黨和軍隊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心起著重要作用,同時,也為此后毛澤東思想升格為中國革命和社會實(shí)踐的指導(dǎo)思想發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用?!皩?shí)事求是”是毛澤東思想的精髓,同時也是延安精神的精髓。

      2、清正廉明之風(fēng)。在延安時期,中共各級干部為什么都能達(dá)到清正廉潔、大公無私的精神境界,我認(rèn)為,其原因主要就是毛澤東等最高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)起到了表率和榜樣作用。毛澤東在物質(zhì)生活上從來不提出任何過高要求,他與別人一樣,吃同樣的極差伙食,穿一樣的破爛衣服,養(yǎng)成了樸素廉潔的作風(fēng);在工作上,他兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、勞心勞力和廢寢忘食,為中國人民的解放事業(yè)漚心瀝血;在待人方面,他風(fēng)趣幽默、平易近人,從不擺官架子(想想現(xiàn)在的一些大官們甚至微不足道的官員及其太太們的飛揚(yáng)跋扈,就令人心寒?。?;在處事方面,他又公正廉明、精明強(qiáng)干,有運(yùn)籌帷幄、決勝千里之雄才偉略,他所提出的思想和戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)總是比他人高出百疇,無不令人心服口服。毛澤東這種清正廉明的形象和作風(fēng),很自然地就會影響到其他中國共產(chǎn)黨人身上,從而使中共上下也普遍彌漫著這種清正廉明的氣息,為中共在全國人民面前樹立起了良好口碑和光輝形象,贏得了民心,這為此后中國革命走向全面勝利起著極端重要的作用。正如孔子所言:其身正,不令而行;其身不正,雖令不從。

      3、艱苦奮斗之風(fēng)。在整個延安時期,物質(zhì)極端貧乏,生活條件極端困苦,但是,中國共產(chǎn)黨人硬是從這種十分惡劣的環(huán)境中闖出了一條新路,不但克服了重重困難,還使自己迅速強(qiáng)大起來,并取得最終的勝利,這不得不讓全世界所有人感嘆敬佩無比。中國共產(chǎn)黨人憑借著這種“自力更生、艱苦奮斗”之風(fēng),戰(zhàn)勝了橫亙在他們面前的種種危難,無往而不克。因此,艱苦奮斗之風(fēng)也應(yīng)該是延安精神的核心之一。

      4、以民為本之風(fēng)。民本思想是中國儒家思想的精髓之一。孟子說,“民為重,社稷次之,君為輕。”在中共中央進(jìn)駐延安的13年中,以民為本之風(fēng)盛行。毛澤東曾先后提出了“為群眾服務(wù)”、“一切為了人民”和“為人民服務(wù)”等思想,這為中國共產(chǎn)黨人在極端艱難情況下站穩(wěn)腳跟、圖求發(fā)展等打下了堅實(shí)的民意基礎(chǔ)。只有“為人民服務(wù)”或以民為本(不是以人為本,二者有相當(dāng)大的區(qū)別!),才能真正贏得民心,政權(quán)才能真正鞏固,而獲得人民擁戴與支持,是成大事者的最重要素質(zhì)。

      當(dāng)然,以上四個“之風(fēng)”并不能完全概括延安精神的全部內(nèi)涵,但無疑地,它們是中國共產(chǎn)黨取得偉大勝利的重要法寶。我想,延安精神可能還有“奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)、不畏強(qiáng)敵之風(fēng)”、“信念堅定、方向明確之風(fēng)”等,這兩個“之風(fēng)”也非常重要,在中國革命戰(zhàn)爭中發(fā)揮著重要作用。另外,“延安精神”在目前中國人民努力建設(shè)強(qiáng)大的社會主義國家進(jìn)程中,也應(yīng)該有著極其重要的意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)價值,必須在中國共產(chǎn)黨人內(nèi)部、特別是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部中竭力加以弘揚(yáng)和宣傳,并作為他們必備的一種素質(zhì)加以嚴(yán)厲要求,這對維護(hù)中國共產(chǎn)黨人在人民心目中的地位和鞏固執(zhí)政基礎(chǔ),具有無法替代的重大作用。但因篇幅所限,在此不議。

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